fetal presentation in hindi

Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation)

• Variations in Fetal Position and Presentation |

During pregnancy, the fetus can be positioned in many different ways inside the mother's uterus. The fetus may be head up or down or facing the mother's back or front. At first, the fetus can move around easily or shift position as the mother moves. Toward the end of the pregnancy the fetus is larger, has less room to move, and stays in one position. How the fetus is positioned has an important effect on delivery and, for certain positions, a cesarean delivery is necessary. There are medical terms that describe precisely how the fetus is positioned, and identifying the fetal position helps doctors to anticipate potential difficulties during labor and delivery.

Presentation refers to the part of the fetus’s body that leads the way out through the birth canal (called the presenting part). Usually, the head leads the way, but sometimes the buttocks (breech presentation), shoulder, or face leads the way.

Position refers to whether the fetus is facing backward (occiput anterior) or forward (occiput posterior). The occiput is a bone at the back of the baby's head. Therefore, facing backward is called occiput anterior (facing the mother’s back and facing down when the mother lies on her back). Facing forward is called occiput posterior (facing toward the mother's pubic bone and facing up when the mother lies on her back).

Lie refers to the angle of the fetus in relation to the mother and the uterus. Up-and-down (with the baby's spine parallel to mother's spine, called longitudinal) is normal, but sometimes the lie is sideways (transverse) or at an angle (oblique).

For these aspects of fetal positioning, the combination that is the most common, safest, and easiest for the mother to deliver is the following:

Head first (called vertex or cephalic presentation)

Facing backward (occiput anterior position)

Spine parallel to mother's spine (longitudinal lie)

Neck bent forward with chin tucked

Arms folded across the chest

If the fetus is in a different position, lie, or presentation, labor may be more difficult, and a normal vaginal delivery may not be possible.

Variations in fetal presentation, position, or lie may occur when

The fetus is too large for the mother's pelvis (fetopelvic disproportion).

The uterus is abnormally shaped or contains growths such as fibroids .

The fetus has a birth defect .

There is more than one fetus (multiple gestation).

Position and Presentation of the Fetus

Variations in fetal position and presentation.

Some variations in position and presentation that make delivery difficult occur frequently.

Occiput posterior position

In occiput posterior position (sometimes called sunny-side up), the fetus is head first (vertex presentation) but is facing forward (toward the mother's pubic bone—that is, facing up when the mother lies on her back). This is a very common position that is not abnormal, but it makes delivery more difficult than when the fetus is in the occiput anterior position (facing toward the mother's spine—that is facing down when the mother lies on her back).

When a fetus faces up, the neck is often straightened rather than bent,which requires more room for the head to pass through the birth canal. Delivery assisted by a vacuum device or forceps or cesarean delivery may be necessary.

Breech presentation

In breech presentation, the baby's buttocks or sometimes the feet are positioned to deliver first (before the head).

When delivered vaginally, babies that present buttocks first are more at risk of injury or even death than those that present head first.

The reason for the risks to babies in breech presentation is that the baby's hips and buttocks are not as wide as the head. Therefore, when the hips and buttocks pass through the cervix first, the passageway may not be wide enough for the head to pass through. In addition, when the head follows the buttocks, the neck may be bent slightly backwards. The neck being bent backward increases the width required for delivery as compared to when the head is angled forward with the chin tucked, which is the position that is easiest for delivery. Thus, the baby’s body may be delivered and then the head may get caught and not be able to pass through the birth canal. When the baby’s head is caught, this puts pressure on the umbilical cord in the birth canal, so that very little oxygen can reach the baby. Brain damage due to lack of oxygen is more common among breech babies than among those presenting head first.

In a first delivery, these problems may occur more frequently because a woman’s tissues have not been stretched by previous deliveries. Because of risk of injury or even death to the baby, cesarean delivery is preferred when the fetus is in breech presentation, unless the doctor is very experienced with and skilled at delivering breech babies or there is not an adequate facility or equipment to safely perform a cesarean delivery.

Breech presentation is more likely to occur in the following circumstances:

Labor starts too soon (preterm labor).

The uterus is abnormally shaped or contains abnormal growths such as fibroids .

Other presentations

In face presentation, the baby's neck arches back so that the face presents first rather than the top of the head.

In brow presentation, the neck is moderately arched so that the brow presents first.

Usually, fetuses do not stay in a face or brow presentation. These presentations often change to a vertex (top of the head) presentation before or during labor. If they do not, a cesarean delivery is usually recommended.

In transverse lie, the fetus lies horizontally across the birth canal and presents shoulder first. A cesarean delivery is done, unless the fetus is the second in a set of twins. In such a case, the fetus may be turned to be delivered through the vagina.

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• Fetal presentation before birth

The way a baby is positioned in the uterus just before birth can have a big effect on labor and delivery. This positioning is called fetal presentation.

Babies twist, stretch and tumble quite a bit during pregnancy. Before labor starts, however, they usually come to rest in a way that allows them to be delivered through the birth canal headfirst. This position is called cephalic presentation. But there are other ways a baby may settle just before labor begins.

Following are some of the possible ways a baby may be positioned at the end of pregnancy.

Head down, face down

When a baby is head down, face down, the medical term for it is the cephalic occiput anterior position. This the most common position for a baby to be born in. With the face down and turned slightly to the side, the smallest part of the baby's head leads the way through the birth canal. It is the easiest way for a baby to be born.

Head down, face up

When a baby is head down, face up, the medical term for it is the cephalic occiput posterior position. In this position, it might be harder for a baby's head to go under the pubic bone during delivery. That can make labor take longer.

Most babies who begin labor in this position eventually turn to be face down. If that doesn't happen, and the second stage of labor is taking a long time, a member of the health care team may reach through the vagina to help the baby turn. This is called manual rotation.

In some cases, a baby can be born in the head-down, face-up position. Use of forceps or a vacuum device to help with delivery is more common when a baby is in this position than in the head-down, face-down position. In some cases, a C-section delivery may be needed.

Frank breech

When a baby's feet or buttocks are in place to come out first during birth, it's called a breech presentation. This happens in about 3% to 4% of babies close to the time of birth. The baby shown below is in a frank breech presentation. That's when the knees aren't bent, and the feet are close to the baby's head. This is the most common type of breech presentation.

If you are more than 36 weeks into your pregnancy and your baby is in a frank breech presentation, your health care professional may try to move the baby into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. It involves one or two members of the health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

If the procedure isn't successful, or if the baby moves back into a breech position, talk with a member of your health care team about the choices you have for delivery. Most babies in a frank breech position are born by planned C-section.

Complete and incomplete breech

A complete breech presentation, as shown below, is when the baby has both knees bent and both legs pulled close to the body. In an incomplete breech, one or both of the legs are not pulled close to the body, and one or both of the feet or knees are below the baby's buttocks. If a baby is in either of these positions, you might feel kicking in the lower part of your belly.

If you are more than 36 weeks into your pregnancy and your baby is in a complete or incomplete breech presentation, your health care professional may try to move the baby into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. It involves one or two members of the health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

If the procedure isn't successful, or if the baby moves back into a breech position, talk with a member of your health care team about the choices you have for delivery. Many babies in a complete or incomplete breech position are born by planned C-section.

When a baby is sideways — lying horizontal across the uterus, rather than vertical — it's called a transverse lie. In this position, the baby's back might be:

• Down, with the back facing the birth canal.
• Sideways, with one shoulder pointing toward the birth canal.
• Up, with the hands and feet facing the birth canal.

Although many babies are sideways early in pregnancy, few stay this way when labor begins.

If your baby is in a transverse lie during week 37 of your pregnancy, your health care professional may try to move the baby into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. External cephalic version involves one or two members of your health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

If the procedure isn't successful, or if the baby moves back into a transverse lie, talk with a member of your health care team about the choices you have for delivery. Many babies who are in a transverse lie are born by C-section.

If you're pregnant with twins and only the twin that's lower in the uterus is head down, as shown below, your health care provider may first deliver that baby vaginally.

Then, in some cases, your health care team may suggest delivering the second twin in the breech position. Or they may try to move the second twin into a head-down position. This is done using a procedure called external cephalic version. External cephalic version involves one or two members of the health care team putting pressure on your belly with their hands to get the baby to roll into a head-down position.

Your health care team may suggest delivery by C-section for the second twin if:

• An attempt to deliver the baby in the breech position is not successful.
• You do not want to try to have the baby delivered vaginally in the breech position.
• An attempt to move the baby into a head-down position is not successful.
• You do not want to try to move the baby to a head-down position.

In some cases, your health care team may advise that you have both twins delivered by C-section. That might happen if the lower twin is not head down, the second twin has low or high birth weight as compared to the first twin, or if preterm labor starts.

• Landon MB, et al., eds. Normal labor and delivery. In: Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 19, 2023.
• Holcroft Argani C, et al. Occiput posterior position. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 19, 2023.
• Frequently asked questions: If your baby is breech. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/if-your-baby-is-breech. Accessed May 22, 2023.
• Hofmeyr GJ. Overview of breech presentation. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 22, 2023.
• Strauss RA, et al. Transverse fetal lie. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 22, 2023.
• Chasen ST, et al. Twin pregnancy: Labor and delivery. https://www.updtodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 22, 2023.
• Cohen R, et al. Is vaginal delivery of a breech second twin safe? A comparison between delivery of vertex and non-vertex second twins. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2021; doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.2005569.
• Marnach ML (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. May 31, 2023.

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Breech, posterior, transverse lie: What position is my baby in?

Fetal presentation, or how your baby is situated in your womb at birth, is determined by the body part that's positioned to come out first, and it can affect the way you deliver. At the time of delivery, 97 percent of babies are head-down (cephalic presentation). But there are several other possibilities, including feet or bottom first (breech) as well as sideways (transverse lie) and diagonal (oblique lie).

Fetal presentation and position

During the last trimester of your pregnancy, your provider will check your baby's presentation by feeling your belly to locate the head, bottom, and back. If it's unclear, your provider may do an ultrasound or an internal exam to feel what part of the baby is in your pelvis.

Fetal position refers to whether the baby is facing your spine (anterior position) or facing your belly (posterior position). Fetal position can change often: Your baby may be face up at the beginning of labor and face down at delivery.

Here are the many possibilities for fetal presentation and position in the womb.

Medical illustrations by Jonathan Dimes

Head down, facing down (anterior position)

A baby who is head down and facing your spine is in the anterior position. This is the most common fetal presentation and the easiest position for a vaginal delivery.

This position is also known as "occiput anterior" because the back of your baby's skull (occipital bone) is in the front (anterior) of your pelvis.

Head down, facing up (posterior position)

In the posterior position , your baby is head down and facing your belly. You may also hear it called "sunny-side up" because babies who stay in this position are born facing up. But many babies who are facing up during labor rotate to the easier face down (anterior) position before birth.

Posterior position is formally known as "occiput posterior" because the back of your baby's skull (occipital bone) is in the back (posterior) of your pelvis.

Frank breech

In the frank breech presentation, both the baby's legs are extended so that the feet are up near the face. This is the most common type of breech presentation. Breech babies are difficult to deliver vaginally, so most arrive by c-section .

Some providers will attempt to turn your baby manually to the head down position by applying pressure to your belly. This is called an external cephalic version , and it has a 58 percent success rate for turning breech babies. For more information, see our article on breech birth .

Complete breech

A complete breech is when your baby is bottom down with hips and knees bent in a tuck or cross-legged position. If your baby is in a complete breech, you may feel kicking in your lower abdomen.

Incomplete breech

In an incomplete breech, one of the baby's knees is bent so that the foot is tucked next to the bottom with the other leg extended, positioning that foot closer to the face.

Single footling breech

In the single footling breech presentation, one of the baby's feet is pointed toward your cervix.

Double footling breech

In the double footling breech presentation, both of the baby's feet are pointed toward your cervix.

Transverse lie

In a transverse lie, the baby is lying horizontally in your uterus and may be facing up toward your head or down toward your feet. Babies settle this way less than 1 percent of the time, but it happens more commonly if you're carrying multiples or deliver before your due date.

If your baby stays in a transverse lie until the end of your pregnancy, it can be dangerous for delivery. Your provider will likely schedule a c-section or attempt an external cephalic version , which is highly successful for turning babies in this position.

Oblique lie

In rare cases, your baby may lie diagonally in your uterus, with his rump facing the side of your body at an angle.

Like the transverse lie, this position is more common earlier in pregnancy, and it's likely your provider will intervene if your baby is still in the oblique lie at the end of your third trimester.

Was this article helpful?

What to know if your baby is breech

What's a sunny-side up baby?

How your twins’ fetal positions affect labor and delivery

What happens to your baby right after birth

BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies .

Ahmad A et al. 2014. Association of fetal position at onset of labor and mode of delivery: A prospective cohort study. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology 43(2):176-182. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23929533 Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

Gray CJ and Shanahan MM. 2019. Breech presentation. StatPearls.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448063/ Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

Hankins GD. 1990. Transverse lie. American Journal of Perinatology 7(1):66-70.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2131781 Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

Medline Plus. 2020. Your baby in the birth canal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002060.htm Opens a new window [Accessed September 2021]

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गर्भावस्था भ्रूण के विकास के चरण( Pregnancy Growth Stages)

गर्भावस्था के हर सप्ताह में कुछ अहम शारीरिक व मानसिक बदलाव होते हैं। इस दौरान हर सप्ताह व माह (Pregnancy Growth Stages in Hindi) में महिलाओं को विभिन्न आहार, सावधानियों व परहेजों का ध्यान रखना होता है। यहां आप सप्ताह दर सप्ताह (Week by Week Pregnancy) व मासिक स्तर पर प्रेगनेंसी (Month by Month Pregnancy Growth) से जुड़ी बातें जान सकते हैं।

प्रेगनेंसी डाइट चार्टः कैसे मिलें पूरा पोषण तसल्ली के साथ

प्रेगनेंसी के दौरान क्या-क्या खायें कब खायें और कितनी मात्रा में, ये जानकारी बहुत ही कम लोगों को होती हैं। जानें प्रेगनेंसी के दौरान किन पोषक तत्वों की जरुरत है और आप उन्हें कैसे पूरा कर सकते हैं।

गर्भवती महिलाओं के लिए डाइट चार्ट ताकि मिलें पूरा पोषण तसल्ली के साथ

प्रेग्नेंट महिला को अपना बहुत ख्याल रखना पड़ता है, ये सलाह तो सभी देते हैं पर प्रेगनेंसी के दौरान क्या-क्या खायें कब खायें और कितनी मात्रा में, ये जानकारी बहुत ही कम लोगों को होती हैं। ऐसे में यह डाइट चार्ट आपकी काफी मदद करेगा।

प्रेगनेंसी की खबर देने के मजेदार तरीके

प्रेग्नेंट होना महिला के लिए उसके जीवन की सबसे बड़ी खुशख़बरी होती है। वो गर्भवती है या नहीं इसका पता सबसे पहले होने वाली माँ को प्रेगनेंसी के लक्षणों से चलता है। इसके बाद वो प्रेगनेंसी टेस्ट के माध्यम से इस बात की पुष्टि करती है।

नौवें महीने में कैसे समझें कि कब डिलीवरी होने वाली है?

गर्भावस्था के नौवें महीने का मतलब यह है कि अब मंजिल आपके बहुत करीब है। बस कुछ ही दिनों में गर्भ में परेशान करने वाला आपका शिशु आपके सामने होगा।

गर्भावस्था के आठवें महीने में कैसे रखें खुद का ख्याल

आठवें महीने अर्थात (29वें सप्ताह से 32वें हफ्ते) में आपने अपने होने वाले शिशु के स्वागत की तैयारियां पूरी कर ली होंगी। इसके साथ ही उन चीज़ों की पैकिंग भी कर ली होगी जिनकी ज़रूरत आपको प्रसव के बाद पड़ेगी।

क्या आपको पता है गर्भावस्था के सातवे महीने में बच्चे का वजन कितना होना चाहिए?

गर्भावस्था के सातवें महीने से ही शुरू हो जाती है तीसरी तिमाही। गर्भावस्था की दूसरी तिमाही जहाँ गर्भावस्था का सबसे सुखद समय होता है वहीं अंतिम के यह महीने न केवल मुश्किल होते हैं बल्कि इस दौरान आपको अपना खास ध्यान रखना पड़ता है।

गर्भावस्था का तीसरा माह: लक्षण, बच्चे का विकास, खानपान व देखभाल

गर्भावस्था का तीसरा माह यानी वो समय जब होने वाली माँ को खुद के साथ-साथ गर्भ में पल रहे शिशु का अधिक ध्यान रखना होता है। गर्भावस्था के तीसरे महीने से पहली तिमाही ख़त्म हो जाती है और शुरुआत होने वाली होती हैं दूसरी तिमाही की।

गर्भावस्था का चौथा महीना: लक्षण, बच्चे का विकास, आहार और देखभाल

गर्भावस्था का चौथा महीना (Fourth Month of Pregnancy) यानि गर्भावस्था के तीन पड़ावों में से दूसरे पड़ाव की शुरुआत। इस समय तक आपने अपने होने वाले बच्चे की छवि अपने मन में बना ली होगी।

गर्भावस्था के पांचवें महीने के लक्षण, बच्चे का विकास, आहार और देखभाल

गर्भावस्था का पांचवां महीना शुरू होते ही गर्भ में शिशु की गतिविधियां बढ़ जाती है हालाँकि महिलाएं इस समय खासतौर पर नयी बनी महिलाएं इन्हें अभी महसूस नहीं कर पाती। इस समय महिला ऊर्जा से भरपूर होती है और उसके चेहरे पर एक खास ग्लो होता है।

प्रेगनेंसी के दौरान पेट दर्द क्यों होता हैं? जानिए इसके कारण व उपाय

गर्भावस्था के दौरान अक्सर महिलाओं को पेट दर्द, मरोड़ और पीड़ा का सामना करना पड़ता है। अगर आपकी गर्भावस्था में कोई दिक्कत नहीं है और यह बिल्कुल सही चल रही है तो पेट में दर्द और मरोड़ होना चिंता का कारण नहीं माना जाता है।

गर्भावस्था से जुड़े 10 रोचक तथ्य जो शायद आपको ना पता हो

गर्भावस्था के दौरान एक महिला के हार्मोन में कई तरह के बदलाव आते है जिसकी वजह से उसके शरीर और दिमाग में बहुत सारे बदलाव आते हैं। घर के और बाहर के कामों के साथ-साथ इन बदलावों को संभालना बहुत मुश्किल हो जाता है हालांकि अधिकांश परिवर्तन महिला को पहले से पता होते हैं।

गर्भावस्था में टहलने के 10 फायदे जिनका जानना आपके लिए बहुत फायदेमंद हैं

प्रेगनेंसी में टहलने से ब्लड सर्क्यूलेशन सही रहता है। यह तनाव को कम करता है और साथ ही सामान्य प्रसव में भी मदद करता है। आइए जानते हैं प्रेगनेंसी के दौरान टहलने के फायदे (Benefits of Walking During Pregnancy)।

जानिएं क्या होता है गर्भावस्था के छठे माह में

गर्भावस्था के पांचवें महीने तक अधिकतर महिलाओं को देखकर ऐसा प्रतीत नहीं होता कि वो गर्भवती हैं लेकिन छठे महीने के साथ ही ख़त्म हो जाती है गर्भावस्था की दूसरी तिमाही और इस महीने में साफ तौर पर आपका पेट दिखना शुरू हो जाता है।

गर्भावस्था का दूसरा महीना: लक्षण, बच्चे का विकास, खानपान व देखभाल

गर्भावस्था का दूसरा महीना यानी शिशु के विकास का दूसरा चरण, जहाँ होने वाली माँ अपने गर्भ में पल रहे शिशु को महसूस करना शुरू कर देती है। इस महीने में जी मचलना, थकावट, बार-बार बाथरूम जाना, पेट दर्द जैसी समस्याएं आपको थोड़ा परेशान कर सकती हैं।

महीने दर महीने कैसे होता है गर्भ में बच्चे का विकास

गर्भावस्था का दौर हर महिला के लिए बेहद खास होता है। यह पल उसके जीवन के सबसे यादगार पल होते हैं। प्रेगनेंसी (pregnancy) के पूरे नौ महीने गर्भ में कुछ ना कुछ बदलाव होते रहते हैं।

गर्भावस्था की तीसरी तिमाही- शारीरिक बदलाव, मानसिक स्थिति, खान-पान व सावधानियां

गर्भावस्था की तीसरी तिमाही (Third Trimester of Pregnancy) में शिशु का विकास लगभग पूरा हो चुका होता है। शिशु के सही विकास और आसान प्रसव के लिए आपको इस समय कई चीज़ों का खास ध्यान रखना पड़ता है।

गर्भावस्था का पहला महीना: लक्षण, बच्चे का विकास, खानपान व देखभाल

गर्भावस्था का पहला महीना बेहद खास होता है। गर्भावस्था के नौ महीनों को तीन तिमाहियों में बांटा गया है और प्रथम महीने से शुरुआत होती है गर्भावस्था की पहली तिमाही (First Trimster) की।

गर्भावस्था की दूसरी तिमाही- शारीरिक बदलाव, मानसिक स्थिति, खान-पान व सावधानियां

गर्भावस्था की दूसरी तिमाही या दूसरा चरण यानी चौथे से लेकर छठे महीने (4th to 6th Month Pregnancy Stage) तक के समय को प्रेगनेंसी का सबसे खुशनुमा समय माना जाता है।

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INTRODUCTION

PATHOGENESIS AND RISK FACTORS

● The fetus does not fully occupy the pelvis, thus allowing a fetal extremity room to prolapse. Predisposing factors include early gestational age, multiple gestation, polyhydramnios, or a large maternal pelvis relative to fetal size [ 2,3 ].

● Membrane rupture occurs when the presenting part is still high, which allows flow of amniotic fluid to carry a fetal extremity, umbilical cord, or both toward the birth canal.

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• शब्द प्रचलन
• शब्द सहेजें

fetal का हिन्दी अर्थ

Fetal के हिन्दी अर्थ, संज्ञा , विशेषण .

• भ्रूण-संबंधी

fetal की परिभाषाएं और अर्थ अंग्रेजी में

Fetal विशेषण.

भ्रूण जैसा , भ्रूण संबंधी , भ्रूण-संबंधी

• "fetal development"

fetal के समानार्थक शब्द

A fetus or foetus is the unborn offspring that develops from a mammal embryo. Following embryonic development, the fetal stage of development takes place. In human prenatal development, fetal development begins from the ninth week after fertilization and continues until the birth of a newborn. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional and some not yet situated in their final anatomical location.

fetal के लिए अन्य शब्द?

fetal के उदाहरण और वाक्य

fetal के राइमिंग शब्द

अंग्रेजी हिन्दी अनुवादक

Words starting with

Fetal का हिन्दी मतलब.

fetal का हिन्दी अर्थ, fetal की परिभाषा, fetal का अनुवाद और अर्थ, fetal के लिए हिन्दी शब्द। fetal के समान शब्द, fetal के समानार्थी शब्द, fetal के पर्यायवाची शब्द। fetal के उच्चारण सीखें और बोलने का अभ्यास करें। fetal का अर्थ क्या है? fetal का हिन्दी मतलब, fetal का मीनिंग, fetal का हिन्दी अर्थ, fetal का हिन्दी अनुवाद

"fetal" के बारे में

fetal का अर्थ हिन्दी में, fetal का इंगलिश अर्थ, fetal का उच्चारण और उदाहरण वाक्य। fetal का हिन्दी मीनिंग, fetal का हिन्दी अर्थ, fetal का हिन्दी अनुवाद

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• विज्ञापन मुक्त अनुभव
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• अर्थ कॉपी करें.

क्या आप पहले से ही एक प्रीमियम उपयोगकर्ता हैं?

• Mammary Glands
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• Abnormal lie, Malpresentation and Malposition
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Abnormal Fetal lie, Malpresentation and Malposition

Original Author(s): Anna Mcclune Last updated: 1st December 2018 Revisions: 12

• 1 Definitions
• 2 Risk Factors
• 3.2 Presentation
• 3.3 Position
• 4 Investigations
• 5.1 Abnormal Fetal Lie
• 5.2 Malpresentation
• 5.3 Malposition

The lie, presentation and position of a fetus are important during labour and delivery.

In this article, we will look at the risk factors, examination and management of abnormal fetal lie, malpresentation and malposition.

Definitions

• Longitudinal, transverse or oblique
• Cephalic vertex presentation is the most common and is considered the safest
• Other presentations include breech, shoulder, face and brow
• Usually the fetal head engages in the occipito-anterior position (the fetal occiput facing anteriorly) – this is ideal for birth
• Other positions include occipito-posterior and occipito-transverse.

Note: Breech presentation is the most common malpresentation, and is covered in detail here .

Fig 1 – The two most common fetal presentations: cephalic and breech.

Risk Factors

The risk factors for abnormal fetal lie, malpresentation and malposition include:

• Multiple pregnancy
• Uterine abnormalities (e.g fibroids, partial septate uterus)
• Fetal abnormalities
• Placenta praevia
• Primiparity

Identifying Fetal Lie, Presentation and Position

The fetal lie and presentation can usually be identified via abdominal examination. The fetal position is ascertained by vaginal examination.

For more information on the obstetric examination, see here .

• Face the patient’s head
• Place your hands on either side of the uterus and gently apply pressure; one side will feel fuller and firmer – this is the back, and fetal limbs may feel ‘knobbly’ on the opposite side

Presentation

• Palpate the lower uterus (above the symphysis pubis) with the fingers of both hands; the head feels hard and round (cephalic) and the bottom feels soft and triangular (breech)
• You may be able to gently push the fetal head from side to side

The fetal lie and presentation may not be possible to identify if the mother has a high BMI, if she has not emptied her bladder, if the fetus is small or if there is polyhydramnios .

During labour, vaginal examination is used to assess the position of the fetal head (in a cephalic vertex presentation). The landmarks of the fetal head, including the anterior and posterior fontanelles, indicate the position.

Fig 2 – Assessing fetal lie and presentation.

Investigations

Any suspected abnormal fetal lie or malpresentation should be confirmed by an ultrasound scan . This could also demonstrate predisposing uterine or fetal abnormalities.

Abnormal Fetal Lie

If the fetal lie is abnormal, an external cephalic version (ECV) can be attempted – ideally between 36 and 38 weeks gestation.

ECV is the manipulation of the fetus to a cephalic presentation through the maternal abdomen.

It has an approximate success rate of 50% in primiparous women and 60% in multiparous women. Only 8% of breech presentations will spontaneously revert to cephalic in primiparous women over 36 weeks gestation.

Complications of ECV are rare but include fetal distress , premature rupture of membranes, antepartum haemorrhage (APH) and placental abruption. The risk of an emergency caesarean section (C-section) within 24 hours is around 1 in 200.

ECV is contraindicated in women with a recent APH, ruptured membranes, uterine abnormalities or a previous C-section .

Fig 3 – External cephalic version.

Malpresentation

The management of malpresentation is dependent on the presentation.

• Breech – attempt ECV before labour, vaginal breech delivery or C-section
• Brow – a C-section is necessary
• If the chin is anterior (mento-anterior) a normal labour is possible; however, it is likely to be prolonged and there is an increased risk of a C-section being required
• If the chin is posterior (mento-posterior) then a C-section is necessary
• Shoulder – a C-section is necessary

Malposition

90% of malpositions spontaneously rotate to occipito-anterior as labour progresses. If the fetal head does not rotate, rotation and operative vaginal delivery can be attempted. Alternatively a C-section can be performed.

• Usually the fetal head engages in the occipito-anterior position (the fetal occiput facing anteriorly) - this is ideal for birth

If the fetal lie is abnormal, an external cephalic version (ECV) can be attempted - ideally between 36 and 38 weeks gestation.

• Breech - attempt ECV before labour, vaginal breech delivery or C-section

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The evolution of fetal presentation during pregnancy: a retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study

Affiliations.

• 1 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
• 2 Teaching Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Ruda Slaska, Medical University of Silesia, Ruda Slaska, Poland.
• PMID: 25753199
• DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12626

We investigated changes in the frequencies of four primary types of singleton fetal lie/presentation for each gestational week from 18 to 39 weeks in a retrospective, cross-sectional study which analyzed ultrasound examination records of fetal positions, in the outpatient prenatal diagnosis clinics in two cities in Poland. We calculated the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for each type of lie/presentation. We then identified the gestational age after which no statistically significant changes in terms of prevalence were observed, by comparing the results at each week with the prevalence of cephalic presentation at 39(+0) weeks, used as reference. A total of 18 019 ultrasound examinations were used. From 22 to 36 weeks of gestation, the prevalence of cephalic presentation increased from 47% (45-50%) to 94% (91-96%), before and after which times plateaus were noted. Spontaneous change from breech to cephalic is unlikely to occur after 36 weeks of gestation.

Keywords: Fetal lie; breech; cephalic; external version; fetal presentation.

© 2015 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Publication types

• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Gestational Age
• Labor Presentation*
• Retrospective Studies
• Ultrasonography, Prenatal

• Hindi to English
• English to Hindi
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Cephalic मीनिंग : Meaning of Cephalic in Hindi - Definition and Translation

• हिन्दी से अंग्रेजी
• Spell Check
• cephalic Meaning
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CEPHALIC MEANING IN HINDI - EXACT MATCHES

OTHER RELATED WORDS

Definition of cephalic.

• of or relating to the head

RELATED OPPOSITE WORDS (Antonyms):

Information provided about cephalic:.

Cephalic meaning in Hindi : Get meaning and translation of Cephalic in Hindi language with grammar,antonyms,synonyms and sentence usages by ShabdKhoj. Know answer of question : what is meaning of Cephalic in Hindi? Cephalic ka matalab hindi me kya hai (Cephalic का हिंदी में मतलब ). Cephalic meaning in Hindi (हिन्दी मे मीनिंग ) is शीर्ष.English definition of Cephalic : of or relating to the head

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Meaning summary.

Antonym/Opposite Words : caudal

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