case study on political parties class 10

Case Study Questions Class 10 Civics – Political Parties

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Case study Questions on Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 6  are very important to solve for your exam. Class 10 Social Science Chapter 6 Case Study Questions Class 10 Civics have been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving case study-based questions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 6 Political Parties

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In CBSE Class 10 Social Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on  Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Political Parties Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Social Science  Chapter 6 Political Parties

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1: We can understand the necessity of political parties by imagining a situation without parties. Every candidate in the elections will be independent. So no one will be able to make any promises to the people about any major policy changes. The government may be formed, but its utility will remain ever uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to their locality. But no one will be responsible for how the country will be run. We can also think about it by looking at the non-party based elections to the Panchayat in many states. Although the parties do not contest formally, it is generally noticed that the village gets split into more than one faction, each of which puts up a panel of its candidates. Thus it is exactly what the party does. That is the reason we find political parties in almost all countries of the world whether these countries are big or small, old or new, developed or developing.

The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. As we have seen, large societies need representatives of democracy. As societies became large and complex, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.

(i) Why is the existence of a Political Party necessary for democracy? (a) Political Parties help to develop a public opinion. (b) No independent candidate can make any promise to the people. (c) Independent elected representatives are only responsible for their own constituency. (d) Political Parties helps to inculcate insecurity among the people

Answer: (a) Political Parties help to develop a public opinion.

(ii) ‘Political Faction’ means a group of individuals within a political party that share a …………….. . Identify. (a) Balanced view (b) Common political purpose (c) Regional and communal diversities (d) Ideal political structure

Answer: (b) Common political purpose

iii) Consider the following statements about political parties and choose the correct option. I. Political Parties are a necessary condition for democracy. II. PoliticalPartieshelpthegovernmenttomake policies. III. Political Parties justify or oppose the representative governments. Options (a) Only I (b) Both I and II (c) Both II and III (d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

(iv) Which of the following describes representative democracy? (a) It is not a common form of democracy in the modern age. (b) It involves direct participation. (c) It involves indirect participation through elected representatives. (d) It was the most prevalent form of democracy in the Colonial Era

Answer: (c) It involves indirect participation through elected representatives.

(v) Why does a large society need representative democracies? (a) To form a responsible government. (b) To form an ideal form of government. (c) To gather public opinions. (d) To resolve issues of minority communities

Answer: (a) To form a responsible government.

(vi) Why can’t modern democracies exist without political parties? (a) As the utility of government will remain uncertain in nature. (b) Loss of Accountability towards people. (c) State responsibility will lead to national integration. (d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

Case Study 2: The chapter “Political Parties” in Class 10 Civics explores the role and significance of political parties in a democratic system. It delves into the functions of political parties, such as contesting elections, forming governments, and representing the interests and aspirations of the people. The chapter discusses the various types of political parties, including national parties, state parties, and regional parties, and their organizational structure. It also highlights the challenges faced by political parties, such as money and muscle power, lack of internal democracy, and the influence of caste, religion, and money in politics. Additionally, the chapter examines the importance of political parties in promoting political awareness, providing a platform for participation, and fostering accountability in governance.

Which chapter in Class 10 Civics focuses on political parties?

a) Chapter 2: Federalism

b) Chapter 4: Gender, Religion, and Caste

c) Chapter 6: Political Parties

d) Chapter 8: Challenges to Democracy

Answer: c) Chapter 6: Political Parties

What are some of the functions of political parties discussed in the chapter?

a) Only contesting elections

b) Only forming governments

c) Only representing the interests of the people

d) Contesting elections, forming governments, and representing the interests of the people

Answer: d) Contesting elections, forming governments, and representing the interests of the people

What are some of the challenges faced by political parties?

a) Internal democracy and transparency

b) Social equality and inclusivity

c) Money and muscle power, lack of internal democracy, and the influence of caste, religion, and money in politics

d) Promoting political awareness and accountability

Answer: c) Money and muscle power, lack of internal democracy, and the influence of caste, religion, and money in politics)

How do political parties contribute to democracy?

a) By suppressing political awareness

b) By limiting participation

c) By promoting political awareness and providing a platform for participation

d) By restricting accountability in governance

Answer: c) By promoting political awareness and providing a platform for participation

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 6 Political Parties with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about the CBSE Class 10 Social Science Political Parties Case Study and Passage-Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible By Team Study Rate

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Power Sharing

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science Political Science Power Sharing. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Power Sharing.

Case Study 1:

The country’s unique system accommodates regional parliaments in Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels, enabling decisions that respect linguistic and regional differences. Proportional representation ensures fair political participation, making Belgium an exemplary model of democratic governance amidst diversity.

Answer The arrangement Belgium worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model-

Q2) Define term civil war? Mark 2

Case Study 2:

Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Case Study 3:

Answer Power can be shared among governments at different levels –

a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called federal government.

Answer Delays decision making process ,Increase instability and indivisiness etc are some of the disadvantages of power sharing.

Case Study 4:

Q1) What are the types of power sharing practice by India? Mark 2

Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed

Case Study 5:

Power sharing is a fundamental pillar of any thriving democracy, embodying the essence of representative government. It serves as a safeguard against the concentration of power in the hands of a few, ensuring that the voices and interests of diverse communities are heard and respected. Firstly, power sharing fosters inclusivity. It enables marginalized groups, minorities, and various political parties to participate in decision-making, preventing the dominance of a single group or individual. This fosters social cohesion and reduces the risk of conflicts in heterogeneous societies. Secondly, it promotes accountability and transparency. When power is distributed among different branches of government, each serves as a check on the other, reducing the likelihood of corruption and abuse of authority. In summary, power sharing is the bedrock of democratic stability and harmony, providing a framework where all citizens have a stake in their nation’s future, and no single entity holds absolute authority. It paves the way for a more just and equitable society.

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Case Based Questions - Democratic Politics - II

Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have two kinds of political parties: parties that are present in only one of the federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the federation. This is the case in India as well. There are some countrywide parties, which are called national parties. These parties have their units in various states. But by and large, all these units follow the same policies, programmes and strategy that is decided at the national level. Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission. While the Commission treats all parties equally, it offers some special facilities to large and established parties. These parties are given a unique symbol – only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol. Parties that get this privilege and some other special facilities are ‘recognised’ by the Election Commission for this purpose. That is why these parties are called, ‘Recognised Political Parties’. The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a National Party.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:

Q. Analyze the information given below, considering one of the following correct options:One of the oldest parties of the world. Founded in 1885 and has experienced many splits. Played a dominant role in Indian politics at the national and state level for several decades after India’s Independence. Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the party sought to build a modern secular democratic republic in India.

Communist Party of India (CPI)

All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)

Indian National Congress (INC)

Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)

Q. Two regional parties of West Bengal are:

Forward Bloc and Trinamool Congress

All India Trinamool Congress and Forward Bloc

National Congress Party and Forward Bloc

Indian National Congress and Forward Bloc

Q. A party is called 'National Party' only when it polls _________ of total valid votes in at least ______ states and in addition it wins _________ Lok Sabha Seats.

2%, Four, 4

6%, Four, 4

4%, Four, 4

2%, Four, 3

Let us look at some of the recent efforts and suggestions in our country to reform political parties and its leaders:

The Constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in DEFECTION in order to become ministers or for cash rewards. Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he or she will lose the seat in the legislature. This new law has helped bring defection down. At the same time this has made any dissent even more difficult. MPs and MLAs have to accept whatever the party leaders decide.

The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. The new system has made a lot of information available to the public. But there is no system of check if the information given by the candidates is true. As yet we do not know if it has led to decline in the influence of the rich and the criminals. The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their income tax returns. The parties have started doing so but sometimes it is mere formality. It is not clear if this step has led to greater internal democracy in political parties. Besides these, many suggestions are often made to reform political parties:

A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of its members, to follow its own constitution, to have an independent authority, to act as a judge in case of party disputes, to hold open elections to the highest posts.

It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets, about one third, to women candidates. Similarly, there should be a quota for women in the decision-making bodies of the party.

There should be state funding of elections. The government should give parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be given in kind: petrol, paper, telephone, etc. Or it could be given in cash on the basis of the votes secured by the party in the last election.

Q. Changing Party allegiance from the Party on which a person got elected (to a legislative body) to a different Party was done normally by:

By both MPs and MLAs

By none of them

Q. It should be made mandatory for Political Parties to give a minimum of about one-third tickets to:

All of them

Q. The government should give Parties State funding as:

Diesel, Petrol, Kerosene oil, etc.

Paper, Stationery, Printed forms, etc.

Mobile Phones, Telephones, Computers, etc.

Petrol, Paper, Telephone, etc.

Q. The Supreme Court has passed an order to file ___________ giving details of property and criminal cases pending against every candidate who contests elections.

an affidavit

• Educational qualifications are not necessary for the candidates.

In some countries, power usually changes between two main parties. Several other parties may exist, contest elections and win a few seats in the national legislatures. But only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form government. Such a party system is called two party system. The United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of two-party system. If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multi party system. Thus, in India, we have a multi party system. In this system, the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition. When several parties in a multi-party system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or a front. For example, in India there were three such major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections– the National Democratic Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance and the Left Front. The multiparty system often appears very messy and leads to political instability. At the same time, this system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.

Q. Countries having Bi- party system:

All of these

Q. The government is formed by various parties coming together in a/an ________.

Q. Which party leads the ruling NDA government at the Centre?

Indian National Congress

Bharatiya Janata Party

Bahujan Samaj Party

Communist Party of India

Q. The multi-party system:

appears very messy

leads to political instability

not free to form political party

Only ‘a’ and ‘b’

Q. What does the Election Commission of India allot to all Parties so that they are called 'Recognised Political Parties'?

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Political Parties Class 10 Solutions

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Politics and power are studied from domestic, international, and comparative perspectives in political science. Understanding political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, procedures, and behavior, as well as groups, classes, government, diplomacy, law, strategy, and war, are all part of it. Political science employs a wide range of approaches, including psychology, social research, and political philosophy.

Ch 6 Civics Class 10 is Political Parties. It is one of the most significant chapters in Political Science. This chapter discusses the function of political parties in India, as well as a variety of other related issues. It will guide a student in comprehending the nature and functioning of Indian political parties. Through Political Parties Class 10 NCERT Solutions, students will learn about the regional political parties in India, including their symbols and leaders.

Students find Political Science to be an interesting subject but retaining all information and data could be challenging for students. Hence, Extramarks have introduced Political Parties Class 10 Questions and Answers to make the process easier for students. These NCERT Solutions provide detailed answers to the textual questions which will make it very convenient for students to remember all the concepts of the chapters. Subject experts prepare these solutions after great research on the subject.

Extramarks houses not just Political Parties Class 10 Solutions but also material such as NCERT exemplars, CBSE revision notes, CBSE sample papers, CBSE past years’ question papers, and more can be easily found on the Extramarks website for all classes.

Key Topics Covered in Political Parties Class 10 Solutions

Mentioned below are the key topics that are covered in Political Parties Class 10 Solutions:

Why do we need Political Parties?

How many Parties should we have?

National Parties

State Parties

Challenges to Political Parties

How can Parties be reformed?

Let us look at Extramarks in-depth information on each subtopic in Political Parties Class 10 Solutions.

Political Parties Class 10 Solutions explains that a political party is a bunch of individuals who join to stand for an election in the government and win elections. They agree on a set of policies and programmes for society to advance the common good. Parties reflect a society’s basic political divides. As a result, a party’s identity is determined by which side it represents, which policies it supports, and which interests it represents. A political party is made up of three elements:

• The leaders
• The members
• The followers

Functions of Political Parties

Political parties are responsible for filling political offices and exerting political power. Political Parties Class 10 Solutions states that parties do this by undertaking the following tasks:

• Political parties are the primary means of contesting elections in most countries. To create a government, political parties nominate candidates who are elected. Then, the party’s members elect the candidate who will represent the party in elections.
• Parties express their shared views through a variety of policies and initiatives.
• Parties have a key influence in shaping the country’s laws and policies.
• They are the fundamental elements that make up and administer a government.
• Parties that lose elections to the opposing government serve as a check on the administration in power.
• They also play an essential role in influencing public opinion and providing access to government institutions.
• This gives the electoral process a structure and flow. Without political parties, everyone would be self-governing, and no good policy decisions could be made.
• The elected official would be held accountable for the local region, but the entire country would have no functional government.
• The village is broken up during panchayat elections, and each nominates a slate of candidates.

Political Parties Class 10 Solutions explains how many parties a nation should/can have in the following section.

Any group of citizens can create a political party in a democracy. For example, the Election Commission of India has over 750 registered political parties. However, not all these parties are primary electoral challengers. So, how many prominent or influential political parties are suitable for democracy?

Only one political party can control and operate the government in some nations. They are named as One-party systems. This system is not seen as a realistic democratic choice.

In some nations,  power frequently shifts between the two major parties.  A two-party system is a name for such a political system. For example, the United States of America and the United Kingdom are two countries which have the two-party system.

A multiparty system exists when numerous parties strive for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of gaining power either on their own or through alliances with others. Take, for example, India.

An alliance or a front is formed when numerous parties in a multiparty system join to contest elections and gain power.

The Election Commission mandates every political party in the country to register. It has certain unique facilities for huge, established parties. The Election Commission sets defined criteria for votes and seats to be recognised.

• A State Party is a political party that receives at least 6% of the total vote in a State’s Legislative Assembly election and wins at least two seats.
• A National Party is a political party that receives at least 6% of the total vote in Lok Sabha or Assembly elections in four states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha.

The major National Parties in India

As of 2018, the country has seven recognised national parties. Political Parties Class 10 Solutions explains the specifics of these Parties:

Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)

• Kanshi Ram was the driving force behind the group’s formation in 1984.
• The Bahujan samaj, comprising Dalits, Adivasis, OBCs, and religious minorities, seeks to represent and win power for them.
• Supports the cause of ensuring the Dalits’ and oppressed people’s interests and wellbeing.

Communist Party of India

• It was founded in 1925. Marxism-Leninism, secularism, and democracy are its beliefs.
• It opposed  secessionist and communist forces. .
• Accepts parliamentary democracy as a tool for advancing the interests of workers, farmers, and the poor.

Indian National Congress

• The Congress Party is one of the most well-known political parties in the United States. One of the world’s oldest parties. It was founded in 1885 and has gone through several splits.
• The party intended to establish a modern secular democratic republic in India under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.
• The fundamental goal of the party is to promote secularism and the welfare of marginalised groups and minorities.

All India Trinamool Congress

• Mamata Banerjee was the first to lead the movement, which began on January 1, 1998.
• In 2016, the party was recognised as a national party.
• It holds the values like Secularism and federalism. 

Nationalist Congress Party

• Following a split of the Congress Party, this  party was formed in 1999.
• Democracy, Gandhian secularism, fairness, social justice, and federalism are all values it believes in.

Bhartiya Janta Party

• Shyama Prasad Mukherjee founded the party in 1951 and was founded in 1980.
• Draws inspiration from India’s traditional culture and traditions, as well as Deendayal Upadhyaya’s ideals of integrated humanism and Antyodaya, to develop a strong and contemporary India.
• In its idea of Indian nationhood and politics, cultural nationalism (or ‘Hindutva’) is a key component.
• The Election Commission classifies the remainder of the parties as ‘State parties’, except for the six-state parties. Regional parties are another name for them.
• National-level political organisations like the Samajwadi Party, Samata Party, and Rashtriya Janata Dal have units in various states. Biju Janata Dal, Sikkim Democratic Front, and Mizo National Front are among the parties aware of their state’s identity.
• Since 1996, practically every state party has had the option to participate in one or more national coalition governments.

The public’s dissatisfaction and criticism have centred on four areas of political party functioning. Political Parties Class 10 Solutions states these are the following:

• Within parties, there is a lack of internal democracy, and power tends to consolidate in the hands of one or a few leaders. In addition, few parties can hold meetings with all their members, and as a result, ordinary members are unaware of what is happening within the party.
• Ordinary members cannot ascend to the top of political parties because the working of Parties is not transparent. As a result, only those close to the leaders or those with authority have edge over others.
• There has also been a rise in the misuse of money and brute power, focusing on winning rather than obeying democratic norms.
• The parties do not give citizens a genuine choice. Many concepts and pledges are the same or offered with little variations, and only renowned and popular members are frequently featured. For example, Britain has minimal distinction between the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. They agree on the basics but disagree on how policies should be articulated and implemented.

Look at some of India’s recent reform initiatives and ideas for political parties and leaders. The following are some examples of efforts:

• Deflection in politics is defined as an MLA / MP moving from one party to another party for personal benefits. It means that the MLA / MP is changing the party alliance from the party through which he / she got elected.
• The Supreme Court issued an order to limit the power of money and crime in society. As a result, every candidate who contests election  must file an AFFIDAVIT detailing his assets and any pending criminal proceedings against him.
• Political parties must hold organisational elections and file income tax filings, according to an order issued by the Election Commission.

Aside from that, other recommendations for reforming political parties are given. But unfortunately, political parties have yet to embrace these recommendations.

• Legislation should be established to control political parties’ internal affairs.
• Political parties should allocate a minimum number of tickets, perhaps one-third, to female candidates. Similarly, a quota for women in the party’s decision-making structures should be established.
• The government should fund elections. In addition, the government should provide funds to political parties to help them pay for election expenditures.

There are two alternative approaches to reforming political parties:

• First, people can exert pressure on political parties. This can be accomplished through petitions, public awareness campaigns, and agitations.
• Political parties will improve if those who wish to change can join political parties. However, reforming politics is difficult if ordinary folks do not participate and instead criticise it from the outside.

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Q.1 State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.

In a democracy, a political party has the following functions –

• Parties contest elections. Parties select their candidates for elections in different ways. In USA, members and supporters of a party choose its candidate. In India, senior party leaders choose the candidate.
• Different policies and programmes are put forward by political parties. Voters decide which party to vote for based on their policies.
• Parties play a decisive role in law making for the country. Laws are debated and passed in the legislature. But members of the legislature belong to some party of the other. They generally take the line of their party while debating a law.
• Parties form and run governments. Party that wins maximum seats in legislature forms government. Party leaders are appointed as ministers in the government.
• Parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition. They voice different views and criticize the government for its failures or wrong policies.
• Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues. Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.

Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments. For an ordinary citizen, it is easy to approach a local party leader than a government officer.

Q.2 What are the various challenges faced by political parties?

The various challenges faced by political parties are –

• Lack of internal democracy: This challenge is faced by political parties all over the world. There is a tendency that power is concentrated with some big leaders within the party. Parties do not hold organizational meetings and do not hold internal elections regularly. Ordinary members of a party are not aware of what is going on in the party.
• Dynastic succession: In many parties, top positions are always controlled by members of one family. This is unfair to other members of a party and it is bad for democracy.
• Role of money and muscle power: Parties are mainly interested in winning elections. They tend to use short-cuts to win elections. Parties pick candidates that can raise huge amounts of money. As a result, rich people and companies who fund parties also shape the policies of the party. In many cases, political parties give tickets to criminals who can win the election.
• No meaningful choice: Another challenge is the lack of any meaningful choice to the voters. In recent years, there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world. For example, the difference between the Labour Party and the Conservative Party in Britain is very little. They agree on more fundamental aspects but differ only in details on how policies are to be framed and implemented. In India too, the differences among all the major parties on the economic policies have reduced. Those who want really different policies have no option available to them.

Q.3 Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well?

Some reforms that are suggested to strengthen parties are –

• Maintain a register of its members
• Follow its own constitution
• Have an independent authority to act as judge in case of party disputes
• Hold independent elections for highest posts
• It should be made mandatory for all political parties to give one-third tickets to women candidates. There should also be a quota for women in the decision making body of a party.
• There should be state funding of elections. Funds should be given by the government to the parties for their election expenses.

Q.4 What is a political party?

A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good.

Q.5 What are the characteristics of a political party?

Important characteristics of political parties are –

• They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good.
• Since there can be different views on what is good for all, parties try to persuade people why their policies are better than others.
• They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.
• Parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society.
• Parties are a part of society and thus involve partisanship. Thus, a party is known by which part it stands for, which policies its supports and whose interests it upholds.

Q.6 A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a _____________________.

A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a political party .

Q.7 Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Q.8 Who among the following is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party? A. Kanshi Ram B. Sahu Maharaj C. B.R. Ambedkar D. Jotiba Phule

A. Kanshi Ram

Q.9 What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party? A. Bahujan Samaj B. Revolutionary democracy C. Integral humanism D. Modernity

C. Integral humanism

Q.10 Consider the following statements on parties. (A) Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people. (B) Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders. (C) Parties are not necessary to run governments.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(b) A and B

Q.11 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Muhammad Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several international honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank he started jointly, received the Nobel Peace Prize for 2006. In February 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroots level.

The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power), has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many welcomed his decision, some did not like it. “Now I think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government,” said Shahedul Islam, a government official. “That government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.”

But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. “There was no debate (over him) winning the Nobel, but politics is different – very challenging and often controversial,” said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. “Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country,” asked one political observer.

Do you think Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party?

Do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people? How do you want this new party organised to make it different from other parties? If you were the one to begin this political party, how would you defend it?

• Yunus did the right thing by forming a new party. He launched a party that was different from traditional parties. His party also promised to be democratic from the grass-root levels. Being democratic from the grass-root level meant the party would not allow power concentration with few top leaders. It would also give a fair chance to young and budding leaders to prosper. Since the party was different from traditional ones, it would give the voters a meaningful choice.
• I agree with the statement made by Shahedul Islam in support of the party. The party would provide the people with a meaningful choice which was not there with traditional parties. It would allow the people to choose a government free from corruption. On the other hand, I do not agree with the fears and apprehensions of the people opposing the new political party. These fears and apprehensions are baseless.
• To make this party different from others, the party should truly be democratic at grass-root level. The leaders and candidates should be selected by open election. The party should maintain a membership register and regularly hold organizational meetings. Moreover, the party must give one-third of the tickets to women candidates and also reserve seats for women in decision making bodies.
• Traditional parties do not offer a meaningful choice to the voters
• They have failed to check corruption and flow of black money
• The party is democratic at grass-root levels which prevents power concentration with a few big leaders
• The party gives a fair chance to young and budding leaders and does not allow power concentration in one family

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Ncert class 10 social science chapterwise solutions, chapter 1 - power sharing.

Chapter 2 - Federalism

Chapter 3 - democracy and diversity, chapter 4 - gender, religion and caste, chapter 5 - popular struggles and movements, chapter 7 - outcomes of democracy, chapter 8 - challenges to democracy, faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what is the importance of following the cbse guidelines.

If students desire better results, they should always follow the CBSE syllabus. Political Parties Class 10 Solutions by Extramarks are made by following all the guidelines laid by CBSE. Most of the CBSE board questions are from the NCERT books.

2. Is Chapter 6 of Political Science in Class 10 difficult?

Nothing is complicated if you understand the principles and concepts in a thorough way. This chapter focuses on political parties, their roles, the influence they wield, opposition, and so on. In this chapter, you will learn about the areas in which political parties may develop and how they can differentiate themselves by implementing specific reforms in their current working style, such as how women’s participation can improve the image of their political party.

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Political Parties Class 10 Notes: Simplified and Explained for Easy Understanding

Embark on a journey to understand the intricate workings of political parties, the driving force behind democracies, with our comprehensive and simplified notes on Political Parties, Chapter 4 of Class 10 Political Science. Designed specifically for students preparing for the CBSE 2023-24 board exams, these notes provide a clear and concise understanding of this crucial topic, adhering to the NCERT syllabus.

Delve into the world of political parties, exploring their formation, functions, and role in the democratic process. Uncover the diverse types of political parties, their ideologies, and their impact on elections and governance. Understand the concept of party systems and their significance in shaping the political landscape.

To further enhance your learning experience, we have included a downloadable PDF version of the notes, allowing you to study anytime, anywhere. Embrace simplified political science and propel your exam preparation to new heights with our Political Parties Class 10 notes.

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Political Parties Class 10 Notes

Table of contents, why do we need political parties.

Political party: A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programs for society to promote the collective good. They try to persuade people as to why their policies are better than others and seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through elections.

The main components of political parties are:

• The leaders
• The active members, and
• The followers.

Functions of a political party:

• Parties contest elections.
• Parties put forward different policies and programs and the voters choose from them.
• Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country.
• Parties form and run governments.
• Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the parties in power, by voicing different views and criticizing the government for its failures or wrong policies.
• Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues.
• Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by governments.

The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracy

• As societies become large and complex, they need some agency to get different views on various issues and to present this to the government.
• They need some way to bring various representatives together so that a responsible government could be formed.
• They need a mechanism to support or restrain the government, make policies, and justify or oppose them.
• Political parties fulfill these needs that every representative government has. Thus, political parties are a necessary condition for democracy.

How many parties should we have?

One-Party System

• Countries, where only one party is allowed to control and run the government are called one-party systems.
• For example, in China, only the Communist Party is allowed to rule.
• A one-party system is not considered a good option in a democratic system because voters are not offered any choice at the time of voting. This is not a democratic option . Any democratic system must allow at least two parties to compete in elections and provide a fair chance for the competing parties to come to power.

Two-Party System

• Countries where only two main parties contest elections are called two-party systems.
• For example - the United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of a two-party system.

Multi-party system

If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multiparty system.

The multi-party system evolved in India because:

• India is blessed with tremendous social and geographical diversity. This diversity cannot be easily accommodated by two or three political parties.
• Because of the multiparty system, a variety of interests and opinions enjoy political representation.

All the countries of the world can't have the same party system because:

• A party system is not something any country can choose.
• It evolves over a long time depending on the nature of society, its social and regional divisions, its history of politics, and its system of elections.
• Each country develops a party system that is conditioned by special circumstances. No system is ideal for all countries and all situations.

National parties

National political parties are country-wide parties. They have units in various states. All these units follow the same policies, programs, and strategy that is decided at the national level.

Conditions required to be a national political party are:

• A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states.
• Wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha.

All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)

• Launched on 1 January 1998 under the leadership of Mamata Banerjee.
• Committed to secularism and federalism.

Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)

• Formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.
• Seeks to represent and secure power for the bahujan samaj which includes the dalits, adivasis, OBCs, and religious minorities.
• Draws inspiration from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj, Mahatma Phule, Periyar Ramaswami Naicker and Babasaheb Ambedkar.
• Stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the dalits and oppressed people.

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

• Founded in 1980 by reviving the Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
• Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values, and Deendayal Upadhyaya’s ideas of integral humanism and Antyodaya.
• Cultural nationalism or Hindutva is an important element in its beliefs.
• Wants a uniform civil code for all religions and a ban on religious conversions.
• Is currently the ruling party at the center and a member of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).

Communist Party of India (CPI)

• Formed in 1925.
• Believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism, and democracy.
• Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism.
• Accepts parliamentary democracy as a means of promoting the interests of the working class, farmers, and the poor.

Communist Party of India - Marxist (CPI-M)

• Founded in 1964.
• Believes in Marxism-Leninism.
• Supports socialism, secularism, and democracy and opposes imperialism and communalism.
• Accepts democratic elections as a useful and helpful means for securing the objective of socioeconomic justice in India.

Indian National Congress (INC)

• It is one of the oldest parties in the world founded in 1885.
• A centrist party (neither rightist nor leftist) in its ideological orientation, the party espouses secularism and the welfare of weaker sections and minorities.
• Supports new economic reforms but with a human face.
• Is a member of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA).

Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)

• Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party.
• Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social justice, and federalism.
• Wants that high offices in government be confined to natural-born citizens of the country.

State parties

A regional party is a party that is present in only some states. Regional parties are commonly referred to as ‘State parties’.

Conditions required for a party to be recognized as a regional political party are:

• A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State
• Wins at least 2 seats in the Legislative Assembly.

Challenges to political parties

1. Lack of internal democracy within parties

• Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold organizational meetings, and do not conduct internal elections regularly.
• Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient information on what happens inside the party.
• They do not have the means or the connections needed to influence the decisions. As a result, the leaders assume greater power to make decisions in the name of the party.
• Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the party, those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult to continue in the party.
• More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader becomes more important.

2. The challenge of dynastic succession

• Most parties do not practice open and transparent procedures, hence, there are very few opportunities for an ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party.
• Top leaders favor people close to them or even their family members. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of one family.
• This practice is unfair to other members of that party and is also bad for democracy since people who do not have adequate experience or popular support come to occupy positions of power.

3. The growing role of money and muscle power in parties, especially during elections

• Since parties are focused only on winning elections, they tend to use shortcuts to win elections.
• They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots of money.
• Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to influence the policies and decisions of the party.
• In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections.
• Democrats all over the world are worried about the increasing role of rich people and big companies in democratic politics.

4. Parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice to the voters.

• In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world.
• They agree on more fundamental aspects but differ only in details on how policies are to be framed and implemented.
• Those who want different policies have no option available to them.
• Sometimes people cannot even elect very different leaders either, because the same set of leaders keeps shifting from one party to another.

How can parties be reformed?

Some of the recent efforts in India to reform political parties and their leaders are:

• The constitution was amended to prevent elected MLAs and MPs from changing parties. This was done because many elected representatives were indulging in defection to become ministers or for cash rewards. Now the law says that if any MLA or MP changes parties, he/she will lose the seat in the legislature.
• The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals. Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against them.
• The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organizational elections and file their income tax returns.

Suggestions to reform political parties in India:

• Regulation of party’s internal affairs: A law should be made to regulate the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory for political parties to maintain a register of their members, to follow their constitution, to have an independent authority, etc.
• Ensure women's participation: It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum number of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates.
• State funding: There should be state funding of elections. The government should give money to parties to support their election expenses to avoid corruption.
• The pressure of public opinion: Political parties can be reformed if people put pressure on them. This can be done through petitions, propaganda, and agitations. Pressure groups and media play an important role in this.
• Public participation: Political parties can improve if those who want this join political parties. The quality of democracy depends on the degree of public participation.

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Your notes are very helpful. Outcomes of Democracy plz upload

Excellent notes.

Sir your notes are really helpful in my preparation for my boards also I have studied the whole SST from your videos which are most valuable in building my concepts of every chapter and topics.

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Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 6 Political Parties

• Last modified on: 9 months ago
• Reading Time: 10 Minutes

Here we are providing case study questions for Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 6 Political Parties.

Case Study Question 1:

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have two kinds of political parties: parties that are present in only one of the federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the federation. This is the case in India as well. There are some countrywide parties, which are called ‘national parties’. These parties have their units in various states. But by and large, all these units follow the same policies, programmers and strategy that is decided at the national level. Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission. While the Commission treats all parties equally, it offers some special facilities to large and established parties. These parties are given a unique symbol only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol. Parties that get this privilege and some other special facilities are ‘recognised’ by the Election Commission for this purpose. That is why, these parties are called ‘recognised political parties’. The Election Commission has laid down detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must get in order to be a recognised party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party. A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party.

Q 1. Who issues symbols to the political parties? Ans. The Election Commission of India issues symbols to the political parties.

Q 2. What is the criteria laid down by the Election Commission to be recognised as a state party? Ans. The criteria laid down by the Election Commission to be recognised as a state party are: (i) It must secure at least 6 per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state. (ii) It should win at least two seats.

Q 3. Which parties are called as recognised political parties? Ans. The parties which are given a unique symbol i.e., only the official candidates of that party can use that election symbol are called recognised political parties.

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Tips to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science.

Preparing for case study and passage-based questions in class 10 social science can be challenging, but it is important to remember that with the right approach, you can effectively tackle these types of questions. Here are some steps you can take to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science:

• Understand the format of case study questions: Case study questions for class 10 social science usually require you to read a scenario or a passage and answer a set of questions based on it. These questions can be based on various topics like history, geography, economics, or civics.
• Read and analyze the case study or passage carefully: The first step in answering case study questions is to read the scenario or passage carefully. Try to identify the main idea or theme of the passage and note down any important details that you think are relevant. Pay attention to any maps, graphs, or charts that are included as they can be helpful in answering the questions.
• Identify the type of questions being asked: After reading the case study or passage, you should analyze the questions being asked. Try to identify the type of question, whether it is a factual question or an analytical question. Factual questions require you to provide specific details from the passage, while analytical questions require you to use your critical thinking skills to analyze the information presented in the passage.
• Use your textbook and notes: To prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the topics covered in your textbook. Go through your notes and textbook to revise the relevant topics and concepts. This will help you to answer the questions more accurately.
• Practice sample questions: One of the best ways to prepare for case study questions is to practice answering sample questions. Try to find sample questions online or in your textbook and practice answering them. This will help you to get comfortable with the format of the questions and improve your speed and accuracy.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Political Parties

• 21st January 2024

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics (Political Science) Chapter 4 Political Parties help students to score good marks in the exams. These NCERT Solutions are prepared by expert teachers and available with free PDF download option. Here we have provided answers to all the questions in a very easy language.

Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Political Parties Questions and Answers

Question 1: State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.

Answer: Functions performed by political parties in a democracy:

• Parties represent the interests, concerns, and ideologies of different sections of society, giving citizens a voice in the government.
• They nominate candidates for elections and contest to form the government, offering voters choices and competition.
• When a party or coalition wins elections, it forms the government, shapes policies, and administers the country.
• Elected representatives from parties participate in legislatures to debate and pass laws, ensuring that diverse perspectives are considered.
• Parties serve as a link between the government and citizens, conveying public concerns and feedback.

Question 2: What are the various challenges faced by political parties?

Answer: Various challenges faced by political parties:

• Lack of Internal Democracy : Concentration of power in a few leaders, leading to insufficient internal democracy and decision-making processes within parties.
• Dynastic Succession : A tendency for leadership to remain within a single family, limiting opportunities for others to rise to leadership positions in parties.
• Influence of Money and Muscle Power : Reliance on wealthy individuals and candidates with muscle power, especially during elections, influencing party policies and candidate selection.
• Lack of Meaningful Choice for Voters : Reduced ideological differences among parties, resulting in limited options for voters seeking different policies or leaders​ ​.

Political parties face several challenges, including:

• Lack of Internal Democracy : Many parties struggle with internal democratic processes, where decisions are often centralized and dominated by a select few. This lack of internal democracy can stifle debate, hinder the emergence of new leaders, and limit the participation of party members.
• Dynastic Succession : Several parties are plagued by dynastic politics, where leadership positions are often inherited by family members of prominent politicians. This practice can hinder meritocracy and limit opportunities for fresh talent within parties.
• Influence of Money and Muscle Power : The role of money and muscle power in politics remains a significant challenge. Parties may rely on wealthy donors or individuals with a history of using coercive tactics to secure votes, undermining the fairness of the electoral process.
• Lack of Meaningful Choice for Voters : In some cases, voters may feel that their choices are limited to a few dominant parties, with little ideological or policy differentiation between them. This lack of meaningful choice can lead to voter disillusionment and a sense of disengagement from the political process.

Question 3: Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well?

Answer: Some reforms that could strengthen political parties are:

• Political parties should adopt practices that encourage internal democracy. This includes holding regular internal elections and maintaining transparent membership registers.
• Implementing strict regulations on party finances can help reduce the influence of money in politics.
• To prevent the concentration of power within specific families, parties can adopt rules that limit the succession of leadership roles to family members of current leaders.
• Parties should ensure adequate representation of underrepresented groups, including women and marginalized communities.
• Laws should be stringent to prevent defection solely for personal gain and to tackle corruption within political parties.

Question 4: What is a political party?

Answer: A political party is an organized group or organization of individuals who share similar political beliefs, ideologies, and goals. These parties seek to influence and participate in the government by contesting elections and winning seats in legislatures.

Question 5: What are the characteristics of a political party?

Answer: Characteristics of a political party are:

• A political party is formed by individuals who have similar political beliefs, values, and goals.
• Parties have a defined organisational structure with leaders, party workers and supporters.
• Parties contest elections to gain political power and representation.
• Provide a platform for citizens to express their political views and preferences.
• Parties raise issues, shape public opinion, and sometimes initiate social movements.

Question 6: A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a ____________.

Answer: A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a political party.

Question 7: Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Question 8: Who among the following is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party?

A. Kanshi Ram Β. Sahu Maharaj C. Β.R. Ambedker D. Jotiba Phule

Answer: A. Kanshi Ram

Question 9: What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party?

A. Bahujan Samaj B. Revolutionary democracy C. Integral humanism D. Modernity

Answer: D. Modernity

Question 10: Consider the following statements on parties.

A. Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people. B. Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders. C. Parties are not necessary to run governments.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

a) A, B and C b) A and B c) B and C d) A and C

Answer: b) A and B

Question 11: Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Muhammad Yunus is a famous economist of Bangladesh. He received several international honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. He and the Grameen Bank he started, jointly received the Noble Peace Prize for 2006. In February 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. His objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new Bangladesh. He felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. His party would be democratic from the grassroots level.

The launching of the new party, called Nagarik Shakti (Citizens’ Power), has caused a stir among the Bangladeshis. While many welcomed his decisions, some did not like it. “Now I think Bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government,” said Shahedul Islam, a government official. “That government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.”

But leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. “There was no debate (over him) winning the Novel, but politics is different − very challenging and often controversial,” said a senior leader of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Some others were highly critical. They asked why he was rushing into politics. “Is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country,” asked one political observer.

Do you think Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party?

Do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people? How do you want this new party organised to make it different from other parties? If you were the one to begin this political party how would you defend it?

Answer: Yunus made a right decision to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. It’s a human tendency when a competitor comes in front of anybody, people look for excuses to quit the person out of the field. When there are more than one parties in the country, people have choice to select between good and bad. The new party should promote proper leadership, good governance and should be capable of bringing about new healthy political culture. Last but not least it should be democratic from the grassroots level.

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Civics - Class 10

Democratic politics - ii, chapter 6: political parties, intext questions, question 1: so, you agree with me. parties are partial, partisan and lead to partitions. parties do nothing but divide people. that is their real function.

Answer: The above statement is biased towards anti-political attitude. Generally political parties act as negotiators in decreasing social divisions in the country.

Only the rightist parties which are formed on communal ideology lead to partition for which reforms are being suggested by the Election Commission.

Question 2:

A) what is shown in the given cartoon.

Answer: The famous cartoonist R.K. Lakshman is seen reading news paper which shows that country is facing lot of problems but politicians are not taking care of them. Politicians are not willing to take responsibility for the peril situation of the country. They are busy in contesting elections.

B) What issue can be seen being discussed here?

Answer: One of the major issues that can be seen being discussed here are the ‘Mandal commision’ for quota reservations, the Ayodhya ‘Ram mandir’ case, the problems of Coalition government etc.

Question 3: Okay granted that we can’t live without political parties. But tell me how do we live with the kind of political parties we have?

Answer: Political parties came from society only. They simply represent what we are. There is nothing wrong with any of the political parties. It is we people who have everything in our hands in a democracy. Even if they do not work rightly, remember, people have voting power in their hands.

Question 4: Categories these photographs by the functions of political parties they illustrate. Find one photograph or news clipping from your own area for each of the functions listed above.

(i) Left: Playing the role of opposition.

(ii) Top(Right): Implementation of policies and programmes.

(iii) Bottom (Right): Contesting elections.

Question 5: Kishenji is no more. What would be your advice to these four activists? Should they form a new political party? Can a political party become a moral force in politics? What should that party be like?

(i) These activists should move ahead with the idea of formation of a new political party. It is obvious that initially they will not gain popular support, but if they continue to put moral force in their party, very soon they with win faith of the people. It is only then they can do anything good for the society, which is the urgent need of today’s politics.

(ii) Yes. It can do so by translating its promises into actions. Once the party does so, very soon it will gain popular support.

(iii) Yes. It can do so by translating its promises into actions. Once the party does so, very soon it will gain popular support.

(iv) That party should focus on the immediate problems of the people. The party should select only those candidates who are willing to serve the society in the true sense. If it does not get elected also, it can act as opposition party.

Question 6: I wonder how politicians manage these coalitions. I can’t even remember the names of all the parties

Several political parties with almost similar agenda come together to form a government and if voted to power, all such parties as a coalition from the government. Generally, all the major decision making is done by biggest party in the coalition, like that of BJP in the general election of 2014. Ministries are allotted keeping in mind all the members of coalition. Though at times difficult to manage, such system allows all interests and opinions for political representation.

Ministries are allotted keeping in mind all the members of coalition. Though at times difficult to manage, such system allows all interests and opinions for political representation.

Question 7: Let us apply what we have learnt about party systems to the various states within India. Here are three major types of party systems that exist at the state level. Can you find the names of at least two states for each of these types :

Two- party system, multi- party system with two alliances, multi – party system.

(i) Two- party system : Rajasthan, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) Multi- party system with two alliances : Maharashtra, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, West Bengal.

(iii) Multi- party system : Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu.

Question 8: Does the cartoonist reflect the data graphics shown in the previous page?

Answer: Yes.

Question 9: Why don’t parties give enough tickets to women? Is that also due to lack of internal democracy?

(i) Men always tend to use authority and politics is not an exception. Patriarchal society is the reason for men authority in politics. If the parties give tickets to women, steadily the power will go into their hands, which is not acceptable in the Indian society.

(ii) Yes, this is an example of lack of internal democracy. At least one- third of the seats, for which the party is contesting, should be allocated to the women.

Question 10: Does this suggest that in democracies people contest elections only to make money? But isn’t it true that there are politicians committed to the well-being of the people?

Most of the democracies are being generated their power from the Constitution. Hence it is not correct to say that all Politicians participate in elections only for the money. Some politicians contest the elections to serve the needy. As written in Artha shastra by Chanakya, it's a fact that corruption is Invisible like a fish in the water drinking the water or not. It should be controlled by reforms in the politics and behavioral changes of the public.

Question 11:

Explain the given cartoon.

This cartoon shows how a person in India is filling his nomination as a candidate in the election to the Election Commission of India. It's now mandatory to show your assets in an affidavit before elections. The woman is shown to mention 50 crores as her assets, and the officer is surprised to see that. He's seen asking her, if she has so much money, why is she contesting the elections. This is because it is a general view that the politicians in India, after winning an election and coming to power, amass a lot of wealth through corrupt practices instead of working for the welfare of the people.

Question 12: Most cartoons caricature politicians. From the cartoons (on page 83 to 85), can you identify which of the challenges described in this section is being highlighted in these cartoons. They relate to Italy, US, and India.

The cartoons highlight the challenge of the frequent use of money and muscle power in politics faced by the political parties.

Question 13: Do you agree that this form of reforming political parties will be acceptable to them?

Election code is good for strengthening democracy. But sometimes political leaders fail to follow election code against whom Election Commission of India takes action. A fair politics is need of the hour in India.

Question 1: State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.

The various functions of the political parties in a democracy are:

(A) Contest elections :

In democracies, elections are contested by the political parties by putting up their candidates. The candidates are selected in different ways. In India, top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections.

(B) Put forward different policies and programmes :

Political parties put forward their own ideologies and programmes before the voters at the time of elections in the form of a manifesto.

(C) Role in making laws for a country :

Laws are passed according to the directions of the ruling party or alliance in case of a coalition government. Members of political party vote in the legislature according to the decision of the party, irrespective of their personal opinions.

(D) Formation of governments :

Majority party or coalition parties form and run the government. In a parliamentary democracy, this function is so important that government is known by the name of the party like Congress or BJP govern¬ment etc.

(E) Role of opposition :

Political parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition to the government. They criticise government for its failure or wrong policies.

(F) Role in shaping public opinion :

Movements are launched by the political parties in support of demands of public interest.

(G) Access to government machinery and welfare schemes :

Ordinary citizens approach local party leaders about their demands and grievances. Local leaders of parties have to be responsive to people’s needs and demands. Otherwise people can reject these parties the next elections.

Question 2: What are the various challenges faced by political parties ?

Political parties play an important role in a democracy. So, it is natural for the people to blame parties for its failures to perform their functions well. Main challenges faced by the political parties are:

(A) Lack of internal democracy :

There is lack of internal democracy within parties. For example organisational elections are not held regularly. Most of the decisions are taken by the President or top leaders in the party. Ordinary members do not have any say in the decision making process of the party. As a result of it, there is tendency towards the concentration of power in one or few leaders at the top.

(B) Dynastic succession:

Family members or people more close to top leaders are favoured at the time of granting tickets for contesting elections. Sometimes deserving members are denied tickets. Political parties do not practice open and transparent procedures. Top positions such as President or General Secretary are always controlled by members of one family.

(C) Use of money and muscle power :

Political parties use money power to purchase votes and finance high pitched campaigns. Rich candi¬dates are nominated so that they may win elections. Muscle power is also used during elections. It is used to coerce voters, capture booths and threaten opposition campaign. In some cases, political parties support and select criminals who can win elections.

(D) Hardly any meaningful choice :

In recent years there has been a decline in the ideological differences among parties in most parts of the world. In our country too, the differences among all the major parties on the economic policies have reduced. People have no option available to them because same set of leaders keep shifting from one party to another.

Question 3: Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.

Suggestions to reform political parties are:

(A) Regulate the internal affairs of political parties : It should be made mandatory for political parties to regulate that internal affair. It should be made compulsory for political parties in maintain a register of its members and have periodic elections of office bearers.

(B) Representation to women candidates : Parties should be asked to nominate women candidates for at least one-third of the seats in elections.

(C) State funding of elections : In order to put curb on money power, there should be state funding of elections like the government should give parties money to support their election expenses. This support could be given in kind such as petrol, paper and telephone.

(D) Pressure by people : Ordinary citizens, media, and movements can play an important role by pressurizing parties to bring in reforms in their functioning.

(E) People should join political parties large number so that they may improve the working of political parties being members of that party. It is easier to reform a party from within rather than from outside.

Question 4: What is a political party ?

A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. A political party, therefore, possesses features like an organisation, definite views on political issues, a well formulated line of action, a will and desire to implement the policies announced by them in their manifestoes.

Question 5: What are the characteristics of a political party ?

The characteristics of a political party are as given below :

• A political party is an organised body. Each party has its organisation.
• It has definite views on various issues.
• It has a general ideological identity. For example, a party may be a leftist or rightist party.
• It represents a part of society. For example, a party may represent the capitalists, the poor, the upper class or a lower class. A party, therefore, may represent a particular part of a society.
• A party has three components i.e., the leaders, the active members and the followers.

Question 6: A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a_____________ .

Answer: political party

Question 7: Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :

Answer: (c) C, A, D, B.

Question 8: Who among the following is the founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party ?

Kanshi ram sahu maharaj b.r.ambedker jyotibaphule..

Answer: (A) Kanshi Ram.

Question 9: What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party ?

Bahujan samaj revolutionary democracy integral humanism modernity.

Answer: (C) Integral humanism.

Question 10: Consider the following statements on parties :

Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people. parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders. parties are not necessary to run governments., which of the statements given above are correct , (a) a, b and c, (b) a and b, (c) b and c, (d) a and c.

Answer: (b) A and B.

Question 11: Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :

Muhammad yunus is a famous economist of bangladesh. he received several international honours for his efforts to promote economic and social development for the benefit of the poor. he and the grameen bank he started jointly, received the nobel peace prize for the 2006. in february 2007, he decided to launch a political party and contest in the parliamentary elections. his objective was to foster proper leadership, good governance and build a new bangladesh. he felt that only a political party different from the traditional ones would bring about new political culture. his party would be democratic from the grassroots level., the launching of the new party, called nagarik shakti (citizens’ power), has caused a stir among the bangladeshis. while many welcomed his decision, some did not like it. “now i think bangladesh will have a chance to choose between good and bad and eventually have a good government”, said shahedul islam, a government official. “that government, we hope, would not only keep itself away from corruption but also make fighting corruption and black money a top priority.”, but leaders of traditional political parties who dominated the country’s politics for decades were apprehensive. “there was no debate (over him) winning the nobel, but politics is different – very challenging and often controversial”, said a senior leader of the bangladesh nationalist party. some others were highly critical. they asked why he was rushing into politics. “is he being planted in politics by mentors from outside the country”, asked one political observer., (a) do you think yunus made a right decision to float a new political party , (b) do you agree with the statements and fears expressed by various people , (c) how do you want this new party organised to make it different from other parties , (d) if you were the one to begin this political party how would you defend it .

(a) Yunus made a right decision to float a new political party because in a democracy every citizen has a right to form political party or join a political party of his own choice. Also, Yunus is a Nobel Peace Prize winner and is known in Bangladesh as well as by people all over the world. He has his own political ideology. He has set an example by setting up the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. People may support him and enable him to form a good government and build a new Bangladesh of his dreams.

(b) Even though politics is different from other fields but Yunus has achieved success by establishing Grameen Bank for the welfare of the people. There is no meaning in the fears expressed by people. After all democracy is also for the welfare of the people.

(c) The new party should be organised on democratic lines. Organisational elections should be held regularly. There should be transparency in the working of the party. Due representation should be given to all sections of the society including women and minorities.

(d) I would defend the formation of the party on the ground that in a democracy, every citizen has a right to join or form a political party of his choice.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Ch 6 Political Parties Civics

Ncert solutions for class 10 ch 6 political parties civics social studies (s.st).

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Political Parties (Introduction) - Concepts - Chapter 4 Class 10 Political Science - Political Parties - Political Science

Last updated at April 16, 2024 by Teachoo

INTRODUCTION

• Some countries have only one political party while others have several.
• A political party is a group of p eople who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government.
• It is scarce for a country to have no political parties. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies , though usually, democracies have more political parties than autocracies.
• It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or policy goals.
• Political parties have become a significant part of the politics of almost every country, as modern party organizations developed and spread around the world over the last few centuries.
• Autocracies often have a single party that governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties essential to democracy.

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Election latest: Senior Tory says bets on date are 'stupid' but seeks to play down scale of scandal

Many more people than the leading Tories already identified are being investigated by the gambling regulator over election betting, Sky News understands. Earlier, James Cleverly told Sunday Morning With Trevor Phillips he has "no reason to believe" any cabinet ministers are involved.

Monday 24 June 2024 02:09, UK

• General Election 2024

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

• 'Many more people' under investigation in Tory election betting scandal
• Cleverly: 'No reason to believe' any ministers involved
• Tory betting scandal: What is the law around gambling?
• Labour candidate's office vandalised in 'anti-democratic attack'
• Live reporting by Faith Ridler

Election essentials

• Manifesto pledges: Alliance Party | Conservatives | Greens | Labour | Lib Dems | Plaid Cymru | Reform | SNP | Sinn Fein | Workers Party
• Trackers:  Who's leading polls? | Is PM keeping promises?
• Campaign Heritage: Memorable moments from elections gone by
• Follow Sky's politics podcasts: Electoral Dysfunction | Politics At Jack And Sam's
• Read more:  Who is standing down? | Key seats to watch | What counts as voter ID? | Check if your constituency is changing | Guide to election lingo | Sky's election night plans

We'll be back at 6am with all the latest from this busy election campaign, which has entered its latter days before polls open on 4 July.

Until then, you can scroll through the posts below to catch up on the day.

Join us for more live updates on Monday.

It's an election campaign - and that means political donations have ramped up.

What exactly are the rules on donations? Do they change for elections? Who gets the most money? Why do people donate? And can parties give funds back?

Here, we explain...

Veterans minister Johnny Mercer has tonight offered further details of an "awkward" hustings in Plymouth, after which he claimed his Labour rival was "bloating" his military service.

Mr Mercer, who is standing as the Conservative candidate for the Plymouth Moor View constituency, took aim at his Labour opponent Fred Thomas after the event on Wednesday.

The minister questioned whether the Labour candidate had served in combat missions during his time as a Royal Marine, as had been reported by the Guardian newspaper in 2023.

Labour has said Mr Thomas is unable to discuss much of his role in the armed forces because of its "sensitive" nature.

Now, in a lengthy social media post, Mr Mercer described the event, which he said "descended into anarchy".

In response to Mr Mercer's comments, Labour's shadow defence secretary John Healey said: "The Commanding Officer of the Special Forces Support Group wrote of Fred's integrity and his character. Those words will not have been penned lightly. Mr Mercer should do the right thing and withdraw his deeply disrespectful remarks."

By Adam Boulton , Sky News commentator

Have you ever taken part in an opinion poll? I was about to say I haven't and then a dim memory surfaced from decades ago of a nice lady with a clipboard asking me questions in the Berkshire town of Pangbourne.

Whether or not your opinions have been sampled, you will have found it impossible to miss coverage of polls during this election campaign.

Reporting of opinion polls has been such a feature of the race that some are complaining about it. The controversy has been inflamed after the dramatic results shown in recent MRP polls,  such as this week's YouGov survey for Sky News .

Critics range from those who argue polls are one-day wonders that take coverage away from the "real issues" to others grumbling that polls distort how people vote, even though they may turn out to be wrong.

In this election, there are at least 18 separate companies publishing voting intention polls. They are busier than ever now the campaign is under way.

Read the rest of Adam's column here:

A flurry of general elections since 2015 has brought an unprecedented churn in our parliamentary representatives.

This year, two in five MPs aren't seeking re-election and the picture for the Conservatives is record-breakingly grim.

An unparalleled total of 23% of Conservative MPs are calling it a day in 2024, more than the previous high of 22% of Tories who quit in 1997, another year of boundary changes.

In contrast, only 15% of Labour MPs are resigning.

There are many reasons MPs quit: from retirement, family commitments and health concerns to career change, abolished constituencies, and the prospect of defeat.

But their decision to depart can reveal much about life in Westminster and have a significant impact on parliament's mix of experience, demographics, and the direction of political parties.

Dr Sofia Collignon, associate professor in Comparative Politics, analyses the churn in our representatives here:

Our politics show hosted by political correspondent Ali Fortescue has just wrapped up for today.

But don't worry - the Politics Hub will be live at 7pm on Sky News every night through the election campaign.

And until then, you can keep up with all the latest right here.

This is the question asked by our political correspondent Darren McCaffrey ...

In 2019, Liz Truss was once again elected MP for South West Norfolk - her fourth election win.

The then international trade secretary and later prime minister romped home to victory with nearly 70% of the vote.

Her constituency was one of the safest in the country.

Now, if the polls are to be believed, it is hanging in the balance.

Watch below as Darren tries to track Ms Truss down:

The full list of candidates in the South West Norfolk constituency is:

• Earl Elvis of East Anglia - The Official Monster Raving Loony Party • James Bagge - Independent • Gary Conway - Heritage Party • Pallavi Devulapalli - Green Party • Lorraine Douglas - Communist Party of Great Britain • Terry Jermy - Labour Party • Toby McKenzie - Reform UK • Josie Ratcliffe - Liberal Democrats • Liz Truss - Conservative and Unionist Party

Crossbench peer Lord Darroch is next up with Ali Fortescue.

She asks if Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer becoming prime minister would change the UK's relationship with the European Union.

"Yes, there will be a reset," he says. "I think that he is hosting a European political community summit in Blenheim House within a couple of weeks of the election."

Lord Darroch says Sir Keir will likely be "the star of that show".

"If he wins as big as some of the polls suggest, this will be a historic margin of victory.

"All the other leaders will want to meet him, and talk to him, and discover how he did it."

He will find himself "almost mobbed" at this summit, Lord Darroch claims.

Our live poll tracker collates the results of opinion surveys carried out by all the main polling organisations - and allows you to see how the political parties are performing in the run-up to the general election.

It shows a drop in support in recent days for Labour and the Tories - with a jump for Reform and the Liberal Democrats.

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The Metropolitan Police have opened an investigation into criminal damage after Labour candidate for Walthamstow Stella Creasy's office was attacked.

Photos shared by Ms Creasy on social media appear to show the that the glass of one of the windows and the front door was hit several times.

Detectives Superintendent Dion Brown, one of the senior officers responsible for policing Waltham Forest, said: "It is entirely unacceptable for the office of one of London's prospective parliamentary candidates to be targeted in this way.

"An urgent investigation is under way, and officers have attended the scene and are already following up active lines of enquiry, which will include full analysis of all available CCTV footage.

"The incident is believed to have occurred between 03:10hrs and 03:30hrs on Sunday, 23 June.

"I urge any witnesses or anyone with information to contact police and share what they know.

"Anyone who witnessed the damage being caused, or who has other information, should call police on 101 with the reference 2621/23jun."

Ms Creasy sent a message to the perpetrators herself, writing on social media: "You don't intimidate me and you don't belong in the political process.

"Same as those circulating malicious and false leaflets. Police already on this to find you - will press for the strongest penalties for such an anti-democratic attack and I know Walthamstow won't be cowed or influenced by your violence either."

Here is the full list of candidates standing in the constituency of Walthamstow:

• Imran Arshad, Workers Party of Britain
• Mohammed Ashfaq, independent
• Stella Creasy, Labour Party
• Dan Edelstyn, independent
• Sanjana Madan Mohan Karnani, Conservative Party
• Martin Lonergan, Reform UK
• Ruth Theresa Rawlins, independent
• Rosalinda Ayo Rowlands, Green Party
• Nancy Taaffe, Trade Union and Socialist Coalition
• Rebecca Taylor, Liberal Democrats

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