research paper topics on marxism

102 Marxism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best marxism topic ideas & essay examples, 📌 most interesting marxism topics to write about, 👍 good research topics about marxism, ❓ research questions about marxism.

• A Reflection of Marxism in the Modern World This is often done in the form of a dogmatic proclamation of Marxism as an all-powerful doctrine: “Marxism is one of the most influential intellectual movements in the history of ideas”.
• Liberalism versus Marxism Marxism isolates the predispositions and laws of capitalism so as to understand the direction of capitalism; and in this case the direction of capitalism is in four phases which include the beginning, maturity, decline and […]
• John Lennon’s Imagine and Marxism At the same time, the following question will be answered: 1) Why has this song become so popular and why does it have a great appeal on listeners; 2) Is it possible to build and […]
• Religion and Marxism in Metropolis Speaking about the way the film addresses religious topics the characters of Maria and John Frederson, the story of Babylon, and the idea of Mediator is to be mentioned.
• Marxism and Health Economic Inequalities Tackling health inequalities is a top priority for this Government, and it is focused on narrowing the health gap between disadvantaged groups, communities and the rest of the country and on improving health overall.
• What Does Marxism Tell Us About Economic Globalisation Today? Though, crises are known to be more in the developed countries of today, Marxism reckons a time, based on today’s observations of capitalism, when the globe will be industrialised, a situation that will render the […]
• Marxism in Development Geography Marxist Geography is critical in nature, and it utilizes philosophy and theories of Marxism to look at the spatial relations of human Geography.
• Marxism as a Sociological Theory The bourgeoisie is the social class that is associated with the “ownership of the means of production”. This is based on the fact that the output of the proletariats was “valued in terms of the […]
• The Ideas of Marxism: Marxism, Religion and Emancipatory Politics The essence of man, according to Marx, is formed in the relation of man to man and the relation of man to nature.
• Discussion of Marxism Impact on News This article reports the recent attack on the church in southern California by David Chou, a member of the China-backed organization that supports the idea of annexing Taiwan. The view of propaganda is consistent with […]
• Capitalism, Black Marxism and Social Balance Thus, capitalism and racism developed as a consequence of the evolution of Western society, while Black radicalism was a response to this process.
• Education in Marxism: The Communist Manifesto Karl Marx is the founder of new doctrine and the author, together with Friedrich Engels, of the Communist Manifesto, one of the most influential documents in the history of humankind.
• Poverty by Anarchism and Marxism Approaches It is important to note that the very different ways in which social scientists approach the study of social phenomena depend to a great extent upon their particular philosophical view of the social world, a […]
• Political Realism in Light of Marxism and Idealism The reason for the above statement is because the underlying principle behind this theory is that politics is rational and that there is a reasonable explanation for the actions of states in politics.
• Minimum Wage According to Marxism Analyzing the issue from the Marxist viewpoint, it can be concluded that increases in the minimum wage are beneficial to the working class but not to capitalists.
• Class Conflict in Marxism and Other Theories Regardless of the reason for the formation of any society, the element of conflict is always present, precisely because human beings have different perceptions and opinions regarding the procedure of operations in such a society, […]
• Marxism Philosophy of the Nineteenth Century The Marxism philosophy is the brainchild of Karl Marx with the assistance of Friedrich Engels in the mid-nineteenth century. One of the core ideologies behind the concept of Marxism is that of social reality.
• 19th-Century Marxism with Emphasis on Freedom As the paper reveals through various concepts and theories by Marx, it was the responsibility of the socialists and scientists to transform the society through promoting ideologies of class-consciousness and social action as a way […]
• American and European Legal Histories and Marxism The key ideas of Marx regarding the law were laid out in his collaboration with Engels, the Communist Manifesto, in which the authors criticize the entire institution of government being subjected to the rule of […]
• Marxism and International Law The inclination of international laws is also highlighted by the political and economic imbalances that foster the development of laws to accommodate the changes.
• Marxism vs. Feminism: Human Nature, Power, Conflict Marx asserts that the ruling class uses power to exploit the working class and this argument forms the principle of Marxism.
• Has Post-Marxist and Critical Theory Strengthened Marxism? The theories look at the philosophies which shape the relationships between nations and the key interests of the nations which participate in international relations.
• Marxism Perspective in Production According to Marx, economic systems deal with the development of strategies and policies that govern the behavior and employment of the means of production.
• The Best Political Philosophy is Marxism It is also important to note that these group of theorists also believed in the fact that people are selfish. On the contrary, Locke believed in a rational man, even though he could be selfish […]
• Application of Marxism Theoretical Perspective in ‘To be taken with a Grain of Salt’ Symbolically, the notion of interactions of the dead and the living developed by To be taken with a Grain of Salt perhaps exemplifies the differences in the classes of people.
• Why Marxism is Scientific The second section illustrates that the history of the development of Marxism is scientific and it conforms to the progressive development common to the development of scientific knowledge.
• Human Rights: Universalism, Marxism, Communitarianism Marxist and Communitarian do not believe in the existence of human rights. In fact, having and exercising human rights will not benefit the members of the society.
• Relationship Between Institutionalized Racism and Marxism The owners of the means of production utilize their power to subjugate and dominate the inferior class, which is the minority race in the US.
• Contribution of Marxism and Imperialism in Shaping the Modern International Political System Therefore, the postulated concepts of class struggles, materialism, and the surfacing of a capitalistic world market incredibly provide a point of alignment of the Marxism concepts and theories of international relations.
• Income Inequality in Marxism, Structuralism, Neoliberalism, and Dependency Theory The peculiar features of every country’s development should be discussed from the point of the character of the economic relations within the country and from the point of the country’s position within the global economic […]
• History paper, Marxism theory The formation of this class, which controlled the wealth of the entire community, formed the basis of Marxism theory of the minority wealthy individuals at the expense of the majority poor people.
• Marxism will not return as a major ideology in the 21st century Initially, the ideology was first introduced in Canada by the British intellectuals and as a result, it ended up dominating the ideals and major principles of the socialist parties in the country.
• The Various Stages of Development That a Society Goes Through from Marxism Perspective
• A Comparison of Philosophies in Socialism, Marxism and Communism
• Development Models; Isisbter’s Modernization, Dependency and Marxism Theories Applied to Bangalore in India
• The Main Ideas of Marxism, Functionalism and Internationalism
• Marxism and the Revolutionary Tradition
• Comparison of Marxism and Feminism
• Vladimir Lenin and His Revisions to Classical Marxism
• The Role of Intellectuals in The Rise of Marxism History
• The Importance of Marxism in Literature and Critical Theory
• The Fundamentals of Marxism and Economic Liberalism
• The Application of Marxism Theory in Looking at the Cause of the American Civil War
• The Poisonwood Bible: Marxism and American Arrogance Towards Congo
• The Highlight Reel of Marxism in American Football
• The Horizons of Theory: Jameson, Marxism, and Poststructuralism
• Assess the Contribution of Marxism to Our Understanding of the Role of Education
• The Evolution of Marxism in Regards to Feudal Mode of Production
• How Does Cloud Atlas Offer an Interpretation of Marxism in a Highly Tech
• The Distinction Between Animalism and Marxism in Orwell and Maryx
• The Concept of Power Between Conservatism and Marxism
• The Juxtaposition of Platonism and Marxism
• Marxism Through Galileo Common People
• Contributions and Drawbacks of Marxism
• The Philosophy of Liberalism and Marxism
• The Great Depression Summarized by Marxism in Carson Mc Cullers Novel, the Heart is a Lonely Hunter
• The Problem with Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics and Postwork Imaginaries
• The Influence of Marxism on Darwin’s Origin of Species
• The Poverty of Radical Theory Today: From the False Promises of Marxism to the Mirage of the Cultural Turn
• The Theory of Marxism : Marxism, Marxist, Politics, and Ideology
• Understanding Functionalism, Marxism and Liberalism
• Marxism Literary and the New Criticism Theory
• Analysis of Alesdair MacIntyre’s Marxism and Christianity
• The Social Perspectives, Functionalism and Marxism
• Assumptions of Marxism: Contradiction and Conflict
• The Democratic Firm as a New Perspective for Marxism
• Liberalism and Marxism in Global Political Economy
• The Ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Giving Way to the Ideology of Marxism-Leninism
• Understanding Marxism in Relation to Communist Ideals
• Dehumanization: Marxism and Modern Era
• The Evolution of Marxism and the Fate of Capitalism
• What Are the Concepts of Marxism and Feminism?
• What Should You Know About Marxism?
• How Important Was Marxism for the Development of Mozambique and Angola?
• Does Marxism Adequately Explain the 1917 Russian Revolution?
• Does Neo-Liberalism or Neo-Marxism Provide the Most Credible Account of International Politics?
• What Role Does Culture Play in Western Marxism?
• What Is the Difference Between Functionalism and Marxism?
• What Is the Connection Between Great Expectations and Marxism?
• What Are the Class Conflict and Marxism?
• How Did Marxism and Socialism Challenge the Status Quo in Russia at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century?
• What Is the Difference Between Liberalism Marxism and Corporatism?
• What Was the Marxism?
• Why Has Marxism Been So Popular Among Latin American Intellectuals?
• How Does Marxism Explain the Role of Education in Society?
• What Is the Connection Between Marxism and the Fall of Willy Loman in Death?
• How Did Lenin Revise Marxism?
• What Were Lenin’s Views on Marxism?
• What Does Marxism Tell Us About Economic Globalization Today?
• Who Followed Marxism More? Stalin or Lenin?
• How Does Cloud Atlas Offer an Interpretation of Marxism in a Highly Technological Society?
• How Did Lenin Add to Marxism up to 1905, and What Were the Consequences?
• Has Post-Marxist and Critical Theory Strengthened Marxism?
• Why Has Marxism Been Neglected for International Relations?
• Can Feminism and Marxism Come Together?
• What Walrasian Marxism Can and Cannot Do?
• Why Did Western Europe Never Fully Envelope Marxism?
• What Is Cultural Marxism?
• How Much Did Stalin Deviate from Marxism?
• What Is the International Political Economy Interpreted Through Nationalism, Liberalism, and Marxism?
• How Did the Russian Marxism Movement Evolve in the Period?
• Imperialism Questions
• Socialism Ideas
• Totalitarianism Questions
• Sociological Perspectives Titles
• Utilitarianism Research Ideas
• Morality Research Ideas
• Epistemology Essay Titles
• Globalization Essay Topics
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 29). 102 Marxism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/marxism-essay-examples/

"102 Marxism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 29 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/marxism-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '102 Marxism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 29 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "102 Marxism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/marxism-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "102 Marxism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/marxism-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "102 Marxism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/marxism-essay-examples/.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Understanding Marxism as a Critical Study and Research Paradigm: A Framework for a Critic in Literary Analysis

Marxism in Literary or Art in our 21 St centuries is built around a debate of methodology and application when a critic is requested to evaluate a literary text or genre. Though disparities of thoughts in the point of views of some scholars such as: Georg Lukacs, Karl Korsch, Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser etc. have been involved in scientific debates whether Marxism as a sociological approach finds a better reliable application in literature. Marxism as a political ideology of Karl Marx was not designed for literary study, literature in terms of form, politics, ideology, and consciousness, numbers of research skills are required for a critic in almost literary components. While the question of methodology and application in literary analysis is still unsettled in the areas of literary studies so, it appears very difficult and ambiguous to some literary students and English teachers in our local universities in Bukavu (DRC) when prior involving in literary evaluation. Furthermore,...

Related Papers

Asian journal of multidisciplinary studies

junaid shabir

Marxism gives a new dimension to the study of literature by laying stress upon the importance of history within which various social and cultural trends emerge. It helps us to gain a practical and systematic world view by devoting self to the intense study of history. It evaluates the modern society from a unique prism of master-slave view— Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. The account of the horrid tale of proletariat’s oppression is recorded well in the seminal works of Karl Marx like Das Capital , The Communist Manifesto , The German Ideology and so on. A literary artist is deeply affected by the social, economic and political upheavels in the society and tries to give a true account of it in his literary works. Marxism helps the artist to unravel the self interest of the bourgeoisie by putting an end to the patriarchal and feudal idyllic relations which shook the ecstacies of brutal exploitation coated with religious fervor and sentimentalism. In this paper, an attempt has been made...

complex, more than Shakespeare because we know more about the lives of women—Jane Austen and Virginia Woolf included. Both the victimization and the anger experienced by women are real, and have real sources, everywhere in the environment, built into society, language, the structures of thought. They will go on being tapped and explored by poets, among others. We can neither deny them, nor will we rest there. A new generation of women poets is already working out of the psychic energy released when women begin to move out towards what the feminist philosopher Mary Daly has described as the "new space" on the boundaries of patriarchy. 8 Women are speaking to and of women in these poems, out of a newly released courage to name, to love each other, to share risk and grief and celebration. To the eye of a feminist, the work of Western male poets now writing reveals a deep, fatalistic pessimism as to the possibilities of change, whether societal or personal, along with a familiar and threadbare use of women (and nature) as redemptive on the one hand, threatening on the other; and a new tide of phallocentric sadism and overt woman-hating which matches the sexual brutality of recent films. "Political" poetry by men remains stranded amid the struggles for power among male groups; in condemning U.S. imperialism or the Chilean junta the poet can claim to speak for the oppressed while remaining, as male, part of a system of sexual oppression. The enemy is always outside the self, the struggle somewhere else. The mood of isolation, self-pity, and self-imitation that pervades "nonpolitical" poetry suggests that a profound change in masculine consciousness will have to precede any new male poetic—or other—inspiration. The creative energy of patri-archy is fast running out; what remains is its self-generating energy for destruction. As women, we have our work cut out for us. 1976 In the preface to his book, Eagleton writes ironically: "No aoubt we shall soon see Marxist criticism comfortably wedged between Freudian and mythological approaches to literature, as yet one more stimulating academic 'approach,' one more well-tilled field of inquiry for students to tramp." He, urges against such an attitude, believing it "dangerous" to the centrality of Marxism as an agent of social change. Despite his warning, however, and because of his claims for the significance of Marxist criticism, Eagleton's opening chapters, dealing with tuo topics central to literary criticism, are here presented for some thoughtful "tramping." "Marxism," which in some quarters remains a pejorative term, is in fact an indispensable concern in modern intellectual history. Developed primarily as a way of examining historical, economic, and social issues, Marxist doctrine does not deal explicitly with theories of literature; consequently, there is no one orthodox Marxist school (as there is an orthodox Freudianism), but rather a diversity of Marxist readings. Eagleton's own discussion partly illustrates this diversity: he uses the familiar derogatory term "vulgar Marxism" to refe-to the simplistic deterministic notion that a literary work is nothing more than the direct product of its socioeconomic base. Aware also of how Marxist theory can be perverted, Eagleton in another chapter 's scorn-" ful of such politically motivated corruptions as the Stalinist doctrine From Marxism and Literary Criticism;

Ramkrishna Bhattacharya

An attempt to dispel the notion that Marxist literary criticism is nothing but the sociology of literature. On the contrary, the joint yardstick of the historical and the aesthetic is of essence.

Journal of Teaching and Research in English Literature

Aditya Kumar Panda

In 20th century, literary criticism has witnessed influences from many schools of critical inquiries. One of the major schools is Marxist literary criticism. This paper highlights the major tenets of Marxist literary criticism. In other words, it studies the Marxist approach to literature.

Mathias Nilges , Emilio Sauri

a special issue of Mediations (24.2), edited by Emilio Sauri and Mathias Nilges

International Research Journal Commerce arts science

Since the industrial revolution flourished, there was the continuous exploitation of the labor class. Marxism is the method of social economic Analysis of Capitalism, Cultural and Literary analysis which relates with the class struggle. Marxism is based on materialistic understanding of social development which includes social relation, political and legal system, morality and ideology. The main purpose of this study is to analyses the social responsibility activities carried out by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels who chiefly concerned themselves with the capitalistic theory and their mode of production. This theory was later followed by the many writers.

Historical Materialism

Daniel Hartley

Appeared online here: http://www.historicalmaterialism.org/index.php/reading-guides/marxist-literary-criticism-introductory-reading-guide?fbclid=IwAR2vioz8HnlwSHpgoUdnH6cnwFNE7D2gb7juShyG0-z2LxNmyzYevqJLH8I

Zubair Hussain

The ground aspects of phenomenological perspective provide a wide range of the literature study in collaboration with literary theories but the same, the Marxism cannot be studied better in the phenomenological perspectives rather it can be better studied in critical perspectives. The relationship of the Marxism and literary theories with phenomenological common grounds is highlighted in the current study through descriptive method of research. The study illustrates the relationship of Marxism and literary theories in phenomenological perspectives in the light of previous studies and as a sample textual analysis of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

Wan Anayati

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.5.11 Abstract: This paper attempts to elaborate the milieu of Marxist criticism by exposing the types of Marxist movements and ideologies occurred throughout the history. The objective of this study is to present various milieus of Marxism that can be incorporated in the realm of literary discussions. Therefore, the authors utilized the qualitative descriptive approach by selecting various texts that encompass the existence of Marxism criticism. The authors believe that the exploration of this research brings a comprehensive alternative toward Marxist as one of the school of literary criticisms taught in every English department. Marxism is a scientific theory of human societies and of the practice of transforming them; and what that means, rather more concretely, is that the narrative Marxism has to deliver is the story of the struggles of men and women to free themselves from certain forms of exploitation and oppression (Eagleton 12). Furthermore, it is...

164 Karl Marx Essay Topics

🏆 best topics for essay on karl marx, ⭐ catchy karl marx essay topics, 👍 karl marx research topics & marxism essay examples, 🎓 most interesting karl marx research paper titles, 💡 simple karl marx essay ideas, 📌 easy karl marx essay topics, ❓ essay questions on marxism, 🌟 great marxism essay topics.

• Karl Marx’s and Max Weber’s Contributions to Sociology
• Marx vs. Weber: Capitalism – Compare and Contrast Essay
• Liberal & Karl Marx View on Property
• Marx’s Four Types of Alienation
• Karl Marx and International Relations Theories
• Durkheim and Marx: The Division of Labor
• Frederick Taylor’s and Karl Marx’ View of Workers
• Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory and Alienation The current paper is devoted to Karl Marx’s conflict theory and the construct of alienation analysis and identifying its usefulness for social workers.
• Karl Marx and Marx Weber: Suffering in the Society This paper discusses how Karl Max and Marx Weber have explained the nature and cause of suffering in society. It also discusses Marx Weber regarding the connection between religion and capitalism.
• Marx’s vs. Lenin’s Imperialism Theories The term ‘imperialism’ is often used by different scholars and theorists in varying perspectives to refer to a number of ideologies.
• Class and Alienation According to Marx This paper explains Karl Marx’s theory and gives the links between class and alienation, which was developed during capitalism and juxtaposes the facts against life today.
• Karl Marx’s Critique of Capitalism This paper will examine the key ideas of Marx regarding class division, labor, ideology, and fetishism of commodities in the context of capitalism.
• Karl Marx Views on History Marxism perspective is concerned with the ways in which the production of space and place is implicated in the reproduction of specific social reforms that happen in history.
• MacDonaldization and Marx’s Social Change Model McDonaldization is the take-up of the characteristics of a fast-food place by the society through rationalization of traditional ideologies, modes of management and thinking.
• Hegel, Marx and Nietzsche: Comparative Analysis Marx’s view of human nature formed the basis for his philosophy. Hegel created German idealism. Nietzsche utilized topics like social criticism, psychology, religion and morality.
• Review of “Capital” by Carl Marx In the paper special attention put on exploring the Capital and The Communist Manifesto, which are extremely important in understanding the market relationships of modern society.
• Karl Marx’s Fetishism of Commodities Marx examines the peculiar economic properties of market products in capitalist societies using the concept of the fetishism of commodities.
• Marx: The Primitive Accumulation of Capital In the document, the author examines Marx’s point of view on the initial accumulation of capital, analyzes his arguments, and expresses his own opinion on this issue.
• Review of Weber’s and Marx’s Theories The paper provides a detailed review of Weber’s and Marx’s theories and presents the similarities and differences between them.
• Evaluating Marx’s Labor Theory of Value Evaluating Marx’s labor theory of value develops a comprehension among the public regarding the value of different commodities and respective employee wages.
• Weber’s and Marx’s Views on Capitalism Comparison The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast political theories and highlight similarities and differences between Marx and Weber.
• The German Ideology by Karl Marx Karl Marx is one of the greatest contributors in the field of political ideology. His perspective of ideology was brought out clearly in the book The German Ideology.
• The Philosophy of Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill The philosophy of Karl Marx is entirely different as compared to that of John Stuart Mill. The key ideas of Marxism relate to being alienated from a hostile capitalistic world.
• European Socialism: Francois Guizot, Karl Marx and Jean Jaures Practical reproduction of social differences in governance structures can make decisions that are in the best interests of the nation.
• The Contribution of Karl Marx to Economics and Philosophy This paper aims to explore the contribution of Karl Marx not only to the socialist movement’s history but also to global society as it is known today.
• Karl Marx’s Sociology and Its Principles In this paper, the general description of Marx’s sociology is given. A review of literature that focuses on different aspects of Marx’s theory about society is provided.
• “The Communist Manifesto” Book by Karl Marx The work “The Communist Manifesto” by Karl Marx, depicts the bourgeoisie and the proletariat and how their lives are affected by the domination of the former as a ruling class.
• Analysis of “A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy” by Marx The paper interprets a passage from Karl Marx’s work on what key concepts characterize a society and discusses the benefits and evolution from existence to conscious thinking.
• Marx’s Objections to Capitalism This essay describes and evaluates Marx’s three main objections to capitalism and criticizes them on the grounds of his underestimation of capitalism’s creative force.
• Cruel Optimism: Karl Marx’s Ideas and the American Dream The work provides a summary and an analysis of the work of Berlant L. “Cruel optimism: On Marx, loss and the senses” in regard to Karl Marx’s ideas and the American Dream.
• Karl Marx and His Contributions to Study of Economics Brief biography including dates of birth and death; details about childhood, home life, and education; and professional progress.
• Karl Marx’s Communism Manifesto Karl Marx who was a political theorist alongside another German called Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto with the aim of improving the relationship among people.
• Analysis of Excerpts by Smith and Marx on Economic Development The article analyzes excerpts from the works of Smith and Marx in order to explain the interdependence between historical events and subsequent economic development.
• Proletariat and Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx This paper will describe the situation of the proletariat and the solution proposed by Marx to the problems of this class.
• Risk Society and Karl Marx’s Response to It A German philosopher who has been credited with the Communism introduction, Karl Marx developed a socio-political and economic theory whose impact is still felt to date.
• Karl Marx and Utopian Socialists Marx had ideas close to the Utopian ones, the ideas according to which there would be no poverty which he and his family had to live in.
• Marxism: The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels can still be regarded as relevant to the nowadays political social and economic situation; however, there is no more class struggle.
• Marx’s Criticism of Capitalism and Sociological Theory This paper tells about Marx who contributed to sociological theory by linking the economic structure of the society and how it affected social interactions.
• Karl Marx: Manifesto of the Communist Party Marx visualizes and blames the traditional feudal relationship for creating only two classes, among which the bourgeois class is the enhancement of capital over wage labor.
• Karl Marx’s Life, Times, and Ideas in Economics Karl Marx was truly one of the most influential philosophers, economists, revolutionary and socialist thinkers of the 19th century and his work is often explored today.
• Marx’s and Weber’s Opposing Views of Capitalism Weber is among the profound critics of Marxist ideologies. They have opposing views on the issue of capitalism even though they share some similarities on the same topic.
• “The Communist Manifesto” Book by Marx and Engels The relationships between freemen and slaves are frequently discussed in modern society to find out the roots of social inequality.
• Karl Marx and His Social Theory In his work, Marx focuses on the issues of labor and class struggle noting that the political economy has divided the society into two main classes.
• Karl Marx’ Philosophical Ideas Karl Marx’s capital is one of the most controversial theories of economic development. This theory is as a result of revelation of the Marxist philosophy.
• Marx’s Labor Theory in Garnham’s and Fuchs’s Views There are different viewpoints regarding Marx’s labor theory. This paper addresses that of Nicholas Garnham and the one offered by Christian Fuchs.
• Religion in Marx’s and Nietzsche’s Philosophies This paper explores the similarities and differences between Marx and Nietzsche’s views on religion and politics.
• Karl Marx and Adam Smith’ Views on Working Class Karl Marx and Adam Smith are two prominent figures. This paper examines their works to determine which argument about perceive working class is more reasonable.
• The Vision of Capitalism: Adam Smith vs Karl Marx Comparing Smith’s vision of the impact of the capitalist economy to that of Marx, it can be claimed that the former offers a more positive evaluation of the relevant outcomes.
• Political Theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
• Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto and Its Impact on Society
• Influence of Karl Marx on the Feminist Movement
• The Social and Economic Features of Jabal Nablus and Karl Marx’s Methodology
• The Similarities and Differences in the Views of Karl Marx and Max Weber
• Karl Marx: The Greatest Thinker and Philosopher of His Time
• The Life and Political Activities of Karl Marx
• Karl Marx’s Communism and How Communism Has Manifested in Russia and China
• Religion and the Perspectives of Karl Marx
• Feminist Movement and Theories of Karl Marx
• The Reasons Why the Predictions of Karl Marx Never Materialized
• The Life, Times, and Economic Contributions of Karl Marx
• Man’s Spirit Destruction and the Alienation Theory of Karl Marx
• Adam Smith and Karl Marx: Contrasting Views of Capitalism
• The Beauty and Cruelty in Human Nature: An Analysis of the Kite Runner From Biblical View and Karl Marx’s
• Karl Marx and the Industrial Revolution
• The Early Life and Philosophical Ideologies of Karl Marx
• Karl Marx and Commodity Fetishism Analysis Philosophy
• Exploring Karl Marx and Jean-Jacque Rousseau’s Views on Free
• The Similarities and Differences Between the Views of John Locke and Karl Marx on Violent Revolutions
• Political and Economic Theories of Karl Marx
• Marxism and the Marxist Theory of Karl Marx
• The Social, Political, and Economic Characteristics of Karl Marx’s Utopia in the Communist Manifesto
• The Differences and Similarities of Karl Marx‘s Theory of Anomie
• Karl Marx’s Predictions and America After the Civil War
• The Theories and Principals of Karl Marx, and the Effect His Ideas Have Had on the World Today
• Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx Views on Sociology of Religion
• Why Karl Marx Criticizes the Ideology of Capitalism?
• Karl Marx: Established Idea of Communist Society in Response to Capitalism
• Money, Interest, and Capital Accumulation in Karl Marx’s
• The Ideas and Thoughts of Karl Marx on Social and Economic Issues
• The Early Life, Achievements and Influence of Karl Marx
• Gender and Race Inequality by Karl Marx
• Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud: Human Perception and Morality
• The Most Influential Theories of Karl Marx, a German Philosopher
• The Relation Between State and Society According to Karl Marx
• Contemporary World Economy and the Communist Manifesto of Karl Marx
• Karl Marx Set the Wheels of Modern Communism and Socialism in Motion
• The Importance of Karl Marx’s Theories in Family Ethics
• Social and Economic Theories Developed by Karl Marx
• State Power and the Wrongness of Karl Marx’s Assumption
• Political Thinking and the Contributions of Karl Marx
• Society and Freedom According to Jean Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx
• The Insights Into International Relations in the Writings of Karl Marx
• The Link Between Karl Marx and the Russian Revolution
• Why Karl Marx Thought Communism Was the Ideal Political Party
• Karl Marx’s Sociological Theories and Leadership
• The Dangers and Pitfalls of a Capitalist Regime in the Works of Karl Marx
• Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto and the Industrial Proletariat
• Religion and Education According to Max Weber and Karl Marx
• The Industrial Revolution and Karl Marx History
• The Banking School and the Monetary Thought of Karl Marx
• Karl Marx’s Social Theories and the Idea of a Temporary Worker
• Comparing and Contrasting the Role of the Market in the Political Theories of Karl Marx and Milton Friedman
• Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto and the Family Business
• Religious Controversy During the Time of Karl Marx
• Why Karl Marx and Lenin Were Influential Figures and Economic?
• Karl Marx, German Economist, and Revolutionary Socialist
• The Life and Works of Adam Smith and Karl Marx
• Karl Marx and the Impacts of Colonialism in the World History
• Modern Day International Economy and Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx
• Relationship Between Labor and Capital According to Karl Marx
• Karl Marx Rise and Fall of the Revolution
• Was Karl Marx the Biggest Talker of American Terrorist Socialist Ideals
• Karl Marx: Major Features of Capitalist Mode of Production
• Karl Marx and Marxism on Modern Thought and Society
• The Practical Cognition and the Theories of Knowledge by Karl Marx
• Karl Marx’s Socioeconomic and Political Theories
• What Would Karl Marx Say About Exploitation in Regards to Child Labour
• Karl Marx Was the Greatest Thinker and Philosopher
• The Reasons Why Karl Marx Is the Most Controversial Economic in History
• Karl Marx’s Capital Concepts Related to Labor
• Globalization and the Applicability of the Writings of Karl Marx
• Karl Marx’s Dialectical Perspectives of History
• Does Karl Marx’s Critique of Capitalism Rest on a Fallacious Philosophy of History?
• How Does Karl Marx Account for the Industrialization of Society?
• Was Karl Marx History’s Greatest Optimist?
• How Does “The Communist Manifesto” by Karl Marx Use Strong Diction?
• What Is Karl Marx Best Known For?
• Is Karl Marx a Great Thinker?
• Why Can Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx Be Regarded as Structuralists?
• What Was Karl Marx’s View of History?
• Can Feminism and Marxism Come Together?
• How Does Marxism Explain the Role of Education in Society?
• Does Marxism Adequately Explain the 1917 Russian Revolution?
• Why Was Karl Marx So Disparaging of the Utopian Socialists?
• How Did Lenin Revise Marxism?
• What Is Karl Marx’s Main Theory?
• How Does Cloud Atlas Offer an Interpretation of Marxism in a Highly Technological Society?
• What Is the Biggest Contribution of Karl Marx to the Society?
• Is Marxism Useful for Understanding Society Today?
• What Is the Main Idea Behind Karl Marx’s Theory of Socialism?
• How Much Did Stalin Deviate From Marxism?
• What Is the Famous Statement of Karl Marx?
• How Was the Status Quo Challenged by Marxism and Socialism in Russia at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century?
• Why Did Karl Marx Not Believe in God?
• What Does Marxism Tell Us About Economic Globalization Today?
• How Has Marxism Contributed to Society?
• Why Was Karl Marx So Influential in the 20th Century?
• What Role Does Culture Play in Western Marxism?
• Is Marxism Still Relevant Today?
• Why Did Western Europe Never Fully Envelope Marxism?
• How Important Was Marxism for the Development of Mozambique and Angola?
• Why Has Marxism Been Neglected for International Relations?
• Marxist Literary Criticism and its Influence on Interpretations of Classic Novels
• The Relevance of Marxism in Contemporary Societies
• Class Conflict and Power Relations in Literature: Marxist Perspective on Selected Literary Works
• Marx’s Vision of Communism: Assessing the Feasibility of a Classless Society
• The Influence of Marxist Critical Theory on Feminist Literature: Unraveling Intersections of Oppression
• Marxist Perspectives on Revolution: Case Studies from Historical and Modern Contexts
• Marxist Criticism and the Depiction of Social Hierarchies in 19th-century Novels
• The Influence of Marxism on Feminist Theories
• Analyzing Marx’s Theory of Surplus Value and Economic Inequality
• Exploring the National Question in Literary Works: Marxist Analysis of Ethnic and National Identity
• The Relevance of Marx’s Labor Theory of Value in Contemporary Capitalist Economies
• Marx’s Theory of Historical Dialectics: Implications for Understanding Social Progress

Cite this post

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2021, November 12). 164 Karl Marx Essay Topics. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/karl-marx-essay-topics/

"164 Karl Marx Essay Topics." StudyCorgi , 12 Nov. 2021, studycorgi.com/ideas/karl-marx-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2021) '164 Karl Marx Essay Topics'. 12 November.

1. StudyCorgi . "164 Karl Marx Essay Topics." November 12, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/karl-marx-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "164 Karl Marx Essay Topics." November 12, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/karl-marx-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "164 Karl Marx Essay Topics." November 12, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/karl-marx-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Karl Marx were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on December 27, 2023 .

Marxism Research Paper

View sample Marxism Research Paper. Browse other research paper examples and check the list of political science  research paper topics for more inspiration. If you need a research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can always turn to our experienced writers for help. This is how your paper can get an A! Also, chech our custom research proposal writing service for professional assistance. We offer high-quality assignments for reasonable rates.

I. Introduction

Academic writing, editing, proofreading, and problem solving services, get 10% off with 24start discount code, ii. the life and times of karl marx, iii. marxism, iv. human nature, v. economic determinism and historical and dialectical materialism, vi. the rise and collapse of capitalism, vii. socialism and communism, viii. the role of the professional revolutionary, ix. conclusion.

Socialist political philosophy has existed since the beginning of recorded history. It has also taken on a great number of forms since its emergence in antiquity. However, no theory of socialism has had a greater impact on the modern world than the philosophy constructed by the 19th-century German thinker Karl Marx. Marx’s theory of socialism originated from (and was a direct response to) the capitalist mode of production. Marx, particularly, focused on the relationship between capitalism as an economic system and industrial development in Western Europe during the middle of the 19th century. Along with his lifelong collaborator, Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), Marx wrote several epic volumes that impacted almost all Western political thought from his time through the present. Some of Marx’s most influential works, such as the first volume of Capital and The Communist Manifesto, were published during his lifetime. However, many of his significant writings, such as two subsequent volumes of Capital, the German Ideology and the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, were published posthumously. In those volumes and in many more pieces, Marx developed an analysis of industrial capitalism that was both complex and comprehensive. After his death in 1883, Marx’s theory was repeatedly expanded on by devotees and detractors alike. Whether they offered a new interpretation of a particular aspect of Marxian thought or a rigorous critique of his ideas, all those who responded to Marx ensured that his ideas will continue to live far beyond his corporeal existence. More than a century after his death, Marx remains the unequivocal “father” of modern socialist thought.

To understand Marxism and its emergence, one must have some sense of the context in which it emerged, as well as of Karl Marx the man. It was a combination of his own experiences, the philosophical influences on his work, and the social and economic context of the 19th century that led to the emergence of one of the most powerful philosophical and ideological influences of modern times.

Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Trier, Germany, on May 5, 1818, to Hirschel and Henrietta Marx. His father was one of the most respected lawyers in the city, a man who had converted from Judaism to Protestantism in order to keep his job. The young Marx grew up in a comfortable middleclass household and led a fairly uneventful life. At 17, he enrolled at the University of Bonn to study law. At Bonn, he spent a great deal of time “socializing” and running up rather large debts from his adventures at local beer halls. He also became engaged to Jenny von Westphalen, the daughter of Baron von Westphalen, a prominent member of Trier society. When Marx’s father found out that Karl had been wounded in a duel, the elder Marx insisted that his son withdraw and enroll at the more “sedate” University of Berlin, in the Prussian Empire (Wheen, 2002).

At the University of Berlin, professor Bruno Bauer (1809–1882) introduced young Marx to the writings of the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) and his philosophy of dialectical idealism. Bauer also introduced Marx to atheism and other radical political opinions that got Marx into trouble with the authorities. Marx was especially impressed by Hegel’s theory that a thing or thought could not be separated from its opposite. For example, the slave could not exist without the master, and vice versa. Hegel argued that unity would eventually be achieved by the equalizing of all opposites, by means of the dialectic (logical progression) of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. The ultimate thesis was the “truth.” This was Hegel’s theory of the evolving process of history and the ideals that motivated history. Marx joined the Young Hegelian movement, which fiercely criticized both the Prussian aristocracy and its opposition (McLellan, 1973).

Following the death of his father (and source of financial support) in 1838, Marx decided to earn a doctorate and become a university professor. However, after completing his doctoral thesis at the University of Jena, a thesis which was a fierce critique of spiritualism and which laid out the basis of materialism, the idea that material reality produces thought in humans and not the other way around, Marx was unable to find a teaching position (largely because of his radical anti-Prussian views). In 1842, he found a job in Cologne as the editor of a newspaper, Rheinische Zeitung, which opposed the Prussian attempt to dominate the West German principalities. As editor, Marx wrote a number of editorials that compelled the local government, under pressure from the Prussians, to close the paper. Marx quickly married his fiancé Jenny and then emigrated to France, arriving in Paris at the end of 1843 (Mehring, 2003; Wheen, 2002).

In Paris, Marx made contact with several noteworthy radicals, including the exiled Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876), the idealist anarchist Pierre J. Proudhon (1809–1865), and Marx’s most important collaborator, Friedrich Engels, the son of a wealthy German industrialist. In Paris, Marx and Engels decided to work together, bringing to the table different skills: Marx was best at conceptualizing and abstraction, and Engels was better at communicating abstract concepts to a mass audience. Thus began a mutually beneficial lifelong partnership.

In 1844, the authorities expelled Marx. He moved his family to Brussels, Belgium, where he remained until 1847. Engels subsequently moved to England, where Engels’s family had cotton spinning interests in Manchester. Marx had already published several works that outlined his theory of materialism and its impact on the development of history and predicted the collapse of capitalism. In Brussels, Marx joined the Communist League, a group of German émigrés with its center in London. Marx and Engels became the major theoreticians of the organization, and at a conference of the League in London at the end of 1847, Marx and Engels were commissioned to write the program for the organization: The Communist Manifesto.

The Communist Manifesto was published immediately before the Year of Revolutions, 1848. These revolutions were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in the spring of 1848. Essentially it was a revolutionary wave that began with the French revolution of 1848 and then spread rapidly throughout Europe. Although most of the revolts were put down very quickly, a significant amount of violence occurred, with tens of thousands of revolutionaries executed.

The causes of upheaval were many, but one of the major factors was the rise of industrial capitalism in Europe and the rapid urbanization of the population that accompanied industrial expansion. Early capitalism had led to rapid economic expansion but was also accompanied by the widespread misery of the working classes. Unemployment, poverty, and the lack of a political voice via the right to vote all contributed to the beginning of the upheaval. Although the revolution in France had started as a protest movement led by the middle classes against the Orleans monarchy of Charles X, the last Bourbon king, it quickly became an uprising of the working classes in the cities.

Early in 1848, Marx moved back to Paris when the revolution first broke out and then on to Germany, where he founded, again in Cologne, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. The paper openly opposed the Prussian autocracy and pressed for revolt. The paper was suppressed, and Marx fled to London in 1849 to avoid arrest, an exile that was to last the rest of his life.

In the early period of his exile, Marx was quite optimistic about the prospect for another major revolutionary upheaval that would destroy capitalism and all its evils. He rejoined a resuscitated Communist League in London and wrote two pamphlets that argued that another revolution was imminent, the Class Struggles in France and the 18th Brumaire of Louis Napoleon. As the years passed, he became more interested in the study of political economy in order to understand what led to the conditions for revolution. He spent the next years working in the British Museum and living in abject poverty in a three-room flat in the Soho section of London with his family. He had a total of six children and depended almost entirely on gifts from Engels, whose family business in Manchester was doing quite well. He also worked as foreign correspondent for the New York Daily Tribune at this time (Barnett, 2009).

Despite all his problems Marx continued to work, and in 1867, the first volume of his greatest work, simply entitled Capital, was published. The volume is a detailed analysis of capitalism and how it created the conditions of abject poverty and worker alienation. Marx also deals with the issue of revolution, arguing that capitalism creates the conditions for its own destruction. In 1871, Marx began working on the second volume of Capital. He had been encouraged by the formation of the Paris Commune in March 1871 and the abdication of the French dictator Louis Napoleon but became despondent after the revolt collapsed. Volume 2 was never finished as Marx’s health and his wife’s deteriorated. Jenny Marx died in 1881, and Marx’s eldest daughter died in January 1883. Karl Marx died 2 months later, on March 14, 1883.

From Marx’s thousands of pages of writing (much published only after his death), some fundamental themes emerge. First, it is important to note that Marx built his theories on several assumptions that were prevalent in economic thought of the time. The first was the labor theory of value. The labor theory of value is a major pillar of traditional Marxian economics, which is quite apparent in Marx’s masterpiece, Capital. The basic claim is rather straightforward: The value of a commodity is determined by the amount of labor that is invested into that commodity. For example, a primitive axe made of vines, wood, and a stone is more valuable than its component parts because of the labor invested in it. Or, if a pair of shoes takes twice as long to make as a pair of pants, then shoes are twice as valuable as pants, regardless of the value of the physical inputs. Although this theory has been disproven, early economists such as Adam Smith (1723–1790) and David Ricardo (1772–1823), who influenced Marx’s thought, were proponents of this idea. The theory meant that because all value was created by labor, capitalism stripped the producers of their humanity by extracting “surplus value” for the benefit of the capitalists.

Another prevalent assumption in economic theory of the time was the iron law of wages. Although the idea is most closely associated with Ferdinand Lassalle (1825– 1864) and Thomas Malthus (1766–1864), David Ricardo was said to subscribe to it. According to Lassalle, wages in capitalism are reduced to the cost of reproduction, or the amount required so that labor can physically reproduce itself by having children. This is because competition between firms requires that capitalists reduce the costs of production to be competitive. Because value is created solely by labor (according to the labor theory of value), then the primary cost of production is the cost of labor, or wages. Over time there is pressure to reduce wages to the minimal subsistence level, or the cost of reproduction. This idea was to play an important part in Marx’s argument regarding the inevitability of the collapse of capitalism.

Based on these common economic assumptions of the period, Marx fashioned a comprehensive view of the evolution of human history that included several key elements. The first is his view of human nature, the second is related to his views on economic determinism and historical and dialectical materialism and his explanation of capitalism’s inevitable collapse, and the third is the role of professional revolutionaries in facilitating the revolution.

Marx’s theory of socialism originated from his unique perspective on human nature. Unlike most of the prominent Western political theorists before him, Marx did not adopt an essentialist conception of human nature. Rather, he and Engels asserted in German Ideology that at any given time in human history, the “natural” condition of humankind was significantly influenced by the material and social conditions that were dominant at that moment (Tucker, 1978). From this perspective, humans are not naturally born with anything at all (in direct contrast with many of the liberal theories of the 18th century that spoke of natural inalienable rights). In particular, these material or social conditions affect all that we do as human beings.

It is important to note that Marx did not think that humans were merely passive reflections of their environments (as would be the case if one were to argue in favor of nurture as opposed to nature). Indeed, as other contemporary thinkers associated with the positivist movement of the 19th century (especially Auguste Comte, 1798–1857), Marx believed that humans had the ability to shape and change their material conditions. As a result, Marx claimed that humans were participants in the crafting of their own consciousness rather than simply passive blank slates whose nature changed with arbitrary changes in material conditions (Tucker, 1978).

Although Marx would agree in general that human beings were not born with anything, he believed one impulse was natural to humans. Like all animals, humans confront their surroundings as they find them and then alter the material world through their productive capacity. Humans are unique, however, because they are the only animal conscious of their own productive acts and have a natural desire to produce what they can imagine. Therefore, Marx claimed, the symbiotic relationship between human consciousness and the given material conditions, at any point in history, becomes established by conscious human action (Tucker, 1978).

Based on his assumptions regarding human nature (that human beings are naturally economic beings), Marx argued that everything that human beings create therefore has some economic purpose. Thus, everything—religion, culture, laws, government—is designed for particular economic purposes, generally to keep the dominant class dominant. For instance, Marx noted that most laws made by the state were meant to protect property, an instrument by which one class rules another. In most of their writings, Marx and Engels seem to see the state as a neutral tool, much like a weapon (Evans, 1975). Similarly, religion has an economic purpose. As Marx notes, it convinces the oppressed of a better life after the current world (as long as they are obedient), thus making the oppressed accept their condition. “Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people” (Marx, 1844, para. 3).

Another important element of Marx’s theory is that history moves in distinct stages, and what causes movement from one stage to another is conflict, particularly class conflict. Here Marx draws on the notion of Hegelian dialectics. For Marx, class was defined by an individual’s relationship to the means of production. Means of production referred to those things that are used to produce other things. Thus, for example, land, water, and buffalo were the means of production for the Plains tribes of North America. These resources were used to produce other goods (such as shelter and tools). In Rome, the primary means of production were land and slaves. In modern industrial society, the means of production are the machines and factories used to produce other products that are then consumed. Class is determined by the extent to which people own most, some, or little of the means of production, or by their relationship to the means of production. It is generally conflict over control or access to the means of production that drives history.

For Marx, history is driven by the never-ending, cyclical process of humans’ acting on their material conditions, altering those surroundings, and, in turn, being affected by a newly generated set of material conditions. Inspired by Hegel’s distinctive theory of history and idealist philosophy, Marx postulated that human social and political development are advanced through conflict between antithetical class forces. Marx made a major departure from Hegel, however, on the nature of this conflict. Marx is said to have “stood Hegel on his head” by claiming that it was conflict rooted in the material conditions of existence that drove history, and not conflict over antithetical ideas, which Hegel asserted was the principal mover of human history. Thus Marx distinguished his own form of dialectic as dialectical materialism, in contrast to Hegel’s dialectical idealism.

Marx examined the dominant material conditions at various moments of human history and stated that each set of dominant conditions bred a set of conflictive conditions. In the hands of human beings, these contradictory conditions contributed to conflict; at times, this conflict became so deep and irresolvable that it transformed human development in profound ways. Marx asserted that human beings drove this process by acting collectively and particularly as members of an economic social class. As a result, for Marx and Engels, history moved in distinct stages or epochs, and within each epoch, one could find the contradictions (or class conflicts) that would pave the way to the next stage. Marx identified the following stages:

• Primitive communism
• Slave society
• Socialism and communism

Unlike earlier liberal democratic theory, which held that there had been a time in human history when humans did not live in a society (or the so-called state of nature), Marx argued that humans had always lived in some kind of society. The first of these societies he called primitive communism. Although Marx is associated with this term, primitive communism was most fully elaborated by Engels (1884), who thought of it as a period when the collective right to basic resources, egalitarianism in social relationships, and the absence of authoritarian rule and hierarchy all existed. This stage was characterized by a society much like the tribal communities of the North American Plains. Although humans possessed personal items (their clothes, some tools, etc.), there was no sense that individuals owned the major means of production—the land, the water, the buffalo, and so forth. Without private property (in this sense of ownership of the means of production), there were no classes to speak of. Since this was a classless society, it was communist. What made it primitive was the very low standard of living and the great dangers facing tribal members.

Eventually, primitive communism gave way to the next stage of history, slave society. Although Marx and Engels are not clear as to how primitive communism collapsed, there is a suggestion by Engels (1884) that it was a “natural” development. In other words, someone somewhere inevitably claimed a particular piece of land or a particular herd of cattle. This claim created the basis of the haves versus the have-nots, or class contradictions. Slave society was in many ways the first epoch with class contradictions. In slave society, the principal means of production were land and slave labor, as was the case in Rome. Wealth in slave societies was defined in terms of land ownership and slave ownership. In such societies, there were classes: those who owned most of the land and slaves (or most of the means of production), such as the large landholding patricians of Rome; those (such as artisans) who owned some of the means of production; and those who owned nothing, not even themselves (slaves). Societies such as Rome were rocked by internal conflicts among these classes for control over the means of production (such as the slave revolt led by the gladiator Spartacus in the 1st century CE). Eventually these conflicts led to the demise of slave society and the emergence of feudalism.

Feudalism, like slave society, was characterized primarily by agricultural production controlled by large estates of landholding nobles. However, unlike slave society, primary labor was based, not on slavery, but on peasant and serf labor. Although serfs were legally bound to land and could not freely leave, unlike slaves, who were property, serfs owned themselves. In feudalism, there were also other classes, particularly the merchants, or the early bourgeoisie. The early bourgeoisie, unlike the landholding nobility, derived their livelihood from the control of trade (such as ships, transport) and finance. With the expansion of trade routes east and west, the European bourgeoisie grew in economic status and demanded political power as a result.

Ultimately, the bourgeoisie triumphed, and feudalism as an epoch gave way to capitalism. Unlike previous epochs, capitalism is based, not on agricultural production, but on industrial production. The dominant class, the bourgeoisie, created bourgeois democracy as a means to defeat the feudal lords and establish its supremacy. The other major class in capitalism is the proletariat. Members of the proletariat own none of the means of production, but they do own themselves. They sell their labor in exchange for wages. In the early period of capitalism, there were other classes, such as the petite bourgeoisie (little bourgeoisie), or those who owned some of the means of production (such as mom-and-pop merchants or owners of family farms). Over time, the petite bourgeoisie had been competed out of existence by larger, more efficient producers (the industrial bourgeoisie), and subsequently the petite bourgeoisie joined the ranks of the ever-expanding proletariat. Indeed, over time, a polarization of sorts would occur, with wealth being concentrated in fewer and fewer hands and the proletariat growing ever larger and more impoverished.

Somewhat surprisingly, Marx did not consider capitalism to be completely devoid of any positive impact on humanity. In fact, he claimed that capitalism provided a dynamic means to concentrate resources and convert those resources into unprecedented technical advances in very short order. Indeed, capitalism was the most efficient and productive epoch in human history. However, Marx asserted that this dynamism came at a severe price. First and foremost for Marx, capitalism facilitates an exploitative relationship between the two major social classes— the owners of capital (the bourgeoisie) and the working class (the proletariat). Briefly, Marx claimed that the profit (also known as surplus value) derived from the capitalist production process was merely the difference between the value generated by the proletariat and the wages that they earned from the bourgeoisie. Therefore, according to Marx’s conception, the proletariat generated all value as a result of its labor but had only a portion of that value returned to it by the bourgeoisie in the form of wages. Since the proletariat created surplus value, but the bourgeoisie enjoyed the fruits of that value, the bourgeoisie was effectively exploiting the proletariat on a consistent and ongoing basis.

Marx asserted that this exploitative relationship was an essential part of the capitalist production process. Among other things, surplus value was used by the bourgeoisie to reinvest, modernize, and expand its productive capacity. All members of the bourgeoisie had to expand the scope of their productive operations, or eventually they would be put out of business by rivals from within their own social class. Therefore, for Marx, capitalism could not continue as a mode of production without the unceasing exploitation of the proletariat, which comprises the majority of human beings in advanced industrial societies.

Not only did Marx claim that the capital–wage labor relationship was exploitative, but he also claimed that this economic relationship left the majority of human beings feeling estranged from their own humanity. Because Marx believed that productivity was a naturally human act, he concluded that the capital–wage labor relationship degraded something that was a fulfilling, meaningful, and free act into drudgery that was performed solely for the purpose of basic survival. Since humans constantly reproduced their material conditions and, in doing so, refashioned human nature, work performed for the sole purpose of survival ultimately served to alienate all members of the proletariat from their very humanity.

Marx predicted that capitalism, like every dominant economic mode of production before it, possessed internal contradictions that would eventually destroy the system. Not only was the everyday capital–wage labor relationship marked by exploitation, but the nature of the market system also guaranteed that the economy would slip into periodic crises that made the exploitative nature of the association between the bourgeoisie and proletariat clear for all to see. These would be revolutionary moments when the proletariat would achieve revolutionary consciousness, or the realization that the source of its misery was the system of capitalism itself, and would rise up and destroy it.

Classical economists of Marx’s time recognized the negative impact that periodic economic recessions had on capitalist economies, but they generally viewed such downturns as acceptable (some even considered them positive events) and temporary. Marx, on the other hand, interpreted these recessionary periods as a sign of profound contradictions inherent in capitalism. These recessions were moments of crisis, Marx thought, and not necessarily temporary in nature. Furthermore, Marx predicted that, over time, crisis periods would get progressively longer, recessions would get deeper, recoveries would be shallower, and times in between moments of crisis would get shorter. Ultimately, like all other modes of production before it, Marx claimed, capitalism would come to an end and be replaced by an economic system that had fewer internal contradictions.

Following the collapse of capitalism and the seizure of power by the proletariat, a transitional period would follow, socialism, ultimately leading to full-blown advanced communism. Marx spent very little space discussing his vision for socialism and communism, but he and Engels discussed it briefly in The Communist Manifesto (1848). He also referred to life under socialism in The German Ideology (1845), and he commented on the basic principles of socialism and communism in commentaries such as the Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875). From these indications, the following picture emerges. During the transitional period, the proletariat uses the coercive power of the state to defend the revolution from the remnants of the bourgeoisie. However, because the “habits” of the past are not easily discarded, Marx and Engels contended, some form of exchange would continue. In the Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875), Marx states that in a socialist society, the laborer will receive, in return for a given quantity of work, the equivalent in means of consumption, or the formula later adopted by the Soviet Union, “from each according to his ability, to each according to his labor.”

Over time, with continuing production comes the elimination of material want (a blessing of industrial capitalism that provided the productive basis for the communist epoch) as well as the disappearance of the last vestiges of the bourgeoisie. Under socialism, the proletariat would represent both the majority of society and the dominant class. Under communism, there would be no classes, because all would have equal access to the means of production. Production in such a system would be designed to serve human needs rather than extracting the highest possible levels of surplus value. Marx sums it up in the following words:

In a higher phase of communist society, after the enslaving subordination of the individual to the division of labor, and therewith also the antithesis between mental and physical labor, has vanished; after labor has become not only a means of life but life’s prime want; after the productive forces have also increased with the all around development of the individual, and all the springs of co operative wealth flow more abundantly only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be crossed in its entirety and society inscribe on its banners: From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs! (Marx, 1875, Part I, para. 50)

Full communism would have some key characteristics (Marx & Engels, 1848). It would be a classless society, because class differences would disappear. One might wonder why class differences would disappear, given that Marx’s account of history was almost entirely based on class conflict as “naturally” arising. In part, their disappearance is one of the blessings of capitalist production. Capitalism is so materially productive that it would produce such abundance that no one would want for anything. Technology had provided for such material abundance that there would be no need for haves and havenots, that is, no classes. As a result, given that the state was seen as a tool of the dominant class, communism would ultimately be a stateless society as well, because the state would ultimately “wither away” of disuse. This idea was especially developed by Freidrich Engels in Anti Duhring (1877). Furthermore, communism would be a nationless society because, Marx and Engels believed, national identities were a product of capitalism, and such identities would disappear, to be replaced by a universalist proletarian identity. For Marx, under communism, people would be free to do all that they wish. He described life under communism in the following terms:

Communist society would make it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, rear cattle in the evening, criticise after dinner, just as I have a mind, without ever becoming hunter, fisherman, herdsman or critic. (Marx, 1845, para. 10)

Some argue that Marx defies his own foundational philosophy by declaring that socialism and communism are a historic inevitability. However, there is little evidence that Marx genuinely believed that socialism or communism represented the essential next step in human history. In fact, in the The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels confess that the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat may very well be vicious enough that it leads to the destruction of humankind rather than the dawn of a new millennial age.

In sum, Marx expends much more of his intellectual career analyzing and critiquing capitalism than he does defining the nature of socialism and communism or life after the revolution. In general, this squares with his philosophical roots. If history is defined by human activity and conflict, as Marx postulated, then it would be impossible for anyone to describe future modes of production in any level of detail—the details by necessity would be provided by those who refashion history.

What then is the role of the professional revolutionary, if the laws of history appear to predetermine the inevitable collapse of capitalism? For Marx, although the proletariat has a historic mission, this mission is not always clear. Thus a revolutionary party is needed to enlighten the proletariat and help form it into a class, which would then lead to the overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy and the subsequent conquest of political power by the proletariat. The role of the professional revolutionary party was to prepare the proletariat for its revolutionary mission by educating the masses as to their historic purpose.

Marx certainly encouraged members of the proletariat to be conscious of their class status and organize as producers into revolutionary unions, political parties, and fraternal organizations. He would leave the specifics to the many who would follow in his wake.

Marxism has been one of the most influential political ideologies of the 19th and 20th centuries. Marx’s ideas not only inspired a variety of schools of thought, but his ideas have inspired a vigorous debate over a whole range of issues—such as the balance of the state and the market in production and the proper role of government in society. Indeed, one of the main criticisms of Marx and Engels is their tendency to underestimate the power of the capitalist state to stave off the inevitability of revolution. Indeed, Marx did not foresee the power of the welfare state in saving capitalism from itself.

Furthermore, the number of schools of thought that have derived from Marx’s ideas are too numerous to recite in a brief research paper such as this. However, those inspired by Marx fall roughly into two categories: revolutionary socialists and evolutionary socialists. Of all the revolutionary socialists, the writings of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (better known as Lenin) stand out as the most prominent. The Western European tradition of social democracy, in which the interests of the proletariat are represented by a political party that seeks to gain power through democratic elections, offers a stark nonrevolutionary contrast to Leninism. In spite of the intense differences between these two schools of socialist thought, both undeniably owe their foundational ideas to the work of Karl Marx. They are subjects of other research papers.

Although the study of Marxism after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 has gone out of vogue in many intellectual circles, its relevance now has become increasingly apparent. The concentration of wealth in fewer and fewer hands via corporate mergers and hostile takeovers, the disappearance of the petite bourgeoisie (family farmers and mom-and-pop enterprises), and the apparent collusion between big capital and the state—all were suggested by Marx and Engels. Perhaps a rediscovery of Marxism among students of political science would help them better understand the direction of the world in the 21st century.

Bibliography:

• Barnett, V. (2009). Marx. London: Routledge.
• Engels, F. (1877). Anti-Duhring. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/
• Engels, F. (1884). The origin of the family, private property and the state. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1884/origin-family/index.htm
• Evans, M. (1975). Karl Marx. London: Macmillan. Marx, K. (1844). A contribution to the critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/intro.htm
• Marx, K. (1845). The German ideology. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/
• Marx, K. (1867). Capital. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/
• Marx, K. (1875). Critique of the Gotha programme. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/index.htm
• Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1848). The communist manifesto. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/
• Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1884). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/
• McLellan, D. (1973). Karl Marx: His life and thought. New York: Harper & Row.
• Mehring, F. (2003). Karl Marx: The story of his life. London: Routledge.
• Tucker, R. C. (1978). The Marx Engels reader. New York: Norton.
• Wheen, F. (2002). Karl Marx: A life. New York: Norton.

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

• Call to +1 844 889-9952

69 Marxism Research Topics & Essay Examples

📝 marxism research paper examples, 🏆 best marxism essay titles, ❓ marxism research questions.

• Marxism and Realism in International Relationships In the sphere of international politics, the primary opponent of Marxism was probably political realism - the central IR doctrine during the Cold War.
• Marxism Philosophy, a Constitutional Republic and American Criminal Justice This essay demonstrates how the teachings of Marx are useful in revealing the faults of American constitutionalism and the criminal justice system.
• Marxism: Speech for the Presentation About Marxism The paper will tell about Marxism, its history, fundamental theories, and principles, as well as its significance for the world and science.
• Difference Between Liberal and Marxist Understandings of Human Freedom Marxist and Liberalist ideas are not compatible with the modern forms of political governance since they were developed and implemented at critical historical times.
• Ideological Beliefs for Liberals, Marxists, and Conservatives The purpose of the paper is to discuss different political doctrines: liberalism, Marxism, and conservatism, and pay special attention to their ideological beliefs.
• Marxism, Fascism, Capitalism, Socialism, and Liberalism Concepts This essay will intend to discuss the essence of Marxism, fascism, capitalism, socialism, and liberalism concepts and clarify the difference between them.
• Marx and Waltz Philosophy Comparison Ideology is the frame of reference through which an individual sees the world and defined to be the total sum of a combination of values, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations.
• Marxism: Understanding the Times This paper is an annotated bibliography of the five articles that review different aspects of the marxism ideology.
• Free Marxism, Global Capitalism and the Human Being as a Commodity
• Marxism, Crypto-Marxism and the Political Economy of Capitalism
• Marxism Philosophy and Modern Communism
• Economic and Social Values of Marxism to Communism
• Lenin’s Radical Philosophy Favored a Modified Marxism
• Marxism and Existential Nihilism: An Analysis of Political Intention
• Free Will Agency According to Marxism and Free Market Capitalism
• Marxism Today and the Unmaking of the British Working Class
• Marxism, Crisis, and Economic Laws
• Marxism and Its Effects on the World‘s Republic of China
• Factors That Hindered the Success of Marxism in Russia
• Marxism, Neo-Marxism, and Their Fallacies
• Ecological Economics, Marxism, and Technological Progress
• Dehumanization: Marxism and Modern Era
• Karl Marx: Marxism and Contemporary Society
• Marxism and Its Contribution to the World Politics
• Marxism, Global Capitalism and the Human Being as a Commodity
• Economism and Marxism’s Vulnerability
• Marxism the Resource Mobilization Theory and General Economics
• Marxism and Economic Liberalism a Comparison Politics
• Comparing and Contrasting Functionalism and Marxism
• Marxism: View of Ideal Societies
• Marxism’s Influence and the Great Leap Forward
• Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: An Agenda
• Karl Marx and Marxism on Modern Thought and Society
• Marxism Will Not Return as a Major Ideology in the 21st Century
• Marxism and Anarchism: The Concepts of Concentration Versus Decentralization
• Differences Between Capitalism and Marxism
• Marxism: The Economic Basis of Being Human
• The Emergence and Spread of Marxism in the United States
• The Difference Between Capitalism and Marxism
• Analysis Class Conflict and Marxism
• Analytical Marxism and the Marxian Theory of Crisis
• Bureaucrats, Subordinates, and the Failure of Soviet Marxism
• Marxism’s Tools for Contemporary International Relations
• Analysis Marxism Political Economy
• European History: Marxism and Darwinism
• Lenin and His Views on Marxism
• International Political Economy Interpreted Through Nationalism, Liberalism, and Marxism
• The Best Political Philosophy Is Marxism
• Why Did Western Europe Never Fully Envelope Marxism?
• How Does Marxism Explain the Role of Education in Society?
• How Did the Russian Marxism Movement Evolve in the Period?
• Who Followed Marxism More?
• What Walrasian Marxism Can and Cannot Do?
• How Did Lenin Revise Marxism?
• Why Has Marxism Been Neglected for International Relations?
• How Did Lenin Add to Marxism up to 1905, and With What Consequences?
• Has Post-Marxist and Critical Theory Strengthened Marxism?
• Why Has Marxism Been So Popular Among Latin American Intellectuals?
• What Are the Concepts of Marxism and Feminism?
• How Important Was Marxism for the Development of Mozambique and Angola?
• How Did Marxism and Socialism Challenge the Status Quo in Russia at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century?
• What Is the Link Between Marxism and Social Justice?
• What Role Does Culture Play in Western Marxism
• Does Marxism Adequately Explain the 1917 Russian Revolution?
• What Is Cultural Marxism?
• Can Feminism and Marxism Come Together?
• What Does Marxism Tell Us About Economic Globalisation Today?
• How Much Did Stalin Deviate From Marxism?
• What Is the Link Between Marxism and the Revolutionary Tradition?

Cite this page

Select style

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

DemoEssays. (2024, May 25). 69 Marxism Research Topics & Essay Examples. https://demoessays.com/topics/marxism-research-topics/

"69 Marxism Research Topics & Essay Examples." DemoEssays , 25 May 2024, demoessays.com/topics/marxism-research-topics/.

DemoEssays . (2024) '69 Marxism Research Topics & Essay Examples'. 25 May.

DemoEssays . 2024. "69 Marxism Research Topics & Essay Examples." May 25, 2024. https://demoessays.com/topics/marxism-research-topics/.

1. DemoEssays . "69 Marxism Research Topics & Essay Examples." May 25, 2024. https://demoessays.com/topics/marxism-research-topics/.

Bibliography

DemoEssays . "69 Marxism Research Topics & Essay Examples." May 25, 2024. https://demoessays.com/topics/marxism-research-topics/.

Marxism - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Marxism is a social, political, and economic theory originated by Karl Marx, which focuses on the struggle between capitalists and the working class. Essays might explore the principles of Marxism, its historical influence on political and economic systems, and its relevancy in contemporary political discourse. Discussions could also cover criticisms of Marxism and its various interpretations and adaptations. We have collected a large number of free essay examples about Marxism you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Positives and Negatives of Marxism

Many people believe that 'there is no place for the political doctrine of Karl Marx in 2018'. While this statement sounds sensible and reasonable, some people think that it may be a little unfair to generalize all of Marx's beliefs as being negative and absurd. Negatives of Marxism One of the downsides of Marxism is its attempt to abrogate religion. The reason it does this is because one of the key features of Marxism is to have everyone be fully […]

Cinderella Marxism

Introduction Disney is a mega media conglomerate that has been creating children entertainment since the companies first animation Steamboat Willie in 1928. Disney and its ideologies have evolved significantly since its inaugural year. Walt Disney understood that education wasn't limited to being taught in school systems. Walt knew that popular culture had a strong role in the forming of youth minds and that he could use that to instill values to them. (Giroux 2010) Disney has produced many children shows […]

Capitalism According to Marx and Engel

Capitalism according to Marx and Engel in the communist manifesto is viewed as a class-based model in the society where individuals are divided into classes based on wealth. The class separation results in class struggle and competition. The capitalism system first causes exploitation of those providing labour that according to Marx and Engel belongs to the proletariat. Because the middle class or the bourgeoisie are in control of everything, including the means of production, the market, politics, and laws of […]

We will write an essay sample crafted to your needs.

Functionalism and Neo-Marxism

Functionalism and Neo-Marxism / Conflict theory are two major theories in sociology that have had a great impact on sociological developments over time. Throughout this paper, the basic principles and world view of each of these theories will be covered, as well as some of their weaknesses. Similarities and differences of the two will be elaborated upon, in addition to how they relate to the present-day social issue of homelessness. The paper will conclude with a few closing thoughts on […]

What is Marxism?

Karl Heinrich Marx (1818-1883) was a radical social theorist, whose thoughts on social, economic and political systems are generally referred to as "Marxism" (Honderich, 1995). The basic tenets of Marxist philosophy are predicated on Marx's theory of history, which regards human history as a continuous struggle between socio-economic classes (Witt, et al, 1980). According to Marx, a particular class could rule over the rest of society only so long as that class best represented the economically productive forces of that […]

Social Conflict Theory and the Hunger Games

To maintain a sufficient society, the members of the population must abide by the accepted norms of behavior. In several instances, norms are typically enforced rather consistently. On the other hand, the rules that the society agreed upon are much more meaningful. They are arranged into laws, which are then executed by the government. In a totalitarian society, however, all the authority lies in the control of the ruling administration. The government itself decides what these norms are and enables […]

Marxism Analysis

Categorized as the father of communism, Karl Marx shared many beliefs as an economist, journalist, theorist and most importantly a philosopher. As a fellow Hegelian, Marx believed in the dialectical method, the thought of implementing a new idea with an old one to create a new principle. His critique that dialectics should not accept the world of metaphysical but the world of production justifies his exploitation of social classes and their struggles. Many of Marx's writings focus on the economic […]

Marxism is the Arrangement of Communism

Karl Max is a German philosopher and socialist. He work has everlastingly affected the field of human science in that his perspectives opened the way to the investigation of how one's social class impacts one's beneficial encounters and life shots. His work additionally opened the entryway for some contrasting points of view on the issue of the well off and the poor in the public eye. Karl is the man behind the theory Marxism. Marxism is the focus on social […]

The Flowers by Alice Walker

Written in the 1970's The Blooms is set in the significant south of America and is about Myop, a little 10-year old African American young woman who examines the grounds in which she lives. Walker explores how Myop reacts in different conditions. She forms from a third-individual perspective of Myop's examination. In the underlying two area Walker obviously underlines Myop's faultlessness and energetic chastity. She skipped delicately from hen house to pigpen. This shows how lively Myop is in this […]

Marxism and Malthusian Theories

Introduction The problem to the issue of giving out socialist ideas is the perception that poverty is something natural to human beings. It is usually caused as a result of rapid growth in population that surpasses the amount of food produced. This was basically what was stipulated by Thomas Malthus in his publication titled the principle of population as it affects the future improvement of society that was released in 1978. Malthus was one of the famous ancient political economists […]

Marxism in Relation to Native Americans

Throughout his whole life, Karl Marx believed that society should work together to better the country. Everyone would work unconditionally in order to support the country and make sure that no citizen was left behind without reservations. One of Karl Marx’s beliefs was that private property was the destruction of capitalism. Native Americans did not have a political structure in place when the Europeans first came the new world. They did not own private property, and everyone worked to make […]

the Significance of World War i (Wwi) in International Relations

The occurrence of World War I at the beginning of the 20th century was a central event that fundamentally changed the political structure of Europe. Analysis of World War I via international relations provides a variety of multitudes of theories to describe the conflict and the war itself. These theories include realism, liberalism, constructivism. It is a foundational case for the theories of international relations that address the causes of war in which they address the deterrence, balance of power, […]

Divergent Marxism

Friedrich Engels outlines a theory of communism that demands a violent revolution for its fulfillment in his 1848 Principles of Communism. He considers the state of modern European workers, characterized in his work by propertylessness and a lack of security, to be more deplorable than ever before. Although he claims that a peaceful revolution is preferable, he also insists repeatedly that violent revolution is inevitable because of the actions of those opposed to communist ideals. Edward Bernstein, a German socialist […]

Marxism-Leninism: the Fusion of Theory and Practice

When delving into the ideologies that have shaped the modern world, few have left as profound an impact as Marxism-Leninism. It's a term that's bandied about frequently, often with varying interpretations depending on the speaker's perspective. To truly understand its nuances, one must examine its roots in Marxist theory and the practical applications introduced by Lenin, examining the bridge between philosophy and action it represents. Karl Marx, the German philosopher, economist, and sociologist, laid the groundwork with his critiques of […]

Elements of Marxism

In Marxism, Karl Marx intended that the industrialist Bourgeoisie, upper class, hardheartedly misused the Proletariats, which were known as the lower class. Marx made a point that the work completed by the Proletariats made awesome riches for the Bourgeoisie. The items made the in production line were sold for more than the estimation of the work itself. In literature, authors included these elements of Marxism. In the story Candide, the main character faced the everyday challenges of being proletariat in […]

Marxism Revealed: “World of Tomorrow” Don Hertzfeldt

After engaging with the rigorous content of Don Hertzfeldt, "World of Tomorrow", it became clear that most of our actions and even aspirations are predetermined. In Hertzfeldt's "World of Tomorrow" death is an inescapable reality, through means of cloning and the stories focus Emily and her interactions with a future generation Emily. Marxism is present through the lack of class, ideologies on a contorted perception of death and love, as well without death individuals are continually worked, for the "greater […]

The Emergence of Communism

To begin, Communism or the Marxist theory was founded Karl Marx, a German philosopher who turned turned to journalism after being turned down for teaching jobs due to his political views. Marx’s investigations as a journalist led him to believe that there was systemic injustice and corruption in Germany where he lived. Leaving Germany a few years later, Marx met an old friend named Friedrich Engles in Paris, where they would soon collaborate and write the book: Manifesto of the […]

Theories Behind Marxism Revealed

Karl Marx, a German born philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist, and journalist, is best known for his published works that form the basis of Marxism (Ideology: A Marxist Perspective.) Marxism is a political and economic theory in which the concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding society's inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism (Ideology: A Marxist Perspective.) Within this there are two apparatuses that come into the bigger picture; RSA, also known as repressive state apparatuses […]

The most Influential and Controversial Sociologists

Karl Marx is considered to be one of the most influential and controversial sociologists of all time. Marx was born in Prussia in the year 1818 to Jewish parents. His father was a successful lawyer, devoted to the struggle for a Prussian constitution. Both his Jewish heritage and father’s occupation contributed to Marx’s standpoint. His Jewish background exposed him to prejudice and discrimination that may have led to a longing for social change. He first studied law like his father, […]

Revolutions in Western Civilization

Throughout time Europe has usually stayed tense with each other due to greed and poor leadership. With this tension and poor leadership, it can cause the citizens within the nation to become disgruntled. Revolutions are actually very common throughout history and often don't meet the approval of everyone involved. History is a tool to give people experience over events that they don't personally have to go through. We have seen revolutionary leaders attempt to use similar events to help aid […]

Additional Example Essays

• Oedipus is a Tragic Hero
• Medieval Romance "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"
• Personal Narrative: My Family Genogram
• The Road not Taken Poem Analysis
• Gender Roles in the Great Gatsby
• Comparison Of Introverts VS Extroverts
• Don Marquis's View On Abortion
• Revolutionary Mothers by Carol Berkin: Women's Unsung Roles in the American Revolution
• Personal Philosophy In Teaching
• Plato: The Good Life
• Who is a Better Leader Jack or Ralph?
• A Thousand Splendid Suns Report

1. Tell Us Your Requirements

2. Pick your perfect writer

3. Get Your Paper and Pay

Hi! I'm Amy, your personal assistant!

Don't know where to start? Give me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert.

short deadlines

100% Plagiarism-Free

Certified writers

Articles on Marxism

Displaying 1 - 20 of 57 articles.

We can only dream up a better future when we dig into the unfinished past

Filippo Menozzi , Liverpool John Moores University

The art of ‘getting lost’: how re-discovering your city can be an antidote to capitalism

Stephen Dobson , CQUniversity Australia

Lydia Davis’ amusing, insightful stories address the estrangements of everyday life – and resist the hollowing of language

Tamlyn Avery , The University of Queensland

When Marx met Confucius: Xi Jinping’s attempt to influence China’s intellectual loyalties has met with a mixed reception at home and abroad

Tao Zhang , Nottingham Trent University

Is equality compatible with the nuclear family? Alva Gotby proposes a radical politics of friendship

Roger Patulny , Monash University

Sorry prime minister, Joe Biden was right – Xi Jinping really is a ‘dictator’

Nicholas Khoo , University of Otago

No, BlackRock is not leading a Marxist assault on capitalism

Carl Rhodes , University of Technology Sydney

Friday essay: could a reinterpreted Marxism have solutions to our unprecedented environmental crisis?

Jeff Sparrow , The University of Melbourne

Economic growth is fuelling climate change – a new book proposes ‘degrowth communism’ as the solution

Timothée Parrique , Lund University

Non-racial South Africa: book shows debate on nation building is still relevant today

Edward Webster , University of the Witwatersrand

Ousmane Sembène at 100: a tribute to Senegal’s ‘father of African cinema’

David Murphy , University of Strathclyde

Racism in South Africa: why the ANC has failed to dismantle patterns of white privilege

Mandisi Majavu , Rhodes University

South African shack dwellers show how grassroots democracy is done

Edward Webster , University of the Witwatersrand and Bukiwe Tambulu , University of the Witwatersrand

Former minister’s memoir is a candid critique of South Africa’s political economy

Mills Soko , University of the Witwatersrand

The history of protest songs in Tunisia and their link to popular culture

Alessia Carnevale , Sapienza University of Rome

Book excerpt: ‘Misconceptions about Vietnam’

Hien Do Benoit , Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM)

Bill Freund 1944-2020 : a professor who wore the weight of history lightly

David B. Moore , University of Johannesburg

Is ‘cultural Marxism’ really taking over universities? I crunched some numbers to find out

Matthew Sharpe , Deakin University

‘From each according to ability; to each according to need’ – tracing the biblical roots of socialism’s enduring slogan

Luc Bovens , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Militant optimism: a state of mind that can help us find hope in dark times

Related topics.

• African National Congress (ANC)
• Book reviews
• Peacebuilding

Top contributors

Distinguished Reserach Professor, Southern Centre for Inequality Studies, University of the Witwatersrand

Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies, Emerson College

Academic Tutor and Year One Coordinator in International Studies, University of Nottingham

Lecturer in Postcolonial and World Literature, Liverpool John Moores University

Senior Lecturer, Goldsmiths, University of London

Professor, Hong Kong Baptist University

Lecturer, Centre for Advancing Journalism, The University of Melbourne

Political Scientist, University of the Western Cape

Adjunct professor, University of Technology Sydney

Lecturer in Management and Organisation Studies, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester

Lecturer in Work, Employment, Organisation & Public Policy, University of Bristol

Associate Professor in Philosophy, Australian Catholic University

Professor, University of Leeds

Senior Lecturer in Business and Economic History, University of Dundee

Professor of World Politics, SOAS, University of London

• X (Twitter)
• Unfollow topic Follow topic

The history and ideas of Marxism: the relevance for OR

• General Paper
• Published: 03 October 2007
• Volume 59 , pages 1573–1590, ( 2008 )

Cite this article

• R J Ormerod 1  

257 Accesses

10 Citations

Explore all metrics

The paper examines the origins of Marxism in Europe in the second half of the 19th century in the context of the industrial and political revolutions of the previous century. The philosophical, economic, social and ethical ideas of Marxism are explained and critiqued. It is suggested that although many of Marx's predictions have proved wrong and the application of his ideas often disastrous, his concern for the exploited and his emphasis on the dynamic of change still has relevance today for OR. The paper explores where that relevance lies and how advantage might be taken of the insights Marx's analysis of society offers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Karl Marx: New Perspectives

Raya Dunayevskaya’s Emancipatory Marxism

Beer S (1981). The Brain of the Firm, 2nd edn. Wiley: Chichester, UK.

Google Scholar  

Berlin I (1948). Karl Marx: His Life and Environment, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Bottomore T (ed). (1991). A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.

Bottomore T (2002). The Frankfurt School and its Critics. Routledge: London (Page numbers refer to (2002). Routledge: London).

Carew Hunt RN (1950). The Theory and Practice of Communism. Geoffrey Bles: London (page numbers refer to (1963) Penguin: Harmondsworth).

Córdoba J-R and Midgley G (2006). Broadening the boundaries: An application of critical systems thinking to IS planning in Colombia. J Opl Res Soc 57: 1064–1080.

Article   Google Scholar  

Dando MR and Bennett PG (1981). A Kuhnian crisis in management science. J Opl Res Soc 32: 91–103.

Engels F (1869). Karl Marx. Die Zukunft. No. 185, August 11. English translation quoted from: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/bio/marx/eng-1869.htm .

Engels F (1877). Anti-Dühring. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1877/anti-duhring/ .

Espejo R and Harnden R (1989). The Viable System Model: Interpretations and Applications of Stafford Beer's VSM. Wiley: Chichester, UK.

Flood RL and Jackson MC (1991). Creative Problem Solving: Total Systems Intervention. Wiley: Chichester, UK.

Forester J (1989). Planning in the Face of Power. University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles.

Giddens A and Held D (1982). Classes, Power, and Conflict: Classical and Contemporary Debates. University of California Press: Berkeley.

Book   Google Scholar  

Gingrich P (2006). http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/ .

Hobsbawm EJ (1962). The Age of Revolution: 1789–1848. Weidenfeld and Nicolson: London (page numbers in the text refer to the paperback edition (2000) Phoenix Press: London).

Hughes HS (1958). Consciousness and Society. Knopf: New York.

Israel JI (2001). Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650–1750. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Jackson MC (1982). The nature of ‘soft' systems thinking: The work of Churchman, Ackoff and Checkland. J Appl Syst Anal 9: 17–29.

Jackson MC (1985). Social systems and practice: The need for a critical approach. International Journal of General Systems 10: 135–151 Available in Flood RL and Jackson MC (eds). (1991). Critical Systems Thinking . Wiley: Chichester, pp 117–138.

Jackson MC (2000). Systems Approaches to Management. Kluwer: Boston.

Jackson MC, Keys P and Cropper SA (1989). Operational Research and the Social Sciences. Plenum: New York.

Jay M (1973). The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research 1923–1950. University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA (page numbers refer to 1996 California Paperback edition).

Lawrence J.R. (ed) (1996). Operational Research and the Social Sciences. Tavistock: London.

Marx E (1883). Karl Marx. http://www.marxists.org/archive/eleanor-marx/1883/06/karl-marx.htm .

Marx KH (1847). The Poverty of Philosophy. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/poverty-philosophy/ .

Marx KH (1852). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1852/18th-brumaire/ch01.htm .

Marx KH (1859). A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/index.htm .

Marx KH (1867). Das Kapital Vol. I. (published in German). First published in English as Capital Vol. I in 1887. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ .

Marx KH (1875). Critique of the Gotha Programme. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1875/gotha/ .

Marx KH and Engels F (1848). The Communist Manifesto. Reprinted many times with different prefaces by Marx and Engles. A version is available at http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htm .

McLellan D. (ed) (1992). Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: The Communist Manifesto. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

McLellan D. (ed) (1995a). Karl Marx, Capital: A New Abridgement. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

McLellan D (1995b). Marxist philosophy. In: Honderich T. (ed). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press: Oxford.

Mingers J (1980). Towards an appropriate social theory for applied systems thinking: Critical theory and soft systems methodology. J Appl Syst Anal 7: 41–50.

Mingers J (1984). Subjectivism and soft systems methodology—A critique. J Appl Syst Anal 11: 85–103.

Mingers J and Gill A (1997). Multimethodology: The Theory and Practice of Integrating Methodologies. John Wiley and Son: Chichester.

Munro I and Mingers J (2004). Response to Richard Ormerod. J Opl Res Soc 55: 90–93.

Ormerod RJ (1997). The role of OR in shaping the future: Smart bits, helpful ways and things that matter. J Opl Res Soc 48: 1045–1056.

Ormerod RJ (2006). The history and ideas of pragmatism. J Opl Res Soc 57: 892–909.

Popper KR (1963). Conjectures and Refutations. Routledge & Kegan Paul: London.

Rattansi A (1982). Marx and the Division of Labour. Macmillan: London.

Roberts JM (2002). The New Penguin History of the World, 4th edn. Penguin: London.

Rosenhead J (1986). Custom and practice. J Opl Res Soc 37: 335–344.

Rosenhead J (1987). From management science to workers science. In: Jackson M.C. and Keys P. (eds). New Directions in Management Science. Gower: Aldershot, pp. 109–131.

Rosenhead J (1989). Operational research at the crossroads: Cecil Gordon and the development of post-war OR. J Opl Res Soc 40: 3–28.

Rosenhead J (2003). Obituary: Stafford Beer. J Opl Res Soc 54: 1231–1233.

Rosenhead J and Thurnhurst (1982). A materialist analysis of operational research. J Opl Res Soc 33: 111–122.

Thomas AR and Lockett M (1979). Marxism and systems research: Values in practical action. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the International Society for General Research. Available in Flood RL and Jackson MC (eds) (1991). Critical Systems Thinking: Directed Readings. Wiley: Chichester, pp 85–102.

Tucker KH Jr. (2002). Classical Social Theory: A Contemporary Approach. Blackwell: Malden, MA.

Ulrich W (1983). Critical Heuristics of Social Planning: A New Approach to Practical Philosophy. Haupt: Bern (The 1994 edition, Wiley: Chichester, is referred to here).

Ulrich W (2003). Beyond methodology choice: Critical systems thinking as critically systemic discourse. J Opl Res Soc 54: 325–342.

Walsh M and Hostick T (2005). Improving health care through community OR. J Opl Res Soc 56: 193–201.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Cathal Brugha, Michael Jackson, George Mitchell and Werner Ulrich for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of the paper.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

R J Ormerod

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R J Ormerod .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Ormerod, R. The history and ideas of Marxism: the relevance for OR. J Oper Res Soc 59 , 1573–1590 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602495

Download citation

Received : 01 June 2006

Accepted : 01 June 2007

Published : 03 October 2007

Issue Date : 01 December 2008

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602495

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• philosophy of OR
• history of ideas
• process of OR
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research

Special Features

Vendor voice.

Personal Tech

Two big computer vision papers boost prospect of safer self-driving vehicles

New chip and camera technology bring closer potential of hands-free road time.

Like nuclear fusion and jet-packs, the self-driving car is a long-promised technology that has stalled for years - yet armed with research, boffins think they have created potential improvements.

Citizens of Phoenix, San Francisco, and Los Angeles are able to take one of Waymo's self-driving taxis, first introduced to the public in December 2020. But they have not been without their glitches. Just last month in San Francisco, for example, one of the taxi service's autonomous vehicles drove down the wrong side of the street to pass a unicycle. In December last year, a Waymo vehicle hit a backwards-facing pickup truck , resulting in a report with the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and a software update.

But this week, not one but two groups of researchers bidding to improve the performance of self-driving cars and other autonomous vehicles have published papers in the international science journal Nature.

A design for a new chip geared towards autonomous vehicles has arrived from China. Tsinghua University's Luping Shi and colleagues have taken inspiration from the human visual system by both combining low-accuracy, fast event-based detection with more accurate, but slower visualization of an image.

The researchers were able to show the chip — dubbed Tianmouc — could process pixel arrays quickly and robustly in an automotive driving perception system.

In a paper published today, the authors said: "We demonstrate the integration of a Tianmouc chip into an autonomous driving system, showcasing its abilities to enable accurate, fast and robust perception, even in challenging corner cases on open roads. The primitive-based complementary sensing paradigm helps in overcoming fundamental limitations in developing vision systems for diverse open-world applications."

In a separate paper, Davide Scaramuzza, University of Zurich robotics and perception professor, and his colleagues adopt a similar hybrid approach but apply it to camera technologies.

Youtube Video

Cameras for self-driving vehicles navigate a trade-off between bandwidth and latency. While high-res color cameras have good resolution, they require high bandwidth to detect rapid changes. Conversely, reducing the bandwidth increases latency, affecting the timely processing of data for potentially life-saving decision making.

To get out of this bind, the Swiss-based researchers developed a hybrid camera combining event processing with high-bandwidth image processing. Events cameras only record intensity changes, and report them as sparse measurements, meaning the system does not suffer from the bandwidth/latency trade-off.

The event camera is used to detect changes in the blind time between image frames using events. Event data converted into a graph, which changes over time and connects nearby points, is computed locally. The resulting hybrid object detector reduces the detection time in dangerous high-speed situations, according to an explanatory video.

Among AI infrastructure hopefuls, Qualcomm has become an unlikely ally

• GhostStripe attack haunts self-driving cars by making them ignore road signs
• Boston Dynamics' humanoid Atlas is dead, long live the ... new commercial Atlas
• US military pulls the trigger, uses AI to target air strikes

In their paper , the authors say: "Our method exploits the high temporal resolution and sparsity of events and the rich but low temporal resolution information in standard images to generate efficient, high-rate object detections, reducing perceptual and computational latency."

They argue their use of a 20 frames per second RGB camera plus an event camera can achieve the same latency as a 5,000-fps camera with the bandwidth of a 45-fps camera without compromising accuracy.

"Our approach paves the way for efficient and robust perception in edge-case scenarios by uncovering the potential of event cameras," the authors write.

With a hybrid approach to both cameras and data processing in the offing, more widespread adoption of self-driving vehicles may be just around the corner. ®

Narrower topics

• Large Language Model
• Machine Learning
• Neural Networks
• Tensor Processing Unit

Broader topics

• Self-driving Car

Send us news

Other stories you might like

Ai smartphones must balance promise against hype and privacy concerns, will windows drive a pc refresh everyone's talking about ai, prepare your audits: eu commission approves first-of-its-kind ai act, building cheaper, greener 5g networks.

AI chip sales predicted to jump by a third this year – then cool off

Using ai in science can add to reproducibility woes, say boffins, top ai players pledge to pull the plug on models that present intolerable risk, big brains divided over training ai with more ai: is model collapse inevitable, google finally addresses those bizarre ai search results, mit professor hoses down predictions ai will put a rocket under the economy, by 2030, software developers will be using ai to cut their workload 'in half'.

• Advertise with us

Our Websites

• The Next Platform
• Blocks and Files

Your Privacy

• Cookies Policy
• Privacy Policy
• Ts & Cs

Copyright. All rights reserved © 1998–2024

Suggestions or feedback?

MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

• Machine learning
• Social justice
• Black holes
• Classes and programs

Departments

• Aeronautics and Astronautics
• Brain and Cognitive Sciences
• Architecture
• Political Science
• Mechanical Engineering

Centers, Labs, & Programs

• Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)
• Picower Institute for Learning and Memory
• Lincoln Laboratory
• School of Architecture + Planning
• School of Engineering
• School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences
• Sloan School of Management
• School of Science
• MIT Schwarzman College of Computing

Modular, scalable hardware architecture for a quantum computer

Press contact :, media download.

*Terms of Use:

Images for download on the MIT News office website are made available to non-commercial entities, press and the general public under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives license . You may not alter the images provided, other than to crop them to size. A credit line must be used when reproducing images; if one is not provided below, credit the images to "MIT."

Previous image Next image

Quantum computers hold the promise of being able to quickly solve extremely complex problems that might take the world’s most powerful supercomputer decades to crack.

But achieving that performance involves building a system with millions of interconnected building blocks called qubits. Making and controlling so many qubits in a hardware architecture is an enormous challenge that scientists around the world are striving to meet.

Toward this goal, researchers at MIT and MITRE have demonstrated a scalable, modular hardware platform that integrates thousands of interconnected qubits onto a customized integrated circuit. This “quantum-system-on-chip” (QSoC) architecture enables the researchers to precisely tune and control a dense array of qubits. Multiple chips could be connected using optical networking to create a large-scale quantum communication network.

By tuning qubits across 11 frequency channels, this QSoC architecture allows for a new proposed protocol of “entanglement multiplexing” for large-scale quantum computing.

The team spent years perfecting an intricate process for manufacturing two-dimensional arrays of atom-sized qubit microchiplets and transferring thousands of them onto a carefully prepared complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip. This transfer can be performed in a single step.

“We will need a large number of qubits, and great control over them, to really leverage the power of a quantum system and make it useful. We are proposing a brand new architecture and a fabrication technology that can support the scalability requirements of a hardware system for a quantum computer,” says Linsen Li, an electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) graduate student and lead author of a paper on this architecture.

Li’s co-authors include Ruonan Han, an associate professor in EECS, leader of the Terahertz Integrated Electronics Group, and member of the Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE); senior author Dirk Englund, professor of EECS, principal investigator of the Quantum Photonics and Artificial Intelligence Group and of RLE; as well as others at MIT, Cornell University, the Delft Institute of Technology, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, and the MITRE Corporation. The paper appears today in Nature .

Diamond microchiplets

While there are many types of qubits, the researchers chose to use diamond color centers because of their scalability advantages. They previously used such qubits to produce integrated quantum chips with photonic circuitry.

Qubits made from diamond color centers are “artificial atoms” that carry quantum information. Because diamond color centers are solid-state systems, the qubit manufacturing is compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication processes. They are also compact and have relatively long coherence times, which refers to the amount of time a qubit’s state remains stable, due to the clean environment provided by the diamond material.

In addition, diamond color centers have photonic interfaces which allows them to be remotely entangled, or connected, with other qubits that aren’t adjacent to them.

“The conventional assumption in the field is that the inhomogeneity of the diamond color center is a drawback compared to identical quantum memory like ions and neutral atoms. However, we turn this challenge into an advantage by embracing the diversity of the artificial atoms: Each atom has its own spectral frequency. This allows us to communicate with individual atoms by voltage tuning them into resonance with a laser, much like tuning the dial on a tiny radio,” says Englund.

This is especially difficult because the researchers must achieve this at a large scale to compensate for the qubit inhomogeneity in a large system.

To communicate across qubits, they need to have multiple such “quantum radios” dialed into the same channel. Achieving this condition becomes near-certain when scaling to thousands of qubits. To this end, the researchers surmounted that challenge by integrating a large array of diamond color center qubits onto a CMOS chip which provides the control dials. The chip can be incorporated with built-in digital logic that rapidly and automatically reconfigures the voltages, enabling the qubits to reach full connectivity.

“This compensates for the in-homogenous nature of the system. With the CMOS platform, we can quickly and dynamically tune all the qubit frequencies,” Li explains.

Lock-and-release fabrication

To build this QSoC, the researchers developed a fabrication process to transfer diamond color center “microchiplets” onto a CMOS backplane at a large scale.

They started by fabricating an array of diamond color center microchiplets from a solid block of diamond. They also designed and fabricated nanoscale optical antennas that enable more efficient collection of the photons emitted by these color center qubits in free space.

Then, they designed and mapped out the chip from the semiconductor foundry. Working in the MIT.nano cleanroom, they post-processed a CMOS chip to add microscale sockets that match up with the diamond microchiplet array.

They built an in-house transfer setup in the lab and applied a lock-and-release process to integrate the two layers by locking the diamond microchiplets into the sockets on the CMOS chip. Since the diamond microchiplets are weakly bonded to the diamond surface, when they release the bulk diamond horizontally, the microchiplets stay in the sockets.

“Because we can control the fabrication of both the diamond and the CMOS chip, we can make a complementary pattern. In this way, we can transfer thousands of diamond chiplets into their corresponding sockets all at the same time,” Li says.

The researchers demonstrated a 500-micron by 500-micron area transfer for an array with 1,024 diamond nanoantennas, but they could use larger diamond arrays and a larger CMOS chip to further scale up the system. In fact, they found that with more qubits, tuning the frequencies actually requires less voltage for this architecture.

“In this case, if you have more qubits, our architecture will work even better,” Li says.

The team tested many nanostructures before they determined the ideal microchiplet array for the lock-and-release process. However, making quantum microchiplets is no easy task, and the process took years to perfect.

“We have iterated and developed the recipe to fabricate these diamond nanostructures in MIT cleanroom, but it is a very complicated process. It took 19 steps of nanofabrication to get the diamond quantum microchiplets, and the steps were not straightforward,” he adds.

Alongside their QSoC, the researchers developed an approach to characterize the system and measure its performance on a large scale. To do this, they built a custom cryo-optical metrology setup.

Using this technique, they demonstrated an entire chip with over 4,000 qubits that could be tuned to the same frequency while maintaining their spin and optical properties. They also built a digital twin simulation that connects the experiment with digitized modeling, which helps them understand the root causes of the observed phenomenon and determine how to efficiently implement the architecture.

In the future, the researchers could boost the performance of their system by refining the materials they used to make qubits or developing more precise control processes. They could also apply this architecture to other solid-state quantum systems.

This work was supported by the MITRE Corporation Quantum Moonshot Program, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Army Research Office, the Center for Quantum Networks, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program.

Share this news article on:

Related links.

• Quantum Photonics and AI Laboratory
• Terahertz Integrated Electronics Group
• Research Laboratory of Electronics
• Microsystems Technology Laboratories
• Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Related Topics

• Computer science and technology
• Quantum computing
• Electronics
• Semiconductors
• Electrical Engineering & Computer Science (eecs)
• National Science Foundation (NSF)

Related Articles

Scaling up the quantum chip

Quantum sensing on a chip

Toward mass-producible quantum computers

Previous item Next item

More MIT News

A technique for more effective multipurpose robots

Read full story →

MIT Corporation elects 10 term members, two life members

Diane Hoskins ’79: How going off-track can lead new SA+P graduates to become integrators of ideas

Chancellor Melissa Nobles’ address to MIT’s undergraduate Class of 2024

Noubar Afeyan PhD ’87 gives new MIT graduates a special assignment

President Sally Kornbluth’s charge to the Class of 2024

• More news on MIT News homepage →

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA

• Map (opens in new window)
• Events (opens in new window)
• People (opens in new window)
• Careers (opens in new window)
• Accessibility
• Social Media Hub
• MIT on Facebook
• MIT on YouTube
• MIT on Instagram