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Radiology Thesis – More than 400 Research Topics (2022)!

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Introduction

A thesis or dissertation, as some people would like to call it, is an integral part of the Radiology curriculum, be it MD, DNB, or DMRD. We have tried to aggregate radiology thesis topics from various sources for reference.

Not everyone is interested in research, and writing a Radiology thesis can be daunting. But there is no escape from preparing, so it is better that you accept this bitter truth and start working on it instead of cribbing about it (like other things in life. #PhilosophyGyan!)

Start working on your thesis as early as possible and finish your thesis well before your exams, so you do not have that stress at the back of your mind. Also, your thesis may need multiple revisions, so be prepared and allocate time accordingly.

Tips for Choosing Radiology Thesis and Research Topics

Keep it simple silly (kiss).

Retrospective > Prospective

Retrospective studies are better than prospective ones, as you already have the data you need when choosing to do a retrospective study. Prospective studies are better quality, but as a resident, you may not have time (, energy and enthusiasm) to complete these.

Choose a simple topic that answers a single/few questions

Original research is challenging, especially if you do not have prior experience. I would suggest you choose a topic that answers a single or few questions. Most topics that I have listed are along those lines. Alternatively, you can choose a broad topic such as “Role of MRI in evaluation of perianal fistulas.”

You can choose a novel topic if you are genuinely interested in research AND have a good mentor who will guide you. Once you have done that, make sure that you publish your study once you are done with it.

Get it done ASAP.

In most cases, it makes sense to stick to a thesis topic that will not take much time. That does not mean you should ignore your thesis and ‘Ctrl C + Ctrl V’ from a friend from another university. Thesis writing is your first step toward research methodology so do it as sincerely as possible. Do not procrastinate in preparing the thesis. As soon as you have been allotted a guide, start researching topics and writing a review of the literature.

At the same time, do not invest a lot of time in writing/collecting data for your thesis. You should not be busy finishing your thesis a few months before the exam. Some people could not appear for the exam because they could not submit their thesis in time. So DO NOT TAKE thesis lightly.

Do NOT Copy-Paste

Reiterating once again, do not simply choose someone else’s thesis topic. Find out what are kind of cases that your Hospital caters to. It is better to do a good thesis on a common topic than a crappy one on a rare one.

Books to help you write a Radiology Thesis

Event country/university has a different format for thesis; hence these book recommendations may not work for everyone.

How to Write the Thesis and Thesis Protocol: A Primer for Medical, Dental, and Nursing Courses: A Primer for Medical, Dental and Nursing Courses

Amazon Kindle Edition
Gupta, Piyush (Author)
English (Publication Language)
206 Pages - 10/12/2020 (Publication Date) - Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. (Publisher)

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List of Radiology Research /Thesis / Dissertation Topics

State of the art of MRI in the diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions
Multimodality imaging evaluation of sacroiliitis in newly diagnosed patients of spondyloarthropathy
Multidetector computed tomography in oesophageal varices
Role of positron emission tomography with computed tomography in the diagnosis of cancer Thyroid
Evaluation of focal breast lesions using ultrasound elastography
Role of MRI diffusion tensor imaging in the assessment of traumatic spinal cord injuries
Sonographic imaging in male infertility
Comparison of color Doppler and digital subtraction angiography in occlusive arterial disease in patients with lower limb ischemia
The role of CT urography in Haematuria
Role of functional magnetic resonance imaging in making brain tumor surgery safer
Prediction of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction by uterine artery Doppler
Role of grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of neonatal cholestasis
Validity of MRI in the diagnosis of congenital anorectal anomalies
Role of sonography in assessment of clubfoot
Role of diffusion MRI in preoperative evaluation of brain neoplasms
Imaging of upper airways for pre-anaesthetic evaluation purposes and for laryngeal afflictions.
A study of multivessel (arterial and venous) Doppler velocimetry in intrauterine growth restriction
Multiparametric 3tesla MRI of suspected prostatic malignancy.
Role of Sonography in Characterization of Thyroid Nodules for differentiating benign from
Role of advances magnetic resonance imaging sequences in multiple sclerosis
Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of jaw lesions
Role of Ultrasound and MR Imaging in the Evaluation of Musculotendinous Pathologies of Shoulder Joint
Role of perfusion computed tomography in the evaluation of cerebral blood flow, blood volume and vascular permeability of cerebral neoplasms
MRI flow quantification in the assessment of the commonest csf flow abnormalities
Role of diffusion-weighted MRI in evaluation of prostate lesions and its histopathological correlation
CT enterography in evaluation of small bowel disorders
Comparison of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (PMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in post radiotherapy treated gliomas to detect recurrence
Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of paediatric retroperitoneal masses
Role of Multidetector computed tomography in neck lesions
Estimation of standard liver volume in Indian population
Role of MRI in evaluation of spinal trauma
Role of modified sonohysterography in female factor infertility: a pilot study.
The role of pet-CT in the evaluation of hepatic tumors
Role of 3D magnetic resonance imaging tractography in assessment of white matter tracts compromise in supratentorial tumors
Role of dual phase multidetector computed tomography in gallbladder lesions
Role of multidetector computed tomography in assessing anatomical variants of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis.
magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis
Evaluation of thyroid nodules by ultrasound elastography using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intractable Epilepsy
Evaluation of suspected and known coronary artery disease by 128 slice multidetector CT.
Role of regional diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of intracranial gliomas and its histopathological correlation
Role of chest sonography in diagnosing pneumothorax
Role of CT virtual cystoscopy in diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasia
Role of MRI in assessment of valvular heart diseases
High resolution computed tomography of temporal bone in unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media
Multidetector CT urography in the evaluation of hematuria
Contrast-induced nephropathy in diagnostic imaging investigations with intravenous iodinated contrast media
Comparison of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography in patients with little’s disease
Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Bowel Lesions.
Role of diagnostic imaging modalities in evaluation of post liver transplantation recipient complications.
Role of multislice CT scan and barium swallow in the estimation of oesophageal tumour length
Malignant Lesions-A Prospective Study.
Value of ultrasonography in assessment of acute abdominal diseases in pediatric age group
Role of three dimensional multidetector CT hysterosalpingography in female factor infertility
Comparative evaluation of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) virtual tracheo-bronchoscopy and fiberoptic tracheo-bronchoscopy in airway diseases
Role of Multidetector CT in the evaluation of small bowel obstruction
Sonographic evaluation in adhesive capsulitis of shoulder
Utility of MR Urography Versus Conventional Techniques in Obstructive Uropathy
MRI of the postoperative knee
Role of 64 slice-multi detector computed tomography in diagnosis of bowel and mesenteric injury in blunt abdominal trauma.
Sonoelastography and triphasic computed tomography in the evaluation of focal liver lesions
Evaluation of Role of Transperineal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Urinary Stress incontinence in Women
Multidetector computed tomographic features of abdominal hernias
Evaluation of lesions of major salivary glands using ultrasound elastography
Transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in female urinary incontinence
MDCT colonography and double-contrast barium enema in evaluation of colonic lesions
Role of MRI in diagnosis and staging of urinary bladder carcinoma
Spectrum of imaging findings in children with febrile neutropenia.
Spectrum of radiographic appearances in children with chest tuberculosis.
Role of computerized tomography in evaluation of mediastinal masses in pediatric
Diagnosing renal artery stenosis: Comparison of multimodality imaging in diabetic patients
Role of multidetector CT virtual hysteroscopy in the detection of the uterine & tubal causes of female infertility
Role of multislice computed tomography in evaluation of crohn’s disease
CT quantification of parenchymal and airway parameters on 64 slice MDCT in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Comparative evaluation of MDCT and 3t MRI in radiographically detected jaw lesions.
Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, colour Doppler sonography and low dose computed tomography in acute appendicitis
Ultrasonography , magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) in assessment of pediatric biliary lesions
Multidetector computed tomography in hepatobiliary lesions.
Evaluation of peripheral nerve lesions with high resolution ultrasonography and colour Doppler
Multidetector computed tomography in pancreatic lesions
Multidetector Computed Tomography in Paediatric abdominal masses.
Evaluation of focal liver lesions by colour Doppler and MDCT perfusion imaging
Sonographic evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment
Role of multidetector CT in characterization of renal masses
Study to assess the role of Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of arteriovenous (av) hemodialysis fistula and the complications of hemodialysis vasular access
Comparative study of multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced MRI in the evaluation of hepatic mass lesions
Sonographic spectrum of rheumatoid arthritis
Diagnosis & staging of liver fibrosis by ultrasound elastography in patients with chronic liver diseases
Role of multidetector computed tomography in assessment of jaw lesions.
Role of high-resolution ultrasonography in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid lesions
Radiological evaluation of aortic aneurysms in patients selected for endovascular repair
Role of conventional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging tractography in evaluation of congenital brain malformations
To evaluate the status of coronary arteries in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation using 256 multirow detector CT scan
A comparative study of ultrasonography and CT – arthrography in diagnosis of chronic ligamentous and meniscal injuries of knee
Multi detector computed tomography evaluation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and correlation with severity of disease
Diffusion weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in chemoradiotherapeutic response evaluation in cervical cancer.
High resolution sonography in the evaluation of non-traumatic painful wrist
The role of trans-vaginal ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis & evaluation of cancer cervix
Role of multidetector row computed tomography in assessment of maxillofacial trauma
Imaging of vascular complication after liver transplantation.
Role of magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging & spectroscopy for grading of glioma by correlating perfusion parameter of the lesion with the final histopathological grade
Magnetic resonance evaluation of abdominal tuberculosis.
Diagnostic usefulness of low dose spiral HRCT in diffuse lung diseases
Role of dynamic contrast enhanced and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of endometrial lesions
Contrast enhanced digital mammography anddigital breast tomosynthesis in early diagnosis of breast lesion
Evaluation of Portal Hypertension with Colour Doppler flow imaging and magnetic resonance imaging
Evaluation of musculoskeletal lesions by magnetic resonance imaging
Role of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of neoplastic and inflammatory brain lesions
Radiological spectrum of chest diseases in HIV infected children High resolution ultrasonography in neck masses in children
with surgical findings
Sonographic evaluation of peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Role of perfusion computed tomography in the evaluation of neck masses and correlation
Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of knee joint lesions
Role of ultrasonography in evaluation of various causes of pelvic pain in first trimester of pregnancy.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Angiography in the Evaluation of Diseases of Aorta and its Branches
MDCT fistulography in evaluation of fistula in Ano
Role of multislice CT in diagnosis of small intestine tumors
Role of high resolution CT in differentiation between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in children
A study of multidetector computed tomography urography in urinary tract abnormalities
Role of high resolution sonography in assessment of ulnar nerve in patients with leprosy.
Pre-operative radiological evaluation of locally aggressive and malignant musculoskeletal tumours by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
The role of ultrasound & MRI in acute pelvic inflammatory disease
Ultrasonography compared to computed tomographic arthrography in the evaluation of shoulder pain
Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.
The Role of Extended field-of-view Sonography and compound imaging in Evaluation of Breast Lesions
Evaluation of focal pancreatic lesions by Multidetector CT and perfusion CT
Evaluation of breast masses on sono-mammography and colour Doppler imaging
Role of CT virtual laryngoscopy in evaluation of laryngeal masses
Triple phase multi detector computed tomography in hepatic masses
Role of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of female infertility
Role of ultrasound and color Doppler imaging in assessment of acute abdomen due to female genetal causes
High resolution ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography in scrotal lesion
Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography with colour Doppler vs low dose computed tomography in salivary gland disease
Role of multidetector CT in diagnosis of salivary gland lesions
Comparison of diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in obstructive jaundice: A prospective study
Evaluation of varicose veins-comparative assessment of low dose CT venogram with sonography: pilot study
Role of mammotome in breast lesions
The role of interventional imaging procedures in the treatment of selected gynecological disorders
Role of transcranial ultrasound in diagnosis of neonatal brain insults
Role of multidetector CT virtual laryngoscopy in evaluation of laryngeal mass lesions
Evaluation of adnexal masses on sonomorphology and color Doppler imaginig
Role of radiological imaging in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma
Comprehensive imaging of renal masses by magnetic resonance imaging
The role of 3D & 4D ultrasonography in abnormalities of fetal abdomen
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and characterization of brain tumors in correlation with conventional MRI
Role of diffusion weighted MRI imaging in evaluation of cancer prostate
Role of multidetector CT in diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer
Role of multidetector computed tomography in the evaluation of paediatric retroperitoneal masses.
Comparative evaluation of gastric lesions by double contrast barium upper G.I. and multi detector computed tomography
Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease using ultrasound elastography
Role of MRI in assessment of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients
The role of sonoelastography in characterization of breast lesions
The influence of volumetric tumor doubling time on survival of patients with intracranial tumours
Role of perfusion computed tomography in characterization of colonic lesions
Role of proton MRI spectroscopy in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy
Role of Doppler ultrasound and multidetector CT angiography in evaluation of peripheral arterial diseases.
Role of multidetector computed tomography in paranasal sinus pathologies
Role of virtual endoscopy using MDCT in detection & evaluation of gastric pathologies
High resolution 3 Tesla MRI in the evaluation of ankle and hindfoot pain.
Transperineal ultrasonography in infants with anorectal malformation
CT portography using MDCT versus color Doppler in detection of varices in cirrhotic patients
Role of CT urography in the evaluation of a dilated ureter
Characterization of pulmonary nodules by dynamic contrast-enhanced multidetector CT
Comprehensive imaging of acute ischemic stroke on multidetector CT
The role of fetal MRI in the diagnosis of intrauterine neurological congenital anomalies
Role of Multidetector computed tomography in pediatric chest masses
Multimodality imaging in the evaluation of palpable & non-palpable breast lesion.
Sonographic Assessment Of Fetal Nasal Bone Length At 11-28 Gestational Weeks And Its Correlation With Fetal Outcome.
Role Of Sonoelastography And Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography In Evaluation Of Lymph Node Metastasis In Head And Neck Cancers
Role Of Renal Doppler And Shear Wave Elastography In Diabetic Nephropathy
Evaluation Of Relationship Between Various Grades Of Fatty Liver And Shear Wave Elastography Values
Evaluation and characterization of pelvic masses of gynecological origin by USG, color Doppler and MRI in females of reproductive age group
Radiological evaluation of small bowel diseases using computed tomographic enterography
Role of coronary CT angiography in patients of coronary artery disease
Role of multimodality imaging in the evaluation of pediatric neck masses
Role of CT in the evaluation of craniocerebral trauma
Role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of spinal dysraphism
Comparative evaluation of triple phase CT and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in patients with liver cirrhosis
Evaluation of the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease in patients evaluated by coronary angiography for suspected CAD
Assessment of hepatic fat content in fatty liver disease by unenhanced computed tomography
Correlation of vertebral marrow fat on spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MRI imaging with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Comparative evaluation of CT coronary angiography with conventional catheter coronary angiography
Ultrasound evaluation of kidney length & descending colon diameter in normal and intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses
A prospective study of hepatic vein waveform and splenoportal index in liver cirrhosis: correlation with child Pugh’s classification and presence of esophageal varices.
CT angiography to evaluate coronary artery by-pass graft patency in symptomatic patient’s functional assessment of myocardium by cardiac MRI in patients with myocardial infarction
MRI evaluation of HIV positive patients with central nervous system manifestations
MDCT evaluation of mediastinal and hilar masses
Evaluation of rotator cuff & labro-ligamentous complex lesions by MRI & MRI arthrography of shoulder joint
Role of imaging in the evaluation of soft tissue vascular malformation
Role of MRI and ultrasonography in the evaluation of multifidus muscle pathology in chronic low back pain patients
Role of ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions
Role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in evaluating dilated common bile duct in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease.
Comparative study of CT urography & hybrid CT urography in patients with haematuria.
Role of MRI in the evaluation of anorectal malformations
Comparison of ultrasound-Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging findings in rheumatoid arthritis of hand and wrist
Role of Doppler sonography in the evaluation of renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography for coronary artery disease.
Comparison of radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis.
Mr evaluation of painful hip
Role of MRI imaging in pretherapeutic assessment of oral and oropharyngeal malignancy
Evaluation of diffuse lung diseases by high resolution computed tomography of the chest
Mr evaluation of brain parenchyma in patients with craniosynostosis.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in dilated cardiomyopathy
Role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of early carcinoma prostate
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in white matter diseases
Role of sonoelastography in assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
Role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease
Role of H1 MRI spectroscopy in focal bone lesions of peripheral skeleton choline detection by MRI spectroscopy in breast cancer and its correlation with biomarkers and histological grade.
Ultrasound and MRI evaluation of axillary lymph node status in breast cancer.
Role of sonography and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating chronic lateral epicondylitis.
Comparative of sonography including Doppler and sonoelastography in cervical lymphadenopathy.
Evaluation of Umbilical Coiling Index as Predictor of Pregnancy Outcome.
Computerized Tomographic Evaluation of Azygoesophageal Recess in Adults.
Lumbar Facet Arthropathy in Low Backache.
“Urethral Injuries After Pelvic Trauma: Evaluation with Uretrography
Role Of Ct In Diagnosis Of Inflammatory Renal Diseases
Role Of Ct Virtual Laryngoscopy In Evaluation Of Laryngeal Masses
“Ct Portography Using Mdct Versus Color Doppler In Detection Of Varices In
Cirrhotic Patients”
Role Of Multidetector Ct In Characterization Of Renal Masses
Role Of Ct Virtual Cystoscopy In Diagnosis Of Urinary Bladder Neoplasia
Role Of Multislice Ct In Diagnosis Of Small Intestine Tumors
“Mri Flow Quantification In The Assessment Of The Commonest CSF Flow Abnormalities”
“The Role Of Fetal Mri In Diagnosis Of Intrauterine Neurological CongenitalAnomalies”
Role Of Transcranial Ultrasound In Diagnosis Of Neonatal Brain Insults
“The Role Of Interventional Imaging Procedures In The Treatment Of Selected Gynecological Disorders”
Role Of Radiological Imaging In Diagnosis Of Endometrial Carcinoma
“Role Of High-Resolution Ct In Differentiation Between Benign And Malignant Pulmonary Nodules In Children”
Role Of Ultrasonography In The Diagnosis Of Knee Joint Lesions
“Role Of Diagnostic Imaging Modalities In Evaluation Of Post Liver Transplantation Recipient Complications”
“Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Diagnosis And
Characterization Of Brain Tumors In Correlation With Conventional Mri”
The Role Of PET-CT In The Evaluation Of Hepatic Tumors
“Role Of Computerized Tomography In Evaluation Of Mediastinal Masses In Pediatric patients”
“Trans Vaginal Ultrasound And Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Female Urinary Incontinence”
Role Of Multidetector Ct In Diagnosis Of Urinary Bladder Cancer
“Role Of Transvaginal Ultrasound In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Female Infertility”
Role Of Diffusion-Weighted Mri Imaging In Evaluation Of Cancer Prostate
“Role Of Positron Emission Tomography With Computed Tomography In Diagnosis Of Cancer Thyroid”
The Role Of CT Urography In Case Of Haematuria
“Value Of Ultrasonography In Assessment Of Acute Abdominal Diseases In Pediatric Age Group”
“Role Of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Making Brain Tumor Surgery Safer”
The Role Of Sonoelastography In Characterization Of Breast Lesions
“Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) In Assessment Of Pediatric Biliary Lesions”
“Role Of Ultrasound And Color Doppler Imaging In Assessment Of Acute Abdomen Due To Female Genital Causes”
“Role Of Multidetector Ct Virtual Laryngoscopy In Evaluation Of Laryngeal Mass Lesions”
MRI Of The Postoperative Knee
Role Of Mri In Assessment Of Valvular Heart Diseases
The Role Of 3D & 4D Ultrasonography In Abnormalities Of Fetal Abdomen
State Of The Art Of Mri In Diagnosis Of Hepatic Focal Lesions
Role Of Multidetector Ct In Diagnosis Of Salivary Gland Lesions
“Role Of Virtual Endoscopy Using Mdct In Detection & Evaluation Of Gastric Pathologies”
The Role Of Ultrasound & Mri In Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
“Diagnosis & Staging Of Liver Fibrosis By Ultraso Und Elastography In
Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases”
Role Of Mri In Evaluation Of Spinal Trauma
Validity Of Mri In Diagnosis Of Congenital Anorectal Anomalies
Imaging Of Vascular Complication After Liver Transplantation
“Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography And Digital Breast Tomosynthesis In Early Diagnosis Of Breast Lesion”
Role Of Mammotome In Breast Lesions
“Role Of MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) In Assessment Of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries”
“Prediction Of Pre-eclampsia And Fetal Growth Restriction By Uterine Artery Doppler”
“Role Of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography In Assessment Of Maxillofacial Trauma”
“Role Of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Assessment Of Neoplastic And Inflammatory Brain Lesions”
Role Of Diffusion Mri In Preoperative Evaluation Of Brain Neoplasms
“Role Of Multidetector Ct Virtual Hysteroscopy In The Detection Of The
Uterine & Tubal Causes Of Female Infertility”
Role Of Advances Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences In Multiple Sclerosis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In Multiple Sclerosis
“Role Of Conventional Mri, And Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography In Evaluation Of Congenital Brain Malformations”
Role Of MRI In Evaluation Of Spinal Trauma
Diagnostic Role Of Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging In Neck Masses
“The Role Of Transvaginal Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Diagnosis & Evaluation Of Cancer Cervix”
“Role Of 3d Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tractography In Assessment Of White Matter Tracts Compromise In Supra Tentorial Tumors”
Role Of Proton MR Spectroscopy In The Evaluation Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Role Of Multislice Computed Tomography In Evaluation Of Crohn’s Disease
Role Of MRI In Assessment Of Hydrocephalus In Pediatric Patients
The Role Of MRI In Diagnosis And Staging Of Urinary Bladder Carcinoma
USG and MRI correlation of congenital CNS anomalies
HRCT in interstitial lung disease
X-Ray, CT and MRI correlation of bone tumors
“Study on the diagnostic and prognostic utility of X-Rays for cases of pulmonary tuberculosis under RNTCP”
“Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the characterization of female adnexal pathology”
“CT angiography of carotid atherosclerosis and NECT brain in cerebral ischemia, a correlative analysis”
Role of CT scan in the evaluation of paranasal sinus pathology
USG and MRI correlation on shoulder joint pathology
“Radiological evaluation of a patient presenting with extrapulmonary tuberculosis”
CT and MRI correlation in focal liver lesions”
Comparison of MDCT virtual cystoscopy with conventional cystoscopy in bladder tumors”
“Bleeding vessels in life-threatening hemoptysis: Comparison of 64 detector row CT angiography with conventional angiography prior to endovascular management”
“Role of transarterial chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma”
“Comparison of color flow duplex study with digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of peripheral vascular disease”
“A Study to assess the efficacy of magnetization transfer ratio in differentiating tuberculoma from neurocysticercosis”
“MR evaluation of uterine mass lesions in correlation with transabdominal, transvaginal ultrasound using HPE as a gold standard”
“The Role of power Doppler imaging with trans rectal ultrasonogram guided prostate biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer”
“Lower limb arteries assessed with doppler angiography – A prospective comparative study with multidetector CT angiography”
“Comparison of sildenafil with papaverine in penile doppler by assessing hemodynamic changes”
“Evaluation of efficacy of sonosalphingogram for assessing tubal patency in infertile patients with hysterosalpingogram as the gold standard”
Role of CT enteroclysis in the evaluation of small bowel diseases
“MRI colonography versus conventional colonoscopy in the detection of colonic polyposis”
“Magnetic Resonance Imaging of anteroposterior diameter of the midbrain – differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease”
“MRI Evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament tears with arthroscopic correlation”
“The Clinicoradiological profile of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with prognostic evaluation using MR sequences”
“Role of MRI in the evaluation of pelvic floor integrity in stress incontinent patients” “Doppler ultrasound evaluation of hepatic venous waveform in portal hypertension before and after propranolol”
“Role of transrectal sonography with colour doppler and MRI in evaluation of prostatic lesions with TRUS guided biopsy correlation”
“Ultrasonographic evaluation of painful shoulders and correlation of rotator cuff pathologies and clinical examination”
“Colour Doppler Evaluation of Common Adult Hepatic tumors More Than 2 Cm with HPE and CECT Correlation”
“Clinical Relevance of MR Urethrography in Obliterative Posterior Urethral Stricture”
“Prediction of Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Growth Restricted Fetuses with Antenatal Doppler Study”
Radiological evaluation of spinal dysraphism using CT and MRI
“Evaluation of temporal bone in cholesteatoma patients by high resolution computed tomography”
“Radiological evaluation of primary brain tumours using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging”
“Three dimensional colour doppler sonographic assessment of changes in volume and vascularity of fibroids – before and after uterine artery embolization”
“In phase opposed phase imaging of bone marrow differentiating neoplastic lesions”
“Role of dynamic MRI in replacing the isotope renogram in the functional evaluation of PUJ obstruction”
Characterization of adrenal masses with contrast-enhanced CT – washout study
A study on accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
“Evaluation of median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome by high-frequency ultrasound & color doppler in comparison with nerve conduction studies”
“Correlation of Agatston score in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease following STEMI”
“Doppler ultrasound assessment of tumor vascularity in locally advanced breast cancer at diagnosis and following primary systemic chemotherapy.”
“Validation of two-dimensional perineal ultrasound and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in pelvic floor dysfunction.”
“Role of MR urethrography compared to conventional urethrography in the surgical management of obliterative urethral stricture.”

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Free Resources for Preparing Radiology Thesis

Radiology thesis topics- Benha University – Free to download thesis
Radiology thesis topics – Faculty of Medical Science Delhi
Radiology thesis topics – IPGMER
Fetal Radiology thesis Protocols
Radiology thesis and dissertation topics
Radiographics

Proofreading Your Thesis:

Make sure you use Grammarly to correct your spelling , grammar , and plagiarism for your thesis. Grammarly has affordable paid subscriptions, windows/macOS apps, and FREE browser extensions. It is an excellent tool to avoid inadvertent spelling mistakes in your research projects. It has an extensive built-in vocabulary, but you should make an account and add your own medical glossary to it.

Grammarly spelling and grammar correction app for thesis

Guidelines for Writing a Radiology Thesis:

These are general guidelines and not about radiology specifically. You can share these with colleagues from other departments as well. Special thanks to Dr. Sanjay Yadav sir for these. This section is best seen on a desktop. Here are a couple of handy presentations to start writing a thesis:

Read the general guidelines for writing a thesis (the page will take some time to load- more than 70 pages!

A format for thesis protocol with a sample patient information sheet, sample patient consent form, sample application letter for thesis, and sample certificate.

Resources and References:

Guidelines for thesis writing.
Format for thesis protocol
Thesis protocol writing guidelines DNB
Informed consent form for Research studies from AIIMS
Radiology Informed consent forms in local Indian languages.
Sample Informed Consent form for Research in Hindi
Guide to write a thesis by Dr. P R Sharma
Guidelines for thesis writing by Dr. Pulin Gupta.
Preparing MD/DNB thesis by A Indrayan
Another good thesis reference protocol

Hopefully, this post will make the tedious task of writing a Radiology thesis a little bit easier for you. Best of luck with writing your thesis and your residency too!

More guides for residents :

Guide for the MD/DMRD/DNB radiology exam!
Guide for First-Year Radiology Residents
FRCR Exam: THE Most Comprehensive Guide (2022)!
Radiology Practical Exams Questions compilation for MD/DNB/DMRD !
Radiology Exam Resources (Oral Recalls, Instruments, etc )!
Tips and Tricks for DNB/MD Radiology Practical Exam
FRCR 2B exam- Tips and Tricks !
FRCR exam preparation – An alternative take!
Why did I take up Radiology?
Radiology Conferences – A comprehensive guide!
ECR (European Congress Of Radiology)
European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR) – The Complete Guide!
Radiology NEET PG guide – How to select THE best college for post-graduation in Radiology (includes personal insights)!
Interventional Radiology – All Your Questions Answered!

What It Means To Be A Radiologist: A Guide For Medical Students!

Radiology Mentors for Medical Students (Post NEET-PG)

MD vs DNB Radiology: Which Path is Right for Your Career?

DNB Radiology OSCE – Tips and Tricks

More radiology resources here: Radiology resources This page will be updated regularly. Kindly leave your feedback in the comments or send us a message here . Also, you can comment below regarding your department’s thesis topics.

Note: All topics have been compiled from available online resources. If anyone has an issue with any radiology thesis topics displayed here, you can message us here , and we can delete them. These are only sample guidelines. Thesis guidelines differ from institution to institution.

Image source: Thesis complete! (2018). Flickr. Retrieved 12 August 2018, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/cowlet/354911838 by Victoria Catterson

About The Author

Dr. amar udare, md, related posts ↓.

7 thoughts on “Radiology Thesis – More than 400 Research Topics (2022)!”

Amazing & The most helpful site for Radiology residents…

Thank you for your kind comments 🙂

Dr. I saw your Tips is very amazing and referable. But Dr. Can you help me with the thesis of Evaluation of Diagnostic accuracy of X-ray radiograph in knee joint lesion.

Wow! These are excellent stuff. You are indeed a teacher. God bless

Glad you liked these!

happy to see this

Glad I could help :).

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Radiology Research Paper Topics

Radiology research paper topics encompass a wide range of fascinating areas within the field of medical imaging. This page aims to provide students studying health sciences with a comprehensive collection of radiology research paper topics to inspire and guide their research endeavors. By delving into various categories and exploring ten thought-provoking topics within each, students can gain insights into the diverse research possibilities in radiology. From advancements in imaging technology to the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and the impact of radiological interventions, these topics offer a glimpse into the exciting world of radiology research. Additionally, expert advice is provided to help students choose the most suitable research topics and navigate the process of writing a research paper in radiology. By leveraging iResearchNet’s writing services, students can further enhance their research papers with professional assistance, ensuring the highest quality and adherence to academic standards. Explore the realm of radiology research paper topics and unleash your potential to contribute to the advancement of medical imaging and patient care.

100 Radiology Research Paper Topics

Radiology encompasses a broad spectrum of imaging techniques used to diagnose diseases, monitor treatment progress, and guide interventions. This comprehensive list of radiology research paper topics serves as a valuable resource for students in the field of health sciences who are seeking inspiration and guidance for their research endeavors. The following ten categories highlight different areas within radiology, each containing ten thought-provoking topics. Exploring these topics will provide students with a deeper understanding of the diverse research possibilities and current trends within the field of radiology.

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Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

Comparative analysis of imaging modalities: CT, MRI, and PET-CT.
The role of artificial intelligence in radiological image interpretation.
Advancements in digital mammography for breast cancer screening.
Emerging techniques in nuclear medicine imaging.
Image-guided biopsy: Enhancing accuracy and safety.
Application of radiomics in predicting treatment response.
Dual-energy CT: Expanding diagnostic capabilities.
Radiological evaluation of traumatic brain injuries.
Imaging techniques for evaluating cardiovascular diseases.
Radiographic evaluation of pulmonary nodules: Challenges and advancements.

Interventional Radiology

Minimally invasive treatments for liver tumors: Embolization techniques.
Radiofrequency ablation in the management of renal cell carcinoma.
Role of interventional radiology in the treatment of peripheral artery disease.
Transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Evaluation of uterine artery embolization for the treatment of fibroids.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: Efficacy and complications.
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Long-term outcomes.
Interventional radiology in the management of deep vein thrombosis.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Imaging considerations.
Emerging techniques in interventional oncology.

Radiation Safety and Dose Optimization

Strategies for reducing radiation dose in pediatric imaging.
Imaging modalities with low radiation exposure: Current advancements.
Effective use of dose monitoring systems in radiology departments.
The impact of artificial intelligence on radiation dose optimization.
Optimization of radiation therapy treatment plans: Balancing efficacy and safety.
Radioprotective measures for patients and healthcare professionals.
The role of radiology in addressing radiation-induced risks.
Evaluating the long-term effects of radiation exposure in diagnostic imaging.
Radiation dose tracking and reporting: Implementing best practices.
Patient education and communication regarding radiation risks.

Radiology in Oncology

Imaging techniques for early detection and staging of lung cancer.
Quantitative imaging biomarkers for predicting treatment response in solid tumors.
Radiogenomics: Linking imaging features to genetic profiles in cancer.
The role of imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis.
Radiological evaluation of lymphoma: Challenges and advancements.
Imaging-guided interventions in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Assessment of tumor heterogeneity using functional imaging techniques.
Radiomics and machine learning in predicting treatment outcomes in cancer.
Multimodal imaging in the evaluation of brain tumors.
Imaging surveillance after cancer treatment: Optimizing follow-up protocols.

Radiology in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Imaging modalities in the evaluation of sports-related injuries.
The role of imaging in diagnosing and monitoring rheumatoid arthritis.
Assessment of bone health using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Imaging techniques for evaluating osteoarthritis progression.
Imaging-guided interventions in the management of musculoskeletal tumors.
Role of imaging in diagnosing and managing spinal disorders.
Evaluation of traumatic injuries using radiography, CT, and MRI.
Imaging of joint prostheses: Complications and assessment techniques.
Imaging features and classifications of bone fractures.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound in the diagnosis of soft tissue injuries.

Neuroradiology

Advanced neuroimaging techniques for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.
Imaging evaluation of acute stroke: Current guidelines and advancements.
Role of functional MRI in mapping brain functions.
Imaging of brain tumors: Classification and treatment planning.
Diffusion tensor imaging in assessing white matter integrity.
Neuroimaging in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis.
Imaging techniques for the assessment of epilepsy.
Radiological evaluation of neurovascular diseases.
Imaging of cranial nerve disorders: Diagnosis and management.
Radiological assessment of developmental brain abnormalities.

Pediatric Radiology

Radiation dose reduction strategies in pediatric imaging.
Imaging evaluation of congenital heart diseases in children.
Role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of pediatric oncology.
Imaging of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders.
Evaluation of developmental hip dysplasia using ultrasound and radiography.
Imaging features and management of pediatric musculoskeletal infections.
Neuroimaging in the assessment of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.
Radiological evaluation of pediatric respiratory conditions.
Imaging techniques for the evaluation of pediatric abdominal emergencies.
Imaging-guided interventions in pediatric patients.

Breast Imaging

Advances in digital mammography for early breast cancer detection.
The role of tomosynthesis in breast imaging.
Imaging evaluation of breast implants: Complications and assessment.
Radiogenomic analysis of breast cancer subtypes.
Contrast-enhanced mammography: Diagnostic benefits and challenges.
Emerging techniques in breast MRI for high-risk populations.
Evaluation of breast density and its implications for cancer risk.
Role of molecular breast imaging in dense breast tissue evaluation.
Radiological evaluation of male breast disorders.
The impact of artificial intelligence on breast cancer screening.

Cardiac Imaging

Imaging evaluation of coronary artery disease: Current techniques and challenges.
Role of cardiac CT angiography in the assessment of structural heart diseases.
Imaging of cardiac tumors: Diagnosis and treatment considerations.
Advanced imaging techniques for assessing myocardial viability.
Evaluation of valvular heart diseases using echocardiography and MRI.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of cardiomyopathies.
Role of nuclear cardiology in the assessment of cardiac function.
Imaging evaluation of congenital heart diseases in adults.
Radiological assessment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Imaging-guided interventions in structural heart diseases.

Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging

Evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases using imaging techniques.
Imaging features and classification of renal masses.
Radiological assessment of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Imaging evaluation of pancreatic diseases: Challenges and advancements.
Evaluation of pelvic floor disorders using MRI and ultrasound.
Role of imaging in diagnosing and staging gynecological cancers.
Imaging of abdominal and pelvic trauma: Current guidelines and techniques.
Radiological evaluation of genitourinary disorders.
Imaging features of abdominal and pelvic infections.
Assessment of abdominal and pelvic vascular diseases using imaging techniques.

This comprehensive list of radiology research paper topics highlights the vast range of research possibilities within the field of medical imaging. Each category offers unique insights and avenues for exploration, enabling students to delve into various aspects of radiology. By choosing a topic of interest and relevance, students can contribute to the advancement of medical imaging and patient care. The provided topics serve as a starting point for students to engage in in-depth research and produce high-quality research papers.

Radiology: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Introduction: Radiology plays a crucial role in modern healthcare, providing valuable insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various medical conditions. As a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, radiology offers a wide range of research opportunities for students in the health sciences. This article aims to explore the diverse spectrum of research paper topics within radiology, shedding light on the current trends, innovations, and challenges in the field.

Radiology in Diagnostic Imaging : Diagnostic imaging is one of the core areas of radiology, encompassing various modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. Research topics in this domain may include advancements in imaging techniques, comparative analysis of modalities, radiomics, and the integration of artificial intelligence in image interpretation. Students can explore how these technological advancements enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve patient outcomes, and optimize radiation exposure.

Interventional Radiology : Interventional radiology focuses on minimally invasive procedures performed under image guidance. Research topics in this area can cover a wide range of interventions, such as angioplasty, embolization, radiofrequency ablation, and image-guided biopsies. Students can delve into the latest techniques, outcomes, and complications associated with interventional procedures, as well as explore the emerging role of interventional radiology in managing various conditions, including vascular diseases, cancer, and pain management.

Radiation Safety and Dose Optimization : Radiation safety is a critical aspect of radiology practice. Research in this field aims to minimize radiation exposure to patients and healthcare professionals while maintaining optimal diagnostic image quality. Topics may include strategies for reducing radiation dose in pediatric imaging, dose monitoring systems, the impact of artificial intelligence on radiation dose optimization, and radioprotective measures. Students can investigate how to strike a balance between effective imaging and patient safety, exploring advancements in dose reduction techniques and the implementation of best practices.

Radiology in Oncology : Radiology plays a vital role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment response assessment in cancer patients. Research topics in this area can encompass the use of imaging techniques for early detection, tumor characterization, response prediction, and treatment planning. Students can explore the integration of radiomics, machine learning, and molecular imaging in oncology research, as well as advancements in functional imaging and image-guided interventions.

Radiology in Neuroimaging : Neuroimaging is a specialized field within radiology that focuses on imaging the brain and central nervous system. Research topics in neuroimaging can cover areas such as stroke imaging, neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, neurovascular disorders, and functional imaging for mapping brain functions. Students can explore the latest imaging techniques, image analysis tools, and their clinical applications in understanding and diagnosing various neurological conditions.

Radiology in Musculoskeletal Imaging : Musculoskeletal imaging involves the evaluation of bone, joint, and soft tissue disorders. Research topics in this area can encompass imaging techniques for sports-related injuries, arthritis, musculoskeletal tumors, spinal disorders, and trauma. Students can explore the role of advanced imaging modalities such as MRI and ultrasound in diagnosing and managing musculoskeletal conditions, as well as the use of imaging-guided interventions for treatment.

Pediatric Radiology : Pediatric radiology focuses on imaging children, who have unique anatomical and physiological considerations. Research topics in this field may include radiation dose reduction strategies in pediatric imaging, imaging evaluation of congenital anomalies, pediatric oncology imaging, and imaging assessment of developmental disorders. Students can explore how to tailor imaging protocols for children, minimize radiation exposure, and improve diagnostic accuracy in pediatric patients.

Breast Imaging : Breast imaging is essential for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Research topics in this area can cover advancements in mammography, tomosynthesis, breast MRI, and molecular imaging. Students can explore topics related to breast density, imaging-guided biopsies, breast cancer screening, and the impact of artificial intelligence in breast imaging. Additionally, they can investigate the use of imaging techniques for evaluating breast implants and assessing high-risk populations.

Cardiac Imaging : Cardiac imaging focuses on the evaluation of heart structure and function. Research topics in this field may include imaging techniques for coronary artery disease, valvular heart diseases, cardiomyopathies, and cardiac tumors. Students can explore the role of cardiac CT, MRI, nuclear cardiology, and echocardiography in diagnosing and managing various cardiac conditions. Additionally, they can investigate the use of imaging in guiding interventional procedures and assessing treatment outcomes.

Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging : Abdominal and pelvic imaging involves the evaluation of organs and structures within the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Research topics in this area can encompass imaging of the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, genitourinary system, and pelvic floor. Students can explore topics related to imaging techniques, evaluation of specific diseases or conditions, and the role of imaging in guiding interventions. Additionally, they can investigate emerging modalities such as elastography and diffusion-weighted imaging in abdominal and pelvic imaging.

Radiology offers a vast array of research opportunities for students in the field of health sciences. The topics discussed in this article provide a glimpse into the breadth and depth of research possibilities within radiology. By exploring these research areas, students can contribute to advancements in diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient care. With the rapid evolution of imaging technologies and the integration of artificial intelligence, the future of radiology research holds immense potential for improving healthcare outcomes.

Choosing Radiology Research Paper Topics

Introduction: Selecting a research topic is a crucial step in the journey of writing a radiology research paper. It determines the focus of your study and influences the impact your research can have in the field. To help you make an informed choice, we have compiled expert advice on selecting radiology research paper topics. By following these tips, you can identify a relevant and engaging research topic that aligns with your interests and contributes to the advancement of radiology knowledge.

Identify Your Interests : Start by reflecting on your own interests within the field of radiology. Consider which subspecialties or areas of radiology intrigue you the most. Are you interested in diagnostic imaging, interventional radiology, radiation safety, oncology imaging, or any other specific area? Identifying your interests will guide you in selecting a topic that excites you and keeps you motivated throughout the research process.
Stay Updated on Current Trends : Keep yourself updated on the latest advancements, breakthroughs, and emerging trends in radiology. Read scientific journals, attend conferences, and engage in discussions with experts in the field. By staying informed, you can identify gaps in knowledge or areas that require further investigation, providing you with potential research topics that are timely and relevant.
Consult with Faculty or Mentors : Seek guidance from your faculty members or mentors who are experienced in the field of radiology. They can provide valuable insights into potential research areas, ongoing projects, and research gaps. Discuss your research interests with them and ask for their suggestions and recommendations. Their expertise and guidance can help you narrow down your research topic and refine your research question.
Conduct a Literature Review : Conducting a thorough literature review is an essential step in choosing a research topic. It allows you to familiarize yourself with the existing body of knowledge, identify research gaps, and build a strong foundation for your study. Analyze recent research papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses related to radiology to identify areas that need further investigation or where controversies exist.
Brainstorm Research Questions : Once you have gained an understanding of the current state of research in radiology, brainstorm potential research questions. Consider the gaps or controversies you identified during your literature review. Develop research questions that address these gaps and contribute to the existing knowledge. Ensure that your research questions are clear, focused, and answerable within the scope of your study.
Consider the Practicality and Feasibility : When selecting a research topic, consider the practicality and feasibility of conducting the study. Evaluate the availability of resources, access to data, research facilities, and ethical considerations. Assess the time frame and potential constraints that may impact your research. Choosing a topic that is feasible within your given resources and time frame will ensure a successful and manageable research experience.
Collaborate with Peers : Consider collaborating with your peers or forming a research group to enhance your research experience. Collaborative research allows for a sharing of ideas, resources, and expertise, fostering a supportive environment. By working together, you can explore more complex research topics, conduct multicenter studies, and generate more impactful findings.
Seek Multidisciplinary Perspectives : Radiology intersects with various other medical disciplines. Consider exploring interdisciplinary research topics that integrate radiology with fields such as oncology, cardiology, neurology, or orthopedics. By incorporating multidisciplinary perspectives, you can address complex healthcare challenges and contribute to a broader understanding of patient care.
Choose a Topic with Clinical Relevance : Select a research topic that has direct clinical relevance. Focus on topics that can potentially influence patient outcomes, improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment strategies, or enhance patient safety. By choosing a clinically relevant topic, you can contribute to the advancement of radiology practice and have a positive impact on patient care.
Seek Ethical Considerations : Ensure that your research topic adheres to ethical considerations in radiology research. Patient privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent should be prioritized when conducting studies involving human subjects. Familiarize yourself with the ethical guidelines and regulations specific to radiology research and ensure that your study design and data collection methods are in line with these principles.

Choosing a radiology research paper topic requires careful consideration and alignment with your interests, expertise, and the current trends in the field. By following the expert advice provided in this section, you can select a research topic that is engaging, relevant, and contributes to the advancement of radiology knowledge. Remember to consult with mentors, conduct a thorough literature review, and consider practicality and feasibility. With a well-chosen research topic, you can embark on an exciting journey of exploration, innovation, and contribution to the field of radiology.

How to Write a Radiology Research Paper

Introduction: Writing a radiology research paper requires a systematic approach and attention to detail. It is essential to effectively communicate your research findings, methodology, and conclusions to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field. In this section, we will provide you with valuable tips on how to write a successful radiology research paper. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your paper is well-structured, informative, and impactful.

Define the Research Question : Start by clearly defining your research question or objective. It serves as the foundation of your research paper and guides your entire study. Ensure that your research question is specific, focused, and relevant to the field of radiology. Clearly articulate the purpose of your study and its potential implications.
Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Before diving into writing, conduct a comprehensive literature review to familiarize yourself with the existing body of knowledge in your research area. Identify key studies, seminal papers, and relevant research articles that will support your research. Analyze and synthesize the literature to identify gaps, controversies, or areas for further investigation.
Develop a Well-Structured Outline : Create a clear and well-structured outline for your research paper. An outline serves as a roadmap and helps you organize your thoughts, arguments, and evidence. Divide your paper into logical sections such as introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Ensure a logical flow of ideas and information throughout the paper.
Write an Engaging Introduction : The introduction is the opening section of your research paper and should capture the reader’s attention. Start with a compelling hook that introduces the importance of the research topic. Provide background information, context, and the rationale for your study. Clearly state the research question or objective and outline the structure of your paper.
Conduct Rigorous Methodology : Describe your research methodology in detail, ensuring transparency and reproducibility. Explain your study design, data collection methods, sample size, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and statistical analyses. Clearly outline the steps you took to ensure scientific rigor and address potential biases. Include any ethical considerations and institutional review board approvals, if applicable.
Present Clear and Concise Results : Present your research findings in a clear, concise, and organized manner. Use tables, figures, and charts to visually represent your data. Provide accurate and relevant statistical analyses to support your results. Explain the significance and implications of your findings and their alignment with your research question.
Analyze and Interpret Results : In the discussion section, analyze and interpret your research results in the context of existing literature. Compare and contrast your findings with previous studies, highlighting similarities, differences, and potential explanations. Discuss any limitations or challenges encountered during the study and propose areas for future research.
Ensure Clear and Coherent Writing : Maintain clarity, coherence, and precision in your writing. Use concise and straightforward language to convey your ideas effectively. Avoid jargon or excessive technical terms that may hinder understanding. Clearly define any acronyms or abbreviations used in your paper. Ensure that each paragraph has a clear topic sentence and flows smoothly into the next.
Citations and References : Properly cite all the sources used in your research paper. Follow the citation style recommended by your institution or the journal you intend to submit to (e.g., APA, MLA, or Chicago). Include in-text citations for direct quotes, paraphrased information, or any borrowed ideas. Create a comprehensive reference list at the end of your paper, following the formatting guidelines.
Revise and Edit : Take the time to revise and edit your research paper before final submission. Review the content, structure, and organization of your paper. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and typos. Ensure that your paper adheres to the specified word count and formatting guidelines. Seek feedback from colleagues or mentors to gain valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.

Conclusion: Writing a radiology research paper requires careful planning, attention to detail, and effective communication. By following the tips provided in this section, you can write a well-structured and impactful research paper in the field of radiology. Define a clear research question, conduct a thorough literature review, develop a strong outline, and present your findings with clarity. Remember to adhere to proper citation guidelines and revise your paper before submission. With these guidelines in mind, you can contribute to the advancement of radiology knowledge and make a meaningful impact in the field.

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Radiography is the use of X-rays or gamma rays to examine non-uniformly composed material; images are recorded on a sensitized surface, such as photographic film or a digital detector. Medical radiography includes examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes, such as detecting fractures or a bowel obstruction.

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Radiology Dissertation topics – Based on The Latest Study and Research

Published by Ellie Cross at December 29th, 2022 , Revised On May 16, 2024

A dissertation is an essential part of the radiology curriculum for an MD, DNB, or DMRD degree programme. Dissertations in radiology can be very tricky and challenging due to the complexity of the subject.

Students must conduct thorough research to develop a first-class dissertation that makes a valuable contribution to the file of radiology. The first step is to choose a well-defined and clear research topic for the dissertation.

We have provided some interesting and focused ideas to help you get started. Choose one that motivates you so you don’t lose your interest in the research work halfway through the process.

List of Radiology Dissertation Topics

The use of computed tomography and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer
MRI diffusion tensor imaging is used to evaluate traumatic spinal injury
Analysing digital colour and subtraction in comparison patients with occlusive arterial disorders and Doppler
Functional magnetic resonance imaging is essential for ensuring the security of brain tumour surgery
Doppler uterine artery preeclampsia prediction
Utilising greyscale and Doppler ultrasonography to assess newborn cholestasis
MRI’s reliability in detecting congenital anorectal anomalies
Multivessel research on intrauterine growth restriction (arterial, venous) Doppler speed
Perfusion computed tomography is used to evaluate cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and vascular permeability for brain neoplasms
In post-radiotherapy treated gliomas, compare perfusion magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify recurrence
Using multidetector computed tomography, pediatric retroperitoneal masses are evaluated. Tomography
Female factor infertility: the role of three-dimensional multidetector CT hysterosalpingography
Combining triphasic computed tomography with son elastography allows for assessing localised liver lesions
Analysing the effects of magnetic resonance imaging and transperineally ultrasonography on female urinary stress incontinence
Using dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, evaluate endometrial lesions
For the early diagnosis of breast lesions, digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammography are also available
Using magnetic resonance imaging and colour Doppler flow, assess portal hypertension
Magnesium resonance imaging enables the assessment of musculoskeletal issues
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a crucial diagnostic technique for neoplastic or inflammatory brain lesions
Children with chest ailments that are HIV-infected and have a radiological spectrum high-resolution ultrasound for childhood neck lumps
Ultrasonography is useful when determining the causes of pelvic discomfort in the first trimester
Magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate diseases of the aorta or its branches. Angiography’s function
Children’s pulmonary nodules can be distinguished between benign and malignant using high-resolution CT
Research on multidetector computed urography for treating diseases of the urinary tract
The evaluation of the ulnar nerve in leprosy patients involves significantly high-resolution sonography
Using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, radiologists evaluate musculoskeletal tumours that are malignant and locally aggressive before surgery
The function of MRI and ultrasonography in acute pelvic inflammatory disorders
Ultrasonography is more efficient than computed tomographic arthrography for evaluating shoulder discomfort
For patients with blunt abdominal trauma, multidetector computed tomography is a crucial tool
Compound imaging and expanded field-of-view sonography in the evaluation of breast lesions
Focused pancreatic lesions are assessed using multidetector CT and perfusion CT
Ct virtual laryngoscopy is used to evaluate laryngeal masses
In the liver masses, triple-phase multidetector computed tomography
The effect of increasing the volume of brain tumours on patient survival
Colonic lesions can be diagnosed using perfusion computed tomography
A role for proton MRI spectroscopy in the diagnosis and management of temporal lobe epilepsy
Functions of multidetector CT and Doppler ultrasonography in assessing peripheral arterial disease
There is a function for multidetector computed tomography in paranasal sinus illness
In neonates with an anorectal malformation, transperineal ultrasound
Using multidetector CT, comprehensive imaging of an acute ischemic stroke is performed
The diagnosis of intrauterine neurological congenital disorders requires the use of fetal MRI
Children with chest masses may benefit from multidetector computed angiography
Multimodal imaging for the evaluation of palpable and non-palpable breast lesions
As measured by sonography and in relation to fetal outcome, fetal nasal bone length at 11–28 gestational days
Relationship between bone mineral density, diffusion-weighted MRI imaging, and vertebral marrow fat in postmenopausal women
A comparison of the traditional catheter and CT coronary imaging angiogram of the heart
Evaluation of the descending colon’s length and diameter using ultrasound in normal and intrauterine-restricted fetuses
Investigation of the hepatic vein waveform in liver cirrhosis prospectively. A connection to Child Pugh’s categorisation
Functional assessment of coronary artery bypass graft patency in symptomatic patients using CT angiography
MRI and MRI arthrography evaluation of the labour-ligamentous complex lesion in the shoulder
The evaluation of soft tissue vascular abnormalities involves imaging
Colour Doppler ultrasound and high-resolution ultrasound for scrotal lesions
Comparison of low-dose computed tomography and ultrasonography with colour Doppler for diagnosing salivary gland disorders
The use of multidetector CT to diagnose lesions of the salivary glands
Low dose CT venogram and sonography comparison for evaluating varicose veins: a pilot study
Comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and triple phase CT in patients with liver cirrhosis
Carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease are examined in individuals with coronary angiography for suspected CAD
Unenhanced computed tomography assessment of hepatic fat levels in fatty liver disease
Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and vertebral marrow fat on spectroscopic and diffusion-weighted MRI images are correlated
Evaluation of CT coronary angiography against traditional catheter coronary angiography in comparison
High-frequency ultrasonography and colour Doppler evaluation of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome in contrast to nerve conduction tests
Role of MR urethrography in the surgical therapy of obliterative urethral stricture compared to conventional urethrography
High-resolution computed tomography evaluation of the temporal bone in cholesteatoma patients.
Ultrasonographic assessment of sore shoulders and linkage of clinical examination and rotator cuff diseases
A Study to Evaluate the Performance of Magnetisation Transfer Ratio in Distinguishing Neurocysticercosis from Tuberculoma
Deep learning applications in radiology diagnostics.
Radiomics for personalised cancer therapy.
AI-driven image enhancement techniques in radiology.
Role of virtual reality in radiology education.
Nanotechnology advancements in radiology imaging.
Radiogenomics for predicting treatment response.
IoT-enabled devices for remote radiology consultations.
Biomarker discovery through radiological imaging.
3D printing in pre-surgical planning for radiology.
Radiological imaging for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease.
Applications of machine learning in radiology workflow optimization.
Radiological imaging modalities for sports injuries assessment.
Role of radiology in assessing COVID-19 complications.
Interventional radiology techniques for stroke management.
Automated reporting systems in radiology.
Radiology-guided minimally invasive surgeries.
Quantitative imaging for assessing tumour heterogeneity.
Big data analytics in radiology for population health.
Augmented reality for intraoperative radiological guidance.
Radiological imaging in assessing cardiovascular risks.
Radiology applications in detecting rare diseases.
Role of radiology in precision medicine.
Artificial intelligence for improving mammography accuracy.
Radiological imaging is used to monitor Parkinson’s disease progression.
Tele-radiology applications in resource-limited settings.
Radiological imaging in pediatric orthopaedics.
Artificial intelligence for improving CT image reconstruction.
Role of radiology in assessing infectious diseases.
Radiological imaging for assessing lung fibrosis.
3D visualization techniques in radiology reporting.
Radiology applications in evaluating renal disorders.
Imaging biomarkers for predicting dementia risk.
Radiomics for predicting treatment response in prostate cancer.

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Final Words

You can use or get inspired by our selection of the best radiology diss. You can also check our list of critical care nursing dissertation topics and biology dissertation topics because these areas also relate to the discipline of medical sciences.

Choosing an impactful radiology dissertation topic is a daunting task. There is a lot of patience, time and effort that goes into the whole process. However, we have tried to simplify it for you by providing a list of amazing and unique radiology dissertation topics for you. We hope you find this blog helpful.

Also learn about our dissertation services here .

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Research recent advancements.
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Most Popular Radiology Topics in 2021

Reading Time: 4 minutes read

A review of the most-read blogs on Everything Rad in 2021.

What were the most popular radiology topics covered in Everything Rad in 2021? Artificial intelligence topped the list, followed by the future of medical imaging. Close behind are blogs about innovations in X-ray equipment, and imaging during COVID. Blogs about the impact of empowered patients are also among the 10 most popular blogs published on Everything Rad in 2021. Dive in a little deeper in the summaries below.

An image listing some of the top topics in radiology include AI, COVID imaging and patient satisfaction.

AI applications in radiology – that you can put to work today .

The potential to apply artificial intelligence applications to radiology has generated strong interest for several years. But in 2021, readers were most interested in our blogs about AI applications that you can put to work today to help improve image quality and productivity. These 3 blogs are among the most read blogs on Everything Rad.

Smart Noise Cancellation

Applying AI in Radiology to Optimize Workflow

AI Features in Radiology to Adopt Today

The future of medical imaging .

Our blog on Key Trends Shaping the Future of Radiology ranks second on our list of the most popular blogs in medical imaging in 2021. Its content about changing demographics, the rise of chronic disease, and patients’ expanding role in their own care is still relevant for 2022.

Innovations in X-ray equipment .

Better image quality, less dose, and increased productivity are common goals in medical imaging every year. So it’s no surprise that readers of Everything Rad showed strong interest in these blogs: the engineering innovation behind our glass-free Lux 35 detector that resulted in a weight reduction of almost 2 pounds; Guidelines for Choosing X-ray Room Equipment ; and Guidelines for Detector Selection .

Our blog about Children’s Hospital at Montefiore piloting a forward-looking technology to enable fluoroscopic exams to be performed with a modified DRX-Revolution system in their neonatal intensive care unit also caught the interest of our readers.

The lingering presence and impact of COVID-19 .

Sadly, the COVID virus and its mutations are still with us. Our most-read blogs related to its impact in radiology were COVID’s Lasting Impact on Radiology Administration and Filling the Gaps in the Radiographer Staffing Shortage .

Patient satisfaction drivers .

Patients are becoming more involved in their healthcare – and more empowered. Dr. Yoshimi Anzai’s blog on The Impact of Price Transparency in Radiology generated a lot of clicks. An other well-read blog related to this topic is 3 Strategies to Increase Patient Satisfaction by Owensboro Health Regional Hospital.

What will the top topics in medical imaging be in 2022? Please comment below.

Ka tie Kilfoyle Remis is the Editor of Everything Rad. She is also Carestream’s Digital Media Manager.

Llevar a cabo la transformación de la radiografía análoga a la digital

image of a tubehead with the words solutions to reduce exposure and dose

Reducing Exposure and Dose in Medical Radiology

Attracting and Retaining Radiology Staff

mohammed yusuf Tawala

I want to learn more in Radiology as a student

Kathleen Remis

Good for you! Best wishes.

How to Write an Original Radiological Research Manuscript

Peter bannas.

1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2. Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Scott B. Reeder

3. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

4. Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

6. Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

7. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

Many scientific manuscripts submitted for publication are limited by fundamental mistakes in their preparation, leading to rejection. We describe how to write a well-organized radiological research manuscript containing all of the important ingredients for effective communication of a hypothesis driven scientific study in the context of medical imaging.

Introduction

Scientific manuscripts should be well organized, presenting methods, data, analysis, and interpretation in a clear and comprehensible manner [ 1 ; 2 ]. A well-written scientific manuscript will answer an important scientific research question in the briefest and most concise possible way. For these reasons, guidelines and structured organizational approaches have been established for reporting of imaging studies [ 3 – 5 ].

Unfortunately, novice authors in particular are often unaware of established scientific writing principles [ 6 – 8 ]. However, following these principles is key to produce a well-structured manuscript [ 9 ]. A poorly organized structure may lead to repeated manuscript submissions, or even rejection [ 10 ; 11 ]. An upfront investment of time on layout, structure and style is therefore essential for successful publication [ 12 – 14 ].

We aim to describe a structured approach on how to write an original research article in the context of medical imaging. Like many review papers, occasional updates on relevant topics like this are important for the readership, not only to reintroduce important ideas, but also to provide fresh perspectives based on diverse experience. We believe that our experience brings a fresh look at this important topic that we hope will be impactful to the readership. While this paper is aimed at guiding radiologists to write for European Radiology , these principles are applicable to a broad spectrum of scientific writing.

Structure of a scientific manuscript

All research manuscripts have a similar structure, consisting of seven main components:

Material and Methods

The Introduction , Methods , Results , and Discussion are the four main sections, each serving to a very specific purpose [ 15 ]:

Introduction → Why you did what you did
Methods → What you did
Results → What you found
Discussion → What it means

How to start?

The first step with any manuscript is to articulate your “purpose” of the study. The purpose of your study should be captured in a single sentence, and should be included at the beginning of the Abstract and at the end of the Introduction . Also, reiterate the purpose of your manuscript in the first paragraph of the Discussion . Without a well-defined purpose, the remainder of the manuscript will be difficult to organize.

After articulating the overall purpose of the study, give the paper a temporary title. Start by drafting a title that is succinct, and captures the “big picture” message of the study. This helps define the paper as a tangible object [ 16 ].

Next, decide which figures and tables should be included. Generate a preliminary set of figures and tables. Remember that “a picture tells a thousand words”, the same applies to figures and tables. The figures and tables must support the overall purpose of your paper. For each figure write a declarative summary statement. This summary statement will serve as the first sentence of the final caption and should capture the “ take-home message ” of that figure. The content of the paper should be evident by simply looking at the figures and summary statements in the figure captions [ 17 ].

Which part of the manuscript should be written first?

We recommend writing the Materials & Methods section first (what you did) followed by the Results (what you found) . These sections are relatively easy to write, as they focus only the study itself and do not require interpretation or integration within the context of previous studies.

Next, write the Introduction (why you did what you did). Cite the most relevant and recent literature, thereby undermining the need and relevance of the own study. Last, write the Discussion (what it means) . The Discussion is the most difficult section to write and requires integrating the previous knowledge referenced in the Introduction with the new insights from the Results .

Finally, revise your Title and write the Abstract . Both are comprehensive summaries of the four main manuscript sections. We recommend writing these two components last, thus using the already composed main manuscript for extraction.

Drafting of the manuscript components

Below we outline the purpose and structure of each section of a scientific radiological manuscript (see also Table 1 ).

Order and Content of a scientific radiological manuscript

Adapted from M.A. Kliewer. [ 2 ].

A well-chosen Title will improve the chances that potential readers will find the manuscript using standard search engines such as PubMed , and influence readers to open the paper once found. Overall, ‘readability’ is very important and should be considered when choosing the Title . It should be succinct, direct and strong. The Title must rapidly convey your idea so that it will capture the immediate attention [ 16 ]. Do not use acronyms or abbreviations in the Title . Also avoid the use of many different or uncommon acronym and abbreviations throughout the entire manuscript as this may confuse readers.

The Title should cover relevant characteristics of the study, such as patient population, animal model, disease, and imaging technique. Combining two sentences with a colon enhances the message and facilitates succinct wording: “Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic steatosis: Validation in ex vivo human livers.” [ 18 ]. Alternatively, the main finding of the study can be phrased as a positive statement: “Severe aortic arch calcification depicted on chest radiography strongly suggests coronary artery calcification.” [ 19 ]. Such wording is easily remembered and catches the attention of potential readers.

2. Abstract

The Abstract is a brief summary of the manuscript and serves key functions. First, the Abstract may be the only thing editors read before deciding whether or not a manuscript should proceed with the review process. Second, the Abstract is critical for potential readers to decide whether or not to read the article [ 14 ]. Therefore, clearly articulate the relevance of the study in the Abstract . Third, the Abstract also impacts the ability of search engines to find the manuscript. Also the choice of Keywords that are provided along with the Abstract is important, as it will affect the chances of people finding the article on search engines.

Generally the Abstract is limited to 150 to 250 words. The Abstract contains all major elements of the manuscript including i) Purpose , ii) Methods , iii) Results , and iv) Conclusion .

First, clearly present the Purpose of the study. The purpose should be reflected in the Title and be the same as provided later in the Introduction . It is important to provide a single (primary) Purpose , and at most, one additional (secondary) Purpose . Define the Purpose concisely in a single sentence.

In the Methods section, briefly describe the study population, imaging techniques, measured variables, way of data analyses, and statistics. State whether the study was retrospective or prospective. For diagnostic performance studies, describe the standard of reference. Provide the reader with enough details to be able to understand how the findings in the following results section were obtained.

In the Results section state only the most important findings that reflect the purpose of the study while providing significance levels.

Lastly, in the Conclusion , provide a clear conclusion containing the core message of the paper. This Conclusion must address the Purpose and must be substantiated by the data described in the Results section of the Abstract .

3. Introduction: Why you did what you did

The purpose of the Introduction is to provide the rationale for the study and explain its relevance. The Introduction is a means to pose important unanswered questions [ 17 ]. Generally, the Introduction is subdivided into three sections, that i) explain the broad relevance of your area of interest, ii) explain the originality and need for your specific study, and iii) define the purpose of your study [ 2 ].

3.1. Relevance: Statement of the issue

The first section of the Introduction makes the case for the importance of your broad research topic. This is the section for the “who cares?” question. If the question being asked is not significant, the study will have a hard time being published. Therefore, provide enough background information about a certain disease, and explain why imaging is relevant to the disease. Next, present the clinical/technical dilemma or unmet need.

3.2. Originality: Need for the study

The second section provides a short and pertinent overview of the imaging techniques that are currently used to address the clinical condition and should reference major published findings. This section is akin to a “gap analysis” and provides the rationale for your study by articulating the shortcomings of previous studies or current techniques. Your study should come across as the logical next step to build upon previous studies. Be sure to indicate how your study may broaden the scientific horizon and potentially improve clinical treatment.

3.3. Purpose: Hypothesis to be tested

The third section of the Introduction should summarize from the two previous sections the rationale for the study. This section should clearly provide the hypothesis to be tested. Remember that the lack of a clearly stated research question is the most common reason for rejection of manuscripts [ 2 ; 20 ]. Lastly, state the Purpose of the study in a single sentence, which should be the same as that in the Abstract .

4. Materials and Methods: What you did

The purpose of the Materials and Methods section is to explain, in detail, all procedures that were performed. The details should be unambiguous and easily read, like a cookbook, such that other experts in the field could reproduce the experiments. Divide this section into subsections with subheadings to provide a clear organization.

4.1. Study design and subjects

First, state that the institutional review board approved the study and whether subjects provided informed consent.

Next, provide the type of study: “ prospective” or “retrospective”. State the method of sampling: “consecutive” or “random”. It is paramount to list explicitly the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The results of your study may only be valid in this subject population. Therefore readers need a clear understanding of the subject population, since extrapolation of results from one subject group to another can lead to selection bias [ 21 ]. It may be helpful to provide a flow chart as the first figure in the paper explaining how subjects were recruited according to the inclusion criteria, reasons for exclusion, and final outcomes.

4.2. Imaging techniques

Provide sufficient details of how imaging data were acquired allowing readers to reproduce the study. Be sure to state the type of imaging device (e.g. MRI scanner), device manufacturer, imaging parameters, and finally, the type, amount and rate of administration of contrast agent. In some cases, a table may be the most succinct means to communicate details of the imaging acquisition.

4.3. Image analyses

Explain how the data were analyzed. First, state who (e.g. radiologist) and with which level of experience (e.g. 5 years of experience) performed the analysis. State whether readers were blinded or not. If there was more than one reader, state whether the analysis was performed in consensus or independently. Generally, it is recommended having at least two independent readers. Individual analysis more closely reflects clinical reality and comparison of the individual analysis provides insight into the variability between readers and the reliability of the data analysis method.

Define clear criteria, thresholds, and ranking systems for the applied measurement and analysis methods. For example, the severity of metastatic disease in the liver should not be graded as “minor, moderate or severe” but perhaps as “0, 1–5, 6–10 and >10 lesions”. The more clear the criteria are defined, the more objective, valid, reproducible, and comparable the data will be.

Lastly, describe how the quality of the results was evaluated. If applicable, determine both the reliability (precision) and validity (accuracy) of the acquired data. Reliability can be tested in a variety ways, e.g. by assessing the intra- and interobserver variability. The validity of the results has to be determined by diagnostic performance tests with an appropriate reference standard. Clearly and explicitly explain the standard of reference, as it is a key component that contributes to the overall quality of the study.

4.4. Statistical analyses

Interpreting diagnostic test results requires an understanding of key statistical concepts [ 22 ]. Moreover, we recommend to consult a professional statistician before starting data acquisition [ 16 ]. Describe the applied statistical tests in the order of the image analyses methods. State the level of significance for p-values and correction for multiple comparisons, if necessary. This allows the reader to assess and gauge the value and significance of the reported results. Report the version and company name of the applied statistical software.

5. Results: What you found

The purpose of the Results section is to present your experimental data that prove or disprove the hypothesis of your study. Limit the provided results only to those that support the overall aim of the study. The organization of the Results section should parallel the order of the Methods section. Report the data in the Results section objectively - all interpretation of the results is reserved for the Discussion.

Use your figures and tables as a guide to write the Results . First, provide the demographic data of the patients, if the study is prospective. A table is a useful way to present comprehensive demographic data and allows comparing groups of subjects with respect to any variables that might affect the results. Next we recommend providing a figure with representative imaging examples from individual subjects with varying degrees of pathology or other relevant findings. Individual imaging examples at the beginning of the Results are helpful to orient the reader to the subsequent collective data analysis of all subjects.

The subsequent figures and tables should summarize the results from all subjects in a comprehensive manner. Results from the statistical analysis should be included with these results. For example, such data may demonstrate the validity of a new imaging technique using an independent reference standard. Finally, an assessment of the reliability (e.g. inter- and intraobserver variability) should be presented.

Each table and figure, with a caption, must be able to stand on its own. Results may be presented as statements in the text, as imaging examples, graphs, line diagrams, or tables. The text in the body of the paper may provide precise and detailed information, but its immediate impact is low. Imaging examples may have significant impact but unless they are compelling examples, they may not be able to convey a clear message. Data presented as graphs have the advantage of clarity and impact, and can bring out relationships between various parameters. Keep graphs simple, and eliminate all extraneous material. Tables are helpful to organize extensive data into a accessible form, providing greater impact than text, while maintaining precision [ 16 ]. The advantages and disadvantages of the various ways of presenting results are summarized in Table 2 .

Characteristics of various modes of data presentation

Adapted from F.L. Rosenfeldt et al. [ 16 ].

All figures should have an excellent image quality. Check the journal requirements for digital resolution of figures and file format. Crop images closely to emphasize the key component, and window/level images to best depict the key findings. Arrows may be helpful to draw attention to more subtle findings. Remove all identifying information about the patient from radiological images while stating age, sex, and medical condition in the figure legend.

All tables and figures must be “called out” in numerical order from the text of the manuscript. When a table or figure is called out, provide a brief explanation and the significance of the table or figure. Augment the information presented in each figure and be sure to give sufficient detail in the text to present each result in the context of the other study findings [ 16 ]. Do not repeat in detail the entire content of the figure captions, but rather highlight the most relevant findings.

Strictly avoid discrepancies and ambiguities in the Results . Small, unintentional errors, may lead to an overcritical review of the manuscript. Provide all data as precisely and succinctly as possible. Omit vague terms such as “most”, “some”, and “few” as they are imprecise and impart subjective judgment.

6. Discussion: What the study means

The purpose of the Discussion is to provide your interpretation of the data, by synthesizing what your data mean to the field. Remember to focus the Discussion on the interpretation of your own results. Avoid long-winded interpretations of previous studies. Also, refrain from explanations of the rationale for the study that belong in the Introduction . You may state new ideas based on the results of your study in the Discussion , but be sure to label any new idea as such. This avoids misinterpretation of new ideas as conclusions and prevents criticism of reviewers and readers.

We recommend to follow the suggestion of M.A. Kliewer who proposed to divide the Discussion into six paragraphs [ 2 ].

6.1. Synopsis of the most relevant results

The first sentence should reiterate the overall purpose of the study. This should be followed by a concise and broad version of the evidence that supports this conclusion. This section should be concluded with the answer to the initial research purpose or hypothesis of the study.

6.2. Interpretation of own results

The second paragraph of the Discussion synthesizes the meaning of your results. Emphasize the particular significance or originality of each finding. State and stress any scientific advancement provided by these results. However, do not overstate the significance of your results. All conclusions must be supported by your data. Avoid self-promoting terms such as “unique” , “ highly-innovative” , “we are the first” , and “extremely valuable” .

6.3. Interpretation of your data in the context of previous studies

In this section, describe how your results relate to those from previous studies. Provide a succinct description and appropriate references for past studies. Discuss how your results integrate collectively or build upon past results. State if your study was larger or better powered than previous studies, as this adds strength to the argument. Similarly, if your study is more generalizable than previous studies or used more up to date technology, these points are worth making as they add strength to any claims you may make. Refer specifically to those studies that you provide in the Introduction of the manuscript. Also state and present negative results. Negative findings are a valuable component of the scientific literature because they force us to critically evaluate our current thinking, and fundamentally move us towards unabridged science [ 23 ]. Also note any discrepancies with previous studies. However, argue politely and try to elucidate the underlying reason. Results that are discordant with previous studies may be your most interesting findings.

6.4. Clinical or pathophysiological significance of the study

Discuss the clinical and/or scientific implications of your study. How will the results of you study impact patient care? Has your institution adopted your method as standard of care? How will the results impact on future technical developments or our understanding of fundamental biological processes?

6.5. Limitations

Clearly state the limitations of your study. Reviewers, who are experts in the field, will be aware of these drawbacks of your study, and a proactive description of these limitations will strengthen your manuscript. An open and clear description of all reasonable limitations of your study demonstrates that you, the author, are objective and unbiased [ 2 ].

You may wish to include a description of future studies that build on the results of the current study. Succinct description of future studies can demonstrate to the reviewer that you have thought carefully about the next steps.

6.6. Summary, conclusion and future directions

Summarize the most relevant finding of the study in this last sub-section. This paragraph should be no more than 2–3 sentences. One sentence should state the main conclusion, which should be the same as the Conclusion of the Abstract . If intriguing new scientific questions arose as a result of the study, an outlook for future studies can also be stated here.

7. References

Evaluate critically every scientific paper in the field for citation but select and provide only the most relevant references. Citing recent references highlights the relevance of your study. Format the citations and bibliography according to the journal’s instructions. Do not exceed the maximum allowed number of citations.

The purpose of scientific writing is to communicate new knowledge in the form of a coherent, concise and logical document. Key to constructing a well-organized manuscript is defining the aim of the study very early in the writing process. If the remaining manuscript centers on this aim, a clear focus and common thread will be established throughout the manuscript.

Key Points:

Mistakes in the preparation of scientific manuscripts lead to rejection
Scientific writing, like any important skill, can be learned
A well-developed approach will improve the quality of scientific writing
High-quality scientific writing is essential to communicate research results
A well-organized manuscript effectively communicates a hypothesis driven scientific study

Acknowledgement

We thank Prof. Dr. Gerhard Adam and Ingrid Krause for their advice and critical reading of the manuscript.

Radiology Research Topics

1. Revolutionizing Medical Imaging with Computed Tomography

Are you a medical imaging specialist looking to take your imaging capabilities to the next level? Look no further than high-precision computed tomography! Computed Tomography (CT) is an industry-leading medical imaging technology that provides clinicians with essential 3D images to diagnose potential illnesses as accurately as possible.

Using powerful x-ray beams and complex algorithms, CT scans create detailed internal images with far better resolution than most other diagnostic modalities, such as MRI or ultrasound. These highly intricate 3D depictions essentially act like a snapshot of the inner workings when scanning – making it easier for healthcare providers to detect problems related to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, trauma, infections, and soft tissue damage.

2. Gastro-Diagnostics: Taking an X-Ray of your Digestive System

This study will help you dive deep into the depths of your digestive system and take a good hard look at what’s happening inside you. The Gastro-Diagnostic system works safely and quickly to order special equipment for an endoscopy or colonoscopy procedure. This minimally invasive process involves only light anesthesia and is used for diagnostic purposes only — it does not establish any form of treatment.

Once complete, a radiologist will evaluate the results directly from the Imaging center via secure transfer to our facility. They are set up with full training and assistance in reading images securely online. The final diagnosis must be based upon a referral by physicians trained in this field of medical science

Radiation Revolution: An Inside Look at Diagnostic Radiology

Are you curious to learn more about diagnostic radiology? Well, this is your chance! With this study, you’ll get all the necessary information.

Diagnostic radiology is an advanced imaging technology used in hospitals, clinics, and physician’s offices worldwide. It uses specialized equipment to produce cross-section images of body parts and identify problems that cannot be seen by just taking x-rays. These images are then used to diagnose and treat conditions like cancer, heart disease, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal ailments, and more!

Opting for diagnostic radiology instead of traditional x-ray procedure allows doctors to detect subtle changes related to or unrelated health issues much earlier. It enables them to plan suitable treatments accordingly. Moreover, this sophisticated imaging tool provides detailed information about bodily organs, often serving as a guide before undertaking minor or major surgeries.

Magnifying Medical Miracles with MRI Technology

If you want to make medical miracles happen, it all starts with the right technology. Enter MRI technology – a powerful tool that gives doctors and physicians deep insight into human anatomy so they can effectively diagnose diseases and create successful treatment plans.

MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, but we think of it as Major Resolution Imagery. Put simply; an MRI machine helps health care professionals locate problems ranging from fractures in bones to defects inside organs or arteries — something no other device on earth can do quite like this one! Plus, its cutting-edge imaging capabilities let them observe minute details without resorting to invasive surgery – true magnifying magic at work!

Exploring Ultrasonography Medical Imaging

Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technology that creates images of inside organs and structures by using high-frequency sound waves. It is commonly used to assess the health of a fetus during pregnancy and diagnose and monitor conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and kidney stones. Examples include obstetric ultrasound for pregnant women and echocardiography for assessing heart health.

This cutting-edge medical imaging technology has revolutionized how medical professionals view the body’s inner workings. With ultrasonography, you can view organs, tissues, and even unborn babies with unparalleled clarity and detail.

Role of RADS in Radiology

RADS stands for Radiology Assessment Database System. It is a system used by radiologists to store, manage, and analyze medical imaging data. Examples of popular RADS systems include PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and RIS (Radiology Information System).

RADS also has powerful analytical tools that help you get the most out of your imaging datasets. It enables you to monitor patient outcomes, analyze diagnostic accuracy, and detect trends in image quality across your practice or institution. In addition, RADS includes a variety of reporting tools that let you generate custom reports and track results over time.

Deciphering Exposure Indicators through Radiology

Exposure Indicators in Radiology are measurements used to determine the amount of radiation exposure a patient has received during a radiological procedure. Examples of popular exposure indicators include the dose-area product (DAP) and the computed tomography dose index (CTDI). The DAP is a measure of the total radiation dose delivered to a patient during an imaging procedure. At the same time, the CTDI is a measure of the radiation dose delivered to a specific region of the body.

These indicators are incredibly accurate and reliable, precisely measuring the radiation dose a patient receives during a radiological procedure. With this information, you can ensure your patients get the required dosage without exceeding it.

Focal Spot/Area/Zone: Radiology

Do you want to get the most out of your radiology exams? This study will help you a lot!

Focal Spot/Area/Zone is a term used in radiology to refer to the area of the body that is being imaged. It is the area where the X-ray beam is focused and is usually the size of a pinhead. Popular examples include mammograms, which focus on the breast tissue, and CT scans, which focus on the head or chest.

Focal Spot/Area/Zone also provides safety benefits. With its pinpoint accuracy, radiation exposure time is limited and helps limit exposure to x-ray radiation. As a result, fewer images must be taken to get the desired results, reducing the risk to your patients.

An Exploration of Contrast Medium

A contrast medium is a material that is used to improve the visibility of organs, vessels, and tissues during medical imaging procedures. The procedures include X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. Popular examples of contrast media include barium sulfate for X-rays, gadolinium for MRI, and microbubbles for ultrasound.

Contrast medium helps in aiding quick diagnosis as it improves the accuracy and effectiveness of medical imaging procedures. The contrast medium lets your doctor get a detailed image for a great diagnosis. It also helps in warning about potential danger signs that may not be visible through standard imaging procedures.

Another advantage of using a contrast medium for medical imaging is its safety. It is FDA approved and noted to be safe for human usage.

10. A Clear Look at Mammography

A mammogram is a type of imaging test that uses low-dose X-rays to detect changes in the breast tissue. It is used to screen for and diagnose breast cancer and other conditions, such as cysts or benign tumors. Mammograms can also be used to monitor the progress of treatment for breast cancer.

Mammography involves squeezing the breasts between two plates and capturing an X-ray picture. This compression helps to spread out the breast tissue so that any abnormalities can be more easily seen on the X-ray image. The images are then sent to a radiologist, who will interpret them and report back with their findings.

11. A Guide to Abdominal Radiography

Abdominal radiography is an imaging technique used to view the internal organs and structures of the abdomen. It involves taking X-ray pictures of the abdomen, which can help diagnose various conditions such as gallstones, appendicitis, ulcers, hernias, and tumors. Abdominal radiography is also used to assess the abdominal organs’ health and monitor treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Whether you’re taking precautions or not sure what’s happening inside, abdominal radiography helps you and your doctor gain valuable insights into the health of your abdominal organs and provides an actual window into exactly what treatments — like chemotherapy or radiation therapy — are doing to make you feel better.

12. Marker Types – Nodules, Lesions, and Tumors:

Introducing the most comprehensive marker types – Nodules, Lesions, and Tumors! These markers provide a fast, easy and accurate way to identify different types of tissue changes with medical imaging and biopsy techniques.

Nodules are solid lumps that can form in any part of the body. They can be easily detected through CT, MRI, and ultrasounds. Lesions are an area of abnormal tissue caused by injury or disease. This can range from skin lesions such as moles and warts to brain lesions such as tumours. Finally, tumours are abnormal masses of tissue that can be either benign or malignant. Popular examples include breast cancer tumors and brain tumors

13. Exploring the Anatomy of Structures

Calling all curious learners who are interested in understanding the anatomy of structures! Explore the Skull, Chest Cavity, and Spine to satisfy your need for knowledge.

Learn the ins and outs of the Skeletal System by getting a closer look at these components. Start by delving into the Skull, the bony structure that houses and protects the brain – found in humans, cows, and other mammals. Then shift your focus to understanding the Chest Cavity and how it holds our most vital organs, like the heart and lungs. Finally, please take a look at the Spine, the column of bones that runs from head to toe and helps us stand and move.

Exploring Necrosis and Its Effects

It is typically termed cell death which happens when cells are injured, infected, or otherwise destroyed. Necrotic tissue can be identified by its discolouration and the presence of an inflammatory response in the surrounding area. It is important to understand necrosis and its effects, as it can lead to serious health complications if not treated properly.

The process of necrosis begins with cellular damage, which may occur due to physical trauma, radiation exposure, extreme temperatures, toxic chemicals, or infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. When this damage occurs on a cellular level, enzymes are released from lysosomes within the cell, which causes further destruction of the cell’s structure and membrane integrity.

Understanding Inflammation and Its Impact

Inflammation is the body’s complicated biochemical response to injuries or illness. It is a natural process that aids in the body’s defence against external invaders such as germs and viruses while also mending damaged tissue. Inflammation can manifest itself in a variety of ways, ranging from modest redness and swelling to severe pain and fever.

While inflammation can be beneficial in some cases, it can also lead to chronic health problems if left unchecked. When inflammation becomes prolonged or excessive, it can damage healthy tissues and organs over time. This type of prolonged inflammation is known as chronic inflammation and may contribute to conditions like heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and certain cancers.

Embracing the Unconventional: Understanding Abnormality

In a world where conformity is often expected, it can be challenging to understand and accept those who are considered “abnormal.” But what does it mean to be abnormal? Abnormality is defined as any behavior or condition that deviates from the norm. This could include physical disabilities, mental health issues, social anxieties, religious beliefs and practices, or having different interests than those around you.

When we think of abnormality in society today, there is an inherent stigma associated with it. People may fear the unknown or feel uncomfortable when confronted with something unfamiliar; this can lead them to judge others without understanding why someone might act differently than they do. So don’t assume that just because someone acts differently than you do means they’re wrong or bad!

Getting a Circular Look at Radial Angiography

Radial angiography is a medical imaging method that allows you to see the blood arteries in your body. It is commonly used to diagnose and treat coronary artery disease, aneurysms, and vascular malformations. Radial angiography utilizes X-ray images from different angles to create a circular view of the studied vessels. This allows doctors to get a better understanding of the anatomy and pathology of the vessels.

The process begins with an injection of contrast material into the patient’s bloodstream. This material helps to highlight any abnormalities or blockages that may be present in the vessels being studied. The patient is then placed in a special X-ray machine called a C-arm, which rotates around them while taking multiple images from different angles

18. Unlocking the Mysteries of a PET scan

Its full form is Positron Emission Tomography Scan. It is a powerful diagnostic tool used to detect and diagnose diseases in the body. It is a type of imaging test that uses a radioactive tracer to create detailed 3D images of the inside of the body. The tracer is injected into the patient’s bloodstream and then travels through the body. As it moves through organs and tissues, it emits signals detected by a special camera. This information is then used to create an image of the body’s internal structures.

PET scans help us diagnosing cancer, heart disease, brain disorders, and other conditions that affect organ function. They can also be used to monitor how well treatments for these conditions are working.

An Inside Look at Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy in medical imaging employs X-rays to provide real-time pictures of the body. It is used to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and gastrointestinal disorders. Fluoroscopy can also be used to guide minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies and catheterizations.

During a fluoroscopy procedure, the patient lies on an examination table while an X-ray machine passes radiation through the body. A detector plate detects the radiation and displays a picture on a monitor in real time. This allows the doctor to observe the movement of organs or other structures within the body

“The Not-so-Narrow Tunnel of Stenosis”

The study provides an in-depth look at the stenosis. Stenosis is a medical condition that occurs when a passageway or opening in the body narrows, such as the spinal canal or an artery. This narrowing can cause pressure on nerves and other structures, leading to pain and other symptoms. Many conditions, including age-related wear and tear of the spine, trauma, tumours, infection, and congenital abnormalities, can cause stenosis.

The most common type of stenosis is lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). LSS occurs when the spinal canal narrows in the lower back area due to degenerative changes in the spine. This narrowing can pressure the nerves that travel through this area of the spine, causing pain and other symptoms.

A Cross-Sectional Guide to Imaging Speak

Cross-sectional imaging creates a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the body by combining several images obtained from different angles. It diagnoses and monitors diseases, injuries, and other conditions. Cross-sectional imaging can be used to detect tumours, cysts, fractures, and other abnormalities in the body.

When performing cross-sectional imaging, doctors will often use contrast agents such as barium or iodine to help enhance the visibility of certain areas on the scan. Contrast agents are injected into the patient’s bloodstream before scanning so they can be seen more clearly on the scan.

Bone Densitometry Classification System

Bone densitometry is a medical imaging technique used to measure the density of bones to diagnose and monitor bone diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) Bone Densitometry Classification System is commonly used for classifying bone density. This approach was created in 1994 and has subsequently been recognized as the gold standard for measuring bone health by several nations.

The WHO Bone Densitometry Classification System uses a four-level scale to classify bone density. The first level, normal, indicates no signs of osteoporosis or other bone diseases. The second level, low-normal, suggests that there may be some signs of osteoporosis but not enough to warrant treatment. The third level, osteopenia, indicates an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and should be monitored closely. Finally, the fourth level, osteoporosis, indicates an advanced stage of bone loss and requires immediate treatment.

23. Unraveling the Mysteries of Computed Radiography

Computed radiography (CR) is a digital imaging technique that captures and stores X-ray images. It is an alternative to traditional film-based radiography, which uses photographic film to capture the image. CR technology has revolutionized the field of medical imaging, providing faster, more accurate results than ever before.

CR works by using a special phosphor plate that is exposed to X-rays. The plate absorbs the X-rays and stores them as an electrical charge. This charge is then scanned and turned into digital data, which may be displayed on a computer monitor or printed for further examination.

Unlocking the Potential of Intraoperative Radiography

Intraoperative radiography (IORT) is a relatively new imaging technique that has the ability to alter how surgeons approach their profession. This technology allows for real-time imaging during surgery, providing surgeons with unprecedented accuracy and precision. IORT can be used to detect small tumours or other abnormalities that may not be visible to the naked eye, allowing for more precise surgical interventions.

The use of IORT in surgery has been steadily increasing over the past few years as its advantages have become more widely known. It is particularly useful in orthopedic surgeries, where it can help guide the placement of screws and other implants.

Reimagining Radiography: The Power of Virtual Radiography

Virtual radiography (VR) uses computer-generated images to create detailed 3D models of the body. This allows doctors to quickly and accurately assess a patient’s condition without performing an invasive procedure or taking multiple X-rays. VR also eliminates the need for costly equipment, such as X-ray machines, which can be expensive to maintain and operate.

The use of virtual radiography has already been shown to improve accuracy and reduce costs in many areas of healthcare. For example, it has been used successfully in orthopedic surgery, where it can provide detailed images of bones and joints that are difficult to capture with traditional X-rays. It has also been used in cardiology, which can help identify blockages in arteries without requiring an invasive procedure.

A Scintillating Look at Scintigraphy

Scintigraphy is a type of imaging technique used to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions. It involves using a radioactive tracer, injected into the body and then detected by a special camera. The camera produces images that can be used to identify areas of abnormal activity in the body, such as tumours or infections.

Scintigraphy has been used for decades to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, and thyroid disorders. It can also be used to detect bone fractures or other injuries. In addition, scintigraphy can be used to evaluate organ function and detect abnormalities in blood flow.

The Science behind Doppler Flow Studies

Doppler flow studies are a type of medical imaging technique used to measure the speed and direction of blood flow in the body. This type of study is based on the Doppler Effect, which is an acoustic phenomenon that occurs when sound waves are reflected off moving objects. The Doppler Effect causes a change in the frequency of the sound waves, which can be detected by specialized equipment.

In medical imaging, Doppler flow studies use ultrasound technology to detect changes in blood flow. Ultrasound waves are sent into the body and bounce off red blood cells as they move through vessels. A transducer then picks up the reflected sound waves and converts them into electrical signals that a computer can analyse.

Examining the Impact of Nuclear Medicine Studies

Nuclear medicine studies are a sort of medical imaging that employs small quantities of radioactive material to diagnose and cure disorders. Nuclear medicine studies can provide valuable information about the functioning of the body’s organs, bones, and other tissues. They are used to detect cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, and other conditions.

The use of nuclear medicine studies has increased significantly over the past few decades due to technological advances and an increased understanding of their potential benefits. However, there is still some debate about whether they should be used more widely.

Take a Peek inside Apnea Imaging: A Visual Journey

Apnea imaging is a type of medical imaging that uses specialized techniques to visualize the airways and lungs. It is used to diagnose and monitor obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which a person’s breathing stops and starts during sleep. Apnea imaging can be performed using X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound.

X-Rays: X-rays are the most commonly used form of apnea imaging. They provide detailed images of the chest and lungs, allowing doctors to identify any blockages or abnormalities in the airway. X-rays are quick and easy to perform, but they provide less detail than other forms of apnea imaging.

Anatomical Orientation: Coronal, Sagittal, Transverse

Anatomical orientation is a term used to describe the three-dimensional orientation of body structures, organs, and tissues. Medical professionals need to understand anatomical orientation to diagnose and treat patients accurately. The three main orientations are coronal, sagittal, and transverse.

The coronal orientation is referred to as a plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. This plane runs from side to side, perpendicular to the body’s long axis. In this orientation, structures are viewed as if looking at them from the front or back.

Sagittal orientation describes a plane that divides the body into left and right halves. This plane runs from head to toe along the body’s long axis. In this orientation, structures are viewed as if looking at them from the side.

Transverse orientation describes a plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections. This plane runs across the body’s width, perpendicular to both coronal and sagittal planes. In this orientation, structures are viewed as if looking at them from above or below.

Seeing Through the Mysteries of Radiopaque Materials

Radiopaque materials are substances that can be seen on X-ray imaging. These materials are used in a variety of medical and industrial applications, from diagnosing medical conditions to inspecting the integrity of pipelines. Radiopaque materials have unique properties that make them invaluable for these purposes, but what exactly makes them so special?

At its most basic level, radiopacity is the ability of a material to absorb X-rays and appear opaque on an X-ray image. The atomic structure of the material determines this property; some elements are naturally more radiopaque than others. For example, iodine is one of the most radiopaque elements, while carbon is relatively transparent to X-rays.

The most common type of radiopaque material used in medical imaging is barium sulfate. Barium sulfate has a high atomic number and therefore absorbs X-rays very well.

Exploring Paracentric Radiation Therapy

Paracentric radiation therapy is a type of external beam radiation therapy used to treat cancer. It is a specialized form of radiotherapy that uses multiple beams of radiation from different angles to target the tumour while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. This technique has been used for many years in treating various types of cancer, including prostate, breast, lung, and head and neck cancers.

The paracentric approach utilizes several beams of radiation focused on the tumour from different angles. This allows for more precise tumour targeting while minimizing damage to nearby healthy tissue. The beams can be directed to varying depths within the body, allowing for more effective treatment of tumours located deep within the body.

Achieving Optimal Clarity with Isotropic Resolution

Isotropic resolution refers to the ability of an imaging system to capture images with equal resolution in all directions. This means that the image will have the same level of detail regardless of the orientation or angle from which it is viewed.

The most common way to achieve isotropic resolution is through the use of multiple cameras, each capturing a different angle of view. By combining these images, a single image can be created that has equal detail in all directions. This technique is often used in medical imaging, allowing doctors tto understand better what they are looking at and make more accurate diagnoses.

Taking a Closer Look at the Future of Tomosynthesis Scanning

Tomosynthesis scanning is a revolutionary imaging technique that has the potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis. This technology uses X-ray beams to create three-dimensional images of the body, allowing doctors to see more detail than ever before. Tomosynthesis scanning has already been used in mammography and is now being explored for use in other areas of medicine, such as orthopedics and cardiology.

Tomosynthesis scanning can also be used to detect diseases or conditions that may not appear on traditional X-rays. For example, tomosynthesis scans can detect small lesions or calcifications that may indicate breast cancer before they become visible on standard mammograms.

Multiplanar Imaging: An Innovative Take on Diagnostics

Multiplanar imaging is an innovative approach to medical diagnostics that has revolutionized the way doctors and radiologists view and interpret images of the body. This technique combines multiple imaging modalities, such as MRI, CT, and ultrasound, to create a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the body’s anatomy. It allows for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning by providing a comprehensive view of the patient’s condition.

The multiplanar imaging technique was first developed in the early 2000s to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce radiation exposure. Multiplanar imaging is beneficial for diagnosing complex conditions such as cancer or heart disease. For example, it can help doctors determine if a tumour is malignant or benign by providing detailed information about its size, shape, and location within the body.

Getting Radial: A Guide to Mastering Imaging Algorithms

Radial imaging algorithms are a powerful tool for medical professionals, allowing them to quickly and accurately diagnose a wide range of conditions. Radial imaging algorithms use mathematical equations to create images from data collected by medical devices such as MRI scanners or ultrasound machines. These images can then be used to diagnose diseases, detect abnormalities, and monitor the progress of treatments.

Radial imaging algorithms are based on the concept of “radial symmetry” – the idea that an object can be rotated around its center point without changing its shape or size. This allows medical professionals to take multiple images from different angles and combine them into one image that shows the entire object in detail. This is especially useful for diagnosing complex conditions such as tumors or heart defects, where multiple angles may be needed to get an accurate picture.

Getting to the Core of Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging is a rapidly growing field of medical science that has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose and treat diseases. Molecular imaging is a type of imaging technology that uses specialized techniques to visualize and measure molecular processes in living organisms. It is used to detect and monitor changes in biological systems at the molecular level, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Molecular imaging can study various biological processes, such as gene expression, protein synthesis, cell metabolism, and drug delivery. It can also be used to detect changes in tissue structure or function due to disease or injury. By providing detailed information about the underlying biology of a disease, molecular imaging can help physicians make more informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment.

Exploring the Potential of Teleradiology Systems

Teleradiology systems are becoming increasingly popular in the medical field as they offer several advantages over traditional radiology services. Teleradiology is the practice of sending images and other medical data from one location to another via electronic means. This technology has revolutionized how radiologists can care for patients, allowing them to access imaging studies from any location with an internet connection.

Additionally, teleradiology systems allow for faster diagnosis and treatment decisions due to their ability to transmit images quickly between multiple locations. This can be especially beneficial in emergencies where time is of the essence.

Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) in Radiology

Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) in radiology is a rapidly growing field of medical imaging technology. It involves using computer algorithms to analyze medical images and provide diagnostic information to radiologists. CAD systems are designed to detect abnormalities in medical images, such as tumours or lesions, and can be used to assist radiologists in making more accurate diagnoses.

Advances in computer technology and artificial intelligence have fueled the development of CAD systems (AI). AI algorithms are used to analyze medical images and identify patterns that may indicate an abnormality. These algorithms can also be trained on large datasets of medical images to improve their accuracy over time.

Exploring New Radio-Pharmaceutical Drugs to Improve Care

The development of new radio-pharmaceutical drugs has been a major focus of medical research in recent years. Radio-pharmaceutical drugs are pharmaceuticals that contain radioactive elements, which allow them to be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These drugs can be used to diagnose diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders and treat certain conditions.

Radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to transform healthcare delivery by enabling more accurate diagnostic and treatment choices. For example, they can be used to detect cancer at an earlier stage than traditional imaging techniques, allowing for earlier intervention and improved outcomes. They can also target specific body areas with radiation therapy or chemotherapy, reducing side effects and improving patient comfort.

Developing Protocols for Diagnostic Procedures and Interventions

Interoperability solutions for radiology involve the use of standards-based protocols and technologies to enable the sharing of medical images, patient records, and other data between different systems. This includes both hardware and software components, such as image viewers, digital archiving systems, and communication networks. Using these solutions, radiologists can access patient information from any location to make informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment.

One example of an interoperability solution for radiology is the Digital Imaging Network Architecture (DINA). DINA is a set of standards developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) that enables the secure exchange of medical images between different systems. It also supports various imaging modalities, including X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, ultrasound, PET scans, and nuclear medicine scans.

42. Spectroscopy: An Introduction to the Science of Spectra

Spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to identify and quantify the chemical composition of a sample. It works by measuring the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter, which can be used to determine the structure, composition, and physical properties of a material. Spectroscopy is widely used in many fields, such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, medicine, and engineering.

Spectroscopy involves the use of light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation to measure the energy levels of atoms or molecules in a sample. This information can then be used to determine the chemical composition and structure of the sample. The type of spectroscopic technique used depends on the type of radiation being measured (e.g., visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light) and what kind of information is desired from the sample (e.g., molecular structure or elemental composition).

43. Nomenclature of X-Ray Imaging Tracers

X-ray imaging tracers are substances used to visualize and diagnose medical conditions. They are usually given intravenously and identified using X-ray imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy. The nomenclature of these tracers is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Tracer nomenclature is based on the type of atom that is being imaged. For example, an “iodine” tracer would contain iodine atoms, while a “barium” tracer would contain barium atoms. Other common elements in X-ray imaging tracers include gadolinium, technetium, and thallium.

The name of the tracer also includes information about its chemical structure. For example, a “diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid” (DTPA) tracer contains five carboxylic acid groups attached to an amine group. This type of tracer is often used to image kidney function because it binds strongly to certain metals in the body, such as calcium and iron.

44. Exploring Effective Radiation Therapy Processes

Radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment in which high-energy radiation is used to destroy cancer cells. It is a successful treatment for many forms of cancer, and it can be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy. The radiation therapy process involves several steps, from the initial consultation to the completion of treatment.

Consultation with a radiation oncologist is the first step, who will assess the patient’s condition and determine if radiation therapy is an appropriate treatment option. During this consultation, the doctor will discuss the risks and benefits of radiation therapy and any potential side effects.

The next step in the process is a simulation, which helps create a 3D image of the tumor so doctors can accurately target it with radiation beams during treatment. During simulation, patients are asked to lie still on a table while images are taken from multiple angles using X-rays or CT scans. This information is then used to create a 3D model of the tumor so that doctors can precisely direct radiation beams at it during treatment sessions.

Once the simulation has been completed, patients begin their actual course of radiation therapy treatments. These treatments typically last between 10-30 minutes each day for several weeks, depending on the type and severity of the cancer being treated. During each session, patients lie still on a table. At the same time, beams of high-energy X-rays are directed at them from multiple angles using sophisticated machines called linear accelerators (or LINACs).

About The Author

Corporate finance research topics.

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Physics Research Topics

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Strong Research Support

IU School of Medicine offers an ideal environment for medical research that leads to major advancements in medicine. With a strong tradition of achievement, expertise of faculty, state-of-the art equipment and facilities, and access to a large and diverse patient population with complex conditions, the working and learning environment at IU School of Medicine inspires innovative diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.

Imaging Sciences

Innovation in Imaging Sciences drives optimal patient care. It is our mission to develop and translate novel imaging technologies to addresses unmet patient needs. The vision of National and Institutional (IU School of Medicine and IU Health) Precision Health/Medicine initiatives is to revolutionize patient care by applying treatments that are optimized for specific characteristics of the patient, taking into consideration genetics, environment, and lifestyle. A central feature of our research activities is in alignment with the goals of Precision Health/Medicine and broad base of research within the IU School of Medicine. We are positioned to play a major role in the transformation of patient care through innovative new technologies that move beyond detection to non-invasive evaluation of disease.

Radiology Subspecialty Research

The two major foci of research in the abdominal section are Radionomics, i.e. the use of quantitative information from MRI/CT to predict patient outcomes, and Improving Patient Safety by reducing CT radiation and intravenous contrast doses to the absolute minimum necessary.

Together with the pancreatologists, the Abdominal Section is performing prospective research studies on chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. We also collaborate with hepatologists and oncologists to perform research on the liver as well as with urologists by using multiparametric MRI to image features of prostatitis using T2-weighted images, diffusion (DWI) and perfusion (DCE MRI).

The breast imaging subspecialty team has several studies open in collaboration with medical and surgical oncology to continue to improve the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. One study allows women who may otherwise need to have their breast removed to pursue breast conservation therapy. Another study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the extent of disease evaluation in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ. At Eskenazi Hospital, a study is being performed to evaluate the effects of an educational video to reduce patient anxiety prior to ultrasound guided biopsy, and the team is preparing to participate in two national multicenter trials: Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST) and Comparison of Abbreviated Breast MRI and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in Breast Cancer Screening in Women with Dense Breasts.

As the cost of health care escalates, the value of screening exams for early detection and treatment becomes essential. The cardiothoracic, or chest imaging, team at IU School of Medicine remains committed to patient screening exams and have made tremendous strides in the lung cancer screening program. This program is expected to reduce lung cancer-specific mortality by 20 percent.

The seven radiologists on this team work closely with their thoracic surgery colleagues to ensure the quality and accessibility of this program at IU School of Medicine clinical facilities. The team also offers coronary calcium score screening CT scans, which have received attention in the popular press and continue to be valued by patients and referring clinicians. Many lives are saved by early cancer detection, early diagnosis of coronary artery disease, and early treatment for these pathologies, and the teams is motivated to continue to offer and improve these services.

Radiology fellows and residents engage in medical research and publish papers on a wide range of topics, including post-operative CT in the setting of trauma, the potential for streamlining emergent hand and wrist radiography in the ED setting, the incidence of facial fractures in the setting of whole-body CT, urinary leaks in the setting of renal trauma, CT of blunt mesenteric injuries, CT image reconstruction algorithms and image quality in the setting of solid organ injuries, and more.

In addition, Steenburg is collaborating with orthopedic trauma surgeons to quantify the magnitude of soft tissue injury in polytrauma and its relationship to multi-organ failure and systemic inflammation. Five peer-reviewed manuscripts have been accepted or published based on this work. Over 70 patients have been prospectively enrolled to date, and the team was recently selected for Department of Defense funding support.

The Interventional Radiology group at IU School of Medicine is one of the top three programs in the country performing Yttrium-90 radioembolizations for treatment of primary and secondary liver cancers. The liver tumor working group includes physician specialists from interventional radiology, oncologic surgery, transplant surgery, hepatology, medical oncology and radiation oncology, providing an outstanding example of the power of interspecialty collaboration in treatment for this challenging area of medicine. Faculty physicians in this specialty area now offer advanced therapy for liver cancers that promises to significantly improve quality and length of life.

By working closely with colleagues at Northwestern University, the IU School of Medicine’s Department of Radiology Interventional Radiology team has doubled procedure volume for radioembolization every year since its introduction at IU School of Medicine in 2006.

The musculoskeletal radiology team includes six musculoskeletal fellowship-trained radiologists and one physician assistant as well as two musculoskeletal imaging fellows per year and three to four diagnostic radiology residents rotating each month on the musculoskeletal service. The team’s clinical service base is IU Health Methodist Hospital but also provides musculoskeletal imaging expertise for multiple hospitals and outpatient facilities throughout the IU Health system as well as Eskenazi Health, Center for Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, and Central Indiana Orthopedics.

The musculoskeletal radiology team cares for patients with trauma, sports- and work-related injuries, arthritis, metabolic bones diseases, tumors, infections and other problems. With advanced equipment, the team offers interpretive expertise in musculoskeletal radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and fluoroscopy as well as procedural expertise in arthrography, bone and soft tissue biopsy, and image-guided joint or tissue aspiration and injection.

Musculoskeletal Radiology at IU School of Medicine has included testing and analysis for MRI sequences for metal artifact reduction around orthopedic hardware and also for fast imaging of diabetic feet for osteomyelitis. The section has been involved with collaborative projects with bone endocrinology for investigating atypical femur fractures, pediatric radiology for fast MRI screening of hip pain in children, and orthopedic surgery for MRI diagnosis of lateral meniscus tears in patients with ACL tears.

Justin Sims, MD , Division Chief

The Nuclear Medicine/Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics specialists provide supervision, interpretation and reporting for nuclear-medicine-imaging procedures, PET/CT exams, and radiopharmaceutical therapies across the IU Health enterprise. These physician educators also participate in many research programs at IU School of Medicine. For example, ongoing programs look at radiation dose and dose distribution in 90Y radio embolization of the liver. These programs are focused on efforts to assess the radiation dose to the liver tumors per se as well as to the adjacent uninvolved hepatic parenchyma. These efforts have illustrated that the currently used empiric methods for determining 90Y dose can under- and overestimate radiation burden to the liver and targeted tumor in association with radio embolization of hepatic malignancies.

Two projects recently received NIH funding that encompass a 12- month study of the feasibility of labeling a neuropeptide (DOTA-TATE) with short-lived 62Cu and secondly, further refinement over a five-year funding period for modeling and validation of a “chemical microsphere” that can provide unique information on tumor and tissue blood flow throughout the body. The second project is an Academic-Industrial partnership for translation of technologies for cancer diagnosis and treatment (1-RO1 CA202695-01A1) using novel 62Cu-ETS and 62Cu-PTSM labeled ligands. A previous NIH-NCI funded RO1 in this division laid groundwork for further funded studies of this unique radiopharmaceutical. This will be a collaborative project between Nuclear Medicine and the Radiologic Sciences divisions involving both animal and human PET/CT imaging studies.

The Pediatric Radiology subspecialty team is working to improve the quality of skeletal surveys performed for child abuse around the State of Indiana. With the help of physicians on the child abuse team at Riley Hospital for Children, hospitals and imaging centers who do not follow the ACR–SPR Practice Parameter for Skeletal Surveys in Children are identified and receive a phone call and follow-up email from one of the pediatric radiologists at IU School of Medicine. The radiologist provides information which includes an informational poster that that reviews the required views and proper patient positioning and can be hung up in technologist for easy reference.

The Department of Radiology’s pediatric radiology team includes eight general pediatric radiologists. Most of the general pediatric radiologists have an area of specialized interest:

pediatric musculoskeletal imaging
child abuse
fetal magnetic resonance imaging
cardiac imaging
thoracic imaging
urologic imaging
oncologic imaging

Each member of this team is board-certified by the American Board of Radiology and meets all ACR accreditation requirements. All of the pediatric radiologists are fellowship-trained and five of the eight radiologists have achieved their Certificate of Added Qualification in Pediatric Radiology from the American Board of Radiology. The other three will become eligible to receive this certification within the next several years. The radiologists are supported by tremendous physician assistants, sonographers, fluoro and X-ray techs, and support staff who work together to provide care to some of the sickest patients in Indiana.

The future in innovation

Research Updates

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Anna Carrera | Jul 23, 2019

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Study: Black men may be less likely to receive heart transplant than white men, women

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Case of the Day

Temporal subcutaneous high-flow arteriovenous malformation

Contributed by Yaïr Glick

On arriving at the paediatric ER, the left temporal "mass" was noted to be pulsatile.

MRI and CTA showed it to be a high-flow arteriovenous malformation between the external carotid artery (ECA) and the external jugular vein (EJV) as well as facial vein tributaries.

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The Department of Radiology has a robust research enterprise, with our faculty members and trainees taking part in scientific advances in a number of areas. Browse our Areas of Research below to learn more about our current work within each topic.

Advanced Body Imaging

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Research faculty, bradley allen, md, ms.

Chief of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging in the Department of Radiology

Assistant Professor of Radiology (Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging)

My research and clinical interests include medical imaging, cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer, fluid mechanics, and computer science. As a cardiothoracic radiologist, I am interested in applying advanced imaging techniques, primarily cardiovascular and pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in diseases, cohorts, and clinical scenarios where these techniques have not been previously applied. For further details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

For more information on my research, please view my Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profile .

Profile, Grants, & Publications

View my profile, grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars .

Ulas Bagci, PhD

Associate Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

View my profile, grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars.

Yu Fen Chen, PhD

Research Assistant Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

My research focuses on applications of MR perfusion methods such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) or dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging. Some of my projects include using ASL to study brain changes after sports-related concussion, treatment-related recovery in aphasia patients and single dose DSC-DCE.

Donald Robinson Cantrell, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Radiology (Neurointerventional Radiology)

For more information on my research, please view my Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profile.

Mohammed Elbaz, PhD

Assistant Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

My expertise intersects between computer science, medical imaging and applied fluid dynamics. I have 12+ years of experience in medical image analysis research and development in both academia and industry. Recently, I have been focusing my research on cardiovascular hemodynamics, where I employ my technical background in medical image analysis, cardiovascular 4D flow MRI and fluid dynamics to develop methods to improve diagnosis and treatment of heart disease using the state-of-the-art 4D Flow MRI technology. In particular,I have developed methods to utilize 4D Flow MRI for advanced visualization and quantification of 3D time-resolved intra-cardiac blood flow patterns and energetics. For further details, visit my lab's website or the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

Laleh Golestani Rad, PhD

Assistant Professor of McCormick School of Engineering , Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences and Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

I am an engineer and scientist with expertise in the application of computational electromagnetic techniques for the safety assessment of medical imaging and therapeutic devices. My work currently focuses on application of computational modeling to guide hardware design, safety assessments, and the optimization of imaging protocols for MRI scans in patients with conductive implants.

For more information on my research, please view my McCormick School of Engineering or my Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profiles.

Kelly Jarvis, PhD

Research Assistant Professor of Radiology

Jeesoo Lee, PhD

With a mechanical engineering Ph.D. background, my expertise lies in flow imaging and analysis for experimental fluid dynamics investigation. My key research interest is developing a multimodality quantitative cardiovascular flow assessment technique to understand cardiovascular fluid dynamics better and improve the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. My current work focuses on combining 4D flow MRI, echocardiography, and in-vitro flow modeling to understand valvular heart diseases better.

For more information on my research, please view my Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profile .

View my profile, grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars .

Daniel Kim, PhD

Knight Family Professor of Cardiac Imaging

Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research) and McCormick School of Engineering

I am the Director of CV Imaging at the Center for Translational Imaging. My research focuses on development of rapid MRI acquisition and reconstruction methods to address unmet needs in cardiovascular medicine. Our lab focuses on breaking new grounds in cardiovascular MRI by developing innovative pulse sequences and reconstruction methods to address unmet clinical needs in cardiovascular medicine. Building upon active collaboration with radiology and cardiology colleagues, our research activities span from imaging technology development to clinical translation in cardiovascular medicine.

Currently, ongoing projects include:

Role of diffuse LV fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation
Real-time CMR for diagnosing CAD
Rapid pediatric CMR without requiring contrast agent or anesthesia
Advanced CMR assessment of left atrial hemodynamic disorders in atrial fibrillation
Wideband CMR for predicting pre-implant right heart failure in LVAD candidates
Wideband CMR for imaging patients with ICDs

For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

Dong-Hyun Kim, PhD

Associate Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

Image-guided medicine is rapidly growing to improve treatment regimens and advancing medical imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), radiography, ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A combination of modern nanoplatforms with high performance in imaging and therapeutics may be critical to improve medical outcomes.

One of emerging fields is image-guided therapy using various nanoparticles. Therapies include basic bench, preclinical in vitro/in vivo and clinical researches combining synthesis of multifunctional nanoparticle and tracking/navigation tools to improve accuracy and outcomes of the therapeutics. Most of the emerging interventional technique such as heat-activated targeted drug delivery, image guided ablation (microwave or HIFU), percutaneous injection gene/bacteria therapy, transcatheter treatments for tumor specific local therapy, serial biopsy, thrombolytic therapy, and so on, can be combined with nanotechnology in clinic.

My research engages in careful design/selection/synthesis of multifunctional imaging/therapeutic nanomaterials with therapeutic agents will be critical for the translational optimization these new image guided medicine techniques. The DHKIM Lab for Biomaterials of Image Guided NanoMedicine has focused on developing various therapeutic/imaging carriers for the treatment of various cancers. Micro/Nanoparticles and their hybrid derivatives have been exploited as vectors for drug/therapeutic delivery and molecular imaging agents of MRI, CT, ultrasound and luminescent/fluorescents. We are working closely with clinicians, medical scientists, biologist and imaging professionals to translate new therapeutic approaches using multifunctional carriers and diagnostic imaging technique to the clinical setting.

Lab Manager: Xiaoke Huang

Amber Leaver, PhD

Research Associate Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

The INMRI research group founded by Dr. Leaver at Northwestern conducts precision neuroimaging research to understand and improve electrical neuromodulation therapies. Our studies encompass several topics spanning mental health and depression, chronic idiopathic tinnitus, noninvasive electrical neuromodulation technologies, and best practices in applied connectomics. Details about my projects can be found on the Leaver Lab website .

View my profile, Grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars .

Kai Lin, MD, MS

I have a broad background in quantitative cardiovascular imaging, with specific training and expertise in coronary artery MRI. My research is focusing of identify subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients suffering type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, I am also interested in evaluating regional myocardial changes in patients with various clinical or subclinical cardiovascular diseases. Recently, I am developing research projects for evaluating cardiovascular responses in treating cancers, immunological and neurodegenerative disorders, such as breast cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

Michael Markl, PhD

Vice Chair for Research, Department of Radiology

Lester B. and Frances T. Knight Professor of Cardiac Imaging

Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research) / McCormick School of Engineering

I am currently the Vice Chair of Research for the Department of Radiology. I have established a strong interdisciplinary research consortium. My research has had a major impact on the diagnosis and management of heart disease and stroke including 1) development of novel imaging techniques for the assessment of cardiac structure, function and hemodynamics, and 2) discovery of mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases development and cryptogenic stroke (aortic hemodynamics as a mechanism in the development of BAV aortopathy; retrograde embolization from aortic plaques and left atrial flow dynamics in atrial fibrillation as risk factors for stroke). I am internationally recognized as the pioneer of 4D flow MRI and work in this area has advanced the understanding of cardiovascular disease processes as well as enhanced patient care. I have created a highly successful and inseminating training environment in MRI technique development and translational imaging research. For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page .

Todd Parrish, PhD

Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research) , McCormick School of Engineering and Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences

I have a strong expertise in image processing and neuroimaging with a special emphasis on MR based methods. My group and I have been successful in using advanced neuroimaging methods to demonstrate changes in BOLD, diffusion, perfusion, magnetization transfer and structural measures associated with function, memory and learning in the brain as well as movement, sensory, and pain in the spinal cord. I have a long history of methods development and application of neuroimaging methods to pathologic and clinical conditions. My current interests are developing novel methodologies to explore brain physiology to generate new imaging techniques to study the brain. These areas include neurovascular physiology, perfusion/permeability in tissue, multimodal imaging and image analysis, mechanisms of spinal cord structure and function, the use of infrared thermometry for intraoperative functional mapping in awake surgery, and application of machine learning to medical images. I have extensive experience conducting multi-center neuroimaging studies and understand the issues well. For details and images, visit the Parrish Neuroimaging Laboratory .

Daniele Procissi, PhD

Research Professor of Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

My research projects focuses on preclinical Molecular Imaging using MRI, PET and CT.

View my Profile, grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars .

Ann Ragin, PhD

My research projects include Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging strategies for in vivo measurement of the brain to investigate effects of aging and of viruses, particularly HIV infection. Brain network analysis to investigate effects of aging and for early detection of neural injury. Collaborative projects involve applications of 4D flow imaging to investigate alterations in cerebral blood flow and relation to brain status. For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

Yury Velichko, PhD

My scientific interests overlap in the areas of biomaterials, anticancer drug development, quantitative imaging and therapeutic response assessment. With a background in molecular physics and informatics, I strive to apply concepts from one field to questions in another. I am also the manager of the Quantitative Imaging Core Laboratory (QICL) at Northwestern University - Feinberg School of Medicine.

Lirong Yan, PhD

Dr. Yan is a tenured Associate Professor of Radiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Before she joined Northwestern University in 2022, she was a tenure-track Assistant Professor at the University of Southern California. Dr. Yan directs the Laboratory for Neurovascular Imaging Technology and Translation (NITT) at Department of Radiology. The research of her group focuses on developing novel MRI techniques for cerebral vascular and perfusion imaging (e.g., arterial spin labeling). Her research expertise includes MRI pulse sequence development, fast image acquisition and reconstruction, image processing, etc. Over the last decade, Dr. Yan and her team have developed several cutting-edged MRI techniques, including non-contrast enhanced time-resolved rapid 4-dimensional MR angiography, cerebrovascular territory mapping, cerebral arterial compliance and pulsatility, concurrent BOLD/ASL, etc.

Dr. Yan is also interested in translating novel MRI technology into a variety of clinical applications, such as cerebrovascular disease (stroke, intracranial atherosclerosis, arteriovenous malformation, moyamoya disease) and neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, aging). The mission of Dr. Yan’s research program is to develop non-invasive diagnostic MR imaging tools for cerebrovascular diseases and new imaging biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Top 10 trends to follow in diagnostic radiology.

radiology trends x-ray imaging practice management

Experts are highlighting 10 trends to follow this year in diagnostic imaging, including staffing challenges and reimbursement pressures.

Vizient published its latest Diagnostic Imaging Tech Watch on May 24, the fifth edition of its annual report. The Irving, Texas-based consulting firm is seeing a slowdown in providers’ push to shift interventional and surgical cases into outpatient settings. But Vizient is still predicting 13% growth in advanced outpatient imaging during the next decade, particularly in CT and PET.

Like last year’s report, the firm also is forecasting double-digit growth in diagnostic imaging services driven by technological advances and an aging population.

“Given the ongoing labor challenges in healthcare, it is now more important than ever to find ways to work more efficiently, simplify processes and increase job satisfaction,” Adam Fairbourn Jr., MBA, Vizient’s director of contract services, and co-authors wrote Friday. “As healthcare systems deal with staff shortages and growing demands, it’s crucial to have efficient workflows.”

Here is a quick rundown of the list. Radiology Business added the numbers, as Vizient did not rank each item in order of importance. You can find the full report for free here and our coverage of last year’s trends here .

1. Systemness: Across organizations, radiology departments are finding ways to work together to overcome common challenges such as labor shortages and complicated payment processes.

“Diagnostic imaging companies are responding to the trend of working together systematically by helping providers expand collaboration across the care continuum,” the report noted. “For example, some dual-source CT systems offer the capabilities for more complex cardiac exams with guidance for less experienced technologists—but at a more cost-effective installation compared to other dual-source CT systems.”

2. Workforce challenges: Imaging leaders are familiar with the factors causing this trend, among them, an aging workforce, limited pipeline of residency and technologist program grads, geographic factors, and the growing complexity of imaging studies.

“To address these challenges, healthcare organizations are exploring various strategies,” the report noted. “These strategies include implementing remote diagnostic reading programs, applying advanced technologies like artificial intelligence to assist with image interpretation and offering competitive compensation packages to attract and retain radiologists. Investing in AI-guided technology, remote working options and other recruitment efforts can all help with the shortage.”

3. Capital asset management: Radiology departments are devising long-term strategies for their capital equipment plans to help ensure they have the “right technology for the future.”

“Provider capital equipment committees require clear insights to achieve their strategic objectives across their organization, as they navigate the balance between replacing aging equipment fleets and meeting requests for modern technology. Larger provider networks are aligning capital equipment strategies across care sites to capitalize on standardization, increase spending power and optimize financing options.”

4. Sustainable imaging: Pioneering environmental responsibility in radiology: “Green radiology” is seen as a growing way to help preserve the planet and cut costs.

“As the healthcare sector works toward reducing its carbon footprint, radiology departments are being urged to invest in sustainable practices. These practices aim to decrease energy consumption, minimize waste and promote the use of renewable energy.”

5. Technology ‘user-ability’: Exploding volumes, tech shortages and shifting sites of care are forcing departments to think creatively in how they deploy team members.

“Diagnostic imaging equipment manufacturers have created equipment that helps healthcare professionals provide high-quality patient care, regardless of their workload or experience level. Features like embedded AI programs, automatic patient positioning, portable and remote scanning and workflow guidance applications help clinicians improve efficiency, quality of care and satisfaction for both providers and patients.”

6. Rise of remote imaging and expert technologists: Remote scanning first emerged during the pandemic as a way to help continue delivering exams and stretch thin labor resources. Interest appears to be on the upswing, Vizient noted.

“The demand for imaging procedures is growing throughout organizations, and providers are recognizing the need to efficiently share the expertise of highly trained, expert technologists. Experienced technologists (also known as scan managers) can oversee and help in complex imaging procedures via remote scanning. These individuals guide less trained individuals, who are present on-site, in positioning and preparing the patient.”

7. Artificial intelligence: As the AI space continues to mature, organizations are seeking ways to assess whether this technology is worth the time and trouble.

“Providers evaluate their return on investment based on their organization’s clinical goals. For AI applications that don't receive reimbursement, the ROI is typically measured in terms of efficiency and quality improvements rather than direct cost savings. AI vendors are working to make it easier for their offerings to be implemented, which can positively impact ROI.”

8. Reimbursement pressure: Imaging volumes continue to climb, but Medicare reimbursement levels have failed to keep pace.

“Several professional societies, such as the American College of Radiology, are urging lawmakers to address the ongoing and unsustainable cuts to reimbursement. There's growing concern that if these reductions continue, patient access to radiology services will suffer, especially in rural areas that are already underserved.”

9. Value-based procurement: Radiology providers shifting to value-based care are looking to hold vendors accountable for how purchases could impact these goals.

“They also want suppliers to share in the risk if these goals aren't met,” the report noted. “Providers are changing how they evaluate equipment purchases and collaborate with suppliers post-purchase. Suppliers need innovative solutions to adapt. Providers need a network of resources to fully use and measure the value of these solutions over time.”

10. Mergers and acquisitions: M&A volume has gained momentum since 2020 with particular attention around small operators.

“Coming out of the pandemic, smaller imaging centers find themselves in a vulnerable financial position,” Kris Blohm, a managing director in Kaufman Hall’s Mergers & Acquisitions practice, said in the report. “Private equity, hospitals and larger imaging center networks all continue to invest and acquire across the U.S., with many of the larger imaging chains demonstrating aggressive acquisition strategies. Not-for-profit health systems are also partnering in joint ventures with some of the larger imaging and radiology players, many of which have private equity backing.”

Rising patient volumes and staffing challenges: 7 takeaways from a new salary survey of radiologists, techs and administrators, 10 trends to watch in diagnostic imaging, 29 radiology societies met to discuss the specialty’s most pressing problems: 8 takeaways, practice leaders must take ‘urgent action’ to address moral distress in radiology.

Marty Stempniak has covered healthcare since 2012, with his byline appearing in the American Hospital Association's member magazine, Modern Healthcare and McKnight's. Prior to that, he wrote about village government and local business for his hometown newspaper in Oak Park, Illinois. He won a Peter Lisagor and Gold EXCEL awards in 2017 for his coverage of the opioid epidemic.

Trends and hot topics in radiology, nuclear medicine and medical imaging from 2011–2021: a bibliometric analysis of highly cited papers

Original Article
Published: 28 March 2022
Volume 40 , pages 847–856, ( 2022 )

Cite this article

Sheng Yan 1 ,
Huiting Zhang 2 &
Jun Wang 3

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To spotlight the trends and hot topics looming from the highly cited papers in the subject category of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging with bibliometric analysis.

Materials and methods

Based on the Essential Science Indicators, this study employed a bibliometric method to examine the highly cited papers in the subject category of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging in Web of Science (WoS) Categories, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In total, 1325 highly cited papers were retrieved and assessed spanning from the years of 2011 to 2021. In particular, the bibliometric information of the highly cited papers based on WoS database such as the main publication venues, the most productive countries, and the top cited publications was presented. An Abstract corpus was built to help identify the most frequently explored topics. VoSviewer was used to visualize the co-occurrence networks of author keywords.

The top three active journals are Neuroimage, Radiology and IEEE T Med Imaging . The United States, Germany and England have the most influential publications. The top cited publications unrelated to COVID-19 can be grouped in three categories: recommendations or guidelines, processing software, and analysis methods . The top cited publications on COVID-19 are dominantly in China . The most frequently explored topics based on the Abstract corpus and the author keywords with the great link strengths overlap to a great extent. Specifically, phrases such as magnetic resonance imaging, deep learning, prostate cancer, chest CT, computed tomography, CT images, coronavirus disease, convolutional neural network(s) are among the most frequently mentioned.

The bibliometric analysis of the highly cited papers provided the most updated trends and hot topics which may provide insights and research directions for medical researchers and healthcare practitioners in the future.

Quo vadis Radiomics? Bibliometric analysis of 10-year Radiomics journey

Trends and statistics of artificial intelligence and radiomics research in Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging: bibliometric analysis

Analysis of the altmetric top 100 articles with the highest altmetric attention scores in medical imaging journals

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Introduction

Citation distributions are extremely skewed. Most scientific papers are seldom cited, if ever, in the subsequent scientific literature while some papers receive an unusually high citation counts [ 1 ]. In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in using highly cited papers as indicators in research assessments. There may be two reasons for this tendency. First, the increasing focus on scientific excellence in science policy in the context of the enormous quantities of scientific outputs makes it imperative to screen out the most successful or influential work. “Many countries are moving towards research policies that emphasize excellence; consequently; they develop evaluation systems to identify universities, research groups, and researchers that can be said to be “excellent” [ 2 ]. Second, for visibility issues, academic professionals are consistently interested in pursuing high citations for their own work and also tend to follow the research with higher citations. In this way, they can stay current regarding research trends and make informed decisions on potential research topics. High citations imply more visibility, generally accompanied by more supports from public or private funders. Therefore, scientific researchers will be very much proud if their publications are selected as highly cited papers (HCPs).

Incites Essential Science Indicators (ESI), an analytic tool provided by Clarivate Analytics for identifying the top-charting research in Web of Science (WoS)-indexed journals, is widely used to evaluate HCPs, providing information such as the countries/regions [ 3 , 4 ], institutes [ 5 ], and researchers [ 6 ], etc. ESI-HCPs, representing the top 1% in each of the 22 ESI subject fields, vary by fields and by years in a 10 years’ rolling. A paper is selected as a HCP only if its citation count exceeds the 1% citation threshold of the corresponding research fields and publication year.

Over recent years, a number of studies have been conducted on HCPs based on data from ESI [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. For example, Ioannidis Boyack et al. surveyed the most-cited authors of biomedical research for their views on their own influential published work [ 9 ]. Aksnes found that HCPs are typically authored by a large number of scientists, often involving international collaboration [ 10 ]. Some studies even try to predict the HCPs by mathematical models [ 11 ], implying “the first mover advantage in scientific publication” [ 12 , 13 ]. That is, the first papers in a field will, essentially regardless of content, receive citations at a rate enormously higher than papers published later.

Bibliometrics, a term coined by Pritchard A [ 14 ], is a statistical method used to evaluate scientific development, determine research impacts, compare research performance and identify emerging fronts [ 15 , 16 ]. There have been many bibliometric studies on natural science or social science as a general field [ 17 , 18 ]. There have also been a few subject-specific ones on computer science [ 19 , 20 ], on applied linguistics [ 21 ], and on operations research and management Science [ 22 ]. In this regard, bibliometrics has been applied to summarize the development of a specific subject, generating valuable information such as the most cited publications/journals and the most frequently explored topics, etc. Such information is of great importance and interest to researchers as well as academic institutions and government/private agencies in making funding and science policy decisions. However, to our knowledge, there has not been one bibliometric study on the specific subject “ Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging ” (RNMI) , a subject that covers resources on radiation research in biology and biophysics. Of the five broad research areas ( Arts & Humanities, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Physical Sciences, Social Sciences, technology ) in Web of Science database, Life Sciences & Biomedicine has the most number of subject categorizations (76 in total), implying the complexity and richness as well as importance of this research line. As an important subject area in Life Sciences & Biomedicin e in response to the rapidly evolving healthcare industry, the research productivity in this RNMI has been tremendous. A thorough investigation of the existing literature especially the HCPs will help keep researchers informed about the state of the arts and research trends in this subject.

The purpose of this study is to spotlight the trends and hot topics in the subject category of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging with the bibliometric analysis of highly cited papers to help researchers get the most updated information in the future study.

A bibliometric approach was used in the present study to map the HCPs in RNMI in WoS. As one of the biggest bibliometric databases, WoS is the most frequently used database in bibliometric studies [ 23 ]. The methods for data retrieval are described as follows.

We searched in WoS Core Collection at the portal of the University library. We filtered the results by clicking the “ Highly Cited in Field ” trophy icon. We then downloaded all the bibliometric data for further analysis including publication years, authors and affiliations, publication titles, countries/regions, organizations, abstracts, citation reports, etc. After the removal of the publications with incomplete bibliometric information, a total of 1325 HCPs were harvested. The yearly publication distributions of the 1325 HCPs were shown in Figure S1 (Online Resource 1). The data retrieval was completed on 15 December, 2021. We collected the impact factor (IF) of each journal from the 2021 Journal Citation Reports (JCR).Table 1 shows the strategies of the retrieval queries.

Three points are to be mentioned here. First, the WoS Core Collection was searched because it boasts as an important bibliometric database which includes literature and citation information indexed in SCIE, SSCI and A&HCI. More importantly, it has been widely used in bibliometric analysis of previous studies both in natural sciences [ 24 , 25 ] and in social sciences [ 21 , 26 ]. Because RNMI belongs to the natural sciences, we restrict the index in SCI-expanded to retrieve the relevant data. Second, only articles and reviews are considered in HCPs selection. There is no need to restrict the document types in our search. Third, the dataset of ESI-HCPs is automatically updated every 2 months to include the most recent 10 years of publications. Therefore, only the papers in the recent decade will be counted as HCPs. There is no need to set the date range.

To identify the most influential papers, we ranked all the HCPs by the Relative Citation Rate (RCR), a new metric that uses citation rates to measure influence at the paper level [ 27 ]. Since the citation count a paper receives is closely associated with the number of years it is published, it is invalid to rank paper impact solely on Raw Citations (RC). Therefore, RCR, recently endorsed by the National Institutes of Health, has been employed here to pinpoint the most highly cited papers. RCR is based on weighting the number of citations a paper receives to a comparison group within the same field [ 28 ]. The icite tool is used here to generate RCR metrics for all the HCPs ( https://icite.od.nih.gov/ ).

Word frequency analysis based on corpus is a bibliometric method to identify hotspots and developmental trend of one domain. In this study, we built an Abstract corpus with all the abstracts of the HCPs. The n -grams (2–4) in the corpus were retrieved and analyzed to detect the most frequently researched topics in the HCPs. The procedures to retrieve the n-grams were described as follows. First, the abstracts of all the 1325 HCPs from the downloaded bibliometric data were saved in separate files in txt. Formats in one folder to create a mini abstract corpus with a total of 299,810 tokens. Second, Anthony’s AntConc, a freeware corpus analysis toolkit for concordancing and text analysis, was used to extract n-grams that include clusters of two to four continuous words [ 29 ]. AntConc is widely used in previous studies [ 16 , 21 , 26 ]. It automatically ranks all the retrieved n-grams in decreasing order. We also generated a list of individual nouns in case of missing some important topics. The reason to exclude the pronouns, modals and many other functional words is that research topics are usually phrases that do not contain these functional words. For topic candidacy, we adopt both frequency (10) and range criteria (10). That is, a candidate n-gram has to appear at least ten times and in at least ten different abstracts for further consideration. The frequency threshold ensures the significance of the candidate topics while the range threshold ensures the topics are not overly clustered in a limited number of papers. In this process, we actually tested the frequency and range thresholds several rounds for the inclusion of all the potential topics. In total, we got 521 nouns, 205 2 g, 39 3 g, and 5 4 g. Third, concerning the list of n-grams and monograms (nouns here), the authors discussed extensively to decide which should be taken as the potential research topics until full agreements were reached.

Besides the word frequency analysis based on the Abstract corpus, we performed knowledge mapping (i.e., network analysis) using VOSviewer ( www.vosviewer.com ), in which we focused on the network and “link strength” between author keywords. Knowledge mapping can be employed to map the scope and structure of the discipline while revealing key research clusters [ 30 ]. Since fractional counting approach assigns co-authored publications fractionally to each author, proper field-normalized results can be obtained [ 31 ]. Therefore, we used fractional counting in our analysis. This process produced the co-occurrence network of the most frequently used author keywords. Knowledge mapping of the author keywords was an important addition to the corpus based investigation of the abstracts.

Main publication venues of HCPs

The top 20 journals with more than 17 HCPs published are listed in Table 2 . They contributed around 80% of the total HCPs (1039/1325). The highest contribution comes from Neuroimage (207) , followed by Radiology (159) . They are also the only 2 journals with more than 100 HCPs, accounting for almost 30% of the total number of the HCPs, overwhelmingly exceeding the others on the list. As the only Q2 journal (between top 50% and top 25%) among the top five (the other four in the Q1, top 25%) by the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) quantile rankings, Neuroimage tops the list with certain surprise.

Because the total number of papers published in each journal varies greatly per year and the HCPs are also connected with journal circulations, we divide the total number of papers (TP) in the examined years (2011–2021) with the number of the HCPs to acquire the HCP percentage for each journal (HCPs/TP). As we can see, the top six journals with the highest percentage of the HCPs are Med Image Anal (2.91), IEEE T Med Imaging (2.83) , Radiology (2.67) , Neuroimage (1.91) , J Cardiovasc Magn Reson (1.91), JACC-Cardiovasc Imag (1.75). That implies that papers published in these journals have a higher probability to enter the HCPs list. In terms of the latest journal impact factor (IF) in 2021, the top five journals with the highest IF are JACC-Cardiovasc Imag (14.805), Radiology (11.105), J Nucl Med (10.057), IEEE T Med Imaging (10.048) and Eur J Nucl Med Mol I (9.236) . The number of the HCPs in these journals take up a large share of the total HCPs (over 30%), implying a close relationship between the journal IF and the number of the HCPs in the journal.

Countries distribution

The top 16 productive countries with more than 50 HCPs are presented in Fig. 1 . The USA took the lead with 707 HCPs (53.358%), confirming its leading position as a traditional scientific powerhouse in this subject, followed by Germany (20.302%) and England (19.623%). It is to be mentioned that only three Asian countries enter the top 16 list ( China, South Korea, Japan ). China even boasts the fourth position with 196 HCPs (14.792%). However, scholars from outside the traditional publishing countries need to be more visible for their work in RNMI.

Top 16 countries/regions with the most HCPs

Most influential papers by RCR

During the data processing, we found that the papers on COVID-19 published in the year of 2020 had extremely high RCR compared to papers on other subjects. As an unexpected global epidemic starting in late 2019, COVID-19 ignited research interests from all over the world especially in China where the epidemic was first reported. Many papers got quickly published and cited during this period in response to the urgent needs to find treatments. If we mix the papers, paying no attention to this public health incident, the COVID-19-related papers will take up 75% of the top 20 highly cited papers in terms of RCR (15/20), which was unfair for other non-COVID-19-related papers because of the distorted impact image. Therefore, we produced two lists of ranking: one for the non-COVID-19 papers in Table 3 and one for the COVID-19 papers in Table 4 . The yearly citation trends of each listed HCP can be seen in Figure S2 (Online Resource 2).

Table 3 shows some interesting patterns. First, 9 out of the top 20 HCPs were published in Neuroimage , which helps corroborate the findings on the main publication venues. Second, in terms of the document types, reviews (11) slightly outnumber articles (9), which may imply that reviews share the same amount of citation opportunities as the articles in the field of medical studies if not more. Third, three types of research orientations can be discerned from the top 20 HCPs: recommendations or guidelines (#1, 6, 11, 16, 18, 19); processing software (#2, 7, 9); analysis methods (#4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 15, 17, etc.).

The top ten highly cited papers on COVID-19 shows a different picture in Table 4 . 9 out of the top ten HCPs were published in Radiology , which once again testifies its popularity and importance in the field of RNMI . Ai tao ’s (2020) Correlation of Chest CT and …tops the list with RCR at 703.55, three times more than Roberto M Lang (2015) with RCR at 203.92, which shows the enormous attention paid to this unprecedented epidemic outbreak.

Most frequently explored topics

Table 5 presents the top 33 research topics above the observed frequency of 38. The observed frequency count for each topic in the abstract corpus is included in the brackets. Topics such as magnetic resonance imaging (325), deep learning (191), prostate cancer (162), chest CT (145), computed tomography (141), CT images (121), PSMA PET (119), coronavirus disease (115), convolutional neural network(s) (108) and FDG PET (100) were the top ten most frequently mentioned topics based on the corpus analysis of the abstracts. We grouped the topics into five broad categories, including devices, organs, artificial intelligence (AI), images, and others, according to topic relationships.

The first group is mainly about the imaging devices in the RNMI field including MRI (396) , CT (484) and PET (279) .

The second group concerns the human organs such as brains (250), prostate (162), heart (160), lungs (153), and breast (93) . Cancer-related phrases (prostate cancer, and breast cancer) were among the top list in frequency. For the brain, topics such as functional connectivity and white matter were more mentioned.

The third group are all related to AI technology ( artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, convolutional neural networks, etc.).

The fourth group is about image information. Image quality is an important focus in MR/CT/PET scanning because it determines whether the images can been used or not. Imaging features can provide more information and are widely used in AI.

Topics in the last group constitute the core concepts in radiology. Radiation therapy is the most important treatment method for cancers. Especially when combined with MRI and CT, precise radiotherapy will be a promising alternative for cancer treatment in the future. As the method for assessing diagnosis performance of quantitative parameters, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is also the main technology. Contrast agents is the important part of CT and MRI scans. Polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard in the detection COVID-19. It is no wonder that these topics enter the hot topic list because they are closely connected to the topics in other categories.

Author keywords analysis

A total of 2796 keywords were retrieved. We set the minimum number of occurrences of a keyword at 5. Then, 131 keywords meet the threshold. For each of the 131 keywords, the total strength of the co-occurrence links with other keywords were calculated. The top 15 keywords with the greatest total link strength were shown in decreasing order in Table 6 . VOSviewer classified the 131 keywords into 9 clusters, as shown in Fig. 2 . The link strengths for deep learning, covid-19, mri, machine learning, prostate cancer, computed tomography were 79, 74, 42, 40, 39, 39, respectively. The thickness of the lines which was determined by the frequency of the keywords in HCPs shows the link strength between the keywords.

The co-occurrence of author’s keywords

A comparison between the word frequency analysis of the Abstract corpus and the knowledge mapping of the author keywords shows similar research activities, which can be evidenced by the overlapping of the high frequent topics and the author keywords. These hot terms not only reflects the important research trends up to now, but also points the direction for future research in RNMI. For example, AI is gaining increasing popularity in the healthcare industry especially in handling a huge amount of patient data and recognizing complex disease patterns. In the future, AI-based technology is bound to unfold more hidden information from big data and inform healthcare policymakers and clinicians in making effective clinical decisions. Besides, considering the complex functioning of the human brain, the research is multidisciplinary in nature. Therefore, a collaboration across scientific disciplines will better reveal the intricacies of the human brains.

To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive bibliometric study of Highly Cited Papers (HCPs) in the subject category of RNMI across the years spanning from 2011 to 2021. The results showed that Neuroimage, Radiology, IEEE T Med Imaging, J Nucl Med had the largest number of HCPs published, accounting for about 40% of the total 1325 HCPs. The traditional academic powerhouses in RNMI such as the USA, Germany and England are leading the publications while countries such as China and Italy are catching up. For the top 20 non-COVID-19 HCPs, 3 types of research orientations can be detected: recommendations or guidelines; processing soft wares; analysis methods . Reviews slightly outnumber articles in terms of document types. Among the top ten COVID-19 HCPs published in the year 2020, nine were published in Radiology, and chest CT was the most frequent used term in the paper titles.

It is interesting to find Neuroimage, the only Q2 journal in the top five, tops the list with the most HCPs. Research on human brains is increasing rapidly since the initiation of the WU-Minn Human Connectome Project in America in September 2010, aiming to map macroscopic human brain circuits and their relationship to behavior[ 32 ]. Many countries/regions follow the lead by starting their own brain projects, such as Human Brain Project in European Union, Brain/Minds in Japan, and Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence Technology in China. Therefore, topics such as functional connectivity, white matter, brain regions can be found (Table 5 ), reflecting the scientific enthusiasm in human brains. The surging research interest in brain functioning in the last decade across the globe stimulated more papers in related journals such as Neuroimage , especially after the initiation of the WU-Minn Human Connectome Project in September 2010. Besides, from January 2020, Neuroimage is an open access journal. Authors who publish in Neuroimage can make their work visible immediately, which might encourage more authors to contribute their work. It can be evidenced by more publications in Neuroimage in 2020 compared to those in previous years.

United States, Germany and England are undoubtedly the most impactful in the research area of RNMI. Historically, western countries, especially the United States, have been at the center of academic publishing, supported by huge investments in scholarly research and technical infrastructure. Besides, because the research in RNMI usually involves highly priced facilities such as MRI scanner, the developed countries with more resources clearly stand in a more advantageous position in research and publishing. It should be noted here that a HCP is usually the joint writing of multiple authors from different institutions and/or countries[ 10 ]. Web of Science will generate all the bibliometric information of the papers, not restricted to the information about the first author or the corresponding author. In other words, all the countries and institutions listed on the HCPs will be treated evenly. In this way, a clearer picture about the HCPs distribution across countries can be painted.

Scientific research has always been driven by practical needs. It comes with no surprise that Roberto M Lang ’s (2015) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification [ 33 ] … tops the list with RCR at 203.92. The quantification of cardiac chamber size and function is the cornerstone of cardiac imaging. Jointly written by the American Society of Echo cardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging , Roberto M Lang ’s (2015) is the updated recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification that guide the echo cardiographic practice with sweeping popularity. Because COVID-19 was first reported in China, most of the studies during this period were conducted in hospitals or universities in China, which can be easily seen from the top ten HCPs list. Sana Salehi’s (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)… stands as the only HCP among the top ten beyond China (in USA). From the titles, Chest CT emerges as one of the hottest phrases. The fact that most patients infected with COVID-19 had pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns helps explain its frequent use.

A great overlap between the most frequently explored topics and author keywords is identified. The hot topics can be generally grouped into five broad categories: devices, organs, artificial intelligence (AI), images, and others . MRI is the most frequently mentioned phrase. Compared to CT which only shows signal attenuation and has ionizing radiation, MRI can obtain the multi-contract images without ionizing radiation, and is widely used in whole human bodies except the lung. Especially, in the human brain projects, MRI is the main device. However, CT showed greater values in the lung disease than MRI, which can be evidenced by frequent use of CT in the COVID-19 publications. The use of PET (positron emission tomography) scan along with CT in clinical practice increases side by side with publications in this regard which can be seen in such frequent topics as PET CT, PSMA PET, FDG PET . Moreover, the clinical value of PET with MR is also increasing proven. In the future, PET will be an important device in the field of nuclear medicine and radiology.

Besides brain, lung, prostate, heart, and breast are the most concerned organ. According to the World Health Statistics released in 2020, an estimated 41 million people worldwide died of NCDs (noncommunicable diseases) in 2016, equivalent to 71% of all deaths. Four NCDs caused most of those deaths: cardiovascular diseases (17.9 million deaths), cancer (9.0 million deaths), and chronic respiratory diseases (3.8 million deaths), and diabetes (1.6 million deaths) ( World health statistics 2020: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. ). Of different cancer types, breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer were the top three most prevalent cancers, according to the latest GLOBOCAN2020 report by the International Agency of Research on Cancer, part of World Health Organization.

In recent years, AI has been a hot theme of modern technology and is creeping into almost every facet of modern life including medical research. Up to now, AI has been actively used in medical images recognition, medical intelligent decision-making, medical intelligent voice, and “Internet plus” medical treatment. As one of the first specialty in healthcare to adopt digital technology, radiology is well positioned to deploy AI for diagnostics due to digital images [ 34 ]. Gulshan first reported that AI could automated detected diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema from over 100 thousand retinal fundus photographs, with high sensitivity and specificity [ 35 ]. In 2017, Golden reported that AI can quickly read photos to diagnose breast cancer with lymph mode metastases, greatly improving the speed of diagnosis [ 36 ]. AI also played an important role in detecting COVID-19 [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In the future, AI is bound to exert greater influence on the medical field. For example, AI shows great promise in changing treatment models, promoting medicine development, reshaping the medical industry, and even impacting the career paths of the medical practitioners. It is believed that artificial intelligence will bring profound changes to future medical technology and will be a powerful driving force for future medical innovation and reform.

There are several points to be mentioned here as for the most frequently explored topics. Decisions regarding the candidate topics were not easy and involved subjectivity. It was the results of several rounds of discussions from multiple professionals. Some n-grams are discarded because they are too general or not meaningful topics in RNMI. For example, quantitative analysis, high sensitivity, imaging technique and medical image are too general to be included. By meaningful topics, we mean the n-grams can help journal editors and readers to quickly locate their interested fields, as the author keywords such as brain networks, MRI imaging, CT scans. Besides, the examination of the limited 3/4-g and monograms (nouns) revealed that most of them were either not meaningful topics such as cancer detection rate and patients with prostate cancer or they were topics already identified in the 2 g such as weighted MR imaging in MR imaging. Therefore, the final list is mostly 2-g topics.

It should be noted that large numbers of quantitative data have been used here to map the HCPs from different perspectives. Despite the quantitative nature, our study also involves qualitative analysis and hence subjectivity, especially concerning what constitutes the research topics and topic categorization. Given the rapid developments in RNMI, more bibliometric research is needed in the future to help test and enhance the validity and reliability of this research approach and to help keep us accurately informed about the trends in RNMI.

Our study also has some limitations. The subject category of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging listed in WoS Categories needs to be further broken down into subcategories and subjects in future analysis. A finer granular subject classification of the research area would have painted a more detailed picture. In additional, the study focuses on the apex of the publishing pyramid in RNMI, the HCPs. And the bibliometric indexes here are all based on the WoS SCI international journals. Although these are the most celebrated and accessible works, some other publications of similar importance or highly localized publications which do not have the chance to enter the list and are not indexed in WoS are not given due attention in our study. This less widely cited research is a rich vein for future study. At last, the study seems to show that the number of citations a review paper receives is higher than that of an original article in RNMI. Therefore, it might be more useful to distinguish the two types of papers in future method design.

In conclusion, our results of the bibliometric analysis provided the updated trends and hot topics in RNMI. And the practitioners and researchers in RNMI can be better aided to locate the relevant literature and keep informed about the hot topics.

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Acknowledgement

This study was funded by the grant from Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund of China, Ministry of Education (MOE) (Grant Number 20YJC740076)

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Supplementary file1 (TIF 720 KB) Fig. S1. The yearly publication distribution of the examined 1325 HCPs.

11604_2022_1268_moesm2_esm.tif.

Supplementary file2 (TIF 7093 KB) Fig. S2. The yearly citation distribution of the top 20 HCPs (non-COVID-19) and the top 10 HCPs (COVID-19)

About this article

Yan, S., Zhang, H. & Wang, J. Trends and hot topics in radiology, nuclear medicine and medical imaging from 2011–2021: a bibliometric analysis of highly cited papers. Jpn J Radiol 40 , 847–856 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-022-01268-z

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-022-01268-z

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Study explains why the brain can robustly recognize images, even without color

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Pawan Sinha looks at a wall of about 50 square photos. The photos are pictures of children with vision loss who have been helped by Project Prakash.

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Even though the human visual system has sophisticated machinery for processing color, the brain has no problem recognizing objects in black-and-white images. A new study from MIT offers a possible explanation for how the brain comes to be so adept at identifying both color and color-degraded images.

Using experimental data and computational modeling, the researchers found evidence suggesting the roots of this ability may lie in development. Early in life, when newborns receive strongly limited color information, the brain is forced to learn to distinguish objects based on their luminance, or intensity of light they emit, rather than their color. Later in life, when the retina and cortex are better equipped to process colors, the brain incorporates color information as well but also maintains its previously acquired ability to recognize images without critical reliance on color cues.

The findings are consistent with previous work showing that initially degraded visual and auditory input can actually be beneficial to the early development of perceptual systems.

“This general idea, that there is something important about the initial limitations that we have in our perceptual system, transcends color vision and visual acuity. Some of the work that our lab has done in the context of audition also suggests that there’s something important about placing limits on the richness of information that the neonatal system is initially exposed to,” says Pawan Sinha, a professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT and the senior author of the study.

The findings also help to explain why children who are born blind but have their vision restored later in life, through the removal of congenital cataracts, have much more difficulty identifying objects presented in black and white. Those children, who receive rich color input as soon as their sight is restored, may develop an overreliance on color that makes them much less resilient to changes or removal of color information.

MIT postdocs Marin Vogelsang and Lukas Vogelsang, and Project Prakash research scientist Priti Gupta, are the lead authors of the study, which appears today in Science . Sidney Diamond, a retired neurologist who is now an MIT research affiliate, and additional members of the Project Prakash team are also authors of the paper.

Seeing in black and white

The researchers’ exploration of how early experience with color affects later object recognition grew out of a simple observation from a study of children who had their sight restored after being born with congenital cataracts. In 2005, Sinha launched Project Prakash (the Sanskrit word for “light”), an effort in India to identify and treat children with reversible forms of vision loss.

Many of those children suffer from blindness due to dense bilateral cataracts. This condition often goes untreated in India, which has the world’s largest population of blind children, estimated between 200,000 and 700,000.

Children who receive treatment through Project Prakash may also participate in studies of their visual development, many of which have helped scientists learn more about how the brain's organization changes following restoration of sight, how the brain estimates brightness, and other phenomena related to vision.

In this study, Sinha and his colleagues gave children a simple test of object recognition, presenting both color and black-and-white images. For children born with normal sight, converting color images to grayscale had no effect at all on their ability to recognize the depicted object. However, when children who underwent cataract removal were presented with black-and-white images, their performance dropped significantly.

This led the researchers to hypothesize that the nature of visual inputs children are exposed to early in life may play a crucial role in shaping resilience to color changes and the ability to identify objects presented in black-and-white images. In normally sighted newborns, retinal cone cells are not well-developed at birth, resulting in babies having poor visual acuity and poor color vision. Over the first years of life, their vision improves markedly as the cone system develops.

Because the immature visual system receives significantly reduced color information, the researchers hypothesized that during this time, the baby brain is forced to gain proficiency at recognizing images with reduced color cues. Additionally, they proposed, children who are born with cataracts and have them removed later may learn to rely too much on color cues when identifying objects, because, as they experimentally demonstrated in the paper, with mature retinas, they commence their post-operative journeys with good color vision.

To rigorously test that hypothesis, the researchers used a standard convolutional neural network, AlexNet, as a computational model of vision. They trained the network to recognize objects, giving it different types of input during training. As part of one training regimen, they initially showed the model grayscale images only, then introduced color images later on. This roughly mimics the developmental progression of chromatic enrichment as babies’ eyesight matures over the first years of life.

Another training regimen comprised only color images. This approximates the experience of the Project Prakash children, because they can process full color information as soon as their cataracts are removed.

The researchers found that the developmentally inspired model could accurately recognize objects in either type of image and was also resilient to other color manipulations. However, the Prakash-proxy model trained only on color images did not show good generalization to grayscale or hue-manipulated images.

“What happens is that this Prakash-like model is very good with colored images, but it’s very poor with anything else. When not starting out with initially color-degraded training, these models just don’t generalize, perhaps because of their over-reliance on specific color cues,” Lukas Vogelsang says.

The robust generalization of the developmentally inspired model is not merely a consequence of it having been trained on both color and grayscale images; the temporal ordering of these images makes a big difference. Another object-recognition model that was trained on color images first, followed by grayscale images, did not do as well at identifying black-and-white objects.

“It’s not just the steps of the developmental choreography that are important, but also the order in which they are played out,” Sinha says.

The advantages of limited sensory input

By analyzing the internal organization of the models, the researchers found that those that begin with grayscale inputs learn to rely on luminance to identify objects. Once they begin receiving color input, they don’t change their approach very much, since they’ve already learned a strategy that works well. Models that began with color images did shift their approach once grayscale images were introduced, but could not shift enough to make them as accurate as the models that were given grayscale images first.

A similar phenomenon may occur in the human brain, which has more plasticity early in life, and can easily learn to identify objects based on their luminance alone. Early in life, the paucity of color information may in fact be beneficial to the developing brain, as it learns to identify objects based on sparse information.

“As a newborn, the normally sighted child is deprived, in a certain sense, of color vision. And that turns out to be an advantage,” Diamond says.

Researchers in Sinha’s lab have observed that limitations in early sensory input can also benefit other aspects of vision, as well as the auditory system. In 2022, they used computational models to show that early exposure to only low-frequency sounds, similar to those that babies hear in the womb, improves performance on auditory tasks that require analyzing sounds over a longer period of time, such as recognizing emotions. They now plan to explore whether this phenomenon extends to other aspects of development, such as language acquisition.

The research was funded by the National Eye Institute of NIH and the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity.

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RSNA Member Spotlight: Gráinne Murphy, MBCHb, BAO, MMedSc

Learn more about a fellow rsna member.

Gráinne Murphy, MBCHb, BAO, MMedSc, is a consultant radiologist at University Hospitals Birmingham in the U.K. After attending medical school at University College Cork (UCC) in Ireland, Dr. Murphy completed a one-year internship and a two-year surgical training program in Cork before entering radiology training based in Cork University Hospital and Mercy University Hospital.

While a radiology resident, Dr. Murphy earned a master’s degree in sports medicine from UCC. She completed her radiology residency and attained her fellowship of the Faculty of Radiologists (RCSI). Dr. Murphy spent a year practicing radiology in Dublin before moving to Toronto where she completed additional fellowships in body and musculoskeletal imaging, and spent a year as a research fellow in molecular imaging.

A member of the RSNA Professionalism Committee, Dr. Murphy is interested in human factors and error reduction in radiology. She is also focused on furthering the advancements that have already been made in wellness, equality and inclusivity in the profession.

Grainne Murphy, MBCHb, BAO, MMedSc, sitting at a table with a meal in front of her

What or who sparked your interest in radiology?

I first became seriously interested in radiology during my intern year. It feels like a very long time ago now, being before the introduction of e-requests. At the time, the interns were dispatched on foot to visit the radiology department with requests for scans and to discuss urgent reports. The unexpected positive for me was that the radiology registrars (residents) brought us through their thought process in choosing the correct examination and would often talk us through the findings on scans.

I realized that it was a specialty that encompassed many facets of medicine and surgery and offered a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients that appealed to me. I was fortunate that one of the consultant (attending) radiologists, Dr. Peter MacEneaney, provided mentorship and encouragement which was particularly helpful when I was considering radiology and going through the application process.

I am grateful to all in Cork, Dublin and at the Joint Department of Medical Imaging in Toronto (UHN, Mt. Sinai and St. Michael’s Hospital). I received so much support and encouragement from too many people to mention.

What has been the best professional accomplishment in your career?

In a way, I think it was organizing a course on human factors for RSNA and speaking at it. I think I might have a mild dose of impostor syndrome, so it felt like an accomplishment to be a pretty average radiologist bringing something new to the meeting and seeing people respond favorably and gain benefit from it.

I’m so grateful to RSNA for being such a welcoming and enthusiastic organization. I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Kate Hanneman, who was instrumental in taking a chance on the topic and pushing it forward, and the speakers who participated in the sessions we ran were outstanding.

Grainne Murphy, MBCHb, BAO, MMedSc, in a candid photo somewhere in Asia

What has been the biggest challenge you have faced in building your career?

I think the biggest challenge has been dealing with my own fallibility. I believe most of us want to be good at what we do, feel useful, and do our best for the patients. Realizing that error happens was, and continues to be, a struggle.

I’ve dedicated a lot of time and thought to why I made errors and trying to reduce my probability of repeating them. It’s a daily learning process and a quest to become better. Perhaps I’ll be closer to cracking the code by the time I retire.

What RSNA resources do you use to assist you with your professional development and in your daily practice?

I use RadioGraphics and Radiology frequently in my daily practice to keep myself up to date and to try to provide useful and accurate reports. There tends to be a paper answering whatever question I have, thankfully.

I’ve started to explore EdCentral and think it will be a very useful addition to my practice and continuing education.

I don’t think any other event quite matches the annual meeting . It’s impossible to get to absolutely every talk, but the virtual meeting is a fantastic resource, and full of so much material. I use it whether I’ve made it to Chicago or not. The special delight of the in-person meeting is the networking/socializing. You never know who you’ll bump into, and even the radiology “celebrities” are generous with their time and knowledge!

Grainne Murphy standing beside small single propeller airplane outside of a hanger at an airfield

When you ’ re not working, how do you like to spend your free time?

I’m very slowly taking some flying lessons, which has been an exercise in patience and resilience, thanks to various issues—including the weather. I’ve really enjoyed stretching my brain and challenging myself in a different way. Apologies to my instructors for any fillings that were broken during my landings.

I try to keep generally active and to also get to the gym a few days a week in the hope of counteracting sitting on my chair all day scrolling through scans. As an antidote to having no windows in the office, I also try to travel when I can, but have a very long list of places I still need to see, even within Europe. Seoul was a recent favorite, but having family in New York City and Ireland means I tend not to spend too long without short visits to both.

For More Information

Connect with Dr. Murphy on social media:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/grainnemurphy

X: https://x.com/drgrainne

Keep up to date on RSNA member achievements, moves and news by visiting RSNA.org/News/Announcements/Member-Updates .

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How to Write an Original Radiological Research Manuscript

Scott B. Reeder

Structure of a scientific manuscript

How to start?

Which part of the manuscript should be written first?

Drafting of the manuscript components

2. Abstract

3. Introduction: Why you did what you did

3.1. Relevance: Statement of the issue

3.2. Originality: Need for the study

3.3. Purpose: Hypothesis to be tested

4. Materials and Methods: What you did

4.1. Study design and subjects

4.2. Imaging techniques

4.3. Image analyses

4.4. Statistical analyses

5. Results: What you found

6. Discussion: What the study means

6.1. Synopsis of the most relevant results

6.2. Interpretation of own results

6.3. Interpretation of your data in the context of previous studies