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• Dissertation Binding and Printing | Options, Tips, & Comparison

Dissertation Binding and Printing | Options, Tips, & Comparison

Published on September 9, 2022 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on July 18, 2023.

Congratulations, you’ve finally finished your dissertation . It’s been professionally proofread and checked by a solid plagiarism checker .

The final step is printing your dissertation, which means choosing between:

• Types of binding
• Color vs. black & white

Single vs. double-sided

• Paper thickness

There are a few printing and binding services to choose from as well. This article presents a few options that can help you make the right decisions.

Printing service options

Table of contents

Types of dissertation binding, dissertation printing options, production and delivery times, last checks before printing, overview of printing and binding services, other interesting articles.

Binding keeps the pages of your dissertation together, and comes in a variety of price points. Spiral binding is cheaper, a hardcover book binding is much pricier.

The type of binding you choose can depend on:

• Guidelines from your university or department
• The version (draft vs. final)
• The type of work you’re submitting ( PhD vs. master’s thesis vs. undergraduate thesis )

Spiral binding (± $7)

• Professional appearance
• Opens flat, so browsing through the pages is easy
• Fairly inexpensive

Comb binding (± $5)

• Pages are easy to browse
• Binding can be opened and closed
• Can be cheap-looking

Fastback binding (± $8)

• Professional, book-like appearance
• Available in different colors
• Individual sheets can come loose with time

Paperback binding ($10–20)

This type of binding makes your dissertation more durable and professional. In most cases, it’s possible to add front and spine lettering.

• Durable and professional
• Book-like appearance
• Opening and browsing is less smooth than with spiral or comb binding

Hardback binding ($20–50)

• Customizable cover
• Quality comes at a price

Color vs. Black & White

Check your university’s guidelines to see if there is guidance about whether to print your dissertation in color or black & white. Note that printing in color is on average two to four times more expensive.

In general, a color-printed dissertation looks more professional, but it is often not required.

Printing double-sided is often cheaper than printing single-sided, due to the paper savings — it makes your dissertation half as thick. However, some universities require you to print your dissertation single-sided. Be sure to check the guidelines.

When printing your dissertation double-sided, pay attention to the following points:

• New chapters should start on the front side of the paper. You will need to take this into account and insert “blank pages” when preparing to print.
• Add a blank page after the title page so that the acknowledgments and abstract are not printed on the back of your title page.
• The page numbering is often placed in the bottom right on the right side of the page and bottom left on the left side. You can easily set this in Word by choosing “outside alignment”.
• Check your style guide to make sure there aren’t any rules for printing.

Paper weight

The thickness of the paper (measured in gsm or grams) is something most students don’t think about, but it does have a significant impact on the look and feel of your printed thesis or dissertation.

Standard printing paper has a weight of 75–90 gsm. For a bachelor’s or master’s dissertation, this is likely fine. If you want the paper to look and feel more professional and durable, a paper weight of 100–130 gsm is better. This is often used for PhD dissertations.

Number of copies

It is common to print three to five copies of your dissertation. Depending on your university’s guidelines, you might need to submit one to three copies to your supervisor and department. In addition, you might want to have a copy for yourself or your family.

The production time for printing and binding takes on average two days, and delivery takes at least another day. For an additional charge (ranging from +20 to +80%), the production and delivery time can be shortened.

Have a looming deadline? Your local print shop is likely able to print and bind your dissertation faster, and it eliminates delivery time. However, keep in mind that this is often a little more expensive.

Before sending your dissertation to a print shop, there are three things you should do:

• Save your file as a PDF By saving your file as a PDF, the formatting will be consistent on every computer. This way you prevent any unpleasant surprises, such as offset pages, when receiving your printed product.
• Check for language mistakes There’s nothing worse than finding a language mistake in your printed version. Make sure to proofread your dissertation or make use of a professional proofreading service .
• Update the contents page Before saving your dissertation as a PDF, don’t forget to update the table of contents and cross-check the page numbers listed there with the actual page numbers.

The table below provides an overview of two popular dissertation printing and binding shops, including information on delivery costs and review score.

*Prices are based on a spiral-bound dissertation of 40 pages , printed single-sided , in black , on 80-90gsm  paper, including a clear outer front and back cover .

**Prices are based on a hardback-bound dissertation of 200 pages , printed single-sided , in black , on 90-100gsm  paper.

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Thesis and Dissertation Binding

Click the image of your binding choice for quote or to order, fabric hard cover.

Fabric Hard Cover Binding with Gold Embossed Lettering and Gold Seal

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Printed Hard Cover Binding with full color design on wrap-around Hard Cover

Soft Cover, Perfect Binding

Softcover Perfect Binding with full color design on wrap-around Soft Cover

Gold Embossed School Seals

In addition to gold embossed lettering on the spine and cover of your book, you can add your College / University’s Seal or Emblem. Click here for a list of seals and emblems, or to request your school’s seal.

Quality Paper Selection

We offer archival-quality paper in 25% Cotton or 100% Cotton, as well as standard 20 lb & 60lb Bond paper. You will only pay color printing rates for your specified color pages. Lots of photos? Consider our 80lb Gloss paper. Your entire book will be printed in stunning full color at a low color printing rate. Click here to view a detailed list of available paper options.

Headbands & Archival Endsheets

Our Hard Cover books include top & bottom Headbands – chequered fabric that decorate and protect the edges of the spine of your book. Hard Cover books also use archival-quality Endsheets – the pages which attach your book’s body to its Hard Cover case, as well as heavy blank/fly pages on the front & back cover.

Mail-In your paper document for Binding Only

We can print your document from a PDF file (see sidebar), or you can mail your already printed document for Hard Cover Binding. Simply click your Hard Cover binding style above and follow the instructions. You will be prompted to print your order form. You’ll then pack it with your documents and ship us the package.

Check your Order Status

Shipping date is available on the day that you order. Tracking Number is available only if your order has shipped. For Printed Hardcover binding, shipping date will change based on the time you approve cover proof.

to Order or get a Quote:

That will take you to a page with the description of the binding style. For Fabric Hardcover binding, you can click on any swatch-rectangle to see a full-size book made with the fabric.

You can stop when you’re done, if a Quote is all you want

You now know the Exact Cost of your order with Shipping. You can stop here if Total Cost is all you want

If you’re Mailing a Paper Document, you will instead be prompted to print a form. Follow the instructions on the printed form for Shipping and Payment instructions

Yes, you will upload your file AFTER payment is made.

That’s it. Your order is now complete!

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– Bob

I received my theses last week and they look great! Cheers.

– Nic

Our first doctoral graduate has received her bound dissertation copies – our first with your company. They are excellent! Thank you for your quality product.

– Harold

Just got back three bound thesis volumes. Beautiful work. Thank you.

– Fred

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– Gianni

The thesis binding and the efforts of your company were excellent in all respects. I truly appreciate the promptness. Thank you for making my experience with your company and my finished project remarkable.

– Kimberly

I am completely satisfied with your service and speed. I would definitely recommend you to the grad students in my department. Thank you again for the wonderful job.

– Abdul

Thanks for taking such good care of my work. I will enjoy presenting them to my dissertation chair and the president of my organization next week.

– Barbara

I just received my dissertations in the mail. They’re perfect! They arrived quickly and in mint condition.

– Joe

I am thrilled with my thesis. You did an excellent job. Thank you. I have recommended you to some of my classmates.

– Tau

You put the finishing touches on a 30-month effort and exceeded my expectations…In terms of quality, speed, and overall "wow" factor. Thank you very much.

– David

I had my thesis bound with your company a few years ago and I have been recommending you to fellow grad students ever since. Thanks again!

– Alison

Everything has exceeded my expectation. Thank you so much for making my thesis so memorable.

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I would like for you to know that I was very pleased with the binding of my dissertation.

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– Pam

I cannot thank you enough for the excellent work you have done to print my Thesis

– Jay

I can’t say enough about the experience of working with your company. I look forward to doing business again in the future.

– Doreen

You’re the best in the businesss! Keep up the great work.

– Leeanne

Just a quick note to thank everyone who worked on putting my book together. It looks beautiful, I could not be happier.

– Elissa

Can definitely recommend the service! Good quality binding, 2-sided, color and at a very acceptable price.

– Scott

Thesis & Dissertation Binding Specialists USA

Thesis and dissertation, printing and binding specialists usa.

DB Bookbinders is the USA’s premier provider of thesis binding services.

With decades of experience in the industry, we specialize in crafting professional-grade thesis and dissertation bindings for universities and colleges across the United States of America.

Our expert binder team can create stunning and durable bindings that you can be proud to submit. Plus, our online thesis uploading platform is simple and straightforward, so you can get your order ready and shipped to you quickly.

We offer a wide range of binding styles to choose from, including buckram , vegan leather , and genuine leather , so you can find the perfect binding for your thesis or dissertation.

Don’t wait get started now and craft a binding that will make a lasting impression.

Thesis Order Form 2024

Buckram Thesis sh.1004

Buckram thesis sh.16.

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Bible Restoration & Repairs (Quotation)

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Excellent work and great service. Highly recommended!

Beautifully finished!

Amazing finished product. Great service along the way and very professional. Highly recommended!!

DB Bookbinders did a great job printing and binding my thesis. There was an issue with the ordering form's file upload but easily solved via email. Thank you!

With over 30 years of experience, we specialise in providing high-quality thesis and dissertation binding services for universities and colleges in the United States.

Our experienced team of binders can craft beautiful, professional-grade bindings for your thesis or dissertation.

With our easy online thesis uploading platform, you can place your order and have it shipped to you in no time. We also offer a range of binding styles, from buckram, vegan leather, to genuine leather, so you can choose the perfect binding for your thesis or dissertation.

Get started today and craft a binding that you will be proud to submit.

Thesis and Dissertation FAQ's Still have questions? We have answers!

There’s a lot to weigh up! We’ve put together a couple of handy guides to help you know what to look for when you’re getting your thesis, dissertation or design folio bound.

Thankfully, we’ve written a handy guide to knowing what to know before you go to a bookbinder. Have a read of ‘Five Things You Need to Know’ by clicking the button below.

Get your bound Thesis delivered to the following USA Universities

Dissertations presented professionally.

Compliment your work with the best presentation possible  

It can take years to develop your thesis or dissertation. Looking professional is essential for something this important.  

Bindery work is a craft and we are very critical of the quality of paper, coverings and other materials that contribute to an impressive finish. Our fine-tuned processes ensure construction integrity, precision with all cuts and edges and overall consistency. You can really tell the difference. 

We get the presentation of your thesis or dissertation to a level to impress. Nothing less is satisfactory to us.  

Go to our  dissertation binding form  to place your order. 

Servicing students and professionals from the largest universities in the United States!   

• Harvard University
• Stanford University
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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• Yale University
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• University of Michigan
• University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
• University of Chicago
• University of Virginia
• Johns Hopkins University
• Cornell University
• Duke University
• University of Texas at Austin 
• Northwestern University
• University of Washington
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• and many more!

We are experts in professional binding and would love to assist with your thesis or dissertation binding today.

DISSERTATION BINDING IN THE UNITED STATES

We enjoy hearing from our happy customers after they’ve received their delivery of bound theses and that ‘magic moment’ of excitement. It’s something to be proud of and we love being part of that.

DB Bookbinders proudly supports university students and academics right across the U.S. with their thesis and dissertation printing and binding needs.

We also provide various other book binding restoration services to a broad range of professional organisations across the United States including colleges, universities and government organisations.

Read more about  our services .

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Thesis binding and printing options

• By DiscoverPhDs
• November 29, 2020

If you have recently completed your dissertation congratulations are in order! But the work is not finished – you now have to get your dissertation in front of examiners in a professional format. There are a number of factors to consider when producing a physical copy of your thesis :

• Type of binding (for example: helical or softback)
• Paper size (are some pages better suited for A3?)
• Print options (single or double-sided?)
• Paper quality (a range of gsm options are available)

What is Thesis/Dissertation Binding?

Thesis binding involves fastening the physical pages of your dissertation together to produce a single presentable document. As simple as it sounds, there is a lot to get right, and dissertation binding is important in giving a good impression of your work.

What are the different types of dissertation binding?

Spiral/helical/wired binding.

Spiral binding (also known as helical binding) and wired binding are very common for bachelors and masters dissertations. These options give a professional look and allow pages to be rotated 360 degrees, making for easy reading. Spiral binding uses a plastic coil, whilst wire binding uses a metal wire.

Fastback/softback binding

Fastback binding (also referred to as softback binding) uses glue to keep your dissertation pages together. This is not a very common choice for dissertation binding as it is rather formal for bachelors and masters, and perhaps not formal enough for PhD theses. Fastback binding also comes with a risk of glue losing fixity over time leading to pages falling out.

Thermal binding

Thermal binding is not very common but can be used for bachelors or masters dissertations. This type of binding is permanent (so pages cannot be easily added/removed) but is generally inexpensive. Another disadvantage of thermal bindings is that pages cannot be opened 360 degrees (as with fastback binding).

Plastic comb binding

Comb binding involves punching holes down the side of the page and binding with a plastic comb strip. This binding option is also suitable for bachelors and masters dissertations. It is a cheap option but can sometimes become difficult to navigate as pages become stuck on the plastic combing. One advantage of plastic comb binding is that it is easy to add and remove pages.

Paperback binding

Paperback binding will give your manuscript the appearance of a book and comes with personalisation options i.e. a titled cover page, spine and back. This gives a very professional appearance, too formal for a bachelors or masters dissertation, but ideal for a PhD thesis.

Hardback binding

Hardback binding again gives a book like appearance, but is expensive and typically reserved only for PhD theses. In addition to custom titling, spine and back, there is a range of material and colour options for hardback binding e.g. the gold lettering you may have seen on academic books.

What Paper Size Should I use?

Most universities will provide very clear instruction on paper sizes, most often A4. However, some pages such as technical drawings or maps may be best shown on A3. In these cases ‘fold out’ pages are an option but must be approved by your university guidelines.

Print Options:

Check your university guidelines when deciding whether to print single or double sided. If printing double sided, be careful as some pages should not be printed back to back. For example, new chapters should start on the right hand page (of a double spread) so blank pages may be required.

What Paper Quality is Suitable?

Paper thickness is measured in grams per square metre (gsm). Although there is no ideal paper thickness, too thin and you risk your dissertation feeling low quality. Too high and you risk your dissertation pages feeling like cardboard, and again pointing to low quality.

Popular UK Services:

Ryman is an affordable thesis binding service, with a range of options for dissertations and theses. Ryman often have stored on University campuses or nearby, so you can check the services provided by your local store (as an alternative to ordering online).

Doxdirect is an online service which offers a large amount of customisation when choosing a thesis binding option. The door to door service also offers a wide range of delivery and production options so you get your bound thesis in your hand as quick as possible.

Thesis Online has been around for a long time (established in 1920), and have a very good reputation. They offer an online thesis binding service and have a hand online calculator which allows you to modify your binding, printing, and deliver options and see the impact on cost in real-time.

Things to Note:

Whichever service you use to bind your thesis or dissertation, there are a few important things to remember:

When using an online service check the turnaround time. Most services take around a week to print, bind, and deliver, though faster services are available at a cost. Some universities have an onsite printing service that students can use. These services likely offer binding options which satisfy your department’s dissertation submission requirements.

An electronic copy and physical copy of your dissertation will be read differently. Whilst consecutive pages are easy to compare on a computer screen, a physical copy may have pages printed on opposite sides of a single page (if double page printed) which makes side by side comparisons difficult. This is something to consider if your text frequently refers to images or tables overleaf.

Most thesis printing services only accept PDF file formats. Ensure that when you convert your dissertation to PDF that you review the document to ensure no errors occur during conversion.

Check your university dissertation guidance on margin requirements. It is also important to factor in margins when considering binding options. Typically a minimum margin of 2.5cm is required on the side of the page to be bound.

Although it comes with an additional cost, it may be useful to purchase personal copies of your bound thesis. You can then bring your bound copy to your Viva , and ensure that what you and your examiners are looking at are identical.

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The final steps of your thesis: Finding the right printing and binding services and choosing the right style for you

One of the best things is the feeling you get when you’ve finished writing your thesis. After months of research and writing, at long last, your paper, thesis, or dissertation is finally done. What’s left to do is the printing and binding of your thesis. But still, you need to find out the best printing and binding services and choose a style that makes you proud of the final result of your work. 

There are a few things to consider when choosing how to print and bind your thesis or dissertation: the quality of the paper, the material, and color of the binding. A few other details can be customized, such as the ribbons and corner protectors. To help you decide, we have selected a few options from our partner, BachelorPrint.

Our pick: Premium Leather book binding

• Page limit: 10 – 370 pages
• Color options: Red, green, blue, black
• Textured, leather-look surface
• Ribbon bookmark in white, silver, gold, blue or black
• Corner protectors in black, gold, and silver
• Customized embossing in gold, silver, and black

BachelorPrint  is your go-to expert when it comes to printing and binding your thesis. The online market leader offers a wide range of bindings and will transform your thesis into a work of art. 

The  ultimate : with their free express shipping they guarantee that your thesis will be in your hands within a few days!

Leather book binding: a thesis to look like a book

• Appearance: textured matte (premium bookbinding) or marbled leather-look with a slightly glossy finish (standard bookbinding)

You’ve made it! You’ve finished writing your thesis. Now all that’s left is printing and binding and knocking your examiner’s socks off! That’s why we recommend leather bookbinding . 

A leather book has the best quality for  printing and binding your thesis . Your thesis will look like a classy book. 

Choosing this type of binding will make your thesis stand out from the rest and leave a lasting impression on your examiner. Combine that with additional options such as customized embossing, corner protectors, and a ribbon bookmark, and after that process your thesis you’ll have a one-of-a-kind, sophisticated-looking book.

There are two options available with this leather book: Premium leather book and standard leather book. Whereas the premium leather book has a matte finish, a standard leather book has a glossy finish. However, both are done in leather-look and consist of a solid and sturdy cover. 

Which leather book you choose for your  thesis binding is a matter of personal preference.

Upgrade your binding

Deciding on a leather book when printing and binding your thesis gives you the option to upgrade it to your tastes and create a one-of-a-kind binding. Here are the upgrade options:

Corners protectors:

Adds a touch of class

Prevents the corners from binding

Available in silver, black & gold

Ribbon Bookmark:

Enhance your book’s appearance

Can be used as a bookmark (your examiner will be grateful!)

Available in white, black, blue, silver & gold

Customized embossing:

E.g.: University logo and title of your dissertation on the cover

Embossed spine optional

Available in black, silver & gold

You can use BachelorPrint preview tool see how your dream binding would look like:

Thermal binding: a clean and classic style

• Page limit: 2 – 450 pages
• Color options: black, red, green, yellow, blue, white, gray
• Appearance: transparent front cover, colored, leather-look back cover

Of all the different types of binding,  thermal binding  is a classic. One of the features is the transparent front cover: it shows off the title page of your dissertation as well as the title of your thesis. This means that attention is immediately drawn to the topic of your dissertation.

Softcover: A thesis for artists

• Page limit: 20 – 150 pages
• Color options: customizable to suit your needs
• Appearance: satin matte, smooth appearance; design and print your cover to your liking (magazine look)
• Cover: 300 g/m² premium paper

Looking to make an impact with your thesis? In that case, the softcover is just for you! You have free reign and can decide what you want your cover to look like: Logos, colors, photos, or different fonts – you’re the one who decides what goes on the cover of your softcover. That is why this type is ideal for more creative fields of study. 

Note: Designing a one-of-a-kind binding that looks super original is tempting, but remember to keep it aligned with your field of studies and professional looking.

Spiral binding: A sleek solution for your thesis

• Page limit: 1 – 300 pages
• Color options for cardboard back cover: black, red, green, gray, blue, yellow or white
• Appearance: Leather-look cardboard back cover, transparent front cover
• Spiral options: Metal or plastic

Of all the different types of binding, spiral binding is the sleekest and simplest type  BachelorPrint  has to offer. It has a transparent front cover. This allows the examiner to see the topic of your Master’s thesis or dissertation right away. However, spiral binding is better for printing shorter dissertations. 

Some professors will require that you use  spiral binding  for printing your thesis. If your post-secondary institution has no guidelines regarding printing and binding, then you should make sure that the “packaging” of your thesis matches the contents: If you are looking into printing and binding your Master’s thesis, we definitely recommend the leather book over spiral binding. 

Overview of thesis bindings

Tips from printing experts

It’s one thing to know what thesis binding to choose when printing your thesis. But there are lots of helpful and important tips that you should consider when it comes to printing. We sat down with BachelorPrint to put together some exclusive advice just for you:

Tip #1- Choosing the right paper:  Most printing services use 80 g/m² paper by default. However, 80 g/m² paper is relatively thin and as a result, the print on the reverse side will shine through if you are printing double-sided. 

Tip:  Remember that printing and binding your thesis is not something you do every day – be sure to use high-quality paper and select 100 g/m² paper – if printing double-sided, we actually recommend 120 g/m² paper. BachelorPrint automatically uses 100 g/m² paper.

Tip #2- Printing single-sided or double-sided:  It’s totally up to you whether you print your thesis single-sided or double-sided. Make sure you check the examiner’s guidelines first – if there are none, the choice is yours! 

Tip:  When printing double-sided, make sure your page numbers are formatted correctly. Uneven page numbers should always be on the right-hand page, and even page numbers should be on the left-hand page.

Tip #3- Printing in color:  It’s up to you whether you print in color or black and white. This depends on your thesis. If your dissertation has lots of charts and photos, color printing would look better. 

Tip:  Color printing gives your thesis a classier appearance. But take note! Too much color and your thesis will look less professional.

Tip #4- Number of copies:  You can assume that two members of the examination board will read your thesis. Furthermore, the person or organization you did your internship with might also like a copy of your thesis. Last but not least, you would probably also like to own a copy of your dissertation, Master’s thesis, or  research paper . 

Tip:  Find out beforehand, how many copies you’ll need. We generally recommend making 4 to 5 copies. Of course, the type of binding is up to you.

Tip #5- Cost:  The cost of printing and binding your thesis is based on various factors: Paperweight, color printing, and actual printing. Many service providers often add a surcharge when you opt for color printing or thicker paper.

Tip:  BachelorPrint printing expert automatically uses 100 g/m² paper, and does not even add a surcharge. The same applies for color printing: whether you choose black/white or color, BachelorPrint charges the same.

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Thesis & Dissertation Printing

Book1one will give your thesis or dissertation the professional look it deserves..

If you are looking for a world class company to print and bind your thesis or dissertation, you will find that Book1One will give your document the high quality attention it requires and deserves. Graduate students from all over the country have used our services, and we are listed at many colleges and universities as a reliable resource for hardcover and softcover thesis and dissertation book printing. 

We understand that theses and dissertations comprise a special category in the book publishing world. They represent the culmination of a large body of work and achievement at a very high academic level – and are recognized symbols of professional accomplishment.

Cloth and Faux Leather Color Choices:

NOTE: Colors may not display accurately due to differences in monitor settings

Why choose Book1One to print your thesis or dissertation?

• We offer a number of cover options.  At Book1One, you can select from three cover options for hardcover books: a full-color printed cover, a cloth cover with foil stamping, or a faux (imitation) leather cover with foil stamping. The cloth and faux leather book coverings come in four different colors: black, navy blue, dark red, and green. The color choices are shown in the right side on this webpage. Foil stamping, printed on the front cover and spine, can be either a gold or silver color. Softcover theses and dissertations come with a full color printed cover.
• We have no minimum quantity requirements.  In most instances, the number of printed copies needed for a thesis or dissertation are low. The size of thesis/dissertation orders we receive vary from a high of around ten to a low of one copy. We can print as many or as few copies of your thesis or dissertation at an affordable price and with the same amount of attention we give to larger book orders.

We can offer you a special service regarding foil stamping.

If your foil stamping involves basic text and numbers, such as book title, author’s name, school and date, Book1One can assemble your cover for you at no additional cost to use. If you wish us to provide this service to you, when you place your order, upload a PDF file indicating what you would like printed on your front cover and spine and approximate positioning. We will fit and center the type using the Time New Roman font. For more on foil stamping click  here .

Get an instant price quote without having to call or email!

Book1One is one of very few book manufacturers who has a website price calculator that will enable you to obtain an accurate price quote without having to place a phone call or submit an email. It’s fast, easy, and our customers love it!

Simply insert the specifications of your book project and, with one click, see what the price of your project will be.

Placing your order is as easy as 1-2-3!

If you have completed the design and layout of your thesis or dissertation and are ready to upload your print ready PDF file(s) to us and place your order, simply click on the red “Place Order” button located at the top of your screen. You will then be taken through the simple three step process of (1) creating your personal account, (2) uploading your cover and page files and (3) completing the checkout procedure.

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OUR GUARANTEE

Our guarantee to you is that we will give your project our utmost personal attention to ensure that, when finished, your books meet the highest quality production standards.

Remember, at Book1One:

• We work with easy-to-use PDF files, and our online ordering process is a snap.
• We have no minimum order requirements – even for hardcover books.
• We have no set up fees. Your only expense is the cost to print, bind & ship your books.
• Our turnaround times are fast – five business days for softcover and plastic coil bound; 10 business days for hardcover books. And rush production is available.
• You’ll receive personal “hands-on” service. We’ll answer your emails quickly, and if you call us, you’ll get a real person.

HEAR WHAT OUR CUSTOMERS HAVE TO STAY

I just received my book order of an early 1900's scrapbook replica you printed for me - and it is perfect! I can't wait to show it to my client and display it at a networking show next month. Many thanks for a great job.

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It has been a pleasure working with you on my photo book project. Many of my colleagues have complimented the book's photo colors and quality.

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You did a wonderful job with our book project. Everything was done exactly the way we had envisioned it.

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We received our books today, and they look fabulous! You do quite a professional job. We will certainly keep you in mind for any future projects.

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I am a designer who has ordered several low-volume books for my clients from Book1One over the last few years and have been extremely pleased with the quality as well as the customer service. I have created both hard cover and soft cover books, and the website has useful templates for formatting the book layout so everything comes together seamlessly. I also love the instant quote generator on the website, it helps to see how the different options impact the pricing without having to go back and forth with an estimator or sales rep. I will definitely keep using Book1One!

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Thesis Printing And Binding

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Let Reads handle your thesis , dissertation or essay printing and binding , and you'll save time and money, avoid printer queues and end up with a perfect document. You've done the hard work, now upload your finished paper.

We offer a variety of soft and hard binding options. All soft binding includes a clear cover and a backing card , which is available in white, black, blue, red and green. Thermal strips are available in black, white, blue, green and red; wires are available in black or silver and spirals are available in black. Hard binding service with gold or silver lettering is the best value in Dublin and can be completed on the same day and delivered nationwide in 1-5 days.

Need help setting up your PDF? Please have print ready PDF files or image files if needed in JPG / PNG or TIFF format.  PDF is best for print. This ensures the layout you send us is exactly what computer it's viewed on. Use one of our handy links to help convert your file to PDF.  Online Convert Tool  or download  PDFCreator software

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What is the safe area, what is the print size area, what is the bleed area, why is it necessary to outline a font.

We offer document printing in A5, A4, and A3 sizes, all printed on 100 gsm paper. A broader selection of sizes and paper weights is available for our Flyers and Brochures .

We provide a variety of finishing options, including binding, stapling, and hole punching. Our binding options include spiral binding, wire binding, thermal binding, and hard binding.

Please ensure your files are in print-ready PDF format. If necessary, you can also use image files in JPG, PNG, or TIFF format. PDF is preferred as it maintains the layout across different devices. You can use Online Convert Tool  or download  PDF Creator software to convert your files to PDF.

Our soft binding includes a clear cover and a backing card, available in white, black, blue, red, and green. Thermal strips come in black, white, blue, green, and red. Wires are available in black or silver, and spirals are available in black. Our hard binding service features gold or silver lettering and is known for being the best value in Dublin, with same-day completion and nationwide delivery within 1-5 days.

Each college and/or department may have specific presentation or formatting requirements. It is your responsibility to check and confirm these requirements prior to submitting your files for printing. To help with formatting you can download and use the two templates below. Remember to confirm the details with your college or department and to 'Save As' PDF before uploading your files.

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Dissertation / Thesis binding and Printing

A quick, easy and cost-effective way to have your thesis or dissertation professionally printed and bound., the 1 day option is only available monday to thursday, any 1 day orders placed on a friday will not be dispatched until monday, orders for the one day option must be placed by 10am for next day delivery..

Helix Binders are a major provider of dissertation / thesis print & bind for students throughout the UK.

With the ability to match all UK university specifications you can trust Helix Binders to produce your work in the highest quality.

Add impact to your Thesis or Dissertation with professional binding

First impressions count.

Everyone knows this little phrase and it applies completely to submitting your thesis too. You’ve poured man-hours into researching, writing and proofing your Thesis – the last thing you want is to make a poor impression by submitting a substandard printed document.

A well printed and bound document will reflect all the hard work that has gone into creating the content within it.

Experienced binders

We’ve been binding dissertations and thesis for many years and know a thing or two about it. From the feedback we’re received, a beautifully bound dissertation has much more impact. Your publication is in good hands.

You’ll want the overall finish to be perfect. Neatly trimmed, durable, and free of blemishes. We inspect each document before we ship it out, giving you peace of mind that it has been printed with care and attention to detail.

Up to spec thesis binding

Many universities have their own thesis binding specifications for submitted documents and we can bind to those requirements. This ensures that you not only comply but also make the best possible impression.

Using the latest digital printing technology, you can be sure that the print quality will be excellent and we don’t skimp on the paper either. Our standard weight is 100gsm, making sure the print is legible and the document is a pleasure to handle too.

Our thesis / dissertation binding service offers you a choice of covers and finishes, meaning it is customised to you.

We also offer a variety of extra options allowing you to add even more uniqueness to your document and make it stand out.

You have a variety of delivery options too, including Next-day delivery with a 1 hour window. You won’t have to hang around all day waiting for that important thesis to arrive. We know that there is no point in getting a thesis printed and bound to a professional standard, only to find that it has been damaged in the post. We take care in packing and delivering your thesis so that it arrives in the pristine condition you’d expect.

Cost Effective

Having choice means you have a say in the final cost. Our printing and binding processes are streamlined to ensure low waste and a fast turn-around – keeping costs to a minimum and giving you the best possible finish at a great price. We have a quick cost calculator to help you get an idea of the choice and the pricing before you even place an order.

Having survived the stress of compiling your thesis , you’ll want the submission process to be smooth and easy.

We have a wide range of applications and will process your files in most common formats. If you are unsure of what format to submit your document, please do not hesitate to contact us [email protected] .

What areas do we cover?

We have produced thesis binding to students from all over the country, here’s a quick look at just how much of the UK we cover:

It doesn’t matter which university you attend, or where you are in the UK – we can print it, bind it and ship it for you.

Graphic from studyin-uk.com

Comments: 5 (Add)

Hi. Ordered my wife's PhD Thesis to be bound, all 336 pages, last week. It's arrived! We are so pleased with the quality and service. Thank you. Stephen, Lynn and Mabel the dog. One happy house.

Thank you very much for the binding. I have received the thesis and it is very well done.

Kind regards, Kevin

I binded my dissertation in 2021, and I am totally satisfied with the result! It is beautifully binded and very proud of the book!

What fantastic service, and what a great finished product. Iain was brilliant in ironing out a few glitches (caused by me tbh). I can't praise him or the service provided highly enough. If you want your thesis bound professionally you've found the right place.

Just received my bound dissertation from Helix. I had to write this brief message to say thank you so much, it is absolutely stunning. The service, quality, and simplicity of the process is amazing. I cannot recommend your company enough, I will definitely be using you for future binding projects. Many thanks, Dave.

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• Dissertation binding and printing

Dissertation Binding and Printing Options | Comparison and Tips

Published on 3 April 2019 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on 10 July 2019.

Your dissertation is finally finished, you got it proofread and checked for plagiarism . The final step is printing your dissertation, which means choosing between:

• Types of binding
• Colour vs. black & white

Single vs. double sided

• Paper type and thickness

You also need to decide which printing and binding service to use. This independent article explains all options and helps you make the right decisions.

Overview of printing services

Table of contents

Types of dissertation binding, dissertation printing options, production and delivery times, last checks before printing, overview of printing and binding services.

Aside from keeping the pages of your dissertation together, the binding is also responsible for your supervisor’s first impression of your dissertation. There are various types of binding, ranging from the cheaper spiral binding to the more expensive hardcover book binding .

The type of binding should depend on:

• Guidelines from your university or professor
• Your dissertation’s version (draft vs. final)
• Type of dissertation (PhD vs. undergraduate dissertation)

Spiral binding (± £7)

• Professional appearance
• Browsing through the pages is easy (can be opened flat)
• Fairly cheap

Comb binding (± £5)

• Enables easy browsing of the pages
• Binding can be opened and closed (not easily)
• Has a cheap appearance

Fastback binding (± £8)

• Professional book-like appearance
• Available in different colours
• Risk of pages falling out after a while

Paperback binding (£10-20)

• Durable and professional
• Book-like appearance
• Opening and browsing is less smooth than with spiral or comb binding

Hardback binding (£20-40)

• Customizable cover
• Quality comes at a price

Colour vs. Black & White

Unless specifically stated in your university guidelines, it is up to you to decide whether to print your dissertation in colour or black & white. Printing in colour is on average two to four times more expensive.

In general, a colour-printed dissertation looks more professional, but it is not required. Does your dissertation contain graphs or figures that rely on colour? Be sure to print at least these pages in colour.

Printing double sided is often cheaper than printing single sided due to the paper savings – it makes your dissertation half as thick. However, some universities require you to print your dissertation single sided. Be sure to check the guidelines.

When printing your dissertation double sided, pay attention to the following points:

• New chapters should start on the right side. You will need to take this into account and insert “blank pages” when preparing your dissertation.
• Add a blank page after the title page so that the acknowledgements or abstract are not printed on the back of your title page.
• The page numbering is often placed bottom right on the right side of the page and bottom left on the left side. You can easily set this in Word by choosing “outside alignment”.

Paper weight

The thickness of the paper (measured in gsm or grams) is something most students don’t think about, but it does have a significant impact on the look and feel of your dissertation.

Standard printing paper has a weight of 75-90 gsm. For a bachelor’s or master’s dissertation this is fine. If you want the paper to look and feel more professional and durable, a paper weight of 100-130 gsm is better. This is often used for PhD dissertations.

Number of copies

It is common to print three to five copies of your dissertation. Depending on your university’s guidelines you might need to submit one to three copies to your supervisor. In addition, you might want to have a copy for yourself or your family.

The production (printing and binding) takes on average two days, and delivery takes another day. For an additional charge (ranging from +20 to +80%), the production and delivery time can be shortened.

Have a looming deadline? Your local printing shop is probably able to print and bind your dissertation faster, and it eliminates delivery time. However, keep in mind that this is often a little more expensive.

Before sending your dissertation to a printing shop, there are three things you should do:

1. Save your dissertation as a PDF By saving your file as a PDF, the formatting will be consistent on every computer. This way you prevent any unpleasant surprises such as offsets when receiving your printed dissertation.

2. Check for language mistakes There’s nothing worse than finding a language mistake in your printed version. Make sure to proofread your dissertation or make use of a professional dissertation proofreading service .

3. Update the contents page Before saving your dissertation as a PDF, update the (automatic) table of contents. Don’t forget to cross-check the page numbers listed in the table of contents with the actual page number.

The table below provides an overview of the most popular dissertation printing and binding shops, both online and offline. The shops are ordered by price, with information on delivery costs and review score.

*Prices are based on a spiral bound dissertation of 40 pages , printed single-sided , in black , on 80-90gsm  paper, including a clear outer front and back cover .

**Prices are based on a hardback bound dissertation of 200 pages , printed single-sided , in black , on 90-100gsm  paper.

Cite this Scribbr article

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Streefkerk, R. (2019, July 10). Dissertation Binding and Printing Options | Comparison and Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved 24 June 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/binding-printing/

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Professional Thesis & Report Binding

Are you looking for a professionally bound College Thesis, Leaving Cert Project, or Business Plan?

Thesis and Dissertation Printing & Binding

Our Print and Bind service is a full-service solution! We handle all aspects of printing and binding, transforming your work into a beautifully crafted final thesis, project, or business report. Select from a range of binding options: Hard Bound, Soft Bound, PVC Bound, or Wire/Spiral Bound.

For our printing, we utilize top-notch 120GSM white paper to ensure the highest quality results. Every page is printed on state-of-the-art tonal printers, guaranteeing impeccable quality regardless of the quantity you require.

To place an order, simply use our convenient Thesis Order Form to upload your PDF file for printing. Once we've received your PDF and your thesis is printed, you'll receive a text message specifying the collection time and total cost.

If you prefer, we offer an express delivery service for your convenience. We offer delivery nationwide, and international delivery options are also available; please get in touch with us for a quote.

Kennys Bindery has been binding thesis for universities in Ireland, Northern Ireland, and the UK since 1974.

How to avail of our Same-Day / Express Service

• Complete our Thesis Order Form and send your PDF file by 8am on the morning you require it.
• Hardbinding takes approx 5 hours *
• Same-day service is only available for Collection.
• If you wish to have your order delivered please allow 1-2 working days for delivery in Ireland.

* Terms and Conditions apply.  For titles with italics or bespoke finishes, binding may take longer.

Request Quotation

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Printing Services

Thesis Printing & Binding

Congratulations! The writing and research is finally finished. Now, it’s time to consult with University Printing Services to professionally print and bind your thesis.

We print on high-resolution digital devices to ensure clear grayscales, solid blacks, and sharp color.

Email a PDF file of your document or drop it off at one of the Digital Print Centers listed below:

We also invite non-University of Minnesota students to contact Printing Services for your printing and binding needs.

*It is extremely helpful when you can provide specifications for binding color, lettering color and spine/front cover layout. We want to make sure your submitted thesis will meet any requirements specific to your school or program.

Choose from 100% cotton rag content paper for durability and permanency or a high quality acid-free paper.

Binding Options:

Hard Cover Thesis Binding* $50.00**

Traditional thesis binding with a custom made hard cover using the Buckram fabric color of your choice. The spine is foil-stamped with your name, degree, and the year.

*Non-Thesis hardcover binding: $57.00 **Additional front cover printing: $9.00

Soft Cover Binding $7.00

Durable coverstock with a plain cloth spine. The title page is reproduced in black on the cover.

Turnaround time is 10 business days. No expedited delivery.

Free delivery to University of Minnesota — Twin Cities Departments We also ship off-campus at standard UPS rates

Where are we? Five convenient locations all across campus.

Main location.

Main Printing Services Facility

2818 Como Avenue

612-625-9500

Hours & Services

Campus Digital Print Center Locations

33 Social Science Tower

612-625-9047

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University of Minnesota Printing Services

2818 Como Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55414 P: 612-625-9500 | F: 612-626-9500 Contact Printing Services

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How Much Does it Cost to Get a Book Spiral Bound at Staples?

• September 29, 2022

If you’re looking for a cost-effective way to bind your documents, Staples offers spiral binding as a convenient and affordable option. You can have your book spiral bound right in the store, or take advantage of our online printing and binding services. 

In this blog post, we’ll answer some common questions about book spiral binding at Staples, including how much it costs and what kind of documents can be bound. We’ll also provide tips on how to choose the right binding type for your needs. So whether you’re looking to bind a dissertation or just want to spruce up your school reports, read on for all you need to know about spiral binding from Staples!

What is Spiral Binding? 

Spiral binding, also known as coil binding, is a type of bookbinding that uses a spiraled wire or plastic coil to bind together pages. This type of binding is often used for documents that need to be opened flat, such as manuals, books, and reports. 

One advantage of spiral binding is that it allows documents to lie flat when open, making them easier to read and write in. Spiral binding is also a good option if you need to add or remove pages from your document, as the coils can be easily inserted or removed.

How Much Does it Cost to Get a Book Spiral Bound at Staples? 

The cost of spiral binding will depend on the number of pages in your document and the type of binding you choose. At Staples, we offer a variety of options for spiral binding, including plastic and wire coils. 

Prices start at $0.59 per foot for plastic coils and $0.79 per foot for wire coils. For a standard letter-size document with 20 pages, the cost of spiral binding would be around $11.80 for plastic coils and $15.60 for wire coils.

What Kind of Documents Can Be Spiral Bound? 

Almost any type of document can be spiral bound, from school reports to dissertations. However, there are a few things to keep in mind when choosing spiral binding for your document. 

First, spiral binding works best for documents that are between 40 and 400 pages. If your document is longer than 400 pages, you may want to consider a different type of binding, such as perfect binding or case binding. 

Second, spiral binding is not recommended for documents that will be mailed, as the coils can be damaged in transit. 

Finally, keep in mind that spiral binding can add bulk to your document, so if you’re looking for a sleek and professional look, another type of binding may be a better option.

How to Choose the Right Binding Type 

When deciding which type of binding is right for your document, there are a few things to consider. 

You need to think about how many pages you need to bind. If your document is less than 40 pages, you may be able to get away with stapling or binding with tape. For documents between 40 and 400 pages, spiral binding is a good option. If your document is longer than 400 pages, you’ll likely want to choose perfect binding or case binding. 

Also, think about how you’ll be using your document. If you need to be able to add or remove pages, spiral binding is a good choice. However, if your document will be mailed or needs to lie flat when open, another type of binding may be a better option. 

Furthermore, consider the look you’re going for. Spiral binding is a great choice if you need a durable and affordable binding option. However, if you’re looking for a sleek and professional look, another type of binding, such as perfect binding or case binding, may be a better option.

Is spiral bound better than paperback?

The type of binding you choose will depend on your needs. If you need a durable and affordable binding option, spiral binding is a great choice. 

However, if you’re looking for a sleek and professional look, another type of binding, such as perfect binding or case binding, may be a better option. 

Paperback books are less expensive to produce, but they are not as durable as hardcover books. Hardcover books are more expensive to produce, but they will last longer. 

Can you spiral bind hardcover books?

No, spiral binding is not recommended for hardcover books. Hardcover books are more expensive to produce, but they will last longer. 

If you need a durable and affordable binding option, spiral binding is a great choice. However, if you’re looking for a sleek and professional look, another type of binding, such as perfect binding or case binding [ 1 ], may be a better option. 

Does Staples do perfect binding?

Yes, Staples offers perfect binding for documents up to 400 pages. Perfect binding is a good choice for documents that are longer than 400 pages. It’s also a good choice if you’re looking for a sleek and professional look. 

How much does it cost to print and bind?

The cost of printing and binding will depend on the number of pages in your document, the type of binding you choose, and the number of copies you need. 

Where can you spiral bind papers?

You can spiral bind papers at most print shops, including Staples. 

How much does it cost to unbind a book?

The cost of unbinding a book will depend on the type of binding and the number of pages in the book. 

What kind of binding do I need for a dissertation?

For a dissertation, you’ll likely want to choose perfect binding or case binding. Perfect binding is a good choice for documents that are longer than 400 pages. It’s also a good choice if you’re looking for a sleek and professional look. Case binding is a good choice for documents that will be mailed or need to lie flat when open. 

How many pages can you spiral bind?

You can spiral bind documents up to 400 pages. 

There are a few things to consider when deciding which type of binding is right for your document. First, think about how many pages you need to bind. For documents between 40 and 400 pages, spiral binding is the best. We already helped you answer the question for the cost of spiral binding at Staples.

Noah Miller

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How do you like this article cancel reply. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. How much will the printing and binding of my thesis cost? We’ll answer this question with a comprehensive overview of printing costs and examples of typical prices. Here we present the printing and binding costs for all common theses, like Bachelor’s thesis and Master’s thesis or dissertation, with various types of binding. We’ll also cover the printing and binding costs for shorter academic works, such as papers, assignments, and essays. Also searched: Bachelor’s thesis binding in 24 hours online Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leather Binding With Embossing (Bachelor Thesis) 2 Thermal Binding (Bachelor Thesis) 3 Leather Binding With Embossing (Master’s Thesis) 4 Thermal Binding (Master’s Thesis) 5 Leather Binding With Embossing (PhD Thesis) 6 Thermal Binding (PhD Thesis) 7 Leather Binding With Embossing (Dissertation) 8 Thermal Binding (Dissertation) 9 Thermal Binding (Research Paper) 10 Spiral Binding (Research Paper) 11 Book Binding With Embossing Leather Binding With Embossing (Bachelor Thesis) All information on leather binding Number of printed pages: 80 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 40,00 $ Binding: premium leather binding 29,90 $ Embossing: Front cover & spine 34,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 94,80 $ Thermal Binding (Bachelor Thesis) All information on thermal binding Number of printed pages: 80 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 14,90 $ Binding: thermal binding 40,00 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 54,90 $ Leather Binding With Embossing (Master’s Thesis) All Information on leather binding Number of printed pages: 100 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 50,00 $ Binding: leather binding 24,90 $ Embossing: Front cover & spine 34,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 104.80 $ Thermal Binding (Master’s Thesis) Number of printed pages: 100 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 50,00 $ Binding: thermal binding 14,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 64,90 $ (EU wide) Leather Binding With Embossing (PhD Thesis) Number of printed pages: 200 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 100,00 $ Binding: leather binding 24,90 $ Embossing: Front cover & spine 34,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 154,80 $ (EU wide) Thermal Binding (PhD Thesis) Number of printed pages: 200 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 100,00$ Binding: thermal binding 14,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 114,90 $ (EU wide) Leather Binding With Embossing (Dissertation) Thermal Binding (Dissertation) Number of printed pages: 200 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 100,00 $ Binding: thermal binding 14,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 114,90 $ (EU wide) Thermal Binding (Research Paper) Number of printed pages: 30 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 15,00 $ Binding: thermal binding 14,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 29,90 $ (EU wide) Spiral Binding (Research Paper) All information on spiral binding Number of printed pages: 30 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 15,00 $ Binding: sprial binding 7,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 22,90 $ (EU wide) Book Binding With Embossing Number of printed pages: 70 pages (BachelorPrint prints everything in colour) 35,00 $ Binding: leather binding 24,90 $ Embossing: Front cover & spine 34,90 $ Express production surcharge Price per copy incl. express delivery 69,80 $ (EU wide) Author’s tip To save money, many students take the opportunity and use a combination of types of binding for their Bachelor’s or Master’s thesis. The copies intended for submission are therefore bound with high quality leather binding . For copies for themselves or to be given away, the lower cost options of thermal binding or spiral binding are often used. As a rule of thumb, the prices for printing and binding of extensive theses with leather binding range between 100,00 $ – 200,00 $, and for shorter academic works bound with thermal binding or spiral binding , between 20,00 $ – 70,00 $. How much does it cost to have a bachelor's thesis printed and bound? The two major factors to consider when deciding to print and bind your thesis are: the price and the turnaround time (keep an eye on your due dates). The price usually depends on your personal configuration. This includes; which binding you choose, how many pieces you order, which paper for printing you choose and whether you want extensions to your binding such as book corners or a ribbon. How much does it cost to have a paper printed and bound? The price for printing and binding a paper is dependent on a few factors. These include: how many pages you want to be printed and bound, your personal configuration (e.g which type of binding you choose), how many pieces you order or whether you want extensions to your binding such as book corners or a ribbon. Where can I order the printing and binding of my thesis? For the printing and binding of your thesis, you can choose between a usual copy shop or an online print shop. Advantages of an online printing service, like ours, are: ability to easily order from wherever you are, a quick turnaround and print time , delivery to your address, configuration of your binding with our 3D live preview and look inside function. How long does the printing and binding of a thesis take? The duration it takes to print and bind a thesis depends on where and how you make the order. You can either go to a copy shop or simply make an order online, through an online print shop like BachelorPrint. The advantages of an online print shop are that you don’t have to wait around in a shop, you can do everything from the comfort of your home and the printing production time is short. Based on when you make your order, for example at 9am, we can print, bind and deliver your work within 24 hours (depending on your location)! How can I save on printing and binding my thesis? There are a few ways to save money on your printing and binding needs. Firstly, you’re able to pick and choose which bindings you’d like for each copy of your thesis. You can hand one in with premium leather binding, but keep a copy for yourself with the thermal binding, that’s no problem! You want to save extra money? cheque out our page for free printing tips! I’m so happy with how my dissertation turned out! The order process was very... We use cookies on our website. Some of them are essential, while others help us to improve this website and your experience. 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Services Provided Our staff will advise you on cost-effective and high-quality production methods to produce professionally printed materials in tune with brand guidelines. Examples of printing products include: Newsletters Business Cards Variable Printing Invitations To request an estimate for your print job, contact [email protected] or 208-885-6293 to discuss your project. Brand Resource Center Templates and Downloads Editorial Style Guide Visual Style Guide All Articles Books & Reviews Anthologies Audio Content Author Directory This Day in History War in Ukraine Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Artificial Intelligence Climate Change Biden Administration Geopolitics Benjamin Netanyahu Vladimir Putin Volodymyr Zelensky Nationalism Authoritarianism Propaganda & Disinformation West Africa North Korea Middle East United States View All Regions Article Types Capsule Reviews Review Essays Ask the Experts Reading Lists Newsletters Customer Service Frequently Asked Questions Subscriber Resources Group Subscriptions Gift a Subscription Xi Jinping’s Russian Lessons What the chinese leader’s father taught him about dealing with moscow, by joseph torigian. On February 4, 2022, just before invading Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin traveled to Beijing, where he and Chinese leader Xi Jinping signed a document that hailed a “no limits” partnership. In the two-plus years since, China has refused to condemn the invasion and helped Russia acquire materiel, from machine tools to engines to drones, crucial for the war effort. The flourishing partnership between Xi and Putin has raised serious questions in Western capitals. Is the alliance that linked Moscow and Beijing in the early Cold War back? The Russians and the Chinese have repeatedly dismissed such talk, but they have also asserted that their current partnership is more resilient than the days when they led the communist world together. Xi would know. His father, Xi Zhongxun, was a high-level Chinese Communist Party (CCP) official whose own career was a microcosm of relations between Beijing and Moscow during the twentieth century, from the early days of the revolution in the 1920s and 1930s to the on-and-off help during the 1940s and the wholesale copying of the Soviet model in the 1950s, and from the open split of the 1960s and 1970s to the rapprochement in the late 1980s. The elder Xi’s dealings with Moscow showed the dangers of intimacy and enmity, how growing too close created unmanageable tensions that produced a costly feud. Understanding that history, the younger Xi by all appearances believes that the current relationship between Moscow and Beijing is indeed stronger than it was in the 1950s, and that he can avoid the strains that led to the earlier split. During the Cold War , communist ideology ultimately pushed the two countries apart, while now they are united by a more general set of conservative, anti-Western, and statist attitudes. In the old days, poor relations between individual leaders damaged the relationship, while today, Xi and Putin have made their personal connection a feature of the strategic partnership. Then, the exigencies of the Cold War alliance, which required each side to sacrifice its own interests for the other’s, contained the seeds of its own demise, whereas the current axis of convenience allows more flexibility. China and Russia will never again march in lockstep as they did in the first years after the Chinese Revolution, but they won’t walk away from each other any time soon. DANGEROUS LIAISONS Xi Jinping was born in 1953, at the height of China’s feverish copying of the Soviet Union. The most popular slogan in China that year: “The Soviet Union of today is the China of tomorrow.” Xi Zhongxun had just moved to Beijing from China’s northwest, where he had spent most of the first four decades of his life fighting in a revolution inspired by the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Like so many of his generation, Xi was devoted to the cause despite numerous setbacks and personal sacrifices—a devotion that survived his persecution and incarceration by fellow members of the CCP in 1935 for not adhering closely enough to communist orthodoxy. The Bolshevik victory influenced early Chinese radicals, and Moscow led and bankrolled the CCP in its early years. But the growing independence of the Chinese Communists went hand in hand with the rise of Mao Zedong —and tied Xi Zhongxun’s fate to Mao’s. In Mao’s narrative, Soviet-trained radicals had almost buried the revolution in China because they had failed to understand the country’s special conditions. These dogmatists, Mao claimed, had persecuted Xi in 1935 just as they had mistreated Mao himself earlier that decade, when Mao was sidelined by Soviet-aligned leaders in the CCP. Xi and Putin have made their personal connection a feature of the strategic partnership. Nonetheless, Mao was not advocating a break from Moscow. Xi Zhongxun met very few foreigners for most of his early life, but that changed in the late 1940s, as the Communists swept across China during the country’s civil war. He started having sustained interactions with Soviets as the head of the enormous Northwest Bureau, the party organization that oversaw the Xinjiang region. The Soviet Union helped the CCP project military power there, and in December 1949, after the Communists had won the war and consolidated control over mainland China, Xi successfully proposed to the party’s leaders that Xinjiang and the Soviet Union cooperate to develop resources in the province. A year later, Xi became head of the Northwest Chinese-Soviet Friendship Association. Right around the time of Xi Jinping’s birth, the CCP undertook its first great purge—an incident closely linked to both the Soviet Union and the Xi family. Gao Gang, a high-level official who was seen as a potential successor to Mao, went too far in his criticisms of other leaders during private conversations. Mao turned on his protégé, and Gao eventually committed suicide. Gao had close ties to Moscow, and although they were not the reason for his purge at the time, Mao came to worry about such connections and concluded that they amounted to treachery. The danger of close relations with a foreign power, even an ally, could not have been lost on Xi Zhongxun, who had served alongside Gao in the northwest and had been persecuted along with him in 1935. Xi nearly fell along with him. Although Xi Zhongxun’s career was hurt by Gao’s misfortune, he was later put in charge of managing the tens of thousands of Soviet experts sent to help China rebuild after years of war. That was no easy task. As Xi recounted in a 1956 speech, these experts had a hard time acclimating to China, and some of them had “died, been poisoned, been injured, gotten sick, and robbed”—even suicide was a problem. When Mao decided that same year that the Chinese political structure was too “Soviet” and concentrated too much authority in Beijing, Xi was also tasked by the leadership to devise a government-restructuring plan. SPLITTING UP In August and September 1959, Xi, then a powerful vice premier, led a delegation to the Soviet Union. The timing was inopportune. In June, the Soviets had reneged on a promise to support China’s nuclear weapons program. Xi was supposed to visit the Soviet Union earlier in the summer of that year, but a CCP plenum in Lushan—where Minister of Defense Peng Dehuai was purged—shattered those plans. Peng had written a letter to Mao criticizing the Great Leap Forward, and Mao not only interpreted Peng’s act as a personal affront but also suspected, incorrectly, that Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had put him up to it. Peng and Xi were linked by career ties forged on the battlefield for northwest China. The CCP’s second great purge, just like the first, was both proximate to the Xi family and tied to Mao’s suspicions of Soviet intentions. And once again, Xi only narrowly survived. Since 1956, Sino-Soviet tensions had been growing gradually behind the scenes, but they broke out publicly during Xi’s trip. On August 25, the same day the Soviet embassy in Beijing invited Xi on his visit, Chinese soldiers killed one Indian soldier and wounded another on the Chinese-Indian border. Although the Chinese concluded that the deaths were accidental, the Soviets were incensed, because they believed that the violence would push the Indians away from the communist bloc and frustrate Khrushchev’s attempts to achieve détente with the West during an upcoming trip to Washington. Arriving in Moscow two days after the violence on the border, Xi did his best to affirm the alliance. In a private meeting with a Soviet vice premier, he tried to put a positive spin on Mao’s Great Leap Forward, then one year in. He visited the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy, a showcase for Soviet technological triumphs, and placed a wreath at the mausoleum of the Soviet Union’s first two leaders, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. After spending a few days in Soviet Ukraine and Czechoslovakia, Xi returned to Moscow, where his delegation toured Lenin’s old office and apartment in the Grand Kremlin Palace. He apparently told his son about the moment: in 2010, when Xi Jinping visited Moscow as vice president, he asked Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to take him to the same room. According to a well-connected Russia expert, Xi lingered there, telling Medvedev that this was the cradle of Bolshevism. His father, Xi claimed, had said that Russia and China should always be friends. Yet in 1959, Xi Zhongxun was in the middle of a crisis in the relationship. On September 9, back in Beijing, Soviet diplomats informed the Chinese about plans to publish a statement in TASS, the state-owned news agency, that took a neutral position on the Chinese-Indian border skirmish. The Chinese were furious and asked the Soviets to change or delay the bulletin. The Soviets not only refused their request but published the statement that evening. Xi left for Beijing the very next day—even though he was supposed to continue leading the delegation until September 18. When Mao and Khrushchev met the following month, Mao complained about the incident, saying, “The TASS announcement made all imperialists happy.” The dispute was merely the first public crack in the alliance. In the summer of 1960, Khrushchev removed all Soviet experts from China, and Xi was placed in charge of managing their departure. The lesson his son drew from the episode was that the Chinese needed to rely on themselves. At a November 2022 meeting in Bali, according to a former senior U.S. diplomat, Xi Jinping told U.S. President Joe Biden that American technological restrictions would fail, pointing out that the Soviets’ cessation of technological cooperation had not prevented China from developing its own nuclear weapons. HOT AND COLD In 1962, Xi Zhongxun’s luck ran out, and he was expelled from power in the CCP’s third great purge. Just like Gao and Peng, he was accused of spying for the Soviet Union, although that was not the primary reason for his punishment. Mao had decided that China, like the Soviet Union before it, was losing its fixation on class struggle, and Xi was caught up in destruction that Mao wrought in reaction. In 1965, while Mao was planning a costly reorganization of Chinese society to fight a possible war against the Soviet Union or the United States, Xi was exiled from Beijing to a mining machinery factory hundreds of miles away in the city of Luoyang. Ironically, that factory had been completed with the help of Soviet experts and had even been described in a local newspaper as a “crystallization” of the “glorious Sino-Soviet friendship.” All told, Xi Zhongxun spent 16 years in the political wilderness. He had to wait until 1978, two years after Mao’s death, to be rehabilitated. As party boss of the province of Guangdong, Xi warned Americans that they needed to be strong to ward off Soviet aggression. On a trip to the United States in 1980, he impressed his U.S. counterparts with his anti-Soviet views and even made a trip to the headquarters of the North American Air Defense Command, or NORAD, in Colorado, where he took copious notes. As the Politburo member charged with managing relations with foreign parties that were revolutionary, leftist, or communist in nature, Xi helped lead Beijing’s competition for influence with Moscow throughout the world. He also managed Tibetan affairs, and in the first half of the 1980s, he worried about Soviet influence over the Dalai Lama. But by 1986, as ties thawed, Xi was praising the reforms of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and expressing hope for improved relations. What did Xi Jinping make of this history? In 2013, on his first overseas trip after becoming top leader, he went to Russia, where he spoke warmly to a group of Sinologists about his father’s 1959 visit. The pictures from that journey had been destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, he said, but his mother kept the gifts from it. Xi explained that although many observers believed that his generation was oriented toward the West, he was raised reading two literatures, Chinese and Russian. After Xi was exiled to the countryside as a “sent-down youth” during the Cultural Revolution, he spent his days reading Russian revolutionary novels, with a favorite being What Is to Be Done? by Nikolay Chernyshevsky. Xi later claimed to like the character Rakhmetov, the revolutionary fanatic who slept on nails to forge his will. Claiming inspiration, Xi said he wandered through rainstorms and blizzards during his time in the countryside. But in his 2013 talk with the Russian Sinologists, he did not mention the dismal state of Sino-Soviet relations at the time of his Russian reading. In 1969, the year he was sent to the countryside, China and the Soviet Union were fighting an undeclared border war, and there were even fears of a Soviet nuclear attack. Nor did he tell them about his first job after graduating university, working as a secretary to Geng Biao, secretary-general of the Central Military Commission. Geng viewed Moscow warily. In 1980, at a meeting in Beijing, U.S. Secretary of Defense Harold Brown told Geng that when it came to the two sides’ views on the Soviet Union, “it seems to me, our respective staffs must have written our talking papers together.” THE IDEOLOGICAL IRRITANT Given the state of relations among Russia , China, and the United States today, it is hard to imagine that Xi Jinping spent part of his teenage years digging an air-raid shelter in preparation for a possible Soviet attack—or for that matter, that his father had been invited to see NORAD. The fluidity of the Washington-Beijing-Moscow triangle over the last 75 years has led some to hope that Xi might somehow be convinced to rein in his support for Russia. But those wishing for a redux of the Sino-Soviet split are likely to be disappointed. For one thing, the irritant of ideology is now mostly absent from the relationship. It is true that a common communist ideology served as an extraordinary glue for China and Russia in the years immediately after 1949. But as time went on, ideology actually made it harder for the two countries to manage their differences. Mao had a habit of interpreting tactical differences as deeper ideological disputes. The Soviets, Mao increasingly came to believe, did not support China’s combative position toward the West because they had gone “revisionist.” And among communists, charges of theoretical heresy were explosive. When Mao and Khrushchev fought over the TASS announcement in October 1959, it was Chinese Foreign Minister Chen Yi’s claim that the Soviets were “time-servers” that especially enraged Khrushchev, as it questioned his communist credentials by painting him as a traitor to the revolutionary enterprise. There is a lot of truth, then, to the historian Lorenz Luthi’s claim that “without the vital role of ideology, neither would the alliance have been established nor would it have collapsed.” Chinese and Russian elites consider democracy promotion an existential threat. Moreover, once ideological differences entered the equation, it became hard to talk about anything else, in part because debates over ideology could imply calls for regime change. In 1971, after a relatively productive conversation with two Soviet diplomats, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai exploded when one of them raised the issue of a People’s Daily article that they believed called for the Soviet people to start a revolution. Zhou noted that the Soviet Union was hosting Wang Ming, an early CCP leader who had clashed with Mao and been effectively exiled. “You think that we fear him,” Zhou said. “He is worse than shit!” When one Soviet diplomat asked a Chinese participant to stop yelling, saying “a shout is not an argument,” the Chinese diplomat fired back: “If not for shouting, you will not listen.” Today’s Russia, however, is distant from the ideals of communism, to put it mildly. Although Putin once called the collapse of the Soviet Union a “geopolitical catastrophe,” he has often revealed rather negative views of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In his speech on the eve of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, he blamed Lenin for creating modern Ukraine and spoke of Stalin’s “dictatorship” and “totalitarian regime.” Xi Jinping, on the other hand, continues to take communism’s legacy seriously. According to an Australian diplomat, Russian diplomats found it odd when, on one occasion, Xi quoted to them the Russian revolutionary novel How the Steel Was Tempered . Although not a dogmatist, Xi cares deeply about ideology and has even blamed the collapse of the Soviet Union in part on Moscow’s failure to ensure that people took Marxism-Leninism seriously. Despite these important differences, Chinese and Russian elites do share a conservative, statist worldview. They both see attacks on their history as Western plots to delegitimize their regimes and consider democracy promotion an existential threat. They both appreciate traditional values as a bulwark against instability and think the West is tearing itself apart with cultural debates. They both have concluded that authoritarian regimes are better at dealing with modern challenges. They both want their countries to regain a lost status and lost territory. Putin and Xi even spin the same legitimation narrative, claiming their predecessors allowed an intolerable (and Western-influenced) degradation of authority that only their strongman rule could arrest. Another factor binding Moscow and Beijing today are the warm relations between Putin and Xi. Chinese and Russian media tout a strong personal relationship between the two leaders, although it is hard to say how genuine the supposed friendship is. Putin was trained as a KGB agent, an experience that taught him how to manage people, and Xi would have learned similar tricks from his father, a master of the party’s “united front” efforts to win over skeptics. Putin and Xi are very different people. Putin once broke his arm fighting toughs on the Leningrad subway. Xi has consistently demonstrated extraordinary self-control, as evidenced by his ability to rise to power without anyone knowing what he really thought. Putin enjoys high living, while Xi’s personal style seems to border on ascetic. But at the very least, a functional relationship between Russian and Chinese leaders is something of a historical anomaly. For Mao, Stalin’s ideological credentials and contributions to Soviet history made him a titan of the communist world. Yet Stalin’s cautious attitude toward the Chinese Revolution in the second half of the 1940s rankled him. So did Stalin’s high-handedness during the negotiations for the alliance treaty between the two countries in 1949 and 1950. After Stalin’s death, Mao felt his own stature far outweighed Khrushchev’s, and the chairman famously treated his Soviet counterpart with disdain. Mao was impressed by the toughness his protégé Deng Xiaoping displayed during interminable debates over ideology in Moscow in the 1960s, when Deng was Beijing’s most prominent attack dog on the world stage. After Mao’s death, Deng noted that countries close to the Soviet Union had dysfunctional economies, while U.S. allies thrived. By the time Deng became China’s paramount leader, many of his associates hoped for a better relationship with Moscow, but Deng ignored those voices. He and Gorbachev met only once—during the Tiananmen Square protests—and Deng concluded that the Soviet leader was “an idiot.” After the Soviet Union collapsed and Boris Yeltsin became president of Russia, the Chinese were at first skeptical of him, given his role in helping bring about the demise of communism, but relations among top leaders gradually improved. Deng’s successor, Jiang Zemin, had studied in the Soviet Union and could sing old Sino-Soviet friendship songs. Warm interpersonal relations are not the main reason Russia and China are so close today, but the past certainly shows how much individual leaders can matter when they have disdain for their counterparts and the countries they lead. And despite their differences, it is not hard to guess why Putin and Xi might get along on a personal level. They are almost the same age, and they are both sons of men who sacrificed for their countries. And perhaps most important, they both had formative experiences about the dangers of political instability. During the Cultural Revolution, Xi and his family were kidnapped and beaten by Mao’s Red Guards, and in 1989, Putin, then a KGB officer stationed in Dresden, watched as East Germany collapsed around him while he could not get guidance from Moscow. The two have much to talk about when they make blini and dumplings together for the television cameras. Greater flexibility in the partnership between Beijing and Moscow today also makes it hardier than it was in the past. Since 1949, the central strategic challenge has been how the two powers, which together make up Eurasia’s authoritarian heartland, can cooperate effectively against the threat of the U.S.-led democratic periphery. Despite the extraordinary strength of Washington’s position in their neighborhoods, Beijing and Moscow have struggled to get this coordination right. Time and time again, they have proved unwilling to sacrifice their interests for each other, driven in part by a suspicion that the other is selling them out and seeking improved relations with the West. Before the Sino-Soviet split, the alliance between Moscow and Beijing created real problems for the United States and real benefits for the two powers. A calm border between the two countries allowed them to focus on confronting the West and to share military technology. In 1958, when China attacked Taiwan in an attempt to take control of the island, Khrushchev came to Beijing’s aid by publicly warning that he would intervene to protect China if the United States entered the conflict—even though he resented that Beijing had failed to tell him about its plans ahead of time. Yet the heartland’s relationship with the periphery has always been a mix of coexistence and competition, and Moscow and Beijing have rarely given equal weight to those dueling objectives. During the 1950s and 1960s, China was essentially shut out of the international system while the Soviet Union was largely a status quo power. Mao’s cavalier language threatening nuclear war, along with his use of force on the Chinese-Indian border and against the offshore islands in the Taiwan Strait, raised fears in the Kremlin that China would drag the Soviet Union into war. Moscow supported the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, declined to help China during various crises, and hoped for détente with the West—moves that led leaders in Beijing to conclude that Moscow cared more about the West than it did about the communist bloc. Now, China and Russia have switched positions. Beijing hopes to benefit economically and technologically from continued ties with the United States and Europe, while Moscow sees itself in a purely competitive relationship. The Russians undoubtedly wish that Beijing would provide lethal aid in Ukraine and agree to the Power of Siberia 2, a proposed pipeline that would send natural gas to northeastern China. Unlike during the heyday of the Sino-Soviet alliance, however, Beijing is not technically beholden to sacrifice its economic or reputational interests for Moscow because the two are not formal allies. The Russians have less reason to feel betrayed—and the Chinese have less reason to fear entrapment. HISTORY LESSONS As the son of a man so involved in his country’s relationship with Moscow, Xi Jinping knows his history. The past has shown the dangers of both incautious embrace and full-blown enmity. Now, Xi wants to have his cake and eat it, too—move close enough to Russia to create problems for the West, but not so close that China has to decouple entirely. It is not an easy cake to bake, and it may become harder. Washington is trying to make it as difficult as possible by painting Russia and China with the same brush, portraying China (correctly) as facilitating Russia’s war in Ukraine. The conflict has created real economic and reputational costs for Beijing, even as it shies away from some of Moscow’s requests. Problems exist in any relationship, especially between great powers. What is different from the Cold War is that thorny ideological and personal issues no longer make such challenges so hard to manage. Absent high-impact but low-probability events—such as the use of a nuclear weapon in Ukraine, the collapse of the Russian state, or a war over Taiwan—China will probably maneuver within the broad parameters it has already set out for the relationship. Sometimes Beijing will suggest a close relationship with Moscow, and sometimes it will imply a more distant one, modulating its message as the situation demands. The United States, for its part, may be able to shape some of China’s calculus and limit what kinds of help Russia receives. For the foreseeable future, however, Xi’s model for Chinese-Russian relations will likely prove sturdier than in the past because, perhaps counterintuitively, it avoids the danger of intimacy. You are reading a free article. Subscribe to foreign affairs to get unlimited access.. Paywall-free reading of new articles and over a century of archives Unlock access to iOS/Android apps to save editions for offline reading Six issues a year in print and online, plus audio articles Joseph Torigian is a Research Fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover History Lab and a Professor at the School of International Service at American University. More By Joseph Torigian Most-Read Articles How russian elites made peace with the war. Moscow’s Victories Have Dampened Opposition to the Kremlin Mikhail Zygar Iran’s new nuclear threat. How Tehran Has Weaponized Its Threshold Status Eric Brewer Have china’s wolf warriors gone extinct. Why Beijing Embraced Combative Diplomacy—and Why It Might Do So Again Hamas Is Winning Why Israel’s Failing Strategy Makes Its Enemy Stronger Robert A. Pape Recommended articles, russia’s dangerous new friends. How Moscow Is Partnering With the Axis of Resistance Hamidreza Azizi and Hanna Notte The next tripartite pact. 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