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Looking Back: Typhoon Yolanda

Give2Asia reports back to the public on projects funded in response to disasters.

cause and effect yolanda essay

In 2013, Typhoon Yolanda (also know as Typhoon Haiyan) struck the Philippines and was the deadliest typhoon in the country’s history. Over six thousand people lost their lives and over 1 million people’s homes were damaged, displacing over 600,000 people. Here is how Give2Asia’s local partners engaged in the response.

Disaster Strikes the Philippines

On November 7th, 2013 Typhoon Yolanda hit the Philippines with gusts of up to 235 mph. While the Philippines is no stranger to the power of tropical storms, it was not prepared for the devastating effects of Typhoon Yolanda, which was one of the strongest storms ever recorded. The fact that the Philippines is comprised of over 7,000 islands leaves the country particularly vulnerable to strong winds and storm surges. In the Philippines, a vast number of inhabitants live in areas with poor infrastructure and housing, which made Typhoon Yolanda especially dangerous. In the wake of Yolanda’s destruction, thousands lost their lives, 4.1 million people were left displaced from their homes, and 6 million workers were left without means to support their livelihood.

Typhoon Yolanda caused severe damage to some of the Philippines biggest sources of income, destroying coconut farms all over the islands, leaving over a million coconut farmers without a means to support themselves as they’ve had to wait years for their farms to recover. The typhoon also greatly affected local fisheries, which is one of the Philippines most important sectors, employing 1.6 million people.

Many families lost everything during Typhoon Yolanda and were left struggling once the storm was over. The lack of options for transitional and permanent housing prolonged the displacement for many families ,  many of which are still trying to recover.

Actions Taken: Recovery Projects Funded Through Give2Asia

Give2Asia knows how important the mid- to long-term recovery phases can be following natural disasters like Typhoon Yolanda. Generous contributions from the Give2Asia donors funded multiple projects in response to Typhoon Yolanda. Two of these projects focused on the community of Maliwaliw, which was one of the hardest hit during the storm.

Project 1: Building Back Better in Maliwaliw: Family-Driven House Construction 2015 Grant

The hope in training builders on how to construct disaster-resilient houses is that it will improve the community’s resistance to future natural disasters in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. Housing is a crucial step in allowing families in Maliwaliw to focus on other essential matters like livelihood and the education of their children. So far with the help of our partner, Build Change, 31 of 49 houses have been built with the rest of the houses in various stages of construction. By having Build Change teach local community members carpentry and construction skills, the project offered these community members an opportunity to apply these skills by volunteering their labor hours.  The community’s volunteer hours helped the project reach more families than would have otherwise been possible, and also ensures that the community members can sustainably maintain what has been built in Maliwaliw.

cause and effect yolanda essay

Project 2: Building Lives and Livelihood of Typhoon Haiyan Affected Families in Maliwaliw, Salcedo, Eastern Samar

One of the livelihood projects that the Guiuan Development Foundation supported established sites for beekeeping. As the fishing grounds in Maliwaliw will take years to recover, these beekeeping sites will provide alternative sources of livelihood for families affected by the typhoon. Before the typhoon, no one in the community knew how to raise bees for honey production. Now, 10 local women have been trained on raising bees and a new business venture has been established in the community.

With the support of the Guiuan Development Foundation, the Maliwaliw community will continue to invest in alternative sources of livelihood. These community-based projects both bring the Maliwaliw community together and bring it closer to recovering from the effects of Typhoon Yolanda.

Final Disaster Overview

Typhoon Yolanda had a devastating effect on many communities in the Philippines. Give2Asia’s network raised funds and helped communities like Maliwaliw recover from Typhoon Yolanda and prepare for future natural disasters. These funds have helped build new disaster-resilient homes, trained contractors and builders, and supported livelihood programs. Give2Asia’s donors have helped build more resilient communities by investing in long-term recovery efforts.

We hope that ongoing investments in disaster preparedness will reduce the impacts of future disasters in vulnerable countries like the Philippines. There are many projects in need of funding which focus entirely on disaster preparedness. Please review them through our  Disaster Preparedness Catalog  and consider funding one of these initiatives to contribute to the future well-being of vulnerable regions in Asia.

  • Disaster Preparedness Catalog
  • USAID Fact Sheet on Typhoon Yolanda
  • Disaster Emergency Committee – Philippines Typhoon Facts and Figures
  • CNN Article, “Super Typhoon Haiyan, one of strongest storms ever, hits central Philippines”
  • World Fishing & Aquaculture Article, “Philippines steps up assistance to small scale fishermen”

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  • > Southeast Asian Affairs 2015
  • > Typhoon Yolanda: The Politics of Disaster Response and Management

cause and effect yolanda essay

Book contents

  • Frontmatter

Introduction

  • Acknowledgements
  • BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
  • THE PHILIPPINES
  • The Philippines in 2014: The More Things Stay the Same
  • Typhoon Yolanda: The Politics of Disaster Response and Management
  • TIMOR-LESTE

from THE PHILIPPINES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2017

On 8 November 2013, typhoon Yolanda (internationally referred to as Haiyan), the strongest recorded typhoon ever to make landfall hit central Philippines, with wind speeds of more than 300 km/hour and storm surges of over four metres. Yolanda's impact was massive. It passed through 171 cities and municipalities in fourteen provinces in the country leading to an estimated 6,300 deaths, over a thousand people missing, around 1.5 million families (around 7.5 million individuals) displaced, and in all affecting 3.4 million families (about 16 million people) and damaging or destroying a million homes.

Experts opine that in some ways the impact of Yolanda was greater than the Haiti earthquake in terms of shelter damage (affecting about 475,000 people in 95,000 households) or the 2004 tsunami in terms of total number of people affected (about 2.3 million). Yolanda's total economic impact, estimated to reach US$10 billion in damages, was considered one of the top two most destructive disasters in the world during 2013.

The enormity of the disaster overwhelmed the administration of President Benigno Aquino whose response during the first few days of the crisis was widely criticized. The local governments of most of the affected areas, particularly Tacloban City, which suffered the most devastation, were caught unaware and took some time to get back on their feet and start organizing relief response. Meanwhile, haunting images broadcast internationally by the global media galvanized an unprecedented international response for relief and aid. However, due to logistical challenges, aid items took time to reach the ground. The Philippine Government, in partnership with national and international humanitarian actors, led the massive efforts to clear the roads, re-establish power systems and provide a range of life-saving humanitarian support to millions of people.

While progress could be seen and the focus had shifted from relief to recovery and rehabilitation a year after the typhoon, much remained to be done in terms of infrastructure, social services, resettlement and livelihood. In fact as of November 2014, many of the affected still lived in temporary shelters as only about 2,000 of the 205,000 permanent homes needed had been built. Meanwhile, replanting of the 33 million coconut trees could not be done immediately because of the huge task of clearing debris. In short, the level of recovery and reconstruction tasks ahead is enormous.

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  • By Lorraine Carlos Salazar , Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS), Singapore
  • Edited by Daljit Singh
  • Book: Southeast Asian Affairs 2015
  • Online publication: 19 May 2017

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Home / Essay Samples / Environment / Natural Disasters / Typhoon Yolanda: A Tale of a Boy Who Survived

Typhoon Yolanda: A Tale of a Boy Who Survived

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Cause & effect essays Aka reason and result

The Cause and effect essay is another common essay type, either as an essay type on its own, or as part of a larger essay which includes one or more paragraphs examining causes and effects. This page gives information on what a cause and effect essay is , how to structure this type of essay, and how to use cause and effect structure words (transition signals) for this type of essay. There is also an example cause and effect essay on the topic of women at work, as well as some exercises to help you practice this area.

What are cause & effect essays?

cause

For another look at the same content, check out YouTube » or Youku » , or this infographic » .

cause and effect yolanda essay

A cause and effect essay looks at the reasons (or causes) for something, then discusses the results (or effects). For this reason, cause and effect essays are sometimes referred to as reason and result essays. They are one of the most common forms of organisation in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though sometimes this may be only part of the whole essay. It is also possible, especially for short exam essays, that only the causes or the effects, not both, are discussed. See the examples below.

  • Discuss the causes and effects of global warming ['cause and effect' essay]
  • Explain the high death rate in Chernobyl ['causes' only essay]
  • Discuss the WTO and its effects on the Chinese economy ['effects' only essay]

There are two main ways to structure a cause and effect essay. These are similar to the ways to structure problem-solution essays , namely using a block or a chain structure. For the block structure, all of the causes are listed first, and all of the effects are listed afterwards. For the chain structure, each cause is followed immediately by the effect. Usually that effect will then be the cause of the next effect, which is why this structure is called 'chain'. Both types of structure have their merits. The former is generally clearer, especially for shorter essays, while the latter ensures that any effects you present relate directly to the causes you have given.

The two types of structure, block and chain , are shown in the diagram below.





Cause and Effect Structure Words

Cause and effect structure words are transition signals which show the cause and effect relationships. It is important to be clear which is the cause (or reason) and which is the effect (or result), and to use the correct transition word or phrase. Remember that a cause happens first , and the effect happens later .

Below are some common cause and effect structure words. X is used to indicate a cause, while Y is used to indicate the effect.

  • The first cause of (Y) is (X)
  • The next reason is (X)
  • Because of (X), (Y)
  • As a result of (X), (Y)
  • As a consequence of (X), (Y)
  • because/since/as (X)
  • to result from (X)
  • (X) results in (Y)
  • to be the result of (X)
  • (Y) is due to (X)
  • Owing to (X), (Y)
  • (Y) is because of (X)
  • (Y) is the effect of (X)
  • (Y) is the consequence of (X)
  • Worsening pollution levels in cities are due to the increased use of cars.
  • Because of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.
  • As a result of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.
  • The effect of the increased use of cars is a worsening of pollution levels in cities.
  • The first effect of (X) is (Y)
  • Another result of (X) is (Y)
  • As a result, (Y)
  • As a consequence, (Y)
  • Consequently (Y)
  • Therefore, (Y)
  • (X) causes (Y)
  • (X) has an effect on (Y)
  • (X) affects (Y)
  • (X) is one of the causes of (Y)
  • (X) is the reason for (Y)
  • Cars are used increasingly for urban transport. As a consequence , pollution levels in cities are worsening.
  • Increased use of cars for urban transport adversely affects pollution levels in cities.
  • Increased use of cars for urban transport is one of the causes of worsening pollution levels in cities.

Example essay

Below is a cause and effect essay. This essay uses the block structure . Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay, i.e. Causes, Effects, and structure words. This will highlight not simply the paragraphs, but also the thesis statement and summary , as these repeat the causes and effects contained in the main body.

Title: More and more women are now going out to work and some women are now the major salary earner in the family. What are the causes of this, and what effect is this having on families and society?

 
  
   
 

In the past, most women stayed at home to take care of domestic chores such as cooking or cleaning. Women's liberation and feminism have meant that this situation has been transformed and in contemporary society women are playing an almost equal role to men in terms of work. This has had significant consequences , both in terms of the family , for example by improving quality of life and increasing children's sense of independence , and also for society itself with greater gender equality . The main reasons behind the increase of women in the workplace are women's liberation and feminism. The women's liberation movement originated in the 1960s and was popularised by authors such as Simone de Beauvoir. As a consequence of this, new legislation emerged, granting women equal rights to men in many fields, in particular employment. Because of feminist ideas, men have taken up roles which were previously seen as being for women only, most importantly those related to child rearing. As a result of this, women have more time to pursue their own careers and interests. These have led to some significant effects, both to family life and to society as a whole. Although the earning capacity of a woman in her lifetime is generally much less than that of a man, she can nevertheless make a significant contribution to the family income. The most important consequence of this is an improved quality of life. By helping to maintain a steady income for the family, the pressure on the husband is considerably reduced, hence improving both the husband's and the wife's emotional wellbeing. Additionally, the purchasing power of the family will also be raised. This means that the family can afford more luxuries such as foreign travel and a family car. A further effect on the family is the promotion of independence in the children. Some might argue that having both parents working might be damaging to the children because of a lack of parental attention. However, such children have to learn to look after themselves at an earlier age, and their parents often rely on them to help with the housework. This therefore teaches them important life skills. As regards society, the most significant impact of women going to work is greater gender equality. There are an increasing number of women who are becoming politicians, lawyers, and even CEOs and company managers. This in turn has led to greater equality for women in all areas of life, not just employment. For example, women today have much stronger legal rights to protect themselves against domestic violence and sexual discrimination in the workplace. In conclusion, the increasing number of women at work has brought about some important changes to family life, including improved quality of life and increased independence for children, as well as affecting society itself. It is clear that the sexes are still a long way from being equal in all areas of life, however, and perhaps the challenge for the present century is to ensure that this takes place.

 
 
 

Academic Writing Genres

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Below is a checklist for cause and effect essays. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.

The essay is a essay
An appropriate is used, either or
Cause and effect are used accurately
The essay has clear
Each paragraph has a clear
The essay has strong support (facts, reasons, examples, etc.)
The conclusion includes a of the main points

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Find out how to write problem-solution essays in the next section.

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  • Compare/contrast

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Author: Sheldon Smith    ‖    Last modified: 16 January 2022.

Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .

Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.

Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).

Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.

Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).

Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.

Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.

COMMENTS

  1. Looking Back: Typhoon Yolanda

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    4. Using Transitional Words and Phrases. Use transitional words and phrases to ensure a smooth flow of ideas and improve the readability of your essay. Words and phrases such as "because," "as a result," "therefore," and "consequently" can help signal the cause and effect relationships in your writing. 5.

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    Introduction. Write your introduction in two sentences: Sentence 1 - paraphrase the statement (you can use ' nowadays/today/these days ' to start): Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly growing. Sentence 2 - say what you'll write about in your essay: This essay will discuss the main reasons of this epidemic and then ...

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  18. A Guide to Writing a Cause and Effect Essay

    A cause and effect essay is a type of expository essay that explores its topic by discussing the issue's causes and consequences. For example, a cause and effect essay about deforestation's role in climate change might discuss a few of deforestation's specific causes, like a demand for wood and the clearing of land for grazing pastures ...

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