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The Ultimate Guide to Qualitative Research - Part 1: The Basics

• Introduction and overview
• What is qualitative research?
• What is qualitative data?
• Examples of qualitative data
• Qualitative vs. quantitative research
• Mixed methods
• Qualitative research preparation
• Theoretical perspective
• Theoretical framework
• Literature reviews

Research question

• Conceptual framework
• Conceptual vs. theoretical framework

Data collection

• Qualitative research methods
• Focus groups
• Observational research

What is a case study?

Applications for case study research, what is a good case study, process of case study design, benefits and limitations of case studies.

• Ethnographical research
• Ethical considerations
• Confidentiality and privacy
• Power dynamics
• Reflexivity

Case studies

Case studies are essential to qualitative research , offering a lens through which researchers can investigate complex phenomena within their real-life contexts. This chapter explores the concept, purpose, applications, examples, and types of case studies and provides guidance on how to conduct case study research effectively.

Whereas quantitative methods look at phenomena at scale, case study research looks at a concept or phenomenon in considerable detail. While analyzing a single case can help understand one perspective regarding the object of research inquiry, analyzing multiple cases can help obtain a more holistic sense of the topic or issue. Let's provide a basic definition of a case study, then explore its characteristics and role in the qualitative research process.

Definition of a case study

A case study in qualitative research is a strategy of inquiry that involves an in-depth investigation of a phenomenon within its real-world context. It provides researchers with the opportunity to acquire an in-depth understanding of intricate details that might not be as apparent or accessible through other methods of research. The specific case or cases being studied can be a single person, group, or organization – demarcating what constitutes a relevant case worth studying depends on the researcher and their research question .

Among qualitative research methods , a case study relies on multiple sources of evidence, such as documents, artifacts, interviews , or observations , to present a complete and nuanced understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. The objective is to illuminate the readers' understanding of the phenomenon beyond its abstract statistical or theoretical explanations.

Characteristics of case studies

Case studies typically possess a number of distinct characteristics that set them apart from other research methods. These characteristics include a focus on holistic description and explanation, flexibility in the design and data collection methods, reliance on multiple sources of evidence, and emphasis on the context in which the phenomenon occurs.

Furthermore, case studies can often involve a longitudinal examination of the case, meaning they study the case over a period of time. These characteristics allow case studies to yield comprehensive, in-depth, and richly contextualized insights about the phenomenon of interest.

The role of case studies in research

Case studies hold a unique position in the broader landscape of research methods aimed at theory development. They are instrumental when the primary research interest is to gain an intensive, detailed understanding of a phenomenon in its real-life context.

In addition, case studies can serve different purposes within research - they can be used for exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory purposes, depending on the research question and objectives. This flexibility and depth make case studies a valuable tool in the toolkit of qualitative researchers.

Remember, a well-conducted case study can offer a rich, insightful contribution to both academic and practical knowledge through theory development or theory verification, thus enhancing our understanding of complex phenomena in their real-world contexts.

What is the purpose of a case study?

Case study research aims for a more comprehensive understanding of phenomena, requiring various research methods to gather information for qualitative analysis . Ultimately, a case study can allow the researcher to gain insight into a particular object of inquiry and develop a theoretical framework relevant to the research inquiry.

Why use case studies in qualitative research?

Using case studies as a research strategy depends mainly on the nature of the research question and the researcher's access to the data.

Conducting case study research provides a level of detail and contextual richness that other research methods might not offer. They are beneficial when there's a need to understand complex social phenomena within their natural contexts.

The explanatory, exploratory, and descriptive roles of case studies

Case studies can take on various roles depending on the research objectives. They can be exploratory when the research aims to discover new phenomena or define new research questions; they are descriptive when the objective is to depict a phenomenon within its context in a detailed manner; and they can be explanatory if the goal is to understand specific relationships within the studied context. Thus, the versatility of case studies allows researchers to approach their topic from different angles, offering multiple ways to uncover and interpret the data .

The impact of case studies on knowledge development

Case studies play a significant role in knowledge development across various disciplines. Analysis of cases provides an avenue for researchers to explore phenomena within their context based on the collected data.

This can result in the production of rich, practical insights that can be instrumental in both theory-building and practice. Case studies allow researchers to delve into the intricacies and complexities of real-life situations, uncovering insights that might otherwise remain hidden.

Types of case studies

In qualitative research , a case study is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Depending on the nature of the research question and the specific objectives of the study, researchers might choose to use different types of case studies. These types differ in their focus, methodology, and the level of detail they provide about the phenomenon under investigation.

Understanding these types is crucial for selecting the most appropriate approach for your research project and effectively achieving your research goals. Let's briefly look at the main types of case studies.

Exploratory case studies

Exploratory case studies are typically conducted to develop a theory or framework around an understudied phenomenon. They can also serve as a precursor to a larger-scale research project. Exploratory case studies are useful when a researcher wants to identify the key issues or questions which can spur more extensive study or be used to develop propositions for further research. These case studies are characterized by flexibility, allowing researchers to explore various aspects of a phenomenon as they emerge, which can also form the foundation for subsequent studies.

Descriptive case studies

Descriptive case studies aim to provide a complete and accurate representation of a phenomenon or event within its context. These case studies are often based on an established theoretical framework, which guides how data is collected and analyzed. The researcher is concerned with describing the phenomenon in detail, as it occurs naturally, without trying to influence or manipulate it.

Explanatory case studies

Explanatory case studies are focused on explanation - they seek to clarify how or why certain phenomena occur. Often used in complex, real-life situations, they can be particularly valuable in clarifying causal relationships among concepts and understanding the interplay between different factors within a specific context.

Intrinsic, instrumental, and collective case studies

These three categories of case studies focus on the nature and purpose of the study. An intrinsic case study is conducted when a researcher has an inherent interest in the case itself. Instrumental case studies are employed when the case is used to provide insight into a particular issue or phenomenon. A collective case study, on the other hand, involves studying multiple cases simultaneously to investigate some general phenomena.

Each type of case study serves a different purpose and has its own strengths and challenges. The selection of the type should be guided by the research question and objectives, as well as the context and constraints of the research.

The flexibility, depth, and contextual richness offered by case studies make this approach an excellent research method for various fields of study. They enable researchers to investigate real-world phenomena within their specific contexts, capturing nuances that other research methods might miss. Across numerous fields, case studies provide valuable insights into complex issues.

Critical information systems research

Case studies provide a detailed understanding of the role and impact of information systems in different contexts. They offer a platform to explore how information systems are designed, implemented, and used and how they interact with various social, economic, and political factors. Case studies in this field often focus on examining the intricate relationship between technology, organizational processes, and user behavior, helping to uncover insights that can inform better system design and implementation.

Health research

Health research is another field where case studies are highly valuable. They offer a way to explore patient experiences, healthcare delivery processes, and the impact of various interventions in a real-world context.

Case studies can provide a deep understanding of a patient's journey, giving insights into the intricacies of disease progression, treatment effects, and the psychosocial aspects of health and illness.

Asthma research studies

Specifically within medical research, studies on asthma often employ case studies to explore the individual and environmental factors that influence asthma development, management, and outcomes. A case study can provide rich, detailed data about individual patients' experiences, from the triggers and symptoms they experience to the effectiveness of various management strategies. This can be crucial for developing patient-centered asthma care approaches.

Other fields

Apart from the fields mentioned, case studies are also extensively used in business and management research, education research, and political sciences, among many others. They provide an opportunity to delve into the intricacies of real-world situations, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of various phenomena.

Case studies, with their depth and contextual focus, offer unique insights across these varied fields. They allow researchers to illuminate the complexities of real-life situations, contributing to both theory and practice.

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Understanding the key elements of case study design is crucial for conducting rigorous and impactful case study research. A well-structured design guides the researcher through the process, ensuring that the study is methodologically sound and its findings are reliable and valid. The main elements of case study design include the research question , propositions, units of analysis, and the logic linking the data to the propositions.

The research question is the foundation of any research study. A good research question guides the direction of the study and informs the selection of the case, the methods of collecting data, and the analysis techniques. A well-formulated research question in case study research is typically clear, focused, and complex enough to merit further detailed examination of the relevant case(s).

Propositions

Propositions, though not necessary in every case study, provide a direction by stating what we might expect to find in the data collected. They guide how data is collected and analyzed by helping researchers focus on specific aspects of the case. They are particularly important in explanatory case studies, which seek to understand the relationships among concepts within the studied phenomenon.

Units of analysis

The unit of analysis refers to the case, or the main entity or entities that are being analyzed in the study. In case study research, the unit of analysis can be an individual, a group, an organization, a decision, an event, or even a time period. It's crucial to clearly define the unit of analysis, as it shapes the qualitative data analysis process by allowing the researcher to analyze a particular case and synthesize analysis across multiple case studies to draw conclusions.

Argumentation

This refers to the inferential model that allows researchers to draw conclusions from the data. The researcher needs to ensure that there is a clear link between the data, the propositions (if any), and the conclusions drawn. This argumentation is what enables the researcher to make valid and credible inferences about the phenomenon under study.

Understanding and carefully considering these elements in the design phase of a case study can significantly enhance the quality of the research. It can help ensure that the study is methodologically sound and its findings contribute meaningful insights about the case.

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Conducting a case study involves several steps, from defining the research question and selecting the case to collecting and analyzing data . This section outlines these key stages, providing a practical guide on how to conduct case study research.

Defining the research question

The first step in case study research is defining a clear, focused research question. This question should guide the entire research process, from case selection to analysis. It's crucial to ensure that the research question is suitable for a case study approach. Typically, such questions are exploratory or descriptive in nature and focus on understanding a phenomenon within its real-life context.

Selecting and defining the case

The selection of the case should be based on the research question and the objectives of the study. It involves choosing a unique example or a set of examples that provide rich, in-depth data about the phenomenon under investigation. After selecting the case, it's crucial to define it clearly, setting the boundaries of the case, including the time period and the specific context.

Previous research can help guide the case study design. When considering a case study, an example of a case could be taken from previous case study research and used to define cases in a new research inquiry. Considering recently published examples can help understand how to select and define cases effectively.

Developing a detailed case study protocol

A case study protocol outlines the procedures and general rules to be followed during the case study. This includes the data collection methods to be used, the sources of data, and the procedures for analysis. Having a detailed case study protocol ensures consistency and reliability in the study.

The protocol should also consider how to work with the people involved in the research context to grant the research team access to collecting data. As mentioned in previous sections of this guide, establishing rapport is an essential component of qualitative research as it shapes the overall potential for collecting and analyzing data.

Collecting data

Gathering data in case study research often involves multiple sources of evidence, including documents, archival records, interviews, observations, and physical artifacts. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the case. The process for gathering data should be systematic and carefully documented to ensure the reliability and validity of the study.

Analyzing and interpreting data

The next step is analyzing the data. This involves organizing the data , categorizing it into themes or patterns , and interpreting these patterns to answer the research question. The analysis might also involve comparing the findings with prior research or theoretical propositions.

Writing the case study report

The final step is writing the case study report . This should provide a detailed description of the case, the data, the analysis process, and the findings. The report should be clear, organized, and carefully written to ensure that the reader can understand the case and the conclusions drawn from it.

Each of these steps is crucial in ensuring that the case study research is rigorous, reliable, and provides valuable insights about the case.

The type, depth, and quality of data in your study can significantly influence the validity and utility of the study. In case study research, data is usually collected from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the case. This section will outline the various methods of collecting data used in case study research and discuss considerations for ensuring the quality of the data.

Interviews are a common method of gathering data in case study research. They can provide rich, in-depth data about the perspectives, experiences, and interpretations of the individuals involved in the case. Interviews can be structured , semi-structured , or unstructured , depending on the research question and the degree of flexibility needed.

Observations

Observations involve the researcher observing the case in its natural setting, providing first-hand information about the case and its context. Observations can provide data that might not be revealed in interviews or documents, such as non-verbal cues or contextual information.

Documents and artifacts

Documents and archival records provide a valuable source of data in case study research. They can include reports, letters, memos, meeting minutes, email correspondence, and various public and private documents related to the case.

These records can provide historical context, corroborate evidence from other sources, and offer insights into the case that might not be apparent from interviews or observations.

Physical artifacts refer to any physical evidence related to the case, such as tools, products, or physical environments. These artifacts can provide tangible insights into the case, complementing the data gathered from other sources.

Ensuring the quality of data collection

Determining the quality of data in case study research requires careful planning and execution. It's crucial to ensure that the data is reliable, accurate, and relevant to the research question. This involves selecting appropriate methods of collecting data, properly training interviewers or observers, and systematically recording and storing the data. It also includes considering ethical issues related to collecting and handling data, such as obtaining informed consent and ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of the participants.

Data analysis

Analyzing case study research involves making sense of the rich, detailed data to answer the research question. This process can be challenging due to the volume and complexity of case study data. However, a systematic and rigorous approach to analysis can ensure that the findings are credible and meaningful. This section outlines the main steps and considerations in analyzing data in case study research.

Organizing the data

The first step in the analysis is organizing the data. This involves sorting the data into manageable sections, often according to the data source or the theme. This step can also involve transcribing interviews, digitizing physical artifacts, or organizing observational data.

Categorizing and coding the data

Once the data is organized, the next step is to categorize or code the data. This involves identifying common themes, patterns, or concepts in the data and assigning codes to relevant data segments. Coding can be done manually or with the help of software tools, and in either case, qualitative analysis software can greatly facilitate the entire coding process. Coding helps to reduce the data to a set of themes or categories that can be more easily analyzed.

Identifying patterns and themes

After coding the data, the researcher looks for patterns or themes in the coded data. This involves comparing and contrasting the codes and looking for relationships or patterns among them. The identified patterns and themes should help answer the research question.

Interpreting the data

Once patterns and themes have been identified, the next step is to interpret these findings. This involves explaining what the patterns or themes mean in the context of the research question and the case. This interpretation should be grounded in the data, but it can also involve drawing on theoretical concepts or prior research.

Verification of the data

The last step in the analysis is verification. This involves checking the accuracy and consistency of the analysis process and confirming that the findings are supported by the data. This can involve re-checking the original data, checking the consistency of codes, or seeking feedback from research participants or peers.

Like any research method , case study research has its strengths and limitations. Researchers must be aware of these, as they can influence the design, conduct, and interpretation of the study.

Understanding the strengths and limitations of case study research can also guide researchers in deciding whether this approach is suitable for their research question . This section outlines some of the key strengths and limitations of case study research.

Benefits include the following:

• Rich, detailed data: One of the main strengths of case study research is that it can generate rich, detailed data about the case. This can provide a deep understanding of the case and its context, which can be valuable in exploring complex phenomena.
• Flexibility: Case study research is flexible in terms of design , data collection , and analysis . A sufficient degree of flexibility allows the researcher to adapt the study according to the case and the emerging findings.
• Real-world context: Case study research involves studying the case in its real-world context, which can provide valuable insights into the interplay between the case and its context.
• Multiple sources of evidence: Case study research often involves collecting data from multiple sources , which can enhance the robustness and validity of the findings.

On the other hand, researchers should consider the following limitations:

• Generalizability: A common criticism of case study research is that its findings might not be generalizable to other cases due to the specificity and uniqueness of each case.
• Time and resource intensive: Case study research can be time and resource intensive due to the depth of the investigation and the amount of collected data.
• Complexity of analysis: The rich, detailed data generated in case study research can make analyzing the data challenging.
• Subjectivity: Given the nature of case study research, there may be a higher degree of subjectivity in interpreting the data , so researchers need to reflect on this and transparently convey to audiences how the research was conducted.

Being aware of these strengths and limitations can help researchers design and conduct case study research effectively and interpret and report the findings appropriately.

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How to write a case study — examples, templates, and tools

It’s a marketer’s job to communicate the effectiveness of a product or service to potential and current customers to convince them to buy and keep business moving. One of the best methods for doing this is to share success stories that are relatable to prospects and customers based on their pain points, experiences, and overall needs.

That’s where case studies come in. Case studies are an essential part of a content marketing plan. These in-depth stories of customer experiences are some of the most effective at demonstrating the value of a product or service. Yet many marketers don’t use them, whether because of their regimented formats or the process of customer involvement and approval.

A case study is a powerful tool for showcasing your hard work and the success your customer achieved. But writing a great case study can be difficult if you’ve never done it before or if it’s been a while. This guide will show you how to write an effective case study and provide real-world examples and templates that will keep readers engaged and support your business.

In this article, you’ll learn:

What is a case study?

How to write a case study, case study templates, case study examples, case study tools.

A case study is the detailed story of a customer’s experience with a product or service that demonstrates their success and often includes measurable outcomes. Case studies are used in a range of fields and for various reasons, from business to academic research. They’re especially impactful in marketing as brands work to convince and convert consumers with relatable, real-world stories of actual customer experiences.

The best case studies tell the story of a customer’s success, including the steps they took, the results they achieved, and the support they received from a brand along the way. To write a great case study, you need to:

• Celebrate the customer and make them — not a product or service — the star of the story.
• Craft the story with specific audiences or target segments in mind so that the story of one customer will be viewed as relatable and actionable for another customer.
• Write copy that is easy to read and engaging so that readers will gain the insights and messages intended.
• Follow a standardized format that includes all of the essentials a potential customer would find interesting and useful.
• Support all of the claims for success made in the story with data in the forms of hard numbers and customer statements.

Case studies are a type of review but more in depth, aiming to show — rather than just tell — the positive experiences that customers have with a brand. Notably, 89% of consumers read reviews before deciding to buy, and 79% view case study content as part of their purchasing process. When it comes to B2B sales, 52% of buyers rank case studies as an important part of their evaluation process.

Telling a brand story through the experience of a tried-and-true customer matters. The story is relatable to potential new customers as they imagine themselves in the shoes of the company or individual featured in the case study. Showcasing previous customers can help new ones see themselves engaging with your brand in the ways that are most meaningful to them.

Besides sharing the perspective of another customer, case studies stand out from other content marketing forms because they are based on evidence. Whether pulling from client testimonials or data-driven results, case studies tend to have more impact on new business because the story contains information that is both objective (data) and subjective (customer experience) — and the brand doesn’t sound too self-promotional.

Case studies are unique in that there’s a fairly standardized format for telling a customer’s story. But that doesn’t mean there isn’t room for creativity. It’s all about making sure that teams are clear on the goals for the case study — along with strategies for supporting content and channels — and understanding how the story fits within the framework of the company’s overall marketing goals.

Here are the basic steps to writing a good case study.

1. Identify your goal

Start by defining exactly who your case study will be designed to help. Case studies are about specific instances where a company works with a customer to achieve a goal. Identify which customers are likely to have these goals, as well as other needs the story should cover to appeal to them.

The answer is often found in one of the buyer personas that have been constructed as part of your larger marketing strategy. This can include anything from new leads generated by the marketing team to long-term customers that are being pressed for cross-sell opportunities. In all of these cases, demonstrating value through a relatable customer success story can be part of the solution to conversion.

2. Choose your client or subject

Who you highlight matters. Case studies tie brands together that might otherwise not cross paths. A writer will want to ensure that the highlighted customer aligns with their own company’s brand identity and offerings. Look for a customer with positive name recognition who has had great success with a product or service and is willing to be an advocate.

The client should also match up with the identified target audience. Whichever company or individual is selected should be a reflection of other potential customers who can see themselves in similar circumstances, having the same problems and possible solutions.

Some of the most compelling case studies feature customers who:

• Switch from one product or service to another while naming competitors that missed the mark.
• Experience measurable results that are relatable to others in a specific industry.
• Represent well-known brands and recognizable names that are likely to compel action.
• Advocate for a product or service as a champion and are well-versed in its advantages.

Whoever or whatever customer is selected, marketers must ensure they have the permission of the company involved before getting started. Some brands have strict review and approval procedures for any official marketing or promotional materials that include their name. Acquiring those approvals in advance will prevent any miscommunication or wasted effort if there is an issue with their legal or compliance teams.

3. Conduct research and compile data

Substantiating the claims made in a case study — either by the marketing team or customers themselves — adds validity to the story. To do this, include data and feedback from the client that defines what success looks like. This can be anything from demonstrating return on investment (ROI) to a specific metric the customer was striving to improve. Case studies should prove how an outcome was achieved and show tangible results that indicate to the customer that your solution is the right one.

This step could also include customer interviews. Make sure that the people being interviewed are key stakeholders in the purchase decision or deployment and use of the product or service that is being highlighted. Content writers should work off a set list of questions prepared in advance. It can be helpful to share these with the interviewees beforehand so they have time to consider and craft their responses. One of the best interview tactics to keep in mind is to ask questions where yes and no are not natural answers. This way, your subject will provide more open-ended responses that produce more meaningful content.

4. Choose the right format

There are a number of different ways to format a case study. Depending on what you hope to achieve, one style will be better than another. However, there are some common elements to include, such as:

• An engaging headline
• A subject and customer introduction
• The unique challenge or challenges the customer faced
• The solution the customer used to solve the problem
• The results achieved
• Data and statistics to back up claims of success
• A strong call to action (CTA) to engage with the vendor

It’s also important to note that while case studies are traditionally written as stories, they don’t have to be in a written format. Some companies choose to get more creative with their case studies and produce multimedia content, depending on their audience and objectives. Case study formats can include traditional print stories, interactive web or social content, data-heavy infographics, professionally shot videos, podcasts, and more.

5. Write your case study

We’ll go into more detail later about how exactly to write a case study, including templates and examples. Generally speaking, though, there are a few things to keep in mind when writing your case study.

• Be clear and concise. Readers want to get to the point of the story quickly and easily, and they’ll be looking to see themselves reflected in the story right from the start.
• Provide a big picture. Always make sure to explain who the client is, their goals, and how they achieved success in a short introduction to engage the reader.
• Construct a clear narrative. Stick to the story from the perspective of the customer and what they needed to solve instead of just listing product features or benefits.
• Leverage graphics. Incorporating infographics, charts, and sidebars can be a more engaging and eye-catching way to share key statistics and data in readable ways.
• Offer the right amount of detail. Most case studies are one or two pages with clear sections that a reader can skim to find the information most important to them.
• Include data to support claims. Show real results — both facts and figures and customer quotes — to demonstrate credibility and prove the solution works.

6. Promote your story

Marketers have a number of options for distribution of a freshly minted case study. Many brands choose to publish case studies on their website and post them on social media. This can help support SEO and organic content strategies while also boosting company credibility and trust as visitors see that other businesses have used the product or service.

Marketers are always looking for quality content they can use for lead generation. Consider offering a case study as gated content behind a form on a landing page or as an offer in an email message. One great way to do this is to summarize the content and tease the full story available for download after the user takes an action.

Sales teams can also leverage case studies, so be sure they are aware that the assets exist once they’re published. Especially when it comes to larger B2B sales, companies often ask for examples of similar customer challenges that have been solved.

Now that you’ve learned a bit about case studies and what they should include, you may be wondering how to start creating great customer story content. Here are a couple of templates you can use to structure your case study.

Template 1 — Challenge-solution-result format

• Start with an engaging title. This should be fewer than 70 characters long for SEO best practices. One of the best ways to approach the title is to include the customer’s name and a hint at the challenge they overcame in the end.
• Create an introduction. Lead with an explanation as to who the customer is, the need they had, and the opportunity they found with a specific product or solution. Writers can also suggest the success the customer experienced with the solution they chose.
• Present the challenge. This should be several paragraphs long and explain the problem the customer faced and the issues they were trying to solve. Details should tie into the company’s products and services naturally. This section needs to be the most relatable to the reader so they can picture themselves in a similar situation.
• Share the solution. Explain which product or service offered was the ideal fit for the customer and why. Feel free to delve into their experience setting up, purchasing, and onboarding the solution.
• Explain the results. Demonstrate the impact of the solution they chose by backing up their positive experience with data. Fill in with customer quotes and tangible, measurable results that show the effect of their choice.
• Ask for action. Include a CTA at the end of the case study that invites readers to reach out for more information, try a demo, or learn more — to nurture them further in the marketing pipeline. What you ask of the reader should tie directly into the goals that were established for the case study in the first place.

Template 2 — Data-driven format

• Start with an engaging title. Be sure to include a statistic or data point in the first 70 characters. Again, it’s best to include the customer’s name as part of the title.
• Create an overview. Share the customer’s background and a short version of the challenge they faced. Present the reason a particular product or service was chosen, and feel free to include quotes from the customer about their selection process.
• Present data point 1. Isolate the first metric that the customer used to define success and explain how the product or solution helped to achieve this goal. Provide data points and quotes to substantiate the claim that success was achieved.
• Present data point 2. Isolate the second metric that the customer used to define success and explain what the product or solution did to achieve this goal. Provide data points and quotes to substantiate the claim that success was achieved.
• Present data point 3. Isolate the final metric that the customer used to define success and explain what the product or solution did to achieve this goal. Provide data points and quotes to substantiate the claim that success was achieved.
• Summarize the results. Reiterate the fact that the customer was able to achieve success thanks to a specific product or service. Include quotes and statements that reflect customer satisfaction and suggest they plan to continue using the solution.
• Ask for action. Include a CTA at the end of the case study that asks readers to reach out for more information, try a demo, or learn more — to further nurture them in the marketing pipeline. Again, remember that this is where marketers can look to convert their content into action with the customer.

While templates are helpful, seeing a case study in action can also be a great way to learn. Here are some examples of how Adobe customers have experienced success.

Juniper Networks

One example is the Adobe and Juniper Networks case study , which puts the reader in the customer’s shoes. The beginning of the story quickly orients the reader so that they know exactly who the article is about and what they were trying to achieve. Solutions are outlined in a way that shows Adobe Experience Manager is the best choice and a natural fit for the customer. Along the way, quotes from the client are incorporated to help add validity to the statements. The results in the case study are conveyed with clear evidence of scale and volume using tangible data.

The story of Lenovo’s journey with Adobe is one that spans years of planning, implementation, and rollout. The Lenovo case study does a great job of consolidating all of this into a relatable journey that other enterprise organizations can see themselves taking, despite the project size. This case study also features descriptive headers and compelling visual elements that engage the reader and strengthen the content.

Tata Consulting

When it comes to using data to show customer results, this case study does an excellent job of conveying details and numbers in an easy-to-digest manner. Bullet points at the start break up the content while also helping the reader understand exactly what the case study will be about. Tata Consulting used Adobe to deliver elevated, engaging content experiences for a large telecommunications client of its own — an objective that’s relatable for a lot of companies.

Case studies are a vital tool for any marketing team as they enable you to demonstrate the value of your company’s products and services to others. They help marketers do their job and add credibility to a brand trying to promote its solutions by using the experiences and stories of real customers.

When you’re ready to get started with a case study:

• Think about a few goals you’d like to accomplish with your content.
• Make a list of successful clients that would be strong candidates for a case study.
• Reach out to the client to get their approval and conduct an interview.
• Gather the data to present an engaging and effective customer story.

Adobe can help

There are several Adobe products that can help you craft compelling case studies. Adobe Experience Platform helps you collect data and deliver great customer experiences across every channel. Once you’ve created your case studies, Experience Platform will help you deliver the right information to the right customer at the right time for maximum impact.

To learn more, watch the Adobe Experience Platform story .

Keep in mind that the best case studies are backed by data. That’s where Adobe Real-Time Customer Data Platform and Adobe Analytics come into play. With Real-Time CDP, you can gather the data you need to build a great case study and target specific customers to deliver the content to the right audience at the perfect moment.

Watch the Real-Time CDP overview video to learn more.

Finally, Adobe Analytics turns real-time data into real-time insights. It helps your business collect and synthesize data from multiple platforms to make more informed decisions and create the best case study possible.

Request a demo to learn more about Adobe Analytics.

https://business.adobe.com/blog/perspectives/b2b-ecommerce-10-case-studies-inspire-you

https://business.adobe.com/blog/basics/business-case

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Coursera description.

To maximize their effectiveness, color cases should be printed in color.By providing free and open-access online courses at a large scale, Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platforms seek to innovate the business models of the traditional higher education industry. In a little over a year, Coursera had grown at a rapid rate to emerge as a leader of the MOOCs in terms of the number of student enrollments, courses, and partners. The case examines two aspects of these developments in the industry: (1) What choices did Coursera make that enabled it to grow so quickly? (2) In what ways did Coursera's success impact the success of its competitors, Udacity and edX? Would one player naturally come to dominate the industry, and if so, what choices should Coursera make to retain its market positioning?

Case Description Coursera

Strategic managment tools used in case study analysis of coursera, step 1. problem identification in coursera case study, step 2. external environment analysis - pestel / pest / step analysis of coursera case study, step 3. industry specific / porter five forces analysis of coursera case study, step 4. evaluating alternatives / swot analysis of coursera case study, step 5. porter value chain analysis / vrio / vrin analysis coursera case study, step 6. recommendations coursera case study, step 7. basis of recommendations for coursera case study, quality & on time delivery.

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Case Analysis of Coursera

Coursera is a Harvard Business (HBR) Case Study on Strategy & Execution , Texas Business School provides HBR case study assignment help for just $9. Texas Business School(TBS) case study solution is based on HBR Case Study Method framework, TBS expertise & global insights. Coursera is designed and drafted in a manner to allow the HBR case study reader to analyze a real-world problem by putting reader into the position of the decision maker. Coursera case study will help professionals, MBA, EMBA, and leaders to develop a broad and clear understanding of casecategory challenges. Coursera will also provide insight into areas such as – wordlist , strategy, leadership, sales and marketing, and negotiations.

Case Study Solutions Background Work

Coursera case study solution is focused on solving the strategic and operational challenges the protagonist of the case is facing. The challenges involve – evaluation of strategic options, key role of Strategy & Execution, leadership qualities of the protagonist, and dynamics of the external environment. The challenge in front of the protagonist, of Coursera, is to not only build a competitive position of the organization but also to sustain it over a period of time.

Strategic Management Tools Used in Case Study Solution

The Coursera case study solution requires the MBA, EMBA, executive, professional to have a deep understanding of various strategic management tools such as SWOT Analysis, PESTEL Analysis / PEST Analysis / STEP Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, Go To Market Strategy, BCG Matrix Analysis, Porter Value Chain Analysis, Ansoff Matrix Analysis, VRIO / VRIN and Marketing Mix Analysis.

Texas Business School Approach to Strategy & Execution Solutions

In the Texas Business School, Coursera case study solution – following strategic tools are used - SWOT Analysis, PESTEL Analysis / PEST Analysis / STEP Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, Go To Market Strategy, BCG Matrix Analysis, Porter Value Chain Analysis, Ansoff Matrix Analysis, VRIO / VRIN and Marketing Mix Analysis. We have additionally used the concept of supply chain management and leadership framework to build a comprehensive case study solution for the case – Coursera

Step 1 – Problem Identification of Coursera - Harvard Business School Case Study

The first step to solve HBR Coursera case study solution is to identify the problem present in the case. The problem statement of the case is provided in the beginning of the case where the protagonist is contemplating various options in the face of numerous challenges that Coursera Coursera's is facing right now. Even though the problem statement is essentially – “Strategy & Execution” challenge but it has impacted by others factors such as communication in the organization, uncertainty in the external environment, leadership in Coursera Coursera's, style of leadership and organization structure, marketing and sales, organizational behavior, strategy, internal politics, stakeholders priorities and more.

Step 2 – External Environment Analysis

Texas Business School approach of case study analysis – Conclusion, Reasons, Evidences - provides a framework to analyze every HBR case study. It requires conducting robust external environmental analysis to decipher evidences for the reasons presented in the Coursera. The external environment analysis of Coursera will ensure that we are keeping a tab on the macro-environment factors that are directly and indirectly impacting the business of the firm.

What is PESTEL Analysis? Briefly Explained

PESTEL stands for political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors that impact the external environment of firm in Coursera case study. PESTEL analysis of " Coursera" can help us understand why the organization is performing badly, what are the factors in the external environment that are impacting the performance of the organization, and how the organization can either manage or mitigate the impact of these external factors.

How to do PESTEL / PEST / STEP Analysis? What are the components of PESTEL Analysis?

As mentioned above PESTEL Analysis has six elements – political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal. All the six elements are explained in context with Coursera macro-environment and how it impacts the businesses of the firm.

How to do PESTEL Analysis for Coursera

To do comprehensive PESTEL analysis of case study – Coursera , we have researched numerous components under the six factors of PESTEL analysis.

Political Factors that Impact Coursera

Political factors impact seven key decision making areas – economic environment, socio-cultural environment, rate of innovation & investment in research & development, environmental laws, legal requirements, and acceptance of new technologies.

Government policies have significant impact on the business environment of any country. The firm in “ Coursera ” needs to navigate these policy decisions to create either an edge for itself or reduce the negative impact of the policy as far as possible.

Data safety laws – The countries in which Coursera Coursera's is operating, firms are required to store customer data within the premises of the country. Coursera Coursera's needs to restructure its IT policies to accommodate these changes. In the EU countries, firms are required to make special provision for privacy issues and other laws.

Competition Regulations – Numerous countries have strong competition laws both regarding the monopoly conditions and day to day fair business practices. Coursera has numerous instances where the competition regulations aspects can be scrutinized.

Import restrictions on products – Before entering the new market, Coursera Coursera's in case study Coursera" should look into the import restrictions that may be present in the prospective market.

Export restrictions on products – Apart from direct product export restrictions in field of technology and agriculture, a number of countries also have capital controls. Coursera Coursera's in case study “ Coursera ” should look into these export restrictions policies.

Foreign Direct Investment Policies – Government policies favors local companies over international policies, Coursera Coursera's in case study “ Coursera ” should understand in minute details regarding the Foreign Direct Investment policies of the prospective market.

Corporate Taxes – The rate of taxes is often used by governments to lure foreign direct investments or increase domestic investment in a certain sector. Corporate taxation can be divided into two categories – taxes on profits and taxes on operations. Taxes on profits number is important for companies that already have a sustainable business model, while taxes on operations is far more significant for companies that are looking to set up new plants or operations.

Tariffs – Chekout how much tariffs the firm needs to pay in the “ Coursera ” case study. The level of tariffs will determine the viability of the business model that the firm is contemplating. If the tariffs are high then it will be extremely difficult to compete with the local competitors. But if the tariffs are between 5-10% then Coursera Coursera's can compete against other competitors.

Research and Development Subsidies and Policies – Governments often provide tax breaks and other incentives for companies to innovate in various sectors of priority. Managers at Coursera case study have to assess whether their business can benefit from such government assistance and subsidies.

Consumer protection – Different countries have different consumer protection laws. Managers need to clarify not only the consumer protection laws in advance but also legal implications if the firm fails to meet any of them.

Political System and Its Implications – Different political systems have different approach to free market and entrepreneurship. Managers need to assess these factors even before entering the market.

Freedom of Press is critical for fair trade and transparency. Countries where freedom of press is not prevalent there are high chances of both political and commercial corruption.

Corruption level – Coursera Coursera's needs to assess the level of corruptions both at the official level and at the market level, even before entering a new market. To tackle the menace of corruption – a firm should have a clear SOP that provides managers at each level what to do when they encounter instances of either systematic corruption or bureaucrats looking to take bribes from the firm.

Independence of judiciary – It is critical for fair business practices. If a country doesn’t have independent judiciary then there is no point entry into such a country for business.

Government attitude towards trade unions – Different political systems and government have different attitude towards trade unions and collective bargaining. The firm needs to assess – its comfort dealing with the unions and regulations regarding unions in a given market or industry. If both are on the same page then it makes sense to enter, otherwise it doesn’t.

Economic Factors that Impact Coursera

Social factors that impact coursera, technological factors that impact coursera, environmental factors that impact coursera, legal factors that impact coursera, step 3 – industry specific analysis, what is porter five forces analysis, step 4 – swot analysis / internal environment analysis, step 5 – porter value chain / vrio / vrin analysis, step 6 – evaluating alternatives & recommendations, step 7 – basis for recommendations, references :: coursera case study solution.

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Course 6 – Responsive Web Design in Adobe XD

Week 6: document design work and search for jobs, google ux design professional certificate, coursera study guide, table of content, test your knowledge on handing off designs, test your knowledge on portfolio case studies, weekly challenge 6: document design work and search for jobs.

With your responsive website designs complete, you’ll be ready to share your work with others. To start, you’ll learn how to prepare and handoff designs to engineers, who will build the final product. You’ll also add a case study to your professional UX portfolio featuring your responsive website designs. Then, you’ll pivot to focus on your big picture goal: getting a job as a UX designer. You’ll learn tips and tricks to scan job postings, and you’ll create a compelling resume that highlights your new UX skills.

Learning Objectives

• Annotate and document designs for hand off to engineers
• Explain the benefits and parts of a portfolio case study
• Add a case study with website designs to a portfolio
• [Optional] Summarize the professional goals and interests that motivate job searches and explore job opportunities
• [Optional] Highlight key words and requirements from example job descriptions
• [Optional] Draft a resume to highlight UX design accomplishments

1. When building websites, what type of team members are crucial in building the UX team’s vision? Select all that apply.

• Program manager
• Data scientist
• Back-end (CORRECT)
• Front-end (CORRECT)

Correct: Back-end developers write code for the website’s architecture and data storage or retrieval, which is based on the UX sitemap and functionality. They play a crucial role in making a website possible. Fast load times are a result of good back-end development! UX designers also work with front-end developers. They create websites by writing code for all the user-facing interfaces.

Correct: Also known as web developers, front-end developers work with UX designers to create websites by writing code for all the user-facing interfaces. In other words, they create the functionality that users interact with on a website. UX designers also work with back-end developers. They write code for the website’s architecture and data storage or retrieval, which is based on the UX sitemap and functionality.

2. Fill in the blank: Designers provide mockups, prototypes, and ____ so the engineering team can begin the coding process.

• research reports
• case studies
• specifications (CORRECT)

Correct: Designers provide mockups, prototypes, and specifications, so the engineering team can begin the coding process.

3. How does a designer determine when their designs are final before sending them off to the engineering team?

• As long as design specifications have been finalized, then it’s ready to be delivered to the engineering team.
• If the designs are true representations of the intended user experience, assets are finalized, and users are able to interact with the designs without external guidance, then it’s ready for the engineering team. (CORRECT)
• If the design passes usability studies and participants seem mostly satisfied with the design, then it’s ready to be delivered to the engineering team.
• As long as assets have been finalized and the designer believes the product looks good, then it’s ready for the engineering team.

Correct: Are the designs a true representation of the intended user experience? Have placeholder texts, icons, and images been replaced with finalized assets? Are users able to interact with a design without external guidance? If you can answer “yes” to all three, then the designs are ready.

1. What are the typical components of a case study? Select all that apply.

• Usability study participant profiles
• Outcome of the project (CORRECT)
• Project goal and objectives (CORRECT)
• Designer’s role in the project (CORRECT)
• Process the team followed (CORRECT)

Correct: A project’s goal and objectives, the designer’s role, the team’s process, and the project’s outcome are typically included in a case study.

2. Fill in the blank: You complete a case study on your latest design project and add it to your portfolio. You should present your case study in a clear and _____ way to tell recruiters what they need to know as quickly and efficiently as possible.

• Concise (CORRECT)

Correct: Your case study should be clear and concise so recruiters can quickly assess your design knowledge and skills.

3. Fill in the blank: Sharing case studies in your portfolio is important because case studies are a visual demonstration of your _____. Select all that apply.

• interests and hobbies
• design knowledge (CORRECT)
• ability to see an idea through from start to finish, despite challenges (CORRECT)
• willingness to collaborate with a team (CORRECT)

Correct: Case studies are a visual demonstration of your design knowledge, willingness to collaborate with a team, and ability to see an idea through from start to finish. Demonstrating your design knowledge in a case study allows recruiters to determine how well you would fit in a potential UX role.

Correct: Case studies are a visual demonstration of your design knowledge, willingness to collaborate with a team, and ability to see an idea through from start to finish. Demonstrating your ability to progress throughout an entire project shows recruiters you can see an idea through from beginning to end.

Correct: Case studies are a visual demonstration of your design knowledge, willingness to collaborate with a team, and ability to see an idea through from start to finish. Demonstrating your willingness to collaborate with a team is a characteristic recruiters would like to see in a case study.

4. You complete a design project for a photo sharing app and want to create a case study for your portfolio. What should you include in the case study to show recruiters you would be a strong candidate for a UX design role? Select all that apply.

• Rough drafts of every idea
• Disagreements with team members
• Explanation of learnings from the design process (CORRECT)
• Sketches, wireframes, and final polished designs (CORRECT)

Correct: Your case study should include a explanations of what you learned so recruiters can understand your thought process and approach to design. It should also include samples of your best sketches, wireframes, and final polished designs to showcase your design knowledge and skills.

Correct: Your case study should include samples of your best sketches, wireframes, and final polished designs to showcase your design knowledge and skills. It should also include explanations of what you learned, so recruiters can understand your thought process and approach to design.

1. A design team completes their high-fidelity prototype of a responsive website. Before they hand off designs to the engineering team, they need to confirm that the designs are final. What questions should they answer before handing off the designs? Select all that apply.

• Have the engineers written code for the website’s architecture and data storage?
• Are the designs a true representation of the intended user experience? (CORRECT)
• Have placeholder text, icons, and imagery been replaced with finalized assets? (CORRECT)
• Are users able to interact with and interpret the designs without external guidance? (CORRECT)

Correct: This is a key question the team needs to answer before handing off designs to engineers. If the team can answer “yes” to this question, it’s one indication that the designs are complete.

2. What is the difference between a back-end developer and a front-end developer?

• A back-end developer writes code based on UX designer specifications; a front-end developer writes code based on the UX sitemap and functionality.
• A back-end developer writes code based on the UX sitemap and functionality; a front-end developer writes code based on UX designer specifications. (CORRECT)
• A back-end developer writes code for user interactions; a front-end developer writes code for website architecture.
• A back-end developer writes code to enhance website accessibility; a front-end developer writes code to streamline information architecture.

Correct: A front-end developer, or web developer, writes code for all the user-facing interfaces based on UX designer specifications. A back-end developer writes code for the website’s architecture and data storage or retrieval, based on the UX sitemap and functionality.

3. When you want to share a prototype with developers in Adobe XD, what file format should you use?

• Development (CORRECT)
• Presentation
• Design Review
• User Testing

Correct: Development allows you to share your prototype specifically with developers; Design Review shares a document that allows you to receive feedback on your design or prototype.

4. Imagine a designer finishes their prototype in Adobe XD. They want to share it with developers. Should the designer set permissions so that anyone with a link can access the prototype?

• Yes. It’s best to allow anyone with a link to access the documents, so designers and developers can seamlessly collaborate. 
• No. It’s best practice to share documents with password protection. That way, designers maintain control over who can view the prototype.
• Sometimes. It depends on the sensitivity of the material. (CORRECT)

5. A designer wraps up a final prototype of a language learning app in Adobe XD, and wants to share their work with the development team. Before they publish the prototype on the cloud, they name the file: LanguageApp-Version-Final. Does this file name reflect best practices?

• Yes. A file name should include the project name and version. (CORRECT)
• No. A file name must include the date, the author, and the version number.
• Maybe. A file name can reflect the designer’s preferences, which vary designer to designer.

Correct: The file name reflects best practices, as it clearly indicates to developers what the designer is sending.

6. Imagine a designer finishes a client project and wants to write a case study. They draft a case study that describes their role in the project, the goal of the project, and the target user. They also add sketches and wireframes, and their polished designs. What critical components are missing from the case study? Select all that apply.

• The designer’s thoughts on how the design could be improved
• The research conducted and research findings (CORRECT)
• The key challenges or constraints the designer faced (CORRECT)
• The designer’s learnings during the design process (CORRECT)

Correct: The research conducted and its findings are a critical component of the case study. The case study should also include a description of what the designer learned, and the challenges and constraints they encountered.

Correct: The key challenges or constraints is a critical component of the case study. The case study should also include a description of the designer’s learnings, and the research conducted and its findings.

Correct: What the designer learns during the process is a critical component of the case study. The case study should also include the challenges and constraints, as well as a description of the research conducted and its findings.

7. Imagine that you finish your prototype in Adobe XD and want to share it with developers. What is the first step to sharing your document?

• In the upper-right corner, click the Link tab.
• Then, under the Cloud Settings panel, name your file.
• In the menu bar, open Share Settings.
• Then, using the Link tab, rename and upload your file.
• In the upper-left corner, click the Share tab.
• Then, under the Link Settings panel, name your file.  (CORRECT)
• In the menu bar, open Link Settings.
• Then, using the Share tab, rename and upload your file.

Correct: To share your prototype you first need to publish it to the cloud. Under the Link Settings panel, you should first name your project clearly so the developers know what you’re sending.

8. Fill in the blank: In Adobe XD, you can customize the level of security on a document under _____.

• Create Link
• Update Link
• Link Access (CORRECT)

Correct: You can customize the level of security on the document under Link Access. Select the option that is best suited to the sensitivity of the material you are sharing.

9. What is true of a good case study? Select all that apply.

• Quick to compile
• Applies standard template
• Easy to skim (CORRECT)
• Visually appealing (CORRECT)

Correct: A good case study should be easy to skim. If it’s text-heavy or the overall look is too busy, people are more likely to skip over important details.

Correct: A good case study is visually appealing because it can instantly capture attention, especially for those who’d prefer to skim graphics and visual components than text.

10. When a recruiter or hiring manager considers you for a job, they’ll expect to find case studies in your portfolio.

• True (CORRECT)

Correct: A case study is an important component of every designer’s portfolio. It serves to demonstrate your design knowledge and skills, how you collaborate, and your ability to carry ideas to completion.

11. What are some key elements that make up an entry-level UX resume? Select all that apply.

• General awards
• Portfolio link (CORRECT)
• Technical skills and design knowledge (CORRECT)
• Course summary of UX-related courses (CORRECT)

Correct: A portfolio link is essential to include in a UX resume because it is the main focus when recruiters evaluate potential candidates.

Correct: Hard skills like technical knowledge of design-related tools should be highlighted in a UX resume.

Correct: UX-related education or courses in a resume demonstrates the depth of design knowledge a UX design candidate has.

12. Why are case studies important components in a design portfolio? Select all that apply.

• They demonstrate your ability to work through a project quickly.
• They demonstrate your design knowledge. (CORRECT)
• They demonstrate your willingness to collaborate with a team. (CORRECT)
• They demonstrate your ability to see an idea from start to finish. (CORRECT)

Correct: Case studies are important in a portfolio because they are visual demonstrations of your design knowledge.

Correct: Case studies are important in a portfolio because they demonstrate how well you work within a team.

Correct: Case studies are important in a portfolio because they demonstrate your ability to complete a design project from start to finish, despite challenges along the way.

13. What role do developers play in creating a usable product?

• They make stable the preliminary code that UX designers compile
• They make interactive the low-fi mockups that UX designers hand off
• They make accessible the feature updates that UX researchers recommend
• They make functional the designs and features that UX designers create (CORRECT)

Correct: It takes designers, researchers, and developers to create a functional and usable product. Developers take UX designers’ work and make the designs and features functional.

14. Fill in the blank: In Adobe XD, you can choose the type of file you want to share with viewers under _____.

• View Settings (CORRECT)
• Link Settings
• Link Access

Correct: Under View Settings, you can choose the type of file you’d like to share with viewers.

15. If you share highly sensitive material in Adobe XD, what type of access permission should you select?

• Anyone With The Link
• Only User Testing
• Only Invited People
• Anyone With Password (CORRECT)

Correct: You can customize the level of security on the document you share. Anyone With The Link permissions are best for sensitive materials.

16. What are the components of a case study?

• Project budget and timeline, the designer’s project tasks, the makeup of the team followed, and stakeholder feedback
• Project background and research, the design team’s budget, the process user testing followed, and product manager feedback
• Project goal and objectives, the designer’s role in the project, the process the team followed, and project outcome (CORRECT)
• Project pitch deck and summary, the design team’s objective, the project burndown chart, and beta test feedback

Correct: Project goal and objectives, the designer’s role in the project, the process the team followed, and the project outcome are all components that should be included in a case study.Correct: Project goal and objectives, the designer’s role in the project, the process the team followed, and the project outcome are all components that should be included in a case study.

17. Fill in the blank: A case study can serve as a visible representation of your design knowledge, your willingness to collaborate, and your ability to _____.

• manage complex projects within a tight deadline
• see an idea through from start to finish, despite challenges (CORRECT)
• arrive at optimal design solutions, despite competing objectives
• supervise front- and back-end developers while they write code

Correct: A case study can serve as a visible representation of your design knowledge, your willingness to collaborate, and your ability to see an idea through from start to finish, despite challenges.

18. Imagine a designer sends their portfolio to a recruiter for a potential job opportunity. One of the designer’s case studies discusses how the designer worked with a diverse team for a complex project. Which case study component is this an example of?

• Design processes followed
• Project outcome
• Project goal and objectives

Correct: This case study component is an example of the designer’s role in the project because it discusses how the designer worked within a project team.

19. Fill in the blank: Case studies are the major components of a portfolio because they are a _____.

• view of a design challenge
• reflection of how a company implements a design system
• visual demonstration of your design knowledge (CORRECT)
• representation of a company’s design goals

Correct: Case studies are important because they demonstrate your design knowledge throughout a project.

20. Which team member writes code for the website’s architecture and data storage?

• Back-end developer (CORRECT)
• UX designer
• UX engineer
• Front-end developer

Correct: Back-end developers write code for the website’s architecture and data storage or retrieval, based on the UX sitemap and functionality.

21. Fill in the blank: A case study needs to tell recruiters what they need to know _____.

• with short descriptions, rather than images
• while highlighting key industry trends
• as quickly and efficiently as possible (CORRECT)
• in a simple, animated deck or video

22. A designer should have multiple resume versions that are tailored to specific jobs they apply to.

Correct: Multiple versions of a designer’s resume should be ideal because they can target specific jobs by incorporating key terms listed in the desired job description.

23. What components typically make up a case study? Select all that apply.

• Designer’s resume

Correct: It is important to explain the project’s outcome in a case study. This helps recruiters understand the designer’s process from beginning to end.

Correct: It is important to include project goals and objectives in a case study. These help recruiters understand a designer’s design process.

Correct: In a case study, it is important to explain a designer’s role in their project. This helps recruiters understand how the designer contributed to the project.

24. A designer finds a job that she is interested in, but needs to create a resume quickly before the upcoming job application deadline. What tool can she use to create a solid resume with all the necessary elements?

• A template from a word processing program (CORRECT)

Correct: Using a template is the fastest way to create a resume because it already includes all of the necessary elements a designer needs to include.

25. What type of developers write code for all the user-facing interfaces based on the UX designer’s specifications?

Correct: Front-end developers, or web developers, help to create the functionality for users as they interact with an app or website.

26. Which of the following specialist roles focuses on designing a product’s experience and function?

• Motion designers
• Visual designers
• Interaction designers (CORRECT)
• UI designers

Correct: Interaction designers focus on designing a product’s experience and function by examining how to connect the user’s needs and the business goals with what’s feasible to build.

27. Which of the following elements make up a basic resume’s structure? Select all that apply.

• Education (CORRECT)
• Contact information (CORRECT)
• Skills (CORRECT)

Correct: Education, including the completion of this certificate program, is included in a resume. Resumes should also include contact information and relevant skills.

Correct: Resumes should include the candidate’s contact information for recruiters and employers to get in touch with them. They should also include education information and relevant skills.

Correct: Relevant skills, such as the skills gained through this program, should be included in a resume. They should also include education and contact information.

28. It’s important to include keywords and key phrases in your resume.

Correct: Hiring managers often skim for keywords that are also listed on the job description of the role they’re trying to fill. Sometimes there are resume scanners that search for keywords, so if your application doesn’t include enough keywords, it may get filtered out before reaching a manager.

29. What can you do with a job description to make it easier for hiring managers and software to notice your resume or portfolio?

• Copy and paste the description verbatim
• Study the requirements
• Match key phrases and keywords (CORRECT)
• Add it to a cover letter

Correct: To make it easier for hiring managers and software to notice your resume or portfolio, match key phrases and keywords from the job description.

30. Should you only include case studies from your work as a professional UX designer in your design portfolio?

• Yes. Case studies should present designs that you have completed for companies or clients in your professional work.
• No. You should include case studies that represent your best design work. Case studies do not necessarily need to present work from projects with clients and companies. (CORRECT)
• Maybe. Case studies should present designs that you have completed for companies or clients in your professional work, but only if these projects went as planned.

31. Imagine a recruiter has requested that you share your portfolio for consideration in a newly created role. You want to include some case studies from past projects but need to finalize them before adding them to the portfolio. What should you consider to ensure the case studies are well presented?

• Case studies should be detailed and extensive.
• Case studies should include just your polished designs.
• Case studies should be visually appealing and easy to skim. (CORRECT)
• Case studies should include every aspect of the design project.

32. A design team completes their high-fidelity prototype of a responsive website. They confirm that the designs represent the expected user experience. What else must they confirm before handing off designs to the engineering team? Select all that apply.

• The design includes finalized assets rather than placeholders. (CORRECT)
• The users can interact with and interpret designs without guidance. (CORRECT)
• The back-end developers have a clear roadmap for creating the user-facing interface.
• The front-end developers have a clear roadmap for creating the website’s architecture.

Correct: The design needs to confirm the designs are complete. The design must represent the intended user experience and include finalized assets. Beyond that, users should be able to interact with the designs without guidance.

Correct: The design team needs to confirm the designs are complete. The design must represent the intended user experience and include finalized assets. Beyond that, users should be able to interact with the designs without guidance.

33. Which team member writes code for the user-facing interfaces?

• Back-end developer
• Front-end developer (CORRECT)

Correct: Front-end developers work with specifications provided by UX designers. They help to create the functionality that users will be interacting with on an app or website.

34. A designer wraps up a final prototype of a storm tracking app in Adobe XD and wants to share their work with the development team. Before they publish the prototype on the cloud, they name the file. Which of the following example file names reflects best practices?

• App-To-Test-2021
• StormApp-To-Test
• StormApp-Version-Final (CORRECT)
• App-For-Review

Correct: This includes the project name and version, which clearly indicates to the developers what the designer is sending.

35. Fill in the blank: A _____ typically includes a project’s goal and objectives, a designer’s role in the project, the process the design team followed, and the project outcome.

• design portfolio
• hi-fi prototype
• project summary
• case study (CORRECT)

Correct: A case study typically includes the project goal and objectives, your role in the project, the process your team followed, and the outcome of the project.

36. Imagine a designer finishes a client project and wants to write a case study. They draft a case study that highlights their sketches, wireframes, and polished designs. Should they also include a description of the project and its goals?

• Yes. This is critical information. They should also include information about the target user, research conducted, and learnings during the design process. (CORRECT)
• No. This is unnecessary information. The case study should focus on the designer’s product, including the sketches, wireframes, and polished designs.
• Sometimes. This can be helpful information to provide context. Studies should only include detailed descriptions when they compliment the designs.

Correct: The case study should include details about the project, including descriptions of the research, the project and its goals, the designer’s role, and lessons learned.

37. What is a case study?

• Portfolio containing the final design products
• Summarized presentation of a design project (CORRECT)
• Interactive prototype of a draft design product
• Description of a project’s goals and objectives

38. What should a designer include in the file name when sharing content with a developer?

• Design budget and deadline
• File type and project name
• Development start and end dates
• Project name and version (CORRECT)

Correct: It’s important to include the project name and version, which clearly indicates to the developers what the designer is sending.

39. Imagine a designer is applying for a job at a new design firm. They want to highlight their ability to collaborate with a team. How can they convey this to the firm’s recruiter?

• Prepare interview responses that highlight your practiced collaboration skills
• Share a portfolio with a case study, which demonstrates your willingness to collaborate (CORRECT)
• Ask former colleagues to submit reference letters to the firm’s recruiter
• Submit a cover letter without a resume, and write about your collaboration skills

Correct: A case study can serve as a visible representation of your design knowledge, your willingness to collaborate, and your ability to see ideas through.

40. When applying for UX design jobs, it is important to include which of the following materials in your application? Select all that apply.

• Portfolio (CORRECT)
• Resume (CORRECT)
• Case studies (CORRECT)

Correct: A portfolio is important to include in job applications. Recruiters and hiring managers review this material during the application process.

Correct: A resume is important to include in job applications. Recruiters and hiring managers review this material during the application process.

Correct: Case studies are important to include in job applications. Recruiters and hiring managers review this material during the application process.

41. Fill in the blank: When creating a case study, critical pieces include the designer’s role in the project, the goal of the project, and the sketches and wireframes. Most importantly, the case study should include _____.

• key challenges encountered
• what the designer learned during the design process (CORRECT)
• the designer’s design experience
• the designer’s final product

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

This article is part of the research topic.

Environmental Impacts of Materials and their Life Cycle

LCA analysis of a roof mounted PV system: A Romanian case study Provisionally Accepted

• 1 Department of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
• 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, Spain

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Using solar photovoltaic power sources has become a discussed topic in the construction and energy industry. The pressing need to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, increasing costs of traditional electricity generation, and affording photovoltaic modules has sparked a growing interest in solar photovoltaics. This study surveys the environmental impact of installing a solar panel system on a buildingaims to optimisze the layout of solar photovoltaic systems to minimizeminimise environmental impact and building load, comparing the performing south-oriented panels with east-west-oriented panels. The comprehensive analysis performed hinges on a diverse array of determinative factors that demand thoughtful consideration before embarking upon implementing any photovoltaic installation. These salient factors, including but not limited to structural integrity, incorporating ballast for stability enhancement, integrating requisite electrical components, selecting solar panels, quantifying energy production capabilities, assessing carbon emissions, and discerning associated benefits, require thoughtful consideration before implementing any photovoltaic installation. The findings derived from this study underscore that, within the context of the given geographical location, the solar photovoltaic system configured with an East-West orientation represents the optimal choice to reduce both emissions and structural load. This study provides a scientific basis for the construction industry and the energy field and guides the future development of photovoltaic installation projects in a more economic and environmentally friendly direction.

Keywords: Solar photovoltaic modules, Life Cycle Assessment, energy production, Structure, Ballast, Emissions

Received: 07 Apr 2024; Accepted: 14 May 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 Rus, Moldovan and Pardo Picazo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Mx. Raluca-Paula Moldovan, Department of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

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