review of related literature practical research 2

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• —Nature of Inquiry and Research

Self-Learning Module- Quarter 1 Practical Research 2: SHS Modules 1-3 View Download

Self Learning Module  |  ZIP

Curriculum Information

Copyright information, technical information.

Practical Research 2

Quarter 2 - module 3.

Conceptual Framework and Review of Related Literature

Learning Competency Code: CS_RS12-If-j-6, CS_RS12-If-j-7, CS_RS12-If-j-8, CS_RS12-If-j-9

expected outcomes

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate and explain the research framework (CS_RS12-If-j-6);

define terms used in the study (CS_RS12-If-j-7);

list research hypothesis (if appropriate) (CS_RS12-If-j-8) and

present a written review of related literature and conceptual framework (CS_RS12-If-j-9).

QUARTER 1 - MODULE 3 LIST OF topics

Lesson 1 : Research Framework

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

Common Example of Conceptual Framework

Kinds of Variable

Lesson 2 : Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms (Conceptual and Operational Definition)

Lesson 3 : Research Hypothesis

6. Types of Research Hypothesis

Lesson 4 : Review of Related Literature

7. Review of related literature

8. What is it? Activity 2, page 36

1. Theoritical Framework

Theoretical Framework Made Easy! No-stress Research

2.A Conceptual Framework

How to Write the Conceptual Framework of a Research Study

2 .B . Conceptual Framework

Paano Sumulat ng Conceptual Framework

3. Kinds of variable

Independent and Dependent Variables

4. definition of terms (conceptual and operational definition)

Definition of Terms

5. types of research hypothesis

How to Write Hypothesis of the Study

6. review of related literature

How to Write a Literature Review

7.A steps in writing literature review

7.b STEPS in writing Literature review

How to DO a Literature Review Using Google Scholar

8. what is it? -activity 2, page 36

Literature Reviews

• No category

G12-PRACTICAL-RESEARCH-2

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Practical Research 2: Quarter 1 - Module 8: Review of Related Literature

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Practical Research 2 Quarter 1 – Module 8: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Subject Area – Grade LevelSelf-Learning Module (SLM)Quarter 1 – Module 8: Review of Related LiteratureFirst Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work ofthe Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or officewherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Suchagency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from theirrespective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownershipover them.

Development Team of the Module Writers: ADONIS C. BAYRON, MAT Editors: CHARMAINE ROSE T. ESTANDARTE Reviewers: Name Illustrator: Name Layout Artist: Name Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director Name of Schools Division Superintendent Name of Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM Name of REPS – Subject Area Supervisor Name of CID Chief Name of Division EPS In Charge of LRMS Name of Division ADM Coordinator Name of EPS – Subject Area Supervisor

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of KoronadalTelefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893E-mail Address: [email protected] Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) in Practical Research 1 is prepared so thatyou, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,questions, directions, exercises and discussions are carefully stated for you tounderstand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need toask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of thelesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-checkyour learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that youwill be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes tothe Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies andreminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any partof this SLM. Use separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Readthe instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering thetasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you. What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you masterthe Review of Related Literature.

The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessonsare arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in whichyou read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.The module is composed of one lesson only: • Lesson 1 – Review of Related Literature

After going through this module, you are expected to: a. enumerate ways in writing properly the review of related literature; and b. make related literature from the given terms.

2 What I Know

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write your answers on the space provided before each number.

________________1. Related Literature is composed of opinions to which the present study is related.

________________2. Literature is an oral or written record of man's significant experiences that are artistically conveyed in a straightforward manner.

________________3. Review of Related Literature is a man's written or spoken knowledge of the world.

________________4. Related Literature helps the reader in searching for or selecting a better research problem or topic.

________________5. Review of Related Literature (RRL) helps the researcher understands his/her topic or research better.

________________6. RRL ensures that there will be a duplication of other studies.

________________7. RRL provides the conceptual or theoretical framework of the unplanned research.

________________8. RRL gives the researcher a feeling of belongingness.

________________9. RRL provides information about research methods used.

_______________10. RRL provides findings and conclusions of present investigation.

3 Lesson REVIEW OF RELATED 8 LITERATURE

Directions: Based on your learnings from the previous topic discussed, describe the term “hypothesis”.

4 What’s New

Directions: Based on the caricature presented below, construct at least fivesentences. Write your sentences on the blanks provided.

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/696791373580009066/

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________________________

5 What is It

How to select relevant literature in quantitative research?

Carrying out a comprehensive literature review is an important skill. It’s amajor part of writing a research paper. Even though your literature review couldprobably be a section in your research paper, it should still include the format ofa formal piece of writing. A literature review may consist of simply a summary of key sources, butin the social sciences, a literature review usually has an organizational patternand combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptualcategories. The analytical features of a literature review are: • Give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations; • Trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates; and • Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant research (Baraceros, 2016).

When writing your review, keep in mind these issues.

Use EvidenceA literature review section is, in this sense, just like any other academic researchpaper. Your interpretation of the available sources must be backed up withevidence [citations] that demonstrates that what you are saying is valid.Be SelectiveSelect only the most important points in each source to highlight in the review.The type of information you choose to mention should relate directly to theresearch problem, whether it is thematic, methodological, or chronological.Related items that provide additional information but that are not key tounderstanding the research problem can be included in a list of furtherreadings.Use Quotes SparinglySome short quotes are okay if you want to emphasize a point, or if what anauthor stated cannot be easily paraphrased. Sometimes you may need to quotecertain terminology that was coined by the author, not common knowledge, ortaken directly from the study. Do not use extensive quotes as a substitute foryour own summary and interpretation of the literature.

6 Summarize and SynthesizeRemember to summarize and synthesize your sources within eachthematic paragraph as well as throughout the review. Recapitulateimportant features of a research study, but then synthesize it byrephrasing the study's significance and relating it to your own work.

Keep Your Own VoiceWhile the literature review presents others' ideas, your voice [the writer's]should remain front and center. For example, weave references to othersources into what you are writing but maintain your own voice by startingand ending the paragraph with your own ideas and wording.

Use Caution When ParaphrasingWhen paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to representthe author's information or opinions accurately and in your own words.Even when paraphrasing an author’s work, you still must provide acitation to that work (Baumeister & Leary, 2013).

You might say something like this: Research indicates that there are a number of approaches to assessing canineaggression. According to Reisner, Shofer, and Nance (2007) studies shows that dog aggressiontowards children used retrospective review of aggressive incidents reported to a veterinary clinic,and included a systematic categorization of the types and circumstances of the incidents. Moreover, a study specifically focusing on comparing variation in aggression acrossseveral different breeds employed a standardized survey measure of general aggressivebehaviors, which is based on owner report of canine aggression (Duffy, Hsu & Serpel, 2008). In addition, Another study reported the use of a standardized assessment of very specificaggressive behavior (food guarding), using an assessment method that can be used by eitherowners or professionals (Mohan-Gibbons, Weiss & Slater, 2012). All the methods yielded validresults as noted by each study, but the standardized measures appeared to be more efficient andeasier to use with non-professionals.

Source: Alice Frye, Ph.D, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell

7 Ethical standards in writing related literature

Nowadays, with the advent of modern technology causing the emergenceof varied electronic communication devices and online sources of information,collecting data happens easily and speedily. Through computer technology with its powerful internet, you becomeexposed to extensive amount of knowledge that is easy to lure you in intopracticing the copy-and-paste technique of obtaining ideas for your researchpaper. Unmindful of prestigious ways of working academically, there is a dangerthat you may fall into this dishonest way of reviewing and related literature. The ethical way of literature tells you to acknowledge the owners ofborrowed ideas and put quotation marks around copied words from books orarticles. Intentionally or negligently disregarding the use of quotation marksaround words copied exactly is not only unethical but an indication of grossplagiarism as well. You must be aware the fact that with the surfacing of onlinesources of information, software to detect plagiarism from online source haslikewise become available in academic institutions. Proper citations andreferencing is your way of freeing yourself from plagiarism and of avoiding peoplefrom casting doubts on your honesty and integrity as a researcher (Baraceros,2016).

What is the difference between a literature review and a review of studies? LITERATURE REVIEW REVIEW OF STUDIES • A literature review, straight • A “review of studies” is done to up, is a review of “all” compare and sometimes published science relevant to collate the results of a set of the topic. Often the purpose substantially similar is to assess the current state controlled/laboratory of the research, and identify simulations/experiments that gaps in understanding were done on the same topic, and/or suggest future by different research groups, avenues of exploration, at different ties. rather than to present new • This can be valuable if a research of one’s own. number of conflicting study • A literature review will, by results have been published definition, include theoretical over a lengthy time-frame - for papers and pieces as well as instance, on the correlation papers that cover field between alcohol consumption observations, and papers and heart disease, or the that cover laboratory correlation between BMI and simulations or experiments. morbidity - because it allows Some papers will include you to consider what more than one category - for differences in their instance, a comparison of experimental methodology, how the predictions of a execution, or analysis might specific theoretical model have contributed to the developed by the group line contradictory results (Krelove, up with field observations by 2019). the same group(Krelove, 2019).

8 Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review

Pautasso (2013) emphasized that reviewing the literature requiresthe ability to juggle multiple tasks, from finding and evaluating relevantmaterial to synthesizing information from various sources, from criticalthinking to paraphrasing, evaluating, and citation skills. He proposed thefollowing rules in writing review related literature:

Rule 1: Define a Topic and AudienceThe topic must at least be: a. interesting to you (ideally, you should have come across a series of recent papers related to your line of work that call for a critical summary); b. an important aspect of the field (so that many readers will be interested in the review and there will be enough material to write it), and c. a well-defined issue (otherwise you could potentially include thousands of publications, which would make the review unhelpful).Rule 2: Search and Re-search the Literature After having chosen your topic and audience, start by checking theliterature and downloading relevant papers.

Rule 3: Take Notes While Reading If you read the papers first, and only afterwards start writing thereview, you will need a very good memory to remember who wrote what,and what your impressions and associations were while reading eachsingle paper

Rule 4: Choose the Type of Review You Wish to Write After having taken notes while reading the literature, you will havea rough idea of the amount of material available for the review.

Rule 5: Keep the Review Focused, but Make It of Broad InterestWhether your plan is to write a mini- or a full review, it is a good advice tokeep it focused. Including material just for the sake of it can easily lead toreviews that are trying to do too many things at once.

Rule 6: Be Critical and Consistent Reviewing the literature is not stamp collecting. A good review doesnot just summarize the literature, but discusses it critically, identifiesmethodological problems, and points out research gaps.

9 Rule 7: Find a Logical Structure Like a well-baked cake, a good review has a number of tellingfeatures: it is worth the reader's time, timely, systematic, well written,focused, and critical. It also needs a good structure. With reviews, theusual subdivision of research papers into introduction, methods, results,and discussion does not work or is rarely used. However, a generalintroduction of the context and, toward the end, a recapitulation of themain points covered and take-home messages make sense also in the caseof reviews.

Rule 8: Make Use of Feedback Reviews of the literature are normally peer-reviewed in the sameway as research papers, and rightly so. As a rule, incorporating feedbackfrom reviewers greatly helps improve a review draft. Having read thereview with a fresh mind, reviewers may spot inaccuracies,inconsistencies, and ambiguities that had not been noticed by the writersdue to rereading the typescript too many times.

Rule 9: Include Your Own Relevant Research, but Be Objective In many cases, reviewers of the literature will have publishedstudies relevant to the review they are writing. This could create a conflictof interest: how can reviewers report objectively on their own work? Somescientists may be overly enthusiastic about what they have published,and thus risk giving too much importance to their own findings in thereview. However, bias could also occur in the other direction: somescientists may be unduly dismissive of their own achievements, so thatthey will tend to downplay their contribution (if any) to a field whenreviewing it.

Rule 10: Be Up-to-Date, but Do Not Forget Older Studies Given the progressive acceleration in the publication of scientificpapers, today's reviews of the literature need awareness not just of theoverall direction and achievements of a field of inquiry, but also of thelatest studies, so as not to become out-of-date before they have beenpublished. Ideally, a literature review should not identify as a majorresearch gap an issue that has just been addressed in a series of papersin press (the same applies, of course, to older, overlooked studies

10 What’s More

Directions: Answer what is asked.

1. What are the analytical features of literature review?

2. What are the ten simple rules in writing literature? Explain each rule in your own words.

1. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

11 5.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12 What I Have Learned

A. Directions: State and explain the ethical standards in writing a review of related literature. Write your answers on the space provided below. ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

B. Directions: In your own words, differentiate related literature and review studies. Write your answers on the space provided,

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

Content/idea- 10 points Grammar/Spelling- 5 points TOTAL- 15 points each item

13 What I Can Do

Directions: Present a sample Review of Related Literature (RRL) of the underlined words on the given research title below.

“Learning Styles and Academic Performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Students”

___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Criteria: Appropriateness of info.- 10 points Paraphrasing- 10 points Correctness of In-text citation- 10 points TOTAL- 30 points

14 Assessment

Directions: Write TRUE if the given statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write your answers on the space provided before each number. Explain why you opt to answer true or false.

_________1. The ethical way of literature tells you to acknowledge the owners of borrowed ideas and put quotation marks around copied words from books or articles.

Explanation:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________2. After you have chosen your topic and audience, start by checking the literature and by downloading irrelevant papers.

__________3. The related items that provide additional information, which are not essential in understanding the research problem can be included in the list of further readings.

__________4. Select only the least important points in each source to be highlighted in the review.

__________5. Reviewing the literature is not just like collecting a stamp.

15 Additional Activities

Directions: In a brief reflective essay, express how much you have understood the concepts about RRL or Review of Related Literature in quantitative research. Specify which ideas sank into your mind or came to your understanding excellently, moderately, slightly, poorly, or emptily.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-20813

16 Answer Key

FALSE 10. FALSE 9. FALSE 8. FALSE 7. FALSE 6. TRUE 5. FALSE 5. TRUE 4. TRUE 4. TRUE 3. FALSE 3. TRUE 2. FALSE 2. TRUE 1. TRUE 1.

What’s New What I Know Assessment

ReferencesBaraceros, E. (2016). Ethical standards in writing review of literature Practical Research 2. Rex Books Store. Manila, Philippines.

Calderon, J. & Gonzales, E. (1993). Related literature and studies: In methods of research and thesis writing. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.

Pautasso, M. (2013). Ten simple rules for writing a literature review. Retrieved fromhttp://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi. 1003149

Baumeister, R. & Leary, M. (2013). Writing narrative literature reviews. Retrieved from www.researcheducexpert.com/122345009/search.com

Krelove, K. (2019). What is the difference between a literature review and a review of studies?. Retrieved on July 19, 2019 from https://www.quora.com/What- is-the-difference-between-a-literature-review-and-a-review-of-studies

17 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGENLearning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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