cover letters meaning in tagalog

Creating a Cover Letter Template in Filipino (Tagalog): A Simple Guide

In the bustling job market of the Philippines, understanding the cultural nuances and expectations can be the key to success. How does one craft a cover letter that aligns with the Filipino (Tagalog) hiring culture? This article aims to guide you through the process of writing a Filipino (Tagalog) cover letter, taking into account the unique characteristics of the Filipino job market, such as high regard for formality, respect, and strong interpersonal relations.

All cover letter examples in this guide

Sample Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog) Presentation

Mahal kong Ginoo/Ginang,

Nais kong ipahayag ang aking malalim na interes sa posisyong inaalok ninyo, na aking nalaman sa inyong website. Ako po ay may malawak na karanasan at mga kasanayan na maaaring magdala ng positibong pagbabago sa inyong kumpanya.

Sa aking higit sa limang taong karanasan bilang isang Sales Associate, natutunan ko ang kahalagahan ng mahusay na customer service at kung paano ito maipapakita sa pamamagitan ng mahusay na komunikasyon at interpersonal na mga kasanayan. Ang mga kasanayang ito ay direktang nag-uugnay sa mga kinakailangan ng inyong kumpanya, at naniniwala ako na ang aking kakayahan ay magbibigay ng malaking tulong sa inyong koponan.

Sa aking nakaraang papel bilang Sales Associate, nagawa kong madagdagan ang aming mga benta ng 20% sa loob ng isang taon. Sa pamamagitan ng aking determinasyon at sipag, natutunan kong higit pang paunlarin ang aking kasanayan at maging epektibo sa aking trabaho. Naniniwala ako na ang aking mga tagumpay sa nakaraan ay magbibigay ng malaking benepisyo para sa inyong kumpanya.

Kilala ko ang inyong kumpanya bilang isa sa mga nangunguna sa industriya at kilala sa pagbibigay ng mahusay na serbisyo sa mga customer. Sa aking karanasan at kakayahan, naniniwala ako na ako ang nararapat na kandidato para sa posisyong ito at na aking magagampanan ang mga inaasahan ng inyong kumpanya.

Nawa'y magkaroon tayo ng pagkakataon na makapagusap nang mas malalim ukol sa aking kwalipikasyon at kung paano ko ito magagamit para sa inyong kumpanya. Nagpapasalamat ako sa inyong pagtanggap at pagsusuri sa aking aplikasyon.

Lubos na gumagalang,

[Inyong Pangalan]

Handy Phrases to Use When Writing a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog) and their Translations

In this article, you'll find a compilation of helpful terms related to writing a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog). These terms are translated into Filipino (Tagalog) to aid you in creating a more authentic and effective Cover Letter.

• Education - Edukasyon
• Skills - Kakayahan
• Internship - Internship
• Work Experience - Karanasan sa Trabaho
• Qualifications - Kwalipikasyon
• References - Mga Reperensiya
• Position - Posisyon
• Employer - Employer
• Salary Expectations - Inaasahang Sahod
• Achievements - Mga Nakamit
• Career Goals - Mga Layunin sa Karera
• Application - Aplikasyon
• Resume - Resume
• Responsibilities - Mga Responsibilidad
• Interview - Panayam
• Job Advertisement - Anunsyo ng Trabaho
• Hiring Manager - Manager ng Pag-hire
• Professional Experience - Propesyonal na Karanasan
• Personal Details - Mga Personal na Detalye. ‍

Knowing these translations will make your Cover Letter writing process smoother and more efficient.

Understanding Essential Grammar for Writing a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

In writing a cover letter in Filipino (Tagalog), it is important to use the formal and polite form of the language. The use of "po" and "opo" which are signs of respect, should be included especially when addressing the recipient of the letter. The cover letter should be written in the first person perspective using "ako" for "I" and "ko" for "my". An example of this is "Ako po ay mayroong sampung taon ng karanasan sa larangan ng marketing" which translates to "I have ten years of experience in the field of marketing".

As for the tense, it is commonly used in the present or future tense depending on the context. The verb conjugation in Filipino is not as complex as in English. The root word of the verb is often used and additional words are simply added to indicate the tense. For instance, "nag-aaplay" from the root word "aplay" is used to indicate the present tense which means "applying". An example of a sentence using future tense is "Magiging masigasig po ako sa aking trabaho" which means "I will be diligent in my work". Also, when listing past experiences or skills, the past tense is used, such as "Nagtrabaho ako sa..." (I worked at...). Remember to maintain a formal and respectful tone throughout the letter to convey professionalism.

Honing the Structure and Formatting of your Filipino (Tagalog) Cover Letter

Achieving career goals and overcoming professional challenges requires more than just skills and experience, especially in the Filipino (Tagalog) job market. An essential and often underestimated tool in this process is a well-structured Cover Letter. Its layout, not just the content, can significantly impact an applicant's chances of securing an employment opportunity. A well-composed Cover Letter showcases an individual's professionalism, attention to detail, and understanding of the job requirements. It is the first impression a potential employer gets of a candidate, making its structure crucial in standing out amongst the competition. Hence, the importance of a well-structured Cover Letter in the Filipino (Tagalog) job market cannot be overstated.

Besides the Filipino (Tagalog) Cover Letter Template, we also have other similar templates you may want to explore.

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The Importance of Including Contact Information in Filipino (Tagalog) Cover Letters

When writing a Cover Letter, it is important that you continue with the correct greeting or salutation aimed at the hiring manager or employer. This way, you show them respect and professionalism. You can start with general salutations like "Dear Sir/Madam," which in Filipino is "Mahal kon Ginoo/Mrs.," or if you know the name of the person who will be reading this, you can also use "Dear Mr./Ms. . [Surname]," which in Filipino is "Dear Mr. / Mrs. [Surname]." If you don't know the gender of the person reading this, use "Dear [First Name] [Last Name]" which in Filipino is "Mahal kong [First Name] [Last Name]."

• "Dear Sir/Madam," - "Mahal kong Ginoo/Ginang,"
• "Dear Mr./Ms. [Surname]," - "Mahal kong G. /Gng. [Apelyido],"
• "Dear [First Name] [Surname]" - "Mahal kong [Unang Pangalan] [Apelyido] ‍

How to Write the Opening Paragraph of a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

The opening paragraph of a cover letter written in Filipino (Tagalog) should first and foremost express the applicant's interest in the position. This may be achieved by stating their enthusiasm for the role, explaining why they are attracted to the company and the job, and articulating their eagerness to contribute to the organization's success. The introduction should also address how the applicant learned about the job opening. Whether through a job posting, a referral, or a direct conversation with a company representative, stating this information can provide useful context and show that the applicant is proactive and resourceful.

Mahal kong Sir/Madam,

Nagagalak po akong magpahayag ng aking interes sa posisyong inyong inilathala. Nabalitaan ko po ang tungkol sa trabahong ito sa pamamagitan ng inyong opisyal na website at naniniwala akong ako ang nararapat na kandidato para rito.

Writing the Body Paragraphs of a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

The main body paragraphs of your cover letter are incredibly crucial, especially when writing in Filipino (Tagalog). These sections serve as the heart of your message, where you detail your qualifications, experiences, and reasons why you are the best fit for the job. They allow you to connect your skills to the job description, showing the employer that you understand the role and the company's needs. In a language as rich and nuanced as Filipino, using these paragraphs to express your competence and enthusiasm makes your application more compelling and meaningful. Thus, crafting well-thought-out body paragraphs can significantly boost your chances of securing the job.

Writing the First Body Paragraph of Your Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

In writing the first paragraph of a cover letter in Filipino (Tagalog), it's crucial to mention your skills and experience. Emphasize the most important skills you have and the experiences you've had that are relevant to the job you're applying for. It's also vital to link these skills and experiences to the requirements of the job. This helps show that you're not only qualified, but also the right fit for the position.

Sa aking mahigit sampung taon ng karanasan sa industriya ng Sales at Marketing, natutunan ko na ang mahusay na pagbebenta ay hindi lamang tungkol sa pagkuha ng transaksyon, kundi sa pagtatayo rin ng matatag na relasyon sa mga kliyente. Bilang isang Sales Manager sa ABC Company, naging malaki ang aking papel sa pagpapalago ng pampublikong relasyon, pagtataguyod ng brand, at pagpapalakas ng kita ng kompanya. Ito ang mga kasanayan na nais kong magamit upang makatulong sa inyong kompanya na maabot ang inyong mga layunin.

Crafting the 2nd Body Paragraph of Your Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

The second paragraph of your cover letter in Tagalog should highlight your accomplishments and contributions from your previous positions. This is where you detail the specific achievements you have made in your past roles. It's important to focus on the ways these achievements can provide value to the potential employer, showing them how your past success can translate into future results for their company.

Sa aking huling papel bilang Tagapamahala ng Proyekto sa XYZ Company, napatunayan ko ang aking kakayahan sa epektibong pamamahala ng iba't ibang proyekto na nagresulta sa 15% na pagtaas ng company productivity. Nakatulong rin ang aking strategic planning at problem-solving skills upang mabawasan ng 20% ang operational costs ng kumpanya. Naniniwala akong ang aking mga tagumpay at karanasan sa nakaraan ay magbibigay ng malaking kontribusyon sa inyong kumpanya, at makakatulong upang maabot ang inyong mga layunin at mithiin.

Writing the 3rd Body Paragraph of Your Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

In writing the third paragraph of a cover letter in Filipino (Tagalog), the applicant should incorporate their understanding and knowledge about the company they are applying to. This would include information about the company's culture, mission, products or services, and its industry standing. It's important to show that they've taken the time to research and understand the company. The applicant should also explain why they believe the company is a perfect match for them - this could be in terms of their skills, values, career goals, or other relevant factors. This helps to convey their interest and enthusiasm for the role and the company.

Bilang isang masugid na tagasunod ng inyong kumpanya, natutuwa ako sa inyong walang patid na pagtulong sa komunidad at sa inyong kahanga-hangang kultura ng trabaho. Naniniwala akong ang aking mga kakayahan, kasama na ang aking propesyonal na karanasan at dedikasyon sa serbisyo, ay babagay nang husto sa inyong misyon at pangkalahatang mga layunin. Ang inyong kumpanya ang nagsisilbing inspirasyon para sa akin at ito ang dahilan kung bakit gusto ko magtrabaho sa inyong kumpanya.

Closing Paragraph of the Submission Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

A proper closing paragraph is important in writing a Cover letter in Filipino (Tagalog). This is because in the closing paragraph you can express your excitement for the opportunity to talk more deeply in an interview. Here you can also enter your contact details and express your gratitude for their consideration. A well-written closing paragraph makes a positive impression and shows your professionalism. So it is important that it is written with care and caution.

Ako po ay lubos na nagpapasalamat sa inyong oras at pagkakataong ito at umaasa na makakausap ko kayo sa isang panayam upang maipahayag ko ang aking mga kakayahan na maaaring maging mahalagang ambag sa inyong organisasyon. Ikinagagalak ko ang posibilidad na maging bahagi ng inyong koponan. Maraming salamat po sa inyong pagkonsidera.

Understanding the Complimentary Close of a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

The appropriate complimentary close for a cover letter written in Filipino (Tagalog) should reflect a professional tone. It is important to close your cover letter in a respectful and courteous manner to leave a positive impression on your potential employer. Here are some samples of professional closing phrases in English with their Filipino (Tagalog) translations:

• "Sincerely" is translated as "Lubos na gumagalang", which directly means "respectfully yours". This is a formal and respectful way to close your letter. ‍
• "Best Regards" is translated into "Pinakamataas na pagpapahalaga", directly meaning "highest regards". This is a polite and professional way to end your letter. ‍
• "Yours truly" can be translated as "Sa inyong paglilingkod", which directly means "at your service". This closing phrase shows your willingness and readiness to serve. ‍
• "Warm regards" can be translated into "Mainit na pagbati", directly meaning "warm greetings". This is a friendly yet professional way to close your letter. ‍

Signing the Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

In the modern Filipino (Tagalog) job market, digital signatures have become increasingly common due to the rise in online job applications. However, the decision on whether to use a digital or handwritten signature on your cover letter greatly depends on the nature of the job application. For online applications, a digital signature offers convenience and speed, while retaining a level of professionalism. Conversely, in cases where you are submitting a physical application, a handwritten signature would provide a personal touch, showing the effort and sincerity in your application. That being said, the most important aspect is not the type of signature you use, but the overall quality and content of your cover letter in the Filipino language. Both digital and handwritten signatures can be effective, as long as they are neatly and professionally presented. ‍

Crafting a Compelling Cover Letter in Tagalog When You Lack Experience

Navigating the job market with no experience can be challenging, especially when it comes to writing a compelling cover letter. However, this should not deter you as we have curated a list of practical tips for crafting an effective cover letter in Filipino (Tagalog) language. These tips are simplified and easy to use, specifically designed to help beginners or those with no experience.

• Begin with a Professional Salutation: Start your cover letter with a professional greeting. For example, "Mahal na Ginoo/Ginang (Recipient's Last Name)". ‍
• Introduce Yourself: Begin by introducing yourself in a concise and professional manner. You may include your name, educational background, and the position you are applying for. ‍
• Highlight Your Skills: Even without work experience, you can still emphasize your skills, abilities, and knowledge that are relevant to the job. This can include hard skills like computer programming or soft skills like communication. ‍
• Utilize Your Education: If you recently graduated, make sure to highlight your academic achievements, any relevant coursework, and school projects that are relevant to the job position. ‍
• Volunteer Experiences and Internships: Mention any volunteer work or internships you have done, as these can provide practical experience that may be relevant to the job. ‍
• Show Enthusiasm for the Job: Even without experience, showing enthusiasm for the job and the company can leave a good impression. Express your eagerness to learn and grow within the company. ‍
• Mention References: If you have professionals who can vouch for your character and potential, include them as references. ‍
• Close Professionally: End your cover letter on a professional note. You can use "Sumasainyo" (Yours) followed by your name. ‍
• Proofread: Make sure to proofread your letter for any grammatical errors or typos. This shows your attention to detail and professionalism. ‍
• Keep it Short and Simple: As a rule of thumb, your cover letter should not exceed one page. Be direct to the point and avoid unnecessary information. ‍
• Use Polite and Formal Language: As this is a professional letter, use polite and formal language throughout. Avoid using slang or overly casual language. ‍
• Customize Each Letter: Tailor each cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. This shows that you understand the job requirements and are a serious candidate. ‍
• Be Honest: Do not lie about your capabilities or experiences. It's better to focus on your potential and willingness to learn rather than making up experiences you don't have. ‍

Helpful Tips for Crafting a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

Writing a cover letter in Filipino (Tagalog) is not any different from writing one in English. The general principles remain the same: it should be well-structured, concise, and clearly illustrate your skills, qualifications, and reasons for applying. However, there are additional considerations to keep in mind when drafting a cover letter in Filipino:

• Language Proficiency: It's important to remember that your cover letter will serve as a testament to your proficiency in Filipino. Therefore, you need to ensure that your grammar, punctuation, and sentence construction are correct. It's not enough to just translate your English cover letter to Filipino; language nuances must be observed. ‍
• Use Formal Filipino: As in English, there's a difference between casual and formal language in Filipino. Make sure to use the formal variant, avoiding slang and colloquial phrases. ‍
• Proofread: Just like with any other document, proofreading is crucial. Look for any spelling, grammar, punctuation, or formatting errors. It might also be helpful to have someone else review your letter for mistakes and readability. ‍
• Be Direct and Concise: Filipino language, by nature, tends to be verbose. However, it's important to maintain directness and conciseness in your cover letter. Keep sentences short and straight to the point. ‍
• Use Bullet Points: If you have several points to discuss, consider using bullet points. This can help your letter look organized and easy to read. ‍
• Respectful Language: Filipino culture places a great emphasis on respect. Make sure to use polite and respectful language throughout your letter. ‍
• Addressing the Reader: When addressing the reader, use "po" and "ho" appropriately. These are honorifics used to show respect in Filipino culture. ‍
• Localization: If you're applying to a company in the Philippines, it can be beneficial to show your understanding of the local culture, values, and business etiquette. This can be demonstrated in the way you write your cover letter. ‍
• Highlight Relevant Skills: Just like an English cover letter, your Filipino cover letter should highlight your skills and experiences that are relevant to the job you're applying for. Be specific in explaining how these skills can benefit the company. ‍
• Closing the Letter: In closing the letter, "Lubos na gumagalang," or "Respectfully yours," can be used. This is a formal and respectful way to end a cover letter in Filipino. ‍

In conclusion, writing a cover letter in Filipino requires careful attention to language nuances, cultural respects, and general cover letter writing practices. Remembering these tips will help you create a professional, impressive, and culturally sensitive cover letter.

Enhancing Your Filipino (Tagalog) Cover Letter: Tips for Improvement

In order to make a strong impression when applying for jobs in the Filipino (Tagalog) job market, it's important to ensure your cover letter is carefully crafted. Here are some practical tips to improve your Filipino (Tagalog) cover letter:

• Use Polite and Formal Language: In the Filipino culture, showing respect is highly valued. Therefore, use polite expressions and formal language in your cover letter to show respect to the hiring manager. ‍
• Use Filipino (Tagalog) Phrases: Instead of writing the entire letter in English, use some commonly used Filipino (Tagalog) phrases. This reflects your understanding of the language and culture. ‍
• Understand Filipino business etiquette: In the Filipino business culture, individuals are often judged based on personal traits rather than professional achievements. Make sure to highlight personal traits such as determination, patience, and respectfulness in your cover letter. ‍
• Provide a Brief Introduction: Briefly introduce yourself in the first paragraph, including where you learned about the job posting. This will help to establish an immediate connection with the reader. ‍
• Detail Your Skills: List your skills and explain how they are applicable to the job you are applying for. Be sure to use specific examples from your previous work experience. ‍
• Show Interest in Filipino Culture: Mention your interest in Filipino culture and any experiences you have had that are relevant to the job. This could be anything from traveling to the Philippines, learning the Filipino language, or working with Filipino communities in the past. ‍
• End on a Positive Note: Thank the reader for considering your application and express your hopes for a positive response. This is a common practice in Filipino business correspondence and shows respect towards the recipient. ‍
• Proofread Thoroughly: Finally, make sure to proofread your cover letter thoroughly. Ensure that there are no grammatical errors and that the Tagalog phrases used are accurate. ‍

Final Reflections on Writing the Perfect Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

In conclusion, crafting an ideal cover letter in Filipino (Tagalog) holds significant value to any job application. This article provided a comprehensive guide and template to assist job seekers in writing a cover letter that is authentic, compelling, and that effectively communicates their qualifications and value proposition.

The article emphasized the importance of personalizing the cover letter to match the specific job requirements and the company's mission and values. It also discussed how to structure the cover letter properly, beginning with a professional introduction, a body that highlights relevant skills and experience, and a strong closing statement that leaves a lasting impression.

Remember, a well-written cover letter can make a powerful impact, setting you apart from other candidates and helping you land the job you desire. It is your chance to tell your story, showcase your skills, and share what unique value you can bring to the company.

So, stay motivated and confident. Don't hesitate to personalize the template provided to suit your unique experiences and aspirations. Writing a cover letter may seem challenging, but with these guidelines, you are well on your way to crafting a compelling narrative that will catch the attention of potential employers. Good luck with your job search journey.

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Motivatsioonikiri, millele on enamikul juhtudel lisatud CV, on iga töötaotluse põhielement. Seda tüüpi kiri peab lühidalt kirjeldama oskusi, võimeid ja teadmisi, mis teil on ja mis on teatud huviga seoses otsitava ametikohaga. Selles mõttes peab kaaskiri lihtsalt sisaldama sellele ametikohale kandideerimise motivatsiooni ja põhjendusi. See peab äratama värbajas huvi ja panema ta pidama teid selle töö jaoks parimaks võimaluseks.

Kuidas koostada lihtsat kaaskirja

• 1 Valige oma valitud CV mall.
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• 4 Ärge unustage viimast viisakusvalemit. Vaadake kaaskirja viisakusvalemite näiteid.
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• 6 Kui soovite saata selle meili teel, eksportige oma kaaskiri PDF-vormingus.

Teised kaaskirjade näidised

Kaaskirja struktureerimise nõuanded.

Kaaskirja kirjutamise hõlbustamiseks pidage meeles, et koguge eelnevalt kogu vajalik teave. Näidake toimetaja loovust, järgides samal ajal tüpograafiliste reeglite õiget kasutamist ja jälgides, et ei tekiks kirjavigu. Sest hea kaaskiri peegeldab teie kuvandit inimese ja professionaalina. Olge oma kirjutamisel loominguline ja originaalne, jäädes samas lihtsaks, kokkuvõtlikuks ja täpseks. ‍ Näidake läbitud punktide ohutust, enesekindlust ja meisterlikkust. Rõhutage, mida saate ettevõttesse tuua ja mainige oma erialast kogemust vastavas valdkonnas. Märkige ka kõik põhipunktid, mis panevad teid end uute ideedega täitva transformeeriva agendina ilmuma. Täpsustage oma võimet saavutada kavandatud eesmärgid ja kohaneda uute suundumustega.

Näita ennast positiivselt. Ärge langege sellesse viga, et kasutate sama kaaskirja mitme ettevõtte jaoks. Koostage kaaskiri iga taotletava töö kohta. Seda tüüpi kiri võimaldab tööandjal kujundada teie isiksuse kohta arvamust, sest see annab teile võimaluse täpsustada oma motivatsioone, mida lihtsas CV-s tegelikult ei kirjeldata.

Lihtsa ja tõhusa kaaskirja kirjutamise soovitused

• Laiendage Intro ‍ Pidage meeles, et pärast kõne valemit peate välja töötama sissejuhatuse, kus tutvustate end ametlikult ja isiklikult. Ärge unustage märkida peamist eesmärki, mis ajendas teid seda kirja kirjutama.
• Struktureerige oma kirja sisu Laske end juhinduda järgmistest küsimustest: – Miks?, Mis eesmärgil?, Kuidas?, Miks soovite selles ettevõttes töötada? → selles osas peate kirjeldama, mida saate ettevõttele tuua. – Rõhutage, kuidas teie teadmised võivad oluliselt mõjutada ettevõtte funktsioonide arengut ja majandussektorit, kus ta tegutseb. - Kuidas te seda teeksite tee seda? → lihtsalt rõhutab teie teadmisi ja võimeid professionaalina – Rõhutage oma õnnestumisi, varasemaid kogemusi, diplomeid, saadud tunnustusi või auhindu.
• Olge oma järeldustes otsekohene Andke teada, et olete vestluseks saadaval, esitades kontaktteabe, näiteks oma e-posti aadressi, telefoninumbri ja postiaadressi. Kui need kontaktandmed muutuvad, ärge unustage uuendada oma CV-d ja kaaskirja ning saata need uuesti ettevõtetele, kes on need juba saanud.
• Hoolitse paigutuse eest Teie kaaskiri peab olema kooskõlas teie CV-ga. Värbaja peab esmapilgul nägema, et need 2 dokumenti moodustavad ühe taotluse. Kasutage oma kaaskirjas samu värve, fonti, ikoone jne, mis oma CV-s. See väike näpunäide aitab teil luua tõhusa ja professionaalse rakenduse.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Crafting a Cover Letter in Filipino (Tagalog)

When writing a cover letter in Filipino, you should follow the same basic structure as you would in English. However, pay attention to the language nuances. Start with a formal salutation like "Ginagalang na Sir/Madam," followed by a brief introduction of yourself, your qualifications, and why you're interested in the job. It's also important to show knowledge about the company and express why you would be a good fit. End the letter with a closing line, for example, "Lubos na gumagalang," followed by your name.

When applying for a job in the Philippines, respect and formality are highly valued. Always address the hiring manager or interviewer with a formal title such as "Sir" or "Madam." It's also important to remember that Filipinos place a high value on personal relationships, so building rapport during the interview can be very beneficial.

While most companies in the Philippines conduct business in English, showing an understanding or a familiarity with the local language can be a plus. Phrases like "Ako po ay may malasakit sa aking trabaho" (I am passionate about my work) or "Handa po akong magsilbi sa inyong kumpanya" (I am ready to serve your company) can show your dedication and commitment. However, ensure that use of such phrases is appropriate for the job you are applying for.

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Paano Sumulat ng Epektibong Cover Letter sa 2023 | Gabay sa Baguhan

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Tulong sa Cover Letter - Paano Sumulat ng Epektibong Cover Letter sa 2023 | Gabay sa Baguhan

• Tulong sa Cover Letter

paano gumawa ng cover letter? o paano magsimula ng cover letter? ito ay isang query. Maraming mga tao ang naghahanap para sa trabaho pangangaso ng masama. Pag-isipan sa pamamagitan ng mga online na listahan ng trabaho, pagpino ng iyong resume, pati na rin ang paghahanda para sa nakakapagod na mga panayam—wala sa mga ito ang masaya. Para sa marami, ang pinakanakakatakot na bahagi ng proseso ay ang paggawa...

Sarah Reynolds

Espesyalista sa nilalaman.

paano gumawa ng cover le t ter? o paano magsimula ng cover letter? ito ay isang query. Maraming tao ang naghahanap nito

Nakakainis ang paghahanap ng trabaho. Pag-isipan sa pamamagitan ng mga online na listahan ng trabaho, pagpino sa iyong resume , pati na rin ang paghahanda para sa nakakapagod na mga panayam—wala sa mga ito ang masaya. Para sa marami, ang pinaka nakakatakot na bahagi ng proseso ay ang paggawa ng cover letter. Napakaraming magkasalungat na payo doon; mahirap malaman kung saan magsisimula.

Huwag mag-alala, bagaman. Nasa likod ka namin. Ang pagsusulat ng cover letter ay hindi kasing hirap ng sinasabi nito.

Sa blog na ito, ituturo namin sa iyo kung paano magsulat ng cover letter na magbibigay sa iyo ng trabaho na iyong mga pangarap .

Ngunit una, ang mga pangunahing kaalaman ...

Ano ba talaga ang Cover Letter? (at Bakit ito Mahalaga?)

Ang cover letter, o covering letter na maaaring tawagin ng ilan, ay isang isang pahinang dokumento na ipapadala mo bilang bahagi ng iyong aplikasyon sa trabaho (kasama ang iyong CV o Resume).

Ang pangunahing layunin nito ay ipaliwanag ang impormasyong naka-highlight sa iyong resume habang inilalagay ang iyong personalidad. Sa karaniwan, ang iyong cover letter ay dapat na hindi hihigit sa 400 salita .

Ang isang cover letter ay dadalhin ang mambabasa sa isang gabay na paglalakbay ng ilan sa iyong pinakadakilang karera at mga tagumpay sa buhay. Ngunit hindi ito titigil doon. Ipinapaliwanag din nito kung bakit magiging angkop ka para sa kumpanya.

Ang isang mahusay na pagkakasulat na cover letter ay nag-aapoy sa interes ng HR manager at nagpapabasa sa kanila ng iyong resume.

Sa kabilang banda, ang isang hindi magandang pagkakagawa ng cover letter ay nag-iiwan sa potensyal na employer na nanginginig ang kanilang ulo sa galit, nagmumura nang malakas para sa pag-aaksaya ng kanilang oras, at kalaunan ay binning ang resume na ibinuhos mo ang iyong puso upang isulat.

Hindi mo gustong mangyari iyon, o hindi ba? Iyon ang dahilan kung bakit mahalagang matutunan kung paano magsulat ng cover letter—isang nakakumbinsi.

Kung ito ang iyong unang pagkakataon na magsulat ng isang covering letter, ang buong bagay ay maaaring mukhang mas nakakatakot. Hindi na kailangang matakot, bagaman. Ang pagsulat ng magandang cover letter ay kasingdali ng pagbaybay ng A, B, C.

Ang kailangan mo lang gawin ay gamitin ang sumusunod na napatunayang format:

• Header - Magbigay ng mga detalye ng contact.
• Pagbati – Makipagpalitan ng kasiyahan sa hiring manager.
• Panimula – Pasiglahin kaagad ang interes ng mambabasa sa 2-3 sa iyong mga nangungunang tagumpay.
• Mga gitnang talata/Katawan – Ipaliwanag kung bakit ikaw ang perpektong kandidato at ang perpektong akma.
• Pangwakas na talata - Recap lahat. Muling ipahayag kung bakit sa tingin mo ay karapat-dapat kang subukan sa kumpanya.
• Panghuling pormal na pagbati – Tapusin sa isang pormal na pag-sign-off.

Ipapaliwanag namin ang mga ito nang detalyado sa ibaba (kasama ang ilang mga halimbawa ng cover letter). Kaya ipagpatuloy ang pagbabasa.

Paano Sumulat ng Nakakumbinsi na Cover Letter na Magbibigay sa Iyo ng Trabaho: Isang Step-by-Step na Gabay

Ngayong wala na ang mga pangunahing kaalaman, gagabayan ka namin sa proseso ng pagsulat ng perpektong cover letter, hakbang-hakbang.

Mayroong ilang mga halimbawa ng cover letter doon din, kaya basahin mo.

Hakbang 1: Magsaliksik Una

Bago ka magsimulang magsulat, alamin ang higit pa tungkol sa organisasyon at ang partikular na trabahong gusto mo.

Siyempre, dapat mong maingat na basahin ang paglalarawan ng trabaho, ngunit suriin din ang website ng kumpanya, mga profile ng LinkedIn ng empleyado, pati na rin ang mga feed ng Twitter ng mga executive nito.

Bakit mahalaga ang pananaliksik na ito? tanong mo. Well, nakakatulong ito sa iyong i-customize ang iyong cover letter dahil ang pagpapadala ng generic ay isang no-no.

Ang pananaliksik ay makakatulong din sa iyo na magpasya sa tono. Kung ito ay isang konserbatibong organisasyon, tulad ng isang kompanya ng seguro, maaaring gusto mong panatilihing pormal ang tono ng iyong covering letter. Ngunit kung ito ay isang malikhaing ahensya, tulad ng isang art studio, maaari kang kumuha ng higit pang mga panganib.

Hakbang 2: Simulan ang Iyong Cover Letter na may Header

Kapag tapos ka na sa pagsasaliksik, magpatuloy at gawin ang iyong covering letter.

Tulad ng resume, magsimula sa pamamagitan ng pagsulat ng iyong impormasyon sa pakikipag-ugnayan. Sa isip, ang seksyong ito ay dapat na naka-left-align o nakasentro.

Dito, gusto mong isama ang lahat ng mahalagang personal na impormasyon, kabilang ang:

• Buong pangalan mo
• Numero ng telepono
• Email address
• Link ng profile sa LinkedIn (opsyonal)
• Portfolio o website (opsyonal)

Sa ibaba ng iyong impormasyon sa pakikipag-ugnayan at naka-left-align, isama ang petsa pati na rin ang mga detalye ng contact ng kumpanya, gaya ng:

• Pangalan ng hiring manager
• Address ng kumpanya
• Numero ng telepono ng kumpanya
• Pag-hire ng email address ng manager

At narito ang hindi mo dapat isama sa seksyong ito:

• Ang iyong lungsod na tinitirhan/address: Ang mga detalyeng ito ay dapat lumabas sa iyong resume, hindi ang covering letter.
• Hindi maipakitang email: Tiyaking sapat na propesyonal ang iyong email. Ang isang email address na may nakasulat na tulad ng "[email protected]" ay agad na maitatapon ang iyong cover letter (at resume). Para maiwasan ang ganitong sitwasyon, manatili sa “[pangalan] + [apelyido] @email provider.com na format.”

Hakbang 3: Batiin ang Recruiter/ HR Manager (Sa kanilang Pangalan)

Tandaan ang pananaliksik na ginawa mo sa Hakbang 1? Ito ay darating sa madaling gamiting dito.

2021 na. Hindi na nalalapat ang mga pagbati tulad ng “Dear Sir or Madam” at “To Whom It May Concern”. At saka, gusto mong ipakita sa future boss mo na nag-research ka at inaabangan mo talaga ang pagsali sa kumpanya.

Kaya, gumamit ng mga pagbati tulad ng Dear (Pangalan ng Hiring Manager) .

Kung hindi mo malaman kung sino ang hiring manager, hulaan—isang magandang hula. Halimbawa, kung nag-a-apply ka para sa isang posisyon sa pagbebenta, tawagan ang pinuno ng departamento ng pagbebenta sa pamamagitan ng pangalan.

Kung nagsaliksik ka sa buong internet at hindi mo mahanap ang pangalan ng sinuman, i-address ang iyong cover letter sa departamento. Halimbawa, magiging maayos ang "Dear Sales Department."

Narito ang mas tiyak na mga halimbawa ng Pambungad na Pagpupugay:

• Mahal na John Wick
• Mahal na Ginoong Wick
• Mahal na Sales Department
• Minamahal na [Department] Hiring Manager

Hakbang 4: Buksan Gamit ang Isang Nakakaakit na Panimula

Karaniwang isinusulat ng mga naghahanap ng trabaho ang kanilang sarili sa covering letter ng "Nag-a-apply ako para sa trabahong Y na nakita ko sa Z place." Hindi iyon ang paraan upang pumunta.

Sa halip, magsimula sa isang panimula na nakakaakit ng pansin. Buksan gamit ang isang punchline—kung bakit kapana-panabik ang trabahong ito sa iyo pati na rin kung ano ang iyong dinadala sa talahanayan.

Malamang, ang recruiter o hiring manager ay nagbabasa ng daan-daan, marahil libu-libong mga aplikasyon. Kaya, gusto mong makuha ang kanilang atensyon mula sa salitang go.

Sabi nga, huwag mong subukang maging nakakatawa. Ang katatawanan ay kadalasang nahuhulog. Lumayo rin sa mga clichés. Sa sandaling sinabi mo ang iyong pangalan, sabihin ang isang bagay nang direkta pati na rin ang dynamic. Pagkatapos ay dagdagan ito ng 2-3 sa iyong mga nangungunang tagumpay.

Ganito dapat ang hitsura ng isang magandang panimula:

“Ang pangalan ko ay John at gusto kong tulungan ang Company Z na maabot at mapalitan ang kanilang mga layunin sa digital marketing. Nagtrabaho ako sa Company X, isang kumpanya ng soft drinks, nang mahigit 5 taon. Bilang nangunguna sa digital marketing specialist, nakabuo ako ng 200% na pagtaas sa organic na trapiko sa website (tinalo ang mga projection ng 150%). Naniniwala ako na ang kumbinasyon ng aking karanasan, skillset, pati na rin ang masipag na personalidad, ay gumagawa sa akin ng perpektong kandidato para sa trabaho.

Nakikita mo ang pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng halimbawang ito at ng lahat ng generic na pagpapakilala na iyong isinulat sa nakaraan?

Ngayong alam mo na kung ano ang isasama sa panimulang talata, sumisid tayo sa katawan. Ang bahaging ito ay nahahati sa dalawang seksyon: ang una ay para sa pagpapaliwanag kung bakit ikaw ang perpektong kandidato para sa trabaho, at ang susunod ay para sa pagpapatunay na nakuha mo na kung ano ang kinakailangan upang magtrabaho para sa kumpanya.

Kaya, gawin natin ang bagay na ito…

Hakbang 5: Patunayan na Ikaw ang Tamang Tao para sa Trabaho

Alam mo ba kung sino pa ang may katulad na kasanayan at karanasan sa trabaho? Lahat ng iba pang mga aplikante na nakikipagkumpitensya sa iyo. Iyon ang dahilan kung bakit kailangan mong ihiwalay ang iyong sarili.

Ang paghiwalayin ang iyong sarili (at ang iyong cover letter) ay hindi nangangahulugang pagpapakita ng higit pa sa iyong mga nangungunang tagumpay. Sa halip, nangangahulugan ito ng pagpapaliwanag kung paano mo tutuparin ang eksaktong mga responsibilidad na naka-post sa ad ng trabaho.

Kaya, buksan ang ad at tukuyin kung alin sa mga kinakailangan ang pinakamahalaga.

Sa pag-aakalang sinusuri mo ang ad ng trabaho at nakita mo na ang mga nangungunang kinakailangan para sa posisyon ng espesyalista sa digital marketing ay:

• Karanasan sa pagpapataas ng mga rate ng conversion para sa mga social media ad campaign
• Ilang mga kasanayan sa muling pagdidisenyo ng mga landing page
• Napakahusay na mga kasanayan sa pagbuo ng lead

Ngayon, sa seksyong ito, kailangan mong talakayin kung paano mo tinutupad ang mga kinakailangang ito. Kaya, narito ang magiging hitsura nito para sa aming nakaraang halimbawa:

“Sa dati kong tungkulin bilang lead digital marketing specialist sa Company X, gumawa ako ng epektibong binabayarang Facebook advertising campaign na nakabuo ng 2,000 pagbisita sa website. Bilang karagdagan, pinataas ko ang mga benta sa e-commerce ng 20% sa loob ng 3 buwan sa pamamagitan ng muling pagdidisenyo ng lahat ng mga landing page.

Maliban sa advertising sa social media, nakakita rin ako ng napakalaking tagumpay sa iba pang aspeto ng digital marketing:

• Karanasan ng customer
• Lead generation
• Online na paggastos
• Trapiko sa web

Hakbang 6: Ipaliwanag Kung Bakit Ikaw ang Perpektong Piraso para sa Jigsaw ng Kumpanya

Kapag tapos ka na sa Hakbang 5, maaaring iniisip mo—Ako ang pinakapaborito para sa trabaho. Hindi ko na kailangang magsulat ng kahit ano pa dahil naipakita ko na na ako ay may kakayahan , sanay, at may karanasan. Ngayon ang natitira na lang ay tapusin ang lahat at pindutin ang SEND button na iyon.

Hawakan ang iyong mga kabayo, kaibigan. Wala ka pa dyan.

Ang recruiter ay nangangailangan ng higit pa sa karanasan sa trabaho para ma-draft ka. Naghahanap din sila ng isang aplikante na mahusay na humahalo sa kanilang kultura ng korporasyon .

Pagkatapos ng lahat, ang isang taong hindi nasisiyahan sa kanilang trabaho ay tiyak na huminto sa maaga o huli. Ito ay nagtatapos sa gastos ng kumpanya ng malaking oras, lalo na sa mga tuntunin ng pangangalap pati na rin ang pagsasanay. Tinatantya din ng ilang pag-aaral ang average na gastos sa pagpapalit ng isang suweldong empleyado na anim hanggang siyam na buwang suweldo . Ito ay isang bala na nais iwasan ng karamihan sa mga tagapag-empleyo sa lahat ng mga gastos.

Kaya, sa madaling salita, maghatid ng sigasig. Ang sigasig ay naglalabas ng personalidad. Kumbinsihin ang hiring manager na talagang masigasig kang magtrabaho para sa kanila, at hindi ka na makapaghintay na magsimula.

Paano mo ito makakamit? Muli, ang pananaliksik na ginawa mo sa Hakbang 1 ay madaling gamitin. Kung ginawa mo nang maayos ang iyong trabaho, ang seksyong ito ay dapat na isang lakad sa parke.

Ngunit kung hindi mo ginawa, narito ang gusto mong isama:

• Ano ang pananaw at misyon ng kumpanya?
• Ano ang modelo ng negosyo?
• Ano ang ibinebenta nila? Nabili mo na ba?
• Ano ang kultura ng korporasyon?

Sa huli, kailangan mo ring malaman kung ano ang tungkol sa kumpanyang nag-aapoy sa iyong puso . Pagkatapos ay ilagay ito sa mga salita.

Ang huling resulta ay dapat magbasa ng isang bagay tulad ng:

“Gusto kong magtrabaho sa kumpanya mo. Sinong hindi? Ikaw ang nangunguna sa industriya, nagtatakda ng mga pamantayan na sinusunod lamang ng iba. Bilang isang visionary, self-driven, masipag na indibidwal na gustong mamuno mula sa harapan, talagang naniniwala ako na ako at ang Company Z ay magiging isang perpektong tugma."

Isa pang bagay…

Iwasan ang tunog ng masyadong generic. Alisin ang kahirapan, dahil ito ay isang malaking turn-off para sa hiring manager.

Hakbang 7: I-wrap ang Lahat sa Isang Maikli, Punchy na Pangwakas na Talata

Kapag gumagawa ng iyong cover letter na pagsasara, maging magalang, kumpiyansa, pati na rin ipagpatuloy ang pagtitiwala para sa iyong sarili.

Mahalaga rin na tapusin ang iyong cover letter sa isang madiskarteng at maalalahaning paraan, kaya siguraduhing:

• Salamat sa hiring manager para sa kanilang oras.
• Ibuod kung bakit ka magiging isang mahusay na hire
• Ulitin ang iyong kasabikan tungkol sa oportunidad sa trabaho
• Tapusin gamit ang isang CTA (call-to-action)

Narito ang isang mahusay na halimbawa ng pagsasara ng cover letter:

“Salamat sa paggugol ng oras sa pagrepaso sa aking aplikasyon. Lubos akong naniniwala na ang aking mga kasanayan, kwalipikasyon, pati na rin ang lubos na kasigasigan, ay ginagawa akong isang mainam na kandidato para sa posisyon ng digital marketing specialist sa Company Z. Lubos akong nasasabik na sumali sa iyong masiglang koponan at umaasa na talakayin kung paano ako makakatulong maabot mo ang iyong mga layunin sa digital marketing."

Hakbang 8: Pormal na Mag-sign-Off

Kapag tapos ka na sa call to action, ang kailangan mo lang gawin ay magsulat ng isang pormal na "paalam,' at handa ka na.

Maaari mong gamitin ang isa sa maraming kilalang pormal na pagbati:

• Binabati kita,
• Sa paggalang,
• Pinakamahusay
• Magandang pagbati,

Nagawa mo na! Laban sa lahat ng posibilidad, natutunan mo kung paano gumawa ng cover letter para sa isang resume—kaya, congrats. Ngunit bago pindutin ang SEND button na iyon, i-proofread gamit ang isang tool tulad ng Grammarly kung sakaling may ilang mga error na dumulas sa iyong mga mata. Mas mabuti pa, hilingin sa isang kaibigan na basahin nang malakas ang liham habang nakikinig ka nang mabuti para sa anumang mga blips, error, pati na rin ang mga awkward na parirala.

Mga Prinsipyo na Dapat Tandaan: Ang Mga Dapat at Hindi Dapat Gawin Kapag Sumulat ng Cover Letter

Narito ang isang mabilis na recap ng mga bagay na dapat tandaan kapag nagsusulat ng cover letter.

• Maging maikli - Dapat na mabasa ng isang hiring manager ang iyong covering letter sa isang sulyap.
• Magkaroon ng isang malakas na panimula na pumukaw kaagad ng atensyon ng mambabasa.
• Magbahagi lamang ng mga tagumpay na nauugnay sa ad ng trabaho. Kahit ano pa ay himulmol.
• Lumabis sa tono – Maging mature at propesyonal
• Subukang maging nakakatawa – madalas, bumabalik ito para kagatin ka sa mukha
• Magpadala ng generic na cover letter - tiyaking ang bawat seksyon ay naka-customize sa core

1- paano tugunan ang cover letter na walang pangalan

Para sa maraming mga propesyonal na kumukuha ng trabaho, ang paggamit ng pagbati na "Mahal na Tagapamahala ng Pag-hire" ay ang pinakamahusay na opsyon kapag ang isang pangalan ay hindi magagamit. Mas mainam na gamitin ang generic na pagbating ito sa halip na wala, dahil ito ay nagpapakita ng pagsunod sa mga kultural na kaugalian at propesyonalismo.

2- dapat mong ipakilala ang iyong sarili sa isang cover letter

Oo, dapat mong isama ang isang cover letter sa iyong pagpapakilala. Ipahayag ang iyong pangalan, ang posisyon na iyong hinahanap, at kung paano mo nalaman ang tungkol dito. Halimbawa: Upang maisaalang-alang para sa bukas na posisyon ng Account Manager na naka-post sa LinkedIn, ang pangalan ko ay Henry Applicant.

3- pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng cover letter at resume

Ang mga katotohanan—sino, ano, kailan, at paano—ay nakasaad sa isang resume. Sa kabaligtaran, ang isang cover letter ay nagbibigay sa iyo ng pagkakataong talakayin ang iyong mga kwalipikasyon para sa posisyon. Upang kumbinsihin ang mga tagapag-empleyo na ikaw ay angkop para sa trabahong nasa kamay, ang papel na ito ay nag-aalok ng ilang kulay at personalidad.

Kaya, Ano ang Susunod sa Iyong Job Hunt? (Pahiwatig: Oras na para Gumawa ng Killer Resume!)

Maaaring alam mo kung paano magsulat ng isang cover letter, ngunit kung ang iyong resume ay hindi maganda, maaari mo ring kalimutan ang tungkol sa pagkakaroon ng trabaho—pabayaan na ang iyong pangarap na trabaho.

Huwag hayaan ang isang pangkaraniwang resume na isara ang iyong mga pangarap. Gumawa ng isang mamamatay na resume upang samahan ang mahusay na cover letter. Kung mukhang mahirap gawin iyon, makakatulong kami.

Sa StylingCV, nakatuon kami sa pagtulong sa iyo na makuha ang trabaho ng iyong mga pangarap. Ang aming makabagong tagabuo ng resume ay gumagana nang kasing husay mo. Ano pa ang hinihintay mo? Lumikha ng iyong libreng resume ngayon!

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COVERING UP: THE COVER LETTER EXPLAINED (AND YES, IT’S CALLED A COVER LETTER)

Jul 27, 2016

First things first: the cover letter has been called a COVER letter for decades, and that one name works just fine. Do we really need another name for something that has a perfectly functional name already? No? Great, let’s stop calling it an APPLICATION letter then. Yikes.

But what is a cover letter, you might ask? Defined simply, the cover letter is a written (or typeset) correspondence included in a formal application. Applicants use it to inform their prospect employer’s recruitment team that they are interested in and qualified for a vacant position being advertised. It works similar to our definition of a “letter of intent”.

Cover letters have been in widespread use for the better part of the last century. Unfortunately, this art is beginning to show signs of being lost to the changing times especially since more employers are choosing to omit the cover letter from application requirements. They do this so that they can use a more efficient screening process.

So what do we need to rediscover about cover letters? Quite a few things, actually; and we’ve put them all together here for your convenience.

In days gone by, the cover letter was a professional gesture showing a person’s genuine interest to apply for work. Nowadays, employers with strict standards and codes of conduct still consider it a proper part of application documents, to the point that they reject resumés sent in without cover letters or applications with poorly-written letters.

How do we avoid poorly-written cover letters? The diagram above shows the various components of a cover letter. Let’s take a look; just follow the numbers.

1. Margins – Like any letter, margins make the document look neat and organized. Let’s throw paragraph alignment into this topic as well. Simple 1-inch margins on each side and at the top of the cover letter combined with left or justified paragraph alignment should make your cover letter appropriate for most companies in the Philippines. Of course, if the company being applied to requires a specific margin and alignment format, follow their requirement instead.

2. Dateline – All that’s needed for this part is to make sure that you’re printing out or sending a letter with the correct date. It has to be the same date that you’ll walk in to apply or the same date as when you’ll email your application documents to your prospect employer. It may not seem like much, but for companies with date- or time-sensitive operations this can be a pretty big detail.

3. Recipient/Addressee – This is where research comes into play. Find out the name of the person who will be receiving and reading your application documents, including their position within the company. Make sure to spell the company’s name and mailing address correctly. There’s nothing more embarrassing than showing the company that you don’t even know who they are. Getting this step right will help to ensure that you use the correct…

4. Salutations – There are 2 places where salutations can be said: after the address line, and after the body of the letter. These are used to show that you are addressing the recipient with professional respect. So for the love of all that’s good, try to avoid the clichéd “Dear Sir or Madam” and “To whom it may concern” because they’re pretty inconsiderate to the reader. Also, use a colon [:] instead of a comma [,] for the most proper way to punctuate the opening and closing salutations.

5. Main Body – This is where you introduce yourself and state your intention to apply. The greatest impact can be achieved through introducing yourself and sharing a short story of how you found out about the vacancy and the company, to show that you are genuinely interested. You can actually use keywords from their job ad and include them in the letter, to increase your chances of getting noticed even if they use electronic document screening software .

When describing yourself, be direct about your professional and educational background, your experiences and why you would be perfect for the vacant position and for the company. Also, avoid just enumerating your qualities and skills, because the reader can’t be expected to simply take your word for it without proof. Try to provide examples of tasks or projects and the results that you helped your team achieve.

At the end, reiterate your intention to apply and make it clear that you are hoping and expecting to hear from them after reviewing your application. Remember to thank them for their attention to your letter!

6. “From” line – This one is rather simple, really. Just make sure your name is spelled correctly and sign it legibly. That’s it.

7. Paper – The worst thing to do to a cover letter would be to print it on substandard paper. Make sure it uses the proper paper size in the word processor (letter, 8.5 inches by 11 inches), then print it on proper letter-sized bond paper using black ink. If that’s a bit pricey, especially if you need more than 1 copy, print an original copy on good paper and have it photocopied using the same kind of paper.

Do note that these guidelines apply to both hard copies of your letter and letters sent via email (except the part about paper quality.)

Despite all these things to keep in mind, the cover letter can be a powerful tool for shaping and changing career direction. With the proper use, it can become a functional added touch that sets an application apart from the rest. Don’t worry, if writing a cover letter is not really for you, it’s ok as long as the application requirements of your targeted employer don’t include it.

In case you do apply to a company that requires a cover letter, like some of the big names in the corporate world, remember that the letter can make or break your application. So go ahead, get in touch with your inner letter-writer and start reaping the benefits of this often-forgotten career-seeking tool!

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Ang Kumpletuhin Cover Letter Guide para sa mag-aaral College

Nai-publish:

Nai-update:

Kung ikaw ay nag-aaplay para sa isang internship habang nasa paaralan o sa trabaho pagkatapos ng graduation, kakailanganin mo ng isang resume at isang cover letter. Ito ay pinakamahusay na upang maghanda ng isang resume una at pagkatapos ay ang cover letter, tulad ng ikaw ay gumagamit ng impormasyon mula sa iyong resume sa iyong cover letter.

Employer makatanggap ng daan-daan at libu-libong ng mga application, kaya kailangan mong i-craft ang isang resume at cover letter na isama ng loob ang kanilang mga interes. Kung hindi mo pa naghanda ng isang resume, i-save ang iyong sarili ng ilang oras at paglala. Tingnan ang Ang Kumpletong Ipagpatuloy Guide para sa College mag-aaral: 12 Panuntunan para sa Resume pagiging perpekto! , Na kung saan ay magbigay ng kasangkapan sa iyo ng mga tool na kailangan mo para sa isang panalong resume. Kahit na mayroon kang isang resume, basahin ang artikulo upang matukoy kung maaari mong pagbutihin ang iyong resume. Gusto mong makakuha ng nakaraang ang unang cut!

Narito ang 12 mga patakaran para sa isang cover letter upang matulungan kang makakuha ng ang iyong ginustong internship.

1. Magkaroon ng iyong resume madaling-gamiting

Suriin ang pag-post ng internship at ang iyong resume bago mo simulang isulat ang iyong cover letter, upang maisaayos mo ang iyong mga saloobin. Nakatutulong na mai-print ang pag-post at ipagpatuloy at ipatabi ang mga ito, upang makunsulta ka sa kanila nang hindi lumilipat ng mga screen.

2. Maging tapat

Tulad ng iyong resume, ang iyong cover letter ay hindi dapat maglaman ng maling impormasyon.

3. maging propesyonal

Dapat mong palaging magiging professional sa inyong pakikipag-usap sa mga employer. mayroon kang lamang 6 segundo upang makuha ang kanilang pansin at mapabilib ang mga ito, kaya huwag mag-aksaya ng pagkakataon.  

Huwag mahulog sa bitag ng pagpapagamot ng mga online na application daskol; gamutin ang mga online na application na may parehong pormalidad ng mga application sa pamamagitan ng koreo. Palaging gamitin ang tamang grammar at prasiyolohiya sa iyong cover letter.

4. Ipasadya ang iyong cover letter

Kung ikaw ay nag-aaplay sa higit sa isang employer, ito ay nakatutukso upang maghanda ng isang generic cover letter na maaari mong shoot out sa lahat ng mga kumpanya sa pamamagitan lamang ng pagbabago ng addressee impormasyon. Huwag gawin iyon. taktika na maaaring maging mas madali, ngunit hindi ito magiging epektibo. Employer na nais malaman kung bakit ikaw ay interesado sa mga ito at ang partikular na posisyon ikaw ay nag-aaplay para sa, at kung ano ang maaari mong dalhin sa talahanayan. Paano maaari mong ipasadya ang iyong cover letter? Gamitin ang mga keyword sa internship sa pag-post at ilapat ang mga keyword sa iyong cover letter. Kung nabasa mo na Ang Kumpletong Ipagpatuloy Guide , Ikaw ay may naka-pinasadya iyong resume, para sa isang cover letter ay dapat na lubhang mas madaling isulat.

5. Huwag hayaan ang mga error makatakas iyo

Bilang na nabanggit ko bago, mayroon ka lamang 6 segundo para kumbinsihin ang employer ay hindi sa itaas na bigla ang inyong aplikasyon sa "tanggihan" pile. Kaya siguraduhin na ang iyong cover letter (at ipagpatuloy) ay LIBRE ng mga error bago mo i-click ang "magpadala ng" button.

Suriin para sa panggramatika, spelling at bantas error. Ang iyo bang kudlit sa tamang lugar? Kung gumagamit ka ng mga tambalang salita, kailangan mo ng gitling? Kung hindi ka sigurado, dapat mong i-double check kung ang isang gitling ay kinakailangan. Narito ang isang mabilis na refresher on hyphenation.

6. Gawin itong madaling basahin

Ang iyong takip sulat ay dapat na madaling basahin at intindihin. Iwasan ang convoluted pangungusap, colloquialism at teknikal na wika. Isaisip na ang unang hiwa ay maaaring gawin ng isang tao na ay hindi well-dalubhasa sa teknikal na wika, para masira ang lahat ng ito down sa mga simpleng wika.

7. Show, huwag sabihin sa

Employer ay hindi interesado sa iyo pagkanta ng iyong sariling mga pagpupuri. Sa halip na nagsasabi sa kanila kung gaano karaming mga kahanga-hangang katangian taglay mo, gamitin halimbawa mula sa iyong trabaho o volunteer karanasan upang ipakita na ikaw ay may mga katangian.

kamakailan-lamang na susuriin ko ang isang cover letter kung saan nakasaad ang aplikante: " nagtataglay ko ang isang malakas na pagkahilig para sa pag-aaral at pagtuturo sa mga tao tungkol sa mga indibidwal na may potensyal na marginalized posisyon. " Ito tunog mabuti, tama? Ang problema ay na ang isang walang batayan pahayag tulad na ay hindi makumbinsi ang mga employer. Nagkaroon walang upang i-back up ang pahayag na iyon sa cover letter o ituloy, kahit na kung ang isang employer ay upang suriin (tulad ng ginawa ko para sa layunin ng artikulong ito).

Ang isa pang aplikante nagpahayag na siya ay may "isang pagkahilig para sa mga tao," ngunit maaaring naging mas mahusay na off pagbanggit kung ano ang kanyang nagkamit sa pamamagitan ng maraming proyekto volunteer siya na nakalista sa kanyang resume.

8. Kilalanin ang iyong mga dokumento

Makakatulong ba ang "Cover Letter (11)" sa isang tagapag-empleyo na mahanap ang iyong dokumento kung ito ay magkakahalo sa iba? Ang sagot ay, gaya ng maaaring nahulaan mo, isang resounding HINDI. Tandaan na ang mga tagapag-empleyo ay tumatanggap ng daan-daang at libu-libong resume, kaya gusto mong gawing madali para sa kanila. Hindi mo nais na bigyan sila ng dahilan para tanggihan ang iyong aplikasyon. Kaya bigyan ang iyong cover letter ng isang pangalan na tumutulong sa tagapag-empleyo na makilala ang iyong aplikasyon. Ang isang simpleng unang pangalan at huling pangalan na sinundan ng mga pabalat na salita ay perpekto, halimbawa, Jane Doe Cover Letter.  

9. Gumawa ng hitsura sumasamo

Ang iyong takip sulat ay dapat na malinis, organisado at biswal nakalulugod. kalakaran ay nakahilig patungo sa online na application, ngunit gamitin ang bond paper para sa iyong cover letter (at ipagpatuloy) kung ikaw ay nagsusumite ng iyong aplikasyon sa pamamagitan ng koreo.

Gayundin, kung ikaw ay nag-aaplay sa online at hindi maaaring mag-upload ng iyong cover letter bilang isang attachment, kailangan mo pa ring pumunta sa pamamagitan ng proseso ng pagsusulat ng cover letter. Maaari mong i-cut at i-paste ang mga nilalaman ng iyong cover letter papunta sa "message" na lugar.

Ang iyong cover letter ay hindi dapat mas mahaba kaysa sa isang pahina. Gamitin ang parehong font na ginamit mo sa iyong resume para sa pagkakapareho. Gamitin ang default na margin - 1 "sa lahat ng panig ng 4. Ang spacing ng linya sa pagitan ng dalawang linya ay dapat na hindi bababa sa "solong" upang gawin itong nababasa. Ang spacing ng linya sa pagitan ng mga talata ay dapat na double na.  

10. Bale iyong nilalaman

Ang isang cover letter ay nagsisilbi bilang isang panimula at isang kasangkapan upang himukin employer upang bungkalin ang inyong resume. Upang maging mabisa, ang isang cover letter ay dapat naglalaman ng mga sumusunod na impormasyon.

Ang cover letter ay dapat nasa iyong letterhead, ibig sabihin, kasama ang iyong pangalan at address sa pag-mail. Ang iyong pangalan ay dapat na nasa tuktok ng pahina, nakasentro at naka-bold, na sinusundan ng iyong address sa pag-mail (nakasentro din). Ang halimbawa sa ibaba ay gumagamit ng 18 pts font para sa pangalan at 12 pts para sa address. (Sa aking mga halimbawa sa pag-format, isasama ko ang naunang seksyon upang ilarawan ang pagbibigay-katwiran at puwang sa pagitan ng mga seksyon.)

Ilagay ang mga petsa - Buwan, Araw at Taon - sa ibaba ang letterhead (flushed kaliwa) na may isang linya sa pagitan ng mga ito, tulad ng ipinakita sa halimbawa sa ibaba.

Ang addressee seksyon umaangkop sa ibaba ang mga petsa sa kaliwa na may isang linya sa pagitan ng mga ito.

Huwag kahit na sa tingin ng paggamit ng "Upang Kanino Maaari itong alalahanin." Ito ay terribly impersonal, at hindi ay makakatulong sa gumawa ka ng isang personal na kaugnayan sa mga mambabasa. Ang iyong takip sulat ay dapat na naka-address sa isang partikular na tao, pangkat o department (sa ganoong pagkakasunod-sunod). Isama ang pamagat ng taong-address, ang buong pangalan ng kumpanya at address ng kalye.

Kung hindi mo masabi ang pangalan ng tao mula sa pag-post o website ng kumpanya, kunin ang telepono at tawagan ang kumpanya. Maging magalang at ipaliwanag ang iyong misyon. Oo, ito ay isang lumang paraan ng pagkonekta, ngunit ito ay gumagana sa halos lahat ng oras! Kung hindi ka pa makakakuha ng pangalan ng contact ng tao, gumamit ng isang departamento o isang function, tulad ng Human Resources Department o Human Resources Manager.  

Tulungan ang mga employer focus sa pamamagitan ng pagbaybay out ang posisyon ikaw ay nag-aaplay para sa. Ilagay ito sa kanang ibaba ng seksyon ng pinadadalhan. Maaari mong gamitin ang tag-init internship, halimbawa, tulad ng iyong paksa kung ikaw ay naghahanap para sa pangkalahatang summer internship. Maaari mong paliitin ang iyong paglalarawan kung ikaw ay naghahanap ng isang tag-init internship sa isang partikular na patlang, tulad ng Summer Internship in Communications, Advertising Internship, Financial Services Internship atbp Sa aking halimbawa, ginamit ko "Summer Internship sa Marketing."

Nalalapat ang parehong mga patakaran kung naghahanap ka ng trabaho pagkatapos ng pagtatapos. Ang iyong linya ng paksa ay ang posisyon na iyong ina-apply para sa, tulad ng Kinatawan ng Serbisyo sa Customer, Pinag-aralan sa Pananalapi, Pagbebenta at Marketing, Pagbebenta at Pag-unlad ng Negosyo, Production Accounting Assistant, at iba pa. Gamitin ang paglalarawan sa pag-post ng trabaho kung tumutugon ka sa isang ad.

Maging pormal sa iyong pagbati. "Hello" at "Hi" ay hindi nararapat, pati na ang mga ito ay hindi pormal.

Kung alam mo ang pangalan ng iyong contact person, ang tamang pagbibigay-galang ay "Dear Mr. Smith" o "Mahal na Ms. Santiago." Sa kaso ng isang tagapagturo, maaari mong gamitin ang "Dear Professor Hanson," o "Mahal na Dr. Stevens "kung ang iyong propesor ay may doctorate degree (PhD).

Ngunit ano kung hindi ka maaaring sabihin ang kasarian ng isang unang pangalan tulad ng Jamie, Jordan, Morgan at Taylor? Dapat mong saliksikin online upang makita kung maaari mong linawin ang puzzle. Bilang isang huling resort, maaari mong gamitin ang buong pangalan ng tao, kaya ang iyong bati ay magiging "Minamahal Jamie McDonald."

Paano ang tungkol sa mga kaso kung saan hindi mo maaaring makuha ang pangalan ng isang contact person? Dapat mong gamitin ang isang function pagkatapos, sa gayon ito ay magiging "Dear Human Resources Manager" o "Mahal na Hiring Manager" o "Mahal na ABC Company Taga-recruit." Gamitin kung ano ang naaangkop batay sa pag-post at anumang magagamit na pampublikong impormasyon.

TANDAAN: Ang pagbati ay palaging sarado na may isang semi-colon, hindi isang kuwit, tulad ng ipinakita sa halimbawa sa ibaba.

• pagpapakilala

Sa pambungad na talata, na kung saan ay sumusunod sa bati, dapat mong ipahiwatig ang posisyon ikaw ay naghahanap. Maaari mo ring ipahiwatig kung paano mo nalaman ang tungkol sa posisyon, maging ito man ay sa pamamagitan ng isang tao (sabihin ang kanilang buong pangalan), isang online na trabaho board, ang isang patalastas sa dyaryo, at iba pa

Ang katawan ng liham ay maaaring isa o dalawang talata ang haba, depende sa iyong mga kaugnay na karanasan sa trabaho. Paghiwalayin ang bawat talata na may isang linya sa pagitan ng mga ito.

Gamitin ang seksyong ito upang ipaliwanag sa employer kung bakit ang iyong mga kwalipikasyon at naunang karanasan gumawa ka ng isang perpektong kandidato para sa posisyon na iyong inaaplayan mo. Huwag lang ilista ang iyong pangkalahatang katangian. Sa halip, i-link may-katuturang mga nagawa at mga kasanayan sa posisyon upang IPAKITA employer kung bakit ikaw ay ang pinakamahusay na kandidato para sa trabaho.

Maaari mo ring ipahiwatig kapag maaari mong simulan kung ikaw ay inalok ng posisyon.

Isara ang iyong mga sulat sa pamamagitan ng thanking employer para sa isinasaalang-alang ang inyong aplikasyon . Maaari mo ring banggitin na ang pagtingin mo inaabangan ang panahon na tinatalakay ang iyong mga interes at mga kwalipikasyon sa tao pati na rin ang pinakamahusay na paraan upang makipag-ugnay sa iyo.

Whew! Tapos ka na sa lahat ng mga pagsusumikap. Ngayon ni siguraduhin na tapusin ang inyong sulat pormal na ipaalam. Hindi ka maaaring pumunta mali sa "Taos-pusong sumasainyo," "Taos-puso," o "Sumasainyo." Kakailanganin mo ng isang comma pagkatapos ng iyong ginustong pagsasara.

Huwag kailanman gamitin ang alinman sa mga terminong gusto mong gamitin para sa iyong pamilya at mga kaibigan, tulad ng xoxo, Take Care, pakarinyo, Cheers, Magkaroon ng isang magandang araw! atbp Ikaw ay naghahanap ng trabaho, hindi isang kaibigan, at nais mong employer na magdadala sa iyo sineseryoso.

• signature block

Kung ikaw ay pagpapadala sa koreo ng isang hard copy, siguraduhin na ikaw ay may puwang upang mag-sign ang iyong pangalan sa itaas ng mga bloke lagda. Dapat mong ibigay ang iyong email address at numero ng telepono na isinara mo ang iyong liham sa pamamagitan ng na nagsasabi na maaari mong maabot sa na paraan. Ang iyong resume ay naglalaman ng impormasyon na iyon, ngunit dapat mong isama ito anyway upang gawin itong mas maginhawa para sa employer.

Gayundin, kahit na ito ay ipinapalagay na ang iyong cover letter ay isinumite kasama ng isang resume, dapat mong ipahiwatig na sa pamamagitan ng kasama ang "Encl." Sa dulo.

11. Sundin ang mantra

Ang mantra "lokasyon, lokasyon, lokasyon" ay nagsisilbi para sa real estate. Aking mantra para sa isang cover letter ay "proofread, proofread, proofread." Kung kayo ay nasiyahan sa iyong cover letter, i-print ito upang maaari mong makita ang hitsura nito at pagkatapos ay proofread ito. Kung mayroon ka ng oras, ilagay ito muna para sa isang araw o dalawa at pagkatapos ay bumalik upang tumingin sa ito na may mga sariwang mga mata. Basahin para sa kahulugan at panoorin para sa mga typo at mga error. Tandaan, mayroon kang 6 segundo upang mapabilib ang mga mambabasa, kaya doon ay NO kuwarto para sa error sa iyong cover letter.

Ito ay magiging kapaki-pakinabang kung ang iyong pamilya o mga kaibigan ay maaaring repasuhin ang iyong cover letter. May perpektong, dapat mong ipakita ang iyong cover letter sa isang tao sa industriya upang makakuha ng kritikal na puna.

12. Test bago magsumite

Lagyan ng check ang mga tagubilin at isumite ang iyong aplikasyon nang naaayon. Ngunit bago isumite ang iyong application, ipadala ang cover letter (at ang resume) sa iyong sarili upang makita kung ang mga attachment dumating sa pamamagitan ng at kung titingnan ito ay karapatan.

Sa sandaling ikaw ay masaya sa iyong cover letter (at magpatuloy), i-click ang "magpadala ng" button!

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Tagalog-Dictionary.com

Meaning of "letter", letter •.

• 1. symbol representing a speech sound: titik, letra
• 2. a written message: sulat, liham
• to mark with letters: magtitik, titikan, magletra, letrahan

» synonyms and related words:

• 1. something printed at the top of a letter: pamuhatan, pamulaan, ulo ng sulat
• 2. title of a page, chapter: pamagat, titulo, ulo
• 1. individual, private: sarili, pansarili, personal
• 2. done in person, directly by oneself, not through others or by letter: personal
• 3. of the body or bodily appearance: pansarili, sarili
• 4. about or against a person or persons: tungkol o laban sa kapwa, personal
• 5. in grammar, showing the person: panao
• 1. class in school: grado
• 2. degree in rank: ranggo, grado, antas
• 3. a degree in quality and value: klase, uri
• 4. number or letter that shows how well one has done: nota, marka
• 5. the slope of the road: grado, dahilig
• 1. what is contained in anything: laman
• 2. what is written in a book or letter, what is said in a speech: nilalaman
• 1. belonging to you: iyo (singular), inyo (plural)
• 2. the one or ones belonging to you: iyo, inyo
• 3. "yours" is used at the end of a letter with some other words: sumasainyo, sumasaiyo
• to wrap, cover or hide: magbalot, balutin, mabalot envelope
• paper cover for a letter: sobre
• 1. a short sentence, phrase or word to remind one of what was in a book, etc.: tala, nota
• 2. a comment, remark or piece of information: pansin, puna
• 3. a very short letter: maikling sulat (liham, kalatas)
• 1. to write down something to be remembered: magtala, itala
• 2. to observe, notice, give attention to: pumansin, pansinin, pumuna, punahin, magmatyag, matyagan
• 1. a written statement that money, a package, a letter, etc. has been received: resibo
• 2. the act of receiving: pagtanggap
• 3. being received: pagkatanggap, pagkakatanggap
• 4. receipts, money received: kuwartang pumasok (pumapasok), salaping pumasok (pumapasok)
• to write on ( a bill, etc.) that something has been received or paid for: magresibo, resibuhan
• 1. to shut in on all sides: kulungin, paligiran, palibutan
• 2. to fence in: magbakod, bakuran
• 3. to put in an envelope along with a letter: maglakip, ilakip, lakipan, lakpan
• 1. to make letters or words with pen, pencil, or chalk: sumulat
• 2. to put down the words of: isulat, isatitik, ititik
• 3. to write a letter: lumiham, lihaman, sumulat, sulatin, sulatan
• 4. to make up stories, books, etc., to compose: kumatha, kathain, magsulat
• 5. to be a writer: maging manunulat, magsulat
• 6. to write down, to put into writing: isulat, sulatin, ititik, isatitik
• 7. to write off, to cancel: magkansela, kanselahin, bumura, burahin
• 8. to write up, to write a description or account of: sumulat ng (sulatin ang) tungkol sa
• alphabetic character, letter
• letter [syn. sulat]
• letter of alphabet or abakada, writing, handwriting, penmanship
• tumanggap, tanggapin (-um-:-in) to receive, to accept, to admit. Tumanggap ako ng sulat kahapon. I got a letter yesterday. Tanggapin mo ang aking pakikiramay. Accept my condolence.
• sumulat (-um-) to write. Sumulat si Tony sa akin. Tony wrote to me. magsulat, sulatin, isulat (mag:-in, i-)
• to write. Isulat mo ang tula sa pisara. Write the poem on the blackboard.

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Definition of " letter " word Copyright © 2003 - 2016 Tagalog English Dictionary | Manila Philippines. All rights reserved.

Cover in Tagalog

What is the translation of word Cover in Tagalog/Filipino ?

Meaning of   Cover in Tagalog is : takip

Defenition of word cover.

• a thing that lies on, over, or around something, especially in order to protect or conceal it.
• physical shelter or protection sought by people in danger.
• a place setting at a table in a restaurant.
• a recording or performance of a previously recorded song made especially to take advantage of the original's success.

Other meanings of Cover

a seat cover

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cover photo

how long is your cover photo?

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book's cover

pangngalang nagtataglay

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fabrication manhole cover

takip ng manhole

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halimbawa ng cover letter

example for cover letter fo internship

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Find similar words, synonyms for cover, phrases in alphabetical order, search the english-tagalog dictionary by letter, english - tagalog, tagalog - english.

Get Medigap Basics

Medicare Supplement Insurance (Medigap) is extra insurance you can buy from a private insurance company to help pay your share of out-of-pocket costs in Original Medicare. What types of insurance aren’t Medigap?  

You can only buy Medigap if you have Original Medicare. Generally, that means you have to sign up for Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) and Part B (Medical Insurance) before you can buy a Medigap policy. 

You get a 6 month “Medigap Open Enrollment” period, which starts the first month you have Medicare Part B and you’re 65 or older. During this time, you can enroll in any Medigap policy and the insurance company can’t deny you coverage due to pre-existing health problems. After this period, you may not be able to buy a Medigap policy, or it may cost more. Your Medigap Open Enrollment Period is a one-time enrollment.  It doesn’t repeat every year, like the Medicare Open Enrollment Period. 

All Medigap policies are standardized. This means, policies with the same letter offer the same basic benefits no matter where you live or which insurance company you buy the policy from. There are 10 different types of Medigap plans offered in most states, which are named by letters: A-D, F, G, and K-N. Price is the only difference between plans with the same letter that are sold by different insurance companies. What else should I know about these lettered plans?

In some states, you may be able to buy another type of Medigap policy called Medicare SELECT . If you buy a Medicare SELECT policy, you have the right to change your mind within 12 months and switch to a standard Medigap policy.    

Important: In Massachusetts , Minnesota , and Wisconsin , Medigap policies are standardized in a different way.

In some states, you may be able to buy another type of Medigap policy called Medicare SELECT. If you buy a Medicare SELECT policy, you have the right to change your mind within 12 months and switch to a standardized Medigap policy.    

Every Medigap policy must follow federal and state laws designed to protect you. It’s important to watch out for illegal practices by insurance companies, and protect yourself when you’re shopping for a Medigap policy.  

Learn What Medigap covers

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• Operating systems

When enterprise employees worked almost exclusively in company offices, they sat at desks and did their work on company-owned desktop computers. Now an employee's work moves with them from place to place. On laptops and tablets and phones. And very often, the work resides on devices the employees own. All this has shifted the work of the enterprise IT staff dramatically. This cavalcade of mobile devices and remote employees is one reason unified endpoint management came to be. In this guide, we look at what UEM can do, its main features, how to choose the right UEM product for your organization – and much more.

Operating system (os).

• Stephen J. Bigelow, Senior Technology Editor

What is an operating system?

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface ( API ). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface, such as a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical UI (GUI).

Why use an operating system?

An operating system brings powerful benefits to computer software and software development. Without an operating system, every application would need to include its own UI, as well as the comprehensive code needed to handle all low-level functionality of the underlying computer, such as disk storage, network interfaces and so on. Considering the vast array of underlying hardware available, this would vastly bloat the size of every application and make software development impractical.

Instead, many common tasks, such as sending a network packet or displaying text on a standard output device, such as a display, can be offloaded to system software that serves as an intermediary between the applications and the hardware. The system software provides a consistent and repeatable way for applications to interact with the hardware without the applications needing to know any details about the hardware.

As long as each application accesses the same resources and services in the same way, that system software -- the operating system -- can service almost any number of applications. This vastly reduces the amount of time and coding required to develop and debug an application, while ensuring that users can control, configure and manage the system hardware through a common and well-understood interface.

This article is part of

What is unified endpoint management (UEM)? A complete guide

• Which also includes:
• 7 key benefits of mobile device management for businesses
• Compare capabilities of Office 365 MDM vs. Intune
• How to successfully implement MDM for BYOD

Once installed, the operating system relies on a vast library of device drivers to tailor OS services to the specific hardware environment. Thus, every application may make a common call to a storage device, but the OS receives that call and uses the corresponding driver to translate the call into actions (commands) needed for the underlying hardware on that specific computer. Today, the operating system provides a comprehensive platform that identifies, configures and manages a range of hardware, including processors; memory devices and memory management; chipsets; storage; networking; port communication, such as Video Graphics Array (VGA), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and Universal Serial Bus (USB); and subsystem interfaces, such as Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe).

What are the functions of an operating system?

An operating system provides three essential capabilities: It offers a UI through a CLI or GUI; it launches and manages the application execution; and it identifies and exposes system hardware resources to those applications -- typically, through a standardized API.

UI. Every operating system requires a UI, enabling users and administrators to interact with the OS in order to set up, configure and even troubleshoot the operating system and its underlying hardware. There are two primary types of UI available: CLI and GUI.

The CLI, or terminal mode window , provides a text-based interface where users rely on the traditional keyboard to enter specific commands, parameters and arguments related to specific tasks. The GUI, or desktop , provides a visual interface based on icons and symbols where users rely on gestures delivered by human interface devices, such as touchpads, touchscreens and mouse devices.

The GUI is most frequently used by casual or end users that are primarily interested in manipulating files and applications, such as double-clicking a file icon to open the file in its default application. The CLI remains popular among advanced users and system administrators that must handle a series of highly granular and repetitive commands on a regular basis, such as creating and running scripts to set up new personal computers (PCs) for employees.

Application management. An operating system handles the launch and management of every application. This typically supports an array of behaviors, including timesharing multiple processes, or threads , so that various tasks can share the available processors' time; handling interruptions that applications produce to gain a processor's immediate attention, ensuring there is enough memory to execute the application and its corresponding data without interfering with other processes; carrying out error handling that can gracefully remove an application's processes; and performing memory management without disrupting other applications or the OS.

An operating system can also support APIs that enable applications to utilize OS and hardware functions without the need to know anything about the low-level OS or hardware state. As an example, a Windows API can enable a program to obtain input from a keyboard or mouse; create GUI elements, such as dialog windows and buttons; read and write files to a storage device; and more. Applications are almost always tailored to use the operating system on which the application intends to run.

Additionally, an operating system can perform the following services for applications:

• In a multitasking operating system, where multiple programs can be running at the same time, the OS determines which applications should run in what order and how much time should be allowed for each application before giving another application a turn.
• It handles input/output (I/O) to and from attached hardware devices, such as hard disks, printers and dial-up ports.
• It sends messages to each application or interactive user -- or to a system operator -- about the status of operation and any errors that may have occurred.
• It can offload the management of batch jobs -- for example, printing -- so that the initiating application is freed from this work.
• On computers that can provide parallel processing, an operating system can manage how to divide the program so that it runs on more than one processor at a time.

All major computer platforms (hardware and software) require, and sometimes include, an operating system, and operating systems must be developed with different features to meet the specific needs of various form factors.

Device management. An operating system is responsible for identifying, configuring, and providing applications with common access to underlying computer hardware devices. As the OS recognizes and identifies hardware, the OS will install corresponding device drivers that enable the OS and applications running on the OS to use the devices without any specific knowledge of the hardware or devices.

An operating system is responsible for identifying the correct printer and installing the appropriate printer drivers so that an application needs to only make calls to the printer without having to use codes or commands that are specific to that printer -- that is the operating system's job. The situation is similar for other devices, such as USB ports; networking ports; graphics devices, such as graphics processing units (GPUs); motherboard chipsets; and storage devices, such as Serial-Attached SCSI (SAS) disk adapters and disks that are formatted with a suitable file system.

The OS identifies and configures physical and logical devices for service and typically records them in a standardized structure, such as Windows Registry. Device manufacturers periodically patch and update drivers, and the OS should update them to ensure best device performance and security. When devices are replaced, the OS also installs and configures new drivers.

Operating system types and examples

Although the fundamental roles of an operating system are ubiquitous, there are countless operating systems that serve a wide range of hardware and user needs.

General-purpose operating system. A general-purpose OS represents an array of operating systems intended to run a multitude of applications on a broad selection of hardware, enabling a user to run one or more applications or tasks simultaneously. A general-purpose OS can be installed on many different desktop and laptop models and run applications from accounting systems to databases to web browsers to games. General-purpose operating systems typically focus on process (thread) and hardware management to ensure that applications can reliably share the wide range of computing hardware present.

Common desktop operating systems include the following:

• Windows is Microsoft's flagship operating system, the de facto standard for home and business computers. Introduced in 1985, the GUI-based OS has been released in many versions since then. The user-friendly Windows 95 was largely responsible for the rapid development of personal computing.
• Mac OS is the operating system for Apple's Macintosh line of PCs and workstations.
• Unix is a multiuser operating system designed for flexibility and adaptability. Originally developed in the 1970s, Unix was one of the first operating systems to be written in the C language .
• Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide PC users a free or low-cost alternative. Linux has a reputation as an efficient and fast-performing system.

Mobile operating system. Mobile operating systems are designed to accommodate the unique needs of mobile computing and communication-centric devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Mobile devices typically offer limited computing resources compared to traditional PCs, and the OS must be scaled back in size and complexity in order to minimize its own resource use, while ensuring adequate resources for one or more applications running on the device. Mobile operating systems tend to emphasize efficient performance, user responsiveness and close attention to data handling tasks, such as supporting media streaming. Apple iOS and Google Android are examples of mobile operating systems.

Embedded operating system. Not all computing devices are general purpose. A huge assortment of dedicated devices -- including home digital assistants, automated teller machines (ATMs), airplane systems, retail point of sale (POS) terminals and internet of things (IoT) devices -- includes computers that require an operating system. The principal difference is that the associated computing device only does one major thing, so the OS is highly stripped down and dedicated to both performance and resilience. The OS should run quickly, not crash, and handle all errors gracefully in order to continue operating in all circumstances. In most cases, the OS is provided on a chip that is incorporated into the actual device. A medical device used in a patient's life support equipment, for example, will employ an embedded OS that must run reliably in order to keep the patient alive. Embedded Linux is one example of an embedded OS.

Network operating system. A network operating system (NOS) is another specialized OS intended to facilitate communication between devices operating on a local area network ( LAN ). A NOS provides the communication stack needed to understand network protocols in order to create, exchange and decompose network packets. Today, the concept of a specialized NOS is largely obsolete because other OS types largely handle network communication. Windows 10 and Windows Server 2019, for example, include comprehensive networking capabilities. The concept of a NOS is still used for some networking devices, such as routers, switches and firewalls, and manufacturers may employ proprietary NOSes, including Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS), RouterOS and ZyNOS.

Real-time operating system. When a computing device must interact with the real world within constant and repeatable time constraints, the device manufacturer may opt to use a real-time operating system ( RTOS ). For example, an industrial control system may direct the operations of a sprawling factory or power plant. Such a facility will produce signals from myriad sensors and also send signals to operate valves, actuators, motors and countless other devices. In these situations, the industrial control system must respond quickly and predictably to changing real-world conditions -- otherwise, disaster may result. An RTOS must function without buffering, processing latencies and other delays, which are perfectly acceptable in other types of operating systems. Two examples of RTOSes include FreeRTOS and VxWorks.

The differences between operating system types are not absolute, and some operating systems can share characteristics of others. For example, general-purpose operating systems routinely include the networking capabilities found in a traditional NOS. Similarly, an embedded operating system commonly includes attributes of an RTOS, while a mobile operating system can still typically run numerous apps simultaneously like other general-purpose operating systems.

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Translation of "covert" into Tagalog

lihim, tago, ampunan are the top translations of "covert" into Tagalog. Sample translated sentence: About 550 C.E., he sent two monks on a covert mission to China. ↔ Noong mga 550 C.E., nagpadala siya ng dalawang monghe na may lihim na misyon sa Tsina.

Partially hidden, disguised, secret, surreptitious. [..]

English-Tagalog dictionary

About 550 C.E., he sent two monks on a covert mission to China.

Noong mga 550 C.E., nagpadala siya ng dalawang monghe na may lihim na misyon sa Tsina.

Less frequent translations

Show algorithmically generated translations

Automatic translations of " covert " into Tagalog

Translations of "covert" into tagalog in sentences, translation memory.