task management case study

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Top 40 Most Popular Case Studies of 2021

Two cases about Hertz claimed top spots in 2021's Top 40 Most Popular Case Studies

Two cases on the uses of debt and equity at Hertz claimed top spots in the CRDT’s (Case Research and Development Team) 2021 top 40 review of cases.

Hertz (A) took the top spot. The case details the financial structure of the rental car company through the end of 2019. Hertz (B), which ranked third in CRDT’s list, describes the company’s struggles during the early part of the COVID pandemic and its eventual need to enter Chapter 11 bankruptcy. 

The success of the Hertz cases was unprecedented for the top 40 list. Usually, cases take a number of years to gain popularity, but the Hertz cases claimed top spots in their first year of release. Hertz (A) also became the first ‘cooked’ case to top the annual review, as all of the other winners had been web-based ‘raw’ cases.

Besides introducing students to the complicated financing required to maintain an enormous fleet of cars, the Hertz cases also expanded the diversity of case protagonists. Kathyrn Marinello was the CEO of Hertz during this period and the CFO, Jamere Jackson is black.

Sandwiched between the two Hertz cases, Coffee 2016, a perennial best seller, finished second. “Glory, Glory, Man United!” a case about an English football team’s IPO made a surprise move to number four.  Cases on search fund boards, the future of malls,  Norway’s Sovereign Wealth fund, Prodigy Finance, the Mayo Clinic, and Cadbury rounded out the top ten.

Other year-end data for 2021 showed:

• Online “raw” case usage remained steady as compared to 2020 with over 35K users from 170 countries and all 50 U.S. states interacting with 196 cases.
• Fifty four percent of raw case users came from outside the U.S..
• The Yale School of Management (SOM) case study directory pages received over 160K page views from 177 countries with approximately a third originating in India followed by the U.S. and the Philippines.
• Twenty-six of the cases in the list are raw cases.
• A third of the cases feature a woman protagonist.
• Orders for Yale SOM case studies increased by almost 50% compared to 2020.
• The top 40 cases were supervised by 19 different Yale SOM faculty members, several supervising multiple cases.

CRDT compiled the Top 40 list by combining data from its case store, Google Analytics, and other measures of interest and adoption.

All of this year’s Top 40 cases are available for purchase from the Yale Management Media store .

And the Top 40 cases studies of 2021 are:

1.   Hertz Global Holdings (A): Uses of Debt and Equity

2.   Coffee 2016

3.   Hertz Global Holdings (B): Uses of Debt and Equity 2020

4.   Glory, Glory Man United!

5.   Search Fund Company Boards: How CEOs Can Build Boards to Help Them Thrive

6.   The Future of Malls: Was Decline Inevitable?

7.   Strategy for Norway's Pension Fund Global

8.   Prodigy Finance

9.   Design at Mayo

10. Cadbury

11. City Hospital Emergency Room

13. Volkswagen

14. Marina Bay Sands

15. Shake Shack IPO

16. Mastercard

17. Netflix

18. Ant Financial

19. AXA: Creating the New CR Metrics

20. IBM Corporate Service Corps

21. Business Leadership in South Africa's 1994 Reforms

22. Alternative Meat Industry

23. Children's Premier

24. Khalil Tawil and Umi (A)

25. Palm Oil 2016

26. Teach For All: Designing a Global Network

27. What's Next? Search Fund Entrepreneurs Reflect on Life After Exit

28. Searching for a Search Fund Structure: A Student Takes a Tour of Various Options

30. Project Sammaan

31. Commonfund ESG

32. Polaroid

33. Connecticut Green Bank 2018: After the Raid

34. FieldFresh Foods

35. The Alibaba Group

36. 360 State Street: Real Options

37. Herman Miller

38. AgBiome

39. Nathan Cummings Foundation

40. Toyota 2010

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• Project Management

Top 15+ Project Management Case Studies with Examples 2024

Home Blog Project Management Top 15+ Project Management Case Studies with Examples 2024

Having worked for more than 9 years in the dynamic field of project management, I would strongly refer to real-world case studies as invaluable resources for both budding and experienced professionals. These case studies provide critical insights into the challenges and triumphs encountered in various industries, illustrating the application of project management principles in practical scenarios.   I have curated the project management case studies as a part of this article in such a way that it delves into a selection of compelling case studies, ranging from the healthcare sector to infrastructure and technology. Each case study is a testament to the strategic planning, adaptability, and innovative problem-solving skills necessary in today's fast-paced business environment. These narratives not only highlight past successes but also offer guidance for future projects, making them essential tools for anyone eager to excel in project management.

What is Case Study?

A case study refers to an in-depth examination of a specific case within the real-world context. It is a piece of content that sheds light on the challenges faced, solutions adopted, and the overall outcomes of a project. To understand project management case studies, it is important to first define what a project is . A project is a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end, aimed at achieving a specific goal or objective. Case studies are generally used by businesses during the proposal phase. However, they are also displayed on the websites of companies to provide prospects with a glance at the capabilities of the brands. It can even serve as an effective tool for lead generation. In simple words, case studies are stories that tell the target audience about the measures and strategies that the organization adopted to become successful.

What is Project Management Case Study?

A project management case study is a piece of content that highlights a project successfully managed by the organization. It showcases the challenges that the organization faced, the solutions adopted, and the final results. Keep reading in order to explore examples of successful project management case studies.

Top 15 Project Management Case Studies and Examples 

Are you looking for some project management case study examples? If yes, here are some of the best examples you can explore. Let’s dive in! Before diving in, here is the list of top 15 project management case studies: 

• Mavenlink Helps Improve Utilization Rates by 15% for BTM Global
• Boncom Reduces Billing Rate Errors by 100%
• whyaye! Reaches 80% Billable Utilization
• Metova Increases Billable Utilization by 10%
• Appetize Doubles Length of Forecasting Outlook
• RSM Improves Client Satisfaction and Global Business Processes
• CORE Business Technologies Increases Billable Utilization by 35%
• Health Catalyst Improves Business Processes and Increases Consistency in Project Delivery
• Optimus SBR Improves Forecasting Horizon by 50%
• PlainJoe Studios Increases Projects Closing Within Budget by 50%
• RPI Consultants Decreases Admin Time by 20%
• CBI's PMO Increases Billable Utilization By 30%
• Butterfly Increases Billable Time by 20%
• TeleTracking Increases Billable Utilization by 37%
• Taylors Improves Utilization Rates by 15%
• Hospital El Pilar improves Patient Care With implementing Disciplined Agile
• British Columbia’s Ministry of Technology and Infrastructure (MoTI)

1. Mavenlink Helps Improve Utilization Rates by 15% for BTM Global

The case study is all about how Mavenlink helped BTM Global Consulting to save hours of work and enhance utilization with resource management technology. BTM Global Consulting offers system development and integration services to diverse clients. The challenges that the company faced were that tools like Netsuite OpenAir and Excel spreadsheets were not able to meet the customization needs as the company grew. It impacted their overall productivity.

BTM Global saw the following benefits: 

• 15% increase in utilization for project managers
• 10% increase in companywide utilization
• 4-hour resource allocation work reduced to 10 minutes
• 100% Company-wide time tracking adoption

In order to overcome the challenge, the solution they adopted was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was that it increased the utilization of the company by 10% and enhanced project manager utilization by 15%. It also reduced resource allocation work from 4 hours to just 10 minutes.

2. Boncom Reduces Billing Rate Errors by 100% With Mavenlink

Boncom is an advertising agency that collaborates with different purpose driven brands to create goods worldwide. The challenge was that the company relied on several-point solutions for delivering client-facing projects. However, the solutions failed to offer the required operational functionality. An ideal solution for Boncom was to adopt Mavenlink. The result was that the billing rate error got reduced by 100%. Accurate forecasting became possible for Boncom, and the company could generate reports in much less time.

3. whyaye! Reaches 80% Billable Utilization with Mavenlink

Here are the top benefits whyaye got: 

• 6% increase in utilization
• Tripled company size
• Doubled in number of new clients every quarter
• Support through constant business scaling

whyaye is a digital transformation consultancy delivering IT transformation solutions to businesses operating in diverse sectors. The challenge was that whyaye used to manage resources and projects using tools such as emails, PowerPoint, and Microsoft Excel. However, with the growth of the company, they were not able to access project data or gain insights for effective management of the projects . The ultimate solution to this challenge was to make a switch to Mavenlink. The result was an increase in the utilization by 6%, doubling of new clients, tripling of the company size, and seamless support through business growth.

4. Metova Increases Billable Utilization by 10% With Mavenlink

If you are looking for a project planning case study, Metova can be the right example. Metova is a technology firm, a Gold Partner of Microsoft, and an advanced consulting partner of AWS. The challenge was that the company handled several projects at a time. However, its heavy dependence on tools like Google Sheets limited the growth capabilities of the organization. So, the company looked for a solution and switched to Mavenlink. The result was that it was able to increase its billable utilization by 10%, increase its portfolio visibility, and standardize its project management process.

5. Hospital El Pilar improves Patient Care With implementing Disciplined Agile

If you are looking for an example of one of the best hospital related project management case studies, then Hospital El Pilar can be the ideal one. Hospital El Pilar is a private hospital in Guatemala City, Guatemala, that provides comprehensive care to patients in various medical specialties. The challenge was that the hospital’s application development team faced several obstacles in managing and delivering projects, such as unclear priorities, a lack of visibility, little interaction with users, and competing demands. The solution that the team adopted was to use Disciplined Agile® (DA™), a flexible and pragmatic approach to project management that optimizes the way of working (WoW). The result was improved project outcomes, increased user satisfaction, greater transparency, and more trust from stakeholders and customers.

6. British Columbia’s Ministry of Technology and Infrastructure (MoTI) gets its principal corridor for transportation up in 35 days

Reconnecting Roads After Massive Flooding (2022) is a case study of how the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MoTI) used a project management approach based on the PMBOK® Guide to restore critical routes after a catastrophic weather event. It is one of the examples of successful project management case studies you can look into. The challenge was that an atmospheric river caused severe flooding, landslides, and bridge collapses, cutting off the lower mainland from the rest of Canada2. The solution was to prioritize the reopening of Highway 5, the principal corridor for transportation of goods and people, by creating scopes, work breakdown structures, and schedules for each site3. The result was that Highway 5 was reopened to commercial traffic in 35 days, despite additional weather challenges and risks4. The construction project management case study we discussed demonstrated the benefits of flexibility, collaboration, and communication in emergency response.

7. Appetize Doubles Length of Forecasting Outlook with Mavenlink

Here the the benefits Appetize got with Mavenlink: 

• Forecasting horizon increases to 12 weeks
• Management of 40+ major projects per quarter
• Support for rapid companywide scaling
• Salesforce integration supports project implementation

Appetize is one of the leading cloud-based points of sale (POS), enterprise management, and digital ordering platform that is trusted by a number of businesses. The challenge of the company was that its legacy project tracking systems were not able to meet the growing needs of the company. They experienced growth and manual data analysis challenges. The solution they found was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was an increase in the forecast horizon to 12 weeks, support for effective companywide scaling, easy management of over 40 major projects, and Salesforce integration for project implementation.

8. RSM Improves Client Satisfaction and Global Business Processes with Mavenlink

RSM is a tax, audit, and consulting company that provides a wide array of professional services to clients in Canada and the United States. The challenge of the company was that its legacy system lacked the necessary features required to support their work- and time-intensive projects and delivered insights relating to the project trends. An ideal solution to this challenge was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was better to risk mitigation in tax compliance, improved client-team communication, templatized project creation, and better use of the KPIs and project status.

9. CORE Business Technologies Increases Billable Utilization by 35% with Mavenlink

Here are the top benefits CORE Business Technologies got with Mavenlink: 

• Simultaneous in-progress projects doubled
• 100% company-wide time entry compliance
• 35% Increase in Billable Utilization
• 50% Increase in Team Productivity

Another top project management case study is the Core Business Technologies. CORE Business Technologies is a reputed single-source vendor self-service, in-person, and back-office processing to the clients. It offers SaaS-based payment solutions to clients. The challenge faced by the company was that its tools like spreadsheets, Zoho, and Microsoft Project led to a hectic work schedule owing to a huge number of disconnected systems. The solution to the challenge was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was the enhancement of team productivity by 50%, time entry compliance by 100%, and enhancement of the billable utilization rate by 35%.

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10. Client Success: Health Catalyst Improves Business Processes and Increases Consistency in Project Delivery with Mavenlink

Here are the top benefits Health Catalyst saw with Mavenlink:   

• Consistency in Successful Project Delivery 
• Improved Interdepartmental Communication 
• Deeper Resource Data Insights 
• Stronger Resource Forecasting

Health Catalyst is a company that delivers data and analytics services and technology to different healthcare organizations. The firm provides assistance to technicians and clinicians in the healthcare sector. The challenge of the company was that the tools like Intacct and spreadsheets that is used for project management were not able to provide the required data insights and clarity for better project management. It also limited effective resource management. The solution was to embrace Mavenlink. The result was better resource forecasting, enhanced interdepartmental communication, consistency in project delivery, and better resource data insights .

11. Client Success: Optimus SBR Improves Forecasting Horizon by 50% with Mavenlink

Optimus SBR is a leading professional service provider in North America. It offers the best results to companies operating in diverse sectors, including healthcare, energy, transportation, financial services, and more. The challenge was that legacy software tools that the firm used gave rise to project management issues. The company was not able to get a real-time revenue forecast or gain insights into its future financial performance. The solution that the company adopted was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was better data-driven hiring decisions, efficient delivery of remote work, and enhancement of the forecasting horizon by 50%.

12. Client Success: PlainJoe Studios Increases Projects Closing Within Budget by 50% With Mavenlink

Here are the benefits how Mavenlink helped PlainJoe: 

• Improved data insights for project success
• Enablement of fast shift to remote work
• Improved budgeting
• Increased rates in billing

PlainJoe Studios is an experimental design studio that focuses on digitally immersive and strategic storytelling. The company has a team of strategists, architects, and problem solvers to create value for the clients. The challenge of the company was that the manual processing of the company affected its ability to grow and manage the diverse project effectively. They lacked clarity about their project needs and profitability. The solution to deal with the challenge was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was an enhancement in the billing rates by 15%, better project closing within budget by 50%, better data insights for the success of different projects, and a faster shift to remote work.

13. Client Success: RPI Consultants Decreases Admin Time by 20% With Mavenlink

If you are looking for an example of one of the best software project management case studies, then RPI Consultants can be the ideal one. RPI Consultants offer expert project leadership and software consulting services for enterprise-level implementation of solutions and products. The challenge was that the task management solutions adopted by the company gave rise to a number of complications. It resulted in poor interdepartmental transparency and time-consuming data entry. The ultimate solution that the company embraced was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was a rise in the utilization rate by 5%, lowing of admin time by 20%, better forecasting and resource management, and a single source for gaining insights into the project data.

14. Client Success: CBI's PMO Increases Billable Utilization By 30% With Mavenlink

CBI is a company that is focused on protecting the reputations, data, and brands of its clients. The challenge that the company faced was that the solutions used were unable to meet the growing needs of the organization. The systems were outdated, data sharing was not possible, and time tracking was inconsistent. The solution to the challenge was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was better interdepartmental alignment, enhancement of time tracking to support business growth, an increase in the billable utilization rate by 30%, and detailed insights for a greater success of the projects.

15. Client Success: Butterfly Increases Billable Time by 20% with Mavenlink

Butterfly is a leading digital agency that provides digital strategy, website design and development services, and ongoing support to businesses across Australia. The challenge was that the different legacy systems used by the agency limited its capability of effective project management and reporting. The systems were time consuming and cumbersome. In order to deal with the challenge, the solution was to make a switch to Mavenlink. The result was the enhancement of billable time by 20%, fast reporting insights, enhancement of productive utilization by 16%, and better Jira integration.

16. Client Success: TeleTracking Increases Billable Utilization by 37% With Mavenlink

TeleTracking Technologies is a leading provider of patient flow automation solutions to various hospitals in the healthcare sector. The challenge of the company was that it used different systems such as Microsoft Excel, Sharepoint, MS Project, Jira, and Netsuite. The use of a variety of solutions created a number of challenges for the company. It had poor forecasting capability, an insufficient time tracking process, and unclear resource utilization. The solution was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was the enhancement of time tracking compliance by 100%, rise in hours to date by 18%, and enhancement of billable utilization by 37%.

17. Client Success: Taylors Improves Utilization Rates by 15% with Mavenlink

This is a perfect example of a construction project management case study. Taylor Development Strategists is a leading civil engineering and urban planning organization in Australia. The challenge that the company faced was that the systems that it used were not able to support the growth of the business. There were a lot of inefficiencies and limitations. The solution to the challenge was to switch to Mavenlink. The result was better global collaboration, an increase in the utilization rate by 15%, consistency of timesheet entry, and in-depth insights relating to utilization and project targets.

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Start Creating Your Project Management Case Study

Not that you have a detailed idea about project management case studies, it is time to prepare your own. When doing the project management case study exercise, make sure to focus on covering all the important elements. Clearly stating the challenges and the solutions adopted by the company is important. If you want to get better at project management, getting a PMP Certification can be beneficial.

Case Study Best Practices and Tips 

• Involve your clients in the preparation of the case study. 
• Make use of graphs and data. 
• Mix images, texts, graphs, and whitespace effectively.

Project Management Case Study Template 

To create a well-crafted and highly informative case study template in the realms of project management, you should start by providing a brief overview of the client's company, focusing on its industry, scale, and specific challenges. Follow with a detailed section on the challenge, emphasizing the unique aspects of the project and obstacles faced. Next, you might want to describe the solution implemented, detailing the strategies, methodologies, and tools used. Then, you would need to present the results, quantifying improvements and highlighting objectives achieved. Finally, please conclude the case study with a summary, encapsulating key takeaways and emphasizing the project's success and its implications for future endeavors. By following this structure, you can present a comprehensive yet concise analysis that is ideal for showcasing project management expertise and insights. You can also refer to the template for crafting a better case study on project management – Template for writing case studies .

By now, you must have gained a comprehensive knowledge of preparing a project management case study. This article elaborately explains the significance of real life project management case studies as vital tools for demonstrating a company's expertise in handling complex projects. These case studies, showcasing real-world scenarios, serve as compelling evidence of a firm's capability to navigate challenges and implement effective solutions, thereby boosting confidence in potential clients and partners. They are not only a reflection of past successes but also a lighthouse guiding future project endeavors in the discipline of project management within the fields of construction, pharmacy, technology and finance, highlighting the importance of strategic planning, innovation, and adaptability in project management. If you are aspiring to excel in this field, understanding these case studies is invaluable. However, you would also need to learn from project management failures case studies which would provide a roadmap to mastering the art of project management in today's dynamic business landscape.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

In order to write a project management case study, keep everything brief but mention everything in detail. Make sure to write it with clarity and include graphs and images. 

A project study must include information about the client, how your company helped the client in resolving a problem, and the results.

The best-case studies on project management have been listed above. It includes BTM Global, Butterfly, Boncom, and more.

Kevin D.Davis

Kevin D. Davis is a seasoned and results-driven Program/Project Management Professional with a Master's Certificate in Advanced Project Management. With expertise in leading multi-million dollar projects, strategic planning, and sales operations, Kevin excels in maximizing solutions and building business cases. He possesses a deep understanding of methodologies such as PMBOK, Lean Six Sigma, and TQM to achieve business/technology alignment. With over 100 instructional training sessions and extensive experience as a PMP Exam Prep Instructor at KnowledgeHut, Kevin has a proven track record in project management training and consulting. His expertise has helped in driving successful project outcomes and fostering organizational growth.

Avail your free 1:1 mentorship session.

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Exploring Project Management Case Studies: A Comprehensive Guide

• January 25, 2024

Project management has become an essential skill for organizations to achieve their goals efficiently. By effectively managing projects, businesses can streamline processes, improve productivity, and ultimately drive success. To understand the intricacies of project management, it is crucial to explore various case studies that offer real-life insights into successful project management practices. This comprehensive guide aims to provide a deep dive into project management, highlighting key principles, methodologies, and the role of a project manager.

Understanding the Basics of Project Management

Project management is a crucial discipline that involves the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities. Its primary goal is to meet specific project requirements by carefully planning, executing, controlling, and closing projects within defined constraints. These constraints typically include factors such as time, cost, and scope. By effectively managing these elements, project managers aim to achieve predetermined objectives while ensuring efficient resource utilization.

Defining Project Management

At its core, project management is a multifaceted process that requires a comprehensive understanding of various project elements. It encompasses the coordination of tasks, resources, and stakeholders to achieve project goals. By employing proven methodologies and strategies , project managers can effectively navigate the complexities of project execution.

Successful project management involves breaking down complex projects into manageable tasks, establishing clear project objectives, and developing a well-defined project plan . This plan serves as a roadmap for the project, outlining the necessary steps, timelines, and deliverables. By having a solid plan in place, project managers can effectively allocate resources, manage risks, and monitor progress throughout the project lifecycle.

Key Principles of Project Management

Project management is guided by a set of key principles that serve as the foundation for successful project execution. These principles include:

• Clear Project Objectives: Clearly defining project objectives is essential for project success. By having well-defined goals, project managers can align project activities and ensure that everyone is working towards a common purpose.
• Effective Communication: Communication is a critical aspect of project management. Project managers must establish open lines of communication with stakeholders, team members, and other relevant parties to ensure that information flows smoothly and that everyone is kept informed about project progress.
• Stakeholder Engagement: Engaging stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle is vital. By involving stakeholders in decision-making processes and keeping them informed, project managers can gain valuable insights and ensure that project outcomes meet stakeholder expectations.
• Risk Management: Identifying and managing risks is an integral part of project management. Project managers must proactively assess potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. By addressing risks early on, project managers can minimize their impact on project outcomes.
• Continuous Improvement: Project management is an iterative process that requires continuous improvement . Project managers should regularly evaluate project performance, identify areas for improvement, and implement corrective actions. By embracing a culture of continuous improvement, project managers can enhance project outcomes and drive organizational success.

The Role of a Project Manager

A project manager plays a pivotal role in the success of any project. They are responsible for planning, organizing, and overseeing all project activities. Key responsibilities of a project manager include:

• Planning: Project managers develop comprehensive project plans that outline the necessary tasks, timelines, and resources required for successful project execution. They establish project objectives, define deliverables, and allocate resources accordingly.
• Team Management: Project managers are responsible for assembling and managing project teams. They assign tasks, provide guidance, and ensure that team members have the necessary resources and support to complete their work effectively.
• Communication: Project managers serve as the primary point of contact for all project-related communication. They facilitate effective communication between team members , stakeholders, and other relevant parties to ensure that everyone is aligned and informed.
• Decision-making: Project managers make critical decisions throughout the project lifecycle. They analyze information, evaluate options, and make informed choices that align with project objectives and stakeholder expectations.
• Monitoring and Control: Project managers continuously monitor project progress, track performance against established metrics, and implement necessary control measures. They identify deviations from the plan and take corrective actions to keep the project on track.

By fulfilling these roles and responsibilities, project managers act as leaders, decision-makers, and facilitators. They work closely with stakeholders to ensure that project goals are met, deliverables are achieved, and project outcomes align with organizational objectives.

The Importance of Project Management

Project management plays a crucial role in the success of organizations. It is a discipline that involves planning, organizing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals and objectives. Effective project management ensures that projects are executed efficiently, meeting the desired outcomes while staying within the allocated budget and time frame.

Benefits of Effective Project Management

Effective project management offers numerous benefits to organizations. Firstly, it enhances collaboration among team members. By establishing clear roles and responsibilities, project managers facilitate effective communication and coordination, ensuring that everyone is working towards a common goal. This collaboration fosters innovation, creativity, and synergy among team members, leading to higher productivity and better outcomes.

Furthermore, effective project management promotes efficient resource allocation . Project managers carefully analyze the project requirements and allocate resources, such as manpower, equipment, and materials, in the most optimal way. This ensures that resources are utilized effectively, minimizing waste and maximizing productivity. By efficiently managing resources, organizations can achieve cost savings and improve their overall operational efficiency.

In addition, effective project management minimizes risks. Project managers identify potential risks and develop strategies to mitigate them. They create contingency plans and establish risk management processes to address any unforeseen events or challenges that may arise during the project. By proactively managing risks, organizations can minimize disruptions, avoid costly mistakes, and ensure the successful completion of projects.

Moreover, effective project management enables effective decision-making. Project managers gather relevant data, analyze information, and make informed decisions based on the project’s objectives and constraints. They consider various factors, such as cost, quality, and time, to make decisions that align with the organization’s overall strategy. This ensures that projects are executed in a way that maximizes value and achieves the desired outcomes.

Lastly, effective project management ensures projects are completed on time and within budget. Project managers develop detailed project plans, set realistic timelines, and monitor progress to ensure that projects stay on track . They closely monitor project costs and implement cost control measures to prevent budget overruns. By delivering projects on time and within budget, organizations can enhance customer satisfaction, build trust, and maintain a competitive edge in the market.

Consequences of Poor Project Management

Scope creep.

On the other hand, poor project management can have severe consequences for organizations. When project management is not effectively implemented, it can result in scope creep. Scope creep refers to the continuous expansion of project requirements beyond the initial scope, leading to increased costs, delays, and a loss of focus. This can strain relationships with stakeholders, as their expectations may not be met, and can ultimately lead to project failure.

Budget overruns

Poor project management can also result in budget overruns. Without proper planning and control, projects can exceed their allocated budgets, causing financial strain on the organization. This can lead to reduced profitability, cash flow issues, and potential financial losses. Additionally, budget overruns can negatively impact the organization’s reputation, as stakeholders may view the organization as inefficient or unreliable.

Missed deadlines

Missed deadlines are another consequence of poor project management. When projects are not effectively managed, timelines may not be realistic or properly monitored. This can lead to delays in project completion, causing frustration among stakeholders and potentially impacting the organization’s ability to deliver products or services on time. Missed deadlines can also result in missed business opportunities, as competitors may gain an advantage by delivering similar projects more efficiently.

Strain relationships with stakeholders

Furthermore, poor project management can strain relationships with stakeholders. When projects are not effectively communicated or managed, stakeholders may feel excluded or uninformed. This can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and a lack of trust in the organization’s ability to execute projects successfully. Strained relationships can have long-term consequences, as stakeholders may choose to disengage from future projects or seek alternative partnerships.

Damage a company’s reputation

Ultimately, failed projects can damage a company’s reputation. When projects fail to meet their objectives, it can erode customer confidence and trust in the organization’s ability to deliver on its promises. This can result in a loss of business opportunities, as potential customers may choose to work with competitors who have a track record of successful project execution. Additionally, failed projects can demoralize employees and create a negative work environment, impacting overall organizational performance.

In conclusion, effective project management is vital for organizations to achieve their goals and objectives. It offers numerous benefits, including enhanced collaboration, efficient resource allocation, risk mitigation, effective decision-making, and timely project completion. On the other hand, poor project management can have severe consequences, such as scope creep, budget overruns, missed deadlines, strained relationships, and damage to the organization’s reputation. Therefore, organizations should prioritize investing in project management practices and ensure they have skilled project managers who can effectively lead and execute projects.

Diving into Project Management Processes

Initiation phase.

In the initiation phase, project managers work closely with stakeholders to define project objectives and analyze feasibility. This phase involves identifying the project scope, clarifying deliverables, and assembling the project team. It sets the stage for the successful execution of the project.

Planning Phase

The planning phase is a critical stage where project managers develop a detailed roadmap for project execution. It involves defining project activities, estimating resources and timelines, identifying risks, and developing contingency plans. Effective planning ensures all project stakeholders have a clear understanding of project requirements and paves the way for seamless execution.

Execution Phase

In the execution phase, project plans are put into action. Project managers coordinate and oversee the project team, allocate resources, and monitor progress. Effective communication and collaboration are crucial during this phase to address any issues that may arise and keep the project on track.

Closure Phase

The closure phase signifies the completion of the project. Project managers conduct a final review to ensure all deliverables have been met, obtain stakeholder feedback, and document lessons learned. This phase allows organizations to celebrate successes, evaluate performance, and gather valuable insights for future projects.

Project Management Methodologies

Waterfall methodology.

The waterfall methodology is a linear approach to project management, where tasks are completed sequentially. It involves distinct phases, with one phase starting only after the previous one is finished. This methodology is ideal for projects with well-defined requirements and limited changes expected throughout the project lifecycle.

Agile Methodology

The agile methodology is an iterative and flexible approach to project management. It emphasizes adaptability, collaboration, and continuous improvement. Agile projects are divided into short iterations called sprints, with frequent feedback loops, allowing for rapid adjustments and enhancements as the project progresses.

Hybrid Methodology

The hybrid methodology combines elements of both waterfall and agile methodologies. It allows project managers to tailor their approach based on project requirements and complexity. A hybrid approach offers the flexibility of agile methodologies while still incorporating structured planning and control from the waterfall model.

By delving into project management case studies, we can uncover valuable insights and lessons from successful projects. Understanding the basics of project management, recognizing its importance, and following established processes and methodologies sets the stage for achieving project goals efficiently. Whether you choose a traditional waterfall approach, an agile methodology, or a hybrid model, the key to project management success lies in effective leadership, collaboration, and adaptability.

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What is task management?

Task management is more than a to-do list. It means tracking tasks from beginning to end, delegating subtasks to teammates, and setting deadlines to make sure projects get done on time. Task management software, like Asana, empowers teams to work more productively and efficiently.

What does task management software do?

Do you waste time organizing sticky notes, searching your email, or writing to-do lists ? Luckily, Asana can help. Prioritize tasks, manage time more effectively, hit deadlines—all in one task manager tool.

What are the most important features to consider in a task management tool?

Your task management tool should have everything you need to manage and execute your work. Make sure the task management software you choose aggregates your to-dos in one view—at the project and portfolio level. You’ll also want to look for a tool that gives you the flexibility to do your work your way by offering integrations with your favorite business apps. And last but certainly not least, make sure the task management software you select has a way to automate your workflows with rules, templates, and more.

What does it mean to multi-home tasks?

Multi-homing is the centerpiece of cross-functional collaboration in Asana. Your most important work happens with team members from other departments—who each have their own way of storing and organizing to-dos. With multi-homing, you can house the same task in multiple projects (rather than creating duplicates of the task, which can quickly get outdated). Then, if you change any task details in one project, those changes are instantly and automatically reflected across every other project in real time.

What are subtasks?

Subtasks help you break the work of a task into smaller parts in order to divide up the work among multiple people. For example, a “blog post” task has several parts. One person needs to write the blog, another needs to review it, and so on. In this case, each individual component would be its own subtask, assigned to the person responsible for completing it. All subtasks are housed within a parent task—the blog post task—making it easy for stakeholders to stay connected to the overarching context of their work.

What are task templates? How can they help me?

With task templates, you can templatize any task-level process. For example, if every contract review requires five steps, you can create an easily duplicatable contract review task template. If you want to templatize project-level processes, try creating a workflow to coordinate work seamlessly across teams.

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Case Study: How we have created a task management software

Running a startup or any kind of business requires extensive practice, skills, knowledge and expertise. Moreover, balancing the time, tasks and people is difficult as well. According to the recent study, over 10,500 projects found that օnly 2.5% of companies complete their projects successfully. Sounds disappointing, right? That’s why using a task management software would be a way out. Thanks to the task management software. Over 77% of high-performing activities have been completed and met with success. Not only does it help you keep all processes smooth, but you can also better plan the day-to-day workload. Having that in mind, almost all companies have opted for the task management software to maintain time accountability, assess the task and better manage them. Sounds impressive, right? Let’s delve into the details below!

What exactly is a task management system?

From its name, companies utilize a task management system to monitor and track the activities of any team member or the entire team. Not only can this system help them better manage all the aspects of a task such as status, priority, the time spent, people involved, etc., but it also allows team leaders or managers to track the tasks better and make wiser decisions based on the progress. More importantly, it divides a project into smaller and manageable chunks.

Task management system and project management system: What’s the difference?

It’s no secret that many people confuse a project management system with a task management one. Unfortunately, these platforms are closely related, but cannot be used interchangeably — a project management system usually includes a task management system. Not only does a task management system help you divide organizational/project goals into tasks and subtasks, but you can also assign tasks to the team members, set deadlines and monitor their progress. Moreover, it is built specifically to focus on task-related aspects only and can be used for a short-term, long-term, or permanent process.

The project management system includes strategic planning, budgeting, resource management, documentation, managing and tracking tasks.

Why do you need a task management system?

Only by having an effective task management system in place can your teams and managers achieve significant control over the task completion. Let’s take a closer look at why it may be a necessity for your business:

• There is a need to create, customize and improve the workflow by better organizing task completion within the teams.
• There is a need to store all the documents in one database so that any team member can access them with a simple click.
• There is a need to increase the overall productivity of your teams by providing uninterrupted communication.
• There is a need to minimize the risk of data loss and increase the efficiency of work.
• There is a need to manage daily tasks anywhere and anytime and prioritize them.
• There is a need to set reminders to execute tasks.

What’s the idea of the project?

Developing and implementing a variety of digital software solutions for logistics and booking , e-commerce and e-learning , fintech , and recruiting business niches , we can build a customizable solution based on your business needs and requirements. If you face challenges when scheduling your projects and tracking their progress, we are here to help you. Not only can you grow your business, but our bespoke solutions enable you to increase revenue. Tracking the progress of tasks manually will never kill an hour. With the task manager, you can better manage the projects and keep track of each team member’s progress in a jiffy. Moreover, you can do the following:

• easily move through the workflow;
• keep teams on the same page;
• meet deadlines;
• prioritize tasks;
• communicate and discuss within the system.

Having that in mind, our team has come up with a great concept of creating a task management system including all the features and functionality you need to monitor and track tasks more efficiently. Sounds interesting, right? So let’s dive into the details below!

Project structure of the task management platform

Below you will find technologies that may be utilized when developing a task management platform. Take a look below!

Development process of the task management system

Here you can find more detailed information about the development process of the task management system. Let’s dive into the details below:

When working on the task management platform, we applied agile methodology that helped us better coordinate and balance the workload among teams. The team consisted of the following specialists:

• 1 Business analyst (BA)
• 1 Project manager (PM)
• 2 UI/UX designers
• 3 Front-end engineers
• 2 Quality assurance engineers (QA)
• 1 Backend engineer

Methodology

When creating the task management system, we have opted for the agile software development methodology taking into account its advantages:

• We could prioritize the client’s needs over the requirements when planning the development process.
• We could adapt to any change in the client’s requirements.
• We delivered a working system providing value at the end of each sprint.
• As a result, we have implemented 24 sprints during which the development team completed the project and reached established goals successfully.

Development

During the Product Discovery phase, Business Analyst gathered requirements and prepared documentation - the functional specifications. In addition to that, BA elicited and analyzed the requirements to make sure that the future system would work as the client wanted. Once all the requirements were identified, the team was able to identify users roles - user and administrator and its key functionality:

• team workspaces
• time tracking
• Gantt chart
• percent-progress
• to-do list view

Having reviewed all the documentation, Project Manager provided the client with a preliminary estimate and suggested the roadmap for the development process of the future task management system. Once it was approved, we divided the planned scope of work (so-called Backlog) into smaller parts named 2-week sprints. The team implemented 24 sprints within 12 months. In addition to that, the Project Manager had the overall responsibility for task management, risk mitigation, and reporting to the client and stakeholders. Only after receiving which features from the backlog the team would work this sprint could it start the design, development and testing process. QA engineers worked together with software developers in a spirit of collaboration to detect any potential issues within the task management system and fixed them. Once the system was free of bugs, we launched it, upgraded, and made improvements based on the client’s requirements.

Below you can find the user roles within the task management system. Not only will it give you a better understanding of the users’ privileges on the platform, but you can also define permissions for users to perform a group of tasks. There are two user levels you can find: User and Administrator .

• Users are any person who can register on the platform, select a course and pay for it within the online course platform.
• Administrator has the highest administrative responsibility level within the task management system and can customize that access for users.

User Dashboard

Once you have registered as a User, you are redirected to your homepage. Here you will see the workspace you are connected to. For example, it can be a workspace for the design team or the marketing team. Let’s take a closer look below!

With the Workspace feature, not only can you safely collaborate, but you can also share important documents or any information you need to better collaborate with the team. Here you can see the following info:

• my meetings;
• recent communication.

In addition to that, you can see the upcoming meetings and tasks progress.

The Board feature allows you to see the units of work that form the project. With this feature, you can see what projects the team is working on. Not only does it help you discover the projects within your department, but you can also see what projects are dedicated to your team. In addition to that, you can select a list or grid view, discover the number of the tasks and explore the team working on the project.

With the Tasks feature, you are in the know how many tasks have been assigned, and when they need to be accomplished. Each task has a title or description, start/end date, and it can also include details such as task assignees, status, priority and percentage complete. Usually, the tasks are placed based on which activity needs to be completed before others can begin.

The Meetings feature allows you to be in the know about the meetings you are involved in. Not only can you see the agenda, start time, linkage to a task, date of the meeting, duration of period, discussion points, follow-up actions, but you can also discover who from the team will take part in the meeting and their decisions.

With the Timesheets feature, you can view project progress using a bar chart that clearly illustrates everything from task lists and individually assigned responsibilities — all within the context of the overall project schedule. In addition to that, you can track, review, and approve timesheets quickly and easily.

The Chat feature provides advanced collaboration functionality for the users within the task management system. Not only can team members connect, but they can share all the important data related to the tasks in different formats - text, video, etc. In addition to that, they can edit or delete the content of a message sent.

Admin Dashboard

Only by logging in the task management system as an Administrator can you be on the main page. Here you can access important areas of the task management solution such as Workspace , Users , Tasks , Timesheets , Meetings , Reports and System Settings . Let’s find out more details about them below!

With the Workspace feature, you can create an environment that brings team members together. Not only can you easily navigate across teams, departments or projects, but you can also better manage multiple departments and teams. Moreover, you can add users to any workspace.

With this feature, you can see all the information about the users within the task management system such as name, position, skype ID, and task completion line. In addition to that, you can explore a team, edit, export, share, and delete information about any user by clicking on the chosen user.

Thanks to the Tasks feature, you can see all the tasks within the team. Not only does it help you better understand their status, prioritization and date, but you can also create a new task and assign it to any team member. In addition to that, you can see who the task owner is and track the percentage to complete the tasks.

Thanks to this feature, you can create project plans, visualize task dependencies and set milestones. Not only does it help you identify critical paths, but you can also meet deadlines for various projects. Only by knowing how much time the team members spend on tasks can you spot time-management problems and improve the workflow.

Thanks to this feature, you can schedule a meeting and easily set up a collaboration. Not only does it help you pick the most important problem facing your team, but it enables you to put the team together and solve it. Only by setting an agenda can you better prepare for the meeting and discuss with other members of the team some important questions or issues.

With the Reports feature, you can see a summary overview of the current status of the tasks in any team. Not only does it help you keep up to date on the progress of the project or the task, but you can also be in the know about any pressing challenges the project may be facing. Moreover, this feature simplifies the reporting process and provide a needed head-start on monitoring your tasks.

System Settings

Directly from the main menu, you can reach the System Settings page. Not only can you configure the task management system, but you can also make a change to the directory-specific areas such as Workspace, Users, Tasks, Timesheets, Meetings, Reports, Notifications, etc.

Key features of the task management system

Here you can find out some essential features of the task management platform.

• Time tracking : with this feature, you can keep track of the hours spent on individual tasks and on the project as a whole and have more control over your project costs.
• Gantt chart : with this feature, you can better schedule and plan projects of all sizes, view a start-to-finish project timeline.
• Percent-progress : with this feature, you can see visual percent-progress widgets that offer a quick snapshot of your progress.
• Chat : thanks to this feature. You can communicate and collaborate with the team members in real time instead of writing heavy emails daily.
• To-do list view : with this feature, you are provided with a list of all of the tasks you need to complete during a particular period of time.
• Reports : thanks to this feature. You can get regular updates that allow you to summarize the current status of a project.

Benefits of the task management system

Here we have reviewed some important benefits you can reap of:

• Boost your productivity : with the task management platform, you can locate tasks with their due dates so that any team member can view them and plan activities accordingly.
• Delegate tasks effectively : with this software, not only can you assign the right task to the right person, but you can also monitor their progress and increase productivity, both on a personal and organizational level.
• Simplify the process of task prioritization : thanks to the task management solution through which you can not only prioritize all of the tasks according to importance and urgency, but it also lets workers complete multiple parts of different projects on time and meet the deadlines.
• Better management : with the task management software, you can keep essential information about the tasks in one place.
• Clearly defined goals : thanks to this platform where you can define the goals and objectives in a better way and assign tasks in accordance to them so that your team achieve successful results.

How to choose the task management solution for your company

As you may know, selecting the right task management software is a daunting task. Definitely, you’re looking for new software to solve a problem you faced. Whether it’s information that needs to be managed or a process you are eager to automate or improve, the right task management system comes into play to facilitate working with the problematic area of your business. Think about your daily routine and make a list of all activities:

• What are your daily tasks?
• What are your teams’ daily tasks?
• How do you monitor and track these tasks?
• How do you manage all the workflows?
• How would you want your work to be facilitated?

Only by answering these questions can you identify the problematic areas and map out your company’s current workflow. Based on that information, you can look through the task management platforms and start with a basic trial plan before making a decision on the most suitable software solution. Moreover, you can find a reliable tech partner and develop a custom task management system in accordance with your unique business needs and requirements.

Bottom line: Are you ready to incorporate a task management system?

Running a company, department, or an individual team is a tedious process. Using a time management system is a way out. Not only does it help you increase the task completion, but it will also ensure everyone is on the same page. Only by incorporating a task management solution in your company can you track the time spent on work and better manage workflow. In addition to that, you will be able to see detailed information about the tasks and ensure the team is meeting deadlines. We, at DDI Development, have vast technical experience in developing and delivering a diversity of software solutions that meet any business needs. Let us know if you want to implement a task management system into your company and bring better results by changing the way you deal with task scheduling.

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How to Write a Management Case Study

Last Updated: July 29, 2024 Approved

This article was co-authored by Pete Canalichio . Pete Canalichio is a Brand Strategist, Licensing Expert, and Founder of BrandAlive. With nearly 30 years of experience at companies such as Coca-Cola and Newell Brands, he specializes in helping brands find the most authentic parts of their story to build a brand strategy. Pete holds an MBA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a BS in Physics from the United States Naval Academy. In 2006, he won an MVP Award from Newell Brands for his contributions to their Global Licensing department. He’s also penned the award-winning book, Expand, Grow, Thrive. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. In this case, several readers have written to tell us that this article was helpful to them, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 142,267 times.

A management case study contains a description of real-life management issues and proposed solutions. Students, practitioners and professionals write case studies to thinking critically about issues, and devise and implement remedies for challenging management situations. A case study generally contains facts, theories, assumptions, analysis, and prioritized solutions. The following are the steps for writing a management case study.

Identify the Objective, Method and Facts

• Choose an analytical approach to increase awareness. In the preliminary stages of solving management problems, an analytical case study might best meet the goal of alerting upper management to core facts and issues. An analytical case study primarily focuses on what has occurred and why.
• Select a problem-solving approach to pinpoint and solve major issues. If the goal is to make solution recommendations, write a problem-solving case study that clearly outlines problems and solutions.

Set the Scope for Readers

Focus on Issues and Solutions

• Address the challenges that might accompany suggested solutions. For example, cross-cultural conflicts in an organization might require additional training for managers, which may require funds or an extensive search for topic experts.

Provide a Clear Conclusion

Cite References

Expert Q&A

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Thanks for reading our article! If you’d like to learn more about starting a business, check out our in-depth interview with Pete Canalichio .

• ↑ https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2017/04/03/how-to-write-a-case-study
• ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/assignments/casestudy
• http://monash.edu/lls/llonline/quickrefs/27-case-study.pdf
• http://www.schreyerinstitute.psu.edu/pdf/CaseWritingGuide.pdf

About This Article

To write a management case study, first give a clear industry overview of the problem and explain theories and current knowledge. Next, pinpoint all the important issues and identify any underlying problems. For example, conflicts between team members might stem from unclear workplace policies. Finally, generate effective solutions and explain why they will work. Wrap it up with a conclusion that summarizes the problems and solutions you discussed. Read on for more details on how to conduct research for a management case study and cite your sources. Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Project Management Design for a Digital Workplace SaaS App

web / macOS / desktop / iOS / android

Helps teams stay on track with their projects while speeding up their workflow.

Me - lead UX Designer CEO Product Owner Engineering Team Design Systems Designer

My Main Responsibilities

I led the design of this feature from concept through to implementation - from discovering insights through research, scoping the feature, aligning stakeholders around my design vision, prototyping user flows, interaction design, UI Design, usability testing

The Problem

Teams have assets spread across multiple business applications. As a result:

• 🕵️ attached files become hard to find
• 🤦‍♀️ conversations get lost
• 👻 lack of transparency around project goals
• 🥸 unsure who is responsible for certain pieces of the project

This slows down productivity & causes teams to feel chaos in their work lives.

Target Audience

For first release we will target Managers and Individual Contributors who work on project driven teams

Research Insights

Together with the Product Owner, I performed user interviews with managers, directors and individual contributors at 10 companies. The goal was to learn about how they work as a team, what is important to their processes, and what pain points do they have in their current process.

Pain Points:

Design Exploration

Analyzing feedback.

After the interviews were complete, I grouped the insights together into an affinity map, using Miro, to visualize the common patterns. At this time, I am starting to present to the product team. This is to start to get ideas brewing and have the engineering team start thinking about what we will need to build.

A portion of the feedback from user interviews shared with the product team

Deliver an easy to use system that:

• Brings awareness to teams
• Cuts down on micromanaging
• Speeds up workflows
• Improves communication

Scoping the Feature

Working closely with product leadership, I ran a workshop where we scoped our v1 release, driven by the insights I uncovered from the research.

User stories crafted from insights discovered through user interviews

My design team is spread out throughout the world, located in Uruguay and Bulgaria. I ran remote ideation sessions using Invision Freehand for us to whiteboard ideas together, focused on the information architecture of the app, and how managing tasks can fit into that structure. Our approach was to not only design a viable solution for the v1 release that was agreed upon with product leadership, but also focused on the larger picture of the feature. This allowed features that were scoped as a v2 to fit in nicely into the product.

As we were exploring UX concepts for the feature, we took the following into consideration:

• First time users vs. returning experienced users
• Teams with a few open projects vs teams with a heavy amount of open projects
• Different types of projects teams could be running, short term vs long term, small projects vs large projects

Whiteboarding in Invision Freehand ideating with remote design team

Lean Design & Early Testing

I worked lean so I could start testing prototypes to receive early feedback. Early tests focused on taking the design hypothesis we had for creating the task structure as well as re-ordering the tasks to validate if we were going in the right direction. One of my tactics to understand the mental model of users in regards to creating and managing tasks was I ran a workshop with paper prototypes.

Paper prototype workshop that I conducted with users to understand more of their mental model in regards to creating and managing tasks

Results from Usability Testing

Through ongoing testing I learned which user tasks needed to be simplified. I also learned which data our user base preferred to see at a glance vs. what information they are okay with clicking into the task to view more data. As for the structure, users understood how to set up their tasks as the conceptual model that I designed met their mental model. The competitive research I conducted helped a lot in guiding me with designing the conceptual model. I also discovered that task creators would prefer to be able to input all task data during a 1-step creation process. My original design required the creator to create the task with minimal data (name / due date / assignee / description) and then forced them to open the task if they wanted to insert additional data. Feedback revealed this 2-step process would be a pain point.

Portion of user feedback from usability testing which resulted in a redesign of the app navigation

How might we make projects more transparent so members are aware on who owns certain initiatives?

Bring Transparency to the Team

Managers can break down initiatives and have everyone aware of what their responsibilities are.

Column cells are interactive so users can quickly modify the metadata of a task

Using Timeline view, managers can set dependencies and get a view of how many tasks are overlapping each other.

Hovering over tasks gives the user a preview of the metadata in a tooltip as well as the option to set task dependencies

Team members can access documents, post their updates, know when tasks are due and what needs to be done. They can communicate updates and issues with each other. Managers can learn of blockers so they can jump in to remove them.

How might we eliminate the need to micromanage so management can worry less about status and focus more on removing roadblocks?

No Need to Micromanage

Visualizing project data allows managers to see at a glance who is blocked & see how the project is progressing without needing to constantly check in with direct reports

How might we remove friction in order to speed up workflows so users can see the benefits of using our product?

Speeding up Workflows

Integrating our features together allows customers to create within their current workflow.

Creating a task from a chat message

Light Theme

Mobile Designs

The mobile app is optimized for the user interacting with the interface using their thumb. The primary action is located at the bottom of the screen, and the app utilizes sheets for presenting users with menu options.

Working with a design system designer, we created a custom design system using the Atomic Design approach.

Custom components designed for light and dark theme

Released to market

Opens up new revenue streams for the business

1,400 active users & growing

Organic growth with minimal marketing spend

Launched a research user group

Passionate users are joining our group to participate in usability tests and research sessions

User Quotes

“This [app] answers a lot of my frustrations in my role at the moment, having one central place where everything is stored and accessed and you can manage workflow and capacity and resourcing, it’s what we‘ve trying to get to for a long time.”

“[This] platform is similar to Trello, but easier to use and more intuitive.”

“We have broken feedback loops in the team, we lose time because of our stuff being all over the place, so this tool helps us.”

Next Project

Mobile App Onboarding

© 2022 All rights reserved by Michael Crane

Management Case Study

Exam windows, exam resources.

Resources to help you prepare for your case study exam.

Exam Resource

A Walkthrough of Real Exam Answers

Tables and formulae provided in exam, free exam and question tutorial management case study, case study performance descriptors, calculator guidance, resitters guide - ot and cs exams, learning resources catalogue, what do my exam results mean, further reading.

Exam Technique

Case Study support 1 – preparing for the Case Study exam

Case study support 2 – planning a good answer, case study support 3 – developing a fuller answer.

Study Support

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15 Real-Life Case Study Examples & Best Practices

Written by: Oghale Olori

Case studies are more than just success stories.

They are powerful tools that demonstrate the practical value of your product or service. Case studies help attract attention to your products, build trust with potential customers and ultimately drive sales.

It’s no wonder that 73% of successful content marketers utilize case studies as part of their content strategy. Plus, buyers spend 54% of their time reviewing case studies before they make a buying decision.

To ensure you’re making the most of your case studies, we’ve put together 15 real-life case study examples to inspire you. These examples span a variety of industries and formats. We’ve also included best practices, design tips and templates to inspire you.

Let’s dive in!

Table of Contents

What is a case study, 15 real-life case study examples, sales case study examples, saas case study examples, product case study examples, marketing case study examples, business case study examples, case study faqs.

• A case study is a compelling narrative that showcases how your product or service has positively impacted a real business or individual. 
• Case studies delve into your customer's challenges, how your solution addressed them and the quantifiable results they achieved.
• Your case study should have an attention-grabbing headline, great visuals and a relevant call to action. Other key elements include an introduction, problems and result section.
• Visme provides easy-to-use tools, professionally designed templates and features for creating attractive and engaging case studies.

A case study is a real-life scenario where your company helped a person or business solve their unique challenges. It provides a detailed analysis of the positive outcomes achieved as a result of implementing your solution.

Case studies are an effective way to showcase the value of your product or service to potential customers without overt selling. By sharing how your company transformed a business, you can attract customers seeking similar solutions and results.

Case studies are not only about your company's capabilities; they are primarily about the benefits customers and clients have experienced from using your product.

Every great case study is made up of key elements. They are;

• Attention-grabbing headline: Write a compelling headline that grabs attention and tells your reader what the case study is about. For example, "How a CRM System Helped a B2B Company Increase Revenue by 225%.
• Introduction/Executive Summary: Include a brief overview of your case study, including your customer’s problem, the solution they implemented and the results they achieved.
• Problem/Challenge: Case studies with solutions offer a powerful way to connect with potential customers. In this section, explain how your product or service specifically addressed your customer's challenges.
• Solution: Explain how your product or service specifically addressed your customer's challenges.
• Results/Achievements : Give a detailed account of the positive impact of your product. Quantify the benefits achieved using metrics such as increased sales, improved efficiency, reduced costs or enhanced customer satisfaction.
• Graphics/Visuals: Include professional designs, high-quality photos and videos to make your case study more engaging and visually appealing.
• Quotes/Testimonials: Incorporate written or video quotes from your clients to boost your credibility.
• Relevant CTA: Insert a call to action (CTA) that encourages the reader to take action. For example, visiting your website or contacting you for more information. Your CTA can be a link to a landing page, a contact form or your social media handle and should be related to the product or service you highlighted in your case study.

Now that you understand what a case study is, let’s look at real-life case study examples. Among these, you'll find some simple case study examples that break down complex ideas into easily understandable solutions.

In this section, we’ll explore SaaS, marketing, sales, product and business case study examples with solutions. Take note of how these companies structured their case studies and included the key elements.

We’ve also included professionally designed case study templates to inspire you.

1. Georgia Tech Athletics Increase Season Ticket Sales by 80%

Georgia Tech Athletics, with its 8,000 football season ticket holders, sought for a way to increase efficiency and customer engagement.

Their initial sales process involved making multiple outbound phone calls per day with no real targeting or guidelines. Georgia Tech believed that targeting communications will enable them to reach more people in real time.

Salesloft improved Georgia Tech’s sales process with an inbound structure. This enabled sales reps to connect with their customers on a more targeted level. The use of dynamic fields and filters when importing lists ensured prospects received the right information, while communication with existing fans became faster with automation.

As a result, Georgia Tech Athletics recorded an 80% increase in season ticket sales as relationships with season ticket holders significantly improved. Employee engagement increased as employees became more energized to connect and communicate with fans.

Why Does This Case Study Work?

In this case study example , Salesloft utilized the key elements of a good case study. Their introduction gave an overview of their customers' challenges and the results they enjoyed after using them. After which they categorized the case study into three main sections: challenge, solution and result.

Salesloft utilized a case study video to increase engagement and invoke human connection.

Incorporating videos in your case study has a lot of benefits. Wyzol’s 2023 state of video marketing report showed a direct correlation between videos and an 87% increase in sales.

The beautiful thing is that creating videos for your case study doesn’t have to be daunting.

With an easy-to-use platform like Visme, you can create top-notch testimonial videos that will connect with your audience. Within the Visme editor, you can access over 1 million stock photos , video templates, animated graphics and more. These tools and resources will significantly improve the design and engagement of your case study.

Simplify content creation and brand management for your team

• Collaborate on designs , mockups and wireframes with your non-design colleagues
• Lock down your branding to maintain brand consistency throughout your designs
• Why start from scratch? Save time with 1000s of professional branded templates

Sign up. It’s free.

2. WeightWatchers Completely Revamped their Enterprise Sales Process with HubSpot

WeightWatchers, a 60-year-old wellness company, sought a CRM solution that increased the efficiency of their sales process. With their previous system, Weightwatchers had limited automation. They would copy-paste message templates from word documents or recreate one email for a batch of customers.

This required a huge effort from sales reps, account managers and leadership, as they were unable to track leads or pull customized reports for planning and growth.

WeightWatchers transformed their B2B sales strategy by leveraging HubSpot's robust marketing and sales workflows. They utilized HubSpot’s deal pipeline and automation features to streamline lead qualification. And the customized dashboard gave leadership valuable insights.

As a result, WeightWatchers generated seven figures in annual contract value and boosted recurring revenue. Hubspot’s impact resulted in 100% adoption across all sales, marketing, client success and operations teams.

Hubspot structured its case study into separate sections, demonstrating the specific benefits of their products to various aspects of the customer's business. Additionally, they integrated direct customer quotes in each section to boost credibility, resulting in a more compelling case study.

Getting insight from your customer about their challenges is one thing. But writing about their process and achievements in a concise and relatable way is another. If you find yourself constantly experiencing writer’s block, Visme’s AI writer is perfect for you.

Visme created this AI text generator tool to take your ideas and transform them into a great draft. So whether you need help writing your first draft or editing your final case study, Visme is ready for you.

3. Immi’s Ram Fam Helps to Drive Over $200k in Sales

Immi embarked on a mission to recreate healthier ramen recipes that were nutritious and delicious. After 2 years of tireless trials, Immi finally found the perfect ramen recipe. However, they envisioned a community of passionate ramen enthusiasts to fuel their business growth.

This vision propelled them to partner with Shopify Collabs. Shopify Collabs successfully cultivated and managed Immi’s Ramen community of ambassadors and creators.

As a result of their partnership, Immi’s community grew to more than 400 dedicated members, generating over $200,000 in total affiliate sales.

The power of data-driven headlines cannot be overemphasized. Chili Piper strategically incorporates quantifiable results in their headlines. This instantly sparks curiosity and interest in readers.

While not every customer success story may boast headline-grabbing figures, quantifying achievements in percentages is still effective. For example, you can highlight a 50% revenue increase with the implementation of your product.

Take a look at the beautiful case study template below. Just like in the example above, the figures in the headline instantly grab attention and entice your reader to click through.

Having a case study document is a key factor in boosting engagement. This makes it easy to promote your case study in multiple ways. With Visme, you can easily publish, download and share your case study with your customers in a variety of formats, including PDF, PPTX, JPG and more!

4. How WOW! is Saving Nearly 79% in Time and Cost With Visme

This case study discusses how Visme helped WOW! save time and money by providing user-friendly tools to create interactive and quality training materials for their employees. Find out what your team can do with Visme. Request a Demo

WOW!'s learning and development team creates high-quality training materials for new and existing employees. Previous tools and platforms they used had plain templates, little to no interactivity features, and limited flexibility—that is, until they discovered Visme.

Now, the learning and development team at WOW! use Visme to create engaging infographics, training videos, slide decks and other training materials.

This has directly reduced the company's turnover rate, saving them money spent on recruiting and training new employees. It has also saved them a significant amount of time, which they can now allocate to other important tasks.

Visme's customer testimonials spark an emotional connection with the reader, leaving a profound impact. Upon reading this case study, prospective customers will be blown away by the remarkable efficiency achieved by Visme's clients after switching from PowerPoint.

Visme’s interactivity feature was a game changer for WOW! and one of the primary reasons they chose Visme.

“Previously we were using PowerPoint, which is fine, but the interactivity you can get with Visme is so much more robust that we’ve all steered away from PowerPoint.” - Kendra, L&D team, Wow!

Visme’s interactive feature allowed them to animate their infographics, include clickable links on their PowerPoint designs and even embed polls and quizzes their employees could interact with.

By embedding the slide decks, infographics and other training materials WOW! created with Visme, potential customers get a taste of what they can create with the tool. This is much more effective than describing the features of Visme because it allows potential customers to see the tool in action.

To top it all off, this case study utilized relevant data and figures. For example, one part of the case study said, “In Visme, where Kendra’s team has access to hundreds of templates, a brand kit, and millions of design assets at their disposal, their team can create presentations in 80% less time.”

Who wouldn't want that?

Including relevant figures and graphics in your case study is a sure way to convince your potential customers why you’re a great fit for their brand. The case study template below is a great example of integrating relevant figures and data.

This colorful template begins with a captivating headline. But that is not the best part; this template extensively showcases the results their customer had using relevant figures.

The arrangement of the results makes it fun and attractive. Instead of just putting figures in a plain table, you can find interesting shapes in your Visme editor to take your case study to the next level.

5. Lyte Reduces Customer Churn To Just 3% With Hubspot CRM

While Lyte was redefining the ticketing industry, it had no definite CRM system . Lyte utilized 12–15 different SaaS solutions across various departments, which led to a lack of alignment between teams, duplication of work and overlapping tasks.

Customer data was spread across these platforms, making it difficult to effectively track their customer journey. As a result, their churn rate increased along with customer dissatisfaction.

Through Fuelius , Lyte founded and implemented Hubspot CRM. Lyte's productivity skyrocketed after incorporating Hubspot's all-in-one CRM tool. With improved efficiency, better teamwork and stronger client relationships, sales figures soared.

The case study title page and executive summary act as compelling entry points for both existing and potential customers. This overview provides a clear understanding of the case study and also strategically incorporates key details like the client's industry, location and relevant background information.

Having a good summary of your case study can prompt your readers to engage further. You can achieve this with a simple but effective case study one-pager that highlights your customer’s problems, process and achievements, just like this case study did in the beginning.

Moreover, you can easily distribute your case study one-pager and use it as a lead magnet to draw prospective customers to your company.

Take a look at this case study one-pager template below.

This template includes key aspects of your case study, such as the introduction, key findings, conclusion and more, without overcrowding the page. The use of multiple shades of blue gives it a clean and dynamic layout.

Our favorite part of this template is where the age group is visualized.

With Visme’s data visualization tool , you can present your data in tables, graphs, progress bars, maps and so much more. All you need to do is choose your preferred data visualization widget, input or import your data and click enter!

6. How Workato Converts 75% of Their Qualified Leads

Workato wanted to improve their inbound leads and increase their conversion rate, which ranged from 40-55%.

At first, Workato searched for a simple scheduling tool. They soon discovered that they needed a tool that provided advanced routing capabilities based on zip code and other criteria. Luckily, they found and implemented Chili Piper.

As a result of implementing Chili Piper, Workato achieved a remarkable 75–80% conversion rate and improved show rates. This led to a substantial revenue boost, with a 10-15% increase in revenue attributed to Chili Piper's impact on lead conversion.

This case study example utilizes the power of video testimonials to drive the impact of their product.

Chili Piper incorporates screenshots and clips of their tool in use. This is a great strategy because it helps your viewers become familiar with how your product works, making onboarding new customers much easier.

In this case study example, we see the importance of efficient Workflow Management Systems (WMS). Without a WMS, you manually assign tasks to your team members and engage in multiple emails for regular updates on progress.

However, when crafting and designing your case study, you should prioritize having a good WMS.

Visme has an outstanding Workflow Management System feature that keeps you on top of all your projects and designs. This feature makes it much easier to assign roles, ensure accuracy across documents, and track progress and deadlines.

Visme’s WMS feature allows you to limit access to your entire document by assigning specific slides or pages to individual members of your team. At the end of the day, your team members are not overwhelmed or distracted by the whole document but can focus on their tasks.

7. Rush Order Helps Vogmask Scale-Up During a Pandemic

Vomask's reliance on third-party fulfillment companies became a challenge as demand for their masks grew. Seeking a reliable fulfillment partner, they found Rush Order and entrusted them with their entire inventory.

Vomask's partnership with Rush Order proved to be a lifesaver during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rush Order's agility, efficiency and commitment to customer satisfaction helped Vogmask navigate the unprecedented demand and maintain its reputation for quality and service.

Rush Order’s comprehensive support enabled Vogmask to scale up its order processing by a staggering 900% while maintaining a remarkable customer satisfaction rate of 92%.

Rush Order chose one event where their impact mattered the most to their customer and shared that story.

While pandemics don't happen every day, you can look through your customer’s journey and highlight a specific time or scenario where your product or service saved their business.

The story of Vogmask and Rush Order is compelling, but it simply is not enough. The case study format and design attract readers' attention and make them want to know more. Rush Order uses consistent colors throughout the case study, starting with the logo, bold square blocks, pictures, and even headers.

Take a look at this product case study template below.

Just like our example, this case study template utilizes bold colors and large squares to attract and maintain the reader’s attention. It provides enough room for you to write about your customers' backgrounds/introductions, challenges, goals and results.

The right combination of shapes and colors adds a level of professionalism to this case study template.

8. AMR Hair & Beauty leverages B2B functionality to boost sales by 200%

With limits on website customization, slow page loading and multiple website crashes during peak events, it wasn't long before AMR Hair & Beauty began looking for a new e-commerce solution.

Their existing platform lacked effective search and filtering options, a seamless checkout process and the data analytics capabilities needed for informed decision-making. This led to a significant number of abandoned carts.

Upon switching to Shopify Plus, AMR immediately saw improvements in page loading speed and average session duration. They added better search and filtering options for their wholesale customers and customized their checkout process.

Due to this, AMR witnessed a 200% increase in sales and a 77% rise in B2B average order value. AMR Hair & Beauty is now poised for further expansion and growth.

This case study example showcases the power of a concise and impactful narrative.

To make their case analysis more effective, Shopify focused on the most relevant aspects of the customer's journey. While there may have been other challenges the customer faced, they only included those that directly related to their solutions.

Take a look at this case study template below. It is perfect if you want to create a concise but effective case study. Without including unnecessary details, you can outline the challenges, solutions and results your customers experienced from using your product.

Don’t forget to include a strong CTA within your case study. By incorporating a link, sidebar pop-up or an exit pop-up into your case study, you can prompt your readers and prospective clients to connect with you.

9. How a Marketing Agency Uses Visme to Create Engaging Content With Infographics

SmartBox Dental , a marketing agency specializing in dental practices, sought ways to make dental advice more interesting and easier to read. However, they lacked the design skills to do so effectively.

Visme's wide range of templates and features made it easy for the team to create high-quality content quickly and efficiently. SmartBox Dental enjoyed creating infographics in as little as 10-15 minutes, compared to one hour before Visme was implemented.

By leveraging Visme, SmartBox Dental successfully transformed dental content into a more enjoyable and informative experience for their clients' patients. Therefore enhancing its reputation as a marketing partner that goes the extra mile to deliver value to its clients.

Visme creatively incorporates testimonials In this case study example.

By showcasing infographics and designs created by their clients, they leverage the power of social proof in a visually compelling way. This way, potential customers gain immediate insight into the creative possibilities Visme offers as a design tool.

This example effectively showcases a product's versatility and impact, and we can learn a lot about writing a case study from it. Instead of focusing on one tool or feature per customer, Visme took a more comprehensive approach.

Within each section of their case study, Visme explained how a particular tool or feature played a key role in solving the customer's challenges.

For example, this case study highlighted Visme’s collaboration tool . With Visme’s tool, the SmartBox Dental content team fostered teamwork, accountability and effective supervision.

Visme also achieved a versatile case study by including relevant quotes to showcase each tool or feature. Take a look at some examples;

Visme’s collaboration tool: “We really like the collaboration tool. Being able to see what a co-worker is working on and borrow their ideas or collaborate on a project to make sure we get the best end result really helps us out.”

Visme’s library of stock photos and animated characters: “I really love the images and the look those give to an infographic. I also really like the animated little guys and the animated pictures. That’s added a lot of fun to our designs.”

Visme’s interactivity feature: “You can add URLs and phone number links directly into the infographic so they can just click and call or go to another page on the website and I really like adding those hyperlinks in.”

You can ask your customers to talk about the different products or features that helped them achieve their business success and draw quotes from each one.

10. Jasper Grows Blog Organic Sessions 810% and Blog-Attributed User Signups 400X

Jasper, an AI writing tool, lacked a scalable content strategy to drive organic traffic and user growth. They needed help creating content that converted visitors into users. Especially when a looming domain migration threatened organic traffic.

To address these challenges, Jasper partnered with Omniscient Digital. Their goal was to turn their content into a growth channel and drive organic growth. Omniscient Digital developed a full content strategy for Jasper AI, which included a content audit, competitive analysis, and keyword discovery.

Through their collaboration, Jasper’s organic blog sessions increased by 810%, despite the domain migration. They also witnessed a 400X increase in blog-attributed signups. And more importantly, the content program contributed to over $4 million in annual recurring revenue.

The combination of storytelling and video testimonials within the case study example makes this a real winner. But there’s a twist to it. Omniscient segmented the video testimonials and placed them in different sections of the case study.

Video marketing , especially in case studies, works wonders. Research shows us that 42% of people prefer video testimonials because they show real customers with real success stories. So if you haven't thought of it before, incorporate video testimonials into your case study.

Take a look at this stunning video testimonial template. With its simple design, you can input the picture, name and quote of your customer within your case study in a fun and engaging way.

Try it yourself! Customize this template with your customer’s testimonial and add it to your case study!

11. How Meliá Became One of the Most Influential Hotel Chains on Social Media

Meliá Hotels needed help managing their growing social media customer service needs. Despite having over 500 social accounts, they lacked a unified response protocol and detailed reporting. This largely hindered efficiency and brand consistency.

Meliá partnered with Hootsuite to build an in-house social customer care team. Implementing Hootsuite's tools enabled Meliá to decrease response times from 24 hours to 12.4 hours while also leveraging smart automation.

In addition to that, Meliá resolved over 133,000 conversations, booking 330 inquiries per week through Hootsuite Inbox. They significantly improved brand consistency, response time and customer satisfaction.

The need for a good case study design cannot be over-emphasized.

As soon as anyone lands on this case study example, they are mesmerized by a beautiful case study design. This alone raises the interest of readers and keeps them engaged till the end.

If you’re currently saying to yourself, “ I can write great case studies, but I don’t have the time or skill to turn it into a beautiful document.” Say no more.

Visme’s amazing AI document generator can take your text and transform it into a stunning and professional document in minutes! Not only do you save time, but you also get inspired by the design.

With Visme’s document generator, you can create PDFs, case study presentations , infographics and more!

Take a look at this case study template below. Just like our case study example, it captures readers' attention with its beautiful design. Its dynamic blend of colors and fonts helps to segment each element of the case study beautifully.

12. Tea’s Me Cafe: Tamika Catchings is Brewing Glory

Tamika's journey began when she purchased Tea's Me Cafe in 2017, saving it from closure. She recognized the potential of the cafe as a community hub and hosted regular events centered on social issues and youth empowerment.

One of Tamika’s business goals was to automate her business. She sought to streamline business processes across various aspects of her business. One of the ways she achieves this goal is through Constant Contact.

Constant Contact became an integral part of Tamika's marketing strategy. They provided an automated and centralized platform for managing email newsletters, event registrations, social media scheduling and more.

This allowed Tamika and her team to collaborate efficiently and focus on engaging with their audience. They effectively utilized features like WooCommerce integration, text-to-join and the survey builder to grow their email list, segment their audience and gather valuable feedback.

The case study example utilizes the power of storytelling to form a connection with readers. Constant Contact takes a humble approach in this case study. They spotlight their customers' efforts as the reason for their achievements and growth, establishing trust and credibility.

This case study is also visually appealing, filled with high-quality photos of their customer. While this is a great way to foster originality, it can prove challenging if your customer sends you blurry or low-quality photos.

If you find yourself in that dilemma, you can use Visme’s AI image edit tool to touch up your photos. With Visme’s AI tool, you can remove unwanted backgrounds, erase unwanted objects, unblur low-quality pictures and upscale any photo without losing the quality.

Constant Contact offers its readers various formats to engage with their case study. Including an audio podcast and PDF.

In its PDF version, Constant Contact utilized its brand colors to create a stunning case study design.  With this, they increase brand awareness and, in turn, brand recognition with anyone who comes across their case study.

With Visme’s brand wizard tool , you can seamlessly incorporate your brand assets into any design or document you create. By inputting your URL, Visme’s AI integration will take note of your brand colors, brand fonts and more and create branded templates for you automatically.

You don't need to worry about spending hours customizing templates to fit your brand anymore. You can focus on writing amazing case studies that promote your company.

13. How Breakwater Kitchens Achieved a 7% Growth in Sales With Thryv

Breakwater Kitchens struggled with managing their business operations efficiently. They spent a lot of time on manual tasks, such as scheduling appointments and managing client communication. This made it difficult for them to grow their business and provide the best possible service to their customers.

David, the owner, discovered Thryv. With Thryv, Breakwater Kitchens was able to automate many of their manual tasks. Additionally, Thryv integrated social media management. This enabled Breakwater Kitchens to deliver a consistent brand message, captivate its audience and foster online growth.

As a result, Breakwater Kitchens achieved increased efficiency, reduced missed appointments and a 7% growth in sales.

This case study example uses a concise format and strong verbs, which make it easy for readers to absorb the information.

At the top of the case study, Thryv immediately builds trust by presenting their customer's complete profile, including their name, company details and website. This allows potential customers to verify the case study's legitimacy, making them more likely to believe in Thryv's services.

However, manually copying and pasting customer information across multiple pages of your case study can be time-consuming.

To save time and effort, you can utilize Visme's dynamic field feature . Dynamic fields automatically insert reusable information into your designs.  So you don’t have to type it out multiple times.

14. Zoom’s Creative Team Saves Over 4,000 Hours With Brandfolder

Zoom experienced rapid growth with the advent of remote work and the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such growth called for agility and resilience to scale through.

At the time, Zoom’s assets were disorganized which made retrieving brand information a burden. Zoom’s creative manager spent no less than 10 hours per week finding and retrieving brand assets for internal teams.

Zoom needed a more sustainable approach to organizing and retrieving brand information and came across Brandfolder. Brandfolder simplified and accelerated Zoom’s email localization and webpage development. It also enhanced the creation and storage of Zoom virtual backgrounds.

With Brandfolder, Zoom now saves 4,000+ hours every year. The company also centralized its assets in Brandfolder, which allowed 6,800+ employees and 20-30 vendors to quickly access them.

Brandfolder infused its case study with compelling data and backed it up with verifiable sources. This data-driven approach boosts credibility and increases the impact of their story.

Bradfolder's case study goes the extra mile by providing a downloadable PDF version, making it convenient for readers to access the information on their own time. Their dedication to crafting stunning visuals is evident in every aspect of the project.

From the vibrant colors to the seamless navigation, everything has been meticulously designed to leave a lasting impression on the viewer. And with clickable links that make exploring the content a breeze, the user experience is guaranteed to be nothing short of exceptional.

The thing is, your case study presentation won’t always sit on your website. There are instances where you may need to do a case study presentation for clients, partners or potential investors.

Visme has a rich library of templates you can tap into. But if you’re racing against the clock, Visme’s AI presentation maker is your best ally.

15. How Cents of Style Made $1.7M+ in Affiliate Sales with LeadDyno

Cents of Style had a successful affiliate and influencer marketing strategy. However, their existing affiliate marketing platform was not intuitive, customizable or transparent enough to meet the needs of their influencers.

Cents of Styles needed an easy-to-use affiliate marketing platform that gave them more freedom to customize their program and implement a multi-tier commission program.

After exploring their options, Cents of Style decided on LeadDyno.

LeadDyno provided more flexibility, allowing them to customize commission rates and implement their multi-tier commission structure, switching from monthly to weekly payouts.

Also, integrations with PayPal made payments smoother And features like newsletters and leaderboards added to the platform's success by keeping things transparent and engaging.

As a result, Cents of Style witnessed an impressive $1.7 million in revenue from affiliate sales with a substantial increase in web sales by 80%.

LeadDyno strategically placed a compelling CTA in the middle of their case study layout, maximizing its impact. At this point, readers are already invested in the customer's story and may be considering implementing similar strategies.

A well-placed CTA offers them a direct path to learn more and take action.

LeadDyno also utilized the power of quotes to strengthen their case study. They didn't just embed these quotes seamlessly into the text; instead, they emphasized each one with distinct blocks.

Are you looking for an easier and quicker solution to create a case study and other business documents? Try Visme's AI designer ! This powerful tool allows you to generate complete documents, such as case studies, reports, whitepapers and more, just by providing text prompts. Simply explain your requirements to the tool, and it will produce the document for you, complete with text, images, design assets and more.

Still have more questions about case studies? Let's look at some frequently asked questions.

How to Write a Case Study?

• Choose a compelling story: Not all case studies are created equal. Pick one that is relevant to your target audience and demonstrates the specific benefits of your product or service.
• Outline your case study: Create a case study outline and highlight how you will structure your case study to include the introduction, problem, solution and achievements of your customer.
• Choose a case study template: After you outline your case study, choose a case study template . Visme has stunning templates that can inspire your case study design.
• Craft a compelling headline: Include figures or percentages that draw attention to your case study.
• Work on the first draft: Your case study should be easy to read and understand. Use clear and concise language and avoid jargon.
• Include high-quality visual aids: Visuals can help to make your case study more engaging and easier to read. Consider adding high-quality photos, screenshots or videos.
• Include a relevant CTA: Tell prospective customers how to reach you for questions or sign-ups.

What Are the Stages of a Case Study?

The stages of a case study are;

• Planning & Preparation: Highlight your goals for writing the case study. Plan the case study format, length and audience you wish to target.
• Interview the Client: Reach out to the company you want to showcase and ask relevant questions about their journey and achievements.
• Revision & Editing: Review your case study and ask for feedback. Include relevant quotes and CTAs to your case study.
• Publication & Distribution: Publish and share your case study on your website, social media channels and email list!
• Marketing & Repurposing: Turn your case study into a podcast, PDF, case study presentation and more. Share these materials with your sales and marketing team.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Case Study?

Advantages of a case study:

• Case studies showcase a specific solution and outcome for specific customer challenges.
• It attracts potential customers with similar challenges.
• It builds trust and credibility with potential customers.
• It provides an in-depth analysis of your company’s problem-solving process.

Disadvantages of a case study:

• Limited applicability. Case studies are tailored to specific cases and may not apply to other businesses.
• It relies heavily on customer cooperation and willingness to share information.
• It stands a risk of becoming outdated as industries and customer needs evolve.

What Are the Types of Case Studies?

There are 7 main types of case studies. They include;

• Illustrative case study.
• Instrumental case study.
• Intrinsic case study.
• Descriptive case study.
• Explanatory case study.
• Exploratory case study.
• Collective case study.

How Long Should a Case Study Be?

The ideal length of your case study is between 500 - 1500 words or 1-3 pages. Certain factors like your target audience, goal or the amount of detail you want to share may influence the length of your case study. This infographic has powerful tips for designing winning case studies

What Is the Difference Between a Case Study and an Example?

Case studies provide a detailed narrative of how your product or service was used to solve a problem. Examples are general illustrations and are not necessarily real-life scenarios.

Case studies are often used for marketing purposes, attracting potential customers and building trust. Examples, on the other hand, are primarily used to simplify or clarify complex concepts.

Where Can I Find Case Study Examples?

You can easily find many case study examples online and in industry publications. Many companies, including Visme, share case studies on their websites to showcase how their products or services have helped clients achieve success. You can also search online libraries and professional organizations for case studies related to your specific industry or field.

If you need professionally-designed, customizable case study templates to create your own, Visme's template library is one of the best places to look. These templates include all the essential sections of a case study and high-quality content to help you create case studies that position your business as an industry leader.

Get More Out Of Your Case Studies With Visme

Case studies are an essential tool for converting potential customers into paying customers. By following the tips in this article, you can create compelling case studies that will help you build trust, establish credibility and drive sales.

Visme can help you create stunning case studies and other relevant marketing materials. With our easy-to-use platform, interactive features and analytics tools , you can increase your content creation game in no time.

There is no limit to what you can achieve with Visme. Connect with Sales to discover how Visme can boost your business goals.

Easily create beautiful case studies and more with Visme

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• Company About Futureproof Careers Customers Contact Us Events

Work Order Management

Automated work orders: the key to effortless fm operation.

Manaswini Rao

For every business, efficient workflows are the lifeblood of smooth operations. Yet, countless hours are often lost to manual processes that act like cogs in the wheel, grinding productivity to a halt.

Take, for instance, the commercial real estate (CRE) industry—sectors such as land planning, development, construction, brokerage, valuation, and building operations are heavily data-dependent.

To optimize operations and improve ROI for their clients, CRE portfolio IFM managers already have to deal with rising labor costs and inflation, which are hitting the bottom line hard. Companies are scrambling to cut costs however they can.

As the need for data processing skyrockets, so does the demand for more personnel to handle the influx, all amidst a talent shortage.

Companies within and outside the commercial property sector are leveraging data and automation to enhance service delivery, cut costs, and address the labor skills gap, creating a new battleground for data utilization.

However, many of the IFM service industry’s skilled professionals still manually process data, which negatively impacts their clients' facilities’ profitability and operational efficiency.

Warren Shiau , the research VP for the International Data Corporation (IDC), said :

Savvy businesses are offshoring manual tasks to self-driving technology that focuses on basic automation of business processes.

According to a recent survey conducted by Plant Engineering , 37% of companies expect a rise in demand for automated technologies and services for process optimization.

However, the current state of FM is characterized by disjointed processes, manual interventions, and communication gaps. Inefficiencies that lead to delayed responses, increased costs, and decreased tenant satisfaction.

Traditional FM tech solutions often solve narrowly defined problems like recording maintenance logs, generating work orders, and managing purchase orders, but they are rigid and create blind spots, bottlenecks and friction.

While this may have worked perfectly in the past, the dynamic needs of buildings, their assets, and occupants require more flexible solutions.

But, with automation-driven software, you can seamlessly carry out operational processes like work order management.

You can use it to automatically log requests and auto-assign tasks based on technician availability and expertise. Progress can be tracked in real time, and completion updates can be sent automatically. This reduces manual entry, minimizes errors, and ensures timely maintenance, enhancing overall efficiency and tenant satisfaction.

The beauty of automation is that it frees up your time, allowing you to focus on more strategic parts of the company.

A KRC Research survey found that 78% of business leaders believe task automation can save them up to 3 hours a day , with 53% of employers estimating similar time savings.

With the growing need for smarter, faster data handling, automation is the game-changer. It's time to move from tedious manual workflows to streamlined, automated processes that boost productivity and meet client demands head-on.

• What is an automated work order system?

It works by automatically generating work orders based on a combination of pre-set schedules, real-time sensor data, or user submissions.

This means that the system springs into action without manual input as soon as a maintenance need arises, whether it’s a routine check or an urgent repair.

For instance, imagine overseeing a large office complex with numerous systems needing regular upkeep, from lighting and plumbing to security alarms.

Whenever a maintenance issue arises, the automated system generates a work order, directs it to the right technician, and schedules the job based on urgency and available resources.

Another key benefit is real-time visibility , as the system provides instant updates and notifications through mobile devices or web portals. This keeps everyone informed and on track about equipment fixes no matter where they are.

Moreover, the system simplifies completion and record-keeping by automatically recording details of each completed task, closing work orders, and storing data for future reference.

This not only streamlines maintenance operations but also creates a comprehensive log that aids in future analysis and decision-making.

• The pitfalls of manual work orders

When dealing with work order completions, you might find yourself asking: How do I track and measure the efficiency of the work order process across multiple sites? Which types of work orders show lower completion rates?

Similarly, for performance, questions like are tasks assigned to the most qualified personnel? How do I benchmark performance and downtime metrics across asset-servicing vendors?

If these quantifiable metrics pose such challenges, imagine the difficulties with more subjective metrics like tenant satisfaction.

Building managers need to pinpoint major friction points for tenant discomfort, identify which areas receive the most complaints, and determine which steps in the complaint resolution process lead to tenant frustration.

To answer these questions effectively, you need insights and KPIs grounded in real-time data. However, with current traditional CMMS software, this data is scattered across disparate systems and services.

Manual work orders, a byproduct of legacy systems, exacerbate these issues. They require manual data consolidation or lengthy system integration projects, making it impossible to derive real-time insights to automate processes effectively.

Here’s how manual work order management impacts your business outcomes:

• How automated work order systems can streamline workflows, improve communication, and reduce errors

1. Enhances preventive maintenance operations

Automated systems take the guesswork out of scheduling work orders for preventive maintenance . By setting up reminders based on pre-determined conditions—like manufacturer recommendations or usage thresholds—you ensure that maintenance tasks are executed on time.

An IFMA analytical study on the economic value of preventive maintenance (PM) reveals that investing in PM not only recoups the initial cost but also yields substantial returns.

Automating work order reminders for PM schedules can help you optimize financial expenditures and leave little to chance, bringing you closer to achieving these significant returns.

2. Streamlining task management

Automated work order systems use one central platform to create, assign, track, and close work orders, eliminating confusion and streamlining workflows.

When an inspection identifies an issue, automated work order systems spring into action when an inspection identifies a problem. They instantly generate and assign work orders, closing the loop between operations and maintenance teams.

This eliminates delays and confusion, prioritizing tasks based on urgency and importance. Tasks are assigned efficiently, considering resource availability and skill sets, which optimizes productivity and minimizes downtime .

3. Improving communication and collaboration across all stakeholders

These systems consolidate messaging, emails, and notifications into one central platform. This centralization simplifies tracking and fosters transparency, ensuring everyone stays informed about task completions, approvals, and delays.

But why do these projects go off track? Poor stakeholder engagement and communication are significant contributors to these issues.

The study also found that developers often face around six budget changes and five schedule adjustments per project, mostly due to miscommunication and fragmented workflows.

Further research by PMI highlights that effective communication with stakeholders is crucial, as 56% of project risks are linked to communication failures.

For customer-facing tasks, automatic notification updates on the work order management software platform keep tenants/occupants informed about the progress of their service requests.

4. Eliminate manual errors

Unfortunately, redundant tasks like searching, sorting, and validating information are still common.

These losses came from wasting resources on manual data entry, verifying and validating data, and costly delays when staff wait for critical information to address maintenance issues.

Automating work orders can cut out these manual tasks, making data retrieval and updates instantaneous. This means fewer delays and more efficient resolution of maintenance issues, ultimately saving time and reducing costs.

The system can automatically identify missing information or scheduling conflicts in work orders before they become bigger issues, allowing facility managers to address them promptly and prevent delays.

5. Utilizing analytics to optimize operations

Analytics monitoring , such as tracking metrics like Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) and Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), helps detect issues early and continuously improve performance.

If an asset has a low MTBF, more frequent inspections and quicker response times are necessary. Automated systems can prioritize these tasks and allocate resources effectively, ensuring high-maintenance equipment gets prompt attention.

Additionally, by analyzing MTTR data, automated systems can identify delay sources and adjust workflows—like adding skilled technicians or improving parts procurement. They can also review vendor performance in reaction time to equipment failure and repair.

• Automate work order management with connected CMMS

Work management software typically includes various tools like resource management, teamwork coordination, time and job management, budgeting, and reporting. These tools can be integrated with other projects, making them versatile and comprehensive.

Regardless of project size, successful work order management hinges on the execution plan and task order.

It takes skill to manage this well, but investing time in good project management techniques can lead to timely project completion within resource constraints.

Techniques like the Eisenhower decision matrix have been the go-to for many enterprises to prioritize tasks. While effective, this approach has drawbacks:

• It doesn't account for the dynamic nature of tasks, requiring constant reassessment as priorities shift.
• It focuses on individual task management rather than team-based priorities, which can be problematic in collaborative settings.
• It overemphasizes urgent tasks, leading to a reactionary workflow that neglects long-term planning and strategic tasks.
• It sorts tasks solely based on urgency and importance, and it doesn’t account for available resources and labor for addressing issues.

Also, current CMMS don’t cut it either as it is limited with technician-only focus, little to no automation or integration with the rest of O&M tech stack.

It enhances teamwork by supporting collective task management, ensuring projects are well-coordinated and resources are effectively allocated.

Using predictive analytics and intelligent scheduling, it balances immediate concerns with long-term goals, preventing the neglect of strategic planning in favor of urgent tasks.

Connected CMMS solves O&M challenges related to portfolio operations and maintenance by prioritizing the automation of processes, engaging stakeholders and enhancing interoperability efficiency.

How Facilio’s connected CMMS enables you to automate work orders

Facilio work order management software is a platform-based CMMS that serves as a centralized hub for managing (O&M) across multiple sites

It enhances your service request and work order processes through real-time data insights, allowing you to prioritize tasks efficiently on a single, consolidated platform. This flexibility ensures improved maintenance oversight and operational continuity.

With Facilio, you can streamline work order automation using triggers like specific dates, times, alarms, meter readings, or any defined irregular activities. This proactive strategy allows you to anticipate and address potential issues by closely monitoring asset health and planning regular inspections.

It links asset activities to alarm triggers, creating work orders automatically and providing immediate notifications on the status of asset repairs or replacements.

Key features of Facilio work order management

Facilio work order management system is equipped with several key features designed to streamline operations for facility management service providers (FMSPs):

Integrated inventory tracking By tagging spare parts to specific work orders and vendors, Facilio’s system precisely manages inventory. It tracks their storage location and automates reordering when stock levels drop.

For example, suppose a technician requests a replacement bulb for a malfunctioning light. In that case, the system will automatically check stock, order new bulbs if needed, and update the inventory records.

When maintenance issues arise, work orders are created based on technician availability. For example, if a technician is unavailable due to sick leave, you can quickly reschedule work orders through an intuitive resource scheduler and calendar. This flexibility allows continuity and reduces scheduling conflicts.

Automate recurring work orders

The platform automates recurring maintenance tasks and sets prioritization alerts and criteria for spare part reorders. For example, you can automatically schedule regular filter changes for HVAC systems and notify you in advance to reorder filters, ensuring maintenance is consistent and inventory levels are maintained.

Service request management

Tenants and clients can easily submit service requests via web and mobile portals. These requests are automatically routed to the appropriate facility manager or maintenance staff, streamlining the process and ensuring timely and effective responses.

Configure SLA schedules and escalations

The platform allows you to set up SLA schedules and escalation procedures to handle breaches effectively.  For instance, if a repair request isn’t completed within the agreed time frame, the system will automatically escalate the issue to higher management and adjust workflows to address the delay promptly.

Mobile inspections with automated deviation work orders

Facilio speeds up issue resolution by generating deviation reports and creating work orders based on real-time data.  When a technician uses their mobile device to inspect HVAC systems, any detected deviations, such as a temperature fluctuation outside the acceptable range, automatically trigger a work order for immediate attention.

AI-powered workforce optimization

Facilio leverages AI to optimize workforce management by automatically assigning staff based on job type and specialization. It dynamically adjusts assignments based on shift timings, attendance, and breaks.

Real-time maintenance dashboards

Comprehensive real-time dashboards offer detailed insights into maintenance operations. You can see open work orders, completion times and current servicing/repair activities.

On the dashboard, you can see that Technician A is currently handling an in-house electrical repair, taking approximately 3 hours, while Technician B is completing an outsourced plumbing job. With this real-time report, you can make adjustments to your optimize your workflow.

The dashboard also shows SLA compliance for each work order and the associated costs, enabling accurate tracking and billing for services provided to clients.

Facilio ensures transparent communication by facilitating feedback from tenants on work orders, allowing property teams to engage effectively with all stakeholders.

After a tenant submits a service request for a leaky faucet, they can provide feedback on the repair process via their mobile portal. The property team and facility managers can view this feedback, ensuring the tenant's satisfaction and allowing for continuous improvement in service quality.

• Case studies: FMSPs who benefited from the Facilio work order management system

Facilio is leading the way in helping companies make this switch. Here are two examples of FMSPs that have benefited from using an automated work order system.

Case study I: Facilio improved Q3’s service quality by automating PPM

Q3 services is a facilities management service provider company based in the United Kingdom. The company faced three major challenges:

• Multiple work orders for planned maintenance made work order management more complex and disorganized.
• Teams communicated through various platforms, hindering efficient sharing of information and collaboration.
• The company used multiple manual systems, leading to dark data accumulation and making it hard to extract important insights.
• Facilio transformed Q3's planned preventive maintenance by grouping similar assets and using deviation work orders, streamlining operations, and providing strategic insights.
• Facilio replaced various external tools with user-specific apps and portals, improving communication and granting stakeholders real-time data access.
• Facilio integrated seamlessly with Xero for financial management, ultimately boosting efficiency and accuracy in tracking and reporting financial data.

• Simplified predictive maintenance processes.
• Reduced dependence on offline communication.
• Improved visibility for better asset management.
• Efficient compliance monitoring.

Case study II: Facilio helped CIT Group Ltd create threshold-based automated work orders

CIT is a company that manages national landmarks and cities in Makkah province, Saudi Arabia.

CIT Ltd. faced several challenges in its FM operations at RCU - Al Jadidah, which it aimed to address through Facilio:

• The company lacked a unified and efficient computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) .
• There was difficulty in gaining a centralized view of assets and PPM activities.
• The company experienced a lack of visibility into daily and weekly operations, including pending work orders.
• There was limited insight into SLA adherence and vendor/technician KPIs.
• CIT Ltd. could not effectively document workforce attendance for training, QHSE, and OSHA audits.

Here’s how Facilio helped CIT:

• Facilio provided CIT with a digital calendar and automated work orders, streamlining maintenance for technicians and vendors.
• CIT used Facilio’s intuitive dashboards for real-time SLA monitoring, KPI tracking , and asset management, enabling data-driven decisions
• Facilio offered predictive maintenance insights, reducing equipment downtime and cutting costs. Automated work order alerts ensured proactive and reactive maintenance .
• In Al Jadidah Village, Facilio managed attendance and generated automatic analytical reports, streamlining daily and weekly reports for training effectiveness and compliance.
• CIT used Facilio’s analytical dashboards to monitor and generate reports on PPM, reactive maintenance, and pending work orders.

• Reduced manual work with threshold-based automated work orders.
• Improved visibility and clarity on asset management.
• Swift CMMS implementation within three weeks.
• Achieved portfolio-level visibility of assets.

Here’s how Facilio has helped them:

• Experience streamlined, stress-free facility management operations with automated work orders in Facilio

At the end of the day, the true power of workflow automation lies in enhancing customer experience. To achieve this, it's essential to establish a streamlined program that ensures smooth operations and keeps customers/tenants satisfied.

Consider the difference when a technician can simply press a button upon arrival to notify facility managers and tenants that work has begun.

Tenants receive automatic updates about their service requests without needing to chase for information. Complaints are resolved faster and more effectively, and feedback is collected automatically, driving continuous improvement.

Legacy systems, with their manual processes and fragmented data, often fail to deliver this level of service. They create bottlenecks, prolong downtimes, and frustrate both staff and customers.

Facilio’s automation-driven approach not only replaces these outdated systems but also transforms how property operations are managed. It connects systems, people, and processes in a meaningful way.

Explore how Facilio can transform your facility management operations.

• How Facilio’s connected CMMS enables you to automate work orders

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Global Consumer Goods Orgnanization

Integrating risk assessment systems for improved productivity and data access.

Credera introduced a comprehensive risk assessment solution to address a global consumer goods company's challenges with manual tasks and inefficient data management in their R&D department.

At a Glance

Our client, a global leader in consumer goods, faced inefficiencies in their R&D department due to manual tasks and disorganized data management. Credera partnered with the organization to develop and integrate an automated risk assessment solution that streamlined workflows, improved data consolidation, and offered intuitive user interfaces. This transformation significantly enhanced productivity, provided insightful data visualizations, and enabled better decision-making with automated processes and reliable cloud storage.

The Challenge

Transforming outdated R&D processes and data consolidation issues.

The global consumer goods leader faced significant challenges in their R&D department, primarily due to labor-intensive manual tasks such as document approvals and risk assessments. The team, responsible for evaluating various aspects of product toxicity, struggled with inefficient legacy systems that made data consolidation and team communication cumbersome. Additionally, the lack of a systematic record-keeping approach led to time-consuming searches for guidelines and information across multiple systems, which severely impacted productivity and efficiency.

The Solution

Automating risk assessment with a seamless integration solution.

To resolve the R&D department's challenges, we developed and implemented a comprehensive risk assessment solution that seamlessly integrated with existing systems. This solution automated the entire end-to-end workflow, incorporating dynamic routing and validation rules while orchestrating data exchange across multiple records. We also designed a structured data model and intuitive user interfaces to streamline task completion, transforming the process from cumbersome manual tasks to an efficient, automated system that greatly improved data management and team collaboration.

The Results

Transforming R&D efficiency with enhanced data consolidation and automation.

The implementation of the new risk assessment solution resulted in a significant enhancement of the R&D department's operational efficiency. By transitioning from outdated manual processes to an integrated, automated platform, the team achieved a streamlined workflow and consolidated data management in one location. This shift enabled insightful data visualization and personalized dashboards, greatly improving visibility into projects and decision-making.

The solution also eliminated manual dependencies, automated email correspondence, and ensured continuous system availability with cloud storage, helping to boost operational effectiveness across the organization.

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Global entertainment organization saved time and money by reducing deployments from 100 hours to 5 minutes across 50 locations.

Innovation strategy, Product & service ideation, Product & service incubation, Product management, User experience strategy

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UNDP and WHO collaboration through the Task Force demonstrates results at the country level

A review of a three-year initiative under one of the Task Force’s flagship programmes, spearheaded by WHO, UNDP and the Task Force Secretariat, has once again highlighted the value of UN agency collaboration when it comes to tackling NCDs and improving mental health.

The project (funded through the Universal Health Coverage Partnership Programme supported countries in Africa (Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Uganda), the Caribbean (Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago) and the Pacific (Fiji).

Collaboration between governments and the UN included: (i) developing and implementing effective fiscal, legislative, and regulatory measures; (ii) enhancing policy coherence across government sectors and their partners; (iii) strengthening policy and capacities to promote equitable access to healthcare; and (iv) increasing awareness, ownership and engagement of civil society, parliamentarians, local leaders, media and others for population-wide responses.

Activities and results for each country are described in the report, along with a case study for each country. 

Findings include:

• NCD governance tools and approaches which WHO and UNDP have developed in recent years at global level can be effectively advanced through country-led action, and enhanced through new ways of delivery, calibrated to country contexts and socio-political moments.
• Widespread sharing of experiences in country-led application of global tools helps to strengthen the tools, their diversity of use and their impact in countries.
• Multisectoral engagement on NCD prevention and control and mental health promotion helps strengthen health systems, including by advancing efficient people-centred UHC and addressing links with sustainable development more broadly. Uganda’s inclusion of NCD management into PEPFAR support and Guyana’s attention to integrating NCD and mental health responses are examples.
• In some instances, COVID-19 has been a competing priority for national partners. Due to competing demands and limited personnel at country level, long timelines for projects during such crises are required. At the same time, additional advocacy, policy and programming support is needed to demonstrate and act upon the links between NCDs, mental health and pandemic prevention, preparedness and response.
• Relatively low levels of high-quality technical and financial support can catalyze action for NCDs and mental health. The programme has effectively supported policies, plans, laws, investment approaches, stakeholder engagement, and other governance building blocks. It has strengthened health systems.
• To amplify and further sustain impact, longer-term catalytic technical and financial support is needed. That includes dedicated support to scale up domestic investments for NCDs and mental health, integrate action into development plans and strategies, and further leverage funds from international development partners.
• There is strong value in WHO and UNDP collaborating closely to spearhead ever stronger UN- wide support to advance country-owned and led approaches in the above-mentioned areas, particularly in generating broader stakeholder engagement and in advancing integrated health and development solutions. Optimized UN support at country level encourages the UN to deliver as one.
• Approaches, results and emerging demand for additional support can inform future directions of the Joint Programme as well as the UN NCD and Mental Health multi-partner trust fund, Health4Life.

Key takeaways form the report include:              

- Demand-driven requests for analytical support can serve both an advocacy agenda and evidence generation for planning. Having national institutions leading the process is key for national ownership. External partners can add value by creating a space and facilitating consensus amongst stakeholders that have divergent interests or sensibilities.

- The joint UNDP-WHO approach was valued because it brought a much wider and complementary scope of technical expertise than a single agency could provide. This joint approach is particularly beneficial in the context of Small Island Developing States, which are often less equipped to deal with fragmented approaches to technical assistance. It is also aligned with the principles of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness.

 - Inclusive and participatory planning can be complex, time consuming and cumbersome. Trying to balance interests and expectations across a broad spectrum of constituencies is challenging. It can at times lead to ambitions exceeding actual levels of implementation capacity. On the other hand, it can also provide greater shared ownership, a pre-requisite for accountability and contextualisation of international best practice for NCD prevention and control.

- Activities coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, deeply affecting countries’ health systems and economies. On the one hand this delayed the implementation of the programme. Movements were restricted and priorities shifted. However, on the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic also contributed to a renewed attention on NCDs. The programme stakeholders were able to utilise this ‘opportunity’. As such, the partners perceived the programme to be timely and catalytic.

The report identifies areas for further support.

Click here to access the report

Catalyzing country action for noncommunicable diseases and mental health governance and investment

• Open access
• Published: 07 August 2024

Assessing the impact of COVID-19 management on the workload of human resources working in India’s National Tuberculosis Elimination Program

• Christina Mergenthaler 1 ,
• Aarushi Bhatnagar 2 ,
• Di Dong 2 ,
• Vimal Kumar 3 ,
• Chantale Lakis 1 ,
• Ronald Mutasa 2 ,
• Shankar Dapkekar 3 ,
• Agrima Sahore 3 ,
• Sapna Surendran 2 ,
• Gyorgy Fritsche 2 ,
• Kuldeep Singh Sachdeva 4 &
• Marjolein Dieleman 1  

BMC Health Services Research volume  24 , Article number:  907 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

139 Accesses

Metrics details

In 1993, WHO declared tuberculosis (TB) as a global health emergency considering 10 million people are battling TB, of which 30% are undiagnosed annually. In 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic took an unprecedented toll on health systems in every country. Public health staff already engaged in TB control and numerous other departments were additionally tasked with managing COVID-19, stretching human resource (HR) capacity beyond its limits. As part of an assessment of HR involved in TB control in India, The World Bank Group and partners conducted an analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on TB human resources for health (HRH) workloads, with the objective of describing the extent to which TB-related activities could be fulfilled and hypothesizing on future HR requirements to meet those needs.

The study team conducted a Workload Indicators and Staffing Needs (WISN) analysis according to standard WHO methodology to classify the workloads of priority cadres directly or indirectly involved in TB control activities as over-, adequately or under-worked, in 18 districts across seven states in India. Data collection was done via telephone interviews, and questions were added regarding the proportion of time dedicated to COVID-19 related tasks. We carried out quantitative analysis to describe the time allocated to COVID-19 which otherwise would have been spent on TB activities. We also conducted key informant interviews (KII) with key TB program staff about HRH planning and task-shifting from TB to COVID-19.

Workload data were collected from 377 respondents working in or together with India’s Central TB Division (CTD). 73% of all respondents ( n  = 270) reported carrying out COVID-19 tasks. The average time spent on COVID-19 tasks was 4 h / day ( n  = 72 respondents). Multiple cadres highly instrumental in TB screening and diagnosis, in particular community outreach (ASHA) workers and CBNAAT/TrueNAAT laboratory technicians working at peripheral, block and district levels, were overworked, and spending more than 50% of their time on COVID-19 tasks, reducing time for TB case-finding. Qualitative interviews with laboratory technicians revealed that PCR machines previously used for TB testing were repurposed for COVID-19 testing.

Conclusions

The devastating impact of COVID-19 on HR capacity to conduct TB case-finding in India, as in other settings, cannot be overstated. Our findings provide clear evidence that NTEP human resources did not have time or essential material resources to carry out TB tasks during the COVID pandemic without doing substantial overtime and/or compromising on TB service delivery. To minimize disruptions to routine health services such as TB amidst future emerging infectious diseases, we would do well, during periods of relative calm and stability, to strategically map out how HRH lab staff, public health resources, such as India’s Health and Wellness Centers and public health cadre, and public-private sector collaboration can most optimally absorb shocks to the health system.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

In the past three centuries, tuberculosis (TB) has been declared a pandemic more than once [ 1 , 2 ]. It is the leading cause of mortality from chronic infectious diseases and is estimated to cause around 4000 mortalities per day globally [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Individuals infected with TB could transmit the disease to 10–15 people annually [ 7 , 8 ]. In 1993, WHO declared TB a global health emergency considering 10 million people are battling TB annually, of which 30% were undiagnosed, but it was only in 2018 that TB was labeled as a global priority and achieving a TB-free world was highlighted as a realistic target [ 2 , 9 , 10 ]. A global commitment was made to improve active case finding, implement prevention strategies and strengthen the research agenda, after which TB incidence and mortality declined substantially [ 10 ]). However since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, TB case notifications dropped by 25% globally and TB related mortality increased by an estimated 0.2 to 0.4 million ( [ 11 ]. In one year, the COVID-19 pandemic reversed the global progress achieved in the reduction of TB [ 4 , 11 ].

India has the largest burden of TB globally, with one quarter of the total and one-third of the drug resistant TB burden [ 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. India has fought to ensure access to appropriate and improved diagnostics and quality of care particularly in the private sector which, among other factors, contributes to an extremely high case fatality rate (an estimated two deaths every three minutes) [ 7 , 16 , 17 ]. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit India, efforts toward TB reduction and control were seriously disrupted and resources were redirected toward the pandemic.

This was a global problem: a survey done in more than 100 countries demonstrated that 78% of TB control programs were disrupted due to COVID-19 pandemic [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Lockdown, cancellation of essential health services, shifting of human and diagnostic resources from TB to COVID-19 management, and disruption in TB treatment availability impacted TB services at all levels and in the public and private sector [ 1 , 6 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated a decrease of 18% in reported TB cases in 2020 compared to 2019 with India being a large contributor to that decrease [ 24 ]. In India, TB notifications in April 2020 were 78% lower than April 2019, with a larger decline in the private sector [ 16 , 18 ].

While preventive measures for both diseases are similar (cough etiquette, social distancing and wearing masks), the COVID-19 measures of lockdown, quarantine and redirection of health services delayed TB patient access to diagnosis and treatment [ 4 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 25 ]. Fear of COVID-19 and imposed pandemic control restrictions led to migration, loss of employment (estimated at 140 million Indians) and increased malnutrition, thus leaving a large number of individuals at risk of both diseases [ 3 , 13 , 14 ]. A study of co-infection of TB and COVID-19 found a 12.3% mortality rate, which is much higher than for only COVID-19 [ 12 ].

The health care workforce was and continues to be the main player in the fight against COVID-19. In India as elsewhere, staff and diagnostic equipment (CBNAAT, TrueNaat and GeneXpert) were repurposed to support COVID-19 activities, while research and funds were deprioritized from their initial mandate [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 26 ]. Digital tools and technologies initially created for TB were diverted to the COVID-19 response [ 20 ].

Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in India in early 2020, India’s National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) finalized its 2021–2025 National Strategic Plan (NSP), which set ambitious TB notification targets. Achievement of these targets cannot be met without proportionately larger gains in numbers of individuals screened, tested and diagnosed with TB, all of which require substantial health workforce investments. India’s Central Tuberculosis Division (CTD), National Health System Resource Center (NHSRC) and the World Bank carried out a Workload Indicators and Staffing Needs (WISN) assessment amongst human resources for health (HRH) involved in public sector TB service delivery, with the objective of projecting future staffing needs to support the NTEP’s NSP and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for TB notifications by 2025 and 2030. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the WISN analysis was conducted, the burden of COVID-19 management fell squarely on the shoulders of the NTEP. Therefore, the aims of this study were to:

quantify and qualitatively describe the additional workload imparted by the COVID-19 pandemic on NTEP staff, and;

investigate whether there are sufficient hours in a standard workday and work week for cadres heavily involved in TB case-finding to fulfill all TB, non-TB, and COVID-19 requirements.

In this paper we describe the double burden of TB and COVID-19 service delivery amongst HRH working from community to state level in the NTEP and implications of these findings for realistic staffing plans to support achievement of strategic TB control targets.

Study design and population

The study team implemented a convergent parallel mixed methods study design, in which quantitative and qualitative data collection were conducted simultaneously to accommodate project timelines [ 27 ]. To accommodate interviewing during the COVID-19 pandemic, the study team conducted an adapted WISN analysis according to standard WHO methodology, as well as the qualitative interviews, by phone. Interviews were designed to quantify the workloads of 28 priority cadres directly or indirectly involved in public sector TB control activities for the year of 2019 (to quantify non-pandemic period workloads), and to project future staffing requirements based on NTEP TB notification targets [ 28 ]. In consultation with CTD, NHSRC, and World Bank stakeholders, 18 cadres were selected among the 28 priority cadres for in-depth key informant interviews (KIIs) which were assessed as having relatively greater involvement in managing or providing TB services. State, district, TB unit and peripheral health institute (PHI) level cadres were interviewed for both the quantitative (WISN) analysis and qualitative data collection [ 29 ] (Fig.  1 ).

The study was carried out in 18 districts across seven states of India. These states were purposively sampled to achieve a representative geographic country selection, a representative sample of India’s TB epidemiological transition, as well as representative levels of staff shortage. No additional inclusion or exclusion criteria were applied beyond these three criteria at the state level. Among the selected seven states, districts were stratified based on the NTEP’s TB Index Rank [ 30 ] into high, medium and low performance districts [ 31 ]. On this basis one district was randomly sampled from each of the high and medium strata for the three smaller states Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram for a total of six districts. For the four larger states Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh, one district was randomly selected from each of the high, medium and low performance districts for a total of 12 districts. This totaled to 18 districts for all seven states. For block and PHI-level cadres, one block per district and one PHI per block were then randomly selected for all cadre interviews. There were a total of 455 NTEP staff working in all 28 priority cadres of the 18 districts for the quantitative study, and 96 among the 18 cadres for the qualitative study. These final sample sizes of 455 individuals for the WISN analysis and 96 individuals for the KII’s were not powered for statistical testing as this was not required for our research aims.

Organogram of peripheral health institutes and TB units reporting to a District TB Center

Tool development

Structured interview tools were prepared to extract necessary data to complete WISN analyses for TB and non-TB activities conducted in 2019, for each of the 28 priority cadres, and then were refined through iterative reviews by HRH and TB experts in India. Additionally, the tools included a module to capture a rough estimate of hours worked on COVID-19 tasks in 2020, along with a description of the tasks. Semi-structured interview guides were developed to steer interviews with key program staff to understand HRH planning and priority shifting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. WISN tools were piloted amongst 10 staff working in 4 of the 28 priority cadres, and qualitative guides were piloted amongst four staff, each from a different cadre.

Data collection

All quantitative and qualitative data collection was done in September and October 2020. 393 of 455 eligible TB staff for the WISN (quantitative) analysis were reached by telephone, of which 377 agreed to participate by responding to the WISN questionnaire over the phone, and of which 372 complete questionnaires were obtained. Of the 96 eligible staff for the qualitative KII’s, 60 individuals were reached and participated. Responses were audio recorded and then digitally captured daily in a Microsoft Excel database. Qualitative data collected were captured by recording interviews, transcribing and thematically coding them in Hindi in Microsoft Excel. They were then translated into English. Transcriptions were performed independently by two researchers, then compared and adjusted.

Data analysis

We carried out quantitative analysis of WISN interview data according to standard WHO methodology [ 28 ]. All analysis of WISN data was conducted in Stata Version 16 MP. Workload was calculated at both the individual level and cadre level. A WISN ratio below 0.9 was classified as reflecting low pressure (‘underwork’), between 0.9 and 1.1 as adequate pressure, and above 1.1 as high workload pressure (‘overwork’). The WISN workload analysis and ratios did not factor in COVID-related tasks; therefore, hours reported for COVID-19 are additional and should be considered separately from the number of hours required to fulfill tasks, and staffing projections.

For ten cadres (translating to 225 of 372 respondents) directly involved in TB case-finding activities through either screening or diagnosis, we carried out quantitative analysis in Microsoft Excel to calculate time spent on COVID-19 related tasks on a weekly basis. Average weekly hours spent on TB and non-TB tasks for 2019, and COVID-19 related tasks in 2020 were summed to quantify average weekly workload per cadre required to offer uninterrupted TB services and to additionally manage COVID-19 responsibilities. We applied a framework analysis approach informed by Sousa’s Health Labor Market Framework which served as the conceptual model for our study, to classify, deductively code and interpret the qualitative data from interviews [ 32 ]. The methods applied did not account for external factors, including the impact of COVID-19 tasks on workload.

Ethical considerations

Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants responding to the WISN questionnaire and participating in key informant interviews, and all participants confirmed that they were in a legal, safe, and convenient environment while conducting the telephonic interview. Ethical approval for all methods including the informed consent process was obtained from Sigma IRB, a division of Sigma Research and Consulting Private Ltd with approval code 10,032/IRB/20–21.

Workload pressure and staff shortage

Among 377 interviewed NTEP respondents, a complete WISN workload assessment, not factoring in time spent on COVID-19 tasks, was conducted for 372 respondents. Four out of five cadres in the peripheral health institute (PHI) level were on average overworked, as more than 50% of these cadres’ respondents had a high workload pressure (Fig.  2 ). All five PHI-level cadres however had an overall staff shortage of 36% (Table  1 ). At the block level, about one-third of medical officers and senior treatment supervisors (STS) were considered underworked, while most senior TB laboratory supervisors (84%) and approximately half of TB health visitors (56%) were considered underworked. 44% of STS and 33% of medical officers were overworked (Fig.  3 ).

WISN workload pressure by cadre level. PHI level cadres. Data in Figs.  2 – 5 do not account for time spent on COVID-19 task

WISN workload pressure by cadre level. TB unit/ block level cadres. Data in Figs.  2 – 5 do not account for time spent on COVID-19 task

At the district level, five of eight cadres were on average overworked (ranging between 70 and 80% per cadre), with only senior medical officers, NTEP accountants and data entry operators on average being underworked (Fig.  4 ). Workload showed the widest range at the state level, with pharmacists showing the lowest levels of overwork (15%) and 100% of STDC directors and senior lab technicians reporting overwork (Fig.  5 ).

WISN workload pressure by cadre level. District level cadres. Data in Figs.  2 – 5 do not account for time spent on COVID-19 task

WISN workload pressure by cadre level. State level cadres. Data in Figs.  2 – 5 do not account for time spent on COVID-19 task

District and state level cadres both had an overall shortage of staff (18% each), with only three of eight district level cadres reporting a majority low or adequate workload pressure and surplus of staff, and five of 11 state level cadres reporting the same (Table  1 ).

Double workload burden: COVID-19 and Tuberculosis

Respondents from all 28 cadres carried out COVID-19 tasks daily, approximately 73% of 372 total respondents ( n  = 270) [ 33 ]. The average time spent on COVID-19 tasks was 4.4 h per day, with PHI and block level cadres reporting the highest average of 5.4 and 5.0 h per day respectively, followed by state at 4.2 h and district at 3.9 h per day [ 33 ]. This also holds true for multiple cadres which are both highly instrumental in TB screening and diagnosis and already overworked according to the WISN analysis who did not factor in the time required for their additional COVID-19 tasks.

Table  2 presents an overview of the time spent on reported COVID-19 (2020), TB (2019), and non-TB related activities (2019) on a weekly basis for ten cadres which have key roles in either screening or testing for TB. This means that each of these cadres is directly involved in identification of people with presumptive TB in the community or facility, or testing specimens for TB in the laboratory (column C). Relative to a 40-hour workweek, all 10 cadres reported that they spent more than 50% of their daily hours (extrapolated to the week) on COVID-19-related tasks (column L). Seven of the ten cadres are already overworked (columns E, F) without factoring in COVID-19 responsibilities. Summing the COVID-19, TB, and non-TB hours required, these cadres would need to work an average of 1.7 (range: 1.5 to 1.8) 40-hour work week equivalents per week, for an average of 66.8 h per week (range: 60.0–72.0). The hours spent on TB activities (column I) which are spent specifically on case-finding activities (column J) are also presented to provide a perspective on the number of hours available for work directly related to identifying, screening and testing people for TB. On average these cadres spend 32.9% of their week (26.9 h) on case-finding activities, if they have no additional COVID-19 responsibilities.

Qualitative findings

Interviews with NTEP staff revealed that cadres at all levels were responsible for setting up COVID-19 testing labs; ensuring that proper equipment for health care workers and frontline staff were provided and distributed; organizing COVID-19 specimen collection, transportation, testing and results provision. These COVID-related tasks increased workload primarily of community and PHI level cadres, in effect compromising NTEP service delivery in screening and diagnostic activities, supervision, and monitoring. Many lab technicians were diverted from TB to prioritize COVID-19 testing as the same testing platforms (CBNAAT) were shared to process both. TB testing also decreased during the national lockdown, in which all transportation was banned and most businesses were closed. One respondent expanded on this:

“Of course, yes, being involved in work related to COVID management in the district has hampered our work. We’ve had to divert staff for testing and sampling. People were assigned for identifying and following up cases etc., tracking the home isolation cases, so work still continues to suffer. We still don’t have enough to manage, how to handle all the samples? At one time, some 1,500 samples came. So, to get samples diagnosed at the field level, we had to mobilise the lab technicians’.” (CMOH)

Supervisory staff also prioritized COVID-19 related tasks:

“Supervisory staffs have also been given COVID duty and their work also got affected. That is why we have 23% decrease in notification.’ (State TB Officer).”

Respondents observed a large reduction in healthcare seeking behavior due to COVID-19 and hypothesized that this was related to fear of being tested for COVID-19, becoming infected in a facility, or being stigmatized due to ambiguous symptoms. Stakeholders reported that apprehensions around COVID-19 also added to TB stigma- that patients did not want to report symptoms including cough or cold, because they were apprehensive of having to test for COVID-19 and of possible institutional quarantine, as shown in this quote:

“There is stigma among the patient for COVID…they are not willing to come to the health facility, doctors are not willing to see the patients because of fear of contracting of the disease. Probably from October private institutions will start opening and probably things will settle gradually, but it all depends on availability of a remedy for COVID’. (DHS)”

However, responses suggest that the NTEP tried to cope with the additional COVID-19 workload by screening for COVID-19 during routine TB active case finding activities, and reduce interruptions to routine service delivery as much as possible. For instance, PHI and block level cadres conducting COVID-19 awareness campaigns, case-finding, and supporting patients at home and institutional quarantine often tried to integrate these tasks into their routine community-based TB tasks. The following quote provides an example of NTEP staff creating efficiency gains:

“My attempt has been to take advantage of the situation to combine other aspects. There haven’t been problems in getting people medicines. ASHA’s have to do per day surveys on COVID. We suggested that since they have to visit these many houses a day, they should continue their other work including Ante-Natal Care, healthcare for kids, general health, and TB. If you only ask about COVID — do you have fever, a cough and so on — it leads to the public getting scared of testing. So, the ASHA’s have been sensitized to talk about all aspects of their work.’ (District Nodal Officer CP)” “But we are committed to the goal of TB elimination. We have to do some active case finding activities after this and treat the patients. The STSs are delivering TB drug to the patients at their doorstep who are not able to come to the centers; sputum cups are provided to the ACSM coordinator during community [COVID-19] survey to collect [COVID-19 and TB] sputum samples from the patients .(District TB Officer).”

Providing drugs to TB patients was initially challenging during COVID-19 lockdowns; however, service providers quickly responded by providing extra drugs to patients during their facility visits and by conducting home deliveries:

“When we came into lockdown the policy was made that drugs should be brought to the patient instead of patient approaching us for drugs that is one thing. We also took on the decision that no dropout (of TB patients) should happen for want of drugs or want of medical aid’. (DHS)”

The WISN analysis shows that cadres working in all levels of the NTEP were overworked and suffered from staff shortages, which were substantial for both cadres (PHI and block) working closest with the community. Managing COVID-19 has seriously increased the workloads of many of these cadres, and COVID-19 tasks were reportedly prioritized above many others. Qualitative interviews suggest that the workloads calculated may be based on fewer facility attendees than expected due to reduced healthcare seeking behavior and provider hesitance to interact with patients. The WISN analysis and COVID-19 workload calculations suggest that reaching the NTEP’s 2025 notification targets may be challenging if a similar diversion of key TB screening and diagnosis staff towards COVID-19 management were to continue. To accommodate the double burden of TB and COVID-19, NTEP staff implemented workarounds, including simultaneously conducting TB and COVID screening, and delivering medicines in bulk quantity to patients’ homes during community COVID-19 surveillance.

WISN ratios underrepresent workloads

Due to the omission of COVID-19 tasks from the WISN ratio and the expectation for key cadres to carry out COVID-19 and TB services simultaneously, it can be reasoned that the actual workload pressure experienced in 2020 was likely much higher than presented. As most key screening and diagnostic cadres would have normally spent more than 50% of their weekly hours on TB tasks prior to COVID-19, they were working far beyond 40 h per week, and cutting back on delivery of routine TB services to accommodate the COVID-19 workload [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 12 , 16 , 24 ]. Although lockdowns limited healthcare seeking behavior and reduced TB workload for many, demand for TB services was still present as evidenced by continued high notifications: overall 2.4 million and 1.8 million cases were notified in 2019 and 2020 respectively [ 34 ]. Our analysis suggests that for uninterrupted TB service delivery to have co-existed with the volume of COVID-19 activities conducted in 2020, almost twice the number of HRH would have been required just among cadres involved in key TB screening and diagnostic activities (mean: 1.7; range: 1.5–1.8). Thus, in a COVID-19 endemic setting, the cadres who are most heavily involved in presumptive TB case-finding have minimal time to pull presumptive TB cases into the care cascade, upon which all NTEP TB notification targets depend. Passive case-finding of presumptive TB cases in facilities has returned to pre-pandemic levels in many settings, due to health system resilience and international funding mechanisms. However our study shows that cadres responsible for TB active case-finding (ASHAs, TB health visitors and senior treatment supervisors), which is also an essential activity to reach the NTEP’s notification targets, are overworked without COVID-19 tasks, and required at least 1.5–1.6 times their current working hours to provide uninterrupted routine TB and COVID services in 2020. While NTEP cadres can be recruited and retained to address this gap during future health emergencies, this is a particularly problematic finding for ASHAs, who are not employed staff, but volunteers who are paid for performance for a range of community-based services. In fact, ASHAs had the highest WISN ratio (2.15) of all 28 priority cadres interviewed. It is not a sustainable solution to, in emergency situations, rely more heavily on an overworked group of individuals who are not compensated equitably relative to employed NTEP cadres.

Solutions identified

Our results highlight a number of strategies implemented by NTEP staff to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 responsibilities on routine service delivery, namely adding COVID-19 to existing community outreach services, or bringing TB medications to patient homes during lockdowns. In facility settings, the CTD has implemented bi-directional TB and COVID-19 screening among higher risk groups [ 35 ]. Other opportunities to create efficiencies have been well-documented elsewhere [ 4 , 7 , 11 , 17 , 21 , 24 , 36 ].

These solutions have and likely will continue to support NTEP cadres, at all levels, in managing both routine TB and COVID-19 responsibilities. However, there are still several obstacles that need to be addressed if these solutions can provide sustained relief to overworked staff. ASHAs have demanded improved compensation and recognition for the important role they have played in carrying out community health outreach, including both TB and COVID-19 case-finding [ 37 ].

Furthermore, although the influx of COVID-dedicated PCR machines may have been hugely beneficial, for the foreseeable future India will need to test a high volume of specimens for COVID-19, and a backlog of undiagnosed prevalent TB cases which may have accrued during COVID-19 peaks [ 4 ]. This will require both additional PCR machines and laboratory staff. Finally, ensuring that people who test positive for TB or are clinically diagnosed are started on TB treatment will require additional senior treatment supervisors and medical officers.

To make gains toward TB notification targets, supporting the capacity of cadres involved in screening and diagnosis of TB is essential. In addition to providing more appropriate incentives to ASHAs, India’s private sector has a proven track record of conducting TB case-finding and can play a larger role in diagnosis & referral [ 38 ]. Within facilities, identifying more TB presumptives will be key, and can be achieved by conducting systematic screening in outpatient departments [ 39 ], although this will also require additional capacity for facility-based cadres.

Others have written about the necessity of strategies to reach populations who avoided health services during lockdowns and infection waves [ 4 , 10 ]. Strengthening this linkage between communities and facilities to increase presumptives to funnel into the TB screening cascade is essential, and may require increased HRH during future public health emergencies [ 40 , 41 ]. The more recently established Health and Wellness Centers can play an important role in providing both TB and COVID-19 screening services to communities, although this will add supervision responsibilities [ 42 ].

Given the mix of differently burdened staff in similar roles working in near proximity, the study identified task-sharing and shifting as a potential solution [ 33 , 43 ]. This could be explored between NTEP cadres or with India’s recently emerging public health cadres. In 2022 India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) published implementation guidance for public health management cadres with the specific mandate to manage infectious disease outbreaks in health facilities, disease control offices, and educational settings [ 44 , 45 ]. Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Odisha states have already trained and stationed public health management cadres, while other states are yet to do so [ 46 ]. The permanent availability of such a cadre could provide needed support for management of newly emerging diseases, such as COVID-19, and minimizing disruption to routine health services in the early stages of future emergencies.

Study limitations

WISN analyses are intended to be conducted through in-person observation, but due to lockdown restrictions our analysis was conducted on the telephone. Therefore, our findings were based on reported as opposed to observed activity duration, introducing potential recall bias. Furthermore, the study design did not allow for tests of statistical significance to be conducted, nor for comparisons between urban and rural or sector strata.

The devastating impact of COVID-19 on HRH capacity to conduct TB screening and diagnosis in India in 2020 and 2021, as in other settings, cannot be overstated. Our findings provide clear evidence that NTEP HRH did not have time or essential material resources to carry out TB tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic without doing substantial overtime and/or compromising on TB service delivery. To minimize disruptions to routine health services such as TB amidst future emerging infectious diseases, we would do well, during periods of relative calm and stability, to strategically map out how HRH lab staff, public health resources, such as India’s Health and Wellness Centers and public health cadre, and public-private sector collaboration can most optimally absorb shocks to the health system.

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are available from India’s Central Tuberculosis Division, and may be provided upon reasonable request to one of the co-authors.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Garima Gupta, Dr. Mona Gupta and Dr. Ved Rajani of India’s National Health Systems Resource Centre for their leadership and technical contributions to this study. From India’s Central Tuberculosis Division we are grateful to Dr. Sanjay Kumar Mattoo, Dr. Ravinder Kumar, and Dr. Neha Vats for their leadership and support. We also appreciate the translation of key findings into policy recommendations of Mr. Vikas Sheel and Ms. Aarti Ahuja.

Funding for this study was provided by the World Bank Group.

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CM, CL, MD, AB, and DD made substantial contributions to manuscript development. VK, AS and CM analyzed data, and all authors including RM, SD, SS, GF, and KSS contributed to interpretation of results and manuscript revisions.

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Ethical approval was obtained from Sigma institutional review board, a division of Sigma Research and Consulting Private Ltd with approval code 10032/IRB/20–21. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants responding to the WISN questionnaire and participating in key informant interviews. all participants confirmed that they were in a legal, safe, and convenient environment while conducting the telephonic interview. The procedure to take informed consent verbally was approved by Sigma institutional review board, a division of Sigma Research and Consulting Private Ltd, all methods were carried out in accordance with declaration of Helsinki.

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Mergenthaler, C., Bhatnagar, A., Dong, D. et al. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 management on the workload of human resources working in India’s National Tuberculosis Elimination Program. BMC Health Serv Res 24 , 907 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11131-8

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Received : 27 March 2023

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11131-8

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