Remember: Less is more.
A strong presentation is so much more than information pasted onto a series of slides with fancy backgrounds. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others. Here are some unique elements that make a presentation stand out.
As an intern or early career professional, chances are that you’ll be tasked with making or giving a presentation in the near future. Whether you’re pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something else, a great presentation can give you a competitive advantage, and be a powerful tool when aiming to persuade, educate, or inspire others.
3,000,000+ delegates
15,000+ clients
1,000+ locations
01344203999 Available 24/7
What is PowerPoint? This blog will walk you through “what is Microsoft PowerPoint”. Discover its features, uses, and the art of crafting compelling slideshows. Whether you're a student, professional, or simply curious, explore the power of Microsoft PowerPoint and learn how you can create impactful presentations effortlessly.
Exclusive 40% OFF
We ensure quality, budget-alignment, and timely delivery by our expert instructors.
According to Glassdoor , a PowerPoint designer's average salary in the UK is about £37,811 annually. Who knew there was big money in presentations alone? In this blog, you will learn What PowerPoint is, its key features, its benefits, and how to use it, as well as learn some tips for creating effective presentations.
Table of contents
1) What is PowerPoint?
2) Understanding the PowerPoint interface
3) Key features of PowerPoint
4) How to use PowerPoint to create a presentation?
5) Benefits of PowerPoint
6) Tips for creating effective PowerPoint Presentations
7) Alternatives to PowerPoint
8) Conclusion
PowerPoint is an essential multifunctional tool for making presentations which had been created by MS. As a part of the Microsoft Office Suite, it offers a toolbox to organise the presentation by using different tools and features to make it visually pleasant and attractive. MS PowerPoint gives the opportunity for the text, graphics, multimedia objects, and animation elements to be combined in one place to allow the users to present information in a more effective way.
In the course of time, PowerPoint has become a very functional tool to produce high-quality presentations Moreover, a secure system would be established to manage risks of data leakage or theft. First released in 1987 for Apple computers, it defies to the competition with its easy Graphical User Interface (GUIGUI)) and its large range of functions. With every new release, MS PowerPoint offered new functionality and boasted significant improvements, staying the wonder of the world of presentations.
The PowerPoint Program provides the presenter with an easy-to-use interface for designing and updating the presentation. It is important to master its main functions in order to conduct operations using this software with a level of proficiency.Here's a breakdown of the MS PowerPoint interface:
1) Ribbon: The Ribbon is located at the top of the MS PowerPoint window and has several tabs which include Home, Insert, Design, Transitions, etc.
2) Slides pane: Slide pane which is positioned to the far left of the window, is the PowerPoint window. You will see there a collection of your slides examples (thumbnails) which enables you to adjust and customize them with greater ease. The floating pane of the editor lets you not only add, delete, duplicate, but also hide slides from there.
3) Notes pane : The Notes pane is located below the Slides pane. It provides space for adding speaker notes or additional information related to each slide.
4) Slide area : The Slide area occupies the central part of the PowerPoint window. It displays the selected slide, where you can add and arrange content such as text, images, charts, and multimedia elements .
5) Task panes : Task panes are additional panels on the PowerPoint window's right side. They offer various functionalities such as formatting options, slide layouts, animations, etc. Task panes can be opened or closed based on your specific needs.
Understanding the MS PowerPoint interface will help you navigate the software effectively and make the most of its features. Whether you are creating slides, adding content, or applying formatting, having a good grasp of the interface ensures a smooth and productive experience .
When it comes to creating captivating and professional presentations, MS PowerPoint stands out as versatile and feature-rich software. Its array of tools and functionalities enables users to bring their imagination and ideas to life. Moreover, it also helps engage their audience effectively .
From slide templates to multimedia integration, there are various Features of PowerPoint ; let's discuss some of them below.
1) Slide Templates : PowerPoint provides a collection of pre-designed templates that make it easy to create visually appealing slides.
2) Slide Master : The Slide Master feature allows users to define the overall layout, font styles, and colour scheme for the entire presentation .
3) Animations and transitions : PowerPoint offers various animation effects and slide transitions to add visual interest and captivate the audience .
4) Multimedia integration : Users can embed images, videos, and audio files directly into their presentations, enhancing the overall impact .
5) Collaboration tools : MS PowerPoint allows multiple users to work on a presentation simultaneously, making it ideal for team projects and remote collaboration .
6) Presenter View : The Presenter View feature gives presenters access to speaker notes, a timer, and a preview of upcoming slides, enabling a seamless presentation experience .
These features collectively contribute to PowerPoint's versatility and make it a powerful tool for developing engaging and impactful presentations.
Take your Microsoft Office skills to the next level – sign up for our Power Apps and Power Automate Training !
Creating a presentation in PowerPoint is a straightforward process. Whether it's simple animations or explainer videos learning H ow to use PowerPoint is an extremely valuable skill. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to create a presentation:
1) Launch PowerPoint and choose a template or start with a blank slide.
2) Add slides by clicking "New Slide" or using the shortcut key (Ctrl + M).
3) Customise slide content by entering text and inserting visuals.
4) Rearrange slides for a logical flow by dragging them in the slide navigation pane.
5) Apply slide transitions for visual effects in the "Transitions" tab.
6) Add animations to objects in the "Animations" tab.
7) Preview your presentation by clicking "Slide Show".
8) Save your presentation and choose a format (.pptx or .pdf).
9) Share your presentation via email, cloud storage, or collaboration tools.
By following these steps, you can create a well-structured and visually appealing presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint. Remember to keep your content concise, use engaging visuals, and practice your presentation skills to deliver an impactful presentation .
Unlock your full potential and optimise your productivity with our comprehensive Microsoft Office 365 Masterclass . Sign up now!
PowerPoint is a very popular presentation software and for a good reason. It offers numerous benefits for users, from easy collaboration to ease of use. These are some of the key benefits of PowerPoint.
1) Visual appeal : Microsoft PowerPoint allows you to create visually appealing presentations with its wide range of design tools and features. You can use templates, themes, and customisable layouts to make your slides visually engaging and professional .
2) Easy to use : PowerPoint has a user-friendly interface, making it accessible to users of all levels. The intuitive tools and straightforward navigation make it easy to create, edit, and deliver presentations efficiently .
3) Flexibility : PowerPoint provides flexibility in terms of content creation. You can include various types of content, such as text, images, charts, graphs, videos, and audio files, to enhance your message and engage your audience effectively.
4) Organisation and structure : PowerPoint offers features to help you organise and structure your content. You can create multiple slides, use slide masters for consistent formatting, and arrange the sequence of slides to create a logical flow .
5) Presenter tools : PowerPoint includes built-in presenter tools that aid in delivering presentations smoothly. You can use presenter view to see your notes and upcoming slides while your audience sees only the presentation. Additionally, features like slide transitions and animations add visual interest and help you control the flow of information .
6) Collaboration and sharing : PowerPoint allows for easy collaboration and sharing of presentations. Several users can simultaneously work on the same presentation, making it convenient for team projects. You can also share your presentations via email, cloud storage, or online platforms, ensuring easy access for viewers .
7) Integration with other tools : PowerPoint can seamlessly integrate with other Microsoft Office applications, such as Word and Excel. You can import data and charts from Excel or copy and paste content between different Office applications, saving time and effort .
8) Presenter-audience interaction : PowerPoint provides features that facilitate interaction between the presenter and the audience. You can include interactive elements like hyperlinks, buttons, and quizzes to engage your audience and make your presentations more dynamic.
9) Portable and accessible : PowerPoint presentations can be saved in various formats, such as .pptx or .pdf, making them easily accessible on different devices. This portability allows you to deliver presentations on laptops, tablets, or even projectors without compatibility issues .
10) Time and effort savings : PowerPoint simplifies the process of creating presentations, saving you time and effort. The pre-designed templates, slide layouts, and formatting options enable you to create professional-looking presentations efficiently .
PowerPoint presentations can be powerful tools for communicating information and engaging an audience. Consider the following PowerPoint Tips to create effective presentations .
1) Simplicity is key : Keep your slides clean and uncluttered. Use concise bullet points and simple visuals to convey your message effectively .
2) Visuals matter : Incorporate relevant, high-quality visuals such as images, charts, and diagrams to enhance understanding and engagement .
3) Limit text : Avoid overwhelming your audience with excessive text on slides. Use brief phrases or keywords to communicate key points .
4) Choose legible fonts : Opt for clear and readable fonts that are easy to read, even from a distance. Maintain consistency in font styles throughout your presentation .
5) Consistent design : Maintain a consistent design theme, including colours, fonts, and layout, to create a visually appealing and professional presentation.
6) Emphasise important points : Use visual hierarchy techniques, such as font size, colour, and formatting, to draw attention to essential information .
7) Use transitions and animations sparingly : Incorporate slide transitions and animations thoughtfully, focusing on enhancing content and transitions without distracting the audience .
8) S lide notes for guidance : Utilise the slide notes feature to include additional details, explanations, or reminders for a well-prepared and confident presentation.
9) Practice and time yourself : Rehearse your presentation to ensure smooth delivery and stay within the allocated time. Practice helps you refine your content and delivery.
10) Engage the audience : Encourage audience participation through interactive elements, questions, or discussions to foster engagement and make your presentation more memorable.
By implementing these tips, you can create effective MS PowerPoint presentations that capture attention, communicate information clearly, and engage your audience effectively.
Most of you are used to using PowerPoint for your presentation needs since it was the first option available to us through our academics. However, if you wish to check out alternative options to Powerpoint know if they work better for you, here are ten options that is worth a short:
5) Slidebean
6) Zoho Show
7) Google Slide
9) Beautiful.ai
10) Microsoft Sway
This blog walked you through What is PowerPoint and how it can aid you in curating compelling visual representations of the message you wish to get across. We discussed it features and the process of how you can create presentations on PowerPoint. Now take what you know and run with it explore your options with your templates and building new ones, let your creativity take its course.
Learn how to create customised slide shows in MS PowerPoint with our Microsoft PowerPoint MO300 Training .
Well, making a presentation can be tricky business. Here are some of the common mistakes people make:
1) Adding too much text! The presentation needs to have brief and simple points you elaborate on in person.
2) Bad colour schemes for template and font colour. Sometimes the clash of colour may make the text illegible.
3) Too many elements! Crowding of elements may lose your audience’s attention.
Yes, you most definitely can! You can use PowerPoint online with a Microsoft Office 360 plug in that allows you to use all Microsoft applications on your browser.
The Knowledge Academy takes global learning to new heights, offering over 30,000 online courses across 490+ locations in 220 countries. This expansive reach ensures accessibility and convenience for learners worldwide.
Alongside our diverse Online Course Catalogue, encompassing 17 major categories, we go the extra mile by providing a plethora of free educational Online Resources like News updates, Blogs , videos, webinars, and interview questions. Tailoring learning experiences further, professionals can maximise value with customisable Course Bundles of TKA .
The Knowledge Academy’s Knowledge Pass , a prepaid voucher, adds another layer of flexibility, allowing course bookings over a 12-month period. Join us on a journey where education knows no bounds.
The Knowledge Academy offers various Microsoft Excel Training & Certification Course , including Microsoft Excel Masterclass Course, Six Sigma Black belt Microsoft Excel VBA and Macro Training and Excel for Accountants Masterclass Course. These courses cater to different skill levels, providing comprehensive insights into Excel Cheat Sheet: A Beginner's Guide .
Our Office Applications Blogs covers a range of topics offering valuable resources, best practices, and industry insights. Whether you are a beginner or looking to advance your skills, The Knowledge Academy's diverse courses and informative blogs have you covered.
Thu 4th Jul 2024
Thu 8th Aug 2024
Thu 5th Sep 2024
Thu 10th Oct 2024
Thu 7th Nov 2024
Thu 5th Dec 2024
WHO WILL BE FUNDING THE COURSE?
My employer
By submitting your details you agree to be contacted in order to respond to your enquiry
Our biggest spring sale.
We cannot process your enquiry without contacting you, please tick to confirm your consent to us for contacting you about your enquiry.
By submitting your details you agree to be contacted in order to respond to your enquiry.
We may not have the course you’re looking for. If you enquire or give us a call on 01344203999 and speak to our training experts, we may still be able to help with your training requirements.
Or select from our popular topics
Press esc to close
Fill out your contact details below and our training experts will be in touch.
Fill out your contact details below
Thank you for your enquiry!
One of our training experts will be in touch shortly to go over your training requirements.
Back to Course Information
Fill out your contact details below so we can get in touch with you regarding your training requirements.
* WHO WILL BE FUNDING THE COURSE?
Preferred Contact Method
No preference
Back to course information
Fill out your training details below
Fill out your training details below so we have a better idea of what your training requirements are.
HOW MANY DELEGATES NEED TRAINING?
HOW DO YOU WANT THE COURSE DELIVERED?
Online Instructor-led
Online Self-paced
WHEN WOULD YOU LIKE TO TAKE THIS COURSE?
Next 2 - 4 months
WHAT IS YOUR REASON FOR ENQUIRING?
Looking for some information
Looking for a discount
I want to book but have questions
One of our training experts will be in touch shortly to go overy your training requirements.
Like many websites we use cookies. We care about your data and experience, so to give you the best possible experience using our site, we store a very limited amount of your data. Continuing to use this site or clicking “Accept & close” means that you agree to our use of cookies. Learn more about our privacy policy and cookie policy cookie policy .
We use cookies that are essential for our site to work. Please visit our cookie policy for more information. To accept all cookies click 'Accept & close'.
Read an excerpt from a new book by Sir Ken Robinson and Kate Robinson, which calls for redesigning education for the future.
What is education for? As it happens, people differ sharply on this question. It is what is known as an “essentially contested concept.” Like “democracy” and “justice,” “education” means different things to different people. Various factors can contribute to a person’s understanding of the purpose of education, including their background and circumstances. It is also inflected by how they view related issues such as ethnicity, gender, and social class. Still, not having an agreed-upon definition of education doesn’t mean we can’t discuss it or do anything about it.
We just need to be clear on terms. There are a few terms that are often confused or used interchangeably—“learning,” “education,” “training,” and “school”—but there are important differences between them. Learning is the process of acquiring new skills and understanding. Education is an organized system of learning. Training is a type of education that is focused on learning specific skills. A school is a community of learners: a group that comes together to learn with and from each other. It is vital that we differentiate these terms: children love to learn, they do it naturally; many have a hard time with education, and some have big problems with school.
There are many assumptions of compulsory education. One is that young people need to know, understand, and be able to do certain things that they most likely would not if they were left to their own devices. What these things are and how best to ensure students learn them are complicated and often controversial issues. Another assumption is that compulsory education is a preparation for what will come afterward, like getting a good job or going on to higher education.
So, what does it mean to be educated now? Well, I believe that education should expand our consciousness, capabilities, sensitivities, and cultural understanding. It should enlarge our worldview. As we all live in two worlds—the world within you that exists only because you do, and the world around you—the core purpose of education is to enable students to understand both worlds. In today’s climate, there is also a new and urgent challenge: to provide forms of education that engage young people with the global-economic issues of environmental well-being.
This core purpose of education can be broken down into four basic purposes.
Education should enable young people to engage with the world within them as well as the world around them. In Western cultures, there is a firm distinction between the two worlds, between thinking and feeling, objectivity and subjectivity. This distinction is misguided. There is a deep correlation between our experience of the world around us and how we feel. As we explored in the previous chapters, all individuals have unique strengths and weaknesses, outlooks and personalities. Students do not come in standard physical shapes, nor do their abilities and personalities. They all have their own aptitudes and dispositions and different ways of understanding things. Education is therefore deeply personal. It is about cultivating the minds and hearts of living people. Engaging them as individuals is at the heart of raising achievement.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights emphasizes that “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights,” and that “Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.” Many of the deepest problems in current systems of education result from losing sight of this basic principle.
Schools should enable students to understand their own cultures and to respect the diversity of others. There are various definitions of culture, but in this context the most appropriate is “the values and forms of behavior that characterize different social groups.” To put it more bluntly, it is “the way we do things around here.” Education is one of the ways that communities pass on their values from one generation to the next. For some, education is a way of preserving a culture against outside influences. For others, it is a way of promoting cultural tolerance. As the world becomes more crowded and connected, it is becoming more complex culturally. Living respectfully with diversity is not just an ethical choice, it is a practical imperative.
There should be three cultural priorities for schools: to help students understand their own cultures, to understand other cultures, and to promote a sense of cultural tolerance and coexistence. The lives of all communities can be hugely enriched by celebrating their own cultures and the practices and traditions of other cultures.
Education should enable students to become economically responsible and independent. This is one of the reasons governments take such a keen interest in education: they know that an educated workforce is essential to creating economic prosperity. Leaders of the Industrial Revolution knew that education was critical to creating the types of workforce they required, too. But the world of work has changed so profoundly since then, and continues to do so at an ever-quickening pace. We know that many of the jobs of previous decades are disappearing and being rapidly replaced by contemporary counterparts. It is almost impossible to predict the direction of advancing technologies, and where they will take us.
How can schools prepare students to navigate this ever-changing economic landscape? They must connect students with their unique talents and interests, dissolve the division between academic and vocational programs, and foster practical partnerships between schools and the world of work, so that young people can experience working environments as part of their education, not simply when it is time for them to enter the labor market.
Education should enable young people to become active and compassionate citizens. We live in densely woven social systems. The benefits we derive from them depend on our working together to sustain them. The empowerment of individuals has to be balanced by practicing the values and responsibilities of collective life, and of democracy in particular. Our freedoms in democratic societies are not automatic. They come from centuries of struggle against tyranny and autocracy and those who foment sectarianism, hatred, and fear. Those struggles are far from over. As John Dewey observed, “Democracy has to be born anew every generation, and education is its midwife.”
For a democratic society to function, it depends upon the majority of its people to be active within the democratic process. In many democracies, this is increasingly not the case. Schools should engage students in becoming active, and proactive, democratic participants. An academic civics course will scratch the surface, but to nurture a deeply rooted respect for democracy, it is essential to give young people real-life democratic experiences long before they come of age to vote.
The conventional curriculum is based on a collection of separate subjects. These are prioritized according to beliefs around the limited understanding of intelligence we discussed in the previous chapter, as well as what is deemed to be important later in life. The idea of “subjects” suggests that each subject, whether mathematics, science, art, or language, stands completely separate from all the other subjects. This is problematic. Mathematics, for example, is not defined only by propositional knowledge; it is a combination of types of knowledge, including concepts, processes, and methods as well as propositional knowledge. This is also true of science, art, and languages, and of all other subjects. It is therefore much more useful to focus on the concept of disciplines rather than subjects.
Disciplines are fluid; they constantly merge and collaborate. In focusing on disciplines rather than subjects we can also explore the concept of interdisciplinary learning. This is a much more holistic approach that mirrors real life more closely—it is rare that activities outside of school are as clearly segregated as conventional curriculums suggest. A journalist writing an article, for example, must be able to call upon skills of conversation, deductive reasoning, literacy, and social sciences. A surgeon must understand the academic concept of the patient’s condition, as well as the practical application of the appropriate procedure. At least, we would certainly hope this is the case should we find ourselves being wheeled into surgery.
The concept of disciplines brings us to a better starting point when planning the curriculum, which is to ask what students should know and be able to do as a result of their education. The four purposes above suggest eight core competencies that, if properly integrated into education, will equip students who leave school to engage in the economic, cultural, social, and personal challenges they will inevitably face in their lives. These competencies are curiosity, creativity, criticism, communication, collaboration, compassion, composure, and citizenship. Rather than be triggered by age, they should be interwoven from the beginning of a student’s educational journey and nurtured throughout.
From Imagine If: Creating a Future for Us All by Sir Ken Robinson, Ph.D and Kate Robinson, published by Penguin Books, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC. Copyright © 2022 by the Estate of Sir Kenneth Robinson and Kate Robinson.
Misinformation is false or inaccurate information—getting the facts wrong. Disinformation is false information which is deliberately intended to mislead—intentionally misstating the facts.
The spread of misinformation and disinformation has affected our ability to improve public health, address climate change, maintain a stable democracy, and more. By providing valuable insight into how and why we are likely to believe misinformation and disinformation, psychological science can inform how we protect ourselves against its ill effects.
Combating misinformation and promoting psychological science literacy
Approved by APA Council of Representatives, February 2024
Using psychological science to understand and fight health misinformation
This report describes the best available psychological science on misinformation, particularly as it relates to health.
It offers eight specific recommendations to help scientists, policymakers, and health professionals respond to the ongoing threats posed by misinformation.
Is it safe to get health advice from influencers?
Eight specific ways to combat misinformation
Factors that make people believe misinformation
How and why does misinformation spread?
True or False? The Science of Perception, Misinformation, and Disinformation
Written for preteens and young teens in lively text accompanied by fun facts, this book explores what psychology tells us about development and persistence of false perceptions and beliefs and the difficulty of correcting them, plus ways to debunk misinformation and think critically and factually about the world around us.
What employers can do to counter election misinformation in the workplace
Using psychological science to fight misinformation: A guide for journalists
Psychology is leading the way on fighting misinformation
This election year, fighting misinformation is messier and more important than ever
Stopping the spread of misinformation
The anatomy of a misinformation attack
Tackling Misinformation Ahead of Election Day
APA and the Civic Alliance collaborated to address the impact of mis- and disinformation on our democracy. APA experts discussed the psychology behind how mis- and disinformation occurs, and why we should care.
Building Back Trust in Science: Community-Centered Solutions
APA collaborated with American Public Health Association, National League of Cities, and Research!America to host a virtual national conversation about the psychology and impact of misinformation on public health.
Fighting Misinformation With Psychological Science
Psychological science is playing a key role in the global cooperative effort to combat misinformation and change the course on how we’re tackling critical societal issues.
Explore the latest psychological research on misinformation and disinformation
How long does gamified psychological inoculation protect people against misinformation?
Perceptions of fake news, misinformation, and disinformation amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative exploration
Quantifying the effects of fake news on behavior: Evidence from a study of COVID-19 misinformation
Countering misinformation and fake news through inoculation and prebunking
Who is susceptible to online health misinformation? A test of four psychosocial hypotheses
It might become true: How prefactual thinking licenses dishonesty
To find a researcher studying misinformation and disinformation, please contact our press office .
BMC Medical Education volume 24 , Article number: 653 ( 2024 ) Cite this article
628 Accesses
5 Altmetric
Metrics details
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition which may arise from infection in any organ system and requires early recognition and management. Healthcare professionals working in any specialty may need to manage patients with sepsis. Educating medical students about this condition may be an effective way to ensure all future doctors have sufficient ability to diagnose and treat septic patients. However, there is currently no consensus on what competencies medical students should achieve regarding sepsis recognition and treatment. This study aims to outline what sepsis-related competencies medical students should achieve by the end of their medical student training in both high or upper-middle incomes countries/regions and in low or lower-middle income countries/regions.
Two separate panels from high or upper-middle income and low or lower-middle income countries/regions participated in a Delphi method to suggest and rank sepsis competencies for medical students. Each panel consisted of 13–18 key stakeholders of medical education and doctors in specialties where sepsis is a common problem (both specialists and trainees). Panelists came from all continents, except Antarctica.
The panels reached consensus on 38 essential sepsis competencies in low or lower-middle income countries/regions and 33 in high or upper-middle incomes countries/regions. These include competencies such as definition of sepsis and septic shock and urgency of antibiotic treatment. In the low or lower-middle income countries/regions group, consensus was also achieved for competencies ranked as very important, and was achieved in 4/5 competencies rated as moderately important. In the high or upper-middle incomes countries/regions group, consensus was achieved in 41/57 competencies rated as very important but only 6/11 competencies rated as moderately important.
Medical schools should consider developing curricula to address essential competencies, as a minimum, but also consider addressing competencies rated as very or moderately important.
Peer Review reports
Sepsis is characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from the body’s response to infection, estimated to affect 48.9 million patients and account for 11 million deaths each year [ 1 ]. The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic also accentuates the disease burden of sepsis, as sepsis is a frequent complication resulting in high morbidity and mortality [ 2 ]. Early recognition and treatment is vital to increase survival and reduce morbidity. As sepsis may result from infection in any organ system, healthcare professionals working in any specialty may need to manage septic patients [ 3 ]. Thus, improving survival from sepsis requires all healthcare workers to be educated in its recognition and management.
In 2017 the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution to improve the prevention, diagnosis and management of sepsis and suggested educational development for health care workers [ 3 ]. More recently, the development of a core competency framework on sepsis for health care workers was identified as a priority at a WHO Sepsis Technical Expert Meeting [ 4 ]. Teaching medical students about sepsis may be an effective way of ensuring that all future doctors have sufficient ability to diagnose and treat septic patients. Medical school curricula are increasingly designed using the competency-based medical education framework [ 5 ]. However, there is currently no consensus on what competencies medical students should achieve regarding sepsis recognition and treatment. Determining appropriate competencies is a crucial first step for development of appropriate curricula and for evaluating adequacy of training. Although previous studies have investigated the knowledge of medical students and junior doctors regarding sepsis, the usefulness of these data are limited by the absence of external criteria to judge adequacy [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, a MedLine search using the medical subject headings “sepsis” and “students, medical” and “curriculum” revealed no publications that addressed the issue of what should be included in medical student sepsis curricula.
Most studies of sepsis and recent management guidelines have focused on high income countries/regions but most of the worlds’ population lives in low and middle income countries/regions [ 10 ]. In 2017 85% of sepsis cases occurred in areas with low, low-middle or middle standard development index (SDI). Furthermore, the highest age-standardised sepsis-related mortality occurred in areas with the lowest SDI, highlighting the high burden of sepsis in low and middle income countries/regions [ 1 ]. The challenges to providing high quality sepsis care likely differ substantially between high income and low/ middle income healthcare systems. For example, 15% of Latin American intensivists reported inadequate conditions to manage patients with septic shock due to insufficient technology, laboratory support, imaging and drug resources [ 11 ]. In Africa, only 1.5% of respondents to a survey in 2011, felt they had resources to implement the entire Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines [ 12 ]. Consequently, it is likely that training requirements for medical students should also differ [ 9 ].
We therefore carried out a study, using a Delphi technique, to determine what sepsis-related competencies medical students should achieve by the end of their medical student training in both high or upper-middle incomes countries/regions (HUMIC) and in low or lower-middle income countries/regions (LLMIC) [ 12 ]. This study is intended to be the first step in a multi-stage process. Obtaining consensus on what should be included in a sepsis medical school curriculum is the first stage. Further work and studies are required to design and implement a curriculum, develop assessment tools and validate the competencies/ curriculum suggested by this study.
Approval to carry out the study was obtained from the Survey and Behavioral Research Ethics Committee of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (SBRE 221-17).
An initial search of EMBASE and PubMed using the medical subject headings “sepsis” and “students, medical” and “curriculum” was conducted to identify studies for determining medical student sepsis curricula. No studies were found.
A Delphi method was used to determine sepsis-related competencies which medical students should have achieved by the end of their undergraduate training. The Delphi process involved several stages [ 13 ]. Firstly, panels of experts were assembled: one consisting of panelists from HUMIC (as defined by the World Bank for the 2018 fiscal year) and one consisting of panelists from LLMIC [ 14 ]. When forming the panel the following factors were considered. First, there should be a balance between panelists with and without a specific interest in sepsis. Second, panelists should come from a range of geographical areas and specialties that commonly manage patients with sepsis. Third, the panel should include doctors who had recently qualified and not yet completed specialist training. Finally, the panel should include members with responsibility for the overall medical school curriculum at their institution. Medical students were not included as panelists as they were deemed to lack sufficient experience and insight regarding sepsis education. However, we believe that recent graduates retain an appreciation of the scope and volume of the whole medical curriculum while understanding the aspects of medical education necessary for patient care. Digital written informed consent to participate was given by all panelists, who volunteered their time without funding.
During the second stage, panelists were asked to individually suggest a broad list of up to 20 competencies that they thought final year medical students should have regarding sepsis. From these suggestions a list of competencies from each of the two panels was compiled. Two researchers (GELM and LL) then individually eliminated duplicates from these lists, with disagreement between the two researchers being resolved by discussion.
During the third stage, the lists of competencies were circulated to the respective panelists, who independently rated the importance of each competency, without awareness of other participant’s ratings, on a numeric scale of 1 to 5 as essential (1), very important (2), moderately important (3), slightly important (4) or unimportant (5) [ 15 ].
During the fourth stage, the collated results for each panel were sent to all members of that panel. Panelists were shown their own rating and the distribution of ratings by all other panelists for each competency. Participants were able to change their rating with the understanding that the purpose of the round was to achieve consensus. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% of participants rating the importance within two adjacent categories; e.g. 75% of participants rating a competency as either essential or very important [ 16 ]. After this fourth stage the results were examined by three investigators and an independent adjudicator to determine whether discussion of the precise wording of the competency followed by a further round of voting was likely to result in consensus. This process was completed by 9 th May 2020. To facilitate translation and adoption into medical school curricula, competencies were classified according to the 8 commonly accepted competency domains in competency-based medical education: patient care, knowledge for practice, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, professionalism, systems-based practice, interprofessional collaboration, and personal and professional development [ 17 ]. Median was used to summarize importance ratings.
Submission of suggestions, rating of competencies and revision of ratings were all carried out electronically using REDCap electronic data capture tools hosted at the Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [ 18 , 19 ]. There was no direct face to face discussion between panelists, who all worked independently.
We invited 19 participants from HUMIC and 15 participants from LLMIC. All HUMIC invitees accepted but one did not respond to any further correspondence leaving 18 panelists. One of the LLMIC invitees did not respond to our invitation and one accepted the invitation but did not respond to any further correspondence, leaving 13 panelists. In the HUMIC group, 14 panelists were from high income countries/regions and four from upper-middle income countries/regions: six from North America, one from South America, four from Asia, four from Europe, two from Oceania and one from Africa. In the LLMIC group, five were from low-income countries/regions and eight from lower-middle income countries/regions: one from North America, three from Asia, one from Oceania and eight from Africa. The specialty areas for which the panelists were invited are given in Table 1 . Members of the panel included representatives from World Health Organization (WHO), Global Sepsis Alliance, Latin American Institute of Sepsis, Chinese Society of Critical Care Medicine, African Sepsis Alliance, Asia Pacific Sepsis Alliance, and panelists with overall responsibility for medical school curricula.
Panelists in the HUMIC group made 239 suggestions, which were reduced to 109 after removing duplicates. Panelists in the LLMIC group suggested 195, which were subsequently reduced to 88.
After two rounds of rating, consensus was reached for all but one competency in the LLMIC group and all competencies with a median rating greater than very important in the HUMIC group (Table 2 ). Examination of the distribution of the ratings (by JGM, GCD, LL and GELM) for those competencies for which consensus was not achieved (Supplementary Table 1) suggested that re-wording of the competency was unlikely to achieve consensus if subjected to another round of rating. Competencies rated below moderately important are given in Supplementary Table 2. There was no missing data.
Our study is the first study to identify sepsis-related competencies that medical students should achieve by graduation. This is in line with the priority identified at the WHO Sepsis Expert Technical meeting in 2018 to develop core competency frameworks on sepsis for health care workers. We identified 38 and 33 essential competencies which medical students should achieve in LLMIC and HUMIC, respectively. Consensus was reached for all essential competencies. In the LLMIC group, complete consensus was also achieved for competencies ranked as very important and was achieved in 4/5 competencies rated as moderately important. In the HUMIC group, consensus was achieved in 41/57 competencies rated as very important but only 6/11 competencies rated as moderately important. These competencies have been endorsed by the Global Sepsis Alliance to guide development of sepsis curricula for medical students.
Given the burden of sepsis and the need for early intervention, doctors working in all specialties should have the basic competencies required for diagnosing and managing septic patients. It therefore behoves medical schools to provide training in sepsis recognition and management. Indeed, it has been suggested that member states of the WHO should mandate this training for all healthcare workers [ 4 ].
We believe the competencies identified in this study provides a useful framework on which to develop sepsis training for medical students. The aim of modern competency-based medical education is to train “health-professionals that can practice medicine at a defined level of proficiency” [ 20 ]. Most of the identified competencies were within the domains of patient care, knowledge for practice and interpersonal and communication skills [ 17 ]. This reflects the objective of this study which was to identify core competencies that medical students should achieve by graduation to care for patients with sepsis.
While we understand that different medical schools will have different priorities for teaching, we strongly suggest that, as a minimum, training to achieve the competencies rated essential be incorporated into the curriculum of all medical schools. We also suggest that medical students should achieve competencies rated very important or moderately important for which consensus was obtained (Table 2 ). For example, both LLMIC and HUMIC panels ranked “know the definition of sepsis” and “know that early recognition of sepsis is important” as essential competencies. Meanwhile, “know the SIRS criteria and recognize them when present in a patient”, “know how to calculate and utilize qSOFA score” and “know rationale to justify revising definitions of sepsis from previous SIRS based definition” were only ranked as very important rather than essential. Whilst these seemingly similar competencies resulted in different importance rankings, the need to know the definition of sepsis and importance of early sepsis recognition are key concepts of sepsis management. Instead, SIRS or qSOFA criteria are imperfect tools for sepsis recognition which may be updated or replaced over time. Indeed, differences in use of SIRS and qSOFA to diagnose and prognosticate sepsis when compared to Sepsis-3 criteria based on SOFA has been well documented [ 21 ]. This distinction in ranking may help medical schools prioritize essential learning objectives in curriculum development.
A guiding principle of competency based-medical education is to achieve competencies that are “in accord with local conditions to meet local needs [ 20 ]”. We anticipated that LLMIC would have different priorities and requirements for medical students compared with HUMIC. Therefore, LLMIC and HUMIC had separate panels and thus separate results. While many of the suggested competencies overlapped, there were some suggestions that differed between the groups (Table 2 and Supplementary Table 1). For example, an essential competency for LLMIC is to know how to diagnose malaria, while this was not even suggested HUMIC group. In addition, some basic skills such as being able to measure blood pressure and blood glucose were included by the LLMIC panel but not the HUMIC panel. Furthermore, an essential competency included by the LLMIC but not HUMIC panel was to be able to prioritize patients needing critical care when resources are scarce. While we attempted to address heterogeneity by having separate LLMIC and HUMIC panels, this does not address the heterogeneity in diseases and resources within LLMIC or HUMIC.
Studies based on Delphi methodology are entirely dependent on the opinion of their expert panels [ 22 ]. By their very nature these panels are not randomly selected and the selection process may introduce bias. We used specific criteria to determine the composition of the panels to minimize bias. In particular, we deliberately included panelists who did not have a particular interest in sepsis and panelists whose professional position allowed them an overview of their entire medical school curriculum. There was, perhaps, an over-representation of Intensive Care specialists in the HUMIC group, but the inclusion of life-threatening organ dysfunction in sepsis criteria means that Intensive Care specialists are inevitably major stakeholders. Furthermore, the relatively high proportion of Intensive Care specialists on the panel does not appear to have been reflected in those competencies considered essential, none of which are specific to Intensive Care practice. In retrospect, the failure to include public health specialists was a weakness, which may have resulted in an absence of suggestions for public health interventions such as vaccination.
We defined consensus as 75% of panelists rating the importance of a competency within two adjacent categories. Percentage agreement is the most common method of defining consensus and the median threshold for agreement in 25 Delphi studies that were recently reviewed was 75%, with a reported threshold agreement range of 50–97% [ 16 ]. There is no consensus on the number of panelists required, but our number of panelists falls within the commonly used range. In a review of 76 healthcare related Delphi studies the median number of individuals invited to participate was 17 (interquartile range of 11–31), and in a review of 100 studies the most common number of panelists in the final round was between 11 and 25 [ 23 , 24 ].
While the Delphi method is a widely used method for developing guidelines and curricula, there are no published data to demonstrate that Delphi-based curricula improve students’ learning outcomes. This is partly due to difficulties in separating the effects of curriculum and curriculum content.
Another potential limitation is that panelists didn’t meet to discuss results. It is possible that consensus wasn’t achieved for some competencies because panelists weren’t able to discuss the reasoning behind their suggestions. In contrast, an advantage of the panelists not meeting was the absence of social pressure to agree with a suggestion that they fundamentally did not agree with, thus avoiding false consensus.
It is possible that greater consensus would have been achieved if a further round of rating had been undertaken after discussion on re-wording competency statements. However, after careful assessment, the adjudicating group believed that this was unlikely, and that considering the level and nature of competencies for which consensus was not reached, greater consensus would not substantially increase the usefulness of this document.
The results of this study were collected prior to the 2021 update to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the management of sepsis. While it is possible that these newer guidelines might have altered the panelists’ recommendations, the relatively non-specific nature of the recommendations mean it is unlikely that they would be significantly impacted by changes in guidelines regarding the specific management of sepsis [ 25 ].
As mentioned above, the results of the study are based on expert opinion not high level evidence. However, we are not aware of any high level evidence on which to base a medical student sepsis curriculum. Once a curriculum and assessment based on these competencies has been developed, further research to validate our data as a tool to strengthen medical students’ experience and clinical performance may be possible.
We have identified essential sepsis-related competencies for medical students in both LLMIC and HUMIC. Consensus on their importance was achieved for all these competencies. We suggest that medical schools develop curricula to address these competencies, as a minimum, but also consider addressing competencies rated as very or moderately important.
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].
Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2020;395(10219):200–11. Epub 2020/01/20.
Article Google Scholar
da Silva Ramos FJ, de Freitas FGR, Machado FR. Sepsis in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019: how often and how severe? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2021;27(5):474–4792.
Reinhart K, Daniels R, Kissoon N, et al. Recognizing sepsis as a global health priority - a WHO resolution. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(5):414–7. Epub 2017/06/29.
WHO Sepsis Technical Expert Meeting - Meeting Report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
Ryan MS, Blood AD, Park YS, et al. Competency-based frameworks in medical school education programs: a thematic analysis of the academic medicine snapshots. Acad Med. 2022;97(11S):63–70.
Marshall-Brown P, Namboya F, Pollach G. Evaluating sepsis training for medical students and nonphysicians in Malawi. J Clin Anesth. 2016;34:352–7. Epub 2016/10/01.
Hansel M, Winkelmann AM, Hardt F, et al. Impact of simulator training and crew resource management training on final-year medical students’ performance in sepsis resuscitation: a randomized trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2012;78(8):901–9. Epub 2012/04/17.
Google Scholar
Nguyen HB, Daniel-Underwood L, Van Ginkel C, et al. An educational course including medical simulation for early goal-directed therapy and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle: an evaluation for medical student training. Resuscitation. 2009;80(6):674–9. Epub 2009/04/28.
Ziglam HM, Morales D, Webb K, Nathwani D. Knowledge about sepsis among training-grade doctors. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;57(5):963–5. Epub 2006/03/15.
Shrestha GS, Kwizera A, Lundeg G, et al. International Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines 2016: the perspective from low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(9):893–5. Epub 2017/08/29.
Castro R, Nin N, Rios F, et al. The practice of intensive care in Latin America: a survey of academic intensivists. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):39. Epub 2018/02/22.
Baelani I, Jochberger S, Laimer T, et al. Availability of critical care resources to treat patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in Africa: a self-reported, continent-wide survey of anaesthesia providers. Crit Care. 2011;15(1):10. Epub 2011/01/12.
Jones J, Hunter D. Consensus methods for medical and health services research. BMJ. 1995;311(7001):376–80. Epub 1995/08/05.
World Bank Operational Income Category. The World Bank; 2018.
Brown S. Likert scale examples for surveys. 2010. Available from: https://www.extension.iastate.edu/Documents/ANR/LikertScaleExamplesforSurveys.pdf .
Diamond IR, Grand RC, Feldman BM, et al. Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67(4):401–9. Epub 2014/03/04.
Englander R, Cameron T, Ballard AJ, et al. Toward a common taxonomy of competency domains for the health professions and competencies for physicians. Acad Med. 2013;88(8):1088–94.
Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)–a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–81. Epub 2008/10/22.
Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, et al. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019;95:103208. Epub 2019/05/13.
McGaghie WC, Miller GE, Sajid AW, Telder TW. Competency-based curriculum development in medical education - an introduction. Genf: WHO; 1978.
Li A, Ling L, Arabi YM, et al. Prognostic evaluation of quick sequential organ failure assessment score in ICU patients with sepsis across different income settings. Crit Care. 2024;28(1):30.
Shang Z. Use of Delphi in health sciences research: a narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2013;102(7):e32829.
Boulkedid R, Abdoul H, Loustau M, et al. Using and reporting the Delphi method for selecting healthcare quality indicators: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20476. Epub 2011/06/23.
Smith AG, Brainard JC, Campbell KA. Development of an undergraduate medical education critical care content outline utilizing the Delphi method. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(1):98–103.
Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Executive summary: surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for the management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(11):1974–82.
Download references
The authors would like to thank Bryan Ng and Charles David Gomersall, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong for their help with the study. Mr Ng set up and maintained the data collection system and Professor Gomersall critiqued the study design and manuscript and helped adjudicate the need for another Delphi round. The authors would also like to thank Professor Simon Finfer for providing feedback on the manuscript.
This study was not funded.
Authors and affiliations.
Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Elanor Lian Mary Gomersall
Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Elanor Lian Mary Gomersall, Lowell Ling & Gavin Matthew Joynt
Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
Konrad Reinhart
Department of Anaesthesia, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Victoria Bion
Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Paul Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abeselom Ekesh
Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
Christiana Adu-Takyi
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Luciano Cesar Pontes Azevedo
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
Paulin Ruhato Banguti
Department of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
Jonathan Cohen
World Health Organization, Avenue de Appia 20, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
Janet Victoria Diaz
Medical Intensive Care Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
David M. Goldfarb
Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Adults Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, México
Luis Antonio Gorordo-Delsol
Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Colin Alexander Graham
Emergency Department,, Hospital de Clinicas, Asunción, Paraguay
Ricardo Iramain
Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
Shevin T. Jacob
ANU Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Woden, Australia
Zsuzsoka Kecskes
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Niranjan Kissoon
Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Jeffrey Lipman
Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
Department of Critical Care and Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaan Batar, Mongolia
Ganbold Lundeg
Department of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
Kathryn Maitland
KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
Adult Critical Care Medicine Department, Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
Kamal Osman Mergani
Dunvegan Medical Centre, 48 Dunvegan Avenue, Edenvale, Gauging, South Africa
Christopher Moschides
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
Miriam Nakalembe
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Park Lane, Enugu, Nigeria
Ikenna Kingsley Ndu
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Emergency Department, National Referral Hospital, Honiara, Solomon Islands
Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Nepal
Ashis Shresthra
Eaglescliffe Health Centre, Sunningdale Drive, Eaglescliffe, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
Simon Stockley
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Daniel Talmor
Department of Emergency Medicine, John Muir Health, Walnut Creek/ Concord, CA, USA
Audrey Bree Tse
Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Anand Zachariah
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
GELM, LL and JGM conceived the study and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. GELM, LL and JGM reviewed the submitted competencies and decided on the need for further Delphi rounds. All other authors were panelists who suggested and ranked competencies, revised and approved the final manuscript and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Correspondence to Elanor Lian Mary Gomersall or Lowell Ling .
Ethics approval and consent to participate.
Approval to carry out the study was obtained from the Survey and Behavioral Research Ethics Committee of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (SBRE 221-17). Digital written informed consent to participate was given by all panelists, who volunteered their time without funding.
Not applicable.
The authors declare no competing interests.
Publisher’s note.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary material 1., rights and permissions.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
Reprints and permissions
Cite this article.
Gomersall, E.L.M., Ling, L., Reinhart, K. et al. Core sepsis-related competencies for medical students: an international consensus by Delphi technique. BMC Med Educ 24 , 653 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05525-9
Download citation
Received : 12 September 2023
Accepted : 06 May 2024
Published : 11 June 2024
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05525-9
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
ISSN: 1472-6920
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
The definition or meaning of a formal presentation is a presentation that one has had time to prepare for. One has generally been asked in advance to give the presentation, and one has practiced ...
A Presentation Is... A presentation is a means of communication that can be adapted to various speaking situations, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team. A presentation can also be used as a broad term that encompasses other 'speaking engagements' such as making a speech at a wedding, or getting a point across ...
Presentation skills are the abilities and qualities necessary for creating and delivering a compelling presentation that effectively communicates information and ideas. They encompass what you say, how you structure it, and the materials you include to support what you say, such as slides, videos, or images. You'll make presentations at various ...
4. Reduce Noise. Many teachers like to add banners, headers, footers, page numbers and more noise to their slides. Unless the information needs to be on every slide for a vital reason (which is rare), you should remove it. All these redundant elements do is create distractions from the content of your slides.
Oral presentations, activities often assessed and also a means by which learning could take place, are commonplace in higher education. General (delivery) skills in presentations are particularly useful beyond university such as in job interviews and communication with clients and colleagues in the workplace.
A presentation is a slide-based visual storytelling aid. It's used for transferring information and emotion to an audience with visual, vocal, and textual communication. The purpose of a presentation is to help the audience understand a subject matter. Presentations are used in business, academics, and entertainment.
Higher education culture, particularly in North America, is dominated by written assignments (Zareva 2012).However, there is growing realization among students, instructors, and employers alike that development of skills for giving effective presentations should begin early in students' college education as those skills are essential to the training of future professionals (Chivers and ...
Delivery. It is important to dress appropriately, stand up straight, and project your voice towards the back of the room. Practise using a microphone, or any other presentation aids, in advance. If you don't have your own presenting style, think of the style of inspirational scientific speakers you have seen and imitate it.
A speaker giving a presentation using a projector. A presentation conveys information from a speaker to an audience.Presentations are typically demonstrations, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build goodwill, or present a new idea/product. Presentations usually require preparation, organization, event planning, writing, use of visual aids, dealing ...
1. Tailor Your Presentation to Your Audience. This is a crucial step that all presenters should take. Speaking to educators is different from speaking to school leadership, and speaking to school leadership is different from speaking to a group of students. Regardless of whom you are speaking to, understanding the audience attending the ...
Graphic Organizer Prompt 1: Create a poster, chart, or some other type of graphic organizer that lists the importance of good presentation skills for both the audience and the presenter. Example ...
Presentations normally have one or more of the following aims: To inform/ raise awareness of an important issue. To persuade people to do something. Form part of an exam, demonstrating public speaking/presentation skills in a first or second language. I set students a task where they answer these questions:
presentation: [noun] the act of presenting. the act, power, or privilege especially of a patron of applying to the bishop or ordinary for instituting someone into a benefice.
But lessons in presentation cover so many more skills than those required to "speak to the masses.". Lessons include focused communication skills such as eye contact, tone, volume, speed, inflection, gestures, and the recognition and elimination of nervous tendencies. Required practice is the only opportunity to learn and perfect these ...
Presentation literacy isn't an optional extra for the few. It's a core skill for the twenty-first century. It's the most impactful way to share who you are and what you care about. If you can learn to do it, your self-confidence will flourish, and you may be amazed at the beneficial impact it can have on your success in life, however you ...
To present a lesson or demonstrate a skill. Clearly describes the content or how to perform or execute the skill. 3: Narrative. To entertain, inform, or share thoughts and reflections. Describes information in an entertaining way. 4: Information Report. To describe what is known about a certain topic.
A 4-H educational presentation is a demonstration of your knowledge and skills in a certain project area. This presentation is done in a way that is most comfortable to you. It can be accomplished using props (method demonstration), posters or media presentations (illustrated talk), or it can be you just speaking and convincing, or simply ...
Prezi is a powerful presentation system that uses lots of media types making it very versatile as a teaching tool. (Image credit: Prezi) Prezi is a presentation tool that uses different media types to help make whatever is being shown as engaging as possible. This is specifically targeted at education, as well as business users.
Oct 24, 2020. Presentation, practice, production (PPP) is a lesson structure, a way to order activities in your lessons. Although quite old and heavily criticised over the years, PPP is probably the most commonly used lesson structure in teaching English to foreign learners today.
A presentation can be effective if it is carefully planned and prepared. However, delivering presentations is not always easy for every individual. Some people take presenting as a probable opportunity to showcase skills, while others find it a challenging task. To provide an effective presentation, a presenter must possess some abilities.
In education, the term exhibition refers to projects, presentations, or products through which students "exhibit" what they have learned, usually as a way of demonstrating whether and to what degree they have achieved expected learning standards or learning objectives.An exhibition is typically both a learning experience in itself and a means of evaluating academic progress and achievement.
A strong presentation is so much more than information pasted onto a series of slides with fancy backgrounds. Whether you're pitching an idea, reporting market research, or sharing something ...
Benefits of PowerPoint. PowerPoint is a very popular presentation software and for a good reason. It offers numerous benefits for users, from easy collaboration to ease of use. These are some of the key benefits of PowerPoint. 1) Visual appeal: Microsoft PowerPoint allows you to create visually appealing presentations with its wide range of ...
Capstone projects are generally designed to encourage students to think critically, solve challenging problems, and develop skills such as oral communication, public speaking, research skills, media literacy, teamwork, planning, self-sufficiency, or goal setting—i.e., skills that will help prepare them for college, modern careers, and adult life.
Still, not having an agreed-upon definition of education doesn't mean we can't discuss it or do anything about it. We just need to be clear on terms. There are a few terms that are often confused or used interchangeably—"learning," "education," "training," and "school"—but there are important differences between them ...
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence (AI) is the theory and development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that historically required human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and identifying patterns. AI is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide variety of technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language ...
Misinformation is false or inaccurate information—getting the facts wrong. Disinformation is false information which is deliberately intended to mislead—intentionally making the misstating facts.
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition which may arise from infection in any organ system and requires early recognition and management. Healthcare professionals working in any specialty may need to manage patients with sepsis. Educating medical students about this condition may be an effective way to ensure all future doctors have sufficient ability to diagnose and treat septic patients.
Met de gratis Europass CV-editor kunt u uw CV online maken en gebruiken om te solliciteren naar banen, opleidingen of vrijwilligerswerk.