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The deferral process allows you to postpone an assessment to the next appropriate assessment opportunity

You are required to sit all assessments in the academic year in which you received tuition. If you are absent from an exam or fail to submit an assessment you will receive a mark of zero (i.e. Fail). This will count as an attempt and could have serious consequences for your ability to progress or even be awarded a degree.

However, under certain circumstances you might be allowed to defer (postpone) submitting one or more assessments to the next appropriate assessment period. Please review the  Student Guidance on Deferrals  for additional information and support.

If you are a research (ie PhD) student, the deferral process is slightly different. Please refer to the Research Students Deferral Procedure  section for further guidance.

If you are an intercollegiate student [taking courses at LSE as part of your degree but registered with a University of London programme] you must follow the deferral procedure of your home institution. If the deferral request is approved then they will inform LSE directly and we will amend your record accordingly.

To note, the deferral procedure has changed from the 2023/24 academic year. All deferral requests will now be considered by the Student Services Centre (SSC), Student Regulations Team and not by your academic department. Please read the below information for further details. 

What is a deferral?

An approved deferral allows you to postpone an attempt at an assessment to the next appropriate opportunity without being marked as absent. 

It is important to note the following:

• A deferral is not a right. Permission to defer will only be given where you have provided a completed deferral form , and have sufficiently demonstrated your inability to complete an assessment due to mitigating circumstances. Supporting evidence must be relevant and proximate to the period of assessment.
• You will need to provide evidence to support your request, guidance on what evidence is appropiate and how to upload it can be found on  evidence to support deferral requests . 
• Your completed deferral form  and evidence must be submitted to the SSC in good time and at least 24 hours prior to either the start time of a centrally organised exam or at least 24 hours prior to any other assessment deadline (which can include an agreed extension) to be considered.
• If you submit your deferral request within 48 hours of an exam start time/assessment deadline, we cannot guarantee it will be processed before the assessment deadline. If you choose not to sit the exam/submit the assessment and your deferral request is rejected you will receive a Zero Absent (0AB) mark.
• You must submit your deferral request no later than 24 hours before an exam start time or assessment deadline (which can include an agreed extension). Requests received after this time cannot be considered. 
• It will take at least two working days from the day after you submit your deferral form and evidence for the SSC to consider and process your deferral appropriately. The outcome of your deferral request will be sent to your LSE email.
• You may request to defer any assessment appropriate to your individual circumstance. You must list each component of assessment you are seeking to defer on the deferral form. 
• If you do not request to defer all components of assessment within a course, you will be expected to attempt and complete all non-deferred components in accordance with published deadlines.
• When submitting your deferral request, you should demonstrate that you have attempted to mitigate against any foreseen circumstances that would prevent you from engaging with an assessment  (e.g. requesting an extension). 
• If you do not have an approved deferral, and you do not submit an assessment or sit an exam, you will be marked as absent. Please see the  Exceptional Circumstances Guidance  for further information on what to do if an assessment has taken place.
• You should refer to the Repeat Teaching  webpages if your deferral is approved and you wish to apply for repeat teaching.
• If you have a deferral approved, and attempt the assessment anyway, your deferral request will stand and any mark you achieve in that assessment will be void. 
• If you have a query about the deferral process, please refer to the  Student Guidance for Deferrals  for support in the first instance.
• Please note, this section is for "Taught Students" only. Any research (i.e. PhD) students must refer to the Research Students Deferral Procedure  below for guidance.

Research Students Deferral Procedure

Research students are subject to a slightly different process than taught students. It is important to note the following:

• A deferral is not a right.  Permission to defer will only be given where you have provided a completed  deferral form , and have sufficiently demonstrated your inability to complete an assessment due to mitigating circumstances. Supporting evidence must be relevant and proximate to the period of assessment.
• You must ensure the evidence you provide satisfies the School's  Standards of Evidence . You must ensure the evidence you provide satisfies the School's  Standards of Evidence . Further guidance on evidence for deferrals can be found on the  Evidence to support deferral requests webpage . 
• Your completed  deferral form  and evidence must be submitted to your home Department in good time and at least 24 hours prior to either the start time of a centrally organised exam or at least 24 hours prior to any other assessment deadline (which can include an agreed extension) to be considered. Should your department approve your deferral, please return the completed deferral form to the PhD Academy for processing.
• When submitting your deferral request, you should demonstrate that you have attempted to mitigate against any foreseen circumstances that would prevent you from engaging with an assessment  (e.g. requesting an extension).
• If you have a query about the deferral process, please seek advice from your home department in the first instance.

Under what circumstances should I request a deferral?

The School has a “fit to sit” policy that applies to all students. If you submit an assessment or sit an exam, the School considers you have declared yourself fit enough to do so.

Therefore if you know you are unwell or not fit to attempt an assessment in advance of the due date, you should seriously consider making a deferral request. Where you subsequently proceed to attempt the assessment, feel you have underperformed and submit Exceptional Circumstances , the Exam Boards are entitled to take in to account that you have declared yourself fit to sit. 

A deferral request must be submitted no later than 24 hours prior to an assessment taking place. If this deadline has passed you should refer to the School's webpage for Exceptional Circumstances and the  Student Guidance for Exceptional Circumstances .

If you are considering requesting to defer multiple assessments, please bear in mind that if deferring to a resit periods, then it is likely all exams/assessments will be due within a one week or seven day period. Therefore, you should carefully consider the number of exams/assessments you are seeking to defer.

You may normally only request to defer an assessment once. This rule only applies to assessments due for submission in the 2023/24 academic year and future academic years. This means if you have deferred assessments into the 2023/24 academic year you may still apply to defer them again on one more occasion.

When should I request a deferral?

You can receive support with sitting exams and submitting assessments in the following ways:

• For non-exam formats of assessment such as coursework, essays, dissertation etc, you should consider if an extension is more appropriate for your circumstances. For further information about extensions, please review the School's  Extension Policy  webpage and the  Student Guidance for Extensions .
• In some cases, if you have a documented medical, physical or mental health condition and/or a Specific Learning Difficulty such as dyslexia or dyspraxia you may be entitled to Central Exam Adjustments (CEAs) to assist you with your exams. Please review the following  CEA webpage  and “Deadlines for applying for CEAs” section below for further information about the types of adjustments that might be available and how to apply for CEAs.  

You should submit your deferral request in good time to ensure you are informed of the decision before the assessment takes place. As noted above, it will take at least two working days from the day you submit your deferral form and evidence to confirm the outcome of your request. 

For all assessments you should request a deferral no later than 24 hours in advance of either the exam start time or submission deadline (which can include an agreed extended deadline). It is not possible to request deferrals once the 24 hour cut off has passed. 

For non exams, if you require more time to submit the work as a result of your circumstances, you should consider if an extension request might be appropriate. Please see the Extension Policy  webpage for further guidance.If you are not fit enough to complete the work even with an extension you should seek advice from your home Department or advice about your options from the  Student Advice and Engagement Team .

How can I defer an assessment?

To request a deferral use the button below to open the online form. 

Request a Deferral  

You must complete all compulsory sections of the form and indicate if you are able to submit supporting evidence  now or if it is to follow.

You should wait to submit your deferral request until  you have the appropriate evidence, so long as you are able to meet the deadline. If you cannot meet the deadline submit the request, indicate that your evidence is not yet ready and then provide your evidence within 14 days. See section on "What happens after submitting a deferral?" for more information where you are unable to submit evidence on time.

The form allows you to request to defer more than one assessment. However, if you have multiple/different reasons for needing to defer multiple/different assessments you will need to submit a separate request per reason.

If you are on a Student visa and you plan to defer all of your assessments, you must seek immigration advice from the Student Advice and Engagement Team . Deferring all of your assessments will have an impact on your visa .

Deferral requests submitted by other means, including via your department, will not be processed or authorised.  

You will receive an automated email to confirm your request has been received but not yet considered. You will receive a separate email to confirm the outcome of your request, normally within 2/3 working days.

Please review the  Student Guidance on Deferrals , as well as the  Evidence to support deferral requests webpage  for additional information and support. 

Please submit your request in good time and more than 24 hours prior to the assessment deadline. Requests received outside of this criteria cannot be processed. We shall try to confirm the outcome of your request within the next two working days after your submission.

PhD students: please speak to your department directly about deferring assessed courses.

What is the deadline to defer?

You should request to defer as soon as possible and at least 24 hours before the deadline / start-time of the assessment.

If you request a deferral within 48 hours of an assessment we cannot guarantee you will receive the decision prior to the assessment taking place. 

Please note that certain assessments cannot be deferred (e.g. components based on class attendance or participation, in-class presentations etc...). In these instances, or if you are unsure, please contact the department responsible for the assessment for further guidance. 

In cases where the 24 hour deadline is approaching and you do not have evidence, but you expect to be able to provide evidence after the deadline, then you must submit the form by the deadline. You must make your intention to defer known by submitting the form and indicating in the form there is evidence to follow. In such cases we won't make a decision about whether or not your deferral can be approved until after we have received your evidence. You will then need to submit your evidence within 14 days (see the "What happens after submitting a deferral" section).

What happens if my deferral request is rejected or I have missed the deadline?

If your deferral request is rejected, you may try to obtain further evidence and resubmit your request if there is more than 24 hours before the assessment deadline or start time of the exam. 

If there is less than 24 hours prior to the start of exam or assessment deadline it is too late to request to defer. Therefore, you must carefully consider whether or not you are fit to sit. If you are suffering from a contagious illness you must not come to campus.

If you attempt the assessment you should submit  Exceptional Circumstances (ECs) and appropriate supporting evidence  if you feel your performance has been impacted by circumstances beyond your control. You should explain in your EC form why you did not request to defer. Please note: individual marks can never change as a result of ECs. Rather, the only actions the Exam Boards can take is to either discount (treat as a retrospective deferral) a failed assessment or make an adjustment to your overall award if you receive a borderline* mark in that course and have a borderline* overall mark profile. It is not possible to discount a course that you pass even if you feel you have underperformed. (* to note: the definition of a borderline mark and borderline overall mark profile is defined by the classification scheme. As well as your circumstances, the Exam Boards also need to be satisfied you meet specific conditions as set out in the classification scheme for your programme).   

If you are not fit/too unwell to attempt the assessment you must submit Exceptional Circumstances  (ECs) and appropriate supporting evidence  so that the Exam Boards can consider whether or not to discount the absent attempt. The Exam Boards need to be satisfied you were unable to request to defer in good time and that you have appropriate supporting evidence. 

What happens after submitting a deferral?

If you provided evidence with your request, you will receive an email confirming the outcome of your request. This will normally arrive within two working days but can take longer at peak periods. Weekends and closure periods are not working days.

If you do not receive an outcome in time for the relevant exam or assessment, you must carefully consider whether or not you are fit to sit. If you are suffering from a contagious illness you must not come to campus.

If you are submitting your request with evidence to follow, you must submit this within 14 days and only once received, will we consider your request. As a deferral is not guaranteed, you should consider the guidance set out in section “What happens if my deferral request is rejected or I have missed the deadline?” as to whether or not you should attempt the assessment.

If your request to defer is successful, it may still appear on your personal exam timetable. However, the deferral outcome email you receive serves as confirmation that your entry to the exam has been removed. 

When will the deferred assessment take place?

You can find information on the re-entry webpage about when your deferred assessment(s) will take place. You will auomatically be re-entered to take any deferred, discounted or failed courses. 

Please note, if you are a finalist and defer your assessment(s) this may result in your eligibility to graduate being affected. 

What support is available to me from LSE?

If you are facing difficulties with your studies, whether for academic or personal reasons, there are many  sources of support that may be able to help. 

If you anticipate difficulties with your assessments due to a documented medical, physical or mental health condition and/or a Specific Learning Difficulty such as dyslexia or dyspraxia, you should contact the Disability and Mental Health Service  as soon as possible to find out what teaching and learning support is available and/or if you are eligible.

Most departments remove material from Moodle in the summer to prepare the pages for the next academic year. If your deferral request is approved please ensure that you save any material from Moodle before the end of the academic year. If you have any queries please contact the Department which runs the course(s). 

Frequently Asked Questions

Can i defer on the basis of work commitments or if i want to take an internship.

Full time students are expected to prioritise their studies and complete their degree. Therefore, work commitments (unexpected or otherwise) are not normally an acceptable reason to defer. However, for part time students, unexpected work commitments may be acceptable provided you are able to corroborate the need to work is unexpected. Normally a letter from your employer would be acceptable.

Will I have to pay any fees when I come back to sit my deferred assessment(s)?

There are no tuition fees to pay as you would have paid for, and received, all tuition in the previous academic year.

If you are sitting a deferred first attempt at your assessment(s) then there are also no re-entry fees due. However, if you have deferred a resit, you will have to pay the re-entry fees of £60 per full unit and £35 per half unit.

Will I be entitled to tuition/supervision?

You will not be entitled to tuition or supervision for deferred exams or assessments (including your dissertation).

Can I have access to the Library even if my student ID card has expired?

Yes, and if your ID card is due to expire you can you can request a new one .

What syllabus will I be examined on when I come back to sit the deferred assessment(s)?

You will take assessments based on the syllabus which you were taught in the academic year you received teaching for the course.

How do I register for my deferred assessment(s)?

You will automatically be re-entered for your deferred assessments by the Student Records Team . Visit re-entry for more details. 

Can I defer part of a course, can I for instance, complete assessed course work and just defer the exam?

You must be specific in your deferral request about both the course and the specific assessment (or assessments) you wish to defer. For example, if you defer January exams but still have May/June exams to take for the same courses that year, then you would still be expected to sit your May/June exams that year. The marks achieved for these May/June exams would be combined with the marks you achieve for the deferred exams once you have taken them to produce an overall course mark. 

Are there limits on how many times I can defer?

Deferral is by permission and not always granted. You will normally only be allowed to defer an assessment once and be expected to attempt it during the next appropriate assessment period. 

The School will not normally approve a deferral if it would result in the student exceeding the maximum period of registration.The normal maximum period of registration is stated in the General Academic Regulations for your programme. Failure to achieve an award within the maximum period of registration allowed will result in deregistration.

Every taught programme has a maximum period of registration: this is five years for a three-year undergraduate programme, and six years for a four-year undergraduate programme. For a postgraduate programme, the normal maximum period of registration is: two years for a 9-, 10- and 12-month programme, three years for 21-month programmes, and four years for a 24-month or part-time study of any programme. 

If by deferring an assessment you will extend your studies beyond the maximum period, you may not be permitted to continue with your studies, irrespective of any outstanding assessment opportunities. If you are unsure whether you are likely to exceed your maximum period of registration or require any further advice on this, please contact the Student Services Centre in plenty of time before your deferral deadline.

Can I change my mind after I have deferred?

Once a deferral has been approved, you will not be able to withdraw it if you submit an assessment/sit an exam.

I have a student visa. If I defer, can I remain in the UK?

Your visa status may change as a result of your deferral. The School is required to report to UK Visas and Immigration any changes in the registration status of Student visa holders. This means that your Student visa may be amended or curtailed (cancelled).

Please contact the Student Advice and Engagement Team  for more details and advice.

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LSE Law School

Assessment support and advice.

Your exams and assessments are a critical part of your time at LSE. Below is some key information to be aware of in relation to your assessments:

• Exam discipline and assessment misconduct – this outlines what is expected of you when you sit your assessments, assessment offences, late submission penalties and more.
• Becoming unwell during assessments – what you need to know and do if you become unwell during an assessment.
• Extensions, deferrals and exceptional circumstances
• LSE Standards of Evidence table   – this explains the type of evidence you would be expected to provide if you submit an application for an extension or deferral, or if you submit exceptional circumstances. 

Exam timetables

Publication of results, lse’s fit to sit policy.

The School has a “fit to sit” policy that applies to all students. If you submit an assessment, or sit an exam, the School considers you have declared yourself well enough to do so. If you experience disruption to your studies prior to the assessment (e.g. due to personal difficulties, crime, bereavement, illness etc.) you must think carefully about whether you should attempt it or whether you should apply for an extension or request to defer .  Please read on for further information about extensions and deferrals.

Extensions - Information on the policy

If something happens very close to your summative assessment deadline which means it will be impossible for you to submit your work on time, you may apply for an extension. Please remember that this is an application process and not a right.

Please read about the extensions policy BEFORE submitting an application:

• LSE Extensions Policy  – information about applying for an extension
• LSE Extensions Policy  – student guidance

Once you have read the above information and student guidance and if you believe your circumstances fulfil the criteria you may submit an extension request. Please remember that your circumstances must be sudden, unforeseen, out of your control and proximate to the assessment deadline in question, and that you must be able to demonstrate this in your request and evidence.

You will need to complete the Extension Application Form found here:

• Extension Application Form

For LLB please send your application form to  [email protected] . For LLM please send to  [email protected] .

Once you submit your application you will receive an acknowledgement from the Programmes Team and your application will be considered by a panel. Please remember to submit your application in good time, i.e. a minimum of 48 hours before the deadline, to give the Programmes Team and panel enough time to consider and process your request.

Extensions - Completing the application form and evidence

Section 3 of the Extension Application Form asks you to provide an explanation of your circumstances with the following instructions:

Please provide a brief explanation of why you are applying for an extension. Your circumstances must be sudden, unforeseen, out of your control and proximate to the assessment(s) in question. Please continue on a separate sheet if necessary. If you are able to provide any supporting evidence with this request, please list it here.

Please be aware of the following:

• Class teachers, course conveners and GTAs are not permitted to give extensions for summative assessments. You must submit your application, as stated above, to  [email protected]  or  [email protected] .
• Ensure you write your explanation carefully, demonstrating all the above criteria. A lot of applications we receive do not provide clear timelines for situations and therefore do not demonstrate proximity. So please provide dates and remember that if this is not clear your application will not be approved.
• Ensure you explain how your circumstances impacted your ability to submit your assessment on time. This must be clear otherwise your application will not be approved.
• Your application should be supported with evidence that meets the  LSE Standards of Evidence .
• Please remember the following information (taken from the  student guidance ) when submitting evidence. ‘ A letter written by an independent third party that simply repeats what you have informed them will not be sufficient . ….  Please make every effort to obtain independent corroboratory evidence of the impact upon you of your circumstances. It is best not to rely on statements of support from staff if possible’.
• Please do not submit an application and state that evidence will follow. We cannot consider an application until we receive ALL documentation.
• Ensure that all the evidence you submit in support of your application is dated.
• If you are granted an extension it will only be for a short period of time, ie, a few days.

Extensions - Decisions

Once the panel has reached a decision you will be notified of the outcome of your application. Please be aware that the decision you receive is final. The Law School would like to reassure students that every application is considered in a confidential and respectful manner. We also ask that students extend the same level of respect to our colleagues as has been afforded them in the application process.

Extensions - FAQs

Are there any circumstances where extensions will not be granted .

Yes. Extensions will NOT be granted for:

• interviews, assessment centres, internships, any form of part-time job or work placement
• any type of extra curricula activity
• IT problems in relation to either hardware or software including loss of IT equipment or work
• an assessment for which you have already received an extension (i.e. it is not possible to receive a further extension for the same assessment)
• submission deadlines that fall at the same time (i.e. when you have multiple assessments to submit, it is your responsibility to manage your workload accordingly)

What happens if I have My Adjustments (MA)?

If you have a MA recommending an extension for assessments, you will still be required to submit an Extension Request Form in good time, i.e. a minimum of 48 hours before the deadline.

If you have an MA that does not include any recommendation for extensions on assessments, you must submit an Extension Request Form and supporting evidence in good time, i.e. a minimum of 48 hours before the deadline.

Are there any assessments where I cannot get an extension?

Yes. Extensions will not be granted for assessments lasting 24 hours or less.

Submit your extension form here

Students have to sit their assessments in the same academic year in which they received their tuition. However, you might, under certain circumstances, be allowed to postpone one or more assessments to the next appropriate assessment opportunity. This process is called deferral.

Deferral requests are considered by the Student Services Centre and staff from the Law School are not involved in these decisions. All information you need to make a deferral can be found here .

Exceptional Circumstances

If having submitted an assessment or attempted an exam, you feel your performance was directly impacted by circumstances which are sudden, unforeseen and out of your control you should submit Exceptional Circumstances in order to allow the Exam Board to take your situation into account. To find out more about submitting Exceptional Circumstances please see this web page .

Exam procedures for candidates 2023/24

Assessment discipline and academic misconduct

Becoming unwell during assessments

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Tschorne Venegas, Samuel (2016) The theoretical turn in British public law scholarship. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wang, Chieh (2016) Sexuality, gender, justice and law: rethinking normative heterosexuality and sexual justice from the perspectives of queer humanist men and masculinities studies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

O’Loughlin, Ailbhe (2016) Balancing rights? Dangerous offenders with severe personality disorders, the public, and the promise of rehabilitation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Burton, Marie (2015) Calling for justice: comparing telephone and face-to-face advice in social welfare legal aid. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Burke, Jarleth (2015) A market and government failure critique of services of general economic interest: testing the centrality and strictness of article 106(2) TFEU. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stern, Orly (2015) The principle of distinction and women in conflicts in Africa. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Chadwick, Anna (2015) Food commodity speculation, hunger, and the global food crisis: whither regulation. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Saab, Anne (2015) A legal inquiry into hunger and climate change: climate-ready seeds in the neoliberal food regime. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zaccaria, Elena (2015) Proprietary rights in indirectly held securities: legal risks and future challenges. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Willcox, Susannah (2015) Climate change inundation and Atoll Island States: implications for human rights, self-determination and statehood. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

King, Saskia (2015) Agreements that restrict competition by object under Article 101(1) TFEU: past, present and future. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhang, Zhanwei (2015) Law, state and society in the PRC: a case study of family planning regulations implementation at grassroots level in rural China. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Agnew, Sinéad (2015) What we talk about when we talk about conscience: the meaning and function of conscience in commercial law doctrine. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yoshida, Keina (2015) The cinematic jurisprudence of gender crimes: the ICTY and film. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Knight, Dean (2014) Vigilance and restraint in the common law of judicial review: scope, grounds, intensity, context. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

McGaughey, Ewan (2014) Participation in corporate governance. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Xiao, Yin (2014) Analysing the enforcement dimension of regulatory competition: a cultural institutionalist approach. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Knox, Robert (2014) A Critical Examination of the Concept of Imperialism in Marxist and Third World Approaches to International Law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Meerovitch, Vladimir (2014) Investor protection and equity markets: an evaluation of private enforcement of related party transactions rules in Russia. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pearson, Megan Rebecca (2014) Religious objections to equality laws: reconciling religious freedom with gay rights. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Roznai, Yaniv (2014) Unconstitutional constitutional amendments: a study of the nature and limits of constitutional amendment powers. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

O'Regan, Karla Maureen (2014) Beyond illusion: a juridical genealogy of consent in criminal and medical law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Searl, Mark (2014) A normative theory of international law based on new natural law theory. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Coverdale, Helen (2013) Punishing with care: treating offenders as equal persons in criminal punishment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lamp, Nicolas (2013) Lawmaking in the multilateral trading system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Perrone, Nicolas (2013) The international investment regime and foreign investors' rights: another view of a popular story. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Wei Liang Wang, Daniel (2013) Can litigation promote fairness in healthcare? The judicial review of rationing decisions in Brazil and England. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Majinge, Charles Riziki (2013) The United Nations, the African Union and the rule of law in Southern Sudan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gallo, Zelia (2013) The penality of politics, penality in contemporary Italy 1970-2000. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Jacques, Johanna (2013) From nomos to Hegung: war captivity and international order. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Manea, Sabina (2013) Instrumentalising property: an analysis of rights in the EU emissions trading system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yazdani, Shahid (2012) Emergency safeguard; WTO and the feasibility of emergency safeguard measures under the general agreement on trade in services. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lucey, Mary Catherine (2012) The interface between competition law and the restraint of trade doctrine for professionals: understanding the evolution of problems and proposing solutions for courts in England and Wales. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Grušić, Uglješa (2012) The international employment contract: ideal, reality and regulatory function of European private international law of employment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ali, Perveen (2012) States in crisis: sovereignty, humanitarianism, and refugee protection in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq War. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dille, Benjamin B. (2012) Ill fares the land: the legal consequences of land confiscations by the Sandinista government of Nicaragua 1979-1990. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ho, Chih-Hsing (2012) Socio-legal perspectives on biobanking: the case of Taiwan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Viterbo, Hedi (2012) The legal construction of childhood in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

De Witte, Floris (2012) EU law and the question of justice. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Spangler, Timothy (2012) Overcoming the governance challenge in private investment funds through the enrolment of private monitoring solutions. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sasso, Lorenzo (2012) Capital structure and corporate governance: the role of hybrid financial instruments. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Boukli, Paraskevi (2012) Imaginary penalities: reconsidering anti-trafficking discourses and technologies. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gandrud, Christopher (2012) Knowing the unknowns: financial policymaking in uncertainty. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Laidlaw, Emily (2012) Internet gatekeepers, human rights and corporate social responsibilities. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Barroso, Luis (2011) The problems and the controls of the new administrative state of the EU. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Zhu, Chenwei (2011) Authoring collaborative projects: a study of intellectual property and free and open source software (FOSS) licensing schemes from a relational contract perspective. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Nwosu, Udoka (2011) Head of state immunity in international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Ronnen, Edite (2011) Mediation in a conflict society: an ethnographic view on mediation processes in Israel. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Meyers, Jeffrey B. (2011) Toward a Negri-inspired theory of c/Constitution: a contemporary Canadian case study. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kotsakis, Andreas (2011) The biological diversity complex: a history of environmental government. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Stergiou, Vasiliki (2011) The complex relationship of concentrated ownership structures and corporate governance. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dias Soares, Claudia A. (2011) The design features of environmental taxes. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Calich, Isabel (2011) The impact of globalisation on the position of developing countries in the international tax system. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Hood, Benjamin David (2011) What model for regulating employee discipline and grievances most effectively supports the policy objective of partnership at work and enhanced competitiveness? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Li, Guoming (2011) The constitutional relationship between China and Hong Kong: a study of the status of Hong Kong in China’s system of government under the principle of ‘one Country, two systems’. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

John, Mathew (2011) Rethinking the secular state: perspectives on constitutional law in post-colonial India. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Bernal, Paul Alexander (2011) Do deficiencies in data privacy threaten our autonomy and if so, can informational privacy rights meet this threat? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pandya, Abhijit P.G. (2011) Interpretations and coherence of the fair and equitable treatment standard in investment treaty arbitration. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Thiratayakinant, Kraijakr Ley (2010) Multilateral supervision of regional trade agreements: Developing countries' perspectives. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kapotas, Panos (2010) Positive action as a means to achieve full and effective equality in Europe. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Evans, E. Christine (2010) Right to reparations in international law for victims of armed conflict: Convergence of law and practice? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Correia, Miguel G (2010) Taxation of corporate groups under a corporation income tax: An interdisciplinary and comparative tax law analysis. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Pappas, Demetra M (2010) The politics of euthanasia and assisted suicide: A comparative case study of emerging criminal law and the criminal trials of Jack 'Dr. Death' Kevorkian. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Brady, Alan David Patrick (2009) A structural, institutionally sensitive model of proportionality and deference under the Human Rights Act 1998. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Franey, Elizabeth Helen (2009) Immunity, individuals and international law: which individuals are immune from the jurisdiction of national courts under international law? PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Al-Ramahi, Aseel (2009) Competing rationalities: The evolution of arbitration in commercial disputes in modern Jordan. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Upton, John Dominic (2009) Constitutional thought of Joseph de Maistre. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Brilman, Marina C (2009) Georges Canguilhem: Norms and knowledge in the life sciences. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Minto, Indianna Deborah (2009) Incumbent response to telecommunications reform: The cases of Jamaica and Ireland, 1982-2007. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Heathcote, Gina (2009) Justifying force: A feminist analysis of the international law on the use of force. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Xu, Ting (2009) Property rights, governance and socio-economic transformation: the revival of private property and its limits in post-Mao China. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Roberts, Stephanie (2009) The decision making process of appeals against conviction in the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division). PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Andreicheva, Natalia (2009) The role of legal capital rules in creditor protection: Contrasting the demands of western market economies with Ukraine's transitional economy. MPhil thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mundis, Daryl (2008) The law of naval exclusion zones. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Yong, Benjamin (2008) Becoming national: Contextualising the construction of the New Zealand nation-state. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Reynolds, Michael Paul (2008) Caseflow management: A rudimentary referee process, 1919-1970. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mettraux, Guenael (2008) Command responsibility in international law---the boundaries of criminal liability for military commanders and civilian leaders. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Shim, Jaejin (2008) Equality or the right to work? Explanation and justification of anti-discrimination rights in employment. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Webb, Charlie Edward James (2008) Property, unjust enrichment and restitution. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kulovesi, Kati (2008) The WTO dispute settlement system and the challenge of environment and legitimacy. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Dinniss, Heather Harrison (2008) The status and use of computer network attacks in international humanitarian law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Fasan, Oluseto (2007) Compliance with WTO law in developing countries: A study of South Africa and Nigeria. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Khasawneh, Bisher Hani (2007) An appraisal of the right of return and compensation of Jordanian nationals of Palestinian refugee origin and Jordan's right, under international law, to bring claims relating thereto, on their behalf to and against Israel and to seek compensation as a host state in light of the conclusion of the Jordan-Israel peace treaty of 1994. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Amodu, Tola (2007) The transformation of planning agreements as regulatory instruments in land-use planning in the twentieth century. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Panijpan, Kris (2006) Market dynamics in corporate governance: Lessons from recent developments in English law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Park, Jungwon (2006) Minority rights constraints on a state's power to regulate citizenship under international law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Kyprianou, Despina (2006) The role of the Cyprus attorney general's office in prosecutions: Rhetoric, ideology and practice. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Killick, Evan (2005) Living apart: separation and sociality amongst the Ashéninka of Peruvian Amazonia. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Menuchin, Shay Nisan (2005) The dilemma of international tax arbitrage: A comparative analysis using the cases of hybrid financial instruments and cross-border leasing. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Le, Net (2004) Refusal to license: Abuse of dominant position and switching costs. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Sideri, Katerina (2003) The European Commission and the construction of information society: Regulatory law from a processual perspective. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja Ann Jozef (1998) International environmental law and naval war: The effect of marine safety and pollution conventions during international armed conflict. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mohamed, Mohamed Sameh Ahmed (1997) The role of the International Court of Justice as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Jurgielewicz, Lynne (1994) Global environmental change and international law: prospects for progress in the legal order. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Douzinas, Constantinos (1983) Constitutional law and freedom of expression: a critique of the Constitution of the public sphere in legal discourse and practice with special reference to 20th century American law and jurisprudence. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Lyall, Andrew Bremner (1980) The social origins of property and contract: a study of East Africa before 1918. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Harlow, Carol (1979) Administrative liability: a comparative study of French and English Law. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Reynolds, James Isaac (1974) The slum tenant and the common law: a comparative study. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Edwards, Adolph (1968) The development of criminal law in Jamaica up to 1900. PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.

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LSE graduate student wins prestigious Stanford scholarship

The ability to learn how to make an impact through our legal and political institutions from the best in the world is unparalleled.

LSE graduate student David Millman has been selected for the prestigious Knight-Hennessy Scholarship program at Stanford University to pursue a JD in Law. Millman is one of just 90 students chosen from over 8000 applicants.

Currently pursuing a Master of Science in Local Economic Development at LSE, Millman aims to use his law degree to address the American housing crisis through a career in public interest law.

“The ability to learn how to make an impact through our legal and political institutions from the best in the world is unparalleled,” Millman said. “As someone who has worked as a student body president, a zoning district author, and as a sexual violence prevention advocate, each step of my advocacy has centered around leveraging our institutions to affect positive change. Having a legal education will empower me to make a greater impact.”

The Knight-Hennessy Scholarship provides postgraduate fellowships across all seven of Stanford’s graduate schools, covering up to three years of tuition and stipends for living, academic, and travel expenses.

As part of the fellowship, Millman will benefit from leadership development programming, including mentorship, networking opportunities, workshops, and projects designed to prepare scholars for leadership positions across various sectors and to tackle complex global challenges.

Knight-Hennessy scholars are assessed based on three criteria: independence of thought, purposeful leadership, and civic mindset. During his undergraduate studies at Dartmouth College, Millman served in student government and engaged in civic activism, writing legislation and campaigning for housing reform. At LSE, he has begun a dissertation on the economic barriers faced by those experiencing homelessness in Central London and presented his work to Parliament after winning the Phelan US Centre’s essay competition .

“From world-class academics in the classroom to Nobel Prize winning guest speakers, LSE has uniquely allowed me to be surrounded by ways to improve my own understanding of economic and political issues,” Millman said. “As someone looking to make a positive impact on the world, LSE allowed me to focus on academics that had the central purpose of bettering society.”

For more information about the Knight-Hennessy Scholarship, please visit: https://knight-hennessy.stanford.edu/ .

News Article

Exam period: extensions, deferrals and ecs.

Avinash Mandalia

Exam season can be a very stressful time, and you may be facing difficulties with meeting your deadlines or studying for the exams. If you are struggling with your assessments this year and feel that your circumstances are going to have an impact on your performance, below are some options you might want to consider. You can find more information about the different options on the  LSE website .

You might want to seek an extension if you have assessments with upcoming deadlines, and think that you’ll need more time to complete the work due to unforeseen circumstances. Extensions can only be given for coursework assessments, or for take-home exams longer than 24 hours. You will need to request an extension before the deadline (ideally, as soon as you think you will need one). The maximum extension you can be given is 50% of the assessment period concerned (so, for example, if you had two weeks to submit the work, you could get an extension of one additional week at most).

To request an extension, you’ll need to submit an  Extension Request Form  to your department. In the form, you need to explain your reasons for seeking an extension, and you’ll need to provide evidence to support your claim. This evidence should meet the  LSE Standards of Evidence Guidelines .

Remember that all extension requests must be submitted before the deadline! If your request is not accepted, or you submit the request after the deadline, and you submit the work late, LSE will impose late submission penalties on your work.

If you have upcoming exams or deadlines and you don’t think you’ll be able to perform your best, you could consider seeking a deferral to postpone them. This will let you take the exam or submit the assessment at a later date (generally, this means the next exam period for your program).

To apply for a deferral, you’ll need to complete the  Deferral Form  and attach supporting evidence of your situation. You will need to submit evidence that meets the  LSE Standards of Evidence . Make sure that you clearly explain in the form your reasons and how they will impact your ability to take the exam. If you want a deferral based on other reasons, you will still need to submit evidence as well.

After filling out the form, you need to speak with your Academic Mentor and gain approval from your Programme. You can seek a deferral up to the day of your exam, but it is always better to start the process earlier.

If you have a student visa, it’s important to keep in mind that having a deferral in place might alter you visa status. You should speak to the  LSE Student Advice and Engagement Team , who will be able to give you detailed guidance and advice.

EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES

A key thing to know is that the school operates a “fit to sit” policy, which means that by taking an assessmentor exam, you are declaring yourself fit and able to do so. That’s why it’s important to try to get a deferral or extension if you’re aware of the circumstances before your exam. However, sometimes life gets in the way and this isn’t possible. If you attempt your assessment while unwell and it impacts your work, or you miss the assessment without being able to receive a deferral or extension, you may be able to submit a claim for Exceptional Circumstances. This makes the Exam Board aware of your circumstances and allows them to take it into consideration for your final classification. This application won’t change your individual marks, but it can change your final classification. It can also lift a late submission penalty or discount a failed attempt.

If you decide to submit an Exceptional Circumstances claim, you’ll need to submit the  EC form  to the Student Services Centre, along with any relevant evidence about your situation. Again, this evidence should meet the  LSE Standards of Evidence guidelines . The form should be submitted no later than 7 working days after your final assessment of the academic year, and you will not receive the results of your application until the release of your final results.

If you need further information about any of these applications, feel free to get in touch with the Advice Team!  This is a challenging time, and we are always happy to provide more guidance. You can reach us at: [email protected] or find us online at  LSESU Advice .

Good luck with all your assessments!

Blog written by Gerda Kovacs.

Gerda works as an Advice Assistant at the LSESU Advice Service.

THE LSESU ADVICE TEAM

The LSESU Advice Team is based on the 3rd floor of the Saw Swee Hock Building and we provide free, independent and confidential advice to all LSE students on academic and housing matters. We also administer the Hardship Fund, the Childcare Fund and the Graduation Gown Support Fund (GGSF).

Our service is currently operating using a hybrid working pattern. We are still open and can be accessed by emailing [email protected] . You can also book a telephone or Zoom appointment with an adviser through Student Hub .

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