malaria essay in konkani language

The Goa Konkani Akademi (Goa Academy of Letters for Konkani) is an organization set up by the Government of Goa in 1986 to promote Konkani in Goa. Its stated aim is to accelerate the pace of development of Konkani by encouraging writers, researchers, etc. and to bring Konkanis from all areas together.

The Akademi was built with the purpose of promoting the growth of Konkani. Some of the major goals stated on its website are:

• To initiate, assist or undertake implementation of projects or schemes of research in the field of Konkani language, literature and culture.
• To initiate, assist or undertake publication in Konkani language, the results of such research.
• To initiate, assist or undertake publication in Konkani language of original and erudite papers, monographs, books, journal, as also of any other works in any other branch of knowledge.

The GKA carries out its activities under directions issued to it by the Government of Goa. It also assists the state Government in formulating various policies in regard to Konkani.

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• अकादेमीन उजवाडायिल्लीं पुस्तकांचें मुखपृष्ठ
• कोंकणी प्रकाशन संस्था
• कोंकणींतल्यान उजवाडाक येवपी अंक
• कोंकणी अकादेमीची २५ वर्सा
• कोंकणी साहित्य – भाषा सेवा पुरस्कार
• पुस्तक दालन
• वांगडीपण फॉर्म

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Konkani language resources

Home > Feature > The Struggle to Preserve Konkani: Challenges and Revival Efforts

The Struggle to Preserve Konkani: Challenges and Revival Efforts

• Goa Prism Team
• Published: April 9, 2024

Konkani, primarily spoken in the Konkan region, is one of the 22 scheduled languages recognized in the constitution. World Konkani Day, celebrated on April 9th, commemorates Konkani Activist Shenoi Goembab, who was born on June 23, 1877, as Waman Ragunath Shenoi Valaulikar in Bicholim. He authored numerous works in both Konkani Roman and Devanagari scripts, including short stories, dramas, poetry, and essays, making him an ideological founder of the Konkani language movement in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Historically, Konkani faced suppression under Portuguese colonial rule, leading to its decline in official use and education. Despite this, efforts post-independence, including an agitation in 1986, led to its recognition as Goa’s official language and inclusion in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

Challenges to Konkani’s survival include fragmentation into various, sometimes mutually unintelligible dialects, Portuguese influence, and the dominance of Marathi among Konkani Hindus. Additionally, migration, preference for English in education, and animosity between religious and caste groups contribute to its decline.

To revive Konkani, key strategies include education programs from primary to higher levels, standardized language guidelines, digital archives for literature, and community engagement through workshops and cultural celebrations. Government support in official documentation and media platforms is crucial, along with collaboration among Konkani-speaking communities locally and globally. Digital media can be used for the preservation of the language.

Efforts by organizations like Konkani Parishad, Konkani Bhasha Mandal, and the World Konkani Centre, as well as initiatives such as Konkani language awards aim to unite factions of the language and promote its revival. Bhangarbuin is the only Konkani Newspaper in Goa.

The Konkani Language is an integral part of Goan identity, there is a need for local speakers to unite and protect the language before it goes extinct in the Modern Era.

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Konkani Literature

Dale Luis Menezes

Dale is presently doing an M.Phil. in Medieval History at JNU, New Delhi.

Konkani is a language with a complex and much-contested history. It is one of the few Indian languages to be written in five scripts—Roman, Nagari, Kannada, Persian-Arabic and Malayalam-and also has an extensive oral literature. While the language continues to be a site of political contestation it has at the same time been experiencing tremendous strides, especially since its inclusion in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution in 1992.

As Madhavi Sardesai points out in her authoritative essay on the socio-political history of Konkani, ‘ Mother Tongue Blues ’, with Goa’s liberation in 1961, the question of whether Konkani was to be regarded an independent language became a crucial one, as it had a direct bearing on the construction of a new Goan identity. From being considered an ‘impure form of Marathi’ and a ‘language of servants’, to becoming the official language of administration for Goa in 1987, its journey has been a tumultuous one. For a language that encompasses such vast geographical expanses, religious variations and caste identities, to arrive at a uniform and standardised destination would seem like a particularly unfair anticlimax.

The story can only be told through multiple narrators. We have therefore a conversation between the prominent Konkani writer Damodar Mauzo and Jose Laurenҫo, a young civil engineer who writes innovative short fiction in Konkani and English; an edited version of a lecture on the ‘Secret History of Konkani’ by Jason Keith Fernandes; an ‘Introduction to Literature in the Roman Script’ by Olivinho J.F. Gomes; an interview with Dadu Mandrekar in which he discusses the Dalit perspective in Konkani literature; and finally, some thoughts on the representation of women in Konkani literature and the contribution of women writers in Konkani by Jyoti Kunkolienkar.

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ESSAYS ON KONKANI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

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Essays on Konkani language and literature

Professor armando menezes felicitation volume., by armando menezes and d. n. shanbhag.

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Konkani is an Indo-European language spoken in India by about 3-4 million people according to the 2001 census. It is the state language of Goa and 57% of the population speak the language currently. In additon to Goa, there are substantial speakers of the language in coastal Karnataka, coastal Maharashtra and Kerala. The language has been historically influenced by other local Dravidian languages namely Kannada, Tulu, Kodava, Marathi due to the continuous migrations of the community. The adherents of different religions-Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism also impacted, enriched and contributed to the development of the language.

Originating about the tenth century, Konkani has evolved slowly over time based upon the migrations of the community. Some scriptural references indicate that a strain of speakers lived in coastal areas of the west coast. The earliest acheaological evidence is to be found at the foot of the Jain Gomateswara statue at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka which dates to 983 A.D. Besides this, historical data also suggests that the treatise Jnaneswari written by Saint Jananeswar in Maharashtra in the eleventh century was believed to be an older form of the Konkani language.

In Goa itself, which by a process of immigration, had gradually become home of the largest concentration of the Konkani speakers, the language initially faced immense threats under the Portuguese when they captured Goa in 1511. In time, the language came to be accepted and new strains with a lot of admixture of Portuguese words emerged. During the long period of colonial rule under the Portuguese, many of the Konkani speakers converted to Catholicism and their language underwent transformations incorporating quite a few Portuguese words.Some Catholic priests have also contributed immensely to the language by producing dictionaries and other literary works. Political changes once again affected Konkani in a major way in 1962 when the Inidan army overthrew Portuguese rule . The state, which was hitherto insulated from other neighboring Indian states saw massive demographic changes occurring suddenly.

During recent times, this language is overshadowed by its bigger sister language Marathi from the neighboring state of Maharashtra. A flood of immigrants arrived from Maharashtra into Goa threatening to submerge the Konkani language and make them a minority in their own homeland. The tendency of many Marathi speakers to consider Konkani as a dialect rather than a language contributed further to the rift between the two speakers. Many Goan Hindus adopted Marathi for purposes of convenience as many left the state in search of jobs to Bombay. In addition to this, the migration of the intelligentsia from these areas into the big cities of India and abroad as well as the lack of support from the State Governments have further compounded the problems faced by Konkani speakers.

The modern use of English as the lingua franca and its wide literary use has also meant that Konkani has been relegated to mainly home use especially for the urban Konkani speakers. Several score dialects exist among the Konkani language each being influenced by the presence of the different languages that they co-exist with. The dialects are divided based upon regional, caste and religious affiliations. The majority of Konkani speakers in Goa today are Catholics and speak a different dialect as compared to the Hindus of various sects. However, there does exist a commoner's dialect in prevalence in the market place.

The dialect I have chosen to concentrate upon here is spoken by the 23,000 strong Chitrapur Saraswat community mainly in the coastal areas of Karnataka, Kerala and Goa along with a few urban centres. The community's spiritual center at Shirali in Uttar Kannada district has been instrumental in preserving the religious, cultural and linguistic traditions of this community and the Konkani language. In addition, the community's major temples at Kavlem and Priol are also preservers of the heritage. Renewed interest in the language has recently arisen and made possible due the recognition given to the language by the consitution of India. Several grants by the state governments of Karnataka, Kerala and Mahashtra enabled the establishment of Konkani Academies which work for the further development of the language spurring research work and publication of materials. In addition to this, Konkani intellectuals have personally contributed to the growth and preservation of the language through books, poems, cookbooks, dramas and songs, both secular as well as religious.

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Konkani language

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• Omniglot - The History and Future of Konkani Language
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Konkani language , Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-European language family. Konkani is spoken by some 2.5 million people, mainly on the central west coast of India , where it is the official language of Goa state. It is also associated particularly with the city of Mangalore (Mangaluru) in southwestern Karnataka and is spoken especially along the west coast of Maharashtra state. Because speakers of Konkani live near Marathi speakers, the languages are similar in some respects, but Konkani precedes Marathi in date of origination. The first known Konkani inscription dates to 1187.

Scripts, regions and states of the Konkani language in independent India

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Racial Prejudice in the Lusitanian Empire? Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire

Into the mainstream, 4. script as a potential demarcator and stabilizer of languages in south asia, is there one goan identity, several or none : lusophonies asiatiques, asiatiques en lusophonies, the construction of a political community: croatian political emigrants after 1945 as performative actors, bilingualism and syntactic change in konkani., language and nation, between empires : print and politics in goa, goa: the transformation of an indian region, related papers (5), multilingualism and nation building, language and identity in a post-soviet world: language of education and linguistic identity among azerbaijani students, language rights and language repression, making identity out of language: beyond bengal, language repertoires and state construction in africa: shaping the 3 ± 1 language state.

Essays on Konkani language and literature; Professor Armando Menezes felicitation volume

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