india and g20 presidency essay in english

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Essay on G20 Summit in English: 100, 200 and 500 Words

The G-20 consists of the finance ministers and governors of the central banks of 19 of the world's top economies, plus the European Union and African Union. The goals of the G20 are to—coordinate policies among its members to achieve sustainable growth and global economic stability; advance financial laws that lower risks and avert future financial crises; and establish a new global financial architecture. Here are a few sample essays on the G20 Summit in English.

100 Words Essay on G20 Summit

200 words essay on g20 summit, 500 words essay on g20 summit.

The G20 Summit is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 21 major Economies. The summit was established in 1999 to discuss policy issues related to international economic cooperation and development. The 21 countries in the G20 account for approximately 85% of the world's GDP and two-thirds of its population. These countries are—Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the African Union, European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Russia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK and the USA. The G20 is important for India because it provides a platform for the country to engage with the world's largest economies, promote its economic interests, and address critical global issues.

Importance of G20 For India

The G20 is important for India for several reasons:

Representation: India is one of the countries represented in the G20, giving it a voice in the international forum for discussing policy issues related to the global economy. This provides India with an opportunity to share its perspectives and opinions on key economic issues and to participate in shaping global economic policies.

Economic Growth: The G20 provides a platform for India to engage with the world's largest economies and to promote its economic interests. India can leverage the G20 platform to attract investment and trade, driving its economic growth and development.

Global Issues: The G20 is an important platform for India to address global issues such as climate change, poverty, and inequality. India can work with other G20 countries to solve these issues and promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

Financial Stability: The G20 is also relevant for India because it plays a role in enhancing international financial stability. India can participate in discussions on financial regulation and stability, which can help ensure that the global financial system remains stable and resilient.

The G20 also provides India with an opportunity to participate in shaping international economic policies and enhance its financial stability. The 2024 G20 Summit is expected to focus on several key issues, including global economic recovery, promoting sustainable and inclusive economic growth, and addressing inequality and poverty. The leaders will also discuss ways to tackle the climate crisis, strengthen the international trade system, and enhance international financial stability.

One of the major topics of discussion at the 2024 G20 Summit will be around the ongoing climate change issues. The leaders will exchange views on the global response to world climate change. The G20 summit will help in designing some new rules and regulations to save the environment.

Another critical issue to be discussed is the global economy's recovery from the pandemic and the efforts needed to restore growth and create jobs. The leaders will focus on implementing policies that support investment and trade, promoting digital transformation, and addressing the challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises.

The 2024 G20 Summit will also provide an opportunity for the leaders to address the climate crisis and work towards a more sustainable and inclusive future. The summit is expected to explore ways to transition to a green economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions while promoting economic growth and job creation.

The G20 Summit is a critical event for addressing the challenges facing the global community. The leaders will come together to discuss the issues affecting the world's economy, and the need for a sustainable and inclusive economic recovery. The summit will provide an opportunity for leaders to exchange views and work together towards a better future for all. It is a platform that can give new directions to the world.

Relevance of G20 Summit

The G20 Summit is relevant because it provides a platform for the leaders of the world's largest economies to come together and address critical global issues.

The G20 countries represent 85% of the world's GDP and two-thirds of its population, making it a significant forum for international economic cooperation and decision-making.

The G20 Summit allows leaders to exchange views, discuss policy solutions, and coordinate efforts to address major challenges facing the global community. These challenges can range from economic issues such as recession, trade, and investment, to social issues such as poverty, inequality, and climate change.

The G20 Summit is also relevant because it provides a platform for collective action. The leaders can work together to implement policies and initiatives that will have a significant impact on the global economy and society. For example, the G20 has played a crucial role in responding to the global financial crisis of 2008 and in coordinating the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In conclusion, the G20 Summit is relevant because it brings together the leaders of the world's largest economies to address critical global issues and work towards finding solutions. Its significance lies in its ability to facilitate international cooperation and decision-making, and in its potential to drive collective action and create a better future for all.

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Explainer: India G20 presidency 2023: what does it mean and what can we expect

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WHAT IS THE G20?

What does g20 presidency entail, what is g20's upcoming agenda, what does the g20 mean for india and modi.

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Reporting by Devjyot Ghoshal; Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. New Tab , opens new tab

Thomson Reuters

Devjyot reports on Southeast Asia, with a focus on business stories and those involving the nexus of money and power. Previously, he was a politics and general news correspondent based in New Delhi, where he was part of Reuters teams that won India’s Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award and the South Asian Journalists Association Award. He is a graduate of Columbia University, King's College London and Loyola College in India.

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What India’s G20 presidency tells us about its approach to geopolitics

India chaired the G20 in 2023 with the message slogan “one planet, one family, one future.” Image:  REUTERS/Anushree Fadnavis

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• India chaired the G20 in 2023 with the message slogan “one planet, one family, one future.”
• As the country’s role in global politics continues to grow, there are lessons in the G20 presidency on how the country could operate in the future.
• India’s priority, it seems, is multilateral cooperation and courting countries that may have been marginalized in the past.

The G20 has advanced a lot since it met in Pittsburgh, in 2008, to declare itself the world’s “premier forum for international economic co-operation.”

The Pittsburgh Summit took place in the depths of the 2008 financial crisis and was singularly focused on saving the global financial system.

Today, the picture is different. Today, the G20 seeks not to manage a crisis, but to shepherd the world into a multilateral system of economic governance.

At the recently concluded New Delhi Summit, G20 President India pushed for a consensus among the countries on multilateral global governance — and we can learn much about the country’s geopolitical vision from this and its approach to the G20 more generally.

India's approach to global challenges

The country has used the G20’s channel of multilateral cooperation to engage with the states outside the group. Take, for example, its push to provide the African Union a permanent seat at the G20, or one of the country's first actions as G20 president: hosting the ‘Voice of the Global South’ Summit , a dialogue with 125 countries to understand their developmental concerns.

In the financial sphere, India pushed for the G20's recommendation , unanimously accepted, to reform international financial institutions, create stronger global financial safety nets and systematically address debt vulnerabilities in low- and middle-income countries.

In climate finance India is in the process of developing its offering. Its National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change and the National Clean Energy Fund both seek to improve adaptation and resilience and to provide the funds necessary to deal with climate change.

India has also pledged to launch an online platform for mentoring and building the capacity of women leaders in specific sectors across G20 countries. It has been vocal in its support for a series of commitments to women-led development, including increased investments in STEM for women, promoting women’s entrepreneurship, and ensuring more community-level leadership and decision-making roles for women.

Have you read?

How india’s climate leadership is building a better future for all, how digital public infrastructure can serve as a building block for data free flow with trust, the international significance of india's digital public infrastructure, pushing for renewed multilateralism.

The world of 2023 is vastly different from the one in 2009. Since the Pittsburgh Summit, we have experienced a pandemic, the rise of AI and a growing acceptance of the climate crisis among the "polycrisis" of interrelated risks that continue to challenge progress towards a better world by 2030.

In this context, India’s push for a renewed multilateralism is one that is welcomed by much of the international community — the problems of today mandate this kind of cooperation.

Even outside the G20, India is playing an increasingly important role in the international arena and working with various partners to achieve its goal and push for a multilateral governance model. India is increasingly acting as a bridge between partners, from Saudi Arabia to Brazil and South Africa. It uses its growing influence to affect positive change in the backdrop of simmering geopolitical tensions.

Courting the Global South at the G20

India's approach to multilateralism focuses heavily on emerging economies, using multiple informal, mutually beneficial and purpose-driven partnerships, built on agreements between sovereign governments that are based both on principles and on centering their peoples’ needs. For example, it has signed bilateral trade deals agreed with the UAE, Singapore, Korea and more. These attributes mirror India’s foreign policy approach over the last few years. Over the past decade, India has pioneered a multilateralism that is built around limited-liability, flexible partnerships: from the Quad to I2U2 to BRICS.

The scope of the commitments taken on by the G20 under the Indian presidency — from biofuels to the reform of international development banks — is an indication of the role the country seeks to play in the international community. All are of importance to the developing world.

Multilateralism in a fragmented world

Global leadership today must take on the task of reshaping the world’s economy to the benefit of those who seek to shape the next era of globalization, however that may look.

India, Brazil or South Africa will each be in the chair of the world’s multilateral groupings for the next two years. As members of BRICS, they have previously supported each other’s initiatives. Just as India aided Indonesia in the last-minute scramble for agreement at the G20 in Bali last year, the emerging market democracies came together to make a Delhi consensus possible.

Among these nations, India’s primacy is hard to ignore. It has the largest population, largest economy and highest growth rate. It also has a geography that makes it impossible to ignore. Simply put: India matters.

Another generation from now, the world will have changed again — and, undoubtedly, part of the story of that change will be what happens within India, and how it interacts with the world. India is one of the key stories of our age.

More on India's G20 presidency on Agenda

• As president of the G20, India has the chance to bring the international community closer together in accelerating climate action . Strong public-private collaboration will be critical to supporting these efforts, write the World Economic Forum's President, Børge Brende, Anish Shah, Group Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director, Mahindra Group, and Sumant Sinha, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, ReNew Power.
• The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that a united global response is the most effective way to combat and contain a global health emergency. Mansukh Mandaviya , the Minister of Health and Family Welfare; and Minister of Chemicals and Fertilisers, Government of India highlights how India is using its presidency of the G20 to build consensus on a global health accelerator .
• India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) is making international waves. Here's how the lessons learned from its success could form the bedrock of a globally thriving Artificial Intelligence (AI) ecosystem .
• Digital transformation is key to India's economic growth, writes Arundhati Bhattacharya , Chairperson and CEO at Salesforce India, while discussing the opportunities for business.
• Learn more about the India Smart City Mission (SCM) experience , which is becoming a game-changer for cities in mobilising external financial resources.

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World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.

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G20 Essay Competition

Selection criteria, points to remember, gratification, terms & conditions.

• To invite students to share their ideas and visions for India’s G20 Presidency
• To create awareness and enhance knowledge about India’s G20 Presidency
• To increase understanding about India’s G20 Presidency
• To encourage young Indians to relate to different parameters of G20.
• Originality of thought and depth of knowledge
• Quality of Content, Relevance to the topic.
• Structure, articulation and writing style
• The competition is open to only Indian Citizens.
• The Essay can be submitted in either Hindi or English languages in the following categories/ age groups:
• The length of the Essay must not exceed 1500 words.
• The Essay must be typed in an A-4 size MS word document using Arial font for English and Mangal font for Hindi, having size 12 with 1.5” spacing and should be submitted in the form of PDF.
• The participants must be the same person who has written the essay. The Essay should reflect original thinking and presentation.
• The Competition is open to only Indian Citizens.
• Category: 12 - 14 years of age
• Category: 14 -16 years of age
• All entries must be submitted through the MyGov.in portal only. Entries submitted through any other medium/mode will not be considered for evaluation.
• A participant can submit only once. In case it is found that any participant has submitted more than one entry, all his/her entries will be considered as invalid.
• The entry should be original. Copied entries or plagiarized entries will not be considered under the contest. Winning entries will also be suitably publicized by the G20 Secretariat/ Ministry of External Affairs.
• There are no charges/registration fee for participation in the competition.
• The Essay must be typed in an A-4 size MS word document using Arial font for English and Mangal font for Hindi, having size 12 with 1.5” spacing. The essay must be uploaded in the PDF format.
•  Please note that the Essay must be original and should not violate any provision of the Indian Copyright Act 1957. Anyone found infringing on others’ copyright would be disqualified from the competition. G20 Secretariat/Ministry of External Affairs does not bear any responsibility for copyright violations or infringements of intellectual property carried out by the participants.
•  Mention of the Author’s name /email etc., anywhere in the body of the essay will lead to disqualification.
•  G20 Secretariat/Ministry of External Affairs reserves the right to verify original documents such as proof of age etc., before awarding the prizes.
•  Participant is to make sure that their MyGov profile is accurate and updated since G20 Secretariat/Ministry of External Affairs would be using this for further communication. This includes details such as name, photo, complete postal address, email ID and phone number. Entries with incomplete profiles would not be considered.
•  The G20 Secretariat/Ministry of External Affairs reserve all the rights and any dispute, amendments or any issue related to this competition / guidelines / evaluation criteria etc., shall be decided by the G20 Secretariat/ Ministry of External Affairs which will be final and binding.
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EDITORIAL ANALYSIS : India’s G20 Presidency

Source: Indian Express, The Hindu

• Prelims: Current events of international importance, G20, Global south, Inflation etc.
• Mains GS Paper II & III: Significance of G20 countries, Bilateral, regional and global grouping and agreements involving India or affecting India’s interests.

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

• The Prime Minister said that India looks forward to a Presidency of healing, harmony and hope.
• Charles Dickens novel-A Tale of Two Cities : “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times… it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.”

INSIGHTS ON THE ISSUE

• The G20 is an informal group : 19 countries and the European Union, with representatives of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
• The G20 Presidency rotates annually: according to a system that ensures a regional balance over time.
• The presidency rotates between each group.
• India is in Group 2 which also has Russia, South Africa, and Turkey.
• The G20 does not have a permanent secretariat or Headquarters.

What are the current issues?

• Covid-19 pandemics: It has impacted most of the national economies
• Developing countries: are facing an extended, multi-faceted shock of great magnitude.
• Stalled negative economic growth
• Financial and liquidity crunch
• External debt crisis
• Increased poverty
• Worsening of social indicators and inequality.
• The UN says : the world is off track on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Digital divides between the developed and developing nations and within countries, regions and genders have widened.
• Climate-change disasters and conflicts
• The Taliban takeover of Afghanistan
• Ukraine-Russia war
• Food, fuel and fertilizer crisis
• Inflation-recession.
• Terrorism persists : the zero-tolerance stance and counterterrorism focus of the international community seems diluted.
• China : Continued Chinese muscle-flexing
• Rise of Covid crisis in China again.
• North-south divisions within the G20

Thematic priorities of India’s G20 presidency:

• Technological transformation and digital public infrastructure
• Accelerating progress on SDGs
• Lifestyle for environment (LiFE), green development and climate finance
• Accelerated , inclusive and resilient growth
• Women-led development and multilateral institutions for the 21st century
• Finding solutions for the “3 Fs: food, fuel and fertilizer-related crisis.

What steps India can take?

• Previous summits: India can build on the decisions and mechanisms of previous summits.
• Mobilizing global solidarity for solutions to pressing problems of humanity.
• India’s multi-alignment can be leveraged to bridge systemic and ideological differences and spark a “mindset change”.
• India can drive consensus on key reforms of the UN, World Bank, IMF etc.

How can G20 help to furnish these objectives?

• G20 could adopt actionable norms and policies
• Grow data and knowledge hubs and best practices
• Launch mechanisms for financing and implementation
• Advocacy campaigns
• Impactful programmes on the ground — individually, collectively and for the benefit of the Global South.

Way Forward

• The ability to come together and agree on key reforms and means of implementation in the economic, financial and political order could make the difference between the world hurtling into calamity or making exponential progress towards peace, prosperity and environmental sustainability.
• India is seen as a bright spot in the global economic horizon. It can play a “lighthouse role” by regionalisation and globalising its achievements.
• India can offer proven solutions and be a transformer of the Global South: From social justice projects, digital transformation, climate and environmental activism to pandemic and disaster relief etc
• PM’s LiFE initiative: global high-level principles and the creation of an ecosystem of government and businesses covering demand, supply, policy signals and economic framework could be envisaged.
• Assessing and securing low-cost funding(public and private) for the future trajectory of climate-friendly/green development and clean energy technologies could be game changing.
• India’s robust, inclusive and interoperable digital public infrastructure model, which has driven inclusion across finance, health and education, would be of immense value if it were replicated in the Global South.
• PM seeks to drive a veritable “Jan Andolan: A people’s movement based on being “One India” as much as “One Earth, One Family, One Future”.
• Voice of the Global South Summit’ under the theme – ‘Unity of Voice, Unity of Purpose: It essentially envisages bringing together countries of the global south and share their perspectives and priorities on a common platform across a whole range of issues,”

QUESTION FOR PRACTICE

Q. The long sustained image of India as a leader of the oppressed and marginalized nations has disappeared on account of its new found role in the emerging global order.’ Elaborate(UPSC 2019) (200 WORDS, 10 MARKS)

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G20 : Economic Cooperation ahead

India’s g20 presidency: embracing inclusivity, ambition, and action.

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: India's G20 Presidency and new initiatives

Mains level: India's G20 Presidency, commitment for global good and inclusive approach

Central Idea

• India’s G20 presidency, characterized by the keywords “inclusive, ambitious, and action-oriented,” has made substantial progress in delivering on its promise of inclusivity. By prioritizing the basic necessities of life for every citizen, India has exhibited a strong commitment to social security support and people-centric development.

Inclusive Development Initiatives during India’s G20 presidency

• Digital Public Infrastructure: India’s robust digital infrastructure has played a crucial role in delivering the benefits of development directly to citizens across the country. This transparent and corruption-free system has ensured that developmental programs reach every corner of the nation, bridging the digital divide and empowering citizens.
• Access to Basic Necessities: The government has prioritized providing every citizen with access to basic necessities. For example, around 110 million rural households have been provided with access to clean drinking water at their homes. Additionally, more than 110 million sanitation facilities have been constructed across the country, improving public health and hygiene.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: This flagship financial inclusion program has been instrumental in providing banking services to previously unbanked sections of society. With a focus on women-led development, the scheme has witnessed significant participation, with 56% of Jan Dhan account holders being women, especially in rural and semi-urban areas.
• Women-Led Development : Recognizing the pivotal role of women in driving development, India’s G20 presidency has prioritized women’s empowerment. Policies and initiatives have been designed to foster gender equality, enhance women’s participation in various sectors, and promote their overall well-being.

How India’s Foreign Policy consistently prioritized working for the global public good?

• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief: India has a long-standing tradition of providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to countries in need. In times of crises India has extended its support by offering medical aid and supplies. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, India provided essential medical supplies to over 190 countries and shared vaccines through the Vaccine Maitri program with more than 150 countries.
• Development Cooperation: Through programs such as the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) and the Indian Development and Economic Assistance Scheme (IDEAS), India has offered capacity building, technical assistance, and development projects in various sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
• Multilateral Engagements: India actively collaborates with other nations to find collective solutions to issues like climate change, sustainable development, peacekeeping, and poverty eradication. India’s engagement in forums such as the United Nations, G20, BRICS, and regional organizations like SAARC and ASEAN reflects its commitment to multilateralism and working towards common goals.
• Peacekeeping Operations: India has consistently been one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions. Indian peacekeepers have played a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability in conflict-affected regions around the world.
• South-South Cooperation: India actively engages in South-South cooperation, which involves sharing knowledge, experiences, and resources among developing countries. India has partnered with other developing nations to address common challenges, share best practices, and promote mutual growth and development.

What is Pro-Planet People’s Movement?

• Prime Minister Modi’s call for a “pro-planet people’s movement” to combat climate change epitomizes inclusivity in its true essence.
• Aligned with this year’s G20 theme of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam or One Earth, One Family, One Future, India demonstrates its holistic worldview, emphasizing collective efforts for global good.
• Derived from the ancient Sanskrit text, the Maha Upanishad, this theme underscores the interconnectedness and value of all life forms, emphasizing the planet Earth’s broader universe

Inclusivity at the Core of India’s G20 Presidency

• Geographic Representation: India has taken steps to ensure geographic inclusivity by holding G20 meetings in different locations across the country, covering all states and Union Territories.
• African Representation: India has actively invited African nations to participate in its G20 Presidency, demonstrating a commitment to inclusivity and engagement with the African continent. Countries such as South Africa, Comoros (African Union Chair), Nigeria, Egypt, and Mauritius have been invited, giving a strong voice to Africa within the G20 discussions.
• Engagement of Non-G20 Members: India has extended invitations to non-G20 member countries, regional organizations, and international organizations for specific G20 meetings. This initiative enriches the discussions by incorporating perspectives and expertise from a wider range of stakeholders. For example, Norway, known for its expertise in the blue economy, has been invited to contribute to the G20 meeting on ocean health.
• Regional and International Organizations: In line with the inclusive approach, India has invited regional and international organizations to participate in specific G20 meetings. This facilitates dialogue and collaboration with organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, IMF, and other relevant institutions.
• People-Oriented Approach: India’s G20 Presidency adopts a people-oriented approach, encouraging the active participation and engagement of citizens. Various events, including seminars, conferences, and festivals, have been designed to involve the public and make them stakeholders in India’s G20 Presidency.

Facts for prelims

• India’s G20 presidency embodies the values of inclusivity, ambition, and action. By prioritizing the most vulnerable citizens of the world, India aims to foster human-centric development. In an era of global crises, the significance of upholding the sentiment of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam has never been more crucial. India remains committed to inclusivity, ensuring the participation of all in the path to growth and prosperity.

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G20 - India' Presidency

India assumed the presidency of the G20 grouping from Indonesia, on December 1, 2022, and held the post for a year. This gave India a unique opportunity to contribute to the global agenda on pressing issues of international importance. India’s presidency of the G20 ended in Dec 2023. Brazil took over the presidency from India and will hold the 2024 G20 summit at Rio de Janeiro in December.

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Recently G20 summits started focusing not only on macro economy and trade; but also on a wide range of global issues which have an immense impact on the global economy since globalization started progressing and various issues became more intricately intertwined. Those issues included overall development, climate change and energy, health, counter-terrorism, as well as migration and refugees.

The G20 has sought to realize an inclusive and sustainable world through its contributions towards resolving these global issues.

This is an important topic for the UPSC 2024 exam .

G20 India Presidency

India’s G20 logo juxtaposes planet Earth with the lotus, India’s national flower and the theme is ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ or ‘One Earth-One Family-One Future’

• The G20 Logo draws inspiration from the vibrant colours of India’s national flag – saffron, white and green, and blue.
• The Earth reflects India’s pro-planet approach to life, one in perfect harmony with nature.
• The theme also spotlights LiFE ( Lifestyle for Environment ), with its associated, environmentally sustainable and responsible choices, both at the level of individual lifestyles as well as national development, leading to globally transformative actions resulting in a cleaner, greener and bluer future.
• For India, the G20 Presidency also marks the beginning of “Amrit Kaal”, the 25-year period beginning from the 75th anniversary of its independence on 15 August 2022, leading up to the centenary of its independence, towards a futuristic, prosperous, inclusive and developed society, distinguished by a human-centric approach at its core.

Image Source: pmindia.gov

Significance of India’s G20 Presidency : 

• G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation representing around 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population.
• The G20 Leaders’ Summit at the level of Heads of State/Government is scheduled to be held on September 9 and 10, 2023 in New Delhi.
• According to Prime Minister Modi, this term can be an opportunity for India to share its expertise with the world in areas of women empowerment, democracy and digital technologies.
• As a country with core democratic values, India can show the world that the scope of conflict can come to an end when democracy becomes a culture. This gains significance amidst the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict .
• India’s foreign policy is focusing on the ‘global common good’. Through its G20 leadership, India hopes to extend this principle towards finding sustainable solutions to some of the key global challenges emerging out of the interconnectedness of the world, such as climate change, new and emerging technologies, food and energy security, etc.
• This would be the first time when the Troika would consist of three developing countries and emerging economies.
• It is hoped that as a result there would be a shift in the balance of power within the G20 favouring emerging economies to have a greater share in decision-making at this grouping.
• The G-20 Presidency presents a great opportunity for India to correct the long-standing anomalies that go against developing countries, especially in the domain of agriculture and food subsidies.

Read more on India’s G20 Presidency in the Sansad TV Perspective discussion .

G20 Summit 2022 – Indonesian Presidency

The G20 summit, the group’s first post-pandemic summit, recently took place in Bali, Indonesia , in the backdrop of the Russia-Ukraine crisis and a missile attack on Poland. The article gives a brief overview of the G20, highlights of the Bali summit and the significance of India’s G20 presidency.

Key Takeaways From G20 Summit 2022

• Leaders also reaffirmed their ongoing commitment to fostering a robust and long-lasting recovery that advances and maintains universal health care.
• They hailed the World Bank’s creation of the “Pandemic Fund,” a new financial intermediary fund for pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.
• The World Health Organization (WHO), with assistance from other international organisations, has reaffirmed the commitment of world leaders to strengthen global health governance.
• Digital Transformation & Digital Literacy
• Leaders have acknowledged the significance of digital transformation in achieving sustainable development goals.
• They pushed for further global cooperation to boost digital literacy and skills in order to maximise the benefits of the digital transformation, particularly for women, girls and those who are vulnerable.
• Climate Change: G20 leaders decided to continue their efforts to keep the rise in global temperature to 1.5 degrees Celsius, reaffirming their commitment to the temperature goal in Paris 2015 agreement on climate change.
• Food Security: The leaders praised the Black Sea grains project and pledged to take coordinated action to solve problems concerning food security.
• Focus on the Global Economy: In a departure from last year’s focus on healing the wounds left by the Covid-19 outbreak, the G20 economies agreed in their declaration to pace interest rate rises cautiously to avoid spillovers and warned of “increasing volatility” in currency fluctuations.
• Member nations issued a statement condemning Russia’s aggression in Ukraine “in the strongest terms” and calling for an immediate and complete withdrawal. 
• They also acknowledged that although the majority of members had expressed their opposition to the war in Ukraine, “there were different opinions and differing assessments of the situation and sanctions.”
• A summit of this size will be held for the first time in the nation in New Delhi on September 9 and 10, 2023.
• According to the Indian Prime Minister, India’s G20 chairmanship theme of “One Earth, One Family, One Future” will be reflected in its inclusive, ambitious, definite, and action-oriented presidency.

Challenges For G20 Countries

• Rising Geopolitical Rifts: The global economy is having trouble coping with rising geopolitical rifts like the conflict between the world’s two largest economies, the US and China, or the drop in trade between the UK and the euro area following the Brexit vote.
• Slow Down Of Major Economies: China, one of the main drivers of global economy, is currently experiencing a severe slowdown as a result of its ongoing real estate crisis.
• Expected Recession: While some of the world’s largest economies, including the US and the UK, are expected to experience a recession, others, like countries in the euro area, are more likely to experience a slowdown or even a standstill.
• Persistent High Inflation: Consistently rising inflation, which is reaching historic highs in a number of countries, has reduced purchasing power globally, slowing down economic growth.
• Impact of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: In addition to greatly increasing geopolitical ambiguity, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has also significantly increased worldwide inflation. The associated Western sanctions have made the situation worse. Read in detail about the Russia-Ukraine Conflict in the linked article.
• Impact of Rising Inflation: Central banks around the world have hiked interest rates in response to the high inflation, which has further slowed down economic activity .

Indian Presidency in 2023

The G20 Presidency for 2023 will pass to India. India will take over the G20 Presidency on December 1st, 2022. 

• India will host nearly 200 meetings in 32 different sectors at various places all over the nation while it holds the G20 presidency. 
• G20 Theme : “Vasudhaiva Kutumba-Kam,” or “One Earth, One Family, One Future,” is the focus of India’s G20 Presidency.
• India will work to ensure that there is “just one world,” not a “first world or third world.”
• The G20 Theme embodies India’s efforts to realise its vision of uniting the entire world in pursuit of a common goal and a better future.

The importance of India holding the 2023 Summit is given below:

• India’s G20 Presidency is a special opportunity for India to contribute to the global agenda on urgent issues of global significance.
• The first step toward a new world order for the post-Covid age was to build an international agreement on reforming multilateral organisations like the UN.
• It is an opportunity to take on the role of Global South leader.
• The increasing importance of G20 in a world where issues like global warming, the COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine are pressing issues.

The purpose of establishing G20 is to create an atmosphere that supports equitable global growth and development. They bring together the most powerful economies in the world, both developed and emerging, to talk about global financial and economic stability. However, the way forward to tackle the present situation is:

• Governments must find measures to assist the vulnerable without necessarily increasing debt levels. The need to closely monitor external risks would be a major issue in this regard.
• The G20 leaders must advocate for “more open, stable, and transparent rules-based commerce” in order to alleviate the world’s supply shortages.
• Increasing the global value chains’ resilience would assist safeguard against upcoming shocks.
• Keeping the blazing inflation under control is the G-20’s top priority.
• A strong, sustained, balanced, and inclusive recovery necessitates G-20 cooperation, and this cooperation necessitates not only maintaining peace in Ukraine but also “helping prevent future division”.

The topic has a very high chance of being asked as a UPSC Prelims International Relations Question or as a Current Affairs Question as it has been in the news recently.

G20 Summit 2021 – Italian Presidency

The Italian Presidency – Italy held the Presidency of the G20 Summit 2021 since December 1st 2020. The Summit was held in Rome on October 30th and 31st 2021. 

The last G20 Summit was held on 21 and 22 November 2020 virtually (due to COVID -19 pandemic) under the presidency of Saudi Arabia. India in the g20 summit called for a ‘New Global Index’ that will be based on the following our pillars; Technology, Talent, Transparency, and Trusteeship towards the planet.

The agenda of the Italian Presidency (G20 Summit 2021) rests upon three main pillars: People, Planet, Prosperity. 

• Eradicating poverty, as mandated by the first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations . Read more on Sustainable Development Goals on the linked page.
• Tackling inequality, which has been rising over the past decades and even more during COVID times.
• Building a more inclusive global society that means protecting the most vulnerable such as young people, precarious workers, small and medium enterprises; promoting women’s empowerment; ensuring universal access to education; redistributing opportunities within countries, and decreasing disparities between regions.

Aspirants can go through the following links for detailed information –

• A firm commitment to address key issues such as climate change, land degradation, biodiversity loss and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals enshrined in Agenda 2030.
• A transition towards renewable energies and a green recovery, with a focus on modern, “smart” cities, is essential and is among the main priorities promoted by the Italian Presidency.
• The G20 will also pave the way towards the 26th Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC (COP26), a key milestone in the global fight against climate change, which will be co-hosted by Italy and the United Kingdom. Read in detail on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC on the linked page.

Check out the following links for further details –

• reducing the digital divide, promoting infrastructural developments able to guarantee universal internet access, and achieving adequate and widespread digital literacy. Read about the Digital Divide in India on the linked page.
• exploiting the full potential of the technological revolution to concretely improve the living conditions of citizens all over the world
• making health services more effective; facilitate data sharing to strengthen global pandemic preparedness and response, enhance the reach of educational activities, agile and flexible working models, a better work-life balance for both men and women; improve the efficiency of energy distribution networks, etc.

Read the information provided on the following links to prepare even better –

History of G20

When the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-1998 ended, it was acknowledged that the participation of major emerging market countries was necessary for a discussion on the international financial system. Hence, the G7 Finance ministers agree to establish the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting in 1999.

The meeting of G20 Finance ministers and the Central Bank Governors was centred on major economic and monetary policy issues amongst major countries in the global financial system. Their aim was to promote cooperation towards achieving stable and sustainable global economic growth for the benefit of all countries.

They upgraded to the head of the state level, as a forum for leaders from major developed and emerging market countries. In September 2009, the third summit was held in Pittsburgh where the leaders designated the G20 as the “premier forum for international economic cooperation.” The summit meetings were, henceforth held semiannually until 2010 and annually from 2011 onwards.

What is G20+?

The G20 developing nations, also called G21/G23/G20+ is a bloc of developing nations which was established on August 20, 2003. It is distinct from the G20 major economies.

• The G20+ originated in September 2003 at the 5th ministerial conference of the WTO held at Cancun, Mexico.
• Its origins can be traced to the Brasilia Declaration signed by the foreign ministers of India, Brazil and South Africa on 6th June 2003.
• The declaration stated that the major economies were still practising protectionist policies especially in sectors they were less competitive in and that it was important to see to it that the trade negotiations that took place provided for the reversal of those policies.
• The G20+ is responsible for 60% of the world population, 26% of the world’s agricultural exports and 70% of its farmers.

What did India do in the G20 2019 Summit?

Upcoming g20 summits.

Also, Read| India’s relations with France and its significance for UPSC Exam

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Stitching the G20 into one Union: India’s moment

India’s G20 presidency combined multi-conceptual themes into One Earth, One Family, and One Future.

India’s G20 presidency combined multi-conceptual themes into One Earth, One Family, and One Future. While One Earth reminded us that there is only one habitable planet for now, one family and one future reminded us that we must fulfil our obligations to future generations that have not seen the light of day.

India being the world’s largest democracy reminded us that multilateral forums like G20 could also be a representation of democratization and decentralization. India’s persistent call for G20 to be ambitious and action-oriented culminated in its promise from G20 Bali in November 2022 where it was promised to the African Union that it would be included as a full-time member in order to make the forum G21. Not only did it show the idea of inclusivity, but also presented a textbook case of what it means to host a forum with the intention to democratize it further. It is significant to note that in the coming decade, 3/4 th of the global growth is going to come from emerging economies, with countries like India and China shaping the world economic order. IMF predicts India’s growth projections to be around 6.8%, the highest amongst all the economies cited in its latest World Economic Outlook report. Furthermore, its current growth rate of 7.8% reflects dynamism amidst conflicts and difficult conditions facing the world economy [1] . Investments respond to the appeal. And it has. FDI inflow from August 2023 to October 2023 grew in India from US $ 2908 mn to US $ 6338 mn [2] .

India’s G20 presidency was a locked moment in history wherein the communique included no footnotes and pressing situations like the Ukraine conflict had some substantial content [3] . It is not surprising to say that the official logo of G20 represented the connotation of living in harmony with the ecosystem during the challenges. Through India’s LiFe Policy, we were also reminded that sustainability is not something to be taken for granted, and it is everyone’s responsibility to be conscious of the resources we are borrowing from the earth.

G20 meetings could have been conducted in New Delhi alone, but that would have showed a limited diversity. We were conscious of our cultures, our values, our diversity, and our celebrations. With more than 200 meetings spread over 98 cities, we rekindled our spirits by turning a forum into a people’s festival.

India has been attentive in amplifying the issues that matter the most to billions. Issues like Biofuels which seemed a technocrat’s jargon were of concern to common folks. By launching the Global Biofuel Alliance, India wanted to emphasize on development and deployment of sustainable biofuels through technical support for national programs. Sustainable biofuels require participation from forest dwellers as well, as forest and agricultural waste is something pertinent in accelerating the development of biofuels.

India’s G20 was a difficult tightrope in bringing countries of different conscience under one umbrella. Its sub-theme ‘one family’ brought the ideals of Gandhiji’s Sarvodaya into the picture. Each country was to bring to the table its vision of Vasutaiva Kutumbakam(the world is one family). While we were confident of our intention for G20, the world was encouraged to set their ambitions right. The world needed multilateralism when its entire concept was rusting with ideological poverty. India’s presidency was an opportune time for presenting the world a strong case from the global south. Not only was 2023 a moment of accolade for G20 under a Global South country, but it was also a seeding time for other countries who are taking the mantle in the upcoming years, namely Brazil and South Africa. Together, these four anchors (Indonesia in 2022, India in 2023, Brazil in 2024, and South Africa in 2025) will shape the global order which had been fragmented due to policy discords and misplaced economic support.

G20 2023 will also be recalled in the coming times for acknowledging the requirement of the developing countries by computing their Nationally Determined Contribution (NDCs) obligations to the tune of $5.9 trillion (with $4 trillion in the form of clean energy, and hence India’s thrust towards Biofuels, and $1.8 trillion in the form of blended finance, hence the idea of re-emphasizing on multilateralism through Multilateral Development Banks, or MDBs) [4] .

G20 consists of nations that are responsible for 85 per cent of the world’s GDP and it contributes to 80 per cent of global emissions. Having an explicit mention of climate finance was something that will be a policy by empiricism for Brazil in G20 2024. Further, a New Collective Quantifiable Goals (NCQG) was formed to consider the needs and urgency of developing countries to align with their Paris goals. India has been scaling up the frank dialogue needed to fast-track climate goals, and having a floor to commonly arrive at such policy options is something to be noted as a public policy objective. Not only has this opened the discourse of India being a rising power, but a strategic one as well.

Becoming the bridge builder between the much-developed north with greater bargaining power and the less developed south, India has been changing the way international relations work.

India’s view of multi-polar world order aims to minimize economic fragmentation and enhance inclusive development, with a special focus on the global south. In addition, India made sure that its G20 presidency was not a floor for pejoratives and selective exclusion of development policies. To a common person, the G20 was often thought of as a forum for world leaders to talk about policies, but India’s G20 brought a lot of new forums like ‘Voice of the Global South Summit’ for lesser developed countries to participate actively at the negotiating tables. The inception of the G20 Empower Group to further women’s leadership in the private sector was also marked with accolades under India’s presidency. A G20 group on ‘Strengthening Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)’ was also constituted to recommend, reevaluate, and bolster the objectives of MDBs which are fine-tuned to the needs of the 21 st century while respecting the vision of countries excluded before.

India understood that at this hour of the world under tempest, G20 needed fuel to pragmatically align the objectives of development that included not only the developed world but also the emerging world.  The crisis of energy, food, fuel, and economy was never about the global north itself; it was also about the needs of the global south.

India’s next G20 presidency is going to come after 20 years, nearing the time when India’s vision of a developed country by 2047 ( Viksit Bharat) aligns well with G20. India’s next G20 presidency will give more bargaining power for the global south to present its case of inclusive development.

[1] Gourinchas, P. (2024). IMF Blogs. Accessible on Global Economy Remains Resilient Despite Uneven Growth, Challenges Ahead (imf.org)

[2] DPIIT, Quarterly fact sheet on FDI Inflow. Available on https://dpiit.gov.in/sites/default/files/Fact%20Sheet%20December%202023_1.pdf

[3] G20 New Delhi Leader’s declaration, available on Microsoft Word – New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration Final Adoption (mea.gov.in)

[4] Business Standard (2023), Trillion needed to meet Paris Climate goals: G20 under India’s presidency. Accessible on https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/trillions-needed-to-meet-paris-climate-goals-g20-under-india-s-presidency-123090900898_1.html

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07 December, 2022

G20 Presidency of India as a Watershed Moment

• International Relations
• International issues
• On December 1, 2022, India will formally assume the G-20 presidency.
• India will hold the presidency until November 30th, 2023.
• According to the Prime Minister, India's theme is "One Earth, One Family, One Future."

More on the news:

• Agenda: The Prime Minister described India's G-20 agenda as "inclusive, ambitious, and action-oriented."
• Sharing India's experience : "During our G-20 presidency, we will present India's experiences, learnings, and models as possible templates for others, particularly the developing world," he added.
• The significance of the 2023 G20 Summit, which will be held in New Delhi:
• The G20 summit would be unlike any other multilateral summit that India has hosted in the past.

Meeting of the World's Largest Economies:

• None of the previous summits brought together the world's largest economies, nor did they include the entire P-5 (permanent members of the UN Security Council ).
• In that regard, the G-20 summit would be the first in Indian history.
• Depoliticization: In order to promote harmony within the human family, we will work to depoliticize the global supply of food, fertiliser , and medical products, so that geopolitical tensions do not lead to humanitarian crises.

About the G20:

• The G20 was formed in 1999 in the aftermath of the late-90s financial crisis that ravaged East Asia and Southeast Asia in particular.
• Its goal was to secure global financial stability through the participation of middle-income countries.
• According to the official G20 Website, " on the advice of the G7 Finance Ministers , the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors began holding meetings to discuss the response to the global financial crisis that occurred."
• Goals: Policy coordination among its members in order to achieve global economic stability and sustainable growth; promotion of financial regulations that reduce risks and prevent future financial crises; and creation of a new international financial system.

Members and visitors:

• Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, India, Indonesia, Italy, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and European Union are all members.
• Spain has been invited as a permanent guest as well.
• Every year, the Presidency invites guest countries to participate fully in the G20 exercise. Several international and regional organisations also take part, giving the forum a more diverse representation.
• T he G20 countries collectively account for 60% of the world's population, 80% of global GDP, and 75% of global trade.

G20 and Troika Presidency:

• The G20 presidency is rotated among members each year.
• To ensure the continuity of the G20 agenda, the country holding the presidency, along with the previous and next presidency-holders, form the 'Troika.'

What will India bring to the world during its presidency?

• Presenting Diversity : The G20 presidency is an opportunity to showcase India's diversity to the rest of the world.
• Management during pandemic : Among large democracies, India has fared the best in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic .
• The Indian public goods delivery mechanism, on a billion-plus scale, has set a new template for the rest of the world.
• India's economic management during the pandemic has been extraordinarily prudent, with foresight in decision-making.
• Independent foreign policy : India's independent foreign policy, as seen in the ongoing NATO-Russia (Ukraine) conflic t, has made the rest of the world sit up and take notice.
• The assertion of its national interests differs significantly from the "glory" days of the Non-Aligned Movement.
• Employment and the environment : The G20 can serve as a forum for exchanging experiences on societal benefits and growth as complementary goals, leading to new perspectives on employment and the environment.
• India has its own initiatives to offer the world, such as the " LiFE Movement " and " The One Sun One World One Grid ."
• India's own success models to offer the rest of the world
• From scaling up a seamless digital payment model based on public digital infrastructure (UPI) to the unique digital identity, and from the successful bottom quintile financial inclusion model to the seamless transition to green energy, India now has many models to showcase, particularly for the developing world.

Global challenges, opportunities, and the road ahead

There are currently five global challenges that the G20 can attempt to address:

• The first and most pressing issue is the open conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
• The second challenge is that food prices are rising .
• The third issue is one of energy .
• Russia is teaching the world that, while sanctions against it may have an impact on its economy in the future, these sanctions are failing in the short term.
• As rising food and energy prices cause inflation, the fourth challenge is how countries are attempting to address the issue.
• The threat of stagflation is the fifth challenge .

Opportunities :

• Hosting the G20 Presidency would also result in economic opportunities in various sectors such as tourism, hospitality, information technology, and civil aviation, to name a few.
• Energy, agriculture, trade, digital economy, health and environment would be significant sectors, as would employment, tourism, anti-corruption, and women empowerment, as well as focus areas that impact the most vulnerable and disadvantaged.

Source: The Economic Times

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• India’s G20 Presidency – Vision for a New, Inclusive World Order

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Founded in 1999, G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 nations around the world and the European Union. Formed in the wake of the Asian Financial Crisis, G20 is the leading forum for deliberation and coordination of core economic and policy issues at the global scale through dialogues, discussion, planning and implementation. It includes both developed and developing nations and these 20 countries account for 80% of the world's GDP, around 75% of the world trade, and 60% of the world's population. The group does not have a permanent secretariat and each annual meeting is supported and coordinated by the Troika - the past, the current and the incoming presidency. For the 2023 G20 summit, the Troika consists of Indonesia, India and Brazil. Up until now, the previous 17 Presidencies have delivered significant results while addressing the most pressing global issues of macro-economic stability, rationalisation of international taxation, relieving debt-burden on country, financial stability, climate mitigation and adaptation, and sustainable development. 

Following the presidency of Indonesia this year, India is all set to assume the presidency for 2023 from 1st December 2022. India will host more than 200 meetings at over 50+ locations across the country. The Finance Track will focus on key issues such as financing for infrastructure, financing for health care, financial sector policy changes, and financing for sustainable growth under the eight working groups. The Sherpa Track will focus on thirteen issues like anti-corruption, agriculture, the digital economy, and climate change and two initiatives - G20 EMPOWER (This initiative aims to empower women and accelerate their leadership in the private sector by leveraging alliances between business leaders and G20 countries) and RIIG (Research and Innovation Initiative Gathering aims to enhance and strengthen research and innovation collaboration among the G20 member countries). Finally, the eleven Engagement Groups, consisting of non-government participants from G20 member countries, will provide towards the policy recommendations.

Building on the idea propagated by India’s age-old spiritual traditions, G20 presidency will function around the principles of the universal sense of one-ness – ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future’ – based on the adage Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, meaning ‘that all of the world, universe or reality is one’. 

One Earth : heal the planet by encouraging sustainable and environment-friendly lifestyles based on Indian traditions.

One Family : promote harmony within the human family by depoliticizing pertinent supply chains of food, fertilizers, and medicines. This is done with the aim to prevent humanitarian crises due to geo-political tension.

One Future : encourage honest conversations among the most powerful nations of the world regarding core issues of climate change and mitigation of risks posed by weapons of mass destruction to enhance global security. 

This idea is drawn from the ancient Sanskrit text of the Maha Upanishad and seeks to reaffirm the value of all lifeforms - humans, animals and microorganism and their interconnectedness with each other and the planet Earth. The logo and the theme together convey a powerful message of India’s G20 Presidency which is of a just and sustainable future for all in the world. The theme further emphasises on Hon’ble PM Narendra Modi’s revolutionary vision of Lifestyle for the Environment or LiFE, which is associated with the need to make sustainable and responsible choices starting on an individual level for a greener and bluer future.

The presidency's agenda further highlights the need to work together on a global level rather than restoring to wars and fighting for survival. PM Modi highlighted in his address the greatest challenges that the world faces today - climate change, terrorism, endemics, and pandemics - and how they can be resolved not by fighting but, rather, by supporting each other. There will also a key focus on the use of technology to formulate digital solutions which can be implemented at a global level to create lasting and meaningful changes. 

India’s Presidency is all about human-centric globalisation and is expected to have large-scale impact on the intergovernmental policy formulations and discussions that will influence the New World order and set the global post-pandemic economic agenda.   

• https://www.narendramodi.in/today-india-commences-its-g20-presidency--566168
• https://www.g20.org/en/
• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-assumes-g20-presidency-what-it-means/articleshow/95553671.cms

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• India will hold the presidency till 30th November 2023 .
• India’s theme as stated by the Prime Minister is — “One Earth, One Family, One Future” .

More about the news

• The Prime Minister had described India’s agenda at the G-20 as “ inclusive, ambitious, action-oriented”.
• He added, “During our G-20 Presidency, we shall present India’s experiences, learnings and models as possible templates for others, particularly the developing world. 
• The G20 summit would be qualitatively different from any of the previous multilateral summits that India has hosted. 
• In that sense, the G-20 summit would be the first of its kind in Indian history.
• To promote harmony within the human family, we will seek to depoliticise the global supply of food, fertilisers and medical products, so that geopolitical tensions do not lead to humanitarian crises.

What can India share with the world during its Presidency?

• The G20 presidency is an opportunity to present the diversity that is India to the outside world. 
• For the world, the Indian public goods delivery mechanism, at a billion-plus scale, has set a new template. 
• The management of the economy by India during the pandemic has been extraordinarily prudent with prescient decision-making.
• The assertion of its national interest is also markedly different from the “glory” days of Non-Aligned Movement.
• G20 can act as a forum to exchange experiences on societal benefits and growth as complementary goals would lead to fresh thinking on employment and environment.
• India has its own initiatives like “LiFE Movement” & “The One Sun One World One Grid” to offer to the world.
• From scaling up of a seamless digital payment model built on the public digital infrastructure (UPI) to the unique digital identity , and from the successful financial inclusion model of the bottom quintile to the seamless transition to green energy , India now has many models to showcase, particularly for the developing world.

Global challenges, opportunities & way ahead

• First and the most pressing is the in-your-face Russia–Ukraine conflict .
• The second challenge is of rising prices , particularly of food .
• Russia is teaching the world that while sanctions against it could impact its economy in the future, in the short term, these sanctions are failing. 
• As rising food and energy prices lead to inflation, the fourth challenge is the manner in which countries are attempting to fix the problem . 
• The fifth challenge is the threat of stagflation .
• The sectors of significant importance would be ranging from energy, agriculture, trade, digital economy, health and environment to employment, tourism, anti-corruption and women empowerment , including in focus areas that impact the most vulnerable and disadvantaged . 

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About G20 Summit 2023

The 18th G20 Summit is the high point of a year filled with G20 activities. The G20 Summit 2023 is being held in Delhi, India from September 9 and September 10, 2023.

Who are G20 Members?

When did india join the g20, what is the theme of the 2023 g20 summit delhi, which country will host the g20 presidency in 2024, 200 words essay on g20 summit 2023.

The G20 Summit stands as a pivotal international gathering where the leaders and central bank governors from 20 of the world's most influential economies come together to deliberate on matters of global economic significance. Established in 1999, this summit was conceived to facilitate discussions surrounding policy issues concerning international economic cooperation and development.

The G20 member nations collectively wield tremendous economic power, representing a staggering 85% of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a majority of the global population. These member countries include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Russia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

For India, the 2023 G20 is of paramount importance. It serves as a platform through which the nation can engage with the world's foremost economic players, advocating for its economic interests and addressing pressing global concerns. India, with its rapidly growing economy and substantial population, seeks to leverage this forum to not only safeguard its own interests but also to contribute to the resolution of critical global challenges, such as climate change, trade, and economic stability.

Importance of the G20 Summit

Together, the G20 members account for approximately 85% of the world's total economic output (GDP), more than 75% of worldwide trade, and nearly two-thirds of the global population, making it a vital forum for international economic cooperation. The G20 Summit is important as it serves as a platform for the leaders of the world's largest economies to collaborate on pressing global matters. 

At the G20 Summit, leaders exchange ideas, deliberate on policy solutions, and coordinate efforts to tackle various global challenges, encompassing economic issues like recessions, trade, and investments, as well as social concerns like poverty, inequality, and climate change.

Importance of India’s G20 Summit Presidency 2023

G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation representing around 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population.

During the course of its G20 Presidency, India will host about 200 meetings in 32 different sectors in multiple locations across India.

• According to Prime Minister Modi, this term can be an opportunity for India to share its expertise with the world in areas of women empowerment, democracy and digital technologies.
• As a country with core democratic values, India can show the world that the scope of conflict can come to an end when democracy becomes a culture. This gains significance amidst the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict.
• India’s foreign policy is focusing on the ‘global common good’. Through its G20 leadership, India hopes to extend this principle towards finding sustainable solutions to some of the key global challenges emerging out of the interconnectedness of the world, such as climate change, new and emerging technologies, food and energy security, etc.
• This would be the first time when the Troika would consist of three developing countries and emerging economies.
• It is hoped that as a result there would be a shift in the balance of power within the G20 favouring emerging economies to have a greater share in decision-making at this grouping.
• The G-20 Presidency presents a great opportunity for India to correct the long-standing anomalies that go against developing countries, especially in the domain of agriculture and food subsidies.

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Essay on G20 Summit in 100, 200, 300, 500 Words

Essay on g20 summit.

The essay on the G20 Summit is written in simple English and easy words for children and students. English essay on G20 Summit tells about G20 when it was established, and why it is special for us. Students are often asked to write essays on the G20 Summit in their schools and colleges. If you are also looking for the same, then we have given an essay on the G20 Summit in 100 – words, 200 – words, 300 – words, and 500 – words.

The G20 Summit 2023 was held in New Delhi, India. All countrymen and students should understand how important it is for our nation. Below we have given various essays on the G20 Summit, knowing which will increase your knowledge.

Short & Long Essay on G20 Summit

Essay – 100 words.

The G20 summit is an annual gathering of leaders of the European Union and the world’s 19 largest economies. The G20 was established in 1999 and serves as an important forum for global economic cooperation and shaping. During the G20 summit, the main leaders of all the countries discussed various issues including trade, economic growth, geopolitical stability, and climate change. These important forums have a significant impact on global economic and political development.

Ministers and important officials participate in the activities of the summit. When this summit ends, all the leaders of the G20 countries issue a statement to show that they are all committed to the important topics that they talked about and agreed upon during their meetings throughout the year.

Essay – 200 Words

G20 is an international forum also known as The Group of Twenty and many countries participate in it. The G20 summit discusses key points regarding the financial and economic agenda around the world. Also, one of the main objectives of this conference is to bring together all the economies that are emerging along with the advanced economies of the world.

This G20 summit i.e. Group of Twenty was established in the year 1999. This was done in the wake of the Asian financial crisis. G20 is basically an important forum that is attended by the Ministers or Finance Ministers of many countries. Hence the country participates in the G20 summit to discuss financial and economic issues.

This conference is organized every year under the leadership of the President and every year it is represented by different countries. Earlier G20 included 19 countries but by 2023 this group has 21 members and its member countries are as follows: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, and Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and the African Union. When it comes to GDP, 85% of world GDP is represented by G20 members and more than 75% of global trade is done by G20 members.

Essay – 300 Words

The G20 Summit is an important international gathering where central bank governors and leaders of the world’s 20 most influential economies come together to discuss matters of global economic importance. It was established in 1999. The G20 summit was conceived to facilitate discussion on policy issues related to development and international economic cooperation.

G20 member states collectively have significant economic power, representing the majority of the global population and 85% of the world’s gross domestic product (GDP).

Any country with a rapidly growing economy, and substantial population, and to protect its interests can also take advantage of this platform to address global challenges like trade, climate change, and economic stability.

Thus, this summit is not just a gathering of nations, but a gathering of economic giants that aims to promote cooperation on the scale of global economic influence.

G20 Members

Earlier G20 included 19 countries but by 2023 this group has 21 members: its member countries are as follows: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and the African Union.

Importance of G20 Summit

In this G20 summit, top leaders of all the countries exchange views and deliberate on policy solutions. Additionally, efforts to address various global challenges are discussed, including economic issues such as trade, recession, and investment, as well as social concerns such as inequality, poverty, and climate change.

The G20 summit is important because G20 members account for approximately 85% of the world’s gross economic output (GDP) and more than 75% of worldwide trade, as well as approximately two-thirds of the global population, making the G20 the center of international economic cooperation. Creates an important platform for.

Essay – 500 Words

Introduction

The G20 or Group of Twenty is a major forum for international cooperation that deliberates on the most important aspects of the international economic and financial agenda. These are the major advanced and emerging economies of the world which include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK. And the USA is included. These countries together represent approximately 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two-thirds of the world’s population.

Objectives of G20

a) Promote financial regulations that reduce risks and prevent future financial crises.

b) To establish policy consistency, coordination, and sustainable development among its members to achieve global economic goals.

c) And building a new international financial architecture.

Origin and Development

The G20 was formed in response to a number of financial challenges. In the 1990s, some of the emerging economies were not adequately represented in the global economic discussion. So in December 1999, finance ministers and central bank governors of emerging countries of systemic importance met for the first time in Berlin, Germany, and held an informal dialogue on key issues for global economic stability. Since then, central bank governors and finance ministers have met annually.

Organizational Structure of G20

The formation operates without a permanent secretariat or staff, with its chair rotating annually. Their chairperson is elected from among the members and from a different regional group of countries. Their Chairman is part of a three-member management group that rotates past, present, and future.

G20 Leaders Summit

The first G20 summit was hosted by the US. The President developed a coordinated response in Washington in November 2008. In the first summit, all the leaders discussed the causes of the global economic and financial crisis and agreed to implement an action plan around it which had three main objectives, namely, (1) restoring global growth (2) international financial system strengthening and (3) reform of international financial institutions.

India and G-20

India’s participation in the G20 as a leader stems from the realization that developing economies have a significant stake in the stability of the international economy and financial system. India has been actively involved in the G20 process at both the Sherpa track and the financial track since its inception with the Prime Minister participating in all and has endeavored to ensure that the global community remains focused on the need and need to ensure an adequate flow of finance to emerging economies to meet their development. India has welcomed the inclusion of development as part of the G20 process.

The G20 or Group of Twenty, being a major forum for international cooperation, deliberates on the most important aspects of the international economic and financial agenda with the main objectives of restoring global growth, strengthening the international financial system, and reforming international financial institutions.

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India’s G20 Presidency in 2023, Logo, Vision, Significance

India holds the Presidency of the G20 from December 1, 2022 to November 30, 2023. Check here all about India's G20 Presidency in 2023, Logo, Vision, Significance.

Table of Contents

G20 India Presidency: December 1 st , 2022 is a momentous day as India assumed the presidency of the G20 forum, taking over from Indonesia. As the largest democracy in the world and the fastest-growing economy, India’s G20 presidency will play a crucial role in building upon the significant achievements of the previous 17 presidencies. Check here all about the G20 Summit 2023 in detail here.

Read about: G7 Countries

India G20 Presidency

The theme of the G20 is “One Earth-One Family-One Future,” and the planet Earth is paired with the lotus, India’s national flower, in the country’s logo. The brilliant hues of the national flag of India—saffron, white, green, and blue—serve as the basis for the G20 Logo. India’s pro-planet lifestyle, which is completely in sync with nature, is reflected in the Earth.

The theme also emphasizes LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), which is associated with environmentally sound and responsible decisions made at the level of both individual lifestyles and national development, leading to globally transformative actions that produce a cleaner, greener, and bluer future.

For India, the G20 Presidency also marks the beginning of “Amrit Kaal”, the 25-year period beginning from the 75th anniversary of its independence on 15 August 2022, leading up to the centenary of its independence, towards a futuristic, prosperous, inclusive and developed society, distinguished by a human-centric approach at its core.

India G20 Presidency Theme

• Principle : India’s G20 Presidency will function around the principles of the universal sense of one-ness –based on the adage Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, meaning ‘that all of the world, universe or reality is one’. It is drawn from the ancient Sanskrit text of the Maha Upanishad.
• India’s G20 Presidency Theme : ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future’. One Earth: Heal the planet by encouraging sustainable and environment-friendly lifestyles based on Indian traditions.
• One Family : Promote harmony within the human family by depoliticizing pertinent supply chains of food, fertilizers, and medicines. This is done with the aim to prevent humanitarian crises due to geo-political tension
• One Future : Encourage honest conversations among the most powerful nations of the world regarding core issues of climate change and mitigation of risks posed by weapons of mass destruction to enhance global security. Theme affirms the value of all life – human, animal, plant, and microorganisms – and their inter-connectedness on the planet Earth and in the wider universe.
• Focus : India’s Presidency is about human-centric globalisation and is expected to have a large-scale impact on the intergovernmental policy formulations and discussions that will influence the New World order and set the global post-pandemic economic agenda.

G20 Presidency Logo

The G20 Logo draws inspiration from the vibrant colours of India’s national flag – saffron, white and green, and blue. It juxtaposes planet Earth with the lotus, India’s national flower that reflects growth amid challenges.

Various Groups under G20 India Presidency

Task Force on Reformed Multilateralism : It will seek to create a roadmap for “Multilateralism 2.0”. A targeted reform agenda for key multilateral institutions, whether the United Nations or its affiliated frameworks such as the WHO , WTO and the ILO , must be undertaken. Leaders’ Declaration adopted at Bali at the Summit, acknowledges the importance of upholding international law to preserve peace and stability.

Task force on Digital Futures : It will endeavour to build an inclusive digital public infrastructure to ensure affordability and safe access by all. Finance Track will focus on key issues such as financing for infrastructure, financing for health care, financial sector policy changes, and financing for sustainable growth under the eight working groups. The Sherpa Track will focus on thirteen issues anti-corruption, agriculture, the digital economy, and climate change.

• G20 EMPOWER : This initiative aims to empower women and accelerate their leadership in the private sector by leveraging alliances between business leaders and G20 countries.
• RIIG (Research and Innovation Initiative Gathering) aims to enhance and strengthen research and innovation collaboration among the G20 member countries.
• Eleven Engagement Groups , consisting of non-government participants from G20 member countries, will provide the policy recommendations.

Significance of India’s G20 Presidency

The G20 is the top platform for worldwide economic cooperation, with members representing about 75% of global trade, 85% of the global GDP , and around two-thirds of the world’s population. India will host over 200 meetings during its G20 Presidency in several cities all over the country in 32 different industries. On September 9 and 10, 2023, the G20 Leaders’ Summit will be held in New Delhi at the level of Heads of State/Government.

According to Prime Minister Modi, India may have the chance to showcase its knowledge of women’s empowerment, democracy, and digital technology during this term. India can demonstrate to the rest of the world that when democracy becomes ingrained in a society, the scope of conflict may be reduced. Given the ongoing confrontation between Russia and Ukraine, this is more significant.

India’s foreign policy prioritises the “common good of the world.” India intends to expand this approach through its G20 leadership in order to find long-term answers to some of the major global issues that result from the interconnection of the world, including climate change, new and developing technologies, food and energy security, etc. The G20 Troika would consist of India, Indonesia, and Brazil during India’s Presidency.

For the first time, the Troika would be made up of three emerging economies and developing nations. It is envisaged that this will lead to a change in the G20’s power dynamics, benefiting emerging nations and giving them a bigger say in how decisions are made by this organization. India has a fantastic chance during its G-20 Presidency to address persistent issues that disadvantage developing nations, particularly in the area of agricultural and food subsidies.

Indian Presidency in 2023

India will hold the 2023 G20 Presidency. On December 1st, 2022, India will take up the G20 Presidency. While it holds the G20 presidency, India will host close to 200 meetings in 32 different industries at various locations around the country.

G20 Theme : “Vasudhaiva Kutumba-Kam,” or “One Earth, One Family, One Future,” is the focus of India’s G20 Presidency. India will work to ensure that there is “just one world,” not a “first world or third world.” The G20 Theme embodies India’s efforts to realise its vision of uniting the entire world in pursuit of a common goal and a better future.

Importance of India holding the G20 2023 Summit

India has a unique chance to contribute to the global agenda on important issues of global importance during its G20 Presidency. Constructing a global consensus on UN reform was the first step towards creating a new international order for the post-Covid era. It is a chance to assume the position of leader of the Global South. the G20’s growing significance in a world where urgent challenges like climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the conflict in Ukraine exist.

Prime Minister’s Vision for India’s G20 Presidency

Digital Public Infrastructure: India’s strong digital infrastructure has been essential in bringing development advantages to its people all over the nation. This open and free-of-corruption approach has made sure that national development initiatives reach every region, closing the digital divide and empowering people.

Access to Basic Necessities:  Access to basic basics for all citizens has been a government priority. For instance, clean drinking water is now available in the homes of almost 110 million rural households. Additionally, the construction of more than 110 million sanitary facilities nationwide has improved public health and hygiene.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana:  With the help of this flagship initiative for financial inclusion, hitherto unbanked segments of society are now able to access banking services. The programme has seen tremendous participation, with 56% of Jan Dhan account users being women, notably in rural and semi-urban regions, with a focus on women-led development.

Women-Led Development : India’s G20 presidency has placed a high priority on women’s empowerment in recognition of the crucial role that women play in advancing development. To advance gender equality, increase women’s participation in a variety of fields, and advance their general well-being, policies and initiatives have been developed.

India’s G20 Presidency and Emergence of New World Order

India’s G20 Presidency is hailed globally as an exceptional opportunity, characterized by immense potential and a distinctive vision encapsulated in the motto “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,” meaning “the world is one family.” This year-long journey provides a chance to steer international coordination toward economic stability and prosperity, aligning with the overarching G20 goal.

India’s leadership embraces the G20’s evolution from addressing macroeconomic issues to embracing pluralism and contextual relevance, particularly through the Sherpa track, which covers various developmental issues, including digital economy, environment, education, and employment.

The Presidency’s priorities reflect India’s commitment to inclusive growth and development, encompassing Green Development, Climate Finance, Resilient Growth, Technological Transformation, Multilateral Institutions reform, and Women-led Development. These priorities align with India’s rich history of diversity and collectivism, aiming to create a world characterized by peace, equitable development, and social welfare.

India’s role extends beyond its borders, advocating for the Global South’s emergence, promoting South-South cooperation, and seeking a democratic world order. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s commitment to peace positions India as a global peacemaker, notably in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.

Moreover, India’s G20 Presidency comes at a critical juncture as the world recovers from the pandemic’s impact, faces inflation, and grapples with supply chain disruptions. India’s leadership is seen as a beacon of hope, embodying the mission of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – collective prosperity and global harmony.

The troika of India, Indonesia, and Brazil, all from the Global South, offers a unique opportunity to address the development concerns of their regions. As India welcomes the world’s top economies and leaders, it strives to establish a new world order grounded in global justice, social welfare, and world harmony. This G20 Presidency, with its compelling vision, marks a pivotal moment in India’s diplomatic history and global leadership.

G20 Presidency in 2024

The 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit, is the upcoming nineteenth meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20), a summit scheduled to take place in Rio de Janeiro in 2024. Brazil will host the G20 in 2024, followed by South Africa in 2025.

G20 India Presidency UPSC

The G20 is an important topic for the UPSC Exam. The G20 is a non-official forum for the leaders of 20 significant economies. It was started in 1999 with the goal of encouraging collaboration on world economic concerns. India will have the chance to significantly impact the world in 2023 when it has the G20 presidency.

There have been several advances in world events, and these new developments have had a big impact on India’s foreign policy. The G20 group is covered in the GS Paper 2 Syllabus’ International Relations chapter.

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India’s G20 Presidency FAQs

Who is the current president of g20.

Modi will hand over the baton of the G20 Presidency to Brazilian President Lula on September 10. Brazil will formally assume the G20 Presidency on December 1 The G20 member countries represent around 85 per cent of the global GDP, over 75 per cent of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population.

What is special about India's G20 presidency?

So, India's presidency of the G20 forum that represents 85 per cent of global GDP and 75 per cent of international trade is hugely important as it comes at an inflection point.

Who is the new president of G20 2023?

India holds the Presidency of the G20 from 1 December 2022 to 30 November 2023.

Who is the current president of G20 2023?

India holds the Presidency from December 1, 2022 to November 30, 2023. After India, Brazil will take over the G20 presidency in 2024, followed by South Africa in 2025.

What is the motto of India G20 presidency?

The theme of India's G20 Presidency - “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One Earth. One Family. One Future” - is drawn from the ancient Sanskrit text of the Maha Upanishad.

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