Ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information.
As the total potential impact on the university increases from low to high, data classification should become more restrictive, moving from public to restricted . If an appropriate classification is still unclear after considering these points, contact the Information Security Office for assistance.
The Information Security Office and the Office of General Counsel have defined several types of Restricted data based on state and federal regulatory requirements. This list does not encompass all types of restricted data. Predefined types of restricted information are defined as follows:
An Authentication Verifier is a piece of information that is held in confidence by an individual and used to prove that the person is who they say they are. In some instances, an Authentication Verifier may be shared amongst a small group of individuals. An Authentication Verifier may also be used to prove the identity of a system or service. Examples include, but are not limited to: | ||
See the University's . | ||
EPHI is defined as any Protected Health Information (PHI) that is stored in or transmitted by electronic media. For the purpose of this definition, electronic media includes: | ||
Export Controlled Materials are defined as any information or materials that are subject to the United States export control regulations, including, but not limited to, the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) published by the US Department of Commerce and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) published by the US Department of State. See the for more information. |
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FTI is defined as any return, return information, or taxpayer return information that is entrusted to the University by the Internal Revenue Services. See for more information. | ||
Payment card information is defined as a credit card number (also referred to as a primary account number or PAN) in combination with one or more of the following data elements: Payment Card Information is also governed by the University's (login required). |
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Personally Identifiable Education Records are defined as any Education Records that contain one or more of the following personal identifiers: See Carnegie Mellon's for more information on what constitutes an Education Record. | ||
For the purpose of meeting security breach notification requirements, PII is defined as a person’s first name or first initial and last name in combination with one or more of the following data elements: | ||
PHI is defined as individually identifiable health information transmitted by electronic media, maintained in electronic media, or transmitted or maintained in any other form or medium by a Covered Component, as defined in Carnegie Mellon’s . PHI is considered individually identifiable if it contains one or more of the following identifiers: Per Carnegie Mellon's , PHI does not include education records or treatment records covered by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act or employment records held by the University in its role as an employer. | ||
Controlled Technical Information means technical information with military or space applications that is subject to controls on the access, use, reproduction, modification, performance, display, release, disclosure, or dissemination per . | ||
Documents and data labeled or marked For Official Use Only are a pre-cursor of as defined by the . | ||
The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) defines personal data as any information that can identify a natural person, directly or indirectly, by reference to an identifier, including: Any personal data that is collected from individuals in European Economic Area (EEA) countries is subject to GDPR. For questions, send an email to . |
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, as defined by is a designation from the US government for information that must be protected according to specific requirements (see ). CUI is an umbrella term for multiple other data types, such as , For , and information. Personally Identifiable Information can also be CUI when given to the University as part of a Federal government contract or sub-contract. |
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1.0 | 11/16/22 | Guideline moved from the ISO site. |
2.0 | 4/14/23 | Guideline was updated and approved by the Data Stewardship Council. |
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Revising isn't the first step in the process of writing a research paper, but it is perhaps the most important. Many students skip the revision process, mistaking editing for revision. While editing is also very important, revision is an integral part of any good writing process. During revision, you should try to see your work from different ...
This post offers six tips for ensuring that your revision process goes smoothly. 1. Step away from your paper. It's always best to take a break between writing your research paper and revising it. This enables you to approach your revision with fresh eyes. You'll catch more errors when you've had time to step away from the paper.
Steps for Revising Your Paper. When you have plenty of time to revise, use the time to work on your paper and to take breaks from writing. If you can forget about your draft for a day or two, you may return to it with a fresh outlook. During the revising process, put your writing aside at least twice—once during the first part of the process ...
This process is called revising and editing. Revision allows you to perfect your prose, sharpen the vocabulary, and ensure that others' ideas are properly represented. As you revise, you will want to make sure that: Your introduction engages the reader and clearly presents a thesis that responds to your assignment.
An effective research paper uses a style and tone that are appropriately academic and serious. When revising a research paper, check that the style and tone are consistent throughout. Editing a research paper involves checking for errors in grammar, mechanics, punctuation, usage, spelling, citations, and formatting.
Revising Changing your writing to better present your ideas •Add or change words to be specific & vivid •Remove or reorder words to be clear and succinct •Reorganize paragraphs and sentences Editing Correcting your writing and language use •Fix spelling, grammar, punctuation, and capitalization •Change incorrect words (e.g.
One helpful way of thinking about revision comes from A Community of Writers by Peter Elbow and Pat Belanoff. They use these phrases to talk about three levels at which you can alter a piece of writing: Change the bones: Make very significant changes to content and ideas. Change the muscles: Rearrange, add ideas, or delete ideas that don't fit ...
Revision literally means to "see again," to look at something from a fresh, critical perspective. It is an ongoing process of rethinking the paper: reconsidering your arguments, reviewing your evidence, refining your purpose, reorganizing your presentation, reviving stale prose. But I thought revision was just fixing the commas and spelling ...
Wait until you feel confident in your paper's focus and organization. Look at your transitions. Try making a paragraph using only your thesis and topic sentences. Does the paragraph make sense? If not, it may be a sign that your topic sentences are not yet logically guiding your reader through the paper. Go over your paper sentence by sentence.
Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text. Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes. Table of contents. Step 1: Look at the essay as a whole. Step 2: Dive into each paragraph. Step 3: Polish the language. Other interesting articles.
Create a research paper outline. Write a first draft of the research paper. Write the introduction. Write a compelling body of text. Write the conclusion. The second draft. The revision process. Research paper checklist. Free lecture slides.
Keep in mind that writing is a process from the pre-writing phase to drafting to revising your essay. In this final unit, we will review techniques for revising and improving your writing. In revising your paper, you will consider the use of diction, sentence-level issues (e.g., transitional phrases, grammar, tone, etc.), paragraph-level ...
The ratio of planned writing time to revision is usually along the lines of 70/30 or 80/20 depending on the type of writing assignment you have. For example, if you are assigned an 8-page research paper, then you are more than likely going to spend 70% of your timing writing and 30% of your time revising since you will have more writing that ...
Hitting pause before revising gives you a chance to conduct some extra research. While we recommend doing the bulk of your research before the outline, you'll find that actually writing the paper may reveal new questions or points of interest you hadn't considered before and that you might want to explore through additional research.
An effective research paper uses a style and tone that are appropriately academic and serious. When revising a research paper, check that the style and tone are consistent throughout. Editing a research paper involves checking for errors in grammar, mechanics, punctuation, usage, spelling, citations, and formatting.
Download this page as a PDF: Questions to Ask When Revising a Paper. Return to Writing Studio Handouts. Here are some questions to help you get started on revising a paper. Under each question are some suggested revision activities to assist you in this process.
Why Revise. To make the draft more accessible to the reader. To sharpen and clarify the focus and argument. To improve and further develop ideas. Revision VS. Editing. Revising a piece of your own writing is more than just fixing errors—that's editing. Revision happens before editing. Revising involves re-seeing your essay from the eyes of a ...
publishing a paper. Authors cannot make reviewers or editors smarter. This is yet another situation where we must strive to change the things we can and accept the things we cannot. In this editorial, I walk through the process that I have used to revise journal papers for two and a half decades. I start my revision process with three initial ...
An effective research paper uses a style and tone that are appropriately academic and serious. When revising a research paper, check that the style and tone are consistent throughout. Editing a research paper involves checking for errors in grammar, mechanics, punctuation, usage, spelling, citations, and formatting.
The Revision Process and the Final Draft. Feedback is diverse, which complicates the final revision process. Feedback can range from general, structural concerns to more detailed sentence-level concerns. It can also involve content, suggesting more content in one part of your paper and less in another. Though all feedback can be relevant and ...
Step 6: Revising and Editing Your Paper. In the final step of the research writing process, you will revise and polish your paper. You might reorganize your paper's structure or revise for unity and cohesion, ensuring that each element in your paper flows into the next logically and naturally.
Writing a Research Paper. This page lists some of the stages involved in writing a library-based research paper. Although this list suggests that there is a simple, linear process to writing such a paper, the actual process of writing a research paper is often a messy and recursive one, so please use this outline as a flexible guide.
Research papers are a cornerstone of academic growth, serving as a critical tool for students to delve deep into subject matters, enhance their analytical skills, and contribute to academic discourse. ... After revising the content, focus on grammar, punctuation, and style. Look for mistakes like misplaced commas, incorrect verb tenses, or ...
The Revision Checklist found below will help you focus on some key issues as you edit. There are two versions of the checklist below. The first is a printable PDF file, and the second is an interactive PDF file. In some browsers, you may need to download or save this file to be able to utilize all of its functionality.
The review process is divided into three steps: revise, edit and proofread. This Resource Page will help you understand the differences between revising, editing, and proofreading and apply these different techniques to your writing process. ... Often overlooked in the research paper writing process, the Conclusion is important in that it ...
New research suggests that this rejection can be due to people's lack of shared criteria or reference points when evaluating a potential innovation's value. In a new paper, the authors find ...
A new study from Seattle-based education research organization foundry10 found that 30% of students and teachers surveyed are using AI to help with the college essay and letters of recommendation ...
The research you do for your white paper will require that you identify a specific problem, seek popular culture sources to help define the problem, its history, its significance and impact for people affected by it. You will then delve into academic and grey literature to learn about the way scholars and others with professional expertise ...
Note: This Guideline applies to all operational and research data. Definitions. The definitions below are for use within the Guidelines for Data Classification. An affiliate is anyone associated with the university, including students, staff, faculty, emeritus faculty, and any sponsored guests. Most individuals affiliated with the university ...