research proposal on procurement

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A Systematic Review of Implementation Challenges in Public E-Procurement

Idah mohungoo.

Department of Information System, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa

Irwin Brown

Salah kabanda.

Challenges faced in public e-procurement implementation are not well understood despite past studies focusing on the phenomenon. This paper, which is based on a systematic literature review of academic papers, seeks to synthesize and examine the key challenges impeding public e-procurement implementation. These challenges are categorized using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework as follows (1) Technological challenges: e-procurement acceptance and usage, disruptive innovation characteristic of e-procurement, use of digital signatures, security and privacy of technology and technical aspects of e-procurement (2) Organizational challenges: stakeholders’ behavior, leaders’ behavior, shortcomings in leadership, lack of training and skilled personnel, resistance to change, organizational power and politics and the creation of public value underlying e-procurement (3) Environmental/Contextual challenges: regulatory framework for public procurement, Small-and-Medium-Size Enterprise issues, and context of the country. Key e-procurement implementation challenges are grounded in human and contextual issues. So we recommend more case studies on public e-procurement implementation in the future.

Introduction

Public e-procurement, commonly referred to as e-GP, is an inter-organizational system (IOS) that is intended to facilitate Government-to-Business (G2B) and Government-Government (G2G) electronic communication, information exchange, and transaction support [ 53 ]. E-procurement, which is part of public procurement reform, is a powerful tool to reduce corruption in public procurement as it reinforces transparency, accountability, and integrity in procurement functions [ 38 ]. Several developed countries such as Singapore, Australia, the UK, the USA, and Japan have successfully implemented public e-procurement systems and are reaping its benefits [ 37 ]. However, in many countries, the implementation of public e-procurement systems is perceived as daunting [ 9 , 16 , 18 , 34 , 37 , 52 ] and it is not used to its full potential.

Sub-Saharan African countries, which on average have low scores on the corruption perception index [ 51 ], have expressed enthusiasm and interest in adopting e-procurement to help to curb corruption and make significant economic impacts. However, these countries face several e-procurement implementation challenges, which if not addressed, can firstly, delay the implementation process which has cost implications and; secondly, motivated leaders can lose interest and enthusiasm in driving implementation if there are too many challenges to be addressed.

Given that public e-procurement implementation is still problematic implies that implementation challenges of public e-procurement have not been well understood to date. To this end, this paper aims to provide an in-depth examination and synthesis from an information system (IS) perspective of the challenges to public e-procurement implementation using a sequentially-phased qualitative systematic literature review approach as informed by Okoli [ 39 ]. The research question, “ What are the implementation challenges to public e - procurement? ” will thus be addressed.

Conceptual Background

Public e-procurement implementation is a complex endeavour characterized by multiple Government-to-Business organizations (G2B), and private sector companies. These stakeholders have interests and power that can influence the outcome of the Inter-Organizational Information System (IOIS) implementation [ 9 ]. Under the assumption of information system (IS) as a socio-technical endeavour, the interplay between the implementation of e-procurement and the public-private sector context is deemed to be challenging [ 55 ]. These implementation challenges should be understood in order to formulate effective strategies to contain them. Furthermore, unlike e-procurement in the private sector context, public e-procurement is expected to reflect public values such as accountability and transparency.

Public e-procurement can be understood as a hybrid of e-government, information systems, and public administration. Thus, it is highly likely that e-procurement challenges are documented in papers published in these different domains. So far, there is a lack of an integrated approach to the synthesis of e-procurement implementation challenges; and when there is an attempt to do so, it is carried out in a rather fragmented manner. Researchers have seldom stepped outside a specific discipline in e-procurement literature reviews. For example, Patrucco [ 43 ] undertook a systematic literature review on public e-procurement, focusing only on papers published in the Journal of Public Procurement. While this provides an initial view of e-procurement, such studies fail to provide a holistic view of the phenomenon given that e-procurement spans works in e-government, information systems, and public administration. To address this shortcoming, this paper offers a systematic approach to synthesizing e-procurement implementation challenges by including publications from the three domains mentioned above. The Technology-Organizational-Environment (TOE) framework [ 50 ] which is popular in studies of adoption and implementation of innovations, will be used to present the e-procurement implementation challenges. The TOE framework [ 50 ] allows the identification of the main factors influencing the adoption and implementation of innovations within different organizational contexts and therefore serves a good starting point for structuring the study – specifically the identification of technological, organizational and environmental challenges constraining e-procurement implementation.

Research Methodology

Research approach.

A sequentially-phased, qualitative systematic literature review approach informed by Okoli [ 39 ] is used in this paper. It is characterized by a sequence of activities starting with article search, followed by practical screening, a full reading of papers, synthesis, and analysis.

Data Collection

A Desktop search of relevant articles was systematically done using a timeline from 2001 to date. Based on Google Scholar, the earliest case studies on public e-procurement were published around the year 2001. Data collection was focused consistently around the aim of the research, and the keywords used were specific to the goal of the study, as shown in Fig.  1 , which depicts the different systematic passes used in the search and selection of relevant articles:

• Basket of eight leading Information Systems (IS) journals: European Journal of Information Systems, Information Systems Journal, Information Systems Research, Journal of Association of Information Systems, Journal of Management Information System, MIS Quarterly, Journal of Strategic Information Systems and Journal of Information Technology.
• Given that in several developing countries including those in Africa, e-procurement implementation is an important issue, the top 3 IT4D journals, i.e., Electronic Journal of Information System in Developing Countries (EJISDC), IT for Development and IT for International Development were also searched.
• IS conference proceedings focusing on emerging e-procurement implementation challenges that are found in research-in-progress in the respective afore-mentioned streams. The AIS top 4 conferences (ICIS, ECIS, PACIS, and AMCIS) were searched as well as IFIP conferences.
• Leading top-rated e-government journals consulted were: International Journal of E-Government Research (IJEGR), Journal of E-Government, Journal of e-Governance, Government Information Quarterly
• In public administration stream: the Journal of Public Administration and Public Administration Review were searched.
• The second pass was a backward search after the initial search yielded few papers. The purpose of the second pass was to look for additional relevant conference papers and journal articles in other domains.
• The third pass involved searching for adoption-focused e-procurement papers that were previously eliminated in the first-pass. This pass increased the likelihood of gathering additional secondary data on implementation challenges of e-procurement because some adoption-focused papers were case studies of post-acquisition of e-procurement software and thus were likely to contain facts on e-procurement implementation challenges.

Search and selection of articles (after the fashion of Gunther et al. 2017)

The data corpus, which now stood at 165 articles after the previous process, was subjected to a ‘Practical Screening’ phase to remove irrelevant articles [ 39 ] using a process of inclusion and exclusion criteria. This process required the principal researcher reading the article’s Title, Abstract, Introduction, and Conclusion, as explained in Table  1 . Following the screening, 45 papers were retained for full reading and 34 for the final analysis as shown in Table  2 . After this analysis process, relevant arguments that explain the implementation challenges faced in e-procurement implementation were extracted from the 34 papers. The key arguments were then subjected to thematic analysis in NVIVO. Emergent themes generated from common patterns in the data corpus are shown in Table  3 . These themes were then structured as per the TOE framework [ 50 ] for easier conceptualization.

Table 1.

Screening of papers – exclusion criteria

a Examples of papers that are excluded as part of the screening process

Table 2.

Breakdown of selected articles by publication outlet

a Full length paper read

Table 3.

Empirical findings of public e-procurement implementation challenges

Findings and Discussion

Technological challenges.

Key technological challenges that deserve due attention given that they are tied with human and contextual issues are acceptance and usage issues, disruptive innovation, digital signature, and IT security issues. The remaining ones pertain to the technical aspects of e-procurement, and they are grouped as ‘other technological challenges’ in the discussion below.

Acceptance and Usage Issues.

The findings indicate that acceptance and usage is an important challenge for e-procurement. The reasons were vast, ranging from techno-centric issues to broader dimensions such as dissatisfaction with e-procurement systems that do not meet the needs of users with the consequence of emergence of multiple workarounds [ 37 ]; Lack of user-friendliness of e-procurement [ 5 , 34 ]; Complicated systems [ 5 , 20 ]; Inability to enlist sufficient suppliers in a timely manner to encourage IS use [ 53 ]; The use of technology which is in tension with cultural histories of IT usage, bureaucratic processes and business practices [ 55 ].

Disruptive Innovation.

E-procurement is viewed as a disruptive innovation [ 4 , 35 ] that can drive a radical transformation, thereby uprooting some institutionalized work practices. It may conflict with the slow-to-change culture of G2G stakeholders of e-procurement [ 36 ].

Digital Signature/Electronic Signature.

Costa, Arantes, and Tavarez [ 17 ] found that digital signature, which is mandatory for e-procurement, is complex to use and is costly, whereas Ojha and Pandey [ 40 ] found that the digital signature is a means of excessive security on e-procurement causing exclusion of some suppliers. Beyond these techno-centric aspects, the use of digital or electronic signatures can directly clash with the stakeholders’ values, beliefs, and customs associated with manuscript signatures [ 49 ].

IT Security issues.

Mc cue Roman [ 37 ] found that IT security and authenticity was the major challenge in e-procurement as stakeholders had concerns and demanded more re-assurance with regards to the robustness of the security aspect of the e-procurement platform in terms of IT security measures implemented for access control, backup and recovery [ 22 ].

Other Technological Challenges.

Other technological challenges include amongst others, system integration problems with legacy and suppliers’ systems, which is an important technical issue and is underpinned by the use of different enterprise software systems to handle each stage of the procurement cycle [ 2 , 34 ]; the presence of multi-platforms for tendering which confuse bidders [ 5 ]; excessively complicated systems and; different data formats [ 5 , 17 ].

Organizational Challenges

Organizational issues in e-procurement implementation are interlinked. Lack of a project champion and problems of change management are associated with shortcomings in leadership. Resistance to change is explained alongside other challenges, including departmentalism, major reform through ICT and organizational power and politics.

Stakeholders’ Issues.

Drawing from e-government studies, scholars advocated the importance of sustained engagement of stakeholders in e-government implementation to enhance IS acceptance [ 13 ]. The review findings indicate a lack of stakeholder engagement in e-procurement implementation [ 15 , 33 , 36 ]. Scholars advised implementers to convince stakeholders to get their buy-in to improve IS usage [ 15 , 34 , 52 ].

Leaders’ Behavior.

Williams-Elegbe [ 56 ] argues that public sector leaders often exhibit unethical behaviours which can hamper the implementation of e-procurement. Leaders’ behavior was associated with the failure of past e-government projects [ 25 , 28 ]. Some leaders played overt rationality whilst having buried agendas [ 18 ], and obfuscated the objectives behind e-government to achieve their interests [ 44 ].

Shortcomings in Leadership.

In some cases, public sector leaders are genuinely committed to achieving success in e-procurement implementation, but they may lack leadership skills [ 24 , 34 ] to address change management problems [ 1 , 24 ], and become good project champions which is a critical success factor in any e-government implementation [ 56 ].

Lack of Training and Skilled Personnel.

Inadequate staff training on e-procurement results in low e-procurement usage ([ 17 , 24 , 34 ]). Furthermore, lack of skilled ICT personnel on-site to deal with technical e-procurement issues, service-level agreements, and operationalization of the private-public partnership model of e-procurement implementation are serious impediments to e-procurement implementation ([ 30 , 40 , 46 ]).

Resistance to Change.

Resistance to change is a significant e-procurement implementation challenge with multiple underlying causes. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) resist to e-procurement because they require equitable access to government business [ 55 ]. Besides, the reforms driven through e-government projects often conflict with reforms prescribed in public policies which follow the New Public Management (NPM): Somasundaram [ 46 ] found that centralization ideas underlying e-procurement, conflicted with the decentralization ideology [ 46 ] which challenged the norms of Danish local authorities; while Barca and Cordella [ 6 ] found that e-procurement faces departmentalism challenges which are perceived as a strong cultural and organizational barrier [ 6 ]. Resistance to change is also grounded in organizational power and politics [ 2 ] that shadowed the benefits of e-procurement: purchase managers were unwilling to use e-procurement despite agreeing with the economic arguments of cost-saving, and reduction of direct procurement costs related to the new e-procurement platform [ 29 ].

Value-Driven Outcome.

Unlike the private sector, implementation of public e-procurement is expected to reflect public values of transparency, integrity, and accountability [ 6 , 37 , 53 ]. If the government expects e-procurement to enforce accountability and transparency for good governance, implementation will be called a success when stakeholders make sense of these public values and embrace them, which is indeed challenging to achieve.

Environmental Challenges

E-procurement implementation yielded different outcomes in different countries, with varying success in Italy, Australia and, Scotland [ 55 ] but failure in Turkey whereby expected results of increased competition and lower procurement prices were not achieved [ 27 ]. Regulatory frameworks, SME issues, and the country context are among the key environmental challenges that have been found as relevant in this review.

Regulatory Framework.

Public procurement regulatory frameworks may present significant challenges in e-procurement implementation [ 21 , 29 , 57 ], the most pertinent ones being the mandated use of e-procurement; and the laws governing the use of digital signatures which limits the participation of SMEs in government bids.

SME Issues.

The difficulties that SMEs face with respect to e-procurement and public procurement process are amongst others: exclusion of SMEs [ 17 , 54 ]; SME lack of investment in ICT infrastructure [ 3 , 27 ]; lack of financial capabilities and contract guarantees as needed by government procurement; insufficient competence in terms of standards and technical qualifications set by the market [ 41 ]. The business context of a country, therefore, poses a challenge to the success of e-procurement implementation especially if SMEs make a substantial contribution to the GDP. In Turkey, exclusion of SMEs negatively affected competition in the market and caused a rise in prices which ran contrary to the proclaimed expectations from public e-procurement implementation [ 27 ].

Country Context.

The federal-state dynamic, especially in big countries has been found to be a key challenge for e-procurement [ 46 ], whereby the best practices underlying the success of e-procurement in a specific state were not replicated to other states as it could compromise the degree of autonomy of the other states. Considering cultural challenges, some developing countries continue with corrupt practices despite e-procurement because corruption has become entrenched in the culture. Overt and covert corruption has become the norm in these countries [ 56 ]. It is challenging to achieve the expected objectives of e-procurement, i.e., transparency, accountability and curbing corruption.

Other Country-Related Challenges.

E-procurement which is a G2B e-government project and is based on e-commerce technology, faces similar country-context challenges of e-government implementation in developing countries such as poor ICT infrastructure, language barriers, impact of local customs, norms and national culture, lack of financial instruments such as debit/credit card to facilitate e-commerce [ 11 , 32 ]. These contextual challenges are beyond the scope of this review but are directly relevant to e-procurement.

The key e-procurement implementation challenges are interlinked, as presented under the TOE typology [ 50 ] in Fig.  2 . The arrows indicate the relationship between the key challenges identified and discussed in this study.

Inter-relationship of key e-procurement implementation challenges

This study aimed to synthesize and examine the implementation challenges to public e-procurement. A multi-disciplinary qualitative systematic literature review was done based on papers published in the e-government, information systems and public administration domains. The study identified (1) technological challenges of acceptance and usage, e-procurement as a disruptive innovation and technical issues with e-procurement; (2) organizational challenges of stakeholders’ issues, leadership, inadequate training, and skilled personnel, resistance to change and value-driven outcome and (3) key environmental factors of procurement regulatory framework, the country context and, the problems faced by SMEs. These findings enlighten practitioners and policy implementors with information on the possible hindrances to successful e-procurement implementation. Building upon this awareness, future studies can embark on explaining the causal mechanism of these challenges and how best to address them in a context-specific manner. This research work focused on e-procurement implementation challenges as a whole and excluded challenges pertaining to specific e-procurement processes such as e-tendering and e-reverse auction. The proposed framework in this paper can be used in future case studies to examine e-procurement implementation challenges under each focus area of the TOE [ 50 ] and their relationship.

Contributor Information

Marié Hattingh, Email: [email protected] .

Machdel Matthee, Email: [email protected] .

Hanlie Smuts, Email: [email protected] .

Ilias Pappas, Email: [email protected] .

Yogesh K. Dwivedi, Email: moc.liamg@ideviwdky .

Matti Mäntymäki, Email: [email protected] .

Idah Mohungoo, Email: ku.oc.liamtoh@oognuhomi .

Irwin Brown, Email: [email protected] .

Salah Kabanda, Email: [email protected] .

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• How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on November 21, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

• Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
• Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

• Introduce your topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights your research will contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

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As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

• Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
• Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
• Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

• Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
• Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
• Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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Procurement Research Proposals Samples For Students

4 samples of this type

No matter how high you rate your writing skills, it's always a worthy idea to check out an expertly written Research Proposal example, especially when you're dealing with a sophisticated Procurement topic. This is exactly the case when WowEssays.com collection of sample Research Proposals on Procurement will come in useful. Whether you need to brainstorm a fresh and meaningful Procurement Research Proposal topic or examine the paper's structure or formatting peculiarities, our samples will provide you with the necessary material.

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Research Proposal On Intelligent Public Sector Client For Managing Programme/Projects (Infrastructure

Chapter one: general introduction, sample research proposal on network design proposal, network design proposal.

Introduction Any organization that has its operation on many interconnected computers remains exposed to attacks from both external and internal sources. To address the issue, a computer that operates over a network requires several measures that target to minimize possible attack. The term network security is used to describe the process of bringing together the physical and software based preventive measures to prevent the underlying network infrastructure from attacks such as modification of data, misuse of infrastructure, unauthorized access and another form of attacks.

The problem statement

Statement of the problem research proposal, business risk management.

Abstract Propelled by the discovery that existing research and literature on risk management in businesses misses the attention on SMEs (Small and Medium Sized Enterprises), this research paper intends to suggest means for the SMEs to manage financial risks both internally as well as externally for the betterment of the industry. This follows the finding that SMEs, just like large companies, face business risks and they need to learn ways to mitigate them. Key Words: Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, risk management and financial analysis

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Evaluation Of The Role Of Human Factors In Offshore Platforms And Systems In UK Research Proposal Example

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• What Is a Request for Proposal?
• Understanding a RFP
• Requirements

RFP vs. RFQ vs. RFI

Example of a rfp, frequently asked questions.

• Request for Proposal FAQs
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• Business Essentials

RFP: What a Request for Proposal Is, Requirements, and a Sample

Investopedia / Theresa Chiechi

What Is a Request for Proposal (RFP)?

A request for proposal (RFP) is a business document that announces a project, describes it, and solicits bids from qualified contractors to complete it. Most organizations prefer to launch their projects using RFPs, and many governments always use them.

When using an RFP, the entity requesting the bids is responsible for evaluating the feasibility of the bids submitted, the financial health of the bidding companies, and each bidder 's ability to undertake the project.

Key Takeaways

• A request for proposal (RFP) is a project announcement posted publicly by an organization indicating that bids for contractors to complete the project are sought.
• The RFP defines the project, for the company that issues it as well as the companies that respond to it.
• The RFP describes the project, its goals, and the organization that is sponsoring it and outlines the bidding process and contract terms.
• RFPs are used by most government agencies and many private companies and organizations.
• The alternative is a less formal process that may fail to identify the best vendor and the best plan for accomplishing a project.

Understanding a Request for Proposal (RFP)

RFPs are used for complex projects, often requiring a number of sub-contractors. They describe the organization issuing the RFP, the scope of the project being undertaken, and the criteria for evaluating entries. They also outline the bidding process and the contract terms.

The requests include a statement of work describing the tasks to be performed by the winning bidder and the timeline for finishing the work.

RFPs also advise bidders on how to prepare proposals, with specific guidance on how the bids should be formatted and presented. They generally include instructions on what information the bidder must include and the desired format.

The proposal should not be so detailed that it hinders the contractor's creativity, or so vague that the contractor is left stumped.

Most RFPs are issued by government agencies and other organizations in the public sector. They are generally required to open up competition among private companies and remove bias from the process. The agencies want to ensure that they get the lowest and most competitive bid.

However, any private or public organization may put out an RFP to get multiple bids and a variety of perspectives on the project.

For example, a business that wants to change its reporting process from a paper-based system to a computer-based system may put in a request for proposal for hardware , software, and a user training program to establish and integrate the new system into the business. A competitive bidding process may give them greater insight into the alternatives that are available.

Requirements for a RFP 

Government agencies or other entities may be required to issue requests for proposals to provide full and open competition and to drive down the cost of a solution. Accepting a proposal that is most responsive to specifications may not always mean the lowest-priced bid.

Skillfully creating a request for proposal can ensure the success or failure of the resulting solution. If the specified requirements are too vague, the bidder may not design and implement an adequate solution for the problem. If the requirements are too detailed and restrictive, the bidders’ innovation may be limited.

The RFP process begins with drafting a request for proposal. Bidders review the solicitation and submit suggestions for improvement. After implementing feedback , the final request for proposal is issued. Bidders then submit their proposals.

The customer narrows the selection down to a small group of bidders and enters negotiations on pricing and technical details. The customer may ask the remaining bidders to submit a best and final offer before awarding a contract. The contract is then presented to the company providing the best solution to the issue.

Benefits of a RFP

An RFP is, in part, an advertisement. It announces that a project is proceeding, and opens the door to qualified candidates who can get the job done.

In government, the RFP has been adopted as a way to ensure that cronyism is removed as a factor in the rewarding of contracts. It also opens up the process to competition, which can be expected to keep project costs lower.

The alternative to an RFP is a less formal process requiring a project manager to research and identify potential vendors for a project. Depending on how exhaustive the search is, the potential responses can be limited. New vendors and innovative answers may be less likely to be uncovered.

A request for proposal (RFP), request for quote (RFQ), and request for information (RFI) are three distinct types of documents that businesses and other entities use to reach out to the business community for suppliers or contractors that they may be able to work with.

• A request for proposal, as noted above, announces a specific project that is planned and solicits contractors capable of getting the job done.
• A request for quote (RFQ) is a solicitation sent to a number of suppliers seeking bids for a contract to supply specific products or services. The request must specify the quality and quantity needed, and the timing desired by the company or organization.
• A request for information (RFI) is a solicitation to suppliers for written information on the products and services that they can provide. It might be used to gather information for a database of suppliers for future reference.

Say, for example, the Federal Railroad Administration issues a request for proposals to finance, design, construct, operate, and maintain a high-speed rail system.

Interested parties submit proposals meeting the requirements outlined in the document. Based on the proposals received by the deadline, the Department of Transportation establishes commissions for further review and development of the proposals.

The DOT chooses the proposal most encompassing its goals and hires the company to carry out the work.

A Look at a Detailed RFP

This sample RFP from Chesapeake Bay Trust shows an appropriate level of detail necessary for a successful request. The proposal describes the project, provides an overview of the organization, defines the goals for the services it is pursuing and explains how proposals will be evaluated. It communicates the expected format, budget limitations, and deadline requirements.

The RFP also includes a number of supporting documents and exhibits to further clarify what the trust is looking for. This not only helps define the scope of what services are being pursued but helps interested firms evaluate schedules, logistics, and pricing.

Other samples can be found through TechSoup, a site that provides a library of how-to information and sample RFPs for nonprofits.

What Does RFP Mean?

A request for proposal (RFP) is an open request for bids to complete a new project proposed by the company or other organization that issues it. It is meant to open up competition and to encourage a variety of alternative proposals that might be considered by the project's planners.

What Are RFP Requirements?

An RFP must describe and define the project in enough detail to attract viable responses.

The prospective bidder should be able to understand the nature of the business and the goals it wishes to achieve with the project. The project must be defined in enough detail for the bidder to clearly understand its scope and all of the products and services that must be provided in order to carry it out. The format of the expected proposals must also be detailed. Uniform responses are needed to compare and contrast offers.

RFPs follow a fairly rigid format, although that format may vary among the agencies and companies that prepare them. This sample from the RTI International in North Carolina shows the elements in a typical RFP which include an introduction and background, a description of the deliverables, and information about the selection criteria.

What Is the Difference Between RFP and RFQ?

Say a hardware store is expanding its gardening supplies department and needs to find the suppliers necessary to fill its shelves. It might send out a request for quotation (RFQ) to a number of potential suppliers of gardening products. The responses will enable it to establish a relationship with one or more suppliers of the quantity and quality of goods it needs, at a price that is established.

When a company or other organization sends out an RFQ it knows exactly what it needs and is seeking the best supplier or suppliers.

An RFP is a more open-ended process. The business or organization is seeking qualified contractors to carry out a new project. The project and its goals are defined in some detail but there is room for creativity in the responses. For example, an RFP for a children's park might allow the contractor to propose the precise layout, equipment, and amenities the park might contain.

When Would You Use an RFP?

Businesses large and small tend to have just enough resources to maintain current operations. If they want to take on a new project they have neither the resources nor the expertise on hand to add it to the workload.

In such cases, the RFP gives the business an efficient way to recruit the expertise they need to get the project done.

What Happens After the RFP?

The RFP is followed by the Ps. The proposals are submitted for review. Depending on the size and scope of the project, this review may be a multi-level process involving a number of committees. Government agencies, particularly, are not known for moving nimbly.

However long it takes, the review process is used to narrow down the proposals to a few finalists who may be asked to submit additional information with a view to a final selection and a start date for the project.

The Bottom Line 

The RFP defines the project, for the company that issues it as well as the companies that respond to it. A well-written RFP conveys the intention behind the proposal and ensures that the end result will meet expectations.

It also ensures an open process. Ideally, multiple bidders will respond. This gives the organization an opportunity to study a variety of approaches and prices and choose the one that best meets its needs.

TechTarget. " Pros and cons of non-RFP vs. RFP procurement process ."

TechSoup. " RFP Library: Tips and Sample RFPs for Your Nonprofit, Charity, or Library ."

Environmental Protection Agency. " Sample Requests for Proposals ."

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Contract opportunities are published as “ solicitations .” A solicitation details the government’s requirements, terms and conditions, and the evaluation factors they'll use to award the contract.

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159 Procurement Topics for Essays & Examples

Welcome to our awesome list of procurement topics! Here, you will find the best research topics in procurement, issues for discussion, and essay writing ideas. This list enumerates only the most current challenges in procurement, hot topics in supply chain management, and much more.

🔝 Top 10 Procurement Topics for 2024

🏆 best procurement topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good procurement issues for essays, 🔍 interesting research topics in procurement, 📌 most interesting procurement topics to write about, 💡 procurement hot topics: simple & easy, 🔥 procurement research topics to write about, 👀 procurement topics for presentation.

• Negotiation Strategies in Procurement
• Strategies for Cost-Effective Purchasing
• How to Cultivate Strong Vendor Partnerships
• Ethical Sourcing and Sustainability in Procurement
• The Use of E-Procurement in Streamlining Processes
• Best Ways to Mitigating Supply Chain Vulnerabilities
• Supplier-Driven Product Development in Procurement
• Metrics for Evaluating and Improving Supply Chain Efficiency
• Public Procurement Policies and Transparency in Contracts
• Use of Procurement Automation for Enhanced Efficiency
• Procurement Management Whichever the option, a well managed procurement department and processes are beneficial to accompany in the following areas: The quality of a company’s products and services is subject to materials used in the production.
• H&M Company: Procurement and Supply H&M has to devote substantial attention to the ability of a supplier to ensure the quality and compliance with H&M’s social responsibility strategy and the Code of Conduct. Simultaneously, it is vital to assess the […]
• Strategic and Operational Roles of Procurement Within DHL As a multinational company, DHL relies heavily on the effectiveness of its procurement department to access all the supplies that it requires to meet the needs of its customers.
• Boeing Australia Limited Current Procurement Processes Noticeably, the greatest advantage of the short-term procurement improvements is that the company has by any means managed to satisfy the demands of its vast client base.
• Sustainable Sourcing and Procurement at Tesla The concept of sustainability seeks to address the environmental and economic issues affecting the business and society. The emphasis here is that such efforts should be coupled with a critical requirement that the suppliers follow […]
• Abu Dhabi National Oil Company’s Procurement and Supply Before choosing the type of sourcing for a particular product, the organization has to consider the state of the market for this good and determine its competitiveness, quality and cost margins, and significant players.
• Saudi Aramco Company Procurement Process It is the work of respective managers, who are required to assess the viability of the procedure before recommending the appropriate action to the department.
• Contract and Procurement Management The plan identifies the products and services needed for the project, the types of contracts to be used for the entire project or in parts of the project, the approval of the contact, coordination of […]
• Procurement Methods of the Construction Projects The vital significance of procurement in the success of any project necessitate for deliberate measures and consideration in the selection of the most appropriate procurement method.
• Airlines’ Practical Guidelines in Procurement Process This paper examines how airlines can maximize the usefulness of practical guidelines that can be used to implement a performance-based contracting approach in their procurement process and the value the aviation industry will acquire in […]
• Nestle’s Coffee Bean Products Procurement The procurement of Nestle Coffee’s coffee bean products is based on the direct purchase of the beans with the farmers. The procurement of the Nestle coffee beans is based on the direct purchase of the […]
• Aerospace Industry Risk and Procurement Management This paper aims to analyze the development and functioning of the procurement process in the example of Airbus. These components allow Airbus to control the information flow to and from its suppliers and to choose […]
• Contracts and Negotiation in Aviation Procurement The procurement department has to be keen during the identification and eventual provisioning of the goods or services to ensure that the management makes strategic decisions.
• Project Procurement Closeout Plan Contract close-out is the responsibility of both of the sides to ensure that all the terms outlined in the contract were followed, and all the deliverables are exchanged by the parties.
• Procurement of Goods: Decision Support System Development In turn, the main objective of the DSS is to optimize the supply chain and minimize the likelihood of stock-outs and oversupply.
• Driving Value Through Procurement and Supply In this paper, the author has analyzed procurement and supply and the aspect of seismic surveys. In ADCO, minimizing costs and determining the right place for products acquisition is the primary focus.
• Procurement Cycle for Purchases However, the HP management was later faced with anxiety due to a high degree of uncertainty of the demand and supply of the flash memory, which in turn affects the prices of the printers.
• Procurement Risks and Contract Management The processes engaged include sourcing the supplier, agreeing on the terms of service, buying the products, receiving the commodities, inspecting if the supplied goods meet the order placed, and finally, keeping the records of the […]
• Qualification-Based Selection Procurement This method is suitable for projects when the owner wants to gain the best price-quality ratio through a detailed analysis of offers.
• Centralization vs. De-Centralization of Procurement This study seeks to investigate the merits and demerits of each strategy relative to the vision of Qiddiya, which is a Saudi-based entertainment company with plans to venture into overseas markets.
• Procurement of Antimalarial Medicines in Africa and the Role of UNDP Many countries are interested in controlling the spread of these diseases by improving procurement services and the quality of medications that may be available to the African population.
• Strategic Purchasing: The Role of Procurement Department Strategic purchasing entails planning, implementation, evaluation, and controlling of strategic and operating purchasing decisions for directing all activities of the purchasing function toward opportunities consistent with the firm’s ability to achieve its long-term goals.
• Cost Analysis of the Mayo Clinic Contract Procurement Once the cost analysis has been done, the company can pick which method of costing will be employed in the future for the company.
• Construction Procurement in Industrialised Building System At the very beginning, the authors of the article began with the definitions and background of the term procurement in the construction industry.
• National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy in Canada The National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy, commonly referred to as the National Shipbuilding Strategy, is a long-term initiative that aims to rebuild Canada’s shipments, notably the Canadian Coast Guard and the Royal Canadian Navy.
• Job Description: Procurement Manager You will also provide guidance to other employees in the purchasing process for maintaining the efficiency of stock optimization. In addition, you will have to adhere to the policies of our company related to supply […]
• Contract Procurement Methods and Price Adjustment The total cost comprises the total compensation of the project cost and all the quoted amount in the proposal for the services rendered to the client.
• International Engineering Procurement Construction The contractor will be responsible for assessing the design, procurement activities, the actual construction, commissioning and the handover to the owner or operator when the system is ready for operation to ensure that it is […]
• Managing Procurement and Supply The management should know the inclusions that should be made in the contract and measures that should be taken to ensure that changes in the market forces do not affect the agreements made in the […]
• Description for the Position of a Procurement Clerk To prepare purchase orders and send them to the appropriate departments and suppliers To determine whether the amount of inventory within the organization is sufficient for its operation, if not, the procurement clerk will be […]
• IT Procurement in Health Care The use of IT in the healthcare industry is poised to make the industry become efficient, competitive, and more accessible to the clients. Luckily, the solutions to the problems bedeviling IT procurement in healthcare lie […]
• P&G Procurement Automation: A Pioneering Story of Technology In order to terminate the supply chain inefficiencies connected with “the high inventory and transportation costs and the variability in shipments”, the two companies agreed on eliminating the intermediary chain and introducing a revolutionary information […]
• The Importance of Procurement in Public Organizations The primary goal of public procurement is to “obtain the right goods, capital assets or services…in the right quantity, for delivery at the right time to the right place, from the right source…with the right […]
• Project Procurement & Ethics Success and sustainability of the project is a key factor to the realization of the set project, both to the department and the project implementers.
• Procurement and Production in Planning Cycle This objective is achieved by curtailing the collective allotment cost of allocating goods to the clients based on the worthiness of the services.
• Government and Commercial Procurement Originally, procurement is the government consumption of goods and services aimed to serve the requirements of the community. The procurement of merchandise and services by government structures for their own aims is a central component […]
• E-Procurement and It Application in the Grant Group The model for the interactions conducted through the electronic data interchange for e-procurement can vary depending on the requirements of the parties and the business.
• Procurement in Project Management This is one of the systems that are commonly used in procurement of various projects. When this system is used there is reduction of impact of work changes to work nature in the management of […]
• Off Season Fashion Sales: Procurement in Retail Karakul’s 2008 article “Joint Pricing and Procurement of Fashion Products in the Existence of a Clearance Market published in the International Journal of Production Economics, cites that in the apparel industry, the dilemma of always […]
• Ethical Issues in Procurement Management The Purchasing Managers’ Index is grounded on a monthly investigation of associates of the Swiss Association for Materials Management and Purchasing.
• General Electric Company: Procurement and Acquisition Practices Currently, GE deals in a wide a range of products and services spanning from aircraft engines and parts, medical imaging, financing and power generation to industrial products, and oil and gas production implying that the […]
• Western Australian: Contract Management and Procurement Principles The planning stage and pre-award stage of the project should include the outline of the project’s scope and assessment of possible risks, which can be addressed in the post-reward stage.
• Contracting Excellence in Procurement and Supply Between ADCO and Emirates Transport Also, the contract is beneficial to the service receiver in terms of knowledge power since it grants ADCO the right to access and audit the contractor’s facilities and information peculiar to the provided services.
• Procurement Planning in Companies The objective of a procurement manager should be to avoid such issues and report them when necessary to the company’s executives.
• Rugia Bridge Project: Conduct Procurement Max Bogl, a steel engineering and construction company, is in need of corrosion protection and hazard analysis for the Rugia Bridge project and is accepting proposals in response to this RFP.
• Abu Dhabi National Oil Company’s Procurement & Supply The procedure involved is critical in ensuring the maximization of profits and the reduction of the cost of production. The price mechanisms applied must conform to the situation of the industry and have the ability […]
• Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations’ Procurement & Supply Contracts The issues include “performance of the Services, acceptance of the Services by ADCO, and the right to require the correction of faults and deficiencies in any part or all of the Services which is not […]
• The BBC Company Procurement Strategy Analysis While collaborating with the BBC Technology in order to enhance the quality of the services provided by the organization seemed an obvious solution to the company’s concerns, the decision to be made was fraught with […]
• Green Procurement and Its Development in Hong Kong The topic, which is widely linked to the wider agenda of sustainable development, has in the recent past been a point of interest for many businesses, governments, organizations and other stakeholders.
• Saudi Oil & Gas Engineering, Procurement, Construction Due to the high level of dominance that Saudi has in the oil industry, the country plays a critical role in the determination of the world oil prices.
• Procurement Opportunities in Construction Management The choice between the four types of procurement available in the construction industry leads to a sharp rise in the quality of the result.
• McLaughlin & Harvey Firm’s Cement Procurement Strategy Negotiation is a critical instrument outlined in this document to develop the sourcing plan and is useful in improving some of the rights that stakeholders wield in the larger procurement and supply model.
• Procurement Function’s Role in Company’s Success It is possible to define procurement as the process of purchasing goods and services which are needed in order for the business to function; it should be pointed out that this term describes the full […]
• Durable Vinyl Siding Corporation’s Procurement Costs The aim of this paper is to examine a case study of a siding manufacturer, Durable Vinyl Siding Corporation, and to provide its director of sourcing and procurement with extensive information on methods for reduction […]
• Kayan Petrochemical Company Procurement and Supply The study was conducted to determine the procurement and supply chain of polymers by SABIC through the dedicated function of Kayan that specializes in the development of the polymeric material as a feedstock for the […]
• Max Bögl Company’s Procurement Management The list of the identified risks is provided in the following table where each risk factor is rated on a five-point scale according to the likelihood of its occurrence and potential impact on the project […]
• Rügen Bridge: Plan Procurement Management During this time, the company in charge of the project had not only built a bridge, the core part of which is 4100 meters long, but also contracted other businesses to prepare the surface, smooth […]
• Organ Procurement Organizations’ Activities By doing so, they can ensure that donor organs are put to the best possible use and that the recipients will, in turn, live more fulfilling lives because of them.
• Procurement Trends in the Aviation Industry Elements of performance-based contracting that have changed the procurement trends in the aviation industry include the need to achieve maximum levels of quality during delivery, and the provision that remuneration applies only to goods and […]
• Industrial Purchasing and Procurement Website This supposition is based on the fact that after the purchase of raw materials the latter will be converted to the finished product. The suppliers can connect to the customers and offer their services on […]
• Abu Hail Health Center: Materials Management and Procurement Process The purpose of this paper is to map out and analyze the materials management and procurement processes in Abu Hail Health Center, Dubai, identify the gaps and redundancies in their current SCM and propose a […]
• E-Procurement in Purchasing and Supply Management People start spending less time on the recognition of their needs, the identification of possible suppliers, the analysis of the opinions, the determination of delivery issues, the processes of placement and payment of their orders, […]
• Procurement and Supply in Managing Expenditures The first section entailed the analysis of the practical roles of stakeholders in the process of procurement. The final section entailed the application of the 5-R model to examine the aspects of the purchase that […]
• Company Procurement Management Plan The aspects of time, cost, and performance form a triangle demonstrating the cycle of the development of the project, which is rather challenging to stay within for a planner due to the uniqueness of most […]
• Public Procurement in the Czech Republic in 2008-15 The goal of this report is to measure the CRI with references to the identified risk indicators associated with public procurement in the Czech Republic during the period of 2008-2015.
• Fauquier Gas Company’s Procurement and Purchasing The manager for supply and purchasing, Bill Murphy, is concerned with the provision of the required tubes within the given time, although it is possible that the company will not be able to make the […]
• Hong Kong Textile and Apparel Industries Procurement The article “Strategic Procurement in Textile and Apparel Sourcing Companies in Hong Kong: A Practitioner’s Perspective” identifies different elements of procurement and strategic sourcing.
• Procurement Practices for Efficient Procurement Processes The author draws parallels between the procurement practices in the two companies in a bid to find out which set of procurement practices is best suited to a company.
• Michael Porter: Procurement Is Vital for Businesses Due to synergy in procurement process, the support of other companies is important to allow the procurement function to evaluate and bargain the prices with the suppliers across the market in search of the most […]
• Effects of Procurement Fraud on the US National Economy However, it is apparent that the increased movement of personnel from the private sector to the public sector and likewise from the public sector to the private sector heightens the risk of fraud.
• Procurement and Its Role in the Organization’s Processes Created by Aiden Platt, the presentation titled “Procurement: An Emerged Profession” concerned the specified phenomenon and covers the significance of procurement within an organization, as well as defines the role of the former in a […]
• Tendering and Procurement in the Construction Industry The complex nature of the collaborative construction contracts also poses the issues of mistrust, and the scandals concerning the accountability of the parties involved in the contract agreements.
• Public Procurement – Post Disaster Development Haiti In the event of deprivation of the natural resources, the investors will return to their mother country and leave nothing for the locals.
• UPS Procurement Strategy Analysis According to the UPS Supply Chain Solutions, ‘the company spent billions of dollars in a state-of-the-art tracking system and in the investment of some of the latest technologies in the industry’.
• Procurement to Build New Auditorium Documentation of the relevant issues pertaining to the project will be undertaken by competent procurement managers to plan and organise all the materials and resources required for completion of the project.
• DVS Company Issues: Sourcing, Procurement, and Overcrowding When it comes to the issue of sourcing and the issues that the DVS Company is currently facing in the given field, one must admit that the company’s problems stem mostly from inadequate sourcing.
• The Effect of Market-Type Procurement on the Public Sector In this particular context, the UK government chose this procurement model because it has the ability to increase choice for consumers, the rate of effectiveness as well as responsiveness of the service providers.
• Terms and Conditions in Business Relationships As to the ensuring aspect, the supplier is to take the responsibility for providing the described quality of the goods, which means that one is equally in charge of the production of the item and […]
• The Added Value of Procurement However, in business procurement, researchers conceptualize value in business relationships in terms of the value of the supplier bundle of products and services that is exchanged at a price to the purchaser and the long […]
• Procurement and Acquisitions The Federal Acquisition Regulations requires that the Federal agencies should influence the acquisitions of the various agencies in fostering markets in order to enhance sustainable materials, technologies, services, and products.
• IS/IT Procurement: How Automation of Invitation Tender Can Support and Assist Companies The slowest to move in to automation is the industrial and manufacturing world, but this trend has changed as more and more of these companies seek improvements on their services and production. In essence, the […]
• An Internet Based Procurement Service The company targets clients from all over the world and hopes to be a major global online procurement service provider in the near future. Therefore, the company will be able to facilitate the purchase of […]
• Development Opportunities in Procurement Service We will work hand in hand with our customers to add value and surpass their expectations by enhancing our customer service, tools, organization, and the proficiency of our personnel.
• Procurement Plan Between Silwan Food International and AGS Logistics LLC The main reason why companies outsource the services is to enable them to concentrate on their core activities of meeting the needs their customers and also in meeting the objectives of the firm.
• Project Management Procurement: Supply and Purchase It is proper for the managers to establish the evident gaps and varied needs in the institutions that require integration before the initiation of the procurement process.
• Benefits of the Public Private Partnership Procurement Model Furthermore, the public-private partnership has been able to utilize the qualifications of the management improving the efficiency of the private sectors, with maintenance of the output’s quality standard.
• Procurement Strategies for Companies When Encountering Natural Disasters The concept of procurement directly relates to the process of acquiring goods or services whether in a way that enables a company to meet the needs of its clientele in terms of the quality of […]
• The Evolution of US Military Logistical Procurement The success of the revolutionary war was attributed to the logistics employed by the George Washington as he coordinately combined the continental army and local militia and focuses his attacks on the weakest points of […]
• Procurement and Contracting Process The outsourcing process will enable the company to invest the available capital in the core of the business. The outsourcing contract has to be designed in a way that it secures the company’s independence in […]
• Public Procurement for Innovation as Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy
• Procurement Strategies: Advantages and Disadvantages
• The WTO Government Procurement Agreement and Its Impacts on Trade
• Lobbying and Contract Delegation in Public Procurement
• Optimal Procurement When Both Price and Quality Matter
• Procurement and Acuisitions Management: Fair Housing Internship
• Optimal Procurement Mechanisms for Divisible Goods With Capacitated Suppliers
• Optimal Cost Overruns: Procurement Auctions and Renegotiation
• Methods for Evaluating Proposals Bidding in Public Procurement to Internal Forces
• Managing Supply Disruption Through Procurement Strategy and Price Competition
• Technology-Based Small Firms and Regional Innovation Potential: The Role of Public Procurement
• Production And Procurement Management In Aviation
• The Agency Theory Approach to the Public Procurement System
• Improving Procurement Lead Times At Hill Air Force Base
• Fractional Institutional Endeavors and E-Procurement in Local Government
• Managing Electricity Procurement Cost and Risk by a Local Distribution Company
• Procurement: the Transaction Costs Perspective in a Globalising World
• Quality Management and Procurement in Construction Industry
• Procurement: Purchasing Management Association
• U.S. Procurement and Strategic Sourcing Activities
• Performance Indicators for Monitoring the Public Procurement
• Transportation Procurement With Seasonally Varying Shipper Demand and Volume Guarantees
• Procurement Outsourcing Strategies: Wonderful Widgets
• The Key Procurement Issues for the Client Construction
• Supply Chain Risk Management in Procurement and Logistics
• Public Procurement and Reputation: An Agent-Based Model
• Purchasing and Procurement Strategy in Food Industry Marketing
• Procurement With Costly Bidding, Optimal Shortlisting, and Rebates
• Procurement Strategy for Aboriginal Business
• Selecting the Most Appropriate Procurement Strategy
• The Procurement Strategy Selection Analysis Job Construction
• Procurement With Unenforceable Contract Time and the Law of Liquidated Damages
• Local Food Procurement and Promotion Strategies of Food Cooperatives
• Sequential Procurement Auctions and Their Effect on Investment Decisions
• Limited Liability and Mechanism Design in Procurement
• Research Design and Methodology for Procurement in Public Sector
• Understanding the Innovation Impacts of Public Procurement
• Government Procurement and the Growth of Small Firms
• Procurement, Conversion and Logistics Management
• Reputation, Competition, and Entry in Procurement
• Strategies for Managing Disruptions in Procurement
• Ways to Establish Supply Chain Transparency
• Procurement Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Procurement Ethics: Legal and Regulatory Challenges
• Environmental Criteria for Sustainable Procurement
• Social Responsibility Regarding Supplier Diversity in Procurement
• The Impact of Globalization on Procurement Strategies and Practices
• Identifying Red Flags and Preventive Measures for Procurement Fraud
• Artificial Intelligence and Procurement: Applications and Future Implications
• Risk Assessment in International Procurement in Times of Economic Uncertainty
• Sustainability in Procurement Decision-Making
• Introduction to Procurement: Basics and Key Concepts
• Best Practices in Procurement Used by Industry Leaders
• AI, Blockchain, and Other Innovations in Procurement
• Identification and Mitigation of Supply Chain Vulnerabilities
• Outsourcing vs. Insourcing for Strategic Procurement Decisions.
• How to Cultivate Strong and Collaborative Partnerships with Suppliers
• Challenges and Opportunities of Public Procurement in the Government Sector
• Optimizing Supplier Selection and Negotiation Strategies for Strategic Sourcing
• Measuring Procurement Performance: Key Metrics and KPIs for Success
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 1). 159 Procurement Topics for Essays & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/procurement-essay-topics/

"159 Procurement Topics for Essays & Examples." IvyPanda , 1 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/procurement-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '159 Procurement Topics for Essays & Examples'. 1 March.

IvyPanda . 2024. "159 Procurement Topics for Essays & Examples." March 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/procurement-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "159 Procurement Topics for Essays & Examples." March 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/procurement-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "159 Procurement Topics for Essays & Examples." March 1, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/procurement-essay-topics/.

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How to write a procurement proposal and why is it important.

Procurement is the backbone of any business, and a well-crafted procurement proposal can make all the difference in securing top-notch vendors, suppliers or partners. But how do you write a winning proposal that stands out from the crowd? Whether you’re new to procurement or an industry veteran, this blog post will guide you through everything you need to know about writing a compelling proposal. Join us as we explore what makes a great procurement proposal, why it’s essential for your business success and some expert tips on how to create one that maximizes your chances of success!

What is a procurement proposal?

A procurement proposal is a document that describes how the company intends to acquire a specific good or service . The purpose of a procurement proposal is to ensure that all potential suppliers are aware of the company’s needs and that the best possible deal is reached. A well-written procurement proposal can also help reduce costs and foster loyalty among your suppliers.

When writing a procurement proposal, it’s important to keep in mind the following points:

1. What is the company’s intended use for the product or service ? 2. What are the specific needs that the product or service addresses? 3. What are the estimated costs associated with acquiring the product or service? 4. What are the timelines involved in acquiring this product or service ? 5. Who is responsible for drafting and submitting a procurement proposal?

The different types of procurement proposals

When it comes to purchasing goods and services, companies need to submit a proposal to the vendor in order to receive a quote. There are three main types of proposals: Request for Quote (RFQ), Request for Proposal (RFP), and Fixed Price Contract.

A Request for Quote is sent out when a company wants information about a product or service and does not have any immediate needs. A Request for Proposal is used when a company wants quotes from different vendors on products or services with specific requirements. A Fixed Price Contract is an agreement between two parties where both sides agree to pay the same price for a specific item or service.

How to write a procurement proposal

Procurement proposals are important documents that help procurement professionals determine the best way to procure a desired product or service . A well-written proposal can help save both time and money , while providing vendors with detailed information about the company’s needs.

To create a successful procurement proposal, first understand the different types of contracts that are available. There are three main types of contracts: fixed price,cost-plus fixed fee, and cost-plus fixed bonus. Each type of contract has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Next, consider your company’s budget and objectives for the procurement project . Proposing a lower bid than your competitors may be necessary in some cases, but always make sure your bid is accurate and reflectable by the actual costs of completing the project .

Finally, write an articulate proposal that highlights your company’s unique selling points and why the product or service you’re offering is the best option for the customer. Use charts, graphs, and statistics to support your points. Make sure to include all relevant details about your products or services so potential vendors can easily compare you to your competition.

Why is a procurement proposal important?

A procurement proposal is an important document that outlines the goals and objectives of a company’s purchasing process. It serves as the blueprint for negotiating contracts with vendors and identifies the specific needs of the company. A well-written procurement proposal can save both time and money , by ensuring that the right supplies are available at the right price, and by avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts.

A proper procurement proposal should include the following information:

-An overview of the company’s business goals -A description of the type of products or services being purchased -The estimated dollar amount of each purchase -A list of proposed suppliers -The timeline for completing each purchase -An estimate of total costs associated with purchasing through this process

Procurement proposals are an important part of any business, and are required by law in some cases. They can help you get a better deal on supplies or services, and can also show the company that you’re serious about working with them. By writing a good procurement proposal, you’ll be able to improve your chances of getting the contract you want. If you’re unsure how to go about putting together a proposal, our article should provide all the information you need.

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