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Education in Pakistan: problems, challenges and perspectives

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said and I quote:

“Education is a matter of life and death for Pakistan. The world is progressing so rapidly that without requisite advance in education, not only shall we lag behind others but maybe wiped out altogether.”

The education section of the executive summary of the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2021-22 notes: “Pakistan is committed to transform its education system into a high-quality global-market demand-driven system in accordance with Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) .” However, the reality is vastly different.

The literacy rate in Pakistan in 2021 was only 62.8%. Any gains in literacy rates over the last many years have been small, slow and marginal.

In 2021-22, we spent only 1.77% of GDP on education-related expenditure at both the federal and provincial levels. Most UN agencies recommend that the minimum expenditure on education should be 4% of GDP. In recent years, the highest percentage of GDP we have spent on education was in 2017-18, when education expenditures were raised to 2.12%. The usual argument given for lack of spending on education has always been and still is that we do not have the resources.

In Pakistan, the current literacy rate is 62.3%. In Budget 1.7% of GDP has been allocated as Education Budget which is lowest in the region. The expenditure of Rs 74,609 billion has been allocated for Tertiary Education Affairs & Services in budget 2022-23; Rs 3,786 billion for pre-primary & primary education; Rs 8,863 billion for Secondary Education Affairs and Rs 2 billion for administration. Rs 44,174 billion has been earmarked for Higher Education Commission ( HEC ) under the Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) for the year 2022-23. (Business Recorder June 11, 2022).

According to data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2017-18, the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) shows Pakistan’s slow performance being ranked 129th of the 137 countries, on the Health and Primary Education related elements of competitiveness, when compared with other countries in the region like India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. The structure of school education system in the public sector is depicted in Fig. below.

Figure Above: The structure of school education system in Pakistan (Pre-Primary to Higher Secondary)

Education system creates sense of responsibility among people and they come to know the methods to achieve their national, societal and personal rights and it also enhances their general consciousness needed to deliver their duties as citizens towards their Nation. Once the realization originates, people start working for the development and prosperity of their motherland in the atmosphere of trust and co-operation.

The polarization and non – unified education system has resulted into outraged political turmoil, deadly terrorism, incessant sectorial violence, social disruption, economic instability and degeneration of government system. Whether it is poverty, non-availability of jobs, security uncertainty, sectarianism or terrorism, lack of tolerance, lack of general awareness, illiteracy, all are off shoots of the poor, inefficient and ineffective education system. The lowest budget allocation, a realm of large number of ineffective education policies has badly failed to take country out of economic, social, political and development quagmire.

Education has fundamental role in the economic, social, political and structural development of any nation. Many of the economic issues like poverty , overpopulation, unemployment , resource mobilization, inflation, exchange rate drastic fluctuation, housing, infrastructure, and health can be reduced and handled by improving education system in Pakistan. Education can also solve social issues like Baradari system, Wadera Culture, Chaudary regime and slave mentality. The political issues like battle for power by different politicians, lawlessness, fraud, corruption, religious riots, extremism, processions to gain popularity, use of indecent remarks, no public service, no human investment to save the lives of ignorant and deprived humans. Structural Development like transition from primitive methodologies to modern strategies; Shifts from Agriculture to Industry, hand made tools to mechanization, from physical conventional education system to Online Education and adoption of highly sophisticated and up to the mark technology can only happen with the strong Education Policy and implementation of country’s education system.

Pakistan, since its inception has failed to establish an education system which can fulfill the aspirations of the general public. Being a developing country, Pakistan is facing multifaceted problems and issues in the education sector. There are many issues prevalent and practiced in Pakistan’s Education System at all levels of Education – primary, secondary – colleges or universities.

The educational institutions within the country are divided into following categories: (1) Pre-primary School (2) Primary School (3) Middle School (4) High School (5) Higher Secondary (6) Inter-colleges (7) Degree Colleges (8) Universities (9) Non-formal Basic Education (10) Education foundations (11) Technical & Vocational Institutions (12) Teacher Training Institutions (13) Deeni Madaris

Pakistan’s schooling system consists of three main school types namely public sector schools, private sector schools and Deeni Madaris. These are further divided as public and private mainly due to curriculum and examination systems used in the schools and the language of instructions used by teachers.

The Broad Categories on education level are:

School Education (Pre-primary – Class 12) College Education (Degree Colleges Class 13-14) University Education

The education system of Pakistan is comprised of 305,763 institutions accommodating 51,186,560 9 students and 2,073,433 teachers. The system is composed of 189,748 (62%) public institutions and 116,015 (38%) private institutions, which also include 31,115 Deeni Madaris. The public sector is serving 28.49 million (56%) students to complete their education while the remaining 22.70 million (44%) are enrolled in the private sector of education. About 38 percent private educational institutions are facilitating 44 percent of students showing a slightly higher per-institution enrolment ratio in the private sector compared to the public sector.

There are a total of 186 universities & degree awarding institutions catering to the needs of higher degree students in both public and private sectors of education. Out of these universities, 111 (60%) are working under umbrella of public sector, whereas 75 (40%) are working in the private sector.

The total enrolment in the universities and degree awarding institutions is 1.576 million. Out of these 1.266 million (80%) students are enrolled in public sector whereas, 0.309 million (20%) students are studying in private universities and degree awarding institutions. In the overall national scenario only four percent students have access to university education. The total male enrolment in the universities is 0.881 million (56%), whereas, the female enrolment is 0.695 million (44%) . There are 56,885 teachers imparting higher education to the students in these universities. Universities in the public sector employ 38,011 (67%) teachers while those in the private sector have 18,874 (33%) teachers.

The significant issues of Education system are lack of Budget Allocation, lack of Policy Implementation, Faulty examination System, Poor Infra Structure of Educational Institutions, Lack of Teacher’s quality, low enrolment, Wayward and Directionless Education system, High scale drop outs, Increasing Political Interference, Out dated curriculum, corruption, Poor Management and Supervision, lack of Uniformity, lack of research, lack of faculty training and Development, Cost of Education, Terrorist Attacks, Cultural Constraints, lack of Parent input, Widening gap between Educational Institutions and Community, lack of Academia Industry Linkage program and Learning Crisis etc.

Education is the nurturing and nourishing force for the construction of strong and impressive societal set up, prominent development and significant growth of the country. Education explores new dimensions and polishes the hidden talent, potential, capabilities and strengths of individuals and redirect these forces towards the rise of Pakistan as a powerful nation on the global horizon.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah envisioned Education System of Pakistan as the driving force behind all the national goals. In the first National Education Conference held at Karachi. It was decided that Education System will work according to the National aspirations of Pakistan and it will be truly related to the needs of the people of Pakistan. The father of Nation said, “The magnificent goal of Education sector will be to develop character of Pakistan, high sense of responsibility, social integrity, selfless service to the Nation and morality on the part of the people of Pakistan.

Critical analysis of the problems and issues of education system in Pakistan.

These are the most dominant issues and problems of our Education System which needs to be addressed and to find remedial solutions for these issues and put forward recommendations for the positive change in our prevalent Education System.

1- Lack of uniformity

The Education System is not Uniform and is based on differentiated Education System like Public Institutions, Private Institutions and Deeni Madaris. There has been accelerated polarization in the Education System due to divisive Pakistani Education System. This has penetrated into cultural veins of the Nation. The recent waves of Sectarianism and Terrorism are the consequences of this divisible system. Polarized Education System has further divided society on political, economic and social grounds instead of uniting people. This division is leading towards further segregation on linguistic and religious levels and cutting knee deep the ideological foundation of the Nation.

2- Education without direction

A sound Education System is essential for every nation of the world. All nations develop their people or human resources on the basis of rigorous focus on Education and Training . We have poor and direction less education system with lack of cohesion and more prone towards general education without creation of Skillful man power resulting into massive unemployment. It also results into massive political, social, economic and cultural distress among people. There is no use of science and technology in the education system. Students are unable to develop critical thinking, creativity, imagination, reasoning, experimentation, innovation and invention

3- Outdated curriculum

We are still following the old fashioned and outdated Education System of rote memorization, cramming the facts and figures without realizing the holistic development of individuals. The objective of Education should be development of psychological, philosophical and sociological foundations of Education. The present curriculum is not motivating learners for practical research and development, scientific knowledge and reflective observation.

4- Lack of professional development of teachers

There are few training institutes but have lack of funds, lack of resourceful and trained trainers and administers. There are no defined standards of training and development. The courses and trainings are outdated, traditional without exposure to modern technology, motivation, quality of teachers and enhancement of skills .

5- Lack of quality teacher

According to UNESCO report, the quality of educational institutions and teacher is low. The situation is grimmer in remote parts of Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan where there is non availability of teachers. Teachers are not using new methods of teaching and learning, no lesson planning, old method of cramming, no research, no use of libraries or internet, no book reading. Students are promoted to next class on the basis of cramming and memorization of facts and figures without knowledge in depth, no conceptualization, no understanding of topics in the books without relevance in schools.

6- Alarming dropouts

Lack of management and discipline in schools leads many students to drop out from school. This trend is due to punishment in schools, poor parenting, lack of motivation, unattractive school environment, child labor & poverty are also very significant reasons of huge drop out from schools, colleges and universities. It shows that almost 30% of children enrolled in primary education. This trend has added to low literacy rate in Pakistan.

7- Examination system

Students are evaluated on the basis of annual exams, semester wise assessments. Both quantitative and qualitative exams should be introduced to judge the performance of students on comprehensive level and exams should evaluate the student’s ability through various types of reliable assessments like case studies, research papers, MCQs, Comprehensive subjective questions, Analytical questions to check the conceptual understanding of students especially in higher classes (Rehman, 2011).

In Pakistan examination system is faulty and it tests only the memory of students, there is use of unfair means, bribery, cheating, issuance of duplicate marks sheets, changes of marks, change of answer sheets, impersonation. This present examination system has promoted rote memorization and cramming. It has badly failed in producing critical thinking, analytical skills, learning, intellectual power and visionary reflection in the students at all levels of education. It does not measure the strength, achievements and performance of students (Quereshi, 1975).

Modular system of examination in Medical Universities is producing incompetent students with insufficient knowledge of Anatomy which is the backbone of medicine studies. In modular system a single paper for three subjects is given to students. Students prepare easy subjects to pass the exam and leave the difficult and important subject of Anatomy for choice. Therefore, this method has tarnished the strong foundations of learning and performing badly. Doctors produced with such type of examination with lack of proper understanding of subject will not be able to serve the humanity honestly and do the justice with their profession.

In our education system educational institutions are used as breeding grounds for political parties and in colleges and universities these groups nurture. Students get benefits by being part of any political party during exams. A list of students is provided to the teacher by the student leader to pass them in the exam, admissions are given on the party basis, exams are marked and checked on party basis because mostly teachers are also working for parties while sitting in educational institutions. During Board or University exam by giving money to the invigilator, students are allowed to cheat in the exam, Students throw question paper outside the window and one of the party rep climbs up the tree near the window with Megaphone and starts dictating answers by calling up question numbers. Honest Teachers are threatened and sometimes gunned and killed in case they are not willing to listen to the unfair demands of the students of different parties.

Some of the teachers are also involved in malpractices. They leak the paper by charging handsome amounts or solve the papers for students or allow students to solve the papers by cheating from books, material or from some good student. In board exams, before submission of sheets to the board office representative student is asked to write down correct answers. Teachers are themselves involved in such political activities and award “F” grade to students who are not in their party.

In Russia there is no exam system like ours. Students study through out the year and at the end of year teacher can ask any question from the book to pass the candidate and check his understanding & knowledge of the subject.

8- Poor supervision standards

To monitor teaching and learning, poor and harsh standards of evaluation and punishment are used which in some case leads to termination of jobs . At primary school level teacher’s evaluation is not possible. Secondary Schools/Cambridge Schools are evaluated through Board exam results/CAIE results. In college, again Board or University exam results are the criteria to judge the academic performance of Student and Teacher’s teaching. Whereas, actually there is an increase in tuitions instead of relying on School or College teaching. Students and their parents are compelled to go for tuitions due pressure of good grades and admissions in good educational institutions. There are many tuition centres, coaching centres, academies where the same teachers who were unable to impart quality education give quality tuitions by charging heavy amounts and prepare students well to score good grades. The low salaries demotivate them in their institutions to impart good education. In Universities students are given power to evaluate teaching and their grading becomes part of an Annual Evaluation Report which is essential for promotion or benefit of the faculty. This system is again polluted by involvement of computer department staff, Student coordinators and by bribing students to give bad remarks about any teacher. Some insincere and corrupt teachers mark students’ attendance and give them good marks, tell them questions of exams and do immoral activities to get good evaluation from students. Teachers who are honest and hard working are ranked low by students. Even at higher education institutions there is lobbying and politics through which false evaluation against any faculty can be prepared to get rid of the unwanted faculty by the management. So, in short, supervision system is more prone to harassment and control over the teaching staff rather than providing proper guideline and training for the improvement of teaching methodologies & strategies. (Rehman, 2011).

9- Internal and external influence

In Education sector external factors are coming outside the system through politicians and they bring changes in the system to give favor to their families, relatives, friends etc. Internal factors are bureaucratic manipulations (Mazhar, 2011).

There is great favoritism and Nepotism in cases of transfers, Appointments, Promotions, Salaries, Grades & Work Stations. Due to this the basic Infrastructure of the Education System in Pakistan has been badly affected (LOUIS, 1987).

10- Lack of resources

There are not proper Libraries with physical space for Students to Study. Books are not available, No digital libraries, no computer Facility in the library especially in public sector colleges & universities. No proper lighting, no AC, no Generators in case of power break down are available to make studies more comfortable for the desirous and ambitious students. Class rooms are over-crowded, corridors are flooded with students, Inadequate and Inefficient teachers, Laboratories without required apparatus & equipment of practical learning have resulted into a situation of despair and low standard of Education (Louis, 1987).

11- Lack of policy implementation

Frequent political turmoil and change of governments have made policy implementation in its true letter and spirit impossible. Corruption, Lack of Resources, Lack of teacher’s involvement in policies and inconsistency in successive planning on the part of various political regimes in Pakistan. Teachers are ignored while designing Education policies which has led to alienation between teachers and the system of Education (Zaki, 1989).

12- Low budgetary allocation for education

Education system in Pakistan has been crippled mainly due allocation of scarce financial resources in budget. The Education Budget which is definitely not sufficient to fulfill the growing needs of population and involvement of modern technology in the education system, low salaries, high taxation are also hindering the growth of this sector. Taxes are even imposed on the hourly payment of visiting faculty at the rate of ten percent from filers and twenty percent from non-filers which is really unjustified and reduces the meagre earning.

In many countries like Bangladesh & Sri Lanka the Education share in total budget of the country is increasing but in Pakistan it is continuously declining (Sayan, 2012).

13- Corruption

Corruption is another factor responsible for deterioration of the Education System, use of unfair means, nepotism, favors in transfer, promotion and appointments and decision making, misuse of funds, use of illegal authority by the school management, Gender based exploitation and harassment are the subsidiaries of corruption .

14- Lack of faculty training and development

Educational institutions do not spend available funds on the training and development of teachers. They are neither sent to attend the workshops, courses, seminars or conferences to groom themselves and learn the modern techniques and methodologies of teaching. Here again only few favorite teachers are selected for these trainings and most of the teachers remain deprived of any opportunity to groom their teaching skills.

15- Non- availability of public transport/ parking/traffic congestion

Most of the private schools are located in residential areas usually in bungalows to avoid taxes. Here the big issue is non-availability of public transport, parking and traffic congestion on daily basis. This makes both students and teachers tired and stressed because of wastage of lots of time of travelling to and from school to home. This unnecessary delay in timings also affects the quality of education. Mostly schools do not provide their conveyance to students, teachers and staff but ask them to avail transport of the companies with which the senior management set commission.

16- Opening up of large nuber of private schools

There is opening up of various private schools with a shift from Matric system to O & A level with Up-to-date modern technologies. They have comparatively better infrastructure, spacious class rooms, low strengths of class, more trained teachers, with proper sanitary conditions, counselors, doctors, psychologist, its teachers, sports teacher, swimming pools, etc. Creativity of students is enhanced through various activities. These facilities are missing in public schools so parents prefer to send their children to nearby private schools.

17- Politics in education

Different political parties prepare their representatives amongst students. Different teachers also involve them in this exercise as party members. These teacher in exchange of this get favors and benefits from parties by helping their students in getting admissions, provision of question papers, awarding of good grades as per list provided by the party.

18- Compulsion to purchase stationery, syllabus, uniforms and other items from school shop

School management compels parents to purchase the required stationery, syllabus, uniforms and all other required study material from their own school’s shop where the rates are too high as compared to the open market. This puts burden on the finances of the family and parents have to change the school or leave the school. The school charge fess for 3 moths and invest this amount in different profit schemes to earn interest on it.

During COVID-19 pandemic when due lock down schools were closed and even online classes were not in practice, school charged full fee from the students and parents had no option except listening to the management and doing as they demand to keep admission of their child locked and secured.

19- Entry tests, coaching and paper out

All the admissions have been linked with admission test in more or less all institutions making the credibility of different schools, boards, colleges and universities doubtful just to give benefits to the students who are non-deserving and not coming on merit with their results. Every year we hear about MCAT test, usually tests are postponed or test paper is out and re-exam is arranged and many of the students with good grades are pushed out of the admission list. The private colleges have their own test criteria and select students as per their own policies and even charge fees as per their own policies. Most of the deserving, hard working students due to the demand of heavy fees are forced to move towards some other institution. Every year PMDC is dissolved. For these entry tests students join academies, tuition centres and coaching centre and pay high charges to prepare for admission in all these high ranked Engineering and Medical institutes.

These admission tests are introduced to favor their own families, relatives, friends or workers of the political parties to strengthen their vote bank in their constituency.

These tests are fake, their results are fake, the merit lists displayed are fake. In this way many deserving students do not get chance to pursue education of their own choice.

20- Theoretical knowledge inplace of practical learning

Students are given only bookish theoretical knowledge instead of practical knowledge. Most of the students even after getting degrees do not meet the requirement of jobs and are unable to be absorbed in the working population. Students should be sent at least for one semester in organizations before their graduation so that they may become acquainted with the office environment and familiar with the working of different reputable organizations. Activities, Role plays, Case Studies, Worksheets, Research Projects, Seminars, Symposiums, Lecture Series, Events should be organized for the students with their hundred percent involvement so the students not only own the activity but get an opportunity to meet influential people from big companies of reputable brands.

21- Lack of liaison between industry and educational institutions

Mostly universities have no liaison with industries and therefore their students face problems at the time of induction. Universities should invite industrialists to teach courses especially in the last two semester of their studies so that students can learn about the ins and outs of the industrial workings and may get a chance of absorption in the industry as employees.

22- Non-participatory in nation building

Education Sector is not playing any role in Nation Building. Our Education System is producing students with mindset that only foreign countries are providing good education and to get good job it is necessary to become foreign graduates. Mostly Students lack patriotism, civic sense, loyalty and love for their homeland and people living here and treat them as inferior to the foreign world. So being Status conscious and due ostentatious effect our crème has moved abroad for higher education. On the other hand, students who get them enrolled here in Pakistan after getting degrees and job search find it best to move abroad for higher studies, job and career growth. Once they get job, they prefer to stay there on permanent basis and become citizens of that country with dual nationality status. Our best youth has settled in European Countries, USA, UK, Canada, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, Malaysia, South Africa and Gulf Region and rendering their best services and earning handsome salaries and maintaining luxury life styles in those countries without any fear of security, terrorist attacks, bomb blasts, sectarian riots, traffic congestions, pollution, Smog, energy Shortage etc. By being there they feel satisfied and happy. They do not send any remittances here instead they are calling up their families, relatives and friends to come and transfer their assets to those countries making Pakistan’s economy weaker with this outflow of resources. Our Doctors, Engineers, Architects, Retired Army Officers, Bankers, health workers paramedical staff, skilled labor, business graduates, pilots, Air men, Air Technicians, Aircraft Engineers, Educationists, Insurance Agents, Scientists and Researcher have moved to Western countries and are not willing to come back or serve the Nation.

23- Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratio

These ratios are very important. If there are more peoples in one class then teacher cannot give individual attention to students. Weak students are neglected and gap between strong and weak students widens. If pupil school ratio increases then infrastructure does not accommodate the increased number of students and in place of two students, three or four students are asked to sit. Other facilities like availability of labs, computers, access to canteens, sports items, playgrounds, washrooms etc. become less for the large number of people. If schools have low number of teachers hirings then work load for one teacher is overburdened and individual attention, mood, behavior, marking of copies/assignments or imparting of quality education is disturbed. The ideal class size is 30 students at most for one teacher but in our universities sometimes more than 100 students are accommodated in one class.

24- Non-availability of electricity

Load shedding and energy crisis in the country has devastatingly ruined the quality of education. In summer when the weather is hot and humid, then in the class of 68-70 students when teacher has very limited space to move, then there is suffocation, lack of oxygen, smell of sweat and loss of student’s attention in studies. This is a source of big demotivation for students and teachers and they want to leave.

25- Non-availability of drinking and washing water in toilets

In most of the schools clean drinking water is not available. Mostly the washrooms are not cleaned on regular basis so health hazards are faced by the students and teachers especially female students suffer a lot because of this. Mostly, schools’ students suffer from cholera, diarrhea, typhoid etc.

26- Non-availability of boundary wall

There are many schools in villages, towns and even cities where schools are working without boundary walls, which has become a security hazard.

27- Terrorist attacks and child killing

Terrorist attacks in schools like APS, Peshawar where a large number of students were killed. Schools are force to provide security to students. Attacks on students, teachers, on school buses, entrance of school buildings have decreased enrollment in schools.

28- Female students and female teachers’ harassment

Female students and female teachers are sexually harassed by male teachers. Many students are threatened not to speak against the culprit. In universities many male teachers award good grades to female students after their sexual assault. In jobs, females involved in such type of illicit activities and involved with the management get all kind of benefits of increments; increase in salaries, courses abroad, promotions and in some cases female faculty was awarded PhD degrees even when their research work was not up to the mark and rejected by external supervisors.

29- Parent’s input for improvement of education system at all levels

Parents should be involved at all education levels to maintain the high standards of education and learning.

30- Cost of education

The economic cost is higher in private schools and they are located in rich localities only though they provide better quality of education. Public schools ensure equitable access but low-quality education.

31- Cultural constraints and traditional taboos

Due to cultural constraints and traditional taboos parents prefer early marriages of their girls instead of sending them to schools. Similarly, mothers feel comfortable when girls stay home and help mothers in baby sitting and finishing household chores. In some of the areas only boys are sent to schools considering them as head of the future families and girls are asked to learn some family skills like embroidery, weaving, pottery or for cattle care.

32- Illiteracy of parents and parental concerns

Due to non – availability of Education and lack of awareness poor parents have number of children in the hope that they will become their earning hands and instead of sending them to school their mothers working in different houses as domestic help take them along for the baby sitting of the children of theses houses and demand money for that. They think that investing girls will be of benefit to the in laws or her husband since they will not get any return from it so its better as long as girls are staying in their homes they should earn and bring money for the family.

33- Learning crisis:

The education system is not producing students who are learning from education as per the requirement of the standard in which they are studying. Maybe a student studying in class five does have the knowledge of class two or three only. This Learning Crisis has become the biggest issue of our current education system. It means there is wide gap between school input and school output.

34- Distance:

There are many schools which are far from some of villages and there are no means of transportation and children have to walk on foot to reach schools miles away from their homes which is not possible for girl students to do as parents do not want to send their girls unattended and do not accompany them since they have to work to meet both ends.

Recommendations:

• Budget allocation should be increased as per international standards of education.
• Schools should be shifted on solar system to handle the issue of load shedding.
• Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratios should be balanced and class strength, teacher’s number and number of classrooms should be in accordance to the international education standards.
• Boundary walls should be made. Security staff should be hired, CCTV cameras should be installed, student teacher and staff should be issued identity cards.
• For teacher training and development quality professional institutes with sufficient funds should be set up.
• Political and bureaucratic influence should be minimized at all educational levels.
• The system of accountability should be strengthened and all associated in education system are trained to own responsibilities both at individual and collective basis.
• Curriculum should be revised on annual basis and new strategies and methods should be incorporated to align our education system with other countries.
• Examination system should be made free of unfair means, Mafia culture and illegal gratification. Supervision and monitoring should be strong to subside this element.
• Policies should be implemented with delay and in continuity to get their outcomes.
• The culture of research should be promoted in the educational institutions.
• There should be Academia industrial linkage programs to make our education practical and our students capable of absorption in the job market.
• Introduction of technical and vocational trainings at secondary schools.
• Increasing public expenditure on education and skill generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% of GDP and then to 7% of GDP.
• Reduce polarization and try to introduce uniform standards at all types of schools.
• Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular.

Conclusion:

Sense education is developing not only mind but it also cleans and grooms our body and soul. We not only get education for economic reason but to handle social, political, psychological, ethical, legal and spiritual issues of our life. Education turns a raw human into a polished human being which becomes human capital of any nation and key to the development of that country. With education many countries are ruling the world and have become leaders in the comity of nations. The current system has made our younger generation direction directionless and uncertain about their future so they are leaving Pakistan and settling down in developed countries. The lawlessness, fear of loss of life, terrorist attacks, unemployment, inflation, exchange rate fluctuation, overpopulation, poverty, taxes and IMF loans are producing forces of degree holders without any vision, mission, critical thinking, reflection, analysis, research and creativity. Our outdated curriculum is pushing our youth towards stone age instead of directing them towards the fast-changing technology driven world. Traditional teaching is giving theoretical knowledge to students but practical learning is missing.

Finally, education reforms are the only solution to change the existing education system so following recommendations are suggested for the policy makers, thinkers, researchers, educationists and common people. Hope it will add value in the research and development of both student and teachers.

References:

• http://library.aepam.edu.pk/Books/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%202017-18.pdf
• https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED570671.pdf
• https://contentgenerate.com/problems-of-education-sector-solutions-pakistan-content-generate/
• https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_22/PES10-EDUCATION.pdf
• https://ipripak.org/education-system-of-pakistan-issues-problems-and-solutions/
• https://www.morenews.pk/real-issues-education-system-pakistan/
• Zaki W. M., “Evaluation of Education Plans and Projects”, Islamabad, National Book Foundation, 1989.
• Save the Children & UNICEF “Disciplining The Child Practices and Impacts”, NWFP: School & Lietarcy Department, 2005.
• Rehman H. and Khan N., “The flaws in Pakistan’s Education System”, Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, vol/issue: 4(1), 2011.
• Louis D. H., “The crises of Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Vanguard Book Ltd., 1987.
• Iqbal M., “Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Aziz publishers, 1981.
• Qurashi I. H., “Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Ma,aref LTD, 1975.
• Sayan, Fida, and Hussain, “Pakistan existing education system”, 2008. Retrieved from Retrieved from www.eric.articles/pak/edu on dated 2012, July 18.
• Naseem J. Q., “Problem of Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Royal Book Company, 1990.
• Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Education. “National Assessment Findings”, Islamabad, National Education System, 2006.
• Ahmed, Iqbal.,” Critical Analysis of the Problems of Education in Pakistan: Possible Solutions”, . International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol.3, No.2, June 2014, pp. 79~84 ISSN: 2252-8822.

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Educational Problems and issues in Pakistan essay

The education system in pakistan - issues and problems, 1. lack of schools and colleges, 3. nonavailability proper infrastructure in schools, 4. shortage of teaching staff, 5. defective examination system, 6. involvement of students in politics, 7. lack of co-curricular activities, 8. lack of technical education, no comments:.

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The pandemic has had devastating impacts on learning. What will it take to help students catch up?

Subscribe to the brown center on education policy newsletter, megan kuhfeld , megan kuhfeld senior research scientist - nwea @megankuhfeld jim soland , jim soland assistant professor, school of education and human development - university of virginia, affiliated research fellow - nwea @jsoland karyn lewis , and karyn lewis director, center for school and student progress - nwea @karynlew emily morton emily morton research scientist - nwea @emily_r_morton.

March 3, 2022

As we reach the two-year mark of the initial wave of pandemic-induced school shutdowns, academic normalcy remains out of reach for many students, educators, and parents. In addition to surging COVID-19 cases at the end of 2021, schools have faced severe staff shortages , high rates of absenteeism and quarantines , and rolling school closures . Furthermore, students and educators continue to struggle with mental health challenges , higher rates of violence and misbehavior , and concerns about lost instructional time .

As we outline in our new research study released in January, the cumulative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ academic achievement has been large. We tracked changes in math and reading test scores across the first two years of the pandemic using data from 5.4 million U.S. students in grades 3-8. We focused on test scores from immediately before the pandemic (fall 2019), following the initial onset (fall 2020), and more than one year into pandemic disruptions (fall 2021).

Average fall 2021 math test scores in grades 3-8 were 0.20-0.27 standard deviations (SDs) lower relative to same-grade peers in fall 2019, while reading test scores were 0.09-0.18 SDs lower. This is a sizable drop. For context, the math drops are significantly larger than estimated impacts from other large-scale school disruptions, such as after Hurricane Katrina—math scores dropped 0.17 SDs in one year for New Orleans evacuees .

Even more concerning, test-score gaps between students in low-poverty and high-poverty elementary schools grew by approximately 20% in math (corresponding to 0.20 SDs) and 15% in reading (0.13 SDs), primarily during the 2020-21 school year. Further, achievement tended to drop more between fall 2020 and 2021 than between fall 2019 and 2020 (both overall and differentially by school poverty), indicating that disruptions to learning have continued to negatively impact students well past the initial hits following the spring 2020 school closures.

These numbers are alarming and potentially demoralizing, especially given the heroic efforts of students to learn and educators to teach in incredibly trying times. From our perspective, these test-score drops in no way indicate that these students represent a “ lost generation ” or that we should give up hope. Most of us have never lived through a pandemic, and there is so much we don’t know about students’ capacity for resiliency in these circumstances and what a timeline for recovery will look like. Nor are we suggesting that teachers are somehow at fault given the achievement drops that occurred between 2020 and 2021; rather, educators had difficult jobs before the pandemic, and now are contending with huge new challenges, many outside their control.

Clearly, however, there’s work to do. School districts and states are currently making important decisions about which interventions and strategies to implement to mitigate the learning declines during the last two years. Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) investments from the American Rescue Plan provided nearly $200 billion to public schools to spend on COVID-19-related needs. Of that sum, $22 billion is dedicated specifically to addressing learning loss using “evidence-based interventions” focused on the “ disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on underrepresented student subgroups. ” Reviews of district and state spending plans (see Future Ed , EduRecoveryHub , and RAND’s American School District Panel for more details) indicate that districts are spending their ESSER dollars designated for academic recovery on a wide variety of strategies, with summer learning, tutoring, after-school programs, and extended school-day and school-year initiatives rising to the top.

Comparing the negative impacts from learning disruptions to the positive impacts from interventions

To help contextualize the magnitude of the impacts of COVID-19, we situate test-score drops during the pandemic relative to the test-score gains associated with common interventions being employed by districts as part of pandemic recovery efforts. If we assume that such interventions will continue to be as successful in a COVID-19 school environment, can we expect that these strategies will be effective enough to help students catch up? To answer this question, we draw from recent reviews of research on high-dosage tutoring , summer learning programs , reductions in class size , and extending the school day (specifically for literacy instruction) . We report effect sizes for each intervention specific to a grade span and subject wherever possible (e.g., tutoring has been found to have larger effects in elementary math than in reading).

Figure 1 shows the standardized drops in math test scores between students testing in fall 2019 and fall 2021 (separately by elementary and middle school grades) relative to the average effect size of various educational interventions. The average effect size for math tutoring matches or exceeds the average COVID-19 score drop in math. Research on tutoring indicates that it often works best in younger grades, and when provided by a teacher rather than, say, a parent. Further, some of the tutoring programs that produce the biggest effects can be quite intensive (and likely expensive), including having full-time tutors supporting all students (not just those needing remediation) in one-on-one settings during the school day. Meanwhile, the average effect of reducing class size is negative but not significant, with high variability in the impact across different studies. Summer programs in math have been found to be effective (average effect size of .10 SDs), though these programs in isolation likely would not eliminate the COVID-19 test-score drops.

Figure 1: Math COVID-19 test-score drops compared to the effect sizes of various educational interventions

Source: COVID-19 score drops are pulled from Kuhfeld et al. (2022) Table 5; reduction-in-class-size results are from pg. 10 of Figles et al. (2018) Table 2; summer program results are pulled from Lynch et al (2021) Table 2; and tutoring estimates are pulled from Nictow et al (2020) Table 3B. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals are shown with vertical lines on each bar.

Notes: Kuhfeld et al. and Nictow et al. reported effect sizes separately by grade span; Figles et al. and Lynch et al. report an overall effect size across elementary and middle grades. We were unable to find a rigorous study that reported effect sizes for extending the school day/year on math performance. Nictow et al. and Kraft & Falken (2021) also note large variations in tutoring effects depending on the type of tutor, with larger effects for teacher and paraprofessional tutoring programs than for nonprofessional and parent tutoring. Class-size reductions included in the Figles meta-analysis ranged from a minimum of one to minimum of eight students per class.

Figure 2 displays a similar comparison using effect sizes from reading interventions. The average effect of tutoring programs on reading achievement is larger than the effects found for the other interventions, though summer reading programs and class size reduction both produced average effect sizes in the ballpark of the COVID-19 reading score drops.

Figure 2: Reading COVID-19 test-score drops compared to the effect sizes of various educational interventions

Source: COVID-19 score drops are pulled from Kuhfeld et al. (2022) Table 5; extended-school-day results are from Figlio et al. (2018) Table 2; reduction-in-class-size results are from pg. 10 of Figles et al. (2018) ; summer program results are pulled from Kim & Quinn (2013) Table 3; and tutoring estimates are pulled from Nictow et al (2020) Table 3B. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals are shown with vertical lines on each bar.

Notes: While Kuhfeld et al. and Nictow et al. reported effect sizes separately by grade span, Figlio et al. and Kim & Quinn report an overall effect size across elementary and middle grades. Class-size reductions included in the Figles meta-analysis ranged from a minimum of one to minimum of eight students per class.

There are some limitations of drawing on research conducted prior to the pandemic to understand our ability to address the COVID-19 test-score drops. First, these studies were conducted under conditions that are very different from what schools currently face, and it is an open question whether the effectiveness of these interventions during the pandemic will be as consistent as they were before the pandemic. Second, we have little evidence and guidance about the efficacy of these interventions at the unprecedented scale that they are now being considered. For example, many school districts are expanding summer learning programs, but school districts have struggled to find staff interested in teaching summer school to meet the increased demand. Finally, given the widening test-score gaps between low- and high-poverty schools, it’s uncertain whether these interventions can actually combat the range of new challenges educators are facing in order to narrow these gaps. That is, students could catch up overall, yet the pandemic might still have lasting, negative effects on educational equality in this country.

Given that the current initiatives are unlikely to be implemented consistently across (and sometimes within) districts, timely feedback on the effects of initiatives and any needed adjustments will be crucial to districts’ success. The Road to COVID Recovery project and the National Student Support Accelerator are two such large-scale evaluation studies that aim to produce this type of evidence while providing resources for districts to track and evaluate their own programming. Additionally, a growing number of resources have been produced with recommendations on how to best implement recovery programs, including scaling up tutoring , summer learning programs , and expanded learning time .

Ultimately, there is much work to be done, and the challenges for students, educators, and parents are considerable. But this may be a moment when decades of educational reform, intervention, and research pay off. Relying on what we have learned could show the way forward.

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Educational challenges and opportunities of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Jaime saavedra.

We are living amidst what is potentially one of the greatest threats in our lifetime to global education, a gigantic educational crisis. As of March 28, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing more than 1.6 billion children and youth to be out of school in 161 countries. This is close to 80% of the world’s enrolled students.  We were already experiencing a global leaning crisis, as many students were in school, but were not learning the fundamental skills needed for life. The World Bank’s “ Learning Poverty ” indicator – the % of children who cannot read and understand at age 10 – stood at 53% of children in low- and middle-income countries – before the outbreak started. This pandemic has the potential to worsen these outcomes even more if we do not act fast.

What should we be worried about in this phase of the crisis that might have an immediate impact on children and youth? (1) Losses in learning (2) Increased dropout rates (3) Children missing their most important meal of the day. Moreover, most countries have very unequal education systems, and these negative impacts will be felt disproportionately by poor children. When it rains, it pours for them.    

Learning . Starting the school year late or interrupting it (depending on if they live in the southern or northern hemisphere) completely disrupts the lives of many children, their parents, and teachers. A lot can be done to at least reduce the impact through remote learning strategies. Richer countries are better prepared to move to online learning strategies, although with a lot of effort and challenges for teachers and parents. In middle-income and poorer countries, the situation is very mixed and if we do not act appropriately, the vast inequality of opportunities that exists – egregious and unacceptable to start with – will be amplified. Many children do not have a desk, books, internet connectivity, a laptop at home, or supportive parents. Others do. What we need to avoid – or minimize as much as possible – is for those differences in opportunities to expand and cause the crisis to have an even larger negative effect on poor children’s learning.  

Fortunately, we are seeing a lot of creativity in many countries. Rightly so, many ministries of education are worried that relying exclusively on online strategies will imply reaching only children from better-off families. The appropriate strategy in most countries is to use all possible delivery modes with the infrastructure that exists today. Use online tools to assure that lesson plans, videos, tutorials, and other resources are available for some students and probably, most teachers. But also, podcasts and other resources that require less data usage. Working with telecommunication companies to apply zero-rate policies can also facilitate learning material to be downloaded on a smartphone, which more students are likely to have. 

Radio and TV are also very powerful tools. The advantage we have today, is that through social networks, WhatsApp or SMS, ministries of education can communicate effectively with parents and teachers and provide guidelines, instructions and structure to the learning process, using content delivered by radio or TV. Remote learning is not only about online learning, but about mixed media learning, with the objective of reaching as many students as possible, today.

Staying engaged. Maintaining the engagement of children, particularly young secondary school students is critical. Dropout rates are still very high in many countries, and a long period of disengagement can result in a further increase. Going to school is not only about learning math and science, but also about social relationships and peer-to-peer interactions. It is about learning to be a citizen and developing social skills. That is why it is important to stay connected with the school by any means necessary. For all students, this is also a time to develop socio-emotional skills and learn more about how to contribute to society as a citizen. The role of parents and family, which has always been extremely important, is critical in that task. So, a lot of the help that ministries of education provide, working through mass media, should also go to parents. Radio, TV, SMS messages can all be used to provide tips and advice to them on how to better support their children.

Meals.  In many parts of the world, school feeding programs provide children with their most nutritious meal of the day. They are essential for the cognitive development and well-being. These programs are complex logistical and administrative endeavors. It is not easy, but countries should find the way to provide those meals using the school buildings in an organized fashion, community buildings or networks, or, if needed, distribute directly to the families. If delivering meals or food is not feasible logistically, cash transfer programs should be expanded or implemented to compensate the parents. Planning is needed, but one has to be ready to flexibly adjust plans, as the information we have about the likely paths of the pandemic change day by day, influenced by the uncertainty around which mitigation measures countries are taking. The process of reopening of schools might be gradual, as authorities will want to reduce agglomeration or the possibility of a second wave of the pandemic, which can affect some countries. In that uncertain context, it might be better to make decisions assuming a longer, rather than a shorter scenario. The good news is that many of the improvements, initiatives, and investments that school systems will have to make might have a positive long-lasting effect.

Some countries will be able to increase their teachers’ digital skills. Radio and TV stations will recognize their key role in supporting national education goals – and hopefully, improve the quality of their programming understanding their immense social responsibility. Parents will be more involved in their children’s education process, and ministries of education will have a much clearer understanding of the gaps and challenges (in connectivity, hardware, integration of digital tools in the curriculum, teacher’s readiness) that exist in using technology effectively and act upon that. All of this can strengthen the future education system in a country.

The mission of all education systems is the same. It is to overcome the learning crisis we were already living and respond to the pandemic we are all facing. The challenge today is to reduce as much as possible the negative impact this pandemic will have on learning and schooling and build on this experience to get back on a path of faster improvement in learning. As education systems cope with this crisis, they must also be thinking of how they can recover stronger, with a renewed sense of responsibility of all actors and with a better understanding and sense of urgency of the need to close the gap in opportunities and assuring that all children have the same chances for a quality education.

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Human Development Director for Latin America and the Caribbean at the World Bank

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10 Ways to Tackle Education’s Urgent Challenges

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To America’s resilient educators:

Take a moment to reflect on your many accomplishments during the pandemic, as well as the challenges you have faced.

You’ve supported your teams, your students, your school families and communities, all while balancing your own lives. In spite of every obstacle, you pushed through because that’s what you do. Every day.

And then, this spring, the sun seemed to shine a bit brighter. The safe and reliable vaccines that were slowing the spread of the virus forecasted a return to a normal-ish school year ahead. But COVID-19 had another plan, and its name was the Delta variant.

So here we are. And it’s complicated.

The cover of this year’s Big Ideas report from Education Week and the 10 essays inside reflect this moment and the constellation of emotions we know you’re experiencing: hope, excitement, grief, urgency, trepidation, and a deep sense of purpose.

In the report, we ask hard questions about education’s big challenges and offer some solutions. Keep scrolling for a roundup of these challenges and some new ways to think about them.

The report also includes results from an exclusive survey on educator stress, what you did well during the pandemic, and more .

Please connect with us on social media by using #K12BigIdeas or by emailing [email protected] . May the year ahead be a safe and fruitful one for you.

1. Schools are doing too much

We’re asking schools to accomplish more than what their funding allows and we’re asking their employees to do far more than they’ve been trained to do. Read more.

2. Student homelessness

The pandemic has only made student homelessness situation more volatile. Schools don’t have to go it alone. Read more.

3. Racism in schools

Born and raised in India, reporter Eesha Pendharkar isn’t convinced that America’s anti-racist efforts are enough to make students of color feel like they belong. Read more.

4. Teacher mental health

The pandemic has put teachers through the wringer. Administrators must think about their educators’ well-being differently. Read more.

5. Educator grief

Faced with so many loses stemming from the pandemic, what can be done to help teachers manage their own grief? Read more.

6. The well-being of school leaders

By overlooking the well-being of their school leaders, districts could limit how much their schools can flourish. Read more.

7. Remote learning

Educators in schools who were technologically prepared for the pandemic say the remote-learning emergency has provided new opportunities to explore better ways to connect with students and adapt instruction. Read more.

8. Setting students up for success

Educators know a lot more about students’ home learning environments than before the pandemic. How might schools build on that awareness and use it to improve their future work? Read more.

9. Parent engagement

When school went remote, families got a better sense of what their children were learning. It’s something schools can build on, if they can make key cultural shifts. Read more.

10. Knowing your purpose

We can’t build resilient schools until we agree on what education’s core role should be. And right now, we don’t agree. Read more.

A version of this article appeared in the September 15, 2021 edition of Education Week as Editor’s Note

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Free Education Essay Examples

2146 samples of this type

We study about one-third of our lives unless one counts the lifelong professional development. Discussing education is a rewarding activity as you learn to learn. This article will give you valuable prompts and outline ideas for an education essay. It also contains many links to outstanding education essay examples.

Education Essay: How to Write?

An education essay is a piece of writing that discovers the trends in the current educational system. As a rule, such papers are required for language-learning purposes, but psychology and sociology may also have such tasks. You should always start with a thorough selection of a topic.

Philosophy of Education Essay

Philosophy of education essays are usually intended for the higher education of future teachers at a university. There are seven philosophies of education:

• Behaviorism
• Essentialism
• Progressivism
• Social Reconstructionism
• Constructivism
• Perennialism
• Existentialism
• Conservatism

Here are some possible topics:

• Compare and contrast two of the seven educational philosophies, specifying which one is more efficient.
• Analyze the history of behaviorism and its ideological precursors.
• Which educational philosophy is the most common nowadays, and why?

Purpose of Education Essay

We often do things without thinking. Still, successful education requires much motivation and mindfulness. Schools and colleges ask their students to think about the purpose of education to make them aware of the cause-and-effect relationship. If you need a unique topic for this subject field, see some below.

• How can your education help you to obtain an exciting profession?
• How does education make you a better version of yourself?
• How can a totalitarian regime use education for its purposes?

Benefits of College Education Essay

While attending a college, you develop your social, technical, and intellectual skills, gain confidence in your abilities, and get good career opportunities. Schools do their best to motivate pupils to proceed with their education. This assignment makes you think about why it is reasonable to study at college. Here is what you could discuss in this respect:

• How will a college education change your life?
• A college education as an investment in your future well-being.
• Would you like your future children to attend a college, and why?

Education System Essay

An education system essay is a piece of writing that analyzes the governmental regulation of this sphere. You can discuss the efficiency of the education system in your country, outline its flaws, or compare it to the other existing variants. Here are the good topic wordings:

• What should other countries learn from the US education system?
• Compare the positive and negative features of the Japanese and Western education systems.
• How can a flawed education system make schools less efficient?

Early Childhood Education Essay

At some point, children become the most critical issue in our lives. In the course of studies, people often think about how they will share their knowledge with their kids. As Albert Einstein said, “if you can’t explain it to a six-year-old, you don’t understand it yourself.” So, what can you tackle in an early childhood education essay?

• Early childhood education is not about preparing for school; it is about preparing for life.
• How can limited communication opportunities in early childhood impede a child’s development?
• Is there a correct way to punish a three-year-old?

Physical Education Essay

Physical education makes you more agile, flexible, confident, healthy, and fit. It also prevents some diseases that show up in more advanced age. This type of essay focuses on your body and its abilities. There are many debatable topics to be discussed here:

• Does physical education “steal the time” that could be used for more academic disciplines?
• The balance between the body and mind in physical education.
• How do sports games develop your cognitive abilities?

Sex Education Essay

Sex education explains the structure of our bodies, the reasons for our sexuality, and the development of sexual behavior. A comprehensive sex education makes the students’ choices safer and prevents them from many physical and mental diseases. Here are some good topics to analyze:

• Should sex education tackle such sensitive issues as LGBT problems, abortions, or gender identity?
• How does sex education decrease the number of unplanned pregnancies among the population?
• Why can’t sex education have a corrupting effect on children?

Education Essay Outline

• Education essay introduction. Depending on the topic, start with your ideas on why education is so important. What is its supreme goal? Alternatively, you can mention the history of education and its development due to the changing social and economic expectations. Finish your introduction with a thesis statement explaining what the reader will find in your essay.
• Education essay body. Here you can list your arguments in favor of compulsory education for everyone. Divide your ideas into categories, for example, the importance of education for individuals, companies, and states. Dedicate one paragraph to each class.
• Education essay conclusion. Summarize your opinion in several sentences, clearly defining your position. Remind the reader of your thesis statement, using different words. Note that the reader will remember this part the most. Give them the central information as a checklist to verify what they understood from your writing.

We hope that the above topics will guarantee you an exciting writing session. For more inspiration, please refer to the education essay samples below.

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Advancements in technology have become intense and have given pressure to college students to learn computer skills in order to be relevant in the job market. Computer skills range from simple skills to complex applications. They involve the use of word, spreadsheets and other emerging applications. The necessity of computer...

How to Become a Good Teacher

Important attributes of an effective teacher The art of good teaching involves inviting and retaining the interest of students in a manner that the subject taught to the student is not forgotten until death. Powerful and good teaching is becoming increasingly important in the current society because of the increasingly...

Causes of Students’ Failure and Success

Introduction Every year thousands of graduates look for jobs with degrees and diplomas that they do not deserve. On getting the jobs employers realize that their employees are not competent enough to do the job efficiently, this is because most graduates cheated their way through the education system. Some of...

Nursing Student’s College Experience

Learning something new is a hard issue, especially if you try to acquire knowledge and experience that will help to build a successful career and become an outstanding specialist. The task becomes even more complicated if a person wants to work in the healthcare sector. The price of a mistake...

Academic Dishonesty and Its Detrimental Effects

Why is academic dishonesty bad? Check out this essay to find out. It is focused on immediate consequences and long-term effects of academic dishonesty on students. Introduction Academic dishonesty is one of the contemporary challenges in the education sector. It is a multifaceted vice that occurs at individual and institution...

Student Lounge in Educational Institutions

Introduction This essay deals with analysis of student lounge and its role in educational institutions. Its thesis statement is: Student lounge has positive qualities and is needed for all students. This assumption is further developed in three main points which prove its coherence: student lounge has all necessary preconditions for...

Importance of Computers in Education

Importance of Computers in Education Since the advent of computer technology, the world has undergone a revolutionary change, because computers perform most of the tasks that were hard to perform; for example, storage of volumes of information or took a lot of time to finish. Also, computer technology has contributed...

Environmental Issues in Educational Institutions

Teaching and learning environments need to have various characteristics, which ensure that students and teachers are comfortable, safe and promote the acquisition of information. In many colleges and universities, there are always limitations that hinder the achievement of these characteristics. For instance, environmental improvements require a financial investment. Due to...

Why You Should Not Have Grades in School

Introduction The last decade saw many anthropological studies that sought to identify the challenges and mismatches between what people understand about real-life experiences and learning in colleges. Numerous researchers have also attempted to explain why formal education has resulted in a “lack of learning.” Learning institutions often promote credentials and...

• College Education
• Communication
• African American
• Distance Education

Concept of Lifelong Learning

Welcome to our lifelong learning essay sample! Here, you’ll find a lifelong learning example from personal experience. Get some inspiration for your lifelong learning essay with the help of our essay sample. Lifelong Learning Essay Introduction Teenagers share many things in common in their learning experiences as they grow up....

Online Learning vs. In-Person Learning

With the rapid evolution of technology observed over the past couple of decades, the realm of education has been changed drastically, with innovative techniques, approaches, and tools being incorporated into the process. However, of all changes that the realm of education has experienced, the creation of online learning spaces is,...

Bank Street Curriculum: Implementation and Assessment

The most important period of development and character formation in anybody’s life is his/her childhood. The school and the curriculum through which the child passes during his kindergarten years play a vital role in the development of his faculties and talents for preparing him for his future life. The Bank...

How Misuse of Funding Could Affect Education

Introduction In the contemporary society, education has turn out to be an immense instrument in skirmishing illiteracy and poverty. It has also helped inculcate good moral values and instill a positive attitude and behavior. This focus tries to explicate how misuse in funding can be able to menace the survival...

Excellent Academic Performance: Causes and Effects

Background Reaching academic excellence is, perhaps, one of the goals that a lot of students dismiss since they misunderstand it. By interpreting it as being perfect in every way, learners often underrate their abilities and resort to a more relaxed and less challenging mode of learning. To create the foundation...

Philosophy of Education for a Special Education Teacher

Introduction Every child deserves a right to receive adequate knowledge without any discrimination. Children with special needs are not an exception. These clusters of students are characterized with learning disabilities that hinder them from receiving normal education like other students. Special education not only helps the students to positively accept...

Role of the Teacher in Student Moral Development

Creating a healthy and safe classroom environment is a prerequisite for student learning success. An atmosphere of safety and morality can be achieved with the established rules and consequences of decisions, actions, and misbehavior. Depending on the age of the students and their moral development level, the teacher can either...

Single Sex Education: Benefits and Advantages

According to Hammer, (1996), single sex education is a form of education where the girls and boys attend different lessons or are put in different schools or buildings. In the beginning parents used to take their children to co- education schools where boys and girls were educated together. However, by...

Offline Learning in the Educational Process

The educational process has always been influenced by new technologies and methods of conveying knowledge. Nowadays, it undergoes revolutionary changes due to digitalization, which threatens to replace the traditional classroom teaching method. Similar situations have happened before, for example, with the invention of printed books or videotapes. Digital media is...

School Uniform and Ethical Issues

One of the ethical issues that are particularly relevant to young people all around the world today is the presence of uniforms in schools. At first, my school did not set any rules with regards to school uniforms or school clothes for students. However, when I moved to 8th grade,...

• Online Learning

Negative Influence of TikTok Usage on Student’s Attention Span

The purpose of this work is to give a fairly accurate idea of the impact of the TikTok social media platform on the attention of students during lectures. The effect of TikTok as a platform, the use of which takes more than 50% of the young audience a significant amount...

Academic Qualifications for Success in Life Importance

Success in life can be achieved through various means. However, our definition and perception of this term may equally vary depending on what we believe in or value in general. It is imperative to consider both views whether opposing or supporting this argument. Nevertheless, in retrospect, we all understand that...

The Role of History Learning in Society

If you’re looking for an essay about the role and value of history in modern society, look no further. This essay sample explores the role of history in people’s lives and explains the reasons we study it. Introduction History is the gathered information of the occurrences and people that have...

European and American Education Systems: Similarities and Differences

Introduction The issue of education standard between America and Europe has drawn attention of many scholars and educators. According to Sean Scarpiello, the American education system portrays a negative result when compared to education systems of other countries across the world (Scarpiello 1). However, the US education system remains the...

Teaching and Learning Concepts and Techniques

Introduction This paper is aimed at discussing the main concepts and techniques that were examined during classes. Much attention should be paid to the conceptual framework components that can throw light on some of the main principles which should be followed by educators daily. In particular, it is necessary to...

Importance of Traffic Safety Education at the School Level

Introduction Traffic safety education at the school level is meant to provide the students with lifetime skills for maneuvering in the public roads and highways. The importance of learning these skills at school level is increasing, since more and more students are nowadays driving to school. Those not driving are...

Education System in the United States

​Introduction Ideally, education should continually prepare an individual for life so that they may live it to the fullest while aiming at an experience of the greater good for all and sundry. Nurturing of the human capacity for creativity requires a fertile environment for growth. Thus, education can be acquired...

Study Skills and Time Management in Education

Abstract Studying is an intricate task for every student. The ability to create time and concentrate on a subject for long hours presents a challenge to students. As a result, it is priceless for every student to possess adequate study and time-management skills to enable them to fulfill the dream...

School Uniforms and Their Impact on Students

Do school uniforms help or harm students’ academic performance and personal lives? The question remains unanswered and continues to gain controversy from parents and their kids as more schools decide to implement the school uniform policy linking it to safer education. School regulations on clothes become quite challenging as strict...

Schools That Work: How to Improve Education

Introduction Current situation in the area of education both around the world and in the country requires particular measures to be applied in order to secure effectiveness and fine results in it (Schools that Work n. d.). The main objective of many schools is to ensure that learners perform well...

• Child Development

Online Education and E-Learning: Potential and Benefits

Outline The world of Computer technology has experienced advanced growth. This technology has, therefore, been applied in each and every aspect of our lives. The internet, which has improved the communication network, has also led to the invention of other facilities. One of these improvements is in the education sector....

Characteristics of Students With Disabilities

Introduction This Resource Note book is about characteristics of students with disabilities. According to the Disability Discrimination Act, a disabled individual is anyone who has a mental or physical impairment that has a long-term and substantial adverse effect on that individual’s potential or ability to undertake normal day-to-day activities (Disabled...

Cognitive Learning Theory

Cognitive learning refers to a powerful method, which offers different ways of obtaining knowledge and does not imitate others like operant and conditioning learning. It is the process of acquiring knowledge and skills through mental abilities and these cognitive processes involve making mental representations of physical events and objects including...

Robert Gagne’s Conditions of Learning Theory

Introduction Robert Gagne’s conditions of learning theory state that several existing learning levels require different instruction types. According to this theorist, there are five primary knowledge categories, including verbal information, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and motor and intellectual skills (Illeris, 2018). The philosophy mentioned above also contains nine instruction events: enhancing...

Should Schools Distribute Condoms?

Introduction A school is an institution where learners acquire moral, social, physical, and mental development. They are expected to provide education in sexuality to their members. Condom distribution is, however, to be left to other stakeholders. In most cases, the majority of the school members are found in either primary...

Discrimination in School and Its Effects on Students

The vital issues in this case are; the existence and manifestation of racism in the classroom, its effect on the students, as well as their teachers. Another crucial issue is the general behavior of the students, with regard to their rude disposition. The students are rude and discriminative. Their language,...

Current Thoughts about “Inclusive Education”

What Are Your Current Thoughts about “inclusive Education?” In order to improve the quality and accessibility of education, it is necessary to create an inclusive environment which will allow maximum participation of students with special needs alongside regular students. Such environment requires a number of changes to the design of...

Effectiveness of Online Education

It is hard to dispute that online education has recently established itself as a significant component of current educational systems. As new technologies are developed, online learning continues to take on new forms. The majority of colleges, high schools, and other educational institutions throughout the world have embraced this method...

Lesson Plans for Teaching Economics

A lesson plan is an integral part of the teacher’s preparation for the upcoming lecture. It helps to fix the content in a sequence of the educational process, clarify the necessary formulations and concepts, and to build a logical sequence of information. Although in every school or university, there is...

Role Played by Parents in Education

Introduction Parenting and education are two aspects of a student’s school life that cannot be separated. Going by the fact that school children come from family backyards, the role of the parent in the entire child’s school life is clearly cut out. Moreover, research findings point out that the role...

• Intelligence
• Relationship
• Professional Development
• Collaboration

Praying in Schools Today

Outline The introductory part of the topic discusses about the general attitude towards praying in schools. The body gives a detailed description about the importance of praying in school and how it affects the development of children. And on the other side there includes an argument against praying in school....

Qualitative versus Quantitative Resources in Literature Review

When writing a literature review, one needs to carefully differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research. Though both resources are essential for a holistic overview of the theoretical framework, the choice of the academic literature should remain consistent with the methodology chosen. At its core, quantitative resources seek causation or explanation...

University Education and Its Significance

Introduction Educationalists envisioned education as a way of equipping learners with the requisite skills in a bid to become useful in a changing world. This paper argues that students of an elite education are disadvantaged based on the arguments put forward by William Deresiewicz in his article, The disadvantages of...

The Process of Control in Schools and the Role of Leaders

A school is composed of students, teachers and administrators who contribute to the process of control. The institutions or individuals vested with the authority to initiate control in schools include administrators, state school officers, school education boards, student and teacher organizations. Student control is achieved through organizations such as student...

Arts Education and Its Impact on Children

Introduction Today, children have access to a number of forms of education and multiple opportunities to expand their learning practices and knowledge. Arts education is used to introduce students to great music, paintings, and dance and help them take the first steps in comprehending these fields (Klass, 2019). It is...

Sociological Theories of Education

Sociology offers multiple theoretical perspectives on the problems of education in the United States. The three leading frameworks, functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, all have their advantages, allowing researchers to concentrate on different aspects of the educational system. Functionalism examines the social goals that education is supposed to pursue....

Comparing Education in USA and in Saudi Arabia

Education has become basic in all societies and nations across the globe. Today, every country devotes large resources to provide education to its citizens. It is generally agreed that education has great benefits to society as well as individuals, both economically and socially. However, the education systems in countries tend...

Teacher’s Impact on Student’s Career Choice

It could be stated with certainty that teachers have an immense influence on the development of various outcomes of their students. Moreover, it is possible to observe that a good teacher does not only serve educational purposes, but he or she also shapes their students’ attitude toward career choices and...

Multicultural Education, Its Benefits and Limits

This sample focuses on the drawbacks and advantages of multicultural education. Here, you’ll find characteristics, impact and benefits of multicultural education. Definition of multicultural education There are various researchers who have sought to explain and define the cultural diversity found in the classroom setting. Stakeholders continue to develop strategies that...

Learning and Teaching Styles

Introduction Advanced Education has in the recent past brought increased learning and teaching styles. The education sector has improved over the past years making it easier for learners to acquire information through different styles. The learning process depends on one’s understanding as some people are slow learners while others are...

• Hyperactivity Disorder

Class Size Effects on Student Achievement

Introduction There are multiple purposes associated with schooling. The long run effects of schooling relate to high earning potential, better health, economic mobility, high level of economic mobility and increased democratic participation. As a result, it is paramount for societies to ensure that their children attend school for a given...

Dealing with Indiscipline in Class

Abstract Punishment is not always the best method for dealing with indiscipline cases among students. Many other methods can help model students with undesired behaviors into good people. Such methods include DRO, DRI, DRL, and DRC. These methods are appropriate for dealing with cases such as cursing, the use of...

Task-Based Learning as an Effective Method

Introduction Task-based learning involves the use of activities or tasks in the learning activity. The activities chosen are relevant to the topic that learners are learning. The notion of task-based learning is the belief that students are more likely to learn if their minds focus on a task instead of...

Preparing for and Taking Exams

Introduction The clock says 2:15 and its time for your next class. Suddenly, you’re feeling sick. You feel a bit dizzy, you’ve just broken out in a sweat and you are having trouble remembering which way the classroom is. You just remembered you’re supposed to take a test in that...

Assessing Learning and Test Construction

Evaluating students’ performance is one of the foundations of the learning process. There are several arguments highlighting its importance in education. First of all, assessment is critical for finding out whether learners understand educators’ instructions and determining the extent to which they follow them. Secondly, it serves as a motivation...

English Language, Literature and Creative Writing

Language and literature are important for a person in order to exchange the knowledge and ideas with the public and use the experience of generations effectively. Therefore, the subject of English Language, Literature and Creative Writing can be discussed as an important step for the A-Level learners who need to...

Business Career Plan for the Next 5 Years

A career plan is a process in which one chooses what is best for him or her. It is also a form in which he or she satisfies his or her future job interest. The plan assists to develop talent and skills, as well as decide the training and elements...

Differences Between Presenting and Discussing Results & Findings

Introduction Research results/findings objectively and simply report what a researcher found during the study. Research findings/results in a project are reported based on the data collected. After conducting data analysis in a research project, the first thing a researcher should do is to present his or her results/findings and then...

Aspects of the School Environment

Introduction The school’s physical environment is accessible to pupils as the school is equipped with all means to facilitate mobility. Schoolchildren of different ages can find their way around the school in the same way, thanks to the navigation signs with room numbers posted around the school. All students can...

Inclusion Policies in Education and Their Effects

Policies of Inclusion The policies of inclusion require students who have special needs to perform the roles of learners appropriately. They need equal access to education in all education programs available. Inclusion involves allowing all students to interact in the classroom during regular lessons. There should be no particular attitude...

• Critical Thinking
• Personality Development
• Globalization

School Bullying and Student’s Development

Bullying Bullying is one of the major social challenges facing youth in our schools today. Ann and Aidan (2004) observe that there are two main types of bullying namely indirect and direct bullying. Students directly bully each other by fighting, kicking, pushing, and attacking using any available weapon. Indirect bullying...

Inclusive Education for Students With Disabilities

Introduction In the modern world education is one of the basic needs of a child. All children whether mentally or physically challenged have the right to education. The question is whether educational institutions should be all inclusive to accommodate children with or without disabilities or specialised to separate them. If...

Critical Incidents in Teaching

Introduction Teachers’ abilities to resolve disputes during the learning process and to promote effective methods of influencing student performance and interest are important professional qualities. To address various incidents, using appropriate reflective practices and approaches is essential since an opportunity to analyse each situation helps avoid unpleasant precedents and contributes...

Improving Oral Reading Skills to Enhance Reading Comprehension

Abstract Background. The significance of oral skills in acquiring the corresponding reading abilities can hardly be overrated. Because of the need to identify the aural signals with the visual ones and at the same time connect them to the connotation of a word, students need the teacher’s support as far...

The Teacher and School Responsibility Issues

Introduction Modern pupils have a considerable number of tools, ways, and methods of obtaining knowledge opened for them by the new information society. However, despite this, parents are increasingly faced with children’s low academic achievement, and today this problem is particularly urgent. Moreover, society’s demands for education are growing: it...

The Aspect of Educational Blogs

Introduction Using blogging as a way of conveying message or presenting opinions and facts has grown to become very popular in education sector. Many institutions have embraced these means, including at the public schools and tertiary colleges. Blogs can be very beneficial when we want to share important information and...

Group Work and Teamwork and Its Effectiveness

Introduction Group work is the art of working together in a group so as to achieve unity goals, or to maximize each others learning in the case of students. The instructional use of groups among students to maximize learning among students is referred to as cooperative learning (Johnson, Johnson &...

Learning Theories in Language Teaching Curriculum

Introduction Learning theories are used to develop curriculums that explain learning models used in education. These models help simplify education from the earliest stages of childhood through formal education. This paper will explore the learning theories and how they can be applied in developing a curriculum for learning and teaching...

Learning Objectives for Math Students

Formulation of learning objectives is of extreme importance for the teaching and learning process since it enhances the student experience and facilitates the work of educators. Therefore, teachers are to be able to specify and rationalize objectives of different levels for their students. The objectives need to be precise and...

Decision-Making in Choosing a Career

What is the best career for me? Executive Summary Choosing a career is an incredibly crucial decision in one’s life. However, it requires a lot of consideration and critical decision making to avoid poor choices that could affect one’s life. Some individuals find themselves on the wrong career paths because...

• Web Technology
• Time Management
• Professionalism

Eradicating Illiteracy in Primary School

Introduction Everyone has the right to education. Denying children their right to education means, creating a society of illiterate adults. These kids are the leaders of tomorrow and should be allowed to go to school. Educating children is more like educating the society at large. We have made it this...

Why Education Requires Political Intervention?

The influence of politics on education is fundamental. Politicians are the policymakers in any jurisdiction. For this reason, they are the driving force behind any reforms, including those that affect education. Consequently, it is critical that they have the public’s interests at heart whenever they are formulating such policies. This...

“Ideology and Curriculum” by Michael Apple

In the modern world education is of crucial importance for life and career of any person. Those who provide people with education bear enormous responsibility for they have a direct influence on people’s future. Michael W. Apple’s book “Ideology and Curriculum” deals with a number of issues connected with education...

Mathematics Teacher’s Career Goal

How do you respond to new ideas and innovations? I support the implementation of new ideas and innovations in teaching high school mathematics. Although the conventional approach in teaching high school mathematics has been impressive, it has encouraged laxity on the part of the learner hence losing its utility value...

Reflective Practice in Personal and Professional Development

Introduction Reflective practice is one of the essential techniques for personal growth. It refers to self-examination and introspection into one’s actions, and decisions after the event have occurred in order to gain a deeper understanding of the potential for future improvements. This method of professional development is especially crucial for...

Librarian Management Consultancy: Challenges and Solutions

During this project, I worked in a suburban public library, located in a more or less affluent community. This library serves the needs of approximately fifteen thousand people of various age groups. I cooperated with an acquisition librarian whose primary responsibility was to order new books for the library. Five...

P.I.L.E.S Development Stages for Curriculum Planning

During development, children undergo developmental stages from birth to adulthood to become mature people (Casper, 2009). Children who successfully complete these stages show talent and outstanding capabilities. Physical development is the most important aspect among the major domains of early childhood development. It is determined by the ability for children...

Teen Pregnancy Persuasive Speech Plan

This paper provides a plan for a persuasive speech about teenage pregnancy and how it affects the future of both the child and the mother. Check it out if you need to write a teenage pregnancy persuasive speech. General purpose: To persuade Specific purpose of teenage pregnancy speech: To persuade...

The Concept of Constructivism Theory

Definition of Constructivism Constructivism is a theory that is based on scientific study and observation on how people learn. It is an approach to learning that states that people construct their knowledge and understanding of the world by experiencing events and reflecting on those events (McLeod, 2019). This is by...

Supporting Students With Disabilities

Introduction Nowadays the number of students and children with mental and physical disorders is constantly increasing. Unfortunately, parents have no opportunities to provide their children with special help and education; this is a task of the government. The modern development of the educational system allows creating special institutions and educational...

• Discrimination
• Management Skills
• Cognitive Development

Religion and Eastern Philosophy in Education

Eastern Philosophy, Religion, and Education: Introduction In chapter 3, Ozmon and Craver (2013) recognize the importance of religion’s contribution to influencing the ways of thinking of different people. With a particular focus on the general philosophy of education and eastern philosophy, religion, and education, the author’s main idea is that...

Comparing Education Systems of Britain and Finland

Education is given a priority in the European community. This is because one of the main priorities of the European community is to improve the quality and efficiency of education. The member countries are also concerned with improving the education systems of their countries Finland’s education system is rated as...

The Role of Assessment in Learning Process

Introduction Assessment has been an integral part of the formal education system since its inception. There can be no argument about the role that the practice has to play in the measurement of the effectiveness of the education systems in America and worldwide; and while engaged in one of these...

The Advantages of Independent Learning

Education is an integral part of human development. The learning process starts since the very moment of birth and continues throughout the lifespan. As a person grows, he/she becomes more conscious about own intellectual development and capable of influencing its outcomes. Nowadays, researchers and practitioners in the field of education...

Exposition Analysis: Maxine Hong Kingston’s “Tongue-Tied”

Exposition is an important part of the literary work which provides a reader with the necessary background information, clues, and important details which are essential to understand the author’s main idea supported in the text. In her essay “Tongue-Tied”, Maxine Hong Kingston intends to provide the complex background for her...

A Study Schedule as a Success Strategy

Introduction Success strategy for a student involves effective learning skills, which require the ongoing practice in order to see the improvement. Developing a schedule is essential strategy to consider before you think of starting the process of studying. If you miss the importance of having a detailed plan for managing...

Pedagogical Theory and Practice and Improving Student Learning Experience

Introduction Pedagogy involves the performance of teaching accompanied with theories and practices that shape it. It directly links the act of teaching with culture, structure and mechanisms of student or learner control. Pedagogy may also refer to the process by which teaching activities, interactions, and assignments are structured in accordance...

How Should We Deal With the Rising Cost of Education?

The rising cost of education in the United States and internationally cannot be attributed to a single cause. In its place, the occurrence of cultural shifts, a steady decrease of federal and state support, advancements in technology, and economic problems have contributed to the skyrocketing school fees in learning institutions....

Passing Exams and Preparation Aspects

If categorizing the purpose of studying into short and long term goals, such aspects as having a good job and earning good money can be related to the latter. Short term goals can be seen in the intermediary milestones, passing which testifies the knowledge students obtained so far. Yes, these...

Barna’s Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks: Summary and Response

Summary Intercultural communication is one of the most important aspects of communication. And there are a few stumbling blocks in the genre of communication. The students who are generally on an exchange or go to different countries to study are sometimes the most suffered ones regarding the problem. There are...

• Social Justice
• Environment
• Social Work
• Spirituality

Management Plan For an Early Childhood

Introduction Early childhood education is a very important segment of learning. It is therefore important to design a good and effective management plan to implement the early childhood curriculum. During this learning stage, the learners get the opportunity to explore, imagine and create as they gain academic, social, and emotional...

School Failure and Delinquency: Which Causes the Other?

The link between school failure and juvenile delinquency has been a hard puzzle to solve. It is common knowledge that many juvenile delinquents fail in school. Some scholars suggest that the nature of the behavior of the delinquent themselves makes it impossible for them to succeed in school. On the...

Lesson Observation: 4th Grade Math

Pre-Conference Teacher’s Approach to Teaching Math The teacher demonstrated that she is not indifferent to the results of her work and her students’ performance. She said that her aim is to explain the students that mathematics is “not all about numbers on the paper, but all about the world around...

The UK and Russian Educational Systems Comparison

Introduction The education system of Great Britain is famous for its unique traditions. Having such well known education establishments as Oxford, Cambridge, and having rather high educational standards, especially in the sphere of higher education, taking the 2 place in Europe, education system of the United Kingdom however, has its...

Professional Development of Teachers’ Skills

Introduction If designed and integrated into school workflow appropriately, professional development promotes the improvement of teachers’ skills and their awareness of contemporary instructional techniques and approaches, which results in better education outcomes and students’ performance overall. Thus, this paper aims at discussing the causes of teachers’ negative perceptions of professional...

Teacher’s Impact on Student’s Personal Life

Introduction The influence of teachers, as it is known, is not noticeable immediately but only over time when students demonstrate good abilities and skills that were timely identified. The development of personality and character in many respects depends on how successfully this or that teacher finds an approach to wards...

The Problems of Modern Education

Introduction Today, the vast majority of teachers are unanimous that today’s students differ significantly from those who were educated 10-15 years ago. A large part of today’s students have a reduced cognitive interest, and poorly developed higher mental functions – memory, logic, thinking, analysis, as well as self-control. Such a...

The Early Childhood Education

With the current world we have today, education has been emphasized and clearly it is the only clear road to success. To achieve the best education, the learning institutions should have a good environment where the students’ capabilities are nurtured and developed. This can only be achieved if the current...

Plagiarism and Its Adverse Effects

Introduction Plagiarism is one of the issues affecting the quality of education, the integrity of learners, and the reputation of learning institutions because it entails an unauthorized use of research information, such as ideas, data, methods, figures, and language, without attributing to their authors. In essence, plagiarism has become a...

Stress and Solutions for Working Students

Since the increase in the levels of stress that working students experience due to their busy schedules, alternative options for studying need to be introduced into the current academic system. Greater flexibility in schedules coupled with the creation of online classes will lead to a better work-life balance and allow...

• Career Development
• Information Technology

Education in High School Versus College

Introduction Education is one of the most important issues in life. As soon as a person is born, parents start thinking about their future education options. In America, approximately 51 million students attend schools, and 21 million students visit colleges, meaning that about 22% of the US population is involved...

The Writing Skills Development

“Learning how to write a coherent, effective text is a difficult and protracted achievement of cognitive development that contrasts sharply with the acquisition of speech” (Kellogg, 2008, p. 2). Writing is one of the forms of communication that follows a person throughout life. It supports the interchanging of ideas and...

Discrimination and Inequality in the Education System

Even though the war against various types of discrimination recently became rather successful, a significant number of people still face inequality. The twenty-first century is the age of freedom, but women, children, African Americans, Muslims, and many others are being discriminated against because of their race, religion, age, disability, and...

Teaching Detective Stories to ESL Students

Introduction Reading exercises are unanimously believed to be one of the most important tasks required in ESL classes. It enhances the vocabulary power of the students as well as improves the ability to write and enhances general language competence. Teaching literature to ESL students has been a topic of debate...

Early Childhood Educators’ Roles and Responsibilities

Introduction Early childhood teachers are a group of educators issuing career guides to learners undergoing various developmental transitions of learning and socializing in the external surroundings away from homes. The professionals provide a safe learning environment and engagement spaces in manners that shape the future traits, attitudes, and intelligence of...

Why College Athletes Should Be Paid

There is a heated debate occurring in the past decade about the advantages and disadvantages of paying college students whose outstanding athletic performance could potentially earn them money and popularity. There is a manual produced by the National Collegiate Athletic Association that covers many aspects of this issue, but there...

Academic Writing and Professional Communication

Introduction To reach the appropriate level in learning the characteristic features of Public Administration, students should not only pay attention to such issues as the analysis of ethical and political questions connected with the field of Public Administration and develop skills in strategic planning and management but also be able...

Role of Education in Our Life

Audience Education is one of the most crucially essential things in the life of each person. People get an excellent opportunity to become real professionals within one or even more spheres and help others grasp all the necessary details. However, nowadays, lots of people may still face problems like race...

Dormitory Life: Shared and Inconvenient

Dormitory life can be fun, but it is also wearing, and often inconvenient and uncomfortable. While the comradeship and companionship of living together are wonderful, and the friendships thus formed can last a lifetime, the rigors of sharing such limited resources can be a serious distraction. After all, the main...

Concepts of Women’s Health Education

Introduction Women’s health education in general, is crucial for safe childbirth, healthy living, and successful parenthood. In recent times, women tend to rely upon formally structured antenatal and health educational systems to enlighten them on childbirth and other health related issues (Stevenson 10). Basically, the proposal will investigate the feasibility...

• Segregation
• Social Media

Distance Learning vs. The Traditional Classroom

Introduction Many courses are now available as distance courses that are offered as online programs; while many people have enrolled into these programs either as first time students or as continuing scholars, questions still linger over whether an academic qualification acquired through distance learning carries the same weight as the...

Harvard Referencing Style: Origins, Uses and Purposes

Origins Though the principle of parenthetical referencing is used not only in the Harvard referencing system but also in a range of other ones, APA is the most well-known specimen on those, Harvard referencing is considered a prime example of the phenomenon. According to the existing data, the Harvard referencing...

A Case Study of Michelle Rhee

Introduction The tenure system at the university level came into being after realization that it was important for educators to extend their limit of teaching skills in order to improve students’ know-how and high degree of thinking in their studies. Whenever job security is not in place, the teaching fraternity...

Prevention of Bullying in Schools

Introduction Peer victimization, also known as bullying, comprises commonly recurring, unsolicited, hostile behavior among school-aged children involving a real or perceived power imbalance. Bullying that takes place in educational settings is a relevant and critical global issue, and while it affects all children regardless of culture, ethnicity, gender, or race,...

Community Service Hours for High School Graduation

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Education Problems in Pakistan Essay

I. introduction.

The education system in Pakistan is a federal responsibility, with the provinces responsible for implementing policies and managing schools. However, due to a lack of funding and resources, the education system in Pakistan has been facing several issues. The literacy rate in Pakistan is around 62.3% . The enrollment rate in primary schools is around 78% . Furthermore, the education system in Pakistan consists of five levels : primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary, and tertiary. This essay aims to discuss education problems in Pakistan.

The education system in Pakistan is facing a number of challenges that have resulted in poor quality of education and limited access to education for many children in the country. These include lack of access to education in rural areas, inadequate funding, gender inequality, and poor quality of education. The high rates of illiteracy in Pakistan are a reflection of these challenges. The inadequate funding for education has resulted in dilapidated school buildings and inadequate resources. Gender inequality in education is also a significant issue, with girls facing more barriers to access and completion of education than boys.

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II. Lack of Access to Education

High rates of illiteracy in pakistan.

Illiteracy is a major issue in Pakistan, with a literacy rate of only 60% according to the 2021-2022 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement ( PSLM ) survey. The literacy rate is even lower among women, with only 46.49% , according to statista.com. The literacy rate is also lower in rural areas compared to urban areas, with only 44% of rural residents being literate compared to 72% of urban residents. This disparity in literacy rates between rural and urban areas highlights the lack of access to education in rural areas.

Additionally, there are also significant disparities in literacy rates among different ethnic groups in Pakistan. Balochistan province has the lowest literacy rate at only 38%. These high rates of illiteracy in Pakistan have significant implications for the country’s development and progress, as education is a key factor in economic and social development.

Lack of schools and trained teachers in certain areas

The lack of schools and trained teachers in certain areas of Pakistan is one of the major problems facing the education system in the country. In many rural areas, there is a shortage of schools and many children do not have access to education. In 2019, Pakistan’s gross primary education enrollment rate was 95.4% nationwide—102.3% for boys and 87.9% for girls ( World Bank 2021 ) This is not enough to meet the needs of the country’s population. Additionally, many of these schools are in poor condition and lack basic facilities, such as clean drinking water and toilets.

Furthermore, there is also a shortage of trained teachers in many areas of Pakistan. According to the Pakistan Education Statistics 2015-2016, there is a shortage of teachers in all provinces. The highest shortage is in the Balochistan province. This shortage of teachers is particularly acute in rural areas. Many schools do not have enough teachers to provide quality education to students. This shortage of teachers is due to several factors. A lack of incentives and poor working conditions are those which discourage people from becoming teachers.

III. Inadequate Funding

Limited government funding for education is one of the major problems facing the education system in Pakistan. According to the Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-2019, the government’s budget allocation for education was only 2.2% of the total budget. This is far below the internationally recommended target of 4-6% of GDP. This limited funding has resulted in inadequate resources and poor infrastructure in schools. This is making it difficult for students to receive a quality education. Many schools in Pakistan lack basic facilities such as clean drinking water, toilets, and electricity. The limited funding also affects the teacher’s salaries and training, which leads to a shortage of trained and motivated teachers.

The limited government funding for education also affects the higher education sector in Pakistan. The government’s allocation for higher education is inadequate. It leads to a lack of resources and poor infrastructure in universities. This affects the quality of education provided by these universities and makes it difficult for students to receive a quality education.

Limited private investment in education

Private sector investment in education is crucial for the development of the education system in Pakistan. It is because it can supplement government funding and provide additional resources and infrastructure. However, private investment in education in Pakistan is limited due to various factors. A lack of trust and transparency in the education sector, a lack of proper regulations and policies to encourage private investment, and a lack of awareness about the benefits of private investment in education are prominent.

Consequences of inadequate funding

One of the most significant consequences is the poor condition of school buildings and infrastructure. Many schools are in poor condition and are not well-maintained, which can be dangerous for students and teachers. Dilapidated school buildings and poor infrastructure can create an unhealthy and unsafe learning environment. It affects the quality of education provided to students.

Another consequence of inadequate funding is the lack of resources and materials available for students and teachers. Many schools in Pakistan lack basic resources such as textbooks, computers, and other educational materials. This makes it difficult for teachers to provide quality education to students and for students to learn effectively. Additionally, schools often lack resources such as science labs and libraries, which are essential for providing students with a well-rounded education.

IV. Gender Inequality

Gender inequality in education is a significant issue in Pakistan. Here, girls are facing more barriers to access and completion of education than boys. The disparity in enrollment rates is even greater in rural areas, where many girls do not have access to education. Additionally, the dropout rate for girls is higher than for boys, with many girls dropping out of school early due to societal attitudes and a lack of resources and support.

Societal attitudes towards girls’ education are a significant barrier to access and completion of education for girls in Pakistan. Many families view education as less important for girls and prioritize marriage and domestic responsibilities for them instead. Additionally, cultural and religious beliefs also play a role in limiting access to education for girls. For example, many girls are not allowed to attend school if it is far from home or if it requires them to mix with boys.

Another issue is the lack of female teachers and role models in schools. The lack of female teachers makes it difficult for girls to see themselves in leadership roles and can make it difficult for girls to feel comfortable in the classroom. Gender inequality in education has a significant impact on the education system in Pakistan, as it limits access to education for girls and affects the quality of education provided to girls.

V. Quality of Education

The quality of education provided in Pakistan is a significant issue facing the education system in the country. There are several factors that contribute to the poor quality of education provided in Pakistan. One of the most significant factors is inadequate teacher training and education. Many teachers in Pakistan do not receive adequate training or education, which makes it difficult for them to provide quality education to students. Additionally, many teachers are not motivated or engaged in their work, which can negatively affect the quality of education provided.

Another factor that contributes to the poor quality of education provided in Pakistan is the lack of emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving in the curriculum . The curriculum in Pakistan is based on rote learning and memorization, which does not prepare students for the job market. This lack of emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving makes it difficult for students to develop the skills necessary to succeed in the job market.

Lastly, the curriculum in Pakistan does not align with the current job market needs . The curriculum does not provide students with the necessary skills and knowledge for the current job market, which makes it difficult for students to find employment after graduation.

VI. Conclusion

In conclusion, the education system in Pakistan is facing a number of challenges that have resulted in poor quality of education and limited access to education for many children in the country. These challenges include lack of access to education in rural areas, inadequate funding, gender inequality, and poor quality of education. The high rates of illiteracy in Pakistan are a reflection of these challenges, as well as the limited number of schools and trained teachers in certain areas.

The inadequate funding for education has resulted in dilapidated school buildings and inadequate resources, while the lack of emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving in the curriculum has resulted in a lack of preparedness for the job market. Gender inequality in education is also a significant issue, with girls facing more barriers to access and completion of education than boys.

To address these challenges, it is important for the government to increase its budget allocation for education, create a conducive environment for private investment in education, and promote gender equality in education. Furthermore, the government needs to improve teacher training and education. It should emphasize critical thinking and problem-solving in the curriculum, and align the curriculum with the current job market needs. It is also essential to provide resources and materials for students and teachers and to improve the quality of education provided in Pakistan. Only by addressing these challenges, the education system in Pakistan can improve, and the country can achieve its development and progress goals.

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Problems of education Essay

The fact that social classification stems from civilization and its many accomplices doesn’t mean that we have reached its peak thus far. One of the key pillars of civilization is and has been education. It is education which has facilitated the sharing of knowledge from a given generation to the next. Education therefore, if simply defined would mean a process of integrating relevant knowledge in a person so as to instill relevance in him or her.

That is my general understanding of the term education. Education has evolved from time immemorial, it has always been inspired by the quest for knowledge and as long as one gained knowledge about a given phenomena then that would denote learning. Education therefore has been there before the formality of reading and writing, and it has always achieved that purpose for which it has been intended for; passing down cultures and information and teaching norms through the generations that have been existent.

Education is not a simple undertaking in itself. Formal education itself demands sacrifice monetary wise, it needs time and also needs investment in terms of the effort one puts in an endeavor to attain the same.

One has to sacrifice so much and post pone activities just for the sake of gaining from education, but above all it is the promise that formal education presents. The promise of independence, a good stable family, a regular income and posterity motivate one to get education. It takes a lot of effort in itself, given the fact that it takes several years in a person’s life just to get through an educational system.

It brings me to the idea that in a person’s life as long as they begin attending school, one will start preparing for the life he would wish to live and there after prepare the life he would want his kids to have. There is never rest at the end of this, rather one embark on another phase of life; family. As a result, life progresses as a rolling stone, just changing course and the players within the game. In that regard children grow to replace parents and the cycle would continue. Above all the sacrifice has always been worth it.

The obstacles to the same are universal. The challenges have a pattern of semblance to each other and the resultant fruits also resemble. For instance, in several parts of the world, they have similar challenges such as scarce resources that would especially facilitate education.

The above is evident in Africa and some parts of Asia. They also have issues with access to other resources such as water and good health; all these directly affect education in general and also the quality of education that is being administered. In developed countries such as ours, the challenges are simpler and are easier to sort.

Some challenges education faces include lack of time. Education takes a lot of time and most people have to juggle been education and their job; however these happen in advanced stages such as in colleges and universities. In earlier stages they have to contend with academics because much of the time it is a fulltime engagement for them so their activities are limited. The other challenge for them is the fact that is expensive.

The cumulative cost is expensive and this contributes to the drop outs that come about as a result of the same. The students are exposed to other challenges such as drugs, mob psychology and even harassment from both their seniors at school and peers. The overall impact to the above is a dismal performance which if unchecked would go a long way in affecting the personality of a student. They would in the long run look down on themselves due to a low self esteem.

Problems of education

The above is simply premise to the fact that education has helped nature characters, in generations of yore. But can the same be said of education as at now? What with a curriculum that is imposed on students and bent on teaching given norms as opposed to embracing virtues? It is true that civilization has shaped the level of thinking and technology as it is now, resulting to the competitive world that is today.

It is also true that education is trying to teach us how to live and survive in the world that has emerged after, but education is prone to many other factors that have helped shaped society to what it is.

First of this is the fact that at the moment education is relying on a given curriculum, drafted by the people and wired to instigate certain characteristics and uphold some of them.

Before the current system of education which is majorly formal, there was informal education which was basically instincts. It was passed down through generations and was programmed basing on occurrences of nature as it evolved. As such, it was basically life skills.

Education as it stands has made societal gains and we can only marvel at the benefits it has brought about. For one, we have achieved the natural peaceful coexistence among nations. The presence of one common unitary language has achieved stability and enhanced trade and relations. It has also fostered the achievement of positive solutions in times of calamities. These are myriad achievements, communication in itself has been enhanced and the result thereof is the ability to conduct multinational trade and interactions on different platforms.

Formal education, as we know it today and as has been explained above is the product of a curriculum that is drafted and implemented for teachers to pass over to their students. It could also imply that it instills life skills to a small extent but that is as it is; majorly it is used as a social control mechanism.

The educational system in place at the moment trains one to think and act in a certain way, they also train the students to respond to situations in a given manner. This has been instrumental in gaining population control. It has facilitated tyranny in otherwise supposedly democratic states; the result to this has been revolutions and landmark incidences that have plagued these countries.

The above is evident in several cases in history, for instance the French revolution resulted from an adjustment in the social control structures in place. The people were plagued by hunger yet the government that was supposed to provide for the people didn’t care. This and other atrocities by the government irked the people and they took to the streets, the result was a revolution from which emerged a new set of leadership.

Education has brought the best and worst in everybody, however it has failed to change humanity and the essence of it therefore. We are still plagued by our ancestral cosmos which dictate to us our most natural instincts; as such it is prudent that the things that excite human beings are still war, food and affection.

These have been since the ancient of days and have never changed over time. Therefore, it is enough stated that education has yielded a totally different personality that could never have been, but it has also failed to ignite the embers of this new personality to take up on the primitive. The primitive is simply docile but very active within.

To conclude on the above, personally education has been instrumental to me in attaining dreams I once had, but it is also true that it is as perennial as it stands.

Education is only for presentation purposes, and hence social control. If there was an alternative to education that would teach one to not only bow to the whims of the powers that are existent but to break all the rules and live harmoniously in peace and coherence with the next human being, such as is taught by the monks there would be a totally different society. Self actualization would be easier to attain, wars would be a preserve of the past and there would be fewer calamities as have been witnessed.

Education has brought us this far, but it is high time the systems incorporated teaching of virtues such as humility, patience and kindness unlike the present system which churns ambitious personalities that would stop at nothing in order to satisfy their cravings.

The result to the above would be fewer incidents of inhuman acts such as cannibalism as was witnessed in some of our colleges or reduced shooting sprees in which students take up arms and decide to shoot their innocent colleagues. This would also shape the type of leadership and cultivate servant leadership among the leaders these institutions would churn out.

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Essay Outline: Education in Pakistan (By Mureed Hussain CSP)

Table of Contents

Essay Outline: Education in Pakistan

1. introduction.

a. Essential for prosperity and stability b. Make vision c. Infuse objectivity d. Establish national integration

2. Problems/Hurdles in the Education System of Pakistan

a. Lack of uniformity in education b. Parallel system of education c. Low literacy rate d. Higher dropout at primary level e. Adult illiteracy f. Hostile socio-political environment g. Negligible enrollment at higher education h. Mass poverty

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3. Causes of Poor Education System in Pakistan

a. Less importance to education b. Apatheticall role of government c. Population explosion d. Lack of resources e. Ineffective educational infrastructure f. Dogmatic curriculum g. Faulty examination system h. Political instability i. Feudalism j. Overcrowded class rooms k. Untrained teachers l. Political polarization

4. Effects due to Poor Education System of Pakistan

a. Mass poverty | Essay Outline b. Bad governance | Essay Outline c. Huge level of corruption d. Lack of tolerance

5. Measurements to Improve Educating System of Pakistan 

a. Better infrastructure b. Friendly environment c. Teacher, students and parents triangle d. Constructive syllabus e. Uniform system of examination f. Skill based teaching methodology g. Efficient teachers

6. Conclusion

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Argumentative Essay: Getting a Good Education

Getting an education is compulsory in the developed world, but so many of us don’t appreciate it enough. We should value our education a lot more and work harder, because it is compulsory for so many different reasons and adds so much value to our lives. There are so many positive outcomes of education, but most of them come under the two banners of allowing us to develop personally, and improving our life chances.

Learning gives us so much that we otherwise wouldn’t have. Besides the obvious skills and facts that we learn, we learn self-discipline and self-motivation, timekeeping skills, social and communication skills and so much more. We also gain confidence and self-esteem through completing tasks and being praised for good work, as well as learning right and wrong as we are punished for any wrongdoing from a young age. Being educated is shown to increase people’s sense of self-worth, life satisfaction and overall happiness, so ultimately being a well-rounded person with lots of potential of happiness is a major outcome of education.

This development in itself increases our chances in life and our potential to do the things we want to do, as social skills gained allow us to form good relationships, and all of the other skills will help when it comes to getting a job. There is, unsurprisingly, a positive correlation between the level of education that people receive and the amount of money they earn. People that are educated are less likely to be unemployed or be on low wages with which they can barely feed their families. They are more likely to afford a nice house in a good area, a nice car, and regular family vacations. Educated people are also less likely to go to prison, because they will be able to provide for their families without crime and are less likely to be violent as they can communicate better with language.

Getting a good high school education also improves our chances of being able to go to college . This further study adds so many different skills to your arsenal that employment prospects and earning potential become better again. Whatever level someone has studied to though, a good education will get them further than someone with little or no education.

This is because of the marketable skills that they have gained. Literacy and basic math skills are at the foundation of independent living and being able to work. Good communication skills and ability to work both with a team and independently are often a basic requirement for any job, and these are developed in the education system through group and individual projects. All in all, education gives us so many skills that it is necessary for both happiness and success in life.

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