essay on nalanda university 250 words

Nalanda University History, Library, Destruction and Reconstruction

Nalanda, an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar, India, holds a remarkable history spanning from 427 to 1197 AD.

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Nalanda, an illustrious institution of ancient India, stands as a historic epicenter of advanced education located in Bihar, India. Established in AD 427 in the northeastern part of India, near the present-day southern border of Nepal, this renowned university continued its educational legacy until AD 1197. While its primary focus lay in the realm of Buddhist studies, it also offered a wide spectrum of education, encompassing fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics, and military strategy. This article serves as a comprehensive exploration of Nalanda University.

History of Nalanda University

Nalanda, an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar, India, holds a remarkable history spanning from 427 to 1197 AD. Founded in the 5th century AD, this prestigious institution, situated in northeastern India not far from the current southern border of Nepal, stood as a beacon of knowledge and wisdom.

Initially dedicated to Buddhist studies, Nalanda University evolved over time to encompass a diverse curriculum, including fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics, and the art of warfare. Its sprawling campus featured eight separate compounds, ten temples, meditation halls, classrooms, serene lakes, and lush parks.

Who Built Nalanda University?

Nalanda University was founded during the reign of the Gupta dynasty by Kumaragupta I, often referred to as Kumaragupta I (also known as Kumaragupta the Great). Kumaragupta I was a notable Gupta emperor who ruled during the 5th century CE. He is credited with the establishment of Nalanda University in Bihar, India, around the early 5th century AD. Kumaragupta I’s patronage and support played a crucial role in the foundation and development of this prestigious institution. However, it was under the patronage of his successors, particularly King Harsha, that Nalanda flourished and reached its zenith. The university received generous grants and support from various rulers, which contributed to its growth and reputation.

Why Nalanda University is Famous?

Nalanda University gained fame not only for its sheer size but also for its commitment to academic excellence. It boasted a vast library, known as the “Dharma Gunj,” which housed countless scrolls, manuscripts, and texts from different parts of the world. This library was a treasure trove of knowledge and played a pivotal role in the dissemination of wisdom across borders.

Moreover, Nalanda was home to renowned scholars such as Nagarjuna, Aryadeva, and Dharmapala, whose contributions to Buddhism and other fields of study are still revered today. The university’s intellectual and cultural exchange between scholars of different backgrounds enriched its academic environment.

Attacks on Nalanda University

Nalanda University, a symbol of ancient Indian knowledge and scholarship, faced two notable attacks during its history.

The first attack occurred between 455 and 470 AD when the Hunas, a Central Asian tribal group, invaded Nalanda during the reign of Emperor Samudragupta of the Gupta Empire. The motive behind this attack was primarily plunder, as the Hunas sought to loot the university’s valuable resources. Although the damage was not severe, Skanda Gupta, another Gupta Emperor, re-established the university, and during his reign, the renowned Nalanda library was founded.
The second attack transpired in the early 7th century when Goudas Rajvansh, the emperor of Bengal, targeted Nalanda due to political tensions with Emperor Harshavardhana of Kannauj. The attack was motivated by political rivalry, leading to some destruction. However, Harshavardhana’s efforts led to the university’s restoration, enabling Nalanda to continue its mission of global knowledge dissemination. These incidents, while disruptive, underscore Nalanda’s enduring legacy as a center of learning.

Ancient Nalanda University’s Destruction

In 1193 AD, Nalanda University suffered a devastating attack by Bakhtiyar Khilji, a general serving under Qutubuddin Aibak. Unlike previous attacks on the university, this invasion was particularly fatal, and it marked the end of Nalanda’s prominence as a center of learning.

The motivation behind Bakhtiyar Khilji’s assault on Nalanda was not political but rather personal. It is recounted that Khilji was in poor health and had sought medical help from various practitioners without success. Desperate for a cure, he turned to Rahul Sri Bhadra, the principal of Nalanda University at the time, who successfully treated him. However, Khilji’s sense of insecurity grew as he felt threatened by the knowledge possessed by Indian scholars, particularly in the field of Ayurveda. In an attempt to eliminate this perceived threat, he decided to destroy Nalanda University.

The destruction wrought by Bakhtiyar Khilji’s attack was catastrophic. His primary target was the university’s library, which housed an astonishing collection of approximately 90 lakh (9 million) books and manuscripts. He set fire to the library, and historians estimate that it took three months to burn down this repository of knowledge completely. In addition to the destruction of the library, Bakhtiyar Khilji mercilessly killed the monks and scholars residing within the university. His intent was to prevent the transmission of knowledge from one generation of scholars to the next.

The devastation inflicted upon Nalanda University during this attack was so profound that it marked the end of an era. Subsequent rulers were unable to restore the institution to its former glory, and the flow of knowledge from Nalanda came to a tragic and irreversible halt. This tragic event remains a poignant reminder of the fragility of human knowledge and the consequences of cultural and intellectual destruction.

Nalanda University Library

The library of the ancient Nalanda University is referred to as Dharmaganja (also written as Dharma Gunj) by traditional Tibetan sources, and loosely translates to “Treasury of Truth.”This grand edifice had the remarkable capacity to house an astounding 90 lakh (9 million) books and manuscripts. Such was its vastness that during the devastating invasion led by Bakhtiyar Khilji, it tragically took three long months for this immense repository of knowledge to be completely consumed by flames. The loss of Dharma Gunj and its invaluable collection remains a somber testament to the destruction of an irreplaceable treasure trove of ancient wisdom and scholarship.

Nalanda University Reconstruction

The reconstruction of Nalanda University in the modern era is a remarkable and ambitious endeavor aimed at reviving the legacy of this ancient center of learning. Here is an overview of the reconstruction of Nalanda University:

Idea and Inception: The idea of reviving Nalanda University was first mooted by the former President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, in 2006 during his address to the Bihar State Legislative Assembly. Simultaneously, the Singapore government proposed the “Nalanda Proposal” to the Indian government, suggesting the re-establishment of Nalanda as a prominent educational institution.
Government Initiatives: The Government of India, along with the State Government of Bihar, played a pivotal role in the reconstruction of Nalanda University. A suitable location for the new university campus was identified, comprising 450 acres of land at the base of the scenic Rajgir Hills in Bihar.
International Support: Recognizing the historical significance of Nalanda and its potential as a modern center of learning, leaders from sixteen member states of the East Asia Summit (EAS) endorsed the proposal to re-establish Nalanda University. This international support underscored the importance of this initiative on a global scale.
Nalanda University Act: The project took a significant step forward when the Nalanda University Act 2010 was passed in both houses of the Indian Parliament. This act provided the legal framework for the establishment and functioning of the new Nalanda University.
Inauguration and Enrollment : In September 2014, Nalanda University opened its doors for the first batch of students, marking a historic moment after a gap of nearly eight centuries. The new university focused on interdisciplinary studies and global collaboration, embodying the spirit of its ancient predecessor.
Contemporary Focus : The revived Nalanda University aims to carry forward the essence of the original institution by fostering an environment of diverse learning, research, and international cooperation. It focuses on a wide range of academic disciplines and encourages scholars and students from across the world to engage in collaborative knowledge creation.
Recognition: Nalanda University has been recognized as an “Institute of National Importance” by the Government of India, highlighting its critical role in modern education and research.

The reconstruction of Nalanda University serves as a testament to the enduring value of education and the preservation of intellectual heritage. It strives to recapture the spirit of ancient Nalanda while adapting to the needs and challenges of the contemporary world, making it a symbol of India’s commitment to education and global collaboration.

Nalanda University’s current status

Nalanda University (NU) presently operates from its temporary campus located in Rajgir, Bihar. Additionally, the university utilizes the Rajgir International Convention Centre, an impressive facility equipped with diverse auditoriums, seminar rooms, an art gallery, a cinema theater, and a cafeteria.

Nalanda University’s legacy

Nalanda University’s legacy is a testament to intellectual excellence, interdisciplinary learning, and global outreach. Established in the 5th century AD, it attracted scholars and students from across the world, fostering cultural exchange and knowledge dissemination. The university’s legendary library, the “Dharma Gunj,” symbolized the importance of preserving and sharing knowledge. Despite facing adversity, Nalanda demonstrated resilience and continued its mission of education. Its revival in the modern era underscores the enduring legacy of this ancient institution. Nalanda’s influence inspires scholars and institutions worldwide, serving as a symbol of human curiosity and the pursuit of enlightenment.

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Nalanda University FAQs

Who established nalanda university.

Kumargupta founded Nalanda University in the 5th century A.D. He was also called Shakraditya.

What was the name of the library at Nalanda?

The library of the ancient Nalanda University is referred to as Dharmaganja (also written as Dharma Gunj).

Who destroyed Nalanda University?

In the 1190s the university was destroyed by a marauding troop of invaders led by Turko-Afghan military general Bakhtiyar Khilji.

Why the Nalanda University was so famous?

Nalanda's main importance comes from its Buddhist roots as a center of learning.

When was Nalanda University rebuilt?

The university came into existence on 25 November 2010, when the Nalanda University Act 2010 was implemented.

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Nalanda University, Nalanda: Unveiling the Architectural Marvel of Ancient Learning

Nalanda University, Nalanda – Archeological sites around India

Nestled in the serene landscapes of Nalanda, the ancient Nalanda University stands as a testament to the architectural and intellectual prowess of ancient India. This architectural marvel, with its roots dating back to the 5th century, continues to captivate the minds of historians, architects, and tourists alike. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the intricate details of Nalanda University, unraveling its architecture, archeology, and the allure it holds for modern-day travelers.

Architectural Splendor: A Glimpse into the Past

The architectural grandeur of Nalanda University is a fascinating journey into the ancient world of knowledge and enlightenment. Designed with meticulous precision, the university complex spans over 14 hectares and features a central axis aligned with the cardinal points. The layout reflects a systematic approach to planning, emphasizing the importance of symmetry and spatial organization.

Archaeological Insights: Unearthing the Past

Archaeological excavations have unearthed the remains of monasteries, classrooms, and living quarters, offering a glimpse into the daily life of scholars and monks who once roamed these hallowed grounds. The meticulous layout suggests an advanced understanding of architectural planning, with separate residential quarters, lecture halls, and meditation spaces.

Planning and Layout: An Intricate Tapestry of Knowledge

The planning of Nalanda University reflects a profound commitment to fostering an environment conducive to intellectual pursuits. The university comprises multiple complexes, each dedicated to a specific discipline of study. Lecture halls, libraries, and meditation spaces are strategically placed, fostering an atmosphere of scholarly exchange and contemplation.

Interior Design: Where Wisdom Resided

The interiors of Nalanda University, though largely lost to the ravages of time, are believed to have been adorned with intricate artwork and inscriptions. The living quarters of scholars featured austere yet functional designs, emphasizing simplicity and functionality over ostentation.

Urban Design: A City of Learning

Nalanda was not merely a university; it was a city dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge. The urban design incorporated open spaces, courtyards, and water features, creating a harmonious environment for intellectual exploration. The layout, with its careful consideration of natural elements, mirrors the ancient Indian philosophy of living in harmony with nature.

Facade Elegance: Architectural Aesthetics in Stone

The facade of Nalanda University, crafted from locally sourced materials, showcases the architectural finesse of the era. Intricately carved motifs, depicting scenes from daily life and religious iconography, adorned the exteriors. The use of local materials not only reflects sustainable architectural practices but also emphasizes a deep connection to the surrounding landscape.

Architectural Visionaries: Crafting a Legacy

Attributed to the Gupta and Pala dynasties, the architects behind Nalanda University remain anonymous, shrouded in the mists of history. However, their legacy endures through the enduring structures that have withstood the test of time. The architecture, characterized by a blend of Gupta and Pala styles, showcases a mastery of both form and function.

Attractions for Modern-day Travelers: A Journey Through Time

Today, Nalanda University stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, drawing tourists from around the globe. The site offers a captivating journey through the annals of history, with its well-preserved ruins and the palpable aura of ancient wisdom. Visitors can explore the excavated structures, marvel at the architectural details, and immerse themselves in the echoes of a bygone era.

Preserving the Legacy: Calls to Action

Preserving the architectural and archaeological heritage of Nalanda University is a shared responsibility. Advocacy for continued research, conservation efforts, and responsible tourism is essential to ensure that future generations can continue to marvel at this beacon of ancient knowledge.

In conclusion, Nalanda University stands as a testament to the intellectual and architectural prowess of ancient India. Its meticulous planning, elegant design, and enduring legacy make it a treasure trove for architects, archaeologists, and tourists seeking to unravel the mysteries of the past. As we navigate the corridors of Nalanda, we not only connect with history but also embrace the responsibility of preserving this architectural gem for generations to come.

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Nalanda: powerful then, powerful now.

2023, Buddhadharma Magazine, Spring 2023, 12-23.

This essay provides a popular account of the historical and religious significance of Nālandā university.

Related Papers

Agnik Bhattacharya

Dr. Pintu Kumar

This article has been published in 2010 by the Icfai University Journal of History and Culture. It talks about the cultural/everyday life of ancient Nalanda University, the oldest, largest organised Buddhist educational institution of the pre-modern India. It shows that there was a close relationship between the study and the veneration.

The Journal of the World Universities Forum

Śrī Nālandā Mahāvihāra was a symbol of monastic, organized and institutional learning in ancient India. It provided instruction to all in Buddhist religion and philosophy. Nationalist historians claimed that Nālandā's curriculum incorporated both religious and secular subjects and Medicine was one of the popular courses here. The present research critically examines this popular conception and investigates how popular was studied medicine at Nālandā. It seems that studies in medicine at Nālandā was not serious about religion and philosophy and concentrated on minor health problems of its monks and residents. The disciplined and simple life of residents keep them healthy and the medical studies did not play that much important role in the life of the campus.

Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies

Kashshaf Ghani

Nalanda University has been established with a vision of being a foremost international institution in India. It begun its academic activities from 2014. The University is posed to be a unique meeting ground for various branches of knowledge from across the globe. The article is an attempt at highlighting some of the primary ideas keeping which in mind the University was conceived, and which the academic community in Nalanda University is committed to pursuing as part of its teaching-learning programme.

Soraj Hongladarom

During its heyday from the fifth to the twelfth centuries C.E., Nalanda Monastery was one of the largest and most advanced knowledge producing and transmitting institutions in the world. Tens of thousands of monks came from many parts of India as well as various parts of Asia to study there. The monastery complex taught not only the teachings of the Buddha, but also subjects such as astrology, music, grammar, rhetoric, medicine, indeed the entire corpus of knowledge that was available in the world at that time. It is therefore not difficult to imagine that these intense academic activities included not only teaching of transmitted texts, but must also have included active interpretations of these texts, as well as very strong creative activities in producing new knowledge. Thus, in the attempt to search for the indigenous source of scientific and technological creativity for Asia, it is impossible to neglect the formidable contribution of Nalanda Monastery. In the proposed paper, I will discuss the role of the Monastery (or university) in knowledge production and refinement of technological capabilities. The paper will also focus on the philosophical and epistemological aspects of Mahayana Buddhism, especially on how the Doctrine of Emptiness (Śūnyatā) might have a bearing on how scientific and technological capabilities in Asia could be further developed.

The NSC Working Paper Series is published electronically by the Nalanda–Sriwijaya Centre of ISEAS- Yusok Ishak Institute © Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Working Paper. NSC Working Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper’s author or authors. Citations of this electronic publication should be made in the following manner: Mark E. Long, An Eighth-Century Commentary on the Nāmasaṅgīti and the Cluster of Temples on

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Arpita Mitra

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Nalanda: The ancient hub of knowledge

Nalanda, like Rome, was not built in a day. It took several centuries to evolve, diversify and extend its civilizing influence not only to all corners of the country but to lands as distant as China, Japan, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Korea, Nepal and Tibet.

Originally a mango-grove called Pavarika in the village Bargoan in Bihar, the place was sanctified by the Sakyamuni (Gautam Buddha) himself when the Enlightened One broke journey here to halt and rest, not once but several times. Ashoka built a Vihara (monastery) here and Harsha made it possible for a thousand scholars to delve deep into a hundred disciplines everyday in its numerous halls and more numerous temples.

Contemporary eye-witness accounts testify that there were so many Viharas around Nalanda, Rajgriha and Vikramsila that the whole area was called Bihara, from which the present day Indian state of Bihar derives its name. The transformation of Nalanda Vihara into the Nalanda university was the result of a rich heritage which helped it become an international center of education and culture. Nalanda stood for freedom in learning, thought, expression and action.

This heritage was both non-Buddhist and Buddhist. While the former included the Vedas and the Puranas, the latter consisted of works such as Vinay Pitaka, Dhammapada, Abhidhamma and Majhima Nikaya, with excellent commentaries by scholars such as Nagarjuna, Maiteriya, Asanga, Vasubandhu and Dinnaga, who defined and refined Buddhism in its various facets and dispensations. Nalanda, therefore, honoured thought and men of thought in the best of Indian traditions.

Nalanda was a residential university like so many others in those times, such as Taxila, Ujjaini, Vallabhi, Vikramsila and Amravati.

Yet, it was a university with a difference. The Gate Keepers of Nalanda were scholars of the highest repute, well versed in their subjects and drawn from the best in the country to examine the fresh entrants at the Gate itself. This was a novel method of ‘Entrance Examination’ and deserves admiration when we consider the historical context of Nalanda’s period.

The Gate Examination was very tough. Seven or eight scholars out of every ten were unsuccessful. So the scholars came to the gates of Nalanda again and again, till they were selected. It must have been an extraordinary spectacle to see these scholars, from all parts of the world assemble at Nalanda seeking admission. Merit alone was the criteria and even the Vice Chancellor had no discretion.

There are records of instances where scholars either belonging to or patronized by royal families were rejected, in spite of the fact that the expenses of Nalanda were met with from royal grants of village revenues. There is evidence that the revenues of several villages were granted to Nalanda, for the maintenance of its hostels and the administration of its temples and Viharas.

Several Chinese scholars and monks visited, studied and taught at Nalanda. Their memoirs are a rich and authentic source for the reconstruction of academic life at Nalanda. According to one such scholar-monk, I-Tsing, the minimum age for admission to Nalanda was 20 years. This indicates that scholars who had already passed out from some other university were admitted to Nalanda to pursue higher knowledge.

We also have the evidence from Hiuen Tsang, the Chinese pilgrim who came to Nalanda in the days of the “Good King” Harsha. He confirms that “learned men from different cities, who desire to acquire renown in discussion, come (to Nalanda) in multitudes to settle their doubts.”

The Gate-Keepers of Nalanda were in fact, the Gate-Keepers of India’s knowledge, her culture and heritage. Anyone was welcome for an open discussion on any aspect of religion, philosophy, law and life.

To be admitted to this great center of learning was a matter of great pride and prestige. Its multi-disciplinary approach to learning attracted students from far off lands. Although the subject of theology was compulsory, Nalanda was not a sectarian or a religious university imparting only Buddhist thought; other subjects were taught as fervently.

Almost all sciences, including the science of medicine were taught. So were the Upanishads and the Vedas. Panini’s grammar, the science of pronunciation (Phonetics), etymology, Indology and Yoga were all included in the curricula. Surprisingly, even archery was taught. Hiuen Tsang himself learnt Yogasastra from Jayasena. When King Harsha requested Shilabhadra to send four learned scholars to Orissa to debate with the heretics, Hiuen Tsang was chosen to be one of them.

Hiuen Tsang, who stayed at the university for 17 years, first as a student and later as a professor under the Master, Shilabhadra, came to India via the Gobi desert and entered Kashmir through the Himalayas.

At Nalanda, he was received at the Gate with a thousand lamps, his erudition and reputation having travelled faster than him. Here he studied to obtain the degree of Master of Law and became the Vice-Principal of this great University. The head of the University was called ‘Pandita’ and Shilabhadra occupied this position when Hieun Tsang came to join as a student. In no time, the new entrant rose in the estimates of Shilabhadra who sent him out on difficult assignments involving long and perilous journeys.

According to Hieun Tsang’s description, the daily schedule at Nalanda was packed with rituals. The day began with a call for the morning bath. It seems that a morning bath was compulsory for every inmate; at least it was obligatory to bathe at the prescribed hour. The bath was followed by the ablution of the holy image of Buddha, by furnishing heaps of flowers and incense, a fairly prolonged ritual accompanied by recitation of stotras and singing of hymns. Afterwards, the inmates had their meagre breakfast.

Thereafter, they went to their respective halls for discussion. In the afternoon, another ritual called ‘Caitya Vandana’ was held, wherein priests assembled at the main mate of the monastery and sang songs in praise of Sakyamuni. They could go out in the evenings and the night was meant for repose.

Knowledge of Sanskrit was essential and it meant having a complete mastery over Sanskrit grammar, literature and correct pronunciation. The method of teaching was tutorial followed by discussions.

Listening to the discussions was education. It is extraordinary that the discussions continued throughout the day and, indeed, the night. Nalanda scholars never tired of discussions; rather, they welcomed them. Hieun Tsang was deeply impressed with the discipline at Nalanda. In its existence of about 700 years at the time of his visit, there had not been a single case of any strike or disturbance or even commotion (except intellectual ferment) at the University. Besides, there were discourses open to all where all subjects from life to death were discussed.

According to I-Tsing: “They arrange every day about hundred pulpits for preaching, and the students attend these discourses without fail, even for a minute.” There was no writing work for Nalanda scholars except the copying of manuscripts and texts. It may be recalled that both Hiuen Tsang and I-Tsing carried huge loads of such texts back to China upon their return.

Nalanda was an example of the Guru-Shishya parampara, a great Indian tradition. The authority of the Guru (teacher) over the shishya (student) was absolute, and yet, dissent was permitted in academic matters. The tradition, although going back thousands of years, flourished at Nalanda more than elsewhere.

Describing the Guru-Shishya relationship, I-Tsing says: “He (Shishya) goes to the teacher at the first watch and at the last watch in the night. First the teacher bids him to sit down comfortably. Selecting some passages from Tripatakas, he gives a lesson in a way that suits the circumstances and does not leave any fact or theory unexplained. He inspects his pupil’s moral conduct, and warns him of defects and transgressions. Whenever he finds his pupil at fault, he makes him seek remedies and repent. The pupil rubs the teacher’s body, folds his clothes and sometimes sweeps the apartment and the yard. Then having examined the water to ensure there are no insects in it, he gives it to his teacher. Thus, if there is anything to be done, he does all on behalf of the teacher.”

No fees of any kind were charged at Nalanda for the studies. No price was paid for food or clothes or accommodation. There was no punishment of any kind.

For the faults or the defects of the students, the teachers punished themselves. The teacher-pupil relation was like that of the father and his son. The greatest delight and the highest reward of the teacher came when his pupil outshone him.

Sakyamuni had even laid down detailed duties and responsibilities of the teachers and the pupils, from early morning till might when the teacher went to sleep. In the words of Gautama the Buddha, “the pupil is also to act as a check, as it were, upon the preceptor, in keeping him steadfast in the faith.”

The fall of Nalanda at the hands of the Turks is a story too deep for tears. The City of Knowledge, which took several centuries to build, took only a few hours to be destroyed. Legend has it that when some monks fell at the feet of the invaders to spare at least its world-famed library, Ratnabodhi, they were thrown in the fire along with the books. The rest fled, and Nalanda was relegated to a memory.

Thus ended the story of Nalanda till it was re-told first by Hamilton and later by Alexander Cunningham. The excavations started in 1915 and continued for twenty years.

Yet much remains to be done. At the Nav Nalanda Mahavihara, which stands close to this ancient site, Sakyamuni seems to beckon all men of knowledge to restore the glory of this greatest center of learning of the yore.

~ Pranav Khullar, Freelance Writer

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A majestic and inspiring illustration of Goddess Siddhidatri, the ninth form of Goddess Durga worshipped on the last day of Navratri. The image should

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“The term “Rishi” in Sanskrit originates from a root that means “To See.” Rishis, quite literally, “see” truths that are unveiled to them in elevated states of consciousness. .These are recorded in Sacred texts called Upanishads , Vedas etc. The wisdom imparted by ancient Rishis has not only enriched the realm of inner science but has also played a pivotal role in shaping and advancing modern scientific understanding. Let us Explore……

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[Diplomacy] Nalanda University & Arunanchal Railways

D1: nalanda university, d2: railway link to arunanchal pradesh, nalanda: ancient times.

During the rule of Kumargupta of Gupta dynasty.
Mahayana monks Asnaga and Vasubandhu said to have found Nalanda in 400-500AD
Nalanda was a huge monastic-educational establishment.
Teaching done in Sanskrit.
Primary teaching focus: Mahayana Buddhism, yet included other ‘secular’ subjects as well- Like, Grammar, logic, epistemology and sciences.
Active discussions and debates were taking place.
Harsha is said to have invited a thousand learned monks of Nalanda to take part in the philosophical assembly at Kanauj.
Another Chinese scholar, Itsing, mentioned that Nalanda housed 2,000 students, was funded by revenues of 200 villages.
Thus university continued to be the centre of intellectual activity till the 12 th century
1193 AD: Turkish ruler Qutbuddin Aibak’s general Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed Nalanda University.

Nalanda: Modern times

2006: President Kalam proposed setting up this university as an international learning institute, a link between the past, present and future, a channel for knowledge exchange between scholars of the world
Singapore, China, Thailand and Australia have contributed funds.
university came into existence by a special act — The Nalanda University Act
2012: Noble Laureate Amartya Sen was appointed the Chancellor
Total 7 schools- including ecology, environment and historical studies.
2020: will become fully operational, with campus in Rajgir foothills.
Until then, temporary classes at Rajgir convention hall, students will live in a hotel.
Foreign minister Sushma Swaraj inaugurated in 2014, September.
University aims to become a research university, not a teaching university.

In recent years, China has extended its railway network upto Xigaze- close to Sikkim; now planning to extend rail links upto Sino-Indian border just across Tawang Valley in western Arunachal Pradesh.
Therefore, Indian rail connectivity to Arunachal becomes top-strategic priority.
During peace times, it’d help boosting trade, tourism, connectivity and thus national integration.
During war, same can be utilized for moving troops, food, ratio and ammunition.
However, since late 80s, Arunachal had barely 1.25kms railway in East Kameng district.
In 2014, Northeast Frontier Railway finished rail station @Naharlagun, barely 10 km away from capital Itanagar. This links Arunachal to Assam and from there to rest of India.

~107 words. Visit Mrunal.org/Diplomacy for entire list articles on Diplomacy & International relations (IR) for Mains GS2 paper of UPSC Civil service IAS/IPS Exam.

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Sir, i am targeting 2015 CSE. New to use mrunal. I cannot understand how much older posts of you should i read. Please help sir

sir, please update economic survey and latest deplomocy topic as early as possible. please, plaese………..

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Nalanda University: In ancient Magadha, the Buddhist monastic university Nalanda was well-known. among the greatest centers of study in the ancient world, and is regarded by historians as the first residential university in history. In the fifth and sixth centuries CE, a time that academics have since referred to as the Golden Age of India, Nalanda was crucial in advancing the patronage of the arts and education.

Table of Content

History of Nalanda University

Nalanda university, destruction under bakhtiyar khalji, revival of nalanda university.

When the Gupta Empire was in power, several Indian sponsors helped create Nalanda. Its faculty over 750 years comprised some of the most renowned experts in Mahayana Buddhism. Grammar, medicine, logic, and mathematics were among the six main Buddhist schools and philosophies taught by Nalanda Mahavihara, along with Yogacara and Sarvastivada. Many books written at Nalanda contributed to the growth of the Mahayana and Vajrayana schools of Buddhism. By the time Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji’s army plundered and destroyed it, it had been partially reconstructed, and it had survived until around the year 1400 CE.

At the time that Chinese pilgrim Xuan Zang travelled to India, Nalanda was a center of study. He spent time learning in Nalanda with other pilgrims, and he characterized it as:

The Nalanda professors were individuals of the finest talent and ability. They firmly adhered to the Buddha’s teachings.
Everyone was required to abide by the severe restrictions of the monastery.
All during the day, discussions take place. The young and the aged helped each other in turn.
Men of learning from many cities came here to clear up their questions.

The gatekeeper grilled newcomers with challenging inquiries. After responding to such inquiries, they are only permitted to enter. Seven to eight people out of 10 are unable to respond. Due to its dedication to the growth of India as a powerful force in the fourth century, the College of Nalanda gained significant notoriety, respect, and importance in earlier times and climbed to remarkable stature.

At its height, the institution attracted students and researchers from all over the world, including individuals from Tibet, China, Korea, and Central Asia. The formation of significant showing institutions was aided by the highly organized Buddhist examining methods. The Shailendra tradition of Indonesia was also contacted, according to archaeological evidence, and one of its kings built a cloister within the complex. In the fifth and sixth centuries, the Gupta Empire supported Nalanda, and later under Harsha, the king of Kannauj, Nalanda flourished. The Gupta era’s open social practices contributed to a period of growth and prosperity that lasted until the ninth century CE. The hundreds of years that followed were marked by increasing degradation, and it was during this time that the Pala Empire in eastern India saw the tantric advancements of Buddhism become widely articulated.

The teachers and practices at Nalanda have a significant influence on how Tibetan Buddhism, including its Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions, came to exist. A researcher in Nalanda, Shantarakshita was responsible for the eighth-century expansion of Buddhism in Tibet. Khri-soon-deu-tsan, the Tibetan monarch, welcomed him. He later established the cloister at Samye and served as the institution’s first abbot. He and his student Kamalashila essentially taught the Tibetans how to reason. One of the major exponents of Buddhist atomism as well as one of the Buddhist philosophers of Indian reason, the researcher Dharmakirti, taught at Nalanda.

Nalanda and other nearby monasteries, including the Odantapuri Vihar, were demolished and the decline of the Ghurid dynasty general Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji was started. Three sources that are consistent but contain certain gaps that cause doubts and a small disagreement about the precise date support this destruction. A Muslim historian provides the first piece of proof. The second is Buddhist monks’ records that were uncovered in Tibet. The third form of proof comes from archaeological digs when layers of charcoal deposits were found covering damaged artwork, ruins, and Nalanda library remnants.

For several centuries, Nalanda University remained abandoned and largely forgotten. The site gradually became covered with vegetation and fell into disrepair. The decline of Buddhism in India, along with political and social changes, contributed to the neglect and abandonment of the once prestigious institution.

In more recent times, efforts have been made to revive and restore Nalanda University. The revival initiative gained momentum in the early 2000s, with the establishment of the Nalanda Mentor Group in 2007 and the passing of the Nalanda University Act in 2010 by the Indian government.

The revival project aims to recreate Nalanda University as a modern international institution for higher learning, focusing on interdisciplinary studies in the humanities, social sciences, and ecological studies. The new Nalanda University campus was constructed near the ancient site of the original university in Rajgir, Bihar.

With the establishment of the revived Nalanda University, efforts have been made to attract faculty, students, and scholars from around the world. The university has initiated academic programs, research projects, and collaborations with global institutions.

While the revived Nalanda University carries the name and legacy of the ancient institution, it is important to note that it is a modern institution with a different structure and academic focus. It seeks to embody the spirit of knowledge, intellectual exchange, and cultural engagement that characterized the ancient Nalanda University.

FAQs on Nalanda University

1. write a short note on nalanda university..

Nalanda University is an educational instituted in ancient India and was established during the Gupta period and students from different corners of India came to study.

2. Why is Nalanda University famous?

Nalanda University is over 750 years and the faculty consisted of scholars from Mahayana Buddhism who taught 6 major Buddhist schools and philosophies.

3. Who discovered Nalanda University?

Nalanda University was discovered by Sir Francis Buchanan.

4. What are the three special features of Nalanda University?

The three special features of Nalanda University are as follows: Nalanda university as established in 5th century by Kumargupta I. Famous library of Nalanda is known as Dharmaganj. There are three multistorey building which are Ratnasagar, Ratnodadhi and Ratna Ranjak.

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Supplementary
Ancient Education System of India

9. Explanation of Nalanda University and Role of Community

National Council of Educational Research and Training (2008). It so happened. Ancient Education System of India (pp. 89-97). Published at the Publication Division by the Secretary, National Council of Educational Research and Training, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi.
A statue of Xuan Zang*: Vladimir Zhoga / Shutterstock.com

Indian History

Amartya Sen's Speech on Nalanda

But how does it compare with other old universities in the world? Well, what is the oldest university in the world? In answering this question, one’s mind turns to Bologna, initiated in 1088, to Paris in 1091, and to other old citadels of learning, including of course Oxford University which was established in 1167, and Cambridge in 1209. Where does Nalanda fit into this picture? “Nowhere” is the short answer if we are looking for a university in continuous existence. Nalanda was violently destroyed in an Afghan attack, led by the ruthless conqueror, Bakhtiyar Khilji, in 1193, shortly after the beginning of Oxford University and shortly before the initiation of Cambridge. Nalanda university, an internationally renowned centre of higher education in India, which was established in the early fifth century, was ending its continuous existence of more than seven hundred years as Oxford and Cambridge were being founded, and even compared with the oldest European university, Bologna, Nalanda was more than six hundred years old, when Bologna was born. Had it not been destroyed and had it managed to survive to our time, Nalanda would be, by a long margin, the oldest university in the world.[ Nalanda and the pursuit of science ]

But isn’t Takshashila the oldest university? This is what I found out

There was no single Takshashila University in the modern sense. Each teacher formed his own institution, teaching as many students as he liked and teaching subjects he liked without conforming to any centralized syllabus. If a teacher had a large number of students, he assigned one of his advanced students to teach them. Teachers did not deny education if the student was poor; those students had to do manual work in the household. Paying students like princes were lodged in the teacher’s house and were taught during the day; non-paying ones, at night.[ In Pragati – Takshashila: The lighthouse of a civilization ]

Coming back to Dr. Sen’s speech, credit is due to him for mentioning that it was Bakhtiyar Khilji who wiped out the place. But note that he did not mention why Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed a six century old place of learning.

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4 thoughts on “ Amartya Sen's Speech on Nalanda ”

Come on JK Its a marvel enough that Sen mentioned that fact. You expect him to mention Islam and jihad? That would be COMMUNAL

JK, Fascinating that although separated by more than 1500 years (and 100s of miles), the two universities were bought to ruin by Central Asian invaders. But note that he did not mention why Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed a six century old place of learning. Interestingly, in your article on Takshila, you’ve neither touched upon how it was destroyed nor why.

Hades, My excuse is word count. But you bring up a good point about these destructions, about which I should write a post.

“But note that he did not mention why Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed a six century old place of learning.” – What do you expect from a brit indoctrinated pseudo-secular commie? By the way, don’t forget University of Sankore while listing oldest universities.

How I’m Building My Community Inspired By Nalanda University

I'm inspired by Nalanda University and the way they operated 1500+ years ago.I share 13 aspects about this institution and how I'm modeling them.

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What Made Nalanda Special?

Hey, Visionaries!

Have you ever been captivated by the grandeur of an ancient seat of learning? Imagine a place where knowledge flowed like a ceaseless river, inspiring minds from every corner of the world. Well, I have, and that place is none other than the legendary Nalanda University. Today, I want to take you on a journey through the corridors of history and share how Nalanda's spirit is not only alive but thriving in the heart of my digital community.

First things first, let's delve into the marvel that was Nalanda. Over a millennium ago, Nalanda stood as the epicenter of global learning. Picture this: 2,000 teachers, over 10,000 students, and a cutting-edge infrastructure that was a pioneer in its time. I've compiled a list of 30 remarkable aspects about Nalanda that I'm itching to share with you, but let's focus on a few key elements that have lit a fire in my own journey.

1. The Gift of Knowledge Unbound: The word “Nalanda” is a Sanskrit combination of three words, Na+alam+Daa, meaning “no stopping of the gift of knowledge”. This resonates deeply with my commitment to foster boundless learning in my community.

2. Libraries of Wisdom: Nalanda had a massive library known as Dharma Gunj (Mountain of Truth) or Ratnodadhi (Sea of Gems) . In the same vein, my digital realm thrives on diverse knowledge, from Vedic texts to cutting-edge digital strategies.

3. Teacher-Student Connection: The close relationship between teachers and students at Nalanda, where values were imparted through daily interactions, fuels my determination to be more than just a digital mentor. I strive to weave personal experiences into my teachings, fostering a genuine connection.

4. International Hub of Wisdom: Nalanda attracted scholars from China, Korea, Japan, and Central Asia, creating a melting pot of ideas. Similarly, my digital community embraces a global perspective, welcoming members from diverse backgrounds.

5. Internationalism This internationalism promoted cultural exchange and a global perspective on education.

6. Inclusivity and Secularity: Nalanda's inclusive and secular ethos welcomed students and scholars from various religions and cultures. In my community, we celebrate diversity, uniting under a common and grounded set of values.

7. Open-minded Learning: Nalanda's open-minded approach enriched the tapestry of ideas. Similarly, my community thrives on an open-minded environment that encourages the exchange of perspectives.

8. Everlasting Impact: Nalanda's influence extended beyond its time, shaping the intellectual foundation of Asia. In a similar vein, my vision is to create an enduring impact on the education landscape.

9. Artistic Flourish: Nalanda nurtured a vibrant artistic community. In my community, I encourage not just academic growth but also creative expression through various mediums.

10. Tolerance and Coexistence: Nalanda fostered the coexistence of diverse philosophical and religious traditions. My community echoes this spirit, providing a harmonious space for individuals with different beliefs.

11. Sustainable Community: Nalanda's self-sustaining economic system ensured the well-being of its community. I draw inspiration from this to create a self-sustaining digital hub where resources support both academic and residential needs.

12. Global Intellectual Discourse: Nalanda attracted envoys and diplomats for intellectual discourses. Similarly, my community is a hub for thought leaders, fostering discussions that transcend boundaries.

13. Holistic Education: Nalanda likely incorporated yoga and meditation, promoting physical and mental well-being. My community echoes this by emphasizing a holistic approach to education, addressing not just the mind but the body and spirit.

As I reflect on Nalanda's legacy, I'm fueled by the vision of creating a digital university for the future. Our current education system may be outdated, but my mission is to nurture leaders who will redefine the landscape. Join me in this journey by exploring the true essence of the Internet Lifestyle Hub, where values, growth, and clarity converge. Let's build a community that not only imparts knowledge but transforms lives.

Whether you're already a member or considering joining, share your thoughts on my blog or social media. Let's make this journey a collective endeavor. For those ready to dive deep, check out sidz.co/diamond and embrace the transformative experience that awaits you.

Remember, we are on a quest to create the universities of the future. Join me in shaping a world where knowledge knows no bounds. Best wishes, and I'll catch you in the next episode of this thrilling adventure!

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Sidz is a college drop-out, "musician turned digital geek", a spiritually grounded minimalist, father of 2, and husband of a loving wife. He founded the Internet Lifestyle Hub in 2018 to fix the education and employment system for good. Currently, he is helping over 20,000+ coaches, teachers, and experts digitize their knowledge. He’s an international best-selling author of the book You Can Coach and is on a mission to help 1,000,000 people live a lifestyle of freedom!

21 replies to "How I’m Building My Community Inspired By Nalanda University"

Thank you very much Sidz to bring a absolutely fascinating to learn that Nalanda, a 1500-year-old educational institution, stood as a beacon of ancient learning and knowledge. Remarkable how its legacy continues to inspire education and innovation even today

The podcast really draws inspiration from the rich legacy of Nalanda University to shape the ethos of the community, the “Internet Lifestyle Hub.” Several key aspects from Nalanda are seamlessly integrated into the spirit of this digital community:

1) Unbounded Knowledge Gift: Nalanda’s commitment to the continuous flow of knowledge is echoed in ILH’s mission to foster boundless learning in the digital community.

2) Libraries of Wisdom: Nalanda’s massive libraries find a parallel in ILH’s digital realm, thriving on diverse knowledge, from traditional wisdom to cutting-edge digital strategies.

3) Teacher-Student Connection: The close relationship between teachers and students at Nalanda inspires to be more than just a digital mentor, incorporating personal experiences to foster a genuine connection.

4) International Hub of Wisdom: Nalanda’s global attraction is mirrored in ILH community, which embraces a global perspective, welcoming members from diverse backgrounds.

5) Inclusivity and Secularity: Nalanda’s inclusive and secular ethos finds resonance in ILH community, celebrating diversity under a common set of grounded values.

6) Open-minded Learning: Nalanda’s open-minded approach is reflected in ILH community, fostering an environment that encourages the exchange of perspectives.

7) Everlasting Impact: Nalanda’s enduring influence inspires Siddharth to create a lasting impact on the education landscape through his digital community.

8) Artistic Flourish: The community encourages not only academic growth but also creative expression, mirroring Nalanda’s vibrant artistic community.

9)Tolerance and Coexistence: Nalanda’s spirit of coexistence is upheld in the ILH tribe, providing a harmonious space for individuals with different beliefs.

10) Sustainable Community: The community also draws inspiration from Nalanda’s self-sustaining economic system to create a digital hub supporting both academic and residential needs.

11) Global Intellectual Discourse: Nalanda’s role as a hub for intellectual discourses is reflected in ILH community, fostering discussions that transcend boundaries.

12) Holistic Education: The community promotes a holistic approach to education, incorporating elements of yoga and meditation for physical and mental well-being, akin to Nalanda.

By infusing these elements, ILH community is on a mission to redefine the education landscape, creating a self-sustaining digital university for the future. It aims to nurture leaders who will transform the outdated education system and produce a new breed of visionary leaders. The emphasis is not just on imparting knowledge but on building a community that truly transforms lives, shaping a world where knowledge knows no bounds

Sidz views for building ILH as Nalanda for Digital Community:

Incorporate into ILH community for a greater good of India and global Incorporate as more of a value-system where education also include Emotional, Mental and Spiritual aspects Strong mentor-mentee through digital teaching. Respect diverse backgrounds and diverse philosophies Open-minded environment Artistic growth and encouragement Aspiration to build a self-sustaining digital hub comprising of traits of Nalanda outlined below Center for thought leaders, coaches, trainers – influencing the world Holistic approach to education

Nalanda was an ancient center of higher learning with over 2,000 teachers and 10,000 students. Known for its extensive library, Dharma Gunj (Mountain of Truth) or Ratnodadhi (Sea of Gems). Close teacher-student relationship and daily value-based interactions. Attracted international scholars – cultural exchange Diverse religious and cultural backgrounds. open-minded learning and freedom. Nurtured a vibrant artistic community. Different philosophical and religious traditions. Economic system for community welfare. Hub for global learners and diplomats. Yoga and meditation also existed

Thank you, SR, loved the information,

The ancient halls of Nalanda may resonate from a bygone era, but their whispers echo strongly in my vision for a modern community. Witnessing a world thirsting for connection, purpose, and intellectual exchange, I find myself drawing inspiration from this legendary seat of learning, weaving its spirit into the very fabric of my community-building project.

Building a community inspired by Nalanda is not about replicating the past but about harnessing its essence for the present. It’s about creating a space where minds collide, hearts connect, and knowledge becomes a bridge, not a barrier. This is the legacy I hope to leave behind, a vibrant testament to the enduring power of Nalanda’s spirit in our modern world.

ILLH – How I’m building my community inspired by Nalanda Univeristy

Nalanda – Na – alam -da : “No stopping of the gift of Knowledge” What you teach doesn’t matter, the way you teach matters the most.

13 aspects of Nalanda where knowledge flowed like a ceaseless river.

1. The Gift of Knowledge Unbound 2. Libraries of Wisdom 3. Teacher-Student Connection 4. International Hub of Wisdom 5. Internationalism 6. Inclusivity and Secularity 7. Open-minded Learning 8. Everlasting Impact 9. Artistic Flourish 10. Tolerance and Coexistence 11. Sustainable Community 12. Global Intellectual Discourse 13. Holistic Education

Thank you Sidz. Nice to learn about the Nalanda University 1. No stopping from Learning the Knowledge 2. Teacher learner In close Proximity 3. A community driven by your values 4. A community which nurtures the inner being 5. A hub with diverse learners

The core principles of ILH are founded on the basis of Nalanda university. 1. The word Nalanda means no stopping of knowledge, enhancing the importance of being a life long learner. 2. Relation between teacher and students is highly revered, help in exchange of values. 3. International hub of knowledge- cultural exchange, helps us gain a different perspective 4. Inclusive and secular atmosphere- open minded approach 5. Formed the intellectual foundation of Asia 6. Promotion of creative abilities in addition to the curriculum. 7. Tolerance of each other in a multi cultural environment 8. Self sustaining community 9. Physical and mental wellbeing along with academics 10. We need to have Values and aligned culture 11. It’s not about what you teach it’s about the way you teach.

Thank you Sid. Its so wonderful that you picked this topic and what better way to model an educational community than to refer to Nalanda! What makes me happiest is the elements of Nalanda Community that you highlighted. I am sharing it with my community. Thanks.

My Key Learning wrapped in a single sentence

Create a space where there’s free flow of knowledge, with strong value system and aligned secular culture that brings the best in students so they themselves grow and become leaders.

I ca so resonate with your thought as I stay in the state of Nalanda University- and this always crossed my mind how can we restructure or revamp this prestigious university.

Thirteen Aspects of the World’s Oldest University – Nalanda

Sidz has shared insights into the thirteen aspects of the world’s oldest university, Nalanda, as follows:

Etymology: The word “Nalanda” signifies “There is no stopping for the gist of knowledge.”

Massive Library: Nalanda boasted a massive library.

Special Teacher-Student Relationship: The bond between teachers and students was unique.

International Students: Nalanda attracted a diverse student body from around the world.

Cultural Exchange: The university actively promoted cultural exchange.

Open-Minded Approach: Nalanda encouraged an open-minded approach to learning.

Enduring Influence: Its influence extended beyond its historical period.

Vibrant Artistic Community: Nalanda housed a vibrant artistic community.

Spirit of Tolerance: The institution fostered a high level of tolerance.

Self-Sustainable Ecosystem: Nalanda had a self-sustainable ecosystem.

Lectures by International Dignitaries: The university invited international dignitaries for lectures.

Holistic Education: Nalanda incorporated both mental and physical aspects into its education system.

Inspiration for Sidz: Inspired by Nalanda, Sidz aims to instil the spirit in his students by:

Creating leaders akin to great universities. Upholding a culture of high values. Teaching in a manner that brings out the best in his students. Enabling his students to bring out the best in their students. In essence, Sidz seeks to introduce a new model of education that is value-based and deeply rooted in our culture. Great initiative! Thank you Sidz.

Here are my key takeaways:

1. Nalanda meaning: No stopping of the gift of knowledge. 2. It’s a mountain of truth 3. Sea of gems 4. It’s a library with Vedic text and Buddhist text 5. Facilitated open learnings atmosphere 6. Showed the relationship between teachers and students. How they lived in close proximity 7. It used to be a hub for international scholar 8. Promoted culture exchange and global perspective of education 9. Inclusive and secular atmosphere 10. Showed the open mindedness 11. Went behind its historic period 12. Artistic community 13. Co-existed of different religion and philosopher 14. Self-Sustaining in terms of funding and Agriculture 15. Great Diplomats 16. Incorporated yoga and meditation practices 17. promoted physical and mental well being 18. Create more leaders, who creates more university 19. Not what you teach, it’s the way you teach.

Though like many others I had studied about Nalanda in our schooldays, but today’s podcast of Sid enriched my knowledge further. Below are the points captured while listening to Sid’s podcast wherein he shared that he is inspired by Nalanda & wants to create institutions like Nalanda. Nalanda University has been the epicentre for global learning more than 1500+ years ago. People from all of the globe have been coming here to learn. The numbers have been like 10000 students & 2000 teachers. It is the first university in the world having an awesome infrastructure. Sid’s top 100 students inspired 3 lacs students. The nos. are higher because of current digital realm & not physical realm. Sid’s ILH has 30000 students in community paying a good amount of money. As shared by Sid: 1. The world Nalanda is a combination of 3 words (Sanskrit words): Na + Alam + Daa meaning ”no stopping of the gift of Knowledge”. 2. Had a massive Library called Dharma Gunj (Mountain of Truth ) or Ratnodadhi (Sea of Gems). The library had collection of Vedic texts, Buddhist texts etc. & had something like an open atmosphere of learning 3. The relation between Students & teachers was great. The students not only learn from their students but lived in close proximity and imbibing their values. Sid is doing the same thing in ILH by deeply interacting & connecting with students every week when he is connecting, sharing how is leading his life & tries to give personal touch so that students can connect with him as a human being. 4. it has been international hub for students & scholars. People from all parts of the world including China, Korea, Japan etc, studied here 5. This internationalism promoted cultural exchange & a global perspective on education. 6. Nalanda is known for its inclusive & secular atmosphere. It welcomed students from diverse culture & background. Sid is also trying to do the same with his community having students of diverse culture, religion & background but when they come to ILH they follow common and grounded and rooted values within them 7. The open-minded approach of Nalanda contributed to the rich tapestry of ideas & perspectives. It has been not a narrow-minded approach but an open-minded approach. 8. Nalanda’s impact went beyond its historical period. It’s contributed to the intellectual foundation of Asia. What Asia is today because of Nalanda University. 9. It had vibrant artistic community that produced exquisite cultures, paintings, manuscripts etc. & it really brought about creative arts & not just academic stuff 10. It’s spirit of tolerance & inclusivity allowed for co-existence of different philosophies & intellectual traditions. 11. It had a self-sustainable economic system meaning that it’s endowment, donations & agricultural lands provided resources to support academic & residential needs of communities which is amazing 12. The envoys of diplomats & emissaries of different parts of the world and visited Nalanda and engaged in intellectual discourses & negotiation. While Sid coined his community as Internet Lifestyle Hub, he did not understand the essence of the word hub. To him Nalanda was truly a hub. 13. Nalanda likely incorporated Yoga & meditation practices in their curriculum. It promoted both physical & spiritual well-being which is missing in current education system.

Sid talked about how he plans to bring about his community initiatives based on Nalanda University. Few points which is captured are:

a. Trying to create more leaders who can create Universities of the future because as per him current education system is outdated and broken & is not catering to the needs of the students. Sid shared what he came to know from his relatives & friends who are studying in Ivy League Universities regarding the messed-up system there. Culturally it has shifted & but has not been like this even 10-15byears back. Though the universities have brands big universities but they don’t address moral issues, ethical issues etc. Sid is trying to build a university taking inspiration from Nalanda to build strong values at the base. Trying set a bunch of riles which protects students from themselves. Trying to build an aligned culture meaning whenever anyone join ILH community Sid talks about code of honour & the 6 pillars on which this community stands & those are: freedom, growth, clarity, efficiency, abundance & contribution. b. Sid talked about his mentor Blair Singer’s quote: it’s not about what you teach but the way you teach makes a difference. Sid tries to bring about the best out of the students through his process like Hackathon. He again quoted Blair singer saying “Everybody is a genius. Everybody has a genius in them but it is covered by so many layers of stuff which is built over years through schooling, from family etc.’

Very thoughtful initiative!

#ilhfamily Highlighting the key points drawn from the building of a digital community inspired by Nalanda University: #ILH aims to perpetuate endless learning similar to Nalanda’s commitment to knowledge dissemination. #Emulating Nalanda’s extensive libraries, ILH thrives on diverse knowledge. #Strives to be more than digital mentors, fostering personal connections akin to Nalanda. #Welcoming diverse backgrounds, mirroring Nalanda’s international attraction. #Embracing diversity under common grounded values, akin to Nalanda’s ethos. #Encouraging the exchange of perspectives, mirroring Nalanda’s approach. #Inspired by Nalanda’s legacy, aiming to impact the education landscape. #Encouraging creativity, reflecting Nalanda’s vibrant artistic community. #Promoting harmony despite diverse beliefs. #Drawing inspiration for a self-sustaining digital hub from Nalanda’s economic model. #Fostering discussions transcending boundaries like Nalanda. #Incorporating elements of yoga and meditation, mirroring Nalanda’s focus on physical and mental well-being.

REALLY I HAVE FIRST EVER HEARD THE MEANING OF NALANDA- AMAZING. I AM JUST ASSIMILATING ALL FOR THE REST OF MY LIFE

Nalanda – Na – alam -da : “No stopping of the gift of Knowledge” What you teach doesn’t matter, the way you teach matters the most.

This podcast throws light on how Sidz is building 👷‍♂️ his community inspired by Nalanda University. This is really very inspiring 👏 🙌 ❤️

➡️ It is the first University of world 🌎. Having a rich legacy . ➡️ The word Nalanda is Sanskrit combination of 3 words Na + Alam + Daa, meaning no stopping of the gift of the knowledge. ➡️ Nalanda have a massive library known as Dharma Gunj ( mountain ⛰️ of truth ) as well as Ratnodadhi (sea of gems 💎) . They have library of all ancient vedic text . Having open kind of learning atmosphere. ➡️ Relationship between Teacher’s and students : Through their daily interactions they are not only learning but also developing values by listening to personal experiences & build a genuine connection or bond. ➡️ It is worldwide /international hub : The students are coming from diverse backgrounds from worldwide 🌐. ➡️ This promotes cultural exchange globally. ➡️ They have very healthy atmosphere for learning as students are coming from diverse backgrounds with different religions still they are welcome warmly. And treated equally. ➡️ It has very Open minded approach . ➡️ It’s impact is beyond it’s historical period. It influenced later many educational institutions & contributed as foundation of Asia. ➡️ It had vibrant artistic community . ➡️ Spirit of tolerance. ➡️ They provide resources for academic. ➡️ They promote Yoga 🧘‍♂️ and meditation practices. They promote physical and mental well-being along academics.

So following these values of Nalanda in ILH following values are followed

➡️ To create more leaders who can create universities of future. ➡️ Having aligned culture. ➡️ Follows code of honor 🎖 & 6 pillars on which ILh community stands are 1. Freedom 2. Growth 3. Clarity 4. Efficiency 5. Abundance 6. Contributions ➡️ The way you teach is more matters so that v your students geniuses comes out .

So, one should always have such code of honor 🎖 or values while building 👷‍♂️ a community. 🙌

Everytime you are coming up something outstanding teachings…and I love to learn Nd implement It’s truly said that our current education system is broken….. somehow values are missing and majority times …there focus is in only curriculum Thank you that you are delivering such a good information that helps me grow up my child by inculcating these values apart from only bookish knowledge

Thank you Sir 😀

My Biggest takeaways Nalanda’s Legacy: Nalanda University, a millennium-old seat of global learning.

Gift of Knowledge Unbound: Nalanda’s name reflects its commitment to the ceaseless gift of knowledge.

Libraries of Wisdom: Nalanda’s massive libraries akin to my digital realm’s diverse knowledge.

Teacher-Student Connection: Close relationships at Nalanda inspire a personal touch in my digital mentorship.

International Hub: Nalanda’s global appeal mirrors my digital community’s diverse backgrounds.

Inclusivity and Secularity: Nalanda’s inclusive ethos aligns with my community’s celebration of diversity.

Open-minded Learning: Nalanda’s open-minded approach resonates in my community’s environment.

Everlasting Impact: Nalanda’s enduring influence parallels my vision for a lasting impact on education.

Artistic Flourish: Nalanda’s artistic community mirrors creative expression encouraged in my community.

Tolerance and Coexistence: Nalanda’s coexistence echoes in my community’s harmonious space.

Sustainable Community: Nalanda’s self-sustaining model inspires a similar vision for my digital hub.

Global Intellectual Discourse: Nalanda’s intellectual attraction aligns with my community fostering global discussions.

Holistic Education: Nalanda’s emphasis on yoga and meditation reflects in my community’s holistic approach. Siddharth emphasizes the profound wisdom of his mentor, Blair Singer, underscoring the significance of instructional methodology over the content itself. In alignment with Singer’s philosophy, Siddharth employs transformative processes, such as the Hackathon, to extract the inherent genius within each student. Singer’s assertion, reiterated by Siddharth, posits that despite the layers of influence accumulated through schooling and familial experiences, every individual possesses an innate genius waiting to be unveiled. This underscores Siddharth’s commitment to nurturing students’ true potential by fostering an environment that transcends conventional educational paradigms.

Thanks and Regards, Debasmita Basu

I thoroughly enjoyed reading your exploration of modern Indian education! It’s inspiring to see how the landscape is evolving to meet the needs of today’s learners. Your insights shed light on the progressive approaches being adopted, which are crucial for nurturing well-rounded individuals in this fast-paced world. It’s particularly fascinating to learn about initiatives like the JP Nagar schools with excellent facilities, which exemplify the commitment to providing holistic learning environments. Keep up the great work in redefining learning and shaping the future of education!

How to Write a Great 250-Word Essay

David Dec 14, 2017

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In college, there are many instances where you may be required to write a 250-word essay – your application, exam questions, small writing prompts, etc. A 250-word limit may seem like a novel to some, but others find it difficult to get their point across with so few words. In this guide, we will look at a 250-word essay example, along with tips on how to write a great 250-word essay. Bonus: Need to write a longer essay? See this guide on how to write a 500-word essay

The Basic Format of a 250-Word Essay

All essays consist of the same three parts: an introduction with a thesis, a body paragraph or body paragraphs that support the thesis, and a concluding paragraph that summarizes the overall essay.

In 250 words, you will most likely have 3-4 paragraphs in total, each with 50-100 words. This will allow for 3-5 concise but detailed sentences per paragraph.

A Step-by-Step 250-Word Essay Example

To help visualize this process, let’s go ahead and write a simple 250-word essay. You’ll see our writing sample in green and our explanation of what we did (and what can be done) with each section in normal text.

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Without further ado, let’s get started on our essay!

TOPIC: How has your family upbringing influenced your educational goals?

Step 1 – Write Your Thesis

Your thesis is the first thing you should consider in your essay. Simply put, it’s the main idea of your essay that will control everything else you write. If you could summarize the question in just one sentence, how would you do it?

For our topic How has your family upbringing influenced your educational goals? our thesis will be:

My parents saw little value in a formal education. It was their lack of passion that led me to my educational goals.

Step 2 – Write Your Introduction

In the introduction, the first sentence can be a broad or general statement that sets the tone for the piece. It is usually supported by a second sentence that leads into the thesis. The optional third sentence may pose a question that the thesis aims to answer, or it may prompt the reader to think about the topic in a different light. The final sentence of the intro paragraph clearly establishes the thesis.

As a general rule of thumb, the introduction should go from broad to specific, sentence by sentence, gradually leading up to your thesis. Here’s a sample example of an introductory paragraph.

Parents are supposed to push you past your goals, or at least, that’s what I always believed. I was raised in the generation of “you can do anything if you put your mind to it.” My parents did not follow that philosophy, and they saw little value in a formal education. It was their lack of passion that led me to my educational goals.

Word count: Introductory paragraph, 64 words.

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Step 3 – Write The Body Paragraph(s)

Next, we’ll continue with the body paragraph. Remember, body paragraphs should support the thesis and be about 3-5 sentences or 50-100 words long. In a short essay you may opt for only one body paragraph but in a longer one you may need more.

So how should your body paragraphs support your thesis? Think of each body paragraph as an argument that supports it.

Working with our thesis “My parents never saw the value of formal education and that’s what lead me to my educational goals” , then each paragraph could be about how not seeing the value of formal education led to the writer pursuing it.

For example, maybe the writer didn’t want to end up in the same work as their parents. Or maybe it was the parents’ lack of belief in the writer that pushed them to pursue a better future.

Let’s have a look at what a body paragraph can look like for our 250 word essay.

From as far back as I can remember, I knew I didn’t want to follow in the footsteps of my parents, at least not when it came to work. My father had worked on the family farm all his life and my mother had been a housewife since graduation. They were both content with the simplicity of their lives and wanted the same for me. I remember my father telling me that college was “expensive and a waste of four years”. I knew however, that I wanted a career in the city that would be more challenging than simple farm life could provide. The only way to make that possible would be through formal education and a college degree.

Word count: Body paragraph 119 words. Total essay is now 181 words.

Step 4 – Summarize with a Conclusion

The final paragraph is the conclusion. You may start this paragraph with “To summarize,” “As evident by X, Y, and Z,” or a similar statement that highlights the biggest points in your essay. Use the conclusion paragraph to sum up the main point of your essay using different words. The last sentence can be something broad that leaves the reader wondering. Let’s see how we can write a conclusion for our sample essay.

While my parents may not understand the value of formal education, I know it is essential for my future. This has helped me immensely, by making me realize that without strong parental support, I’m the only one who’s responsible for my own goals. In a way this has been the strongest source of motivation. And for that, I am forever grateful.

Notice how we summarize the main point of the essay in the first sentence. We then connect the first sentence to the a conclusion we arrive at. Finally we end in an optimistic tone by stating how this has been helpful and we are grateful. Unlike the introduction paragraph, which flows from broad sentences to specific, a conclusion generally flows the opposite way, from specific sentences to broader concepts.

Word count: Concluding paragraph 61 words. Total essay is now 242 words.

Sure, we came up 8 words short. But being that close should not be considered an issue. If for some reason you are required to write 250 words minimum, you can make the essay longer by sprinkling in a few extra words.

The Entire 250-word Essay Altogether

Parents are supposed to push you past your goals, or at least, that’s what I always believed. I was raised in the generation of “you can do anything if you put your mind to it.” My parents did not follow that philosophy, and they saw little value in a formal education. It was their lack of passion that led me to my educational goals. From as far back as I can remember, I knew I didn’t want to follow in the footsteps of my parents, at least not when it came to work. My father had worked on the family farm all his life and my mother had been a housewife since graduation. They were both content with the simplicity of their lives and wanted the same for me. I remember my father telling me that college was “expensive and a waste of four years”. I knew however, that I wanted a career in the city that would be more challenging than simple farm life could provide. The only way to make that possible would be through formal education and a college degree. While my parents may not understand the value of formal education, I know it is essential for my future. This has helped me immensely by making me realize that without strong parental support, I’m the only one who’s responsible for my own goals. In a way this has been the strongest source of motivation. And for that, I am forever grateful.

Should I Write More Than 250 Words or Less Than 250 Words?

When a professor or college entry application asks for a “250 word essay,” 250 words is generally a rough guide. No one is going to fail you if you go over or under the limit by a few words. We’d say a good gauge is plus or minus 50 words. As a general rule of thumb though, try to stay as close to 250 words as possible without going too far over or under.

Essay Writing Tips

Here are some quick tips for writing a great 250-word essay:

Write the first draft from start to finish without any pauses. This will make the writing sound fluid, and you can make adjustments after that.
Avoid over-editing your work. Ideally, you should take a long pause between editing sessions so you can clear your head and come back with a fresh perspective.
Try not to think about the word count too much. Once you get in the habit of writing four 3-5 sentence paragraphs, you’ll find your words naturally get close to 250.
Don’t throw fluff sentences in your essay. Professors see right through those. Instead, think of an additional sentence to enhance the support in your body paragraphs.
If you feel like you have concisely and sufficiently answered the question below the word count, trust your gut. Most instructors will value quality over quantity.

The more 250-word essays you write, the easier they will become. Feel free to practice with free essay prompts online to train your brain to write with this rhythm. You’ll soon be able to whip out 250 words without checking your word count!

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Eligibility criteria for masters' programme for indian and international students.

Minimum criteria is 55% or 2.2/4.0 GPA or equivalent Grade Point Average(GPA) in Under Graduate Degree.

Students from any stream i.e Humanities/Sciences/Engineering/Management/Law etc. can apply for any programme, however students may not apply for more than two programmes.

Self-Introduction/Bio-Note Statement (Not more than 250 words) Statement of Purpose (SoP)

Why do you want to study at Nalanda University (100 words)
The reasons for choosing the programme (300 – 500 words)

Proof of English proficiency is required for students coming from non English speaking countries/medium:

TOEFL/IELTS or any other standard certification in English

*The candidate having full-time degree-level course, entirely taught and assessed in English need not submit any certificate

For MBA in Sustainable Development and Management (in addition to the above criteria)

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Minimum 5 years of working experience
No Objection Certificate is required from employer for working executives/sponsored candidates/ candidates on sabbatical/candidates recommended by PSUs/GOI Departments.
CAT/XAT/MAT score will not be applicable.

Eligibility and Selection Criteria for PhD Level Admission at Nalanda University for Indian and International Students

For full time students it’s a fully residential programme, with a stipend of 35000 INR per month

Nalanda University offers 4 year doctoral programme for national and international students
For full time students, it’s a fully residential programme
For part-time students, residence will not be provided (baring contact programmes / workshops for a period of not exceeding more than seven days)

Essential Eligibility Criteria:

Applicant should have a Master’s degree with at least 65% marks or equivalent Grade Point Average (GPA), preferably with dissertation at Masters’ level or M.Phil. Degree with 65% marks or equivalent Grade Point Average (GPA).
Applicant to submit a Letter of Self Introduction, and 2 Letters of Recommendation/ References.
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Applicant to submit a detailed Research Proposal (which will be put through plagiarism check)
Applicant to submit evidence of any research such as writing samples or published papers (at least 2 to 3).
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Any other standard English test on international platform
Or, completed a full-time degree-level course taught and assessed entirely in English

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Applicant should have a Master’s degree with at least 65% marks or equivalent Grade Point Average (GPA), preferably with dissertation at Masters’ level or M.Phil. Degree with 60% marks or equivalent Grade Point Average (GPA).
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A minimum of three years Bachelor’s degree (10+2+3) is required from any recognised Indian University. A GPA of at least 2.2 or above on a 4 point scale or equivalent grade if other grade point scale is used.

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Essay on Bihar

Students are often asked to write an essay on Bihar in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Bihar

Introduction.

Bihar is a state in the eastern part of India. It is the third-largest state in terms of population. The capital city is Patna.

Bihar has a rich history. It was the center of power, learning, and culture in ancient India. It is the birthplace of Buddhism.

Bihar’s culture is very diverse. It is known for its music, dance, and festivals. Bihari cuisine is also very famous.

Bihar’s economy is primarily agricultural. It is a major producer of vegetables and fruits. It also has a growing service sector.

Bihar is a state with a rich history and diverse culture. It has a lot to offer to its residents and visitors.

Also check:

10 Lines on Bihar
Speech on Bihar

250 Words Essay on Bihar

Bihar, located in the eastern part of India, is a state rich in history and culture. Known for its ancient universities and religious sites, Bihar has been a significant center of learning, culture, and power in ancient and classical India.

Historical Significance

Bihar’s historical significance is unparalleled. It was the center of the Maurya and Gupta empires, two of the most powerful dynasties in Indian history. The state was also the birthplace of Buddhism, with Gautama Buddha achieving enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, a town in Bihar.

Cultural Diversity

Bihar’s culture is a blend of diverse traditions and practices. The state is known for its unique art forms like Madhubani painting and traditional dance styles such as Jat-Jatin and Bidesia. The Bihari cuisine, with dishes like Litti Chokha and Sattu Paratha, is famous for its flavors and simplicity.

Economic Aspects

Bihar’s economy primarily revolves around agriculture, with rice, wheat, and lentils as major crops. Despite its agricultural predominance, Bihar faces several challenges like poverty and lack of industrialization. However, recent years have seen significant efforts towards infrastructural development and economic reform.

Bihar, with its rich history and cultural diversity, holds a unique place in the Indian subcontinent. Despite economic challenges, the state continues to progress, striving to balance its historical legacy with modern development. The essence of Bihar lies in its resilience and the vibrant amalgamation of tradition and transformation.

500 Words Essay on Bihar

Bihar, an Indian state, is a region of historic and cultural significance. Known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and diverse population, Bihar is a fascinating study in contrasts. It is a place where ancient traditions coexist with modern development, where the urban and rural landscapes merge seamlessly.

Bihar’s history dates back to the dawn of Indian civilization. It was the center of power, learning, and culture in ancient and classical India. The state was home to two of India’s major empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire. Bihar is also the birthplace of Buddhism, with Bodh Gaya, the place where Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment, located here. The remnants of its glorious past, such as the ruins of Nalanda University, are still visible today and serve as a testament to Bihar’s historical significance.

Bihar’s culture is a rich tapestry of diverse traditions, languages, and festivals. The state’s cultural heritage is reflected in its folk music, dance, and art forms. Bihari cuisine, known for its distinctive flavors and variety, also reflects the state’s cultural diversity. Festivals like Chhath Puja, which is unique to Bihar, showcase the state’s vibrant traditions and religious fervor.

Economy and Development

Bihar’s economy has traditionally been agrarian, with agriculture employing the majority of the population. The state is a major producer of fruits, vegetables, and grains in India. However, in recent years, Bihar has made significant strides in its economic development. The state government has implemented several initiatives to promote industrial growth and infrastructural development. Despite these advancements, Bihar continues to face challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment.

Education and Social Challenges

Education in Bihar has seen considerable improvement over the years. The state government has made concerted efforts to increase literacy rates and improve the quality of education. However, Bihar still grapples with issues like gender disparity in education and inadequate educational infrastructure.

Socially, Bihar is a melting pot of various castes, religions, and ethnic groups. While this diversity is a strength, it also presents challenges. Caste-based discrimination and communal tensions are some of the social issues that Bihar faces.

Bihar, with its rich history and cultural diversity, is a state that encapsulates the essence of India. Despite its challenges, Bihar’s potential for growth and development is immense. The state’s journey from a cradle of civilization to a developing region in modern India is a testament to its resilience and dynamism. The future of Bihar lies in leveraging its historical legacy and cultural richness while addressing its socio-economic challenges.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Bhopal
Essay on Yoga the Path to Wellness
Essay on Yoga and Meditation

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

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9. Explanation of Nalanda University and Role of Community

Amartya Sen's Speech on Nalanda

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