design thinking education course

Design Thinking Courses

• Social Sciences

Design Thinking and Innovation

Design Thinking and Innovation from Harvard Business School (HBS) Online will teach you how to leverage fundamental design thinking principles and innovative problem-solving tools to address business challenges.

Design Thinking: Creating Better Customer Experiences

Learn how the principles of design thinking can help fuel the success of your organization.

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Mastering Design Thinking

Transform services and product development with design thinking

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October 31, 2024

3 months, online 6–8 hours per week

PROGRAM FEE

For your team.

Enroll your team and learn with your peers

Learn together with your colleagues

Participants report that enrolling in a program with colleagues fosters collaborative learning and amplifies their impact.

Please provide your details to get more information about the group-enrollment pricing.

The benefit of learning together with your friend is that you keep each other accountable and have meaningful discussions about what you're learning.

Congratulations!

Based on the information you provided, your team is eligible for a special discount, for Mastering Design Thinking starting on October 31, 2024 .

We’ve sent you an email with enrollment next steps. If you’re ready to enroll now, click the button below.

Develop Future-Ready Skills Today

Emeritus is collaborating with MIT Sloan Executive Education to help you build future-ready skills. Enroll before and get up to 15% tuition assistance along with a  complimentary  1-year Wall Street Journal subscription.

Application Details

Tuition assistance is live as per below schedule. The full program fee is $3300 as of the start date.

program fee

Why master design thinking.

Design thinking has emerged as a powerful methodology, revolutionizing how we tackle complex challenges, cultivate creativity, and engineer breakthrough solutions. The global market size was valued at US$7,404.29 million in 2022 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 7.38 percent during the forecast period, reaching US$11,352.7 million by 2028, as per a 2023 report by Industry Research Company.

Design-driven organizations, including Apple, Coca-Cola, IBM, Nike, Procter & Gamble, and Whirlpool, have outperformed the S&P 500 over the past 10 years by an accumulated 211 percent in what's called the Design Value Index — a portfolio of 16 publicly traded organizations that integrate design thinking into their corporate strategy.

Developed by renowned MIT Sloan faculty, the Mastering Design Thinking program empowers participants to leverage the potential of design thinking with a focus on applied creativity to craft innovative solutions for improving an existing product or setting up a new product.

Who Is It For?

This program is for teams and individuals who want to learn a proven, systematic approach to new product development. Anyone responsible for driving innovation, growth, and the customer experience should attend, including functional and cross-functional teams.

Roles of past participants include professionals from creative, design, customer experience, engineering, innovation, product, R&D, strategy, and UX, such as:

• Product marketing managers, business analysts, marketing managers, growth managers, R&D managers, product heads
• Senior designers, UX researchers, UX designers, design engineers, creative managers, UX design consultants, art directors
• C-suite executives, including chief executive officers, chief operation officers, and chief strategy officers, managing directors, founders, presidents
• Innovation and growth consultants

Learning Journey

The program presents a meticulously curated learning journey, strategically designed to empower participants in leveraging its benefits without compromising their professional commitments.

Begin your design thinking learning journey with the essential knowledge and hands-on application of learnings from the program.

• Learn the concepts that drive design thinking
• Submit your project ideas around user innovations
• Identify customer needs and user groups
• Translate needs into product specifications
• Create a prototype
• Build out the product architecture
• Analyze the economics of the innovation
• Choose the right development process
• Present your final ideas and get real-time feedback

Program Experience

140+ Video Lectures

3 Live Teaching Sessions

3 Group Projects

10 Assignments

1 Capstone Project

6 Real-World Applications

Proven results

Program Topics

Seamlessly blending in-depth faculty sessions with group projects and assignments, this program fosters collaborative learning through peer interactions and a team-based capstone project, creating a lasting peer network of value beyond program completion.

Understand the critical design thinking skills needed to either improve an existing product or design a new product.

Learn to identify customer needs and draft customer needs statements as your first step towards user innovations.

Learn how to translate user needs into product specifications quantitatively, and how establishing product metrics can help to define those specifications.

Learn to apply creativity, brainstorming, and concept generation process in designing needs solutions.

Explore prototyping methods, strategies, and real-life examples where these have been applied to create a design that represents customer needs and product specifications.

Understand design of services, identify the potential for innovations within them, and learn how to apply product development frameworks to the service context.

Learn to use modular and integral product architectures in determining the building blocks of a product.

Learn to perform financial analysis of your project idea and decide if it is backed by a strong business rationale.

Learn how to apply design for environment principles to a product life cycle.

Learn to select and implement a product development process (staged, spiral, and agile) that's aligned to your project needs.

Capstone Project

The capstone project is the culmination of your Mastering Design Thinking program experience, enabling you to present an in-depth analysis of a proposed product or service. It enables you to apply design thinking principles, empowering you to address intricate business challenges with ingenious solutions. This project involves a comprehensive analysis of a proposed product or service. You will utilize the Real-Win-Worth it (RWW) screening process to ensure the solution's viability, environmental impact, and financial feasibility.

Top-performing teams will have the opportunity to present their projects to Professor Steven Eppinger, based on criteria such as the solution's innovation, presentation quality, and application of RWW metrics. This challenge will showcase your design thinking expertise and strategic capabilities, demonstrating your ability to craft innovative solutions that cater to genuine customer needs.

Case Studies

Learn how Apple has succeeded by designing products and services that address a key customer need: ease of use.

Review an example of a fully comprehensive prototype and test via the complex system of Boeing’s 787-9 twin engine commercial airplane.

Bank of America

Examine two innovations Bank of America developed based on customer needs regarding savings, and review their process for developing these service innovations.

Review Zipcar’s 11-step service experience cycle and how each step needed to be designed both from a customer and business perspective for this complex process to succeed.

Hewlett-Packard

Explore how Hewlett-Packard builds products on multiple platforms using modular architectures to satisfy different markets.

Study how Nespresso’s two cash flows—for machines and for coffee—affect its product development considerations, and learn about financial analysis for projects via an examination of its recycling program.

What Participants Say

"I truly believe that the program fulfilled my expectations and even exceeded them. I was a little skeptical about the online format, but I believe it provided full value for money, and I now feel equipped with cutting-edge knowledge in design thinking." — Lars Tamstrup Axelsson, Principal R&D Engineer, Ferrosan Medical Devices A/S

"The program offers rich content and a standardized process that effectively boosts the rate of innovation success." — Manoj Chatterjee, Cloud DevOps & Automation Lead, Shell

"I thoroughly loved the interactive networking sessions and collaborating with my team. I wanted a structured approach to design thinking with a technical edge and I believe that is what I got." — Rangena Hotaki, Founder/CEO, DesignOvation Strategies, LLC

"The program offers numerous innovative approaches to structured problem resolution through its highly applicable content." — Sergio Chavez, Principal Technical Data Management Consultant, Shell International

"The program consistently provided numerous exceptional real-world examples across every module, and was very product-centric." — Ryan Hall, Director of Innovation, Radius

"It was refreshing to learn new techniques and how to see products from my own perspective and from the perspective of the customer." — Jesus Perez, Product & Channel Coordinator, PSS

"The real-world examples and presentations by David Robertson offered relatable context that truly complemented our learning experience." — Othel Rolle, Technical Product Management, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson

Steven Eppinger General Motors Leaders for Global Operations Professor of Management; Professor of Management Science and Engineering Systems; Co-Director, System Design and Management Program Steven D. Eppinger served as deputy dean of MIT Sloan from 2004 to 2009, as faculty co-director of the Leaders for Global Operations (formerly MIT Leaders for Manufacturing) and the System Design and Management programs from 2001 to 2003... More info

Matthew Kressy Director and Founder, MIT Integrated Design and Management (IDM); Senior Lecturer at MIT; Principal, Designturn, Inc. Matthew S. Kressy, director and founder of the MIT Integrated Design and Management (IDM) master’s degree track, is an expert in product design and development. As an entrepreneur and founder of Designturn, he has designed, invented, engineered... More info

David Robertson Senior Lecturer at MIT David Robertson is a senior lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management, where he teaches product development and digital product management. Prior to MIT, David was a professor of practice at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania... More info

Steven Eppinger General Motors Leaders for Global Operations Professor of Management; Professor of Management Science and Engineering Systems; Co-Director, System Design and Management Program Steven D. Eppinger served as deputy dean of MIT Sloan from 2004 to 2009, as faculty co-director of the Leaders for Global Operations (formerly MIT Leaders for Manufacturing) and the System Design and Management programs from 2001 to 2003, and as co-director of the Center for Innovation in Product Development from 1999 to 2001. Steven's research efforts are applied to improving product design and development practices. Conducted within MIT’s Center for Innovation in Product Development, his work focuses on organizing complex design processes in order to accelerate industrial practices and has been applied primarily in the automotive, electronics, aerospace, and equipment industries. At MIT Sloan, Steven has created an interdisciplinary product development course in which graduate students from engineering, management, and industrial design programs collaborate to develop new products. He also teaches MIT’s executive courses in the area of product development.

Matthew Kressy Director and Founder, MIT Integrated Design and Management (IDM); Senior Lecturer at MIT; Principal, Designturn, Inc. Matthew S. Kressy, director and founder of the MIT Integrated Design and Management (IDM) master’s degree track, is an expert in product design and development. As an entrepreneur and founder of Designturn, he has designed, invented, engineered, and manufactured products for startups, Fortune 500 companies, and everything in between. Matt believes in interdisciplinary, design-driven product development, derived from deep user research, creative concept generation, and rapid prototype iteration. He is passionate about teaching this approach in the design process.

David Robertson Senior Lecturer at MIT David Robertson is a senior lecturer at the MIT Sloan School of Management, where he teaches product development and digital product management. Prior to MIT, David was a professor of practice at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. From 2002 through to 2010, he was also the LEGO professor of innovation and technology management at IMD in Lausanne, Switzerland. David is the author of the award-winning book about LEGO’s near-bankruptcy and spectacular recovery, Brick by Brick: How LEGO Rewrote the Rules of Innovation and Conquered the Global Toy Industry (Crown, 2013). David has also held several executive management positions in enterprise software companies, and spent five years at McKinsey & Company in the U.S. and Sweden.

Certificate

Get a verified digital certificate of completion from MIT Sloan School of Management. This program also counts towards an MIT Sloan Executive Certificate .

After successful completion of the program, your verified digital certificate will be emailed to you, at no additional cost, in the name you used when registering for the program. All certificate images are for illustrative purposes only and may be subject to change at the discretion of MIT Sloan.

Learn new skills with your colleagues and get special enrollment. Discounts up to 20% are available. Learn more

How do I know if this program is right for me?

After reviewing the information on the program landing page, we recommend you submit the short form above to gain access to the program brochure, which includes more in-depth information. If you still have questions on whether this program is a good fit for you, please email [email protected], and a dedicated program advisor will follow-up with you very shortly.

Are there any prerequisites for this program?

Some programs do have prerequisites, particularly the more technical ones. This information will be noted on the program landing page, as well as in the program brochure. If you are uncertain about program prerequisites and your capabilities, please email us at the ID mentioned above.

Note that, unless otherwise stated on the program web page, all programs are taught in English and proficiency in English is required.

What is the typical class profile?

More than 50 percent of our participants are from outside the United States. Class profiles vary from one cohort to the next, but, generally, our online certificates draw a highly diverse audience in terms of professional experience, industry, and geography — leading to a very rich peer learning and networking experience.

What other dates will this program be offered in the future?

Check back to this program web page or email us to inquire if future program dates or the timeline for future offerings have been confirmed yet.

How much time is required each week?

Each program includes an estimated learner effort per week. This is referenced at the top of the program landing page under the Duration section, as well as in the program brochure, which you can obtain by submitting the short form at the top of this web page.

How will my time be spent?

We have designed this program to fit into your current working life as efficiently as possible. Time will be spent among a variety of activities including:

• Engaging with recorded video lectures from faculty
• Attending webinars and office hours, as per the specific program schedule
• Reading or engaging with examples of core topics
• Completing knowledge checks/quizzes and required activities
• Engaging in moderated discussion groups with your peers
• Completing your final project, if required

The program is designed to be highly interactive while also allowing time for self-reflection and to demonstrate an understanding of the core topics through various active learning exercises. Please email us if you need further clarification on program activities.

What is it like to learn online with the learning collaborator, Emeritus?

More than 300,000 participants across 200 countries have chosen to advance their skills with Emeritus and its educational learning partners. In fact, 90 percent of the respondents of a recent survey across all our programs said that their learning outcomes were met or exceeded. All the contents of the program would be made available to participants at the commencement of the program. However, to ensure the program delivers the desired learning outcomes the participants may appoint Emeritus to manage the delivery of the program in a cohort-based manner the cost of which is already included in the overall fee of the program. A dedicated program support team is available 24/5 (Monday to Friday) to answer questions about the learning platform, technical issues, or anything else that may affect your learning experience.

How do I interact with other program participants?

Peer learning adds substantially to the overall learning experience and is an important part of the program. You can connect and communicate with other participants through our learning platform.

What are the requirements to earn the certificate?

Each program includes an estimated learner effort per week, so you can gauge what will be required before you enroll. This is referenced at the top of the program landing page under the Duration section, as well as in the program brochure, which you can obtain by submitting the short form at the top of this web page. All programs are designed to fit into your working life. This program is scored as a pass or no-pass; participants must complete the required activities to pass and obtain the certificate of completion. Some programs include a final project submission or other assignments to obtain passing status. This information will be noted in the program brochure. Please email us if you need further clarification on any specific program requirements.

What type of certificate will I receive?

Upon successful completion of the program, you will receive a smart digital certificate. The smart digital certificate can be shared with friends, family, schools, or potential employers. You can use it on your cover letter, resume, and/or display it on your LinkedIn profile. The digital certificate will be sent approximately two weeks after the program, once grading is complete.

Can I get the hard copy of the certificate?

No, only verified digital certificates will be issued upon successful completion. This allows you to share your credentials on social platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter.

Do I receive alumni status after completing this program?

No, there is no alumni status granted for this program. In some cases, there are credits that count toward a higher level of certification. This information will be clearly noted in the program brochure.

How long will I have access to the learning materials?

You will have access to the online learning platform and all the videos and program materials for 12 months following the program end date. Access to the learning platform is restricted to registered participants per the terms of agreement.

What equipment or technical requirements are there for this program?

Participants will need the latest version of their preferred browser to access the learning platform. In addition, Microsoft Office and a PDF viewer are required to access documents, spreadsheets, presentations, PDF files, and transcripts.

Do I need to be online to access the program content?

Yes, the learning platform is accessed via the internet, and video content is not available for download. However, you can download files of video transcripts, assignment templates, readings, etc. For maximum flexibility, you can access program content from a desktop, laptop, tablet, or mobile device. Video lectures must be streamed via the internet, and any livestream webinars and office hours will require an internet connection. However, these sessions are always recorded, so you may view them later.

Can I still register if the registration deadline has passed?

Yes, you can register up until seven days past the published start date of the program without missing any of the core program material or learnings.

What is the program fee, and what forms of payment do you accept?

The program fee is noted at the top of this program web page and usually referenced in the program brochure as well.

• Flexible payment options are available (see details below as well as at the top of this program web page next to FEE ).
• Tuition assistance is available for participants who qualify. Please email [email protected].

What if I don’t have a credit card? Is there another method of payment accepted?

Yes, you can do the bank remittance in the program currency via wire transfer or debit card. Please contact your program advisor, or email us for details.

I was not able to use the discount code provided. Can you help?

Yes! Please email us with the details of the program you are interested in, and we will assist you.

How can I obtain an invoice for payment?

Please email us your invoicing requirements and the specific program you’re interested in enrolling in.

Is there an option to make flexible payments for this program?

Yes, the flexible payment option allows a participant to pay the program fee in installments. This option is made available on the payment page and should be selected before submitting the payment.

How can I obtain a W9 form?

Please connect with us via email for assistance.

Who will be collecting the payment for the program?

Emeritus collects all program payments, provides learner enrollment and program support, and manages learning platform services.

Are there any restrictions on the types of funding that can be used to pay for the program?

Program fees for Emeritus programs with MIT Sloan Executive Education may not be paid for with (a) funds from the GI Bill, the Post-9/11 Educational Assistance Act of 2008, or similar types of military education funding benefits or (b) Title IV financial aid funds.

What is the program refund and deferral policy?

For the program refund and deferral policy, please click the link here .

Didn't find what you were looking for? Write to us at [email protected] or Schedule a call with one of our Program Advisors or call us at +44 150 730 4811 (UK) / +1 401 264 8575 (US) / +65 3138 5193 (SG)

Early registrations are encouraged. Seats fill up quickly!

Flexible payment options available. Learn more.

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Design Thinking Bootcamp: Make Impact and Drive Growth in Your Organization

Choose a session:.

Learn and apply skills to solve real business challenges using human-centered design techniques in this workshop at Stanford’s d.school.

At Design Thinking Bootcamp, we understand that every product, service, and experience you work on must deliver. Our intensive program is focused on helping you solve complex problems and supports you to design and build innovative solutions for future growth. You will learn proven yet unconventional skills and tools to magnify consumer empathy and bring early product concepts to life quickly. As some past participants have said, “you will accomplish more at Bootcamp than in 30 days of work.” You will feel the intense pace at which innovation can happen. Our dynamic teaching team is committed to coaching you as you work in a small team with other professionals on a real project to apply our design thinking methods. You will leave with a toolkit of revolutionary ways of thinking about your work and the challenge to bring new products, services, or experiences to market.

Key Benefits

Learn design thinking tools and get coaching to drive innovation at your own company.

• Two-thirds of past participants bring a new product, service, or experience to market within 36 months.
• Lifelong access to the newest design methods taught by Stanford’s state-of-the-art d.school — the originator of design thinking.
• Team up with other professionals and train together to drive growth on a real project.
• All teaching and coaching is done by a combination of Stanford professors and successful program past participants who are design-driven leaders themselves.
• A personalized experience with a student-to-faculty ratio of 6:1.
• A combination of hands-on training and short lecture-style sessions.
• Join and connect with a robust Stanford d.school alumni network.

Who Should Attend?

• Professionals responsible for tackling strategic challenges, driving growth, and implementing systems for innovation
• Professionals interested in making an impact on their current customers and diversifying their offerings to reach new audiences
• Leaders who seek deep collaboration across multidisciplinary, diverse teams
• Due to the goals of this program, it is not appropriate for consultants or for those who work for consulting agencies or design firms

Spring | 25 Mar 2025 – 28 Mar 2025

At-a-glance.

Application Requirements

Qualified candidates are admitted on a rolling, space-available basis. Early applications are encouraged.

Payment Information

Payment is due upon admission. Your space is secured upon receipt of full payment.

Team Discount

Receive a 15% discount when multiple participants (up to 5) who work directly at the same organization attend the same program. List your teammate(s) in your application.

• Accommodations

Accommodations are not provided. We recommend one of the many lodging options in the greater Palo Alto area.

Awarded Upon completion

Summer | 08 jul 2025 – 11 jul 2025, fall | 09 sep 2025 – 12 sep 2025.

Receive a 15% discount when two to five participants from an organization apply and attend the same session. List your teammate(s) in your application.

Program Overview

Learn more about the program.

Explore our carefully designed curriculum, and go deeper with select course descriptions or a sample schedule.

Learn more about our past participants, and find out if the program is right for you.

Faculty Leadership

Explore related programs, customer-focused innovation.

06 Oct 2024 – 11 Oct 2024 In-Person

Innovative Product Leadership: The Emerging Chief Product Officer

24 Aug 2025 – 29 Aug 2025 In-Person

The Emerging CMO: Strategic Marketing Leadership

10 Aug 2025 – 15 Aug 2025 In-Person

Associated program Topics

• Design Thinking,
• Innovation,
• In-Person (Stanford)

Program dates, fees, and faculty subject to change. Consistent with its non-discrimination policy, Stanford’s programs are open to participants regardless of race, color, national or ethnic origin, sex, age, disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, veteran status, marital status or any other characteristic protected by applicable law.

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Srikant Datar to Teach Online Certificate Course to Help Business Leaders Think Differently

• 22 Sep 2021

Harvard Business School Online is announcing a new certificate course taught by Srikant Datar, Dean of Harvard Business School, called Design Thinking and Innovation . The course will help leaders be more inventive and creative in their approach to strategic initiatives and problem-solving.

Datar, the George F. Baker Professor of Administration, has held many leadership roles at Harvard Business School and Harvard University during his more than 25 years on the faculty, including serving as chair of the Harvard Innovation Labs. He became dean in January 2021.

According to Datar, “Entrepreneurial leaders must prioritize experimentation and constant iteration to effectively solve business problems in a consumer-centric way. I hope this course helps business leaders think more creatively, so they’re better positioned to achieve the highest levels of success for themselves and their organizations.”

Design Thinking and Innovation is designed for professionals at all levels of management and will teach them entrepreneurial design thinking principles and cognitive frameworks they can leverage to guide their organizations through strategic development and complex business challenges. The course uniquely combines design thinking with structured approaches to ideation—such as task unification, subtraction, and attribute dependency—to help learners break common mental blocks to creativity and refine their innovations’ attributes to better match customer value propositions. It will help learners build stronger strategies, products, and teams, and create an optimal environment to inspire innovation and collaboration.

“We’re delighted that Dean Datar has chosen to create this course, and we know our learners will gain tremendously from the innovative approach he brings to research and his wide-ranging experience,” says HBS Online Executive Director Patrick Mullane. “It’s particularly exciting because innovation in online education is one of his most important priorities in leading HBS in this new era.”

In Design Thinking and Innovation, professionals will learn how to:

• Approach problems using structured approaches for gathering observations, breaking cognitive fixedness, and generating ideas for solutions
• Apply creative problem-solving and behavior-change analysis to innovation development and internal team processes
• Develop a strategic innovation toolkit and learn when and how to apply design thinking and innovative problem-solving tools and exercises
• Practice empathy in applying human-centered design techniques, such as user research, prototyping, and journey mapping
• Assess group dynamics and improve team performance through tools and processes designed to enhance collaboration and iteration in development
• Guide teams to draw from a wide range of professional experiences and backgrounds and create stronger collaboration dynamics to heighten innovation

Learners in all HBS Online courses immerse themselves in a unique learning model , which encourages debate and collaboration with hundreds of learners from around the world. Together, they solve real business problems and engage in an ongoing series of interactive exercises, including polls, quizzes, short essays, and even role-playing with fellow participants. Design Thinking and Innovation includes five weeks of coursework and two weeks of project work to allow participants to collaborate with their peers from around the world and put their learnings into practice.

Applications for Design Thinking and Innovation will be accepted through January 10, 2022, and the course will begin on January 19, 2022.

To learn more about this seven-week course and to apply, visit the Design Thinking and Innovation page .

Executive Certificate in Design Thinking for Innovation

Executive Education

Design an innovative path forward.

Looking to stay ahead of the curve? Join the next wave of business innovators, and tap into more creative and unique problem-solving techniques. With an Executive Certificate in Design Thinking for Innovation, professionals revolutionize their problem-solving approach, implement co-creation to promote a more collaborative culture, and work to solve complex, everyday issues to drive organizational success.

Participants who intend on earning the Executive Certificate in Design Thinking for Innovation must first demonstrate mastery of the basics by successfully completing Introduction to Design Thinking , and then Advanced Design Thinking and Design Thinking Practicum in that order. 

Through our Executive Certificate in Design Thinking for Innovation, participants will learn design thinking skills to help you tackle complex challenges with solution-based approaches across any industry. 

The Executive Certificate in Design Thinking for Innovation consists of three, three-day courses:

• Introduction to Design Thinking
• Advanced Design Thinking
• Design Thinking Practicum

Introduction to Design Thinking

Leverage your team's experience and discover new strategies and tactics to develop innovative solutions for organizational success.

Expand upon basic design theory principles and develop your ability to research, ideate, and prototype theories you've created for a more intense design challenge.

Learn to facilitate your own design thinking and human-centered design workshop, and lead your team to the creative solutions you've been looking for. 

• Design Thinking for Innovation Courses

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School for Continuing Education

Design thinking for sustainable development.

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This description is only available in English.

26–28.05.2025

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This course provides an introduction to design thinking for social impact. Participants will gain an introduction to the design thinking process, methods, tools, and mindsets, and experience and reflect on them through application to a real sustainable development challenge.

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26–28.05.2025, 3 days

ETH Zurich, Building CLD, Clausiusstrasse 37, 8092 Zurich

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Registration starts 04.11.2024

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Jasmine Neve, NADEL Guest lecturers

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Clausiusstrasse 37 CLD 8092 Zurich

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ETH Zurich, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences (D-​GESS), NADEL – Global Cooperation and Sustainable Development

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Students of the MAS/CAS in Development and Cooperation as well as interested persons with at least 24 months of work experience in international development cooperation. PhD students who conduct empirical research within the field of development cooperation.

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This course can count towards the CAS ETH Development and Cooperation certificate, if participants hand in their full application for the CAS within the same semester of attending their first course at NADEL.

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Stanford Online

Innovation, entrepreneurship & design thinking.

Learn and grow with Stanford Online from anywhere in the world, wherever you are in your life’s journey. We offer courses and programs in innovation, entrepreneurship, and design thinking at both the professional and graduate level. Choose the learning path that's right for you.

Need help deciding on a program? Contact us by filling up the form below. We will respond to you within the one business day (often more quickly).

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Our innovation, entrepreneurship, and design thinking professional education consist of mostly online, self-paced courses that will prepare you to make an immediate impact on your career. Whether you’re looking to make a career move, reach that promotion, or expand your knowledge, our professional education courses and programs are designed to help you reach your goals while still maintaining your career.  Earn a certificate to make your resume stand out from the crowd.

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Learn the necessary tools and techniques to ensure that your team and organization thrive in today's tech-driven markets.

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Discover your creativity and build a lifelong practice of innovative problem solving by mastering the art of design thinking.

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Advance yourself, your team, and your organization by becoming a more effective change maker and leader.

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Our graduate-level entrepreneurship courses and programs give you the opportunity to watch and participate remotely in the same graduate-level courses that are offered on the Stanford campus. These courses and programs will enhance your technical skills so you can advance in your current industry, break into your desired field, or prepare for advanced study. Earn academic credit for each graduate course completed.

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Take a deep dive into the wide-ranging aspects of entrepreneurial success. Learn how to transform your organization and manage your entrepreneurial ideas.

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Gain the knowledge and network you need to launch impactful business ideas and initiatives. Learn how to identify opportunities, develop business plans, determine funding sources, develop products and services, and manage innovation.

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Applications Open now for September 2024 Batch | Applications Close: Sep 15, 2024 | Exam: Oct 27, 2024 APPLY NOW

Degree Level Course

Design Thinking for Data-Driven App Development

This course helps you learn the basics of Design Thinking in an experiential way. This course aims at empathy-led data-driven app development approach for data scientists. The learners will launch a fully functioning app in a real app store at the end of the course.

by Bala Ramadurai , Prathap Haridoss

Course ID: BSMS4002

Course Credits: 4

Course Type: Elective

Pre-requisites: None

Prerequisites: None

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Course structure & Assessments

12 weeks of coursework, weekly online assignments, 2 in-person invigilated quizzes, 1 in-person invigilated end term exam. For details of standard course structure and assessments, visit Academics page.

About the Instructors

Dr. Bala Ramadurai is an author, coach, consultant and professor. He has authored a book on Design Thinking called Karmic Design Thinking (https://dt.balaramadurai.net).

He has 3 patents to his credit and 10+ publications in international research journals. He co-founded TRIZ Innovation India (https://trizindia.org) and is an Adjunct Professor at Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, India (https://www.sibmpune.edu.in). He currently mentors an EdTech enterprise called Knoin Electronics (https://knoin.org) He is a professor at National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (https://nptel.ac.in). He has a PhD from Arizona State University, USA, and a B.Tech from IIT Madras, India.

Prathap Haridoss is currently the Dean (Academic Courses) and a Professor in the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at IIT Madras. He did his B.Tech in Metallurgical Engineering from IIT Madras and got his Ph. D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. He worked as a Senior Scientist in Plug Power New York, before joining IIT Madras as a Faculty. His research interests include Fuel Cell and Carbon Nanomaterials. Prathap Haridoss was also one of the coordinators of NPTEL (National Program on Technology Enhanced Learning) and the IIT Madras B.S. Degree Program.

View all Degree Level courses

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Quality Continuing Education

Leading to Quality Care

At the forefront of elevating health care professionals through robust continuing education, we pioneer innovation to ensure exceptional quality care, transcending boundaries beyond Nebraska. 

The Office of Continuing Interprofessional Development and Innovation at the College of Nursing is dedicated to advancing the University's mission by delivering top-notch continuing education and professional development. Our programs cater to nurses and other health care professionals in Nebraska and beyond. 

We are committed to enhancing educational systems and platforms, with a focus on leveraging IT systems to enhance the educational experience, assess outcomes, and streamline program efficiencies. We envision continuing education to be at the forefront of dissemination and implementation research, examining new ways to effectively improve health care professional's performance through knowledge and skills acquisition. We create various forms of live and online simulation to create a learning atmosphere that will improve cognitive functioning as well as address how stress and emotional response affect these outcomes. Contact us with your questions.

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Inaugural International Design Thinking Conference

Join fellow thought leaders, industry experts and change-makers who share your passion for a dynamic and inclusive academic society dedicated to the advancement of design thinking in health care practice, education and scholarship.

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Join us for one of our live continuing education activities available in person, virtual or hybrid.

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View our recent online continuing education activities.

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Results and impact of our continuing education programs, highlighting key metrics and overall effectiveness in achieving educational goals

continuing education activities were offered, with 66% being primarily live courses, 47% interprofessional, and 21% tailored for a rural audience.

learners from 52 countries participated, showing an 18% increase in knowledge per learner and a 14% improvement in their ability to treat patients.

credits were awarded to learners, with 95% recommending our activities and 90% reporting improved team performance.

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RNHuddle is a podcast that delivers insights and expert discussions on the latest trends, challenges, and innovations in nursing and health care. Tune in for practical advice, inspiring stories and professional growth tips tailored for nurses.

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Precepting the future nursing workforce: a community collaboration, nursing hrsa grant leads to regional clinical instruction network.

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• Open access
• Published: 07 September 2024

Student involvement and innovative teaching methods in a biophilic design education pilot elective course in interior architecture

• Fulya Özbey   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-2165 1 , 2 &
• Simge Bardak Denerel 1  

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume  11 , Article number:  1155 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

35 Accesses

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• Environmental studies

Biophilic design has gained popularity in interior design areas owing to its numerous advantages. Nevertheless, globally, Interior Architecture/Interior Architecture and Environmental Design departments lack adequate biophilic design courses in their curricula. This research investigates the impact of involving students in syllabus design and applying innovative teaching methods in a pilot elective course focused on biophilic design in interior spaces on student engagement and course sustainability. A new pilot elective course was introduced in the 2022–2023 Spring Semester at the Interior Architecture Department, Faculty of Architecture, Near East University, aiming to establish an enduring and captivating learning environment for students. Initially, a focus group study was conducted to measure students’ awareness of biophilic design and integrate their ideas regarding innovative learning methods into the syllabus for an engaging elective course. Strategies like interactive learning tools, group tasks, and peer assessments were incorporated throughout the course to enhance engagement. Analysis of end-of-course surveys and student observations revealed an augmented awareness of biophilic design among students and a positive influence of innovative learning methods on course sustainability. Thus, the study suggests that an elective course offers the potential to mitigate the deficiency of biophilic design integration in undergraduate programs, augmenting students’ awareness in this field. Moreover, new elective courses could deliver more sustainable and engaging learning experiences for enrolled students when structured through student involvement and innovative learning methods.

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Introduction.

The historical human-nature relationship has been disrupted by industrialization, leading to a growing recognition of the need for a mindful approach in the 21st century. Biophilia, our innate connection with nature, has evolved into Biophilic Design, enriching constructed spaces with natural elements. This design approach has proven advantages, enhancing workplace productivity, stress reduction, education outcomes, and healthcare recovery while aligning with sustainability efforts (Browning et al. 2014 ). Therefore, the incorporation of biophilic design in educational curricula has accumulated significant attention due to its confirmed benefits and to prepare students to meet industry demands because when considering the practice of interior architecture in the 21st century, it is observed that the understanding of biophilic design has been embraced by designers more than ever before in interior spatial design (Demirbaş & Demirbaş, 2019 ). Despite its acknowledged benefits, undergraduate education in biophilic design remains scarce, notably in Interior Architecture (IA) and Environmental Design (IAED). Few universities globally, in Türkiye and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), offer specific courses in this field. According to the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022: Art & Design indicates that out of the top 10 universities with IAED or IA departments, five universities do not offer any courses related to biophilic design. While one university includes a course on biomimicry, three lack accessible detailed course content. Only Aalto University offers an explicit course on biophilia, which is called “Biofilia ABC,” and a biophilia lab that emphasizes the integration of biophilic design into research and learning environments through interdisciplinary collaboration. The gap in biophilic design education is no different in Türkiye and the TRNC, where there are 84 universities with IAED or IA departments (41 having IAED departments 41 having IA departments, and 2 universities offering both), biophilic design education is significantly lacking. Out of these institutions, only 1 offers a dedicated “biophilic design” course at the undergraduate level (starting from 2023 to 2024 Fall Semester in İstanbul Galata University), and only 4 universities include the term “biophilia” in any course syllabus. Most universities have courses that focus on sub-topics of biophilic design, such as indoor landscaping, biomimicry, or the nature-human relationship and its representation. Surprisingly, 40 universities do not include any terms or subjects related to “biophilia” in their course names within the curriculum, further highlighting the scarcity of biophilic design education in the region. However, there’s a high demand for this knowledge among interior architects, indicating an educational gap that requires attention also supported by the survey conducted by Doğan ( 2021 ) targeting interior architects and space users, with a sample size of 285 respondents (139 interior architects and 146 general space users). The results indicated that 107 of the participating interior architects had not received formal education in biophilic design, underscoring the absence of biophilic design within many Turkish universities. However, 111 of the participants possessed knowledge of biophilic design, suggesting that they had sought information from external sources. To bridge the gap and promote biophilic design education at the undergraduate level, a dedicated elective course covering theoretical foundations and practical applications of biophilic design principles is crucial. By establishing a comprehensive biophilic design course, universities can equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to create sustainable, nature-inspired interior spaces and foster a deeper connection with the natural world. However, understanding students’ course selection motives, such as interest and perceived benefits, is crucial. Involving students in syllabus design enhances communication and caters to diverse learning styles, making courses more effective. This research investigates the impact of student involvement in creating a pilot elective on biophilic design for interior spaces. It explores how innovative teaching methods and course preparation influence student engagement and course longevity. Also, this research uses qualitative and quantitative methods, while delving into three key questions:

What is the awareness/knowledge level of undergraduate IA and IAED students in Türkiye and the TRNC regarding Biophilic Design?

Does a student-involved course syllabus preparation process enhance the sustainability and student commitment in biophilic design courses?

What challenges do instructors face in elective courses for Generation Z (Gen Z) students in IA and IAED programs? How can these be addressed to establish participatory course structures and enhance learning outcomes?

Literature review

Biophilic design is currently a popular topic, but its full integration into IA and/or IAED curricula is still lacking. In addition, the content and method of teaching the designed course are important for the biophilic design to take its place in education because elective courses in the curriculum offer students the opportunity to explore their interests and develop their individuality. Since this study delves into the effects of students taking part in developing a trial elective focusing on biophilic design for interior spaces, it aims to examine the influence of creative teaching approaches and course planning on student participation and the sustainability of the course this literature review includes two sections. The first one is biophilic design and its applications in interior architecture, and the second one is the role of elective courses in architectural education.

Biophilic design and its applications in interior architecture

Throughout history, humans have coexisted with and drawn valuable insights from the natural world (Turner et al. 2004 ; Wilson, 1996 ). However, the industrial revolution and global urbanization have severed this connection, resulting in significant environmental damage (Çorakçı, 2016 ). The civilizations that once dominated nature in the 18th and 19th centuries faced dire consequences for their environmental exploitation in the 20th century, leading to a growing realization in the 21st century of the need for a more conscientious approach to nature (Çorakçı, 2016 ). Erich Fromm introduced the concept of “biophilia,” signifying a deep love for all living beings (Heerwagen et al. 2012 ). Edward O. Wilson and Stephen R. Kellert expanded on this concept, proposing in “The Biophilia Hypothesis” (1993) that humans possess an innate inclination to connect with nature and other life forms (Kellert and Wilson, 1993 ). Biophilia is not an instinct-like breathing but emerges from biological tendencies shaped by learning and experiences, including emotions such as love, hate, and fear. Sociocultural factors influence its expression, evident in the symbolic use of nature in myths, religious beliefs, and meditations (Kellert and Wilson, 1993 ). Stephen Kellert’s research on biophilia led to its integration into architectural design, exemplified in “Building for Life” (2005). This laid the foundation for “Biophilic Design,” solidified in the initial edition of “Biophilic Design” (2008) with contributions from various researchers, defining it as “an innovative approach emphasizing the essential preservation, enrichment, and restoration of the positive human-nature connection within built environments” (Kellert et al. 2011 ).

Based on various research and perspectives, the principles and applications of biophilic design have been subject to numerous categorizations (Kellert et al. 2011 ; Browning et al. 2014 ). Nonetheless, at the core of all predominant categorizations lies the central theme of seamlessly incorporating elements of nature and natural phenomena into the constructed environment. In their seminal work, “Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life,” Kellert et al. ( 2011 ) delineated six fundamental principles of biophilic design, which encompass “Environmental Features, Natural Shapes and Forms, Natural Patterns and Processes, Light and Space, Place-Based Relationships, and Evolved Human-Nature Relationships.” These principles collectively offer a comprehensive framework for the establishment of harmonious human-built environments.

The application of biophilic design principles within interior spaces involves the deliberate integration of nature-inspired elements to foster a more harmonious and productive milieu. Common manifestations of biophilic applications include the utilization of natural lighting, incorporation of indoor flora, utilization of natural materials, the inclusion of water features, and the provision of vistas that connect with natural settings. The empirical evidence underscores the multifaceted advantages of biophilic design on human well-being and productivity. For instance, a study conducted by Sanchez et al. ( 2018 ) substantiates the notion that biophilic design features enhance workplace performance. In a subsequent study by Aristizabal et al. ( 2021 ), it was established that a multisensory biophilic environment not only improved cognitive performance but also mitigated stress levels while enhancing overall satisfaction with the workplace environment. Furthermore, research conducted by Sayed et al. ( 2021 ) has demonstrated that the incorporation of biophilic principles into educational spaces engenders improved concentration levels, higher attendance rates, and enhanced academic performance among students. Beyond the realms of work and education, the beneficial impact of biophilic design extends to healthcare settings, as underscored by studies conducted by Samir ( 2021 ) and Totaforti ( 2018 ). These studies reveal that biophilic design elements contribute to alleviating patient fatigue and expediting the healing process. Lastly, Newman et al. ( 2012 ) underscore the potential economic advantages associated with the integration of biophilia into design practices. This includes reduced energy consumption, enhanced biodiversity, and, in addition, improvements in well-being and productivity, ultimately aligning with sustainability and ecological preservation efforts.

The role of elective courses in architectural education

Universities offer students various opportunities to pursue their academic goals. Elective courses, in particular, allow students to pursue their aspirations, develop virtual goals, and broaden their educational content (Movchan and Zarishniak, 2017 ). Also, elective courses enable students to study subjects that satisfy their interests, abilities, and career determination while seeking to develop the individuality of each student (Ghonim and Eweda, 2018 ). Architectural education is a multidisciplinary field that imparts both technical knowledge and social responsibility to students. Integrating elective courses into the curriculum can ensure a well-rounded education and exposure to a diverse range of subjects. This is essential for developing a holistic understanding of the role of architecture in society and the importance of ethical principles and values for architects (Ghonim and Eweda, 2018 ). Thus, there arises a compelling need to establish a novel pedagogical framework emphasizing self-directed learning among graduating architects guided by their mentors. Consequently, educational models must emphasize the cultivation of imaginative thinking, keen observation, and active engagement, especially when incorporating innovative instructional resources aligned with these objectives (Fernandez-Antolin et al. 2021 ). The flexible nature of the elective factor allows for dynamic updates to reflect contemporary issues and developments in the field, marketplace, and society. When offering new elective courses, considerations should include program orientation, student interests and needs, and faculty specialization (Ghonim and Eweda, 2018 ).

Additionally, to provide an effective elective course in architectural education, it is crucial to not only consider the students’ interests and needs but also their reasons for selecting an elective course. In the study conducted by Ting and Lee ( 2012 ), an investigation was undertaken to explore the various factors that exert an influence on students’ selection of elective courses. The researchers identified a multitude of determinants, which include the perceived level of interest in the subject matter, the perceived difficulty of the course content, the perceived leniency of the instructor, the potential acquisition of future career skills, the impact of external influences, the instructor’s popularity or personality, the timing of the class in terms of the day of the week and meeting hour, the reputation of the university, the suitability of the subject matter, and the class size. Another aspect of an effective elective course is the level of student involvement in the course. This process is not only limited by the course duration but might start from the syllabus design process. Research conducted by Cook-Sather ( 2014 ) has underscored the significance of involving students in the design of syllabi, highlighting its positive impact on teacher-student communication and collaboration. This proactive approach has enabled educators to gain a deeper understanding of students’ motivations and learning styles, facilitating the tailoring of instructional methods to better suit individual needs. Furthermore, a study conducted by Bovill et al. ( 2011 ) has demonstrated that the inclusion of students in syllabus design has resulted in heightened levels of self-regulation and metacognitive awareness. Students have become more attuned to their learning strategies, fostering an increased propensity for engaging in self-directed learning practices. Practitioner-researchers Zereyalp and Buğra ( 2019 ) have ascertained that the incorporation of students’ voices in syllabus development substantially contributes to the efficacy of the syllabus. This contribution manifests in the form of fostering open and constructive communication with students, thereby better aligning the syllabus with their needs and expectations.

Methodology

This study adopted a mixed-method research approach, which integrated focus group studies, interviews, case studies, and participant observation methods. Since this research involves gathering both qualitative and quantitative data together into a single platform to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the topic from various perspectives, including those of students and instructors, a mixed research approach is considered well-suited for this study (Mulisa, 2022 ). The research methodology consisted of three distinct sequential steps.

In the initial step, the emphasis was on preparing the syllabus of the pilot elective course (case study) and addressing the first two research questions. Data collection was primarily facilitated through focus group studies and interviews, with subsequent qualitative analysis applied.

The second step involved data collection during the course period, treated as a case study for addressing both the second and third research questions. During this phase, participants (comprising students enrolled in the pilot elective course) were subject to observation, alongside the administration of concise questionnaires. Subsequently, the results obtained from these questionnaires, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative data, underwent rigorous analysis.

The third and final step entailed comprehensively analyzing the amassed data to substantiate the study’s hypotheses.

A succinct summary of the research methods and evaluation techniques utilized throughout the study is presented in Fig. 1 , the research methodology flowchart.

Methodology flowchart.

Data collection

In the initial phase of data collection for this study, a pilot focus group investigation was undertaken with five sophomore students from Yaşar University’s (YU) Department IAED. These students were selected for their qualifications aligning with the primary focus group participants. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the reliability of the research questions, as outlined by Nagle and Williams ( 2013 ), which had been prepared for the forthcoming focus group studies. The designated questions were sequentially presented to the students, and their responses were meticulously evaluated. The outcomes of this pilot focus group analysis indicated that the formulated questions were sufficiently effective in eliciting the necessary data for the subsequent primary focus group study. The selection of participants for the focus group sessions was carried out through the convenience sampling method to have individuals with characteristics of the overall population (students who enrolled in the elective course), proposed by Nagle and Williams ( 2013 ). The focus group inquiries were methodically administered to the students, and the ensuing responses were subjected to qualitative analysis. These focus group sessions were conducted on November 22nd and 23rd, 2022, involving ten students from Near East University (NEU), and subsequently on December 1st and 2nd, 2022, with the participation of eight students from YU.

The interview phase of the research was executed on November 22nd and December 2nd, 2022, involving three instructors from the Faculty of Architecture, each responsible for teaching various elective courses at YU and NEU. During these interviews, the instructors were probed about their approaches to curriculum development, the selection of assessment methods, strategies employed to foster student engagement, utilization of innovative pedagogical techniques, and their course adaptation procedures based on end-of-semester feedback.

The insights garnered from both the instructor interviews and the focus group sessions constitute the primary data sources for the case study under investigation. The subsequent step in the data collection process for this study was designed to coincide with the case study. During this stage, the students enrolled in the pilot elective course served as subjects of observation, while periodic administration of concise online but with clear, targeted questions that aligned with the learning objectives and teaching effectiveness of the course questionnaires allowed for ongoing data acquisition. The reason for choosing the online survey method for the end-semester feedback is that online surveys are straightforward, anonymous, and time-efficient (Moss & Hendry, 2002 ). Also, emphasizing the anonymity and confidentiality of responses can encourage students to provide honest feedback to have more reliable results even with a small group of sample. Last but not least, the necessary permissions were obtained from the NEU Scientific Research Ethics Committee for all stages requiring data collection.

Data analysis plan

In the initial phase of data collection, a comprehensive data analysis plan was formulated, which encompassed the incorporation of data derived from primary and secondary sources. The data amassed during this first step underwent a rigorous evaluation employing qualitative methodologies. Subsequently, an insightful case study was methodically created, drawing from the analytical findings obtained from the gathered data.

In the subsequent phase, which unfolded within the context of the aforementioned case study, the participants were subjected to systematic observations, and periodic surveys were administered to solicit their responses. Data collection culminated upon the conclusion of the case study. To facilitate a comprehensive analysis of these diverse data sources, a well-structured approach was devised, combining qualitative techniques for the assessment of participant observations and a blend of both qualitative and quantitative methods to scrutinize the results derived from the periodic surveys. In addition, the reliability of the course evaluation results was validated by triangulating the survey findings with other assessment measures, such as students’ academic performance or assignment quality.

Ultimately, the data at hand was subjected to a robust interpretative process, and it was the intent to engage in a thoughtful deliberation of the hypotheses in accordance with the insights gleaned from the case study.

Focus group study and interviews

For this study, pilot elective courses titled “TMF 444 İç Mimarlıkta Biyofilik Tasarım “ and “FAE424 Biophilic Design in Interior Architecture” were offered in both Turkish and English language departments during the 2022–2023 Spring Semester at the Faculty of Architecture, Department of Interior Architecture, Near East University. However, before opening the courses in line with the stated objectives and methodologies of the research, students were actively involved in the curriculum development processes of these courses, with the aim of creating a more efficient and dynamic elective course. Additionally, the opinions of various faculty members were sought.

Initially, a focus group study with open-ended questions was conducted with a total of 18 students, 10 from NEU’s and 8 from YU’s Faculty of Architecture. The responses from this study were evaluated using the MAXQDA 2022 (VERBI Software, 2021 ) program and subjected to the keyword analysis method. The study sought to ascertain the student’s familiarity with the concept of biophilic design, their expectations for an upcoming elective course on this subject, their preferences for course activities and assessment methods, their views on effective teaching techniques, and their integration into academic courses, as well as the motivating factors driving their active engagement in these courses. The analysis highlights from the focus group study are summarized in Table 1 .

The highlights from the interviews with the instructors indicated that it is important to approach students in a friendlier manner and use innovative teaching techniques to create a more engaging class environment while considering students’ voices to develop the course in general.

Course period

After evaluating the data in Table 1 and the interview outputs, course contents for TMF 444 and FAE 424 were developed following the NEU course content development rules. An overview of the course syllabus is presented in Table 2 .

The 14-week course commenced with an introductory week, determining the student demographic, midterm and final assessments, and administering a survey on students’ perceptions of biophilic design, innovative learning methods, and in-class motivations. Weeks 2–8 predominantly focused on various topics such as the concept of biophilia, patterns and health impact of biophilic design, differences and similarities between biophilic design and sustainable design, the concept of biophilic cities, and some practical ways of incorporating biophilic design principals to the interior spaces as well as the examination of example case studies. Week 9 centered around the midterm presentation, involving the analysis of a chosen structure based on biophilic design criteria. Weeks 10–14 were allocated for the creation of an interior design project emphasizing biophilic design, followed by desk critiques. Ultimately, developed projects were submitted as the final assessment.

In the proposed pilot elective course, 26 students enrolled in the Turkish section, while 11 students registered for the English section. Among these, 20 students attended the Turkish course, and 7 students attended the English course for the whole semester. The overall distribution of students by department and class includes 16 Interior Architecture students (14 undergraduate 3rd year, 2 undergraduate 4th year) and 9 Architecture students (1 undergraduate 1st year, pursuing a double major, 1 undergraduate 2nd year, 4 undergraduate 3rd year, and 3 undergraduate 4th year). Given that a substantial proportion of students enrolled in both FAE 424 and TMF 444 courses are representative of Generation Z, this study also investigates the challenges encountered by instructors in this demographic context. As the course unfolds, the difficulties of being an instructor in a class dominated by Gen Z learners are explored. The paramount question becomes: how can these challenges be effectively addressed, and what methods can be employed to construct a participatory course structure that enhances learning outcomes? Drawing inspiration from contemporary educational research, including works by Orr et al. ( 2021 ), Saxena and Mishra ( 2021 ), Szabó et al. ( 2021 ), Chan and Lee ( 2023 ), Mohr and Mohr ( 2017 ), Marie and Kaur ( 2020 ), and Jaleniauskiene and Juceviciene ( 2015 ) this study consolidates diverse strategies to enhance the student engagement and participation for teaching Gen Z in higher education. As, Orr advocates for an academic coaching model, emphasizing transformational learning. Saxena proposes gamification as a motivational tool, and Szabó underscores the significance of incorporating various information technologies, such as e-learning and gamification, to boost student motivation and skill development Chan’s study delves into Gen Z students’ perceptions of generative AI in higher education, noting their optimism for its benefits—enhanced productivity and personalized learning. However, it emphasizes the concerns raised by Gen X and Gen Y teachers regarding overreliance and ethical implications, highlighting the importance of integrating technology with traditional teaching methods for a more effective learning environment. Mohr’s study emphasizes the significance of understanding generational profiles to improve course assignments and communication approaches. The findings emphasize the need for instructors to adapt teaching methods to align with Gen Z’s preferences for technology-driven and visually engaging educational experiences, and Marie’s research highlights Gen Z’s inclination towards a digitized learning environment, emphasizing the importance of adapting academic opportunities to meet their diverse needs and foster critical 21st-century skills like critical thinking and creativity. Finally, Jaleniauskienė's study focuses on reshaping educational environments to cater to Gen Z’s learning preferences. The recommendations span from redesigning physical and non-classroom spaces to accommodate diverse learning styles, integrating active learning methodologies, fostering collaborative environments (both physical and virtual), and leveraging technology as mindtools to enhance cognitive functions and engage visually oriented learners. In summary, advocation for a multifaceted approach that integrates technology, personalized coaching, gamification, and varied pedagogical strategies to create engaging, transformative, and inclusive learning environments for Gen Z learners.

Therefore, interactive presentations were prepared during the course, leveraging Genially (Genially Web, S.L., 2021 ) and Gamma (Gamma Tech, Inc., 2022 ), as they facilitated engagement, aligning with the 5 students who identified the fluidity of course delivery as a significant motivator for participation. To maintain interactivity and motivation, quizzes at the end of the course were conducted through Quizizz (Gupta and Cheenath, 2015 ), with a 10-point bonus awarded to the student with the highest quiz average throughout the semester. Moreover, practical exercises were conducted utilizing Miro (Khusid and Shardin, 2011 ) to incorporate active learning strategies, thereby cultivating collaborative learning settings. A specific instance of the Miro exercise is illustrated in Fig. 2 .

In-class exercise by Miro.

While implementing the assignments, based on the findings from the focus group study, even if the majority of students expressed a preference for being able to choose assignment types, it was acknowledged in interviews that this approach might lead to potential issues, such as providing enough sources for each type of assignment or concerns related to students blaming each other for grades, finding others’ assignments easier, etc. Consequently, for this pilot course, it was decided that the assignment types would be determined by the course instructor, and for midterm and final assessments, students would be consulted at the beginning of the course to reach a decision by majority agreement. Additionally, as 8 of the students expressed the utility of peer evaluations, and recognized their potential to enhance motivation and interest in the course, a 10-point peer evaluation criterion was incorporated into one of the assignments and midterm presentations. The assignment incorporating peer assessment was a brief research task, designed to encourage students to share their findings during class and contribute to each other’s ideas. The assignment brief and grading criteria are outlined in Fig. 3 .

Assignment 1 brief and grading criteria.

For the midterm assessment, students were expected to select a structure and analyze it based on the principles of biophilic design, presenting their analysis during class. Peer assessment was incorporated during the midterm too, where students evaluated each other’s presentations. Last but not least, in the final assessment, influenced by both the preference for project submissions by 2 of the students and the suggestion of integration with project or studio courses 2 students were required to choose an area from project courses. They were expected to develop their designs for three weeks based on the desk critics, express them through technical drawings, and provide a written explanation of how they integrated biophilic design principles. The midterm and final briefs, along with grading criteria, are illustrated in Fig. 4 .

Midterm and final briefs.

Additionally, although field trips were identified as a factor that could enhance student motivation and contribute to achieving the learning outcomes of the course, they could not be added to the course content due to financial constraints. Nonetheless, an exploration of a diminutive village distinguished by a plethora of biophilic attributes in the TRNC was undertaken in collaboration with two students from the course. The ensuing research findings were subsequently disseminated and made publicly accessible via the webpage hosted by the biophilic cities network (Özbey et al. 2023 ).

This section includes the results of qualitative and quantitative assessment surveys conducted at the beginning and end of the course. The findings in this section are broadly analyzed in the discussion section.

Pre-course expectations and motivations

A brief survey was administered to 27 enrolled students within the initial week of the course to measure their awareness and expectations concerning biophilic design, the course syllabus, and innovative learning methodologies. Furthermore, the delineation of a course syllabus was elucidated to students, and the impact of a student-contributed syllabus on enrolled students was examined. Out of the enrolled students, 25 participated in the survey, and the outcomes, encompassing their knowledge levels and application of biophilic design principles, have been consolidated in Fig. 5 .

Summary of pre-course survey (Biophilic design knowledge).

According to the table, participants’ familiarity with biophilic design varied across the terms “biophilia” and “biophilic design,” with a higher level of recognition for the former term than the latter. However, awareness of the “Six Principles of Biophilic Design” was notably lower, indicating a more diverse range of responses across the spectrum from familiarity to unfamiliarity with these principles. There’s a strong consensus among respondents that biophilic design should be integrated into interior design, particularly in emphasizing the importance of designs that amalgamate nature, humanity, and architecture. Participants largely acknowledge that the weakening of connections between nature and humanity can adversely affect human life. There’s substantial agreement on the positive impact of natural light and ventilation on health, success, and work productivity in spaces. The use of “plants” as a design element in interiors garners notable agreement, while the inclusion of a “water element” seems to have a mixed response.

When examining students’ expectations regarding course syllabus and innovative learning methods, a majority of respondents concur that the provided learning outcomes and resources exhibit direct relevance to the course. Furthermore, there is a prevailing consensus indicating that the assessment methods delineated in the syllabus maintain a sense of equilibrium. A significant majority of students express confidence in their ability to extrapolate and apply the course content to other academic subjects. The recognition of abundant opportunities for peer interaction, notably through group discussions and activities, is acknowledged by a substantial number of participants. Regarding familiarity with interactive learning tools such as Sli.do, Padlet, Kahoot, and similar platforms, respondents exhibit varying degrees of awareness and experience with these tools. A comprehensive summary of the distribution of students’ survey responses is outlined in Fig. 6 .

Summary of pre-course survey (evaluation, of course, syllabi, and innovative learning methods).

Post-course reflections and feedback

Feedback on the co-design process, learning environment, and their influence on student engagement.

Out of the 27 students attending the course, 23 voluntarily responded to the survey conducted at the end of the semester. When considering the effects of the student-contributed course syllabus and the interactive course format on student obligations, it becomes evident that students derive pleasure from the interactive format and perceive the course as a conducive space for engaging with their peers. Moreover, students found the short quizzes administered at the end of the course both enjoyable and beneficial. The evaluation methods, such as assignments, midterms, and finals determined based on the preferences of students enrolled in the class and who attended focus group sessions, have been deemed sufficient by a significant majority of students for assessing and presenting their knowledge. Additionally, students expressed enjoyment and perceived usefulness from the group activities and peer assessments conducted during the course. The responses of students regarding the co-design process and its impact on their engagement have been summarized in Fig. 7 .

The responses of students regarding the co-design process and its impact on their engagement.

Feedback on the biophilic design knowledge, learning outcomes, and course instructor

In the end-of-term evaluation survey responded to by 23 students, in addition to gathering insights on students’ perspectives concerning the course period and assessment methods, inquiries were also posed regarding their understanding of biophilic design concepts, perceptions of the course’s learning outcomes, and the instructor’s behavior during the class.

In the students’ end-of-term survey regarding biophilic design, a notable pattern emerges: the respondents consistently exhibit a significant degree of familiarity and comprehension spanning a wide range of biophilic design concepts. This pattern underscores a robust knowledge improvement within the surveyed group, showcasing a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of the biophilic design domain. According to the survey results, there is a high level of agreement regarding the awareness of specific terminologies associated with biophilic design. However, there are slight differences in the degree of familiarity with specific aspects of biophilic design. Additionally, a substantial majority expressed confidence in their capability to extrapolate and apply the course content to other academic disciplines. Furthermore, students conveyed a sense of acquiring substantial knowledge and awareness about biophilic design during the course, enabling them to engage in comprehensive discussions on the subject and confidently evaluate the built environment using biophilic design principles by the course’s conclusion. The participants’ responses regarding their knowledge of biophilic design have been summarized in Fig. 8 .

The responses of students regarding the biophilic design knowledge.

About the evaluation of learning outcomes and instructor’s performance, there was a notable consensus among respondents. Nineteen students strongly agreed, and four students agreed that the learning outcomes were intricately linked to the course content. Moreover, a significant majority of students strongly agreed or agreed that the course provided pertinent resources aligning with the subject matter. Notably, students exhibited high positivity towards the course instructor, indicating satisfaction and understanding in various aspects. They strongly agreed or agreed that the instructor’s explanations regarding assessment methods were lucid, demonstrating a clear grasp of evaluation criteria. Moreover, students found the instructor’s approach in the course to be fitting and the responses indicate a high level of endorsement for the course. Twenty respondents strongly agreed, while three respondents agreed that they would recommend the course to others. The responses related to students’ perceptions of learning outcomes, the instructor, and the overall quality of the course are presented in Fig. 9 for reference.

Evaluation of learning outcomes, instructor’s behavior, and course quality.

Findings from the student co-design process

In the context of IA/IAED teaching, the integration of student co-design processes into elective courses is not a deeply studied area. As mentioned in the introduction part, while there are several courses addressing biophilic design principles, there’s a noticeable gap in the literature regarding specific content and teaching methodologies employed in these courses. Therefore, this study not only delves into students’ perceptions and preferences but also aims to bridge this gap by showcasing how student input can enrich course content and delivery. The findings from the student co-design process provided valuable insights into various aspects of the course, including the students’ familiarity with biophilic design, their expectations for the elective course, their preferences for course activities and assessment methods, their views on effective teaching techniques, and the motivating factors driving their active engagement in the course. The majority preferred a practice-based course, indicating a desire for hands-on learning experiences. Additionally, suggestions for field trips, theory-based learning, online delivery, workshop sessions, multimedia, and flexible design options were also mentioned. These preferences highlight the importance of incorporating a variety of teaching methods and activities to cater to different learning styles and interests. The students’ preferences for course activities and assessment methods were also explored. Field trips, model-making assignments, discussion and debate sessions, and group work were suggested by the students. The majority of students found group work highly beneficial, while some expressed uncertainty. Peer evaluations were perceived as essential by a significant portion of students, although reservations were also expressed. End-of-course quizzes were valued by half of the students, but reservations were also present. These findings indicate the importance of incorporating a mix of individual and collaborative activities, as well as diverse assessment methods, to cater to the preferences and needs of the students. In terms of assessment type and selection preferences, project-based assignments and presentations were favored by the majority of students. Written assignments were also preferred by a significant portion of students, while research assignments were less favored. The students’ preferences for assignment types and their involvement in the selection process were also explored. The majority of students preferred to select their own assignment types, while some preferred a collective decision through group discussion. Only a small percentage believed that course instructors should determine the assignment types. These findings suggest that involving students in the assignment selection process can enhance their engagement and motivation. The students’ preferences for assessment methods were similar to their preferences for assignment types. Project-based assignments, presentations, and written assignments were the most preferred methods. Some students expressed a desire for a diverse array of assignments to be valued equally, while others had no specific preference. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating a variety of assessment methods to cater to the diverse preferences and strengths of the students. Based on the findings from the focus group study, interactive presentations, online quizzes, practical exercises, and peer evaluations were incorporated into the course. These strategies aimed to enhance student engagement, motivation, and collaborative learning. The findings from the student co-design process provided valuable insights into the students’ preferences, needs, and motivations, which were incorporated into the course structure. The incorporation of interactive and innovative teaching methods, diverse assessment methods, and opportunities for peer interaction aimed to enhance overall student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. Those preferences of the students including emphasis on interactive and innovative teaching methods, as well as opportunities for peer interaction and feedback, not only enhance student engagement and motivation but also reflect the changing educational environment in IA/IAED. By focusing on collaborative learning, student-centered methods, and incorporating real-world experiences into the curriculum by embracing the student co-design process, educators can create more dynamic and responsive learning environments that prepare students for the complexities and challenges of contemporary design practice.

Findings from student evaluations

Overall student satisfaction and engagement.

The findings from this study highlight the importance of incorporating diverse pedagogical strategies and technology tools to create engaging and inclusive learning environments for Gen Z learners. The recommendations provided for the course implementation, such as redesigning physical and non-classroom spaces, integrating active learning methodologies, fostering collaborative environments, and leveraging technology as mindtools, align with the preferences and motivations expressed by the students in this study. One of the key findings is the positive impact of interactive presentations prepared using Genially and Gamma. These tools facilitated engagement and were particularly appealing to the 5 of the students who identified the fluidity of course delivery as a significant motivator for participation. This suggests that incorporating interactive elements in presentations can enhance student engagement and motivation. To maintain interactivity and motivation throughout the course, quizzes were conducted using Quizizz. The inclusion of a 10-point bonus for the student with the highest quiz average throughout the semester further incentivized participation. The positive response from students indicates that gamification elements can enhance motivation and make the learning experience more enjoyable. Practical exercises conducted using Miro incorporated active learning strategies and fostered collaborative learning settings. This aligns with the recommendations for fostering collaborative environments, as students expressed a preference for group discussions and activities. The use of Miro allowed students to actively participate and contribute to each other’s ideas, further enhancing the collaborative learning experience. The findings also highlight the importance of considering potential issues when implementing certain assignment types. While the majority of students expressed a preference for being able to choose assignment types, concerns were raised about providing enough sources for each type of assignment and potential issues related to grades and comparisons among students. To address these concerns, the assignment types were determined by the course instructor, with student consultation for midterm and final assessments. This approach allowed for a balance between student preferences and practical considerations. The inclusion of peer evaluations in one of the assignments and the midterm presentation was well-received by students. Peer evaluations were identified as a utility by 8 of the students and were seen as a way to enhance motivation and interest in the course. The assignment incorporating peer assessment encouraged students to share their findings and contribute to each other’s ideas, fostering a collaborative learning environment. The positive response from students suggests that peer evaluations can be an effective tool for enhancing motivation and engagement. In the final assessment, students were given the opportunity to choose an area from project courses and develop their designs based on the principles of biophilic design. This aligns with the preferences expressed by 2 of the students for project submissions and integration with project or studio courses. By allowing students to apply their knowledge and skills to a real-world design project, the final assessment provided a meaningful and relevant learning experience. Although field trips were identified as a factor that could enhance student motivation and contribute to achieving the learning outcomes of the course, financial constraints prevented their inclusion in the course content. However, an exploration of a diminutive village with biophilic attributes was undertaken in collaboration with two students from the course. These research findings were disseminated and made publicly accessible, providing an alternative way for students to engage with real-world examples of biophilic design.

The survey results regarding students’ understanding of biophilic design concepts indicate a high level of familiarity and comprehension. The respondents consistently exhibited a significant degree of knowledge improvement, showcasing a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of biophilic design. This suggests that the course content and interactive learning methods were effective in enhancing students’ knowledge and awareness of biophilic design. The evaluation of learning outcomes and the instructor’s performance received a notable consensus among respondents. Students strongly agreed that the learning outcomes were intricately linked to the course content and that the course provided pertinent resources aligning with the subject matter. The high positivity towards the course instructor indicates satisfaction and understanding in various aspects, including the clarity of assessment methods and the instructor’s approach to the course. Overall, the findings from this study support the recommendations for a multifaceted approach that integrates technology, personalized coaching, gamification, and varied pedagogical strategies to create engaging, transformative, and inclusive learning environments for Gen Z learners. The incorporation of interactive presentations, quizzes, practical exercises, peer evaluations, and real-world design projects was well-received by students and contributed to their engagement, motivation, and knowledge improvement.

Impact of the course on biophilic design knowledge and skills

The analysis of students’ familiarity with the terms “biophilia” and “biophilic design” at the beginning and end of the term indicates a notable shift in their comprehension. At the start of the term, a majority of respondents were not acquainted with these terms, with a significant number either undecided or expressing disagreement with their familiarity. However, by the term’s conclusion, there was a remarkable increase in familiarity with both concepts. For “biophilia,” the number of respondents familiar with the term rose considerably, from 9 at the beginning to 23 by the term’s end, with no disagreement or uncertainty recorded at the conclusion. Similarly, for “biophilic design,” familiarity surged notably, with 22 respondents indicating acquaintance at the term’s end, compared to 10 at the outset. These shifts underscore a significant improvement in students’ understanding and awareness of these fundamental concepts related to biophilic design throughout the course duration. This finding is supported by the strong consensus among the respondents, with 21 students strongly agreeing and 2 agreeing that they feel confident in their understanding of biophilic design. This indicates that the course has effectively imparted the necessary information and concepts related to biophilic design, enabling students to engage in discussions about it with others. This is an important outcome, as it demonstrates that the students have not only acquired knowledge but also the ability to communicate and share their understanding of biophilic design with their peers and beyond. Furthermore, the majority of respondents also expressed confidence in their ability to assess the built environment using the principles of biophilic design. This finding is significant as it suggests that the course has not only provided theoretical knowledge but has also equipped students with practical skills to apply these principles in real-world scenarios. The high number of students who feel confident in their ability to evaluate environments based on biophilic principles indicates that they have developed a strong understanding of how to analyze and assess the built environment through the lens of biophilic design.

Implications for IA and IAED education

The insights derived from the student co-design process within the interior architecture course present a rich tapestry of students’ perspectives, expectations, and preferences, offering profound implications for the realm of interior design education. Student’s alignment of assessment method preferences with specific assignment types, notably favoring project-based tasks, presentations, and written assignments, underscores the need for a diverse array of evaluation techniques catering to varying student preferences and strengths. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating multifaceted assessment approaches to accommodate diverse student needs effectively. Leveraging the insights gleaned from focus group studies, the course structure was revamped to integrate interactive presentations, online quizzes, practical exercises, and peer evaluations, aiming to augment student engagement, motivation, and collaborative learning experiences. These adjustments reflect an alignment with students’ identified preferences and requirements, enhancing the overall pedagogical environment. In the realm of interior design education, these findings bear pivotal implications. The involvement of students in shaping course elements not only empowered their engagement but also streamlined the course content to meet their needs and motivations. The integration of interactive teaching methodologies, diverse assessment strategies, and avenues for peer interaction aimed to foster heightened student engagement, motivation, and ultimately, enriched learning outcomes within the IA and IAED curriculum. Moreover, the study’s broader implications resonate beyond the educational sphere. The students’ strong confidence in discussing biophilic design and applying it to varied contexts underscores the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in design education. Equipping students with transferable skills cultivates a comprehensive understanding of design principles, essential in the multifaceted domain of IA and IAED, where considerations encompass human well-being, spatial functionality, and environmental sustainability. The findings also suggest a potential cadre of competent professionals poised to advocate for and implement biophilic design principles within the industry. In conclusion, this study delineates the success of the course in imparting knowledge, nurturing critical thinking abilities, and enabling practical application of learning. Moving forward, it underscores the importance of continuous exploration and development of innovative teaching methodologies, advocating for immersive and experiential learning activities to enhance students’ grasp and application of biophilic design principles within the sphere of IA and education.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of an elective course, designed collaboratively with student contributions and integrated with innovative learning methodologies, focused on biophilic design for interior spaces. Addressing specific research questions, this study examined the preparation process of the course, the influence of innovative learning methods on student participation, and the enduring impact of the course.

First, the study assessed the curricula of IA/IAED programs in Turkey and TRNC and found a significant educational gap, which was also supported by literature (Doğan, 2021 ). Only one university offered a dedicated course (Galata University, starting from 2023 to 2024 Fall Semester) and a few as part of sustainability-related courses. Therefore, to improve the improved student awareness and confidence in understanding biophilic design, indicating effective education advancement and real-world application readiness a newly introduced elective course was offered.

Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate how effective a course structure designed by students was in enhancing the long-term retention of biophilic design knowledge in interior spaces. It drew from research advocating for student-driven content to increase engagement and commitment, focusing on creating a more interactive learning environment. The study emphasized collaborative learning methods, group work, presentations, project-based assignments, and peer interactions by involving students in designing the course syllabus and analyzing their expectations through group sessions. The student-influenced course structure received positive feedback from end-of-term surveys, with students expressing satisfaction and active engagement, particularly appreciating group activities, peer assessments, and interactive formats such as quizzes.

Lastly, the research investigated the specific hurdles encountered by instructors teaching elective courses primarily attended by students from Gen Z enrolled in IA or IAED programs. These challenges encompassed addressing short attention spans, tendencies towards multitasking, and the need for technical proficiency. To mitigate these challenges, the study proposed potential solutions, including incorporating frequent breaks, employing interactive teaching methodologies, and providing targeted, concise assignments tailored to accommodate the unique traits of Gen Z learners. The study underscores the importance of utilizing an interactive course format, highlighting the significance of diverse teaching methods and technology in effectively engaging Gen Z students. The recommendations put forward, such as promoting active learning, creating collaborative spaces, and integrating technological tools like Genially and Gamma, are aligned with the preferences of these students. The integration of interactive presentations and quizzes on platforms like Quizizz served to motivate active participation, while the use of Miro for exercises fostered collaborative learning, resonating with students’ preference for group engagement and discussions. These strategic approaches significantly elevated student engagement and contributed to cultivating an inclusive and enriching learning environment.

Lastly and significantly, summarizing the instructor’s observations and dialogs with students during the pilot course, the use of interactive materials and methods significantly contributed to students’ engagement levels. Student feedback reflects a positive reception towards the interactive quiz format, contrary to their anticipation of traditional or system-based exams, finding the interactive format enjoyable and engaging. Personal observations indicate that students, being accustomed to short quizzes at the end of classes, consciously ensure their phones are charged before class and quickly review their notes or discuss potential questions during breaks. Furthermore, the activities conducted on Miro transformed into templates and content used by students in midterms and finals. Students have taken peer evaluations seriously, demonstrating fairness in the assessment process. Notably, there is alignment observed between the instructor’s grading and the grades derived from peer evaluations, even among students who have reported personal issues. Some students have gone above expectations, opening additional subsections for thorough grading in peer evaluations. However, despite these positive aspects, the success achieved in midterms was not replicated in finals due to scheduling conflicts during the final exam period and students’ prioritization of mandatory courses. Despite being informed that desk critics before the final submission influence their final grades, only a minimal group actively participated in all critiques.

Conclusively, this research underscores the vital role of student-inclusive and innovative courses in addressing educational gaps, emphasizing the need for dedicated biophilic design education in IA or IAED programs. By fostering interactive learning and addressing Generation Z’s learning needs, tailored courses can significantly enhance engagement and knowledge acquisition. This study encourages the integration of innovative teaching methods to create inclusive and engaging learning environments in design education.

Limitations of the pilot study

Since the course was offered as a faculty elective course in Near East University for the 2022–23 Spring Semester, only the proposed pilot elective course attracted a total of 26 students in the Turkish section and 11 students in the English section. Out of these, only 20 students attended the Turkish course for the entire semester, while 7 students attended the English course consistently. The relatively small sample size and the imbalance between the two language sections may affect the generalizability of the findings. However, while the numbers do highlight a relatively small sample size and an imbalance between the two language sections, these factors might not entirely undermine the validity of the findings. The consistent attendance of 20 students in the Turkish section and 7 students in the English section throughout the semester might actually provide a focused understanding of how interactive activities impact a committed subset of students. Furthermore, while the sample size could restrict the application of these findings to a wider population, it does not invalidate the insights gained from this specific group. Other research studies, as highlighted by Fernandez-Antolin et al. ( 2021 ), have also utilized similar approaches with smaller student cohorts. These attendance figures could still offer meaningful qualitative data regarding the effectiveness of hands-on activities in engaging students within the context of this pilot elective course. Also, the lack of technological infrastructure in the classrooms constrained the effortless delivery of innovative learning methods by requiring rapid solutions for those issues and another limitation despite high demand for a class trip, logistical constraints, including insufficient public transportation and a lack of support from the university, prevented the planning and execution of the trip. Last but not least, during the final exams, clashes with mandatory courses and students’ prioritization of these compulsory subjects resulted in a lack of success in finals. The limited time and attention dedicated to the elective course due to conflicting schedules may have impacted students’ performance and hindered a comprehensive assessment of their understanding and application of biophilic design concepts.

Recommendations for further course development and research

To pave the way for future course enhancements and comprehensive research there are several recommendations gathered from this study.

First of all, the inclination of 12 students towards selecting their own assignment types, while acknowledged during focus study and surveys, raises concerns about potential issues like sourcing adequacy for diverse assignment types or apprehensions regarding mutual grading accountability and perceived workload disparities among peers. Consequently, for the pilot course, assignment types were structured by the instructor. Moreover, for mid-term and final evaluations, student consultation at the course outset, leading to consensus-based decisions, was adopted. However, a future course iteration might permit students to choose their assignment types, necessitating the formulation of an assessment methodology. Additionally, as a recommendation for future terms, setting clearer final expectations earlier in the semester might allow students more time to prepare for finals. However, integration issues with other courses could arise, and students, due to their workload, might still defer final preparations until the last weeks or, as an alternative solution, reduce the percentage weight of finals and emphasize greater participation and completion of assignments throughout the term is believed to elevate the overall success level of the course.

Secondly, ensuring the successful integration of student-contributed syllabi and innovative pedagogical methods warrants a focused inquiry into teacher training and support mechanisms. Investigating the efficacy of teacher training initiatives and devising strategies to augment educators’ proficiency in fostering student engagement and learning within these frameworks would be pivotal. Moreover, the incorporation of more qualitative research tools such as interviews or focus groups for post-course reflections and feedback might diversify the nuanced perspectives, experiences, and hurdles encountered by students regarding student-contributed syllabi and innovative learning methods and those pedagogical methodologies implemented in this course, could potentially find applicability in other elective courses across the academic spectrum.

Last but not least, based on the instructor’s observation, it is advisable specifically for the biophilic design course to customize this course for upper-year students majoring in Architecture, IA/IAED. This is because students in their 1st and 2nd years may have limited technical knowledge and project development skills. Also, over time, students can cultivate their interest in elective courses with specific content such as this one, thereby the application of the course material in their project courses or their professional lives easier. In addition, if this course is offered during the Semester when the weather conditions are more favorable, it could facilitate more interaction by conducting classes outdoors and organizing field trips more easily.

Data availability

The data is accessible through Dataverse https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/SFEGA5 .

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The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the NEU Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Ethics approval numbers: YDÜ/FB/2022/170 and YDÜ/FB/2023/193). All research was performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines of the NEU Scientific Research Ethics Committee.

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Özbey, F., Bardak Denerel, S. Student involvement and innovative teaching methods in a biophilic design education pilot elective course in interior architecture. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 11 , 1155 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03559-4

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03559-4

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Perm State Medical University Russia 2024-25: Fees, Ranking, Admission, Courses, Eligibility etc.

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�   Electrical Power and Engineering (Specialization: Management and information technologies in electrical engineering; Electromechanics)

�   Information and Communication Technologies and Communication Systems (Specialization: Communication networks and nodes and information distribution)

�   Management in Engineering Systems (Specializations: Information technologies in production process management; Distributed computer information and management systems; Service-oriented corporate management systems)

�   Automation of Engineering Processes and Industries (Specialization: Integrated industrial management systems)

�   Information Science and Computer Engineering (Specializations: Automation in business process and financial management; Intelligent systems; Distributed automated systems)

�   Information Security (Specialization: Complex information security systems)

�        POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES

There is currently a dynamic and diversified system in place at PNRPU for the training of academic personnel. It includes:

-       Doctorate;

-       Postgraduate studies;

-       Preparation of Doctoral and PhD dissertations;

-       Training for and conduction of PhD examinations;

-       Scientific training;

-       Dissertation councils.

PNRPU trains highly qualified personnel in 19 doctoral specialties and 62 specialties in postgraduate studies (in 11 scientific fields).

PhD and Doctoral dissertations are considered by the University dissertation councils.

PNRPU doctoral and postgraduate alumni go on to have successful careers at the University, scientific and educational institutions, in various fields of industry, culture, politics and business.

�        DOUBLE DEGREE PROGRAMMES

o    Bachelor’s degree: Management and Marketing Department, Faculty of Humanities, PNRPU + International Business Program, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Germany (in German);

o    Master’s degree: � Microprocessor Automation Technologies Department, Electrical Engineering Faculty, PNRPU + Information Management, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Germany (in English).