research in legal history

Publications

The Society sponsors a quarterly journal, the  Law and History Review , and a book series,  Studies in Legal History .

Studies in Legal History

Book Series

The series aims to publish the highest quality work in legal history by both junior and senior scholars. Our goal is to produce monographs that take a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches, but always with respect for historical and legal change. The series is dedicated to the understanding of law as both a product of and contributor to history.

Law and History Review

Quarterly Journal

Law and History Review (LHR), America's leading legal history journal, encompasses American, European, and ancient legal history issues. The journal's purpose is to further research in the fields of the social history of law and the history of legal ideas and institutions. LHR features articles, essays, commentaries by international authorities, and reviews of important books on legal history.

The Latest from The Docket

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In August of 1973, Justice Harry A. Blackmun addressed the American Bar Association at its annual prayer breakfast.  Blackmun referenced the biblical story of Nehemiah, who upon return from Babylonian exile discovered Jerusalem in ruins. “The pall of Watergate,” Blackmun told the audience was […]

Cambridge University Press publishes the Law and History Review and Studies in Legal History.

Follow the Conversation @legalhistory

Online Legal History Sources

Getting started, books and theses, journals and newspaper articles, finding cases, statutes and codes, finding & using archival sources, blogs and web resources, getting help, reference works.

• Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History

Harvard Law School Research Guides

More detailed resources on legal history can be found in these pages and research guides created by Harvard Law School Librarians:

• Harvard Law School Historical & Special Collections
• Research Guide for Federal Legislative History To find additional early congressional documents and sources for legislative history, please consult this research guide.
• Critical Legal Studies by Harvard Law School Library Research Services Last Updated Jun 13, 2024 1321 views this year
• Harvard Law School Graduates: A Biographical Research Guide by Lesley Schoenfeld Last Updated Apr 12, 2024 5912 views this year
• History of Harvard Law School & Harvard University: Selected Resources by Lesley Schoenfeld Last Updated Aug 15, 2024 1435 views this year
• Law and Society by Harvard Law School Library Research Services Last Updated Apr 12, 2024 1470 views this year
• Nuremberg Trials Collection at Harvard Law School by Sarah Wharton Last Updated Apr 12, 2024 1179 views this year
• Online Legal History Sources by Mindy Kent Last Updated Apr 18, 2024 589 views this year
• Sources for Early American Legal History by Mindy Kent Last Updated Apr 12, 2024 459 views this year
• United Kingdom Legal Research by Deanna Barmakian Last Updated Jun 14, 2024 2439 views this year
• Women in the Legal Profession by Emilyn Brown Last Updated Apr 12, 2024 300 views this year

Other Online Research Guides

These guides from other law schools may be helpful when identifying resources. Links may be restricted, but we may have Harvard access to the databases. Check Harvard E-Resources for access.

• American Legal History Online (University of Chicago Law)
• Legal History on the Web (Duke)
• Guide to Online Databases in Legal History (Georgetown)

Legal Texts & Treatises

Early treatises can be an important source for discovering the law and early cases.

• Hein Online:Seldon Society Publications and the History of Early English Law
• Hein Online:Scottish Legal History: Featuring Publications of the Stair Society
• Making of Modern Law Legal treatises from the United States and Great Britain. more... less... Legal Treatises comprises over 21,000 works from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries on British Commonwealth and American law, with 14,900 titles from the nineteenth century and 7,100 titles from the years 1900 to 1926. It covers nearly every aspect of law, encompassing a range of analytical, theoretical, and practical literature. The monographs and materials in Legal Treatises include casebooks, local practice manuals, books on legal form, works for lay readers, pamphlets, letters, and speeches. The collection is of interest to scholars and patrons interested in domestic and international law, legal history, business and economics, politics and government, national defense, criminology, religion, education, labor and social welfare, and military justice. The database provides for simple and advanced searching, and for browsing by author, title, and subject terms.
• LLMC Digital LLMC includes a number of treatises in it's Multi Jurisdictional Subject Collection. The British Empire Studies Collection includes a number of works relevant to the colonial period.
• Hein Online Legal Classics The HeinOnline Legal Classics Library is a digital collection of many of the most highly regarded works written on American law, published in this country or abroad, from its beginnings to the end of 1860. It also includes American works on foreign, comparative and international law. The collection is based on titles listed in the Bibliography of Early American Law, by Morris L. Cohen. Additional titles have been selected from the AALS Law Books Recommended for Libraries, plus a number of additional early British and Commonwealth titles.

General Historical Collections

These comprehensive collections of online texts include treatises, pamphlets and primary legal materials.

• 18th Century Collections Online - SEE: Eighteenth Century Collections Online Extensive collection of eighteenth century British sources, not limited to law. Useful for the colonial period.
• Early American Imprints, Series 1 (1639-1800) Comprehensive collection of works published in America between 1639 and 1819. more... less... This resource is based on the microform collection of books, pamphlets and broadsides issued in America from 1639 to 1800, recorded in Charles Evans' American Bibliography and Roger P. Bristol's Supplement to Charles Evans' American Bibliography, which includes material on virtually every aspect of life in 17th- and 18th-century America. The database provides for simple and advanced searching, and for browsing by a variety of subject terms, genre, author, and printer/publisher. Searchable, OCR-generated ASCII text is associated with each page image.
• Google Books
• Early English Books Online
• Find a Database: Historical Collections Selected list of Harvard databases useful for legal history research
• Google Books: Advanced Search

Theses and Dissertations

• Dissertation Abstracts - SEE: Dissertations and Theses Full Text (ProQuest)
• Index to Theses in the UK and Ireland

Online Legal History Journals

Indexes, bibliographies and abstracts.

• Index to Legal Periodicals Retrospective: 1908-1981 (Law Login Required) 1908-1981 more... less... This retrospective database indexes over 750 legal periodicals published in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. Annual surveys of the laws of a jurisdiction, annual surveys of the federal courts, yearbooks, annual institutes, and annual reviews of the work in a given field or on a given topic will also be covered.
• America: History and Life (ABC-CLIO) Indexes journal articles vrom approximately 2000 publications on American and Canadian history. more... less... America: History and Life is the primary bibliographic reference to the history of the United States and Canada from prehistory to the present, covering over 2,000 journals published worldwide. In addition to all key English-language historical journals, America: History and Life coverage includes selected historical journals from major countries, state, and local history journals, and a targeted selection of journals in the social sciences and humanities. In addition to articles, the database includes book and media reviews and citations to abstracts of dissertations.
• Historical Abstracts (ABC-CLIO) Indexes approximately 2000 journals on topics related to history (excluding U.S. and Canada) from 1450 to present more... less... http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.eresource:amhislif
• IMB - SEE: International Medieval Bibliography

Historical Newspaper Sources

• Newspaper & News Collections List of newspapers and collections available at Harvard selected and annotated by HLS Librarians.
• Guide to Using Harvards Newspaper Resources
• ProQuest Historical Newspapers Includes the New York Times, the Boston Globe, and other major newspapers. Dates of coverage vary by title.
• Historical Newspapers Online Indexes, including full-text of the London Times 1800-1870 more... less... Historical Newspapers Online, produced by Chadwyck-Healey, contains three major historical resources: Palmer's Index to the Times which covers the period from 1790 to 1905 in The Times; The Official Index to the Times which takes the coverage forward from 1906 to 1980; The Historical Index to the New York Times which covers The New York Times from 1851 to September 1922.
• Times (London, England) - SEE: Times Digital Archive Digital archive of the complete contents of The Times of London from 1785-1985
• America’s Historical Newspapers Digital collection of historical newspapers including Early American Newspapers, 1690-1922; African American Newspapers, 1827-1998; and Hispanic American Newspapers, 1808-1980. more... less... Full-text database of newspapers published in the United States. Includes titles from all 50 present states, in various, separately searchable, series: Early American Newspapers Series 1-10, 1690-1922; 20th-Century American Newspapers Series 1-3, 1690-1993; African American Newspapers, 1827-1998; Ethnic American Newspapers from the Balch Collection, 1799-1971 and Hispanic American Newspapers, 1808-1980. OCR-generated ASCII text is associated with each page image. Searchable by key word; searches may be limited by date, era, article type, language, place of publication, and newspaper title.

Journal Collections

• JSTOR more... less... Includes all titles in the JSTOR collection, excluding recent issues. JSTOR (www.jstor.org) is a not-for-profit organization with a dual mission to create and maintain a trusted archive of important scholarly journals, and to provide access to these journals as widely as possible. Content in JSTOR spans many disciplines, primarily in the humanities and social sciences. For complete lists of titles and collections, please refer to http://www.jstor.org/about/collection.list.html.
• HeinOnline more... less... http://heinonline.org.ezp1.harvard.edu/HOL/Help?topic=lucenesyntax
• Academic Search Premier (Harvard Login) more... less... Academic Search Premier (ASP) is a multi-disciplinary database that includes citations and abstracts from over 4,700 scholarly publications (journals, magazines and newspapers). Full text is available for more than 3,600 of the publications and is searchable.
• Find a Journal at Harvard Search by journal title, article title or location to locate print or online journals at Harvard

Sources for Early Case Law

Several historical databases include early case reporters and collections of laws:

• Hein Online: English Reports Full Reprint (1220-1867) Reprint of over 100,000 significant early English cases. Finding tools allow searching by nominative citation and case name.
• LLMC Digital LLMC Digital includes a number of early U.S. case law reporters organized by state. It also includes non-US primary legal materials organized by jurisdiction. Content varies by country. Tools on the home page let you jump to a specific nominative reporter citation or search by case name.
• 18th Century Collections Online - SEE: Eighteenth Century Collections Online Extensive collection of eighteenth century British sources, not limited to law. Includes some early case reporters and digests.

Using Nominative Reporters

Case citations from early works can be hard to decipher. Early collections of case decisions were cited by the name of the clerk who reported the cases, and citation formats were not standard.

Here are some tips for finding and interpreting early nominative and non-standard citations:

• Check the source of your citation to see if the author provided a table or guide to the abbreviations .
• Use an abbreviation index,  or dictionary to decipher difficult abbreviations.
• If possible determine the jurisdiction .
• For U.S. Federal and State cases, check Table 1 of the Bluebook.
• Try finding the case cited in a more modern source with standardized citations.
• Search case databases by party name instead of citation. Look for  alternate spellings of the party names.

Subject Digests

Digests are a useful tool for finding case citations organized by subject. Digest can cover a court, a jurisdiction or a subject. 

• Century Edition of the American Digest Covers cases from 1658-1896

Deciphering Legal Abbreviations

• Prince's Bieber dictionary of legal abbreviations : a reference guide for attorneys, legal secretaries, paralegals, and law students / by Mary Miles Prince. Location: Ref Desk KF246 .B46 2009
• Cardiff Index of Legal Abbreviations The Cardiff Index of Legal Abbreviations is a searchable online database of English language legal publications. It is particularly useful for identifying citations of cases, statutes and legal periodicals from the British Isles, the Commonwealth and the United States

Notable and Historical Trials

Accounts and documents for notable trials were sometimes published in books, newspapers or pamphlets. Others have been gathered into historical databases. Other trial documents can be found in libraries and archives.

• Search   HOLLIS or WorldCat for your case name and the word " Trial "
• Search  newspapers for accounts of the trial. This research guide gives tips for using Harvard's newspaper collection
• Search historical full-text databases. 
• Search the web - schools, universities, historical societies, museums and other interest groups sometimes post information on famous trials. 
• Making of Modern Law Trials 1600-1926 Access via HarvardKey. Full-text, page image collection of books and pamphlets, official and unofficial trial documents and materials, legal transcripts, administrative proceedings, and arbitrations from the early seventeenth century to 1926. The materials include not only published trial transcripts, but also popular printed accounts of sensational trials for murder, adultery and other crimes.
• American State Trials Seventeen volume set containing excerpts and transcripts from selected criminal trials from the 17th to the early 20th century.
• Crime in New York: 1850-1950 Digitization project of the Lloyd Sealey Library at John Jay College. The project includes a searchable digital index their microfilm collection of The Trial Transcripts of the County of New York 1883 - 1927. The microfilm is available to borrow via ILL. The online collection also includes 150 full-text transcripts, available as searchable PDF's files linked to the web-index.
• World Trials Library (HeinOnline) Access via HarvardKey. Transcripts and accounts of trials from around the world. Also included are works that analyze and debate famous trials and biographies of well-known trial lawyers.
• The Old Bailey Online - Proceedings of the Old Bailey 1674-1913 Searchable edition of the records of thousands of criminal trials held at the Old Bailey in central London.

HLSL Historical & Special Collections

Our Historical and Special Collections department has also digitized some significant and historically interesting trial records and accounts. Additional digital collections from HSC can be found on their web page.

• Joseph Berry Keenan Papers: Digital Materials The Joseph Berry Keenan Digital Collection—comprised of manuscript materials and photographs—offers researchers invaluable insight into the Japanese War Crimes Trial -- one of the most important trials of the twentieth century.
• Nuremberg Trials Project The Library holds over one million pages of documents related to the war crimes tribunals held after World War II. The Nuremberg Trials Project combines document imaging, document re-keying, and document analysis to create a database of information about the trials, and a Web interface that will allow searching of the documents and the trial transcripts themselves, with links to the various evidentiary documents used in the trials. The first stage of the project presents documents from and relating to the Medical Case--more commonly known as the Doctors' Trial--which was Case 1 of the NMT trials.
• Dying Speeches and Bloody Murders Digitized edition of the Harvard Law School Library's collection of crime broadsides spanning the years 1707 to 1891. The broadsides include accounts of executions for such crimes as arson, assault, counterfeiting, horse stealing, murder, rape, robbery, and treason. Many of the broadsides vividly describe the results of sentences handed down at London's central criminal court, the Old Bailey, linked above.
• Studies in Scarlet: Marriage and Sexuality in the US & UK 1815-1914 Digitized versions of over 420 separately published trial narratives from the Harvard Law School Library's extensive trial collections.

U.S. Statutes

• Hein Online: U.S. Code Complete coverage of the US Code back to its initial publication in 1925. Also includes the Early Federal Laws Collection
• Hein Online: US Statutes at Large
• Making of Modern Law: Primary Sources, 1620-1926 Contains state and municipal codes, constitutional material and other legal history sources. more... less... Comprising 1,360 titles--and almost two million fully searchable pages—drawn chiefly from the Lillian Goldman Law Library at Yale University, Making of Modern Law: Primary Sources, 1620-1926 contains digital images of cases, statutes and regulations that have shaped American legal history. The digital archive includes early state codes (compilations of laws arranged alphabetically by subject); city charters (enacted and proposed charters and ordinances in American municipal jurisdictions); law dictionaries (important for investigating the history of legal concepts or interpreting the meaning of older documents); digests (indexes to reported cases, arranged by subject); and the published records of the American colonies (more than sixty titles of records and documents that have been transcribed, edited, printed, and indexed by six generations of scholars). The database provides for simple and advance searching, and for browsing by author and title.
• Hein Online: Session Laws Complete session laws for all 50 states
• HeinOnline State Statutes: A Historical Archive Coverage varies by state.
• Hein Online: New York Legal Research Library Includes New York Codes Prior to 1923
• LLMC Digital LLMC Digital includes early codes, session laws and other state documents organized by state.

UK Statutes

British statutes are cited by regnal year and chapter. Regnal year refers to the year of a monarch's reign. 

For example, 2 Hen. 5, c. 7 refers to the 7th act passed in the 2nd year of the reign of King Henry V which, according to the regnal year chart, was 1414.

• Hein Online: English Reports: Statutes of the Realm Includes Vols. 1-11 (1235-1713)
• Early English Laws
• Sweet & Maxwell - Regnal Years (PDF) Table to convert regnal years to calendar dates

Combined Sources for Early Statutes and Codes

Several historical databases include statutes and codes:

• 18th Century Collections Online - SEE: Eighteenth Century Collections Online Extensive collection of eighteenth century British sources, not limited to law. Includes some case reports. Includes several editions of Ruffhead's English Statutes at Large. Useful for the colonial period.

Constitutional History

In addition to the databases listed under Statutes and Codes, the following sources can be useful for state and federal constitutional history.

• Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention (Library of Congress)
• American State Papers
• The NBER/Maryland State Constitutions Project
• World Constitutions Illustrated (HeinOnline) Access via Harvard Key. HeinOnline World Constitutions Illustrated provides access to contemporary and historical documents, as well as resources of interest to scholars researching the constitutional and political development of the nations of the world. World Constitutions Illustrated includes, for each nation represented copies of the current constitution in its original language format accompanied by at least one English translation, secondary materials related to constitutional law and history, and links to online sources such including official government websites. Jurisdiction: Global

Primary Sources at Harvard

Finding Primary Source Material in Harvard's Archives and Libraries

Primary sources available at Harvard include both published source material, such as correspondence and diaries,  and archival materials.

Harvard's special collection libraries and archival repositories are a great source of unique and rare books, historical manuscripts, documents, photographs, maps, artifacts, and numeric data.

Start in HOLLIS

The HOLLIS Catalog contains the records of published sources and of many of the manuscript and document collections located in Harvard's libraries and archives.

Note:  Not everything is included in HOLLIS, so in addition to searching HOLLIS, we recommend that you contact the individual repositories for additional holdings information.

HOLLIS Advanced Search Strategies:

Use both  Author  and  Subject  searches to find the papers of an individual.

Search by  Author  or using  Author Keywords  to find annual reports, proceedings, minutes, etc. produced by an organization.

Add the term " sources " to a subject word search.

Limit by  Resource Type  such as Archives/Manuscripts

• HOLLIS Advanced Search
• HOLLIS for Archival Discovery

 How can you locate specific documents within an archival collection?

Most manuscript and archival collections have a finding aid that provides detailed information about the collection.

Use HOLLIS for Archival Discovery  to locate finding aids which describe the contents of faculty papers and other manuscript collections at Harvard.

• HOLLIS for Archival Discovery LibGuide Information on the structure and functionality of Harvard Library's platform for searching special collections and archival materials, as well as search tips.

How Are HOLLIS & HOLLIS for Archival Discovery Different?

• HOLLIS gives you brief catalog records for books, journals and other library materials, including summary records of manuscript collections.
• HOLLIS for Archival Discovery gives you detailed finding aids that describe entire manuscript collections. 

Compare the HOLLIS record and the finding aid for the Law Library's collection of Joseph Story's papers:

• Joseph Story's Papers (HOLLIS Record)
• Joseph Story's Papers (HFAD Record)

Planning your archival visit

If you are planning a visit to an archive or special collection, make sure to contact them directly before visiting. Many items are stored off site or need special arrangements for use, so give as much lead time as possible.

• A Survival Guide for Archival Research Tips for archival researchers from Barbara Heck, Elizabeth Preston, and Bill Svec, "A Survival Guide for Archival Researchers" from the December 2004 issue of Perspectives on History: The Newsmagazine of the American Historical Society

Visiting Historical & Special Collections at HLSL

To schedule a research visit in the Root Room, create a HOLLIS Special Request account which will allow you to place requests to view HSC's material from within HOLLIS.

Next, fill out an appointment request form at least 1 business day in advance and tell us when you would like to visit. 

Note that two days advance notice are required for visual materials and modern manuscripts (e.g. faculty papers) as they are stored offsite. 

• Getting Started in HOLLIS Special Request
• HSC Appointment Request Request an appointment with Harvard Law School Library's Historical & Special Collections
• Harvard Law School Historical & Special Collections Start your research into HLS History with the resources compiled by Harvard Law School's Historical & Special Collections

HLSL Collected Papers (Digitized)

The following collections of papers related to the history of the Harvard Law School have been digitized.

To find other collections, search HOLLIS for Archival Discovery.

• Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Digital Suite A collection of digitized documents and images from five manuscript collections and three image groups held by the Harvard Law School Library.
• Law & Society Since the Civil War: American Legal Manuscripts from the Collection of the Harvard Law School Library (Harvard Key) Part of ProQuest History Vault. Collection includes digitzed papers of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Louis D. Brandeis, Felix Frankfurter, Richard H. Field, Roscoe Pound, Sheldon Glueck, William H. Hastie & Zechariah Chafee Jr.

Other Archives and Manuscript Collections

Archives & special collections at harvard.

• Harvard University Archives
• Harvard Library Locations & Hours Filter location by Features>Special collections and archives
• Harvard Guide to Manuscripts and Archives Use this detailed guide to locate archives and manuscript collections both within and outside of Harvard.

Finding Archives & Special Collections Outside of Harvard

• ArchiveGrid: Open the Door to History ArchiveGrid is a collection of nearly two million archival material descriptions, including MARC records from WorldCat and finding aids harvested from the web. ArchiveGrid data is primarily focused on archival material descriptions for institutions in the United States.
• Archive Finder Archive Finder is a current directory which describes over 220,000 collections of primary source material housed in thousands of repositories across the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Online Document Collections

• American Memory (Library of Congress)
• The Avalon Project Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy
• Primary Documents in American History (Library of Congress)
• The Anglo American Legal Tradition
• Studies in Scarlet
• The Roman Law Library

Blogs and Current Awareness

• Legal History Blog
• SSRN Legal History e-Journal
• Edinburgh Legal History Blog
• Osgood Society for Canadian Legal History Blog
• Harvard Law School Program of Study: Legal History

Contact Us!

  Ask Us!  Submit a question or search our knowledge base.

Chat with us!  Chat   with a librarian (HLS only)

Email: [email protected]

 Contact Historical & Special Collections at [email protected]

  Meet with Us   Schedule an online consult with a Librarian

Hours  Library Hours

Classes  View  Training Calendar  or  Request an Insta-Class

 Text  Ask a Librarian, 617-702-2728

 Call  Reference & Research Services, 617-495-4516

• Last Updated: Apr 18, 2024 4:51 PM
• URL: https://guides.library.harvard.edu/onlinelegalhistory

Harvard University Digital Accessibility Policy

Library electronic resources outage May 29th and 30th

Between 9:00 PM EST on Saturday, May 29th and 9:00 PM EST on Sunday, May 30th users will not be able to access resources through the Law Library’s Catalog, the Law Library’s Database List, the Law Library’s Frequently Used Databases List, or the Law Library’s Research Guides. Users can still access databases that require an individual user account (ex. Westlaw, LexisNexis, and Bloomberg Law), or databases listed on the Main Library’s A-Z Database List.

• Georgetown Law Library
• Legal History

American Legal History Research Guide

Introduction.

• Resources to Start Your Search
• Secondary Sources, General Overviews, & Miscellaneous Resources
• The Founding Era
• Slavery and the Abolition Movement
• The Civil War, Confederate Resources, & The Reconstruction Era
• Washington DC Archival Sources
• Links to Other Georgetown Legal History Guides

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• Preeminent Treatise

Welcome to the Georgetown University Law School’s research guide for American Legal History.  Georgetown University offers a wealth of resources related to legal history research.  This guide is designed to help patrons access the University’s materials both via print and online access to various databases of digitized materials.

The library has a substantial collection of American legal history materials in several locations.  The materials housed in the Special Collections Department of the Edward Bennett Williams Law Library are noted in the library catalog with a location of SPEC COLL and a status of SCCR Use Only indicating that Special Collections items may be used only in the Special Collections Reading Room (Williams 210).  There are also many useful resources in the library’s microform collection as well as electronic sources for research.

If you are a member of the Georgetown University community, please feel free to schedule a research consultation with the Special Collections Librarian .  Patrons may also seek assistance from the Reference Desk .

Navigate the pages at the side (or top, if you are on a mobile device) of this guide to find in depth sources, many primary in nature, regarding specific eras of note in legal history as well as a great set of locations to begin your research.  Aside from those detailed sections of the guide, don’t forget to explore the following broader resources.  Starting with the library’s own catalog there are a variety of ways to find and access materials from the Edward Bennett Williams Law Library page.  You can also use the  WorldCat  database, a mega-catalog database, to locate resources which may not be available at the Law Center, and then use our  Inter-Library Loan  service to request the resources which you need. Among the useful research resources available here in the library are  Lexis Nexis ,  Westlaw ,  HeinOnline , Index to Legal Periodicals, Index to Legal Periodicals Retro, JSTOR, Academic Search Premier and Project Muse . While individual sources of note will often be specifically identified throughout this guide, it is of critical importance to search generally through the aforementioned resources (particularly HeinOnline) as the offerings they have cannot be indexed wholly within a research guide.  When researching American legal history, consult early English print and electronic resources which are very useful and relevant. Links to these resources are interspersed throughout this guide as well.

Special Collections

Special Collections Williams Law Library, 2nd floor Request a Research Consultation Help with Database Troubleshooting

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Created 11/13 (ES & EK) Updated 07/19 (ND)

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• © Georgetown University Law Library. These guides may be used for educational purposes, as long as proper credit is given. These guides may not be sold. Any comments, suggestions, or requests to republish or adapt a guide should be submitted using the Research Guides Comments form . Proper credit includes the statement: Written by, or adapted from, Georgetown Law Library (current as of .....).
• Last Updated: Sep 26, 2024 11:11 AM
• URL: https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/americanlegalhistory

Historical American Legal Research

Legal Treatises, 1800-1926, Contains legal treatises published from 1800-1926, from the Nineteenth-Century Legal Treatises and Twentieth-Century Legal Treatises microfilm collections.

Primary Sources, 1620-1926 (I)

Primary Sources: Part I, 1620-1926: Contains more than 1,300 individual titles consisting of about 2,225 volumes sourced chiefly from the Lillian Goldman Law Library at Yale University, with additional materials provided by the Law Library of Congress. Its 1.8 million pages span over 300 years of legal primary sources, such as early U.S. state codes, municipal codes, constitutional conventions and compilations, and other documents, many of which have heretofore only been available as bound volumes or in microfilm.

Primary Sources, 1763-1970 (II)

Primary Sources, Part II, 1763-1979: Extends this acclaimed archive into the second half of the twentieth century with more than 1.6 million newly scanned pages drawn from the three world-class American law libraries: the Harvard Law School Library, the Yale Law Library, and the Law Library of Congress. Comprised of United States codes, constitutional conventions and compilations, and municipal codes, Part II enhances scholarly access to essential documents in American legal history and is fully cross-searchable with Primary Sources, Part I.

Trials, 1600-1926 . 

Trials, 1600-1926. The database includes texts mainly from the US, the UK, and France. Also included are court documents, briefs, and argument transcripts from the New York City Bar Library.

U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, 1832-1978 .

• History of History
• Historical Research

ON HISTORICAL AND HISTORICAL-LEGAL RESEARCH: FORMS, CHALLENGES AND METHODOLOGIES

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• > Making Legal History
• > Methodology in legal history

Book contents

• Making Legal History
• Copyright page
• Abbreviations
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Reflections on ‘doing’ legal history
• 3 Editing law reportsand doing legal history
• 4 The indispensability of manuscript case notes to eighteenth-century barristers and judges
• 5 Judging judges
• 6 Benefits and barriers
• 7 Methodology in legal history
• 8 The methodological debatesin German-speaking Europe (1960–1990)
• 9 Exploring the law in medievalminds
• 10 Comparative legal history
• 11 ‘They put to the torture all the ancient monuments’
• 12 The politics of historiography and the taxonomies of the colonial past
• 13 Lay legal history
• 14 Antiquarianism and legal history
• 15 Re-examining King John and Magna Carta
• 16 Visual sources
• 17 Sanctity, superstition and the death of Sarah Jacob

7 - Methodology in legal history

From the history of free speech to the role of history in transatlantic legal thought

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2012

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• Methodology in legal history
• By David M. Rabban
• Edited by Anthony Musson , University of Exeter , Chantal Stebbings , University of Exeter
• Book: Making Legal History
• Online publication: 05 February 2012
• Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139028578.007

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Legal research now  

The transition to digital has not marked the end of evolution for legal research . As technology continues to advance, so does legal research. And those advancements have spurned changes to the nature of legal research itself.  

Legal research has transformed from combing through online databases to pertinent information being delivered to you. And because of additional analyses and editorial enhancements, the information available now is better than before.  

Today’s legal research offers you more  

Even after you’ve completed the “official” research, today’s legal research technology has more to offer.  

How do you know how thorough you’ve been? How do you know that the authorities on which your argument relies are reliable?  

  When researching, you often know the case you are looking for – it addresses a particular legal issue, fact pattern, motion type, and/or outcome. There may be thousands of potentially relevant cases to sort through, many of which turn out to be decided under a different law, with different facts, or come out the wrong way.  

 Today, new capabilities offer a more efficient way to conduct research and find on-point cases , providing you with greater confidence in your research.  

For example, with Precision Research on Westlaw Precision, you can find legally and factually similar cases with unparalleled speed and accuracy . Run a search that gathers all the potentially relevant cases, then filter your results to find exactly what you need.  

Sometimes you know what you’re looking for, but also know there are multiple, relevant issues or rules that can change over time. Traditional research methods help build out your understanding of how a specific case fits together with others or how an issue or rule has changed over time, but those methods can be tedious and time-consuming.  

Westlaw Precision includes expanded KeyCite functionalities that can help you with the heavy lifting. KeyCite Cited With displays related cases that have a pattern of being cited together, even if neither cites the other so you can better understand their relationship to each other and locate additional relevant authority. KeyCite Overruled in Part indicates a case has been overruled in part and enables you to navigate directly to the language in the case discussing the point of law that has been overruled.  

Westlaw Precision is the fastest way to find what you need. See how it can help your firm.  

The expanding legal research bubble  

Because of the sheer amount of raw data that can now be analyzed by AI, the scope of legal research has grown beyond its traditional boundaries. In other words, there’s more to legal research than laws and court rulings.  

For instance, through an analysis of a judge’s past rulings, AI can generate insight into patterns in a judge’s behavior.  

How often does a judge side with a plaintiff in your type of case? In your specific type of motion? What kind of arguments resonate with your judge? What kinds of authority does the judge prefer?  

Knowing your judge’s propensities helps in crafting the strongest argument possible, and helps you identify authority you may have missed or that may be advantageous to showcase.  

Outside of the courtroom, knowing your judge’s habits can help you set client expectations regarding the cost, timing, and possible outcomes of the matter. As much as clients dislike bad news from their lawyers, they hate it even more when that bad news is a surprise.  

What can you learn about opposing counsel?  

This kind of insight isn’t only available on your judge. If your opposing counsel or their law firm has any history in the court system, you may be able to get data-driven analytics about them.  

How much experience does your opposing counsel have on a particular issue? How successful are they on certain types of motions? Do they have any history with your judge?  

Legal research now provides the answers to these questions and more, giving you the ability to prepare like never before.  

It’s available to you – and them  

While we’ve focused on the benefits that these advancements in legal research have for you, they aren’t exclusive to you.  

That is, your opponents have access to the same enhancements and analytics. They can find every relevant authority and root out the bad ones; they can get insights into the habits of their judges and those of their opposing counsel – i.e., you.  

The potential for your opposing counsel to review an AI-generated profile of your litigation history is just one way an opponent can gather insight on you. And tools like Quick Check can also be used to analyze another party’s brief or memo for weaknesses.  

What that means for you  

While this means that you can use Quick Check to find flaws in your opponent’s arguments, the reverse is also true. Your opponents now have an easy-to-use tool to find any authority you missed, or to find out whether an authority that your argument relies on is no longer valid.  

Imagine sitting in the courtroom and having opposing counsel inform the judge about a ruling that wasn’t included in your brief. It can be difficult to recover from that major blow to your credibility.  

Move to the next generation of legal research  

In the end, you can’t stay in the legal research of the past indefinitely. The sooner you step into the future, the better the benefits.   

Learn more about the evolution of legal research capabilities.  

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BOOK SERIES

Routledge research in legal history.

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8 Series Titles

Justice and International Law in Meiji Japan The María Luz Incident and the Dawn of Modernity

1st Edition

Slavery, Indenture and the Law Assembling a Nation in Colonial Mauritius

Transitional Justice in Italy and the Crimes of Fascism and Nazism

The League of Nations and the Development of International Law A New Intellectual History of the Advisory Committee of Jurists

Transforming the Politics of International Law The Advisory Committee of Jurists and the Formation of the World Court in the League of Nations

A History of Divorce Law Reform in England from the Victorian to Interwar Years

Socialism and Legal History The Histories and Historians of Law in Socialist East Central Europe

The Royal Prerogative and Constitutional Law A Search for the Quintessence of Executive Power

Justice and International Law in Meiji Japan: The María Luz Incident and the Dawn of Modernity

By Giorgio Fabio Colombo August 26, 2024

This book carries out a comprehensive analysis of the María Luz incident, a truly significant episode in Japanese and world history, from a legal perspective. In July 1872, the María Luz, a barque flying the Peruvian flag, carried Chinese indentured servants from Macau to Peru. After the ship ...

Slavery, Indenture and the Law: Assembling a Nation in Colonial Mauritius

By Nandini Boodia-Canoo August 26, 2024

This book addresses historical issues of colonialism and race, which influenced the formation of multicultural society in Mauritius. During the 19th century, Mauritius was Britain’s prime sugar-producing colony, yet, unlike the West Indies, its history has remained significantly under-researched. ...

By Paolo Caroli January 29, 2024

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the Italian experience of transitional justice examining how the crimes of Fascism and World War II have been dealt with from a comparative perspective. Applying an interdisciplinary and comparative methodology, the book offers a detailed ...

The League of Nations and the Development of International Law: A New Intellectual History of the Advisory Committee of Jurists

Edited By P. Sean Morris May 31, 2023

This volume examines the contributions to International Law of individual members of the Advisory Committee of Jurists in the League of Nations, and the broader national and discursive legal traditions of which they were representative. It adopts a biographical approach that complements existing ...

Transforming the Politics of International Law: The Advisory Committee of Jurists and the Formation of the World Court in the League of Nations

This volume examines the role of League of Nations committees, particularly the Advisory Committee of Jurists (ACJ) in shaping the statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ). The authors explore the contributions of individual jurists and unofficial members in shaping the League ...

A History of Divorce Law: Reform in England from the Victorian to Interwar Years

By Henry Kha August 01, 2022

The book explores the rise of civil divorce in Victorian England, the subsequent operation of a fault system of divorce based solely on the ground of adultery, and the eventual piecemeal repeal of the Victorian-era divorce law during the Interwar years. The legal history of the Matrimonial Causes ...

Socialism and Legal History: The Histories and Historians of Law in Socialist East Central Europe

Edited By Ville Erkkilä, Hans-Peter Haferkamp May 30, 2022

This book focuses on the way in which legal historians and legal scientists used the past to legitimize, challenge, explain and familiarize the socialist legal orders, which were backed by dictatorial governments. The volume studies legal historians and legal histories written in Eastern European ...

The Royal Prerogative and Constitutional Law: A Search for the Quintessence of Executive Power

By Noel Cox April 29, 2022

This book examines the royal prerogative in terms of its theory, history and application today. The work explores the development of the royal prerogative through the evolution of imperial government, and more recent structural changes in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the Commonwealth. While ...

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Global Perspectives on Legal History

The book series Global Perspectives on Legal History , edited by Marietta Auer, Thomas Duve and Stefan Vogenauer, opens up the legal history of Europe to the history of its global connections. It publishes monographs as well as edited volumes which transcend the established boundaries of national legal scholarship and focus on different modes of normativity and law as well as on their historical development.

The peer-reviewed series addresses the global research community also in terms of its format. From its outset in 2014, the series was designed as a multilingual Open Access publication series. GPLH primarily appears online, freely accessible to everyone on the Institute's homepage and via online services that are also committed to Open Access. A print-on-demand service is available for those readers who prefer or require a printed copy.

ISSN 2196-9752

... more about the book series GPLH

Los viajes de las ideas sobre la cuestión criminal hacia /desde Argentina

Volume 24,  Máximo Sozzo, Jorge Núñez (eds.) Los viajes de las ideas sobre la cuestión criminal hacia /desde Argentina " class="more mpg-icon mpg-icon-right2" href="/publications/gplh-24?c=1935773">more

Seeking Capture, Resisting Seizure. An International Legal History of the Anglo-Brazilian Treaty for the Suppression of the Slave Trade (1826–1845)

Volume 22, Adriane Sanctis de Brito more

Law and Diversity: European and Latin American Experiences from a Legal Historical Perspective. Vol. 1: Fundamental Questions

Volume 21, Peter Collin, Agustín Casagrande (eds.) more

Towards a Democratic Franchise. Suffrage Reform in the Twentieth-Century Bahamas

Volume 20, Stephen B. Aranha more

Staatsangehörigkeit und Rassismus. Rechtsdiskurse und Verwaltungspraxis in den Kolonien Eritrea und Deutsch-Ostafrika (1882–1919)

Volume 19, Nicola Camilleri more

Celebrar lo imposible. El Código Civil en el régimen jurídico de la propiedad: Córdoba entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX

Volume 18, Pamela Alejandra Cacciavillani more

HIS 400 - Law and Everyday Life in the Nineteenth-Century United States

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• Princeton University Library Finding Aids This link opens in a new window Provides access to finding aids or descriptive inventories for archival records and manuscript collections held within the University Library. Approximately 1,300 finding aids from the Department of Special Collections are now available online and include the Manuscripts Division , Public Policy Papers , and University Archives .
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• History Vault This link opens in a new window The module Southern Life, Slavery, and the Civil War has records focused on the Slave trade and other legal issues pertaining to slavery;a module on the Civil War entitled "Confederate Military Manuscripts and Records of Union Generals and the Union Army"; and Reconstruction and Military Government after the Civil War; and petitions on race, slavery, and free blacks that were submitted to state legislatures and county courthouses between 1775 and 1867. The module American Indians and the American West has collections from the 19th Century focused on Indian Removal from 1832-1840, and the U.S. Army and American Indians in the years from the 1850s-1890s.
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• Freedom: a Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867 by Steven Hahn (Editor); Steven F. Miller (Editor); Susan E. O'Donovan (Editor); John C. Rodrigue (Editor); Leslie S. Rowland (Editor) ISBN: 1469611082 Publication Date: 2014-06-24 Land and Labor, 1865 examines the transition from slavery to free labor during the tumultuous first months after the Civil War. Letters and testimony by the participants--former slaves, former slaveholders, Freedmen's Bureau agents, and others--reveal the connection between developments in workplaces across the South and an intensifying political contest over the meaning of freedom and the terms of national reunification. Essays by the editors place the documents in interpretive context and illuminate the major themes. In the tense and often violent aftermath of emancipation, former slaves seeking to ground their liberty in economic independence came into conflict with former owners determined to keep them dependent and subordinate. Overseeing that conflict were northern officials with their own notions of freedom, labor, and social order. This volume of Freedom depicts the dramatic events that ensued--the eradication of bondage and the contest over restoring land to ex-Confederates; the introduction of labor contracts and the day-to-day struggles that engulfed the region's plantations, farms, and other workplaces; the achievements of those freedpeople who attained a measure of independence; and rumors of a year-end insurrection in which ex-slaves would seize the land they had been denied and exact revenge for past oppression.
• Freedom: a Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867 ISBN: 1469611090 Publication Date: 2014-06-24 Land and Labor, 1866-1867 examines the remaking of the South's labor system in the tumultuous aftermath of emancipation. Using documents selected from the National Archives, this volume of Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation depicts the struggle of unenfranchised and impoverished ex-slaves to control their own labor, establish their families as viable economic units, and secure independent possession of land. Among the topics addressed are the dispossession of settlers in the Sherman reserve, the reordering of labor on plantation and farm, nonagricultural labor, new relations of credit and debt, long-distance labor migration, and the efforts of former slaves to rent, purchase, and homestead land. The documents--many of them in the freedpeople's own words--speak eloquently for themselves, while the editors' interpretive essays provide context and illuminate major themes.
• Hein Online Library This link opens in a new window See the modules State Statutes: A Historical Archive; Slavery in America and the World: History, Culture & Law
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• America's Historical Newspapers This link opens in a new window Searchable full-text of historical newspapers including titles from all 50 states. Now includes select coverage of some major papers after 1922 through the mid 1990s.
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H.R. 9785: To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to submit to Congress an annual report on biomedical research funded by the United States and performed in China.

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Introduced on Sep 24, 2024

This bill is in the first stage of the legislative process. It was introduced into Congress on September 24, 2024. It will typically be considered by committee next before it is possibly sent on to the House or Senate as a whole.

Other activity may have occurred on another bill with identical or similar provisions.

Nicholas Langworthy

Representative for New York's 23rd congressional district

Not available yet.

2 Cosponsors (1 Republican, 1 Democrat)

H.R. 9785 is a bill in the United States Congress.

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GovTrack.us. (2024). H.R. 9785 — 118th Congress: To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to submit to Congress …. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/118/hr9785

“H.R. 9785 — 118th Congress: To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to submit to Congress ….” www.GovTrack.us. 2024. September 27, 2024 <https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/118/hr9785>

To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to submit to Congress an annual report on biomedical research funded by the United States and performed in China, H.R. 9785, 118th Cong. (2024).

{{cite web |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/118/hr9785 |title=H.R. 9785 (118th) |accessdate=September 27, 2024 |author=118th Congress (2024) |date=September 24, 2024 |work=Legislation |publisher=GovTrack.us |quote=To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to submit to Congress … }}

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