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The social worker's role in the problem-solving process

First, a question: what's that mean exactly? 

The Problem-Solving Process

The problem-solving process is a systematic approach used to identify, analyze, and resolve issues or challenges. It typically involves several steps:

Identification of the Problem: The first step is to clearly define and identify the problem or issue that needs to be addressed. This involves understanding the symptoms and root causes of the problem, as well as its impact on individuals, groups, or the community.

Gathering Information: Once the problem is identified, relevant information and data are gathered to gain a deeper understanding of the issue. This may involve conducting research, collecting data, or consulting with stakeholders who are affected by or have expertise in the problem.

Analysis of the Problem: In this step, the information collected is analyzed to identify patterns, underlying causes, and contributing factors to the problem. This helps in developing a comprehensive understanding of the problem and determining possible solutions.

Generation of Solutions: Based on the analysis, a range of potential solutions or strategies is generated to address the problem. Brainstorming, creative thinking techniques, and consultation with others may be used to generate diverse options.

Evaluation of Solutions: Each potential solution is evaluated based on its feasibility, effectiveness, and potential impact. This involves considering factors such as available resources, potential risks, and alignment with goals and values.

Decision-Making: After evaluating the various solutions, a decision is made regarding which solution or combination of solutions to implement. This decision-making process may involve weighing the pros and cons of each option and considering input from stakeholders.

Implementation: Once a decision is made, the chosen solution is put into action. This may involve developing an action plan, allocating resources, and assigning responsibilities to ensure the effective implementation of the solution.

Monitoring and Evaluation: Throughout the implementation process, progress is monitored, and the effectiveness of the solution is evaluated. This allows for adjustments to be made as needed and ensures that the desired outcomes are being achieved.

Reflection and Learning: After the problem-solving process is complete, it's important to reflect on what was learned from the experience. This involves identifying strengths and weaknesses in the process, as well as any lessons learned that can be applied to future challenges.

The Social Worker's Role

Okay, so social worker's assist with all of that. The trickiest part (and the part most likely to show up on the ASWB exam) is decision making. Do social workers make decisions for clients, give advice, gently suggest...? The answer is no, sometimes, and sort-of. Client self-determination is a key component of social work ethics. Problem-solving and decision-making in social work are guided by these general principles:

Client-Centered Approach: Social workers prioritize the autonomy and self-determination of their clients. They empower clients to make informed decisions by providing them with information, options, and support rather than imposing their own opinions or solutions.

Collaborative Problem-Solving: Social workers engage in collaborative problem-solving with their clients. They work together to explore the client's concerns, goals, and available resources, and then develop strategies and plans of action that are mutually agreed upon.

Strengths-Based Perspective: Social workers focus on identifying and building upon the strengths and resources of their clients. They help clients recognize their own abilities and resilience, which can empower them to find solutions to their problems.

Non-Directive Approach: While social workers may offer suggestions or recommendations, they typically do so in a non-directive manner. They encourage clients to explore various options and consequences, and they respect the client's ultimate decisions.

Cultural Sensitivity: Social workers are sensitive to the cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and values of their clients. They recognize that advice-giving may need to be tailored to align with the cultural norms and preferences of the client.

Ethical Considerations: Social workers adhere to ethical principles, including the obligation to do no harm, maintain confidentiality, and respect the dignity and rights of their clients. They avoid giving advice that may potentially harm or exploit their clients.

Professional Boundaries: Social workers maintain professional boundaries when giving advice, ensuring that their recommendations are based on professional expertise and not influenced by personal biases or conflicts of interest.

On the Exam

ASWB exam questions on this material may look like this:

• During which step of the problem-solving process are potential solutions evaluated based on feasibility, effectiveness, and potential impact?
• In the problem-solving process, what is the purpose of gathering information?
• Which ethical principle guides social workers in giving advice during the problem-solving process?

Or may be a vignette in which client self-determination (eg re sleeping outside) is paramount.

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Home > Blog > Social Work Interventions for Social Workers (Complete Guide)

Social Work Interventions for Social Workers (Complete Guide)

Courtney Gardner, MSW

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Are you a passionate social worker eager to make a difference in people's lives, but could you use expert guidance on the most effective intervention methods for your diverse clientele? Look no further! Get ready to dive into an exhilarating and comprehensive blog that covers everything you need to know about social work interventions, from tried-and-true evidence-based practices to innovative strategies that will take your interventions to the next level. With this valuable knowledge, you can confidently tailor your interventions to each client's unique needs and goals and make a powerful, positive impact on their lives. So, take a deep breath and prepare for an exciting journey transforming how you approach your work as a social worker!

What is a Social Work Intervention?

Social work interventions involve social workers actively engaging with individuals, families, groups, or communities who need help to bring about positive change. As social workers, our primary goal is to assist them in overcoming the obstacles that prevent them from reaching their full potential. We recognize that dealing with life's challenges can be difficult, and that is where our interventions can make a difference.

Typical Interventions Include:

Psychoeducation.

Teaching clients about their condition and treatment options.

Case management

Coordinating services to address complex needs.

Helping clients develop insight and make positive changes through discussion.

Crisis intervention

Providing immediate support in emergencies.

Promoting policies and practices that advance human rights and social justice.

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Social Work Intervention Models

As a social worker, you are responsible for ensuring the well-being of the individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities you work with. This requires monitoring progress closely and adjusting to achieve the best possible outcomes. You must be familiar with various intervention models and strategies to strengthen your practice.

Social Work Intervention Plans

Social work intervention plans are crucial tools for social workers to assist individuals , families , or groups in need. A well-planned intervention helps ensure a social worker systematically addresses a client's needs and goals. It also provides accountability by specifying objectives and deadlines and gives clients something concrete to review to track their progress. Social workers should thoroughly assess clients and their situations to create a successful intervention plan. They should then determine realistic goals and objectives and outline specific strategies, resources, and timelines. Finally, they should review and revise the plan regularly to ensure positive progress. By choosing interventions tailored to the client's unique needs and strengths, social workers can empower their clients on their journey to well-being.

Some examples of standard intervention plans include:

Safety plans

To address risks like abuse, self-harm, or addiction relapse.

Behavior plans

To help change unhealthy behaviors and build life skills.

Crisis plans

To prepare for and respond to emergencies.

Discharge plans

To ensure a smooth transition when clients exit a program or facility.

Social Work Intervention Strategies

Some key intervention strategies social workers employ include:

Motivational Interviewing

This approach helps people uncertain about making a change identify their reasons for changing and become motivated to change their behavior. The social worker asks open-ended questions that allow the client to explore their reasons for wanting to change and express statements encouraging themselves. For instance, the social worker might ask questions like, "What do you enjoy about your current situation?" and "What do you not like?" to help the client weigh the advantages and disadvantages of maintaining the current state versus changing.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a type of therapy that focuses on the connection between thoughts, feelings, and actions. CBT aims to help the client identify negative and unhealthy thoughts and replace them with more positive and constructive ones. Additionally, CBT provides coping strategies that can be used to manage stressful events and symptoms better. For example, a social worker may use CBT to assist a client with social anxiety disorder in challenging irrational thoughts about social interactions and teach relaxation techniques that clients can use in anxiety-provoking situations.

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Solution-focused brief therapy (sfbt).

SFBT emphasizes solutions and the client's strengths instead of concentrating on problems. During this therapy, the social worker asks questions to help the client visualize a desired future and take small steps toward positive change. For instance, the social worker may ask the client, "What would be different if a miracle solved your problem tomorrow?" which helps the client to articulate their vision for positive change.

Task-Centered Practice

The task-centered practice approach is a method that aims to achieve change through accomplishing specific objectives and tasks. The social worker and client work together to set and break goals into smaller, more manageable steps. For instance, the social worker may assist the client in creating an action plan for finding employment, which may involve updating their resume, networking, and applying to a certain number of job openings weekly.

Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Interventions in Social Work

As a social worker, you'll need to address the needs of your clients and communities through various interventions. The three primary social work intervention methods are micro, mezzo, and macro.

Micro-level interventions

Micro-level interventions  are aimed at individuals, couples, or families to deal with personal issues and bring about positive change. As a social worker, your role could involve providing counseling, skill-building, therapy, advocacy, case management, crisis intervention, or narrative therapy services to your clients. This includes assisting clients in developing coping strategies for anxiety or helping families find community resources.

Mezzo-level interventions

Mezzo-level interventions  target small groups, local organizations, and communities to improve the well-being of the larger group. Examples of mezzo interventions include organizing community events, running support groups, connecting people with local resources, and participating in community development. Social workers, for example, may work with a local school to improve its anti-bullying program.

Macro-level interventions

Macro-level interventions  involve different approaches, such as analyzing policies, running political campaigns, participating in social movements, and advocating for new legislation. Social workers, for instance, can help by pushing for increased funding for affordable housing programs through lobbying efforts and advocating for policy changes.

How to Craft Successful Social Work Interventions

Social workers play a crucial role in creating effective intervention plans that can positively change their clients' lives. By utilizing care, skill, and compassion, social workers can tailor the intervention plan to each client's unique needs. This involves collecting information through client assessments , identifying appropriate goals, and selecting customized interventions that can motivate clients and assist them in attaining greater well-being and independence. With the right approach, social work intervention plans can empower clients to overcome their challenges and lead fulfilling lives.

• Perform a comprehensive bio-psycho-social evaluation to gain insights into the client's history, mental health, relationships, and environmental factors. This aids in identifying the underlying causes of their difficulties.
• Set specific, measurable goals the client agrees to , like improving self-care, relationship skills, or daily functioning. Keep goals realistic and achievable to increase motivation and success.
• Develop a comprehensive intervention plan that includes frequency of contact, activities, homework, and ways to measure progress. Regularly review and update the plan based on client feedback and improvement.
• Help clients feel heard and supported, capable of positive change by using active listening, motivational interviewing, and empowerment skills. Strengthen interventions by building trust and rapport.

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How to choose the right intervention strategy for each client.

Social workers have a vital role to play in supporting individuals who are going through difficult times. To provide practical assistance, social workers must take a comprehensive approach and consider the client's background, values, mental health, risk factors, strengths, skills, resilience, and goals. By doing so, social workers can determine the most appropriate intervention strategies and involve the client. Working collaboratively with the client is essential to develop an approach that both parties feel confident with. Selecting the proper intervention method requires careful consideration of the client's preferences, resources, and support systems. Social workers can guide their clients toward overcoming challenges and achieving their goals by adopting a constructive approach.

The following factors can also help in formulating an effective strategy:

The Severity of the Issue

Immediate action is necessary during crises, but less severe concerns may allow time for exploration.

Client Preferences

It's essential to discuss which approach your client prefers with them. Some may want a more directive approach, while others want to be more involved in the solution development.

Available Resources

When considering available services to support the client, if options are limited, it may be necessary to use methods requiring fewer resources. It is also important to explore additional resources.

Cultural Understanding

When working with clients, it is crucial to consider their cultural beliefs and values and adapt interventions accordingly. This includes sensitivity to how different cultures view mental health issues and the social worker's role.

Likelihood of Success

Evaluate the strategies that could positively impact your client based on their circumstances. Success relies on the right fit, motivation, and follow-through. Identify barriers to determine the most viable options.

Essential Skills for Implementing Social Work Interventions

To make a meaningful difference in the lives of their clients, social workers need to possess a comprehensive understanding of the skills required to address their specific needs. By constantly improving and expanding their knowledge, they can confidently select and apply appropriate interventions tailored to their client's unique situations. This approach is rooted in empathy, compassion, and understanding, essential qualities that enable social workers to contribute to a fair and equitable society. By developing these skills, social workers can become even more impactful catalysts for change and their hard work will be rewarded with the satisfaction of transforming lives for the better.

To implement effective interventions, social workers require a diverse array of skills, such as:

Communication

Social workers need to possess excellent communication skills to establish a connection with their clients who belong to diverse backgrounds. They should be empathetic listeners and pay close attention to their clients' situations to build mutual trust and respect. Social workers must have strong verbal and written communication skills to advocate for social change and clearly and accurately convey their ideas, interventions, and strategies clearly and accurately. Engaging in compassionate dialogue, asking thoughtful questions, and having difficult conversations are all necessary skills social workers must possess.

To provide effective assistance, it is essential to take a comprehensive approach to assessing the client's needs and circumstances. This approach involves considering various factors such as their physical, emotional, and social well-being, as well as their relationships, living environment, and any obstacles that may be hindering their growth. Additionally, evaluating the client's readiness for change can help identify the most appropriate interventions to meet their needs. By conducting a thorough assessment, we can better understand our clients and provide them with the necessary support and tools they need to thrive.

Creative and Critical Thinking

Social workers play a critical role in analyzing complex situations and developing interventions specifically tailored to meet the unique needs of their clients. To achieve this, social workers must be creative, resourceful, and willing to modify standard interventions to each client's specific needs. By setting clear goals, evaluating progress, and making ethical and objective adjustments as needed, social workers can provide clients with the support and guidance they need to achieve their desired outcomes.

Cultural Awareness

As social workers, we are responsible for providing interventions that respect and honor our clients' cultural identities and backgrounds. To achieve this, we must acknowledge our biases and strive to provide culturally sensitive services that empower our clients. We can make our interventions more effective and meaningful by showing respect and understanding towards individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds. It's crucial to select interventions that align with a client's cultural beliefs and values and address any language or accessibility barriers. We can achieve better client outcomes when we deeply understand cultural relevance and necessity.

Resource Knowledge and Flexibility

As a social worker, being aware of various community resources, referral options, and collaborative services that can benefit your clients is crucial. A strong support network can significantly improve your client's well-being. To provide the best possible services, it is essential to stay updated with the latest resources and be flexible with interventions, adjusting them based on each client's response and available resources in the community. Continuous education is vital to staying up-to-date with new approaches and interventions, ensuring you can provide your clients with the best support.

It is essential to understand that specific clients may need help at a broader, systemic level. As a social worker, it is your responsibility to take action by advocating for policy changes or addressing social injustices that impact your clients and communities. Advocacy plays a vital role in the social work profession as it can create positive change and foster a more fair and equal society.

As a social worker, your knowledge of various intervention models can make a significant difference in the lives of those you serve. Equipping individuals, families, and communities with the tools they need to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals gives you the power to bring about transformational change. With your diverse skills and innovative tools like Menalyc , you can streamline administrative work and dedicate more time to helping those in need by harnessing the power of AI to create  comprehensive and accurate case notes  within minutes.  Start your free trial today ! Together, we can make a fundamental difference in the world and improve countless lives!

FAQ on Social Work Intervention Plans, Strategies, Models, and Methods

With the right tools and training, social workers can significantly impact people. Intervention plans, strategies, models, and methods are essential to guide their work effectively. They help individuals manage challenges and improve their well-being. Below are some frequently asked questions and answers about these tools:

What is a social work intervention plan?

An intervention plan outlines a social worker's goals and steps to help a client. Plans consider a client's needs, strengths, and challenges to determine the best way to support them.

What are examples of intervention strategies?

Strategies include case management, counseling, advocacy, education, and community organization. A social worker chooses strategies based on a client's situation and goals.

What are the main social work intervention models?

Models include problem-solving, solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral, and strengths-based. Each model provides a framework for how to help clients. Social workers pick models that match a client's needs.

How do I choose the right interventions?

Consider the client's challenges, needs, strengths, and goals. Also, consider the evidence for the effectiveness of different interventions. The right interventions will uphold ethical standards, respect client values, and have the best chance of helping the client.

• Baylor School of Social Work Team. (2023, May 31) .  The 3 Levels of Social Work Explained: Micro, Mezzo, Macro .  https://gsswstories.baylor.edu/blog/the-3-levels-of-social-work-explained
• Social Work License ap. (2022, October 31) .  Theories & Practice Models Used in Social Work .  https://socialworklicensemap.com/social-work-resources/theories-and-practice-mo els/
• Social Work Portal. (n.d.) .  Best Guide to Social Work Interventions, Examples, Plans & Strategies .  ttps://www.socialwo kportal.com/social-work-intervention/
• Sutton, J. (2021, July 11) .  13 Social Work Methods & Interventions for Helping Others . Positive Psychology. https://positivepsychology.com/social-work-methods/
• University of Nevada. (2022, Apr l 12) .  11 Important Social Work Theories and Methods .  https://onlinedegrees.unr.edu/blo /social-work-theories-and-methods/

All examples of mental health documentation are fictional and for informational purposes only.

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Online MSW Programs / Social Work / 6 Important Theories in Social Work

Six important theories in social work

Social work theories attempt to describe, explain and predict social events based on scientific evidence, studies and research. Social work perspectives draw from psychology, philosophy, economics, education and other fields to attempt to explain what drives and motivates people at various stages of life.

Some social work students studying for a  bachelor’s degree in social work  or  master of social work  may wonder, “Why is theory important in social work?” Studying theory ensures that aspiring professionals are both competent and confident when the time comes to apply social work theories to practice.

Why is theory important in social work?

Social work theories help social workers analyze cases, understand clients, create interventions, predict intervention results, and evaluate outcomes. While the theories are constantly evolving as new evidence is produced, referencing social work theories that have been used over time enables social workers to explore causes of behavior and identify potential solutions.

A crucial objective of learning social work theories is to train and encourage social workers to set aside personal assumptions and beliefs when engaging in social work practice. Social workers should use evidence-based theories to investigate issues and drive their decision making.

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Graduate school of social service.

Fordham’s skills-based, online MSW program integrates advanced relevant social work competencies, preparing students to serve individuals and communities while moving the profession forward. This program includes advanced standing and traditional MSW options.

•  Traditional and advanced standing online MSW options are available.
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Applying social work theory to practice

Social work theory provides a starting point for social workers to address client problems through a research-based lens.

The theories help social workers better understand complex human behaviors and social environments, which influence their clients lives and the challenges they face. A good grasp of theory that is backed by research-based scientific evidence helps guide social workers by providing them with a sense of direction and purpose.

One challenge when applying social work theories to practice is choosing the right theory for the situation. It can be difficult to assign a single theory to complex client issues. Often, it’s more practical to draw upon the knowledge of multiple theories and use that understanding to design multifaceted interventions.

List of important social work theories

The following list of social work theories includes some of the most widely referenced theories used in social work.

1. Social learning theory

Social learning theory , which is also known as social cognitive theory , was developed by psychologist Albert Bandura. This theory posits that learning occurs by observing others and modeling their behavior.

In order for social learning to occur, a person must want to emulate the person they’re watching. The individual pays close attention to the action and retains the action in memory. Then, the individual must experience a situation where the behavior can be repeated and must be motivated to repeat the behavior.

Social workers can use this theory to better understand how role models affect the behaviors and emotions of their clients. Social learning theory can also help social workers form intervention strategies that use positive modeling and reinforcement to encourage their clients to engage in new positive behaviors.

2. Systems theory

Systems theory proposes that people are products of complex systems, rather than individuals who act in isolation. According to this theory, behavior is influenced by a variety of factors that work together as a system. These factors include family, friends, social settings, religious structure, economic class, and home environment.

Systems theory can be used to treat issues like eating disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, school trauma, and risky behavior. In ecological systems theory, individuals are observed in multiple environments so that behavior is fully understood. Family systems theory examines the family as a social system influencing behavior and thoughts.

Social workers using systems theory will work to understand how their clients are influenced by the systems they’re a part of. Social workers then identify where systemic breakdowns are affecting behavior.

3. Psychosocial development theory

Psychosocial development theory  was introduced by German psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, who believed personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson created an  eight-stage theory of psychosocial development . According to the theory, the eight stages of development that people pass through in life are:

• Trust versus mistrust
• Autonomy versus shame and doubt
• Initiative versus guilt
• Industry versus inferiority
• Identity versus confusion
• Intimacy versus isolation
• Generativity versus stagnation
• Integrity versus despair

Psychosocial development theory explains that humans pass through these stages as they age. By identifying which stage of development their clients are experiencing, social workers can better understand the challenges their clients face.

4. Psychodynamic theory

Psychodynamic theory  was introduced by the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. This theory is founded on the idea that humans are biologically driven to seek gratification. The theory states that people do this based on processes that have developed outside of conscious awareness, with origins in childhood experiences. This drive influences everyday behavior, leading to actions like aggression, sex and self-preservation.

In social work, psychodynamic theory can help to explain the internal processes individuals use to guide their behavior , some of which may be unconsciously motivated. Social workers may also examine how early childhood experiences have played a role in influencing their clients’ current behavior.

5. Social exchange theory

Social exchange theory suggests that relationships are based on cost-benefit analysis. Each person seeks to maximize their benefits and is expected to reciprocate for the benefits they’ve received. When risks outweigh potential rewards, relationships may be abandoned. When one person in a relationship has greater personal resources than another, that person is predicted to have greater power as well.

Social workers can use social exchange theory to understand their clients’ relationships,  including why they continue to maintain certain relationships or abandon them.

Social exchange theory can also be applied to the techniques social workers use to connect with their clients. This theory can influence how social workers position the social worker-client relationship as one that benefits their clients.

6. Rational choice theory

Rational choice theory helps explain why people make the choices they do, by weighing risks, costs and benefits. This theory suggests that all choices are rational because people calculate the costs and benefits before making a decision. Even when a choice seems irrational, there is reasoning behind it.

This theory can help social workers understand the decision-making processes and motivations of their clients.

Six practice models in social work

Social work practice models enable social workers to implement theories in their day-to-day work. Just like a social worker may use various theories to guide their interventions, social workers may also use various practice models depending on the problems their clients encounter.

1. Cognitive behavioral therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on how thoughts and feelings influence behaviors, which can sometimes lead to psychological problems. Social workers using cognitive behavioral therapy methods help clients identify self-destructive thoughts that influence negative emotions and behaviors.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is often used for individuals who are experiencing mental health issues, mental illness or depression resulting from crisis or trauma. Social workers using cognitive behavioral therapy help their clients eliminate negative thoughts to prevent destructive behaviors and adverse outcomes.

2. Crisis intervention model

The crisis intervention model is used for clients who are experiencing crisis and trauma, such as victims of domestic violence, and for clients who require intervention to prevent physical harm or suicide. Albert R. Roberts, PhD, and Allen J. Ottens, PhD, developed a  seven-stage crisis intervention model :

• Take a psychosocial and lethality assessment.
• Rapidly establish rapport.
• Identify the major crisis cause(s).
• Enable the client to express their feelings and emotions.
• Generate and explore safe alternatives for coping.
• Create an action plan.
• Follow up after the intervention.

This social work model can be used for clients who are experiencing thoughts of suicide or self-harm or who have undergone an acute crisis, like rape or violence.

3. Narrative therapy

Narrative therapy is the process of helping the individual recognize that they have the power to change their life story, also known as the narrative. Narrative therapy helps individuals realize that they are separate from their problems and can fix them when they view the narrative from an outside perspective.

Using narrative therapy, a social worker can help an individual create a new narrative with different positive actions. The social worker enables the individual to understand how the broader context is contributing to their narrative, so that they can be aware of pitfalls to avoid and can utilize various strategies to tackle their problems.

4. Problem-solving model

The problem-solving model was created by Helen Harris Perlman , a social worker and author of “Social Casework: A Problem-solving Process.” Using the problem-solving model, a social worker helps an individual identify a problem, create an action plan to solve it, and implement the solution. Together, the social worker and individual discuss the effectiveness of the problem-solving strategy and adjust it as necessary. The problem-solving model enables the social worker and individual to focus on one concrete problem at a time.

5. Solution-focused therapy

Solution-focused therapy involves the social worker and client identifying a problem and creating a solution based on the individual’s strengths. It’s a short-term practice model that focuses on helping clients cope with challenges using specific behaviors. Instead of focusing on changing who a client is, solution-focused therapy attempts to change a client’s actions in certain situations to achieve more favorable outcomes.

Collaborating to create solutions allows the client to play an active role in implementing necessary actions and achieving positive change.

6. Task-centered practice

Using task-centered practice, a social worker breaks down a problem into manageable tasks. The individual has deadlines to complete the tasks and agrees to meet them. Task-centered practice is a goal-setting form of social work that helps individuals make consistent steps toward improving their lives.

Instead of focusing on the past, this type of practice encourages clients to live in the present and think about how completing certain tasks will positively impact their future.

Resources to explore social work theories

Social work theories have been practiced over decades and continually evolve when new research is completed. Learn more about social work theories by exploring the resources below.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work : This journal features research on evidence-based practice in social work and evaluates social work theory, techniques, and strategies.
• Journal of Social Work Practice : This journal focuses on psychodynamic and systemic social work perspectives. It features research on theory and practice and includes articles offering critical analysis of systemic and psychodynamic theory.
• Journal of Social Work : This journal includes social work research and short “think pieces” on social work theoretical understanding, policy, and practice.
• Social Work:  This journal is the official journal of the National Association of Social Workers and features articles on social work and social welfare, including new techniques and research.
• Clinical Social Work Journal:  This journal features peer-reviewed articles on clinical social work practice with individuals, groups, families, and couples. It also has articles on theory developments, practice and evidence-based clinical research.

Introductory books

• “A Brief Introduction to Social Work Theory” : This textbook by David Howe explains how social work practice is influenced by various social work theories and shows how social work theories have evolved over time.
• “An Introduction to Applying Social Work Theories and Methods”:    This book by Barbra Teater explains the most prominent social work theories and how those approaches can be used in practice.
• “Social Work Theory and Practice”:  This book by Lesley Deacon and Stephen J. Macdonald explains how social work theory informs practice for various individuals and contexts.
• “Modern Social Work Theory”:  This book by Malcolm Payne introduces the major social work practice theories and explains how to apply theory to practice.
• “An Introduction to Using Theory in Social Work Practice”:  This book by James A. Forte covers 14 social work theories and explains how to use them from engagement through evaluation.

Note: the links in this section on Social Work Theory all go to Google Books and are solely provided for your information. edX does not receive any form of compensation for these links.

Other online resources

• NASW Clinical Social Work : This section of the National Association of Social Workers website covers clinical social work practice. It features content, publications, and related resources for clinical social workers, like the “ NASW Standards for Clinical Social Work in Social Work Practice (PDF, 135 KB) .”
• Encyclopedia of Social Work:  The Encyclopedia of Social Work by the National Association of Social Workers Press and Oxford University Press features tools for applying social work theory to practice. These resources include scholarly articles and bibliographies.
• Social Work Today :  This publication features articles on current social work trends in categories like behavioral health, addictions, children and family, aging and professional practice.

Science-based social work theory helps social workers and their clients succeed

Social work theory helps professionals in the field identify and implement effective interventions for clients. An understanding of the most prominent social work theories gives social workers the tools they need to provide evidence-based treatment and help their clients overcome their problems. As social work theories continue to evolve and emerge, social workers can apply their multifaceted knowledge to unique situations and clients.

Are you considering a career in social work? Read more about the field of social work and the steps to becoming a social worker , which can vary by location. 

Last updated: November 2023

Professional Skills

• Mar 8, 2022
• 12 min read

20 Essential Skills You Need to Be a Social Worker

Want to become a social worker? You'll need these top skills to succeed!

Andrew Moran

Business and Finance Expert

Reviewed by Chris Leitch

Social work is an important career choice to make because it requires a great deal of commitment, time and emotional energy.

With your skills — both learned and inherent — you aim to help the most vulnerable in our society: the mentally ill, the struggling family and the perpetually unemployed. It is an admirable choice of career, since you likely could have embarked upon a career that offers more financial compensation, flexibility and prestige.

This is why it’s essential that you know this is the line of work you want to do. It’s a lifetime commitment that can be rewarding at times and emotionally exhausting at others. The best way to tackle this job head-on is to enter it with your eyes wide open.

If you’re interested in entering the field of social work right after school or you want to transition to a new career , then here are several critical skills that every social worker needs.

1. Communication

In social work, communication is your primary task day in and day out.

One of the key requirements for any social worker is having the ability to communicate effectively, regularly and in various ways — verbally and in writing. You must be clear, concise and transparent about what you want your clients to do, how you’re going to assist those you are working with, and what goals you’re laying out.

Communicating with your colleagues and supervisor is also essential.

2. Active listening

Active listening is a key skill in much of a social worker’s daily role. By engaging with the other person, reflecting on what they say and following along the conversation are elements of active listening. This is an essential skill because it builds trust, establishes a cordial relationship, and conveys respect.

“To comprehend and identify a client's needs, social workers must engage in active listening,” says Alina Clark, the cofounder and marketing director of  CocoDoc . “Listening intently, focusing, asking the correct questions, and employing paraphrase and summarizing strategies all aid social workers in engaging and establishing trust with clients.”

In the end, you will help the other individual feel visible, respected and assisted — elements crucial to what the industry calls a “therapeutic alliance”.

3. Leadership

As a social worker, you’re advocating for your clients, a pursuit that requires leadership skills .

As a leader, you’re obtaining the necessary resources for clients, getting services that communities require and exacting change to empower your clients’ lives, whether they’re on social assistance or suffering from postpartum depression following the birth of their twins.

With your leadership, you’re creating new initiatives, eliminating outdated programs, and proposing policies to help everyone.

4. Emotional intelligence

Many people talk of having a high IQ, but have you heard of having a high EQ — otherwise known as emotional intelligence ?

This is something that a lot of social workers inherently have, which is often the reason why they want to enter this field. By maintaining a commendable EQ level, you’re typically self-aware and sensitive to your clients’ wellbeing.

Most importantly, perhaps with classes or guidance, you can strike a fine balance between what your intuition tells you and the knowledge you have gained through education.

5. Boundary setting

A common grievance that many social workers have about their career endeavors is that they get burned out too quickly. In social work, you’re doing your utmost to help as many people as possible, looking for multiple resources and keeping in touch with every single connection. Unfortunately, if you do too much too quickly for one client — and then the next one — you will ultimately stumble and collapse. By the end of it all, you cannot assist anyone else — you might even feel some resentment.

The best way to avoid this is to establish the appropriate and necessary boundaries, whether it is establishing working hours or not getting into intimate relationships — and this applies to colleagues and clients.

6. Critical thinking

Critical thinking is multifaceted: you apply clinical theories to your treatment, incorporate new research into your plans, and maintain an ethical stance with your clients through both basic assistance and crises.

“By gathering information through observation, interviews, and study, social workers must be able to objectively analyze each situation,” says Clark. “Social workers can make educated judgments, locate the greatest resources, and build the best strategy to serve clients by thinking critically and without bias.”

7. Intervention

You connect patients with medical professionals. You find employment opportunities for the unemployed. You get clients in touch with family members who have decided to no longer keep in touch with them.

What do all these have in common? They all require a finesse that you know how to achieve through your communication skills. What’s more, your intervention enables your clients to manage their own lives without anyone holding their hand.

8. Documentation

Like any other career, there will be bureaucracy, red tape, and paperwork — lots and lots of paperwork. This is where your documentation skills come into play. You will need to compose emails, maintain a contact list, establish progress reports, and organize a comprehensive treatment plan (if applicable).

When you embarked upon this endeavor, you never thought about how paperwork would play a large role in your daily tasks, but it is and always will be.

You may not believe it, but documentation is still a crucial role in social work because, without it, you would not be able to offer the correct and necessary assistance, since you would inevitably lose track.

9. Organization

“People who work in social care often have busy schedules and a wide range of responsibilities in addition to managing and supporting their clients, including documentation, reporting, billing and collaboration,” says Julian Goldie, the CEO of Goldie Agency . “Thus, social workers need to be extremely organized and able to prioritize clients’ needs in order to effectively manage cases.”

By knowing how to organize your workload , you are not only likely to make excellent decisions, but you are also simplifying your work environment — your office isn’t in disarray and your time is better spent with your clients.

10. Problem solving

Every day, someone comes to you to help solve their problems, whether it’s trying to stay under a roof after missing rent payments or staying away from alcohol after a rough day at the office.

It can be difficult to try and come up with reasonable and relevant solutions to ensure they do not break down, lose their jobs or return to drugs. Indeed, it can be hard, but it is your job to be a problem solver , something that is a must-have in social work.

Sure, you can practice empathy and actively listen to their issues, but it is just as important to have an inkling or an idea of how to come up with successful resolutions.

11. Understanding human relationships

This is one of the most important social work skills to have, but let’s be honest: “human relationships” is a vast term that covers a wide range of components when it comes to the connections between individuals and a social worker. For example, possessing a form of empathy to identify the other person’s experience is paramount to social work. Or, as another instance, knowing that a patient may develop romantic feelings for the social worker because of a broad array of traits the patient has, and being able to alter your behavior to avoid such situations.

Indeed, humans are complex social creatures, and trying to help troubled individuals, whether they are suffering from a debilitating disease or they can’t seem to get on the right path, can be an uphill battle. A person who understands (and utilizes) how human relationships are formed can ensure that a suitable professional does a great job when working with the patient.

12. Time management

Flexibility and dependability are the chief objectives of maintaining impeccable time management skills. With a little bit of organization and abandoning any procrastination, you can ensure you can manage your time more efficiently .

In social work, no day is the same, especially as you begin to work with more people. Time management is critical to your position, but this can be challenging when you have multiple individuals to work with as part of your job. While you want to perform your duties effectively, you also want to be flexible and dependable to maintain a level of trust you have developed with the person, which is an essential skill to have as a social worker.

13. Communicating with children

Many social workers will come into contact with children. A kid will either be the patient you work directly with or maybe a client’s son or daughter that you need to communicate with to assess a particular situation. Whatever the case may be, it is critical to know how to communicate with children, which can be difficult when you aren’t trained to work with kids, or you don’t have the natural abilities to be around young children.

So, how can you achieve this? Here are a few tips:

• Pay strict attention to the child.
• Talk about everyday things in life.
• Be open to all kinds of feelings (anger and joy, for example).
• Eliminate distractions while talking to the child, like your smartphone and pen and notepad.
• Play with the child during your questions.

14. Observation

Being observational is one of the many critical skills required of a social worker since you are combing through details and quantifying things as you notice them. This is done by maintaining an observational journal and having great active listening skills to ensure you are making notes in your mind about the individual.

15. Engagement

In the end, the most effective social worker is one who has this one key trait: engagement. Whether it’s showing interest in a case or being excited about working with someone, being an engaging social worker is a soft skill that is essentially a prerequisite for these professionals. Indeed, if you treat every case the same without any enthusiasm, the person who needs assistance will acknowledge this and refrain from opening up or offering another level of information that could be crucial.

16. Multitasking

It’s important to be able to compartmentalize cases. Being able to work on more than one thing at a time is a great skill to have, but you’ll need to make sure you don’t get information confused. You could be on the phone with one client while writing a report about another. Being able to work on two things at the same time, without confusing the information, is a great skill to have. It can be challenging to multitask, so if it isn’t one of your strengths, it might be worth looking into ways to improve your multitasking skills .

17. Respect

Treating individuals with respect is one of the more important skills you’ll need to have to become a social worker. You’ll be working with people from many diverse backgrounds with different beliefs than those you hold. Being respectful of these beliefs and treating people with dignity, no matter their background, is essential.

18. Patience

If you’re a little hot-headed and impatient, then this isn’t the right career for you. To be a social worker, you’ll need patience — buckets of it! You’ll spend hours, days, weeks, and sometimes months speaking to people to get to the bottom of their issues. There’s a high chance that their walls won’t crumble immediately, and it will take time and perseverance to get them to open up to you.

19. Dependability

Being dependable is important in building trust with your clients. If you’re a bit of a flake who misses appointments, is late, doesn’t respond in a timely manner, and changes their mind constantly, then you won’t build the level of trust needed with the client. If you’re the kind of person who’s always there when you say you will be, rain or shine, then this might be a good route for you to go.

20. Collaboration

Social workers don’t work alone; they collaborate with other agencies for the best possible outcome. Mental health social workers, for example, work with community mental health nurses, psychiatrists, and psychologists to provide the best level of care they can for their client. If you work better within a team that’s working towards a common goal, that’s great! If you’re more of a lone wolf, then a different career path might be better suited to you.

Final thoughts

Social work is a job that comes in all shapes and sizes. You may be assigned to an impoverished community that’s consumed with drug dealers, alcoholics, and high school dropouts, or you might be transferred to a hospital to work with new mothers who are dealing with a lot of mental stress. No matter what, it’s a challenging job and one that has its ups and downs.

That said, if you know you have the skills for social work, then it probably is your calling. It takes adjustment, dedication, and plenty of tears to get used to the life of a social worker. In the end, however, when you have located jobs for struggling youth, or you have ensured that a recovering drug addict has found a roof over their head, you realize that the sleepless nights and tears were all worth it.

Join the conversation! What skills do you think are important for a social worker? Let us know in the comments section below!

Originally published on 22 October 2018. Updated by Hayley Ramsey.

Soft Skills

Career Exploration

Community and Social Services

11 Important Social Work Theories and Methods

View all blog posts under News and Articles

Social work plays an important role in the mental and emotional health of individuals and communities. Social workers serve clients who are in crisis, who may have addiction disorders, who are in unhealthy relationships, or who are housing or food insecure. While social work is a thoroughly modern profession, its roots date to the 19th century, with the passage of laws aimed at improving the condition of poor and vulnerable communities.

Social work theories and methods are crucial to the modern practice of social work. Accredited Master of Social Work (MSW) programs teach these important theories to prepare students for a career as a licensed social worker.

The following 11 social work theories and methods are some of the most important principles in the field today:

1. Psychosocial Theory

Psychosocial theory, which Erik Erikson developed in the 1950s, is the main principle of social work. Also referred to as person-in-environment (PIE) theory, psychosocial theory posits that a person develops a personality in stages, based on environment and relationships with family and community.

As children, teens and adults, humans go through successive stages, acquiring autonomy, initiative, identity, creativity and a capacity for intimacy. However, at every stage, the chance exists that people will instead develop a capacity for mistrust, shame, guilt, isolation and despair. For example, in the identity vs. role confusion stage, teens undergo conflict as they work out their identity in relation to the expectations of their parents, teachers and community.

2. Attachment Theory

Attachment theory is one of the best-known theories that provide a framework for social workers to understand human behavior. Attachment theory holds that babies have innate behaviors whose purpose is to ensure that caregivers meet their needs. These behaviors include crying, making eye contact, clinging and smiling. The development of healthy attachments lets a child be secure enough to meet the world with confidence. However, when the attachment is inconsistent or broken, children develop maladaptive behaviors that impact development.

3. Systems Theory

Systems theory provides a framework for understanding why a person behaves in a certain way. Social workers can investigate all the factors that impact or have been impacted by a client, and by understanding all these systems, they can put together a picture of what drives a client’s behavior and choices.

For example, systems theory provides an understanding of adolescent risk-taking behavior. Researchers who studied Swiss teenagers reported in 2021 that teenage boys were more likely to engage in risky behavior because their drive for sensation seeking outpaced their drive for self-regulation.

4. Behavioral Theory

Behavioral theory, or behaviorism, holds that people learn behaviors through conditioning. A person performs an action that’s reinforced through a natural consequence or a negative consequence. Social workers often use behavioral therapy techniques to treat patients. For example, therapists may use conditioning techniques to help clients modify undesirable behaviors. Behavioral theory is often used in conjunction with cognitive components to form cognitive behavioral therapy treatments.

5. Cognitive Theory

Cognitive theory holds that emotional responses come from thought processes. Social workers can use cognitive theory to help patients identify the thoughts that trigger a certain behavior. They can help patients reframe these thought processes to overcome negative behaviors. Cognitive theory and the associated social cognitive theory can be used to help patients overcome phobias, such as social phobia.

6. Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Social workers use cognitive behavioral methods to help clients reframe limiting or negative behaviors. They guide individuals through steps to understand their behavior, including the thought processes leading up to it. Social workers may use exposure therapy, meditation, journaling or other tools to help clients overcome anxiety and fears. Clients with depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respond well to cognitive behavioral methods.

7. Motivational Theory

What pushes a person to act? Many types of motivational theories seek to answer that question. One of the most famous is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: This theory states that only when the most pressing needs (food, shelter, safety) have been met can people seek higher goals (love, learning, art). One example of motivational theory in practice is motivational interviewing. In this technique, a social worker guides and empowers clients to manage change. The technique is collaborative and respectful and can be applied in a variety of settings.

8. Empowerment Theory

Empowerment theory is a central tenet of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics, as part of the profession’s commitment to social justice. Empowerment theory holds that social workers must support clients and their communities in building connections, fighting injustice and creating grassroots organizations. Empowerment theory, like conflict theory, aims to change society rather than provide a treatment model for individuals.

9. Task-Centered Model

The combination of social work theories and methods provides a powerful toolkit for social workers. Based on the theories presented here, social workers have numerous methods for working with patients.

For example, social workers may use a task-centered model to help their clients develop problem-solving skills. The goal of a task-centered practice is to help individuals achieve autonomy. The social worker guides clients through the five stages of problem-solving: (1) defining the problem, (2) brainstorming ideas and running through scenarios, (3) choosing a solution, (4) applying the solution, and (5) analyzing how well the solution worked.

The task-centered model can seem simplistic, but as social workers and their clients often discover, learning to be effective problem-solvers is harder than it looks.

10. Crisis Intervention

Social workers have been at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, just as they are during other natural disasters. Social workers employ crisis intervention techniques and methodologies to treat and stabilize the mental and emotional health of people in crisis. They work in the community, in hospitals and in other healthcare facilities. Social workers treat clients suffering from illness and grief. They also mobilize community responses and help already marginalized individuals and communities receive resources and treatment.

11. Narrative Method

Narrative methods recognize that we all tell stories about ourselves and others. Social workers use narrative therapy to help clients define their stories and identities. For example, this narrative technique can help change an individual’s self-perception as a  criminal to someone worthy of redemption. The narrative method centers clients as the experts in their own life and avoids blame. It focuses on helping clients change behaviors that’ve injured them in the past.

Make a Difference: Explore the MSW Program at the University of Nevada, Reno

Social work is an evidence-based profession with a long history of research and publication in human psychology. Social workers have a vast toolkit with which to treat individuals and help heal communities. If you’re drawn to a career that uses proven theories to help those in need, learn more about the online MSW program at the University of Nevada, Reno. With a curriculum grounded in these social work theories and methods, it offers graduates an excellent foundation for a future in social work.

Recommended Reading:

What Does It Take to Be an Effective Social Worker?

Social Worker Jobs: Skills and Careers in This Crucial Field

Social Worker vs. Therapist: Which Career Path Is Right for You?

Critically Infused Social Work, Narrative Therapy

Healthline, “9 CBT Techniques for Better Mental Health”

Indeed, 15 Social Work Theories for You to Know

Motivational Interviewing, “Understanding Motivational Interviewing”

National Association of Social Workers, Read the Code of Ethics

Oxford University Press, “Measuring Instruments for Empowerment in Social Work: A Scoping Review”

PositivePsychology.com, “10 Fascinating Social Work Theories & Models”

PositivePsychology.com, “20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology”

Practical Psychology, “Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development”

Scientific Research Publishing, “The Role of Social Work and Social Work Leadership in Pandemic Crisis Intervention”

Simply Psychology, “Aversion Therapy”

Social Work Haven, “5 Social Work Theories to Understand Before You Graduate”

SpringerLink, “An Evaluation of Dual Systems Theories of Adolescent Delinquency in a Normative Longitudinal Cohort Study of Youth”

Verywell Mind, “History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology”

Verywell Mind, “How Cognitive Theory Is Used in Phobia Treatment”

ONLINE MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK

• Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU)
• Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Accreditation

The social work education programs provided by the University of Nevada, Reno School of Social Work are accredited at the baccalaureate and master’s levels by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). This indicates to the public and to potential employers that graduates meet the high professional standards established by CSWE in its Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS). Please refer to  www.cswe.org  for a complete list of Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards. The university’s MSW program has been accredited by CSWE since 1991.

• Recognized as a National Tier 1 University by  U.S. News & World Report
• Ranks among the top 150 national universities in research and development
• R1 Carnegie Classification research institution

• INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
• Problem Solving and Decision Making
• Social Problem Solving

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Interpersonal Skills:

• A - Z List of Interpersonal Skills
• Interpersonal Skills Self-Assessment
• Communication Skills
• Emotional Intelligence
• Conflict Resolution and Mediation Skills
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• Effective Decision Making
• Decision-Making Framework
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• Identifying and Structuring Problems
• Investigating Ideas and Solutions
• Implementing a Solution and Feedback
• Creative Problem-Solving

Social Problem-Solving

• Negotiation and Persuasion Skills
• Personal and Romantic Relationship Skills

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The SkillsYouNeed Guide to Interpersonal Skills

Social problem-solving might also be called ‘ problem-solving in real life ’. In other words, it is a rather academic way of describing the systems and processes that we use to solve the problems that we encounter in our everyday lives.

The word ‘ social ’ does not mean that it only applies to problems that we solve with other people, or, indeed, those that we feel are caused by others. The word is simply used to indicate the ‘ real life ’ nature of the problems, and the way that we approach them.

Social problem-solving is generally considered to apply to four different types of problems:

• Impersonal problems, for example, shortage of money;
• Personal problems, for example, emotional or health problems;
• Interpersonal problems, such as disagreements with other people; and
• Community and wider societal problems, such as litter or crime rate.

A Model of Social Problem-Solving

One of the main models used in academic studies of social problem-solving was put forward by a group led by Thomas D’Zurilla.

This model includes three basic concepts or elements:

Problem-solving

This is defined as the process used by an individual, pair or group to find an effective solution for a particular problem. It is a self-directed process, meaning simply that the individual or group does not have anyone telling them what to do. Parts of this process include generating lots of possible solutions and selecting the best from among them.

A problem is defined as any situation or task that needs some kind of a response if it is to be managed effectively, but to which no obvious response is available. The demands may be external, from the environment, or internal.

A solution is a response or coping mechanism which is specific to the problem or situation. It is the outcome of the problem-solving process.

Once a solution has been identified, it must then be implemented. D’Zurilla’s model distinguishes between problem-solving (the process that identifies a solution) and solution implementation (the process of putting that solution into practice), and notes that the skills required for the two are not necessarily the same. It also distinguishes between two parts of the problem-solving process: problem orientation and actual problem-solving.

Problem Orientation

Problem orientation is the way that people approach problems, and how they set them into the context of their existing knowledge and ways of looking at the world.

Each of us will see problems in a different way, depending on our experience and skills, and this orientation is key to working out which skills we will need to use to solve the problem.

An Example of Orientation

Most people, on seeing a spout of water coming from a loose joint between a tap and a pipe, will probably reach first for a cloth to put round the joint to catch the water, and then a phone, employing their research skills to find a plumber.

A plumber, however, or someone with some experience of plumbing, is more likely to reach for tools to mend the joint and fix the leak. It’s all a question of orientation.

Problem-Solving

Problem-solving includes four key skills:

• Defining the problem,
• Coming up with alternative solutions,
• Making a decision about which solution to use, and
• Implementing that solution.

Based on this split between orientation and problem-solving, D’Zurilla and colleagues defined two scales to measure both abilities.

They defined two orientation dimensions, positive and negative, and three problem-solving styles, rational, impulsive/careless and avoidance.

They noted that people who were good at orientation were not necessarily good at problem-solving and vice versa, although the two might also go together.

It will probably be obvious from these descriptions that the researchers viewed positive orientation and rational problem-solving as functional behaviours, and defined all the others as dysfunctional, leading to psychological distress.

The skills required for positive problem orientation are:

Being able to see problems as ‘challenges’, or opportunities to gain something, rather than insurmountable difficulties at which it is only possible to fail.

For more about this, see our page on The Importance of Mindset ;

Believing that problems are solvable. While this, too, may be considered an aspect of mindset, it is also important to use techniques of Positive Thinking ;

Believing that you personally are able to solve problems successfully, which is at least in part an aspect of self-confidence.

See our page on Building Confidence for more;

Understanding that solving problems successfully will take time and effort, which may require a certain amount of resilience ; and

Motivating yourself to solve problems immediately, rather than putting them off.

See our pages on Self-Motivation and Time Management for more.

Those who find it harder to develop positive problem orientation tend to view problems as insurmountable obstacles, or a threat to their well-being, doubt their own abilities to solve problems, and become frustrated or upset when they encounter problems.

The skills required for rational problem-solving include:

The ability to gather information and facts, through research. There is more about this on our page on defining and identifying problems ;

The ability to set suitable problem-solving goals. You may find our page on personal goal-setting helpful;

The application of rational thinking to generate possible solutions. You may find some of the ideas on our Creative Thinking page helpful, as well as those on investigating ideas and solutions ;

Good decision-making skills to decide which solution is best. See our page on Decision-Making for more; and

Implementation skills, which include the ability to plan, organise and do. You may find our pages on Action Planning , Project Management and Solution Implementation helpful.

There is more about the rational problem-solving process on our page on Problem-Solving .

Potential Difficulties

Those who struggle to manage rational problem-solving tend to either:

• Rush things without thinking them through properly (the impulsive/careless approach), or
• Avoid them through procrastination, ignoring the problem, or trying to persuade someone else to solve the problem (the avoidance mode).

This ‘ avoidance ’ is not the same as actively and appropriately delegating to someone with the necessary skills (see our page on Delegation Skills for more).

Instead, it is simple ‘buck-passing’, usually characterised by a lack of selection of anyone with the appropriate skills, and/or an attempt to avoid responsibility for the problem.

An Academic Term for a Human Process?

You may be thinking that social problem-solving, and the model described here, sounds like an academic attempt to define very normal human processes. This is probably not an unreasonable summary.

However, breaking a complex process down in this way not only helps academics to study it, but also helps us to develop our skills in a more targeted way. By considering each element of the process separately, we can focus on those that we find most difficult: maximum ‘bang for your buck’, as it were.

Continue to: Decision Making Creative Problem-Solving

See also: What is Empathy? Social Skills

Strengths-Based Approach in Social Work: 6 Examples & Tools

It is a holistic, collaborative approach concerned with identifying a client’s inner and outer resources to promote resilience (Pulla, 2017).

Client strengths include their individual talents and problem-solving abilities as well as the resources available in their support networks, such as family, friends, and the wider community. In short, this approach focuses on what is strong, not just what is wrong (Baron et al., 2019).

This article will explore the strengths-based approach to social work, the different models and theories used, and some strengths assessment tools available for social workers. A strengths-based approach requires a social worker to establish a collaborative relationship with clients that develops their resilience to life’s challenges.

Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Strengths Exercises for free . These detailed, science-based exercises will help your clients realize their unique potential and create a life that feels energizing and authentic.

This Article Contains:

Strengths-based approach in social work, social work & strengths: 3 models and theories, how does it work in practice 3 examples, performing strengths mapping explained, 3 strengths assessment tools for social workers, comprehensive list of client strengths, a look at strengths-based interviews, best resources from positivepsychology.com, a take-home message.

The strengths-based approach has been widely embraced in the social work field because of its holistic, person-centered perspective that focuses on clients’ assets rather than their deficits, pathologies, and problems.

The strengths-based approach draws on a variety of models and theories and comprises a collaboration between the social worker and their client that maps the client’s strengths and assesses these strengths as the foundation for social work intervention planning (Pattoni, 2012).

The social worker focuses on building on the client’s existing strengths , assets, and resources and the support available in their relationships and community. This avoids duplicating services that may already be available and contributes to the development of grassroots community resources as their locally targeted reach expands (Berg, 2009).

The video below from the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) explains the approach in accessible terms.

Several strengths-based models of care have been developed, including the following.

1. Asset-based community development (ABCD)

The asset-based community development approach focuses on a client’s strengths in the context of their wider network and community resources. ABCD is based on five core principles (Russell, 2017).

• Citizen led

According to this model, local people are in the driving seat of change and first establish community strengths that can be shared locally, before searching for additional support from outside agencies.

• Relationship oriented

While this approach recognizes individual clients’ strengths and skills , it also recognizes how these can be amplified by the presence of supportive relationships. Relational power means the societal whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

• Asset based

This involves focusing on what’s strong rather than what’s wrong. This focus builds on existing strengths to make them stronger and then uses them to address what’s wrong.

• Place based

This focuses on local neighborhood community development from a bottom-up rather than top-down perspective by drawing on local people’s knowledge of each other’s strengths and local resources that institutional agents often miss.

• Inclusion focused

Communities have imperceptible boundaries that define who belongs and who is deemed an outsider. The focus on inclusion recognizes that those on the edges of communities often have skills and assets that can benefit their neighbors and enrich community life as a whole.

2. Knowledge, values, ethics, theory, and skills (KVETS)

KVETS stands for knowledge, values, experience, theories, and skills (Stanley et al., 2018). It is the practice framework recommended in the UK 2014 Care Act as a strengths-based approach to social work. The model comprises a set of practice triggers to be considered when making decisions and choosing an intervention.

The aim is to provide person-centered, holistic, ethical interventions that uphold human rights and social justice, as illustrated in the diagram below.

Source: https://www.scie.org.uk/publications/guides/guide13/law/

For further reading on KVETS, check out the SCIE’s extensive resources on the subject.

3. Local area coordination (LAC)

LAC is a strengths-based approach to social work that focuses on relationship building and developing community networks (The Local Area Coordination Network, 2019). The approach aims to provide person-centered services that are co-created with local communities. Individuals require less institutional intervention and ongoing care because they draw on existing strengths and community resources.

LAC has 10 largely self-explanatory principles:

• Citizenship for all
• Relationships matter
• People have natural authority
• Lifelong learning for all
• Information is power
• People need choice and control
• Community creates opportunity
• Everyone can contribute
• Working together is powerful
• Services should complement people’s goals

A local area coordinator is assigned to a defined neighborhood and works with people who are at risk of needing formal service intervention and may be isolated or causing concern locally.

The coordinator helps clients to identify what they want and need that is missing from life. The coordinator and client explore the client’s personal, relational, and community assets and collaborate on practical solutions to existing problems to minimize formal service intervention.

In this way, a local area coordinator helps clients build connections locally and develop skills that promote resilience and independence (Lunt & Bainbridge, 2019).

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A great way to illustrate how a strength-based approach makes a difference, is with the three inspiring examples below.

1. Embrace, Richmond, VA, United States

In the video below, a social worker from Richmond, VA, in the United States describes an Embrace neighborhood project that decided to use ABCD. This was after three separate murders in the first three weeks of 2011, and after a three- to four-year journey, the Richmond neighborhood had turned itself around.

2. Doncaster Children’s Services Trust, UK

In the video below, social workers from Doncaster Children’s Services Trust  describe how they use strengths-based approaches to get the best for children and families who face hurdles in the parenting process.

KVETS is the strengths-based framework recommended in the UK Government’s 2014 Care Act and used by social services across the United Kingdom (Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2015a).

3. National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), Australia

The NDIS helps children and adults with intellectual, physical, sensory, cognitive, and psychosocial disabilities get the support they need to develop their skills and independence.

They use local area coordinators to plan and implement support packages in collaboration with their service users. For a brief explanation, see the video below.

Strengths or asset mapping involves identifying individual, family, and community strengths or assets as the basis for planning social work interventions (Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2015b).

Many tools can be used to map individual strengths . However, in a social work context, this usually begins by having the first of the three conversations described below and detailed in the SCIE’s three conversations model. This person-centered dialogue aims to identify a client’s resources, needs, and sources of support.

Specialist social work services, such as mental health services or children’s services, may use specific assessment tools to engage with their clients further after having this initial conversation. Some of these are discussed below.

Further strengths mapping is required to decide on a specific social work intervention. This typically takes place at a community or neighborhood level. The Rural Health Information Hub (n.d.) in the United States describes their strengths-based asset mapping exercise as:

“A systematic process of cataloging key services, benefits, and resources within the community, such as individuals’ skill sets, organizational resources, physical space, institutions, associations, and elements of the local economy.”

The local community is much more likely to buy into interventions if they build on the community resources available and support their further development. Social work services become more targeted, effective, and relevant the more they engage with and build on existing community resources.

Below is a list of community assets that might be included in each segment of an asset map.

You will find an example of an asset map on page 15 of this guide .

Using a strengths-based assessment framework ensures that a social worker conducts a holistic and balanced assessment of a client’s resources and needs that does not reduce them to a set of problems or symptoms rooted in discourses of deviance, psychopathology, frailty, or illness (Graybeal, 2001).

A strengths assessment begins with a “blossoming conversation” that should be as natural as possible. It should not be structured around service eligibility criteria, although these are addressed later. A visual mind map of the blossoming conversation is reproduced below.

Source: City of Wolverhampton Council (2017, p. 17).

The blossoming conversation refers to the initial rapport building required to progress through the three conversations and ROPES assessment processes detailed below.

1. The three conversations model

The three conversations model is a strengths-based approach to needs assessment and care planning recommended by the UK Care Act guidelines published by the SCIE. The model recommends that social workers engage their clients in three types of conversations to assess their strengths and needs (Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2015a).

• First, explore people’s needs and identify their sources of personal, family, and community support.
• Second, assess risk and any crisis interventions that may be needed and establish provision.
• Third, discuss long-term outcomes and planning based on a client’s vision of a good life and how to mobilize the resources needed, including budgetary needs and drawing on personal and community strengths.

For a more detailed account of the model, you can visit the SCIE website.

2. Resources, opportunities, possibilities, exceptions, and solutions (ROPES) model

ROPES is a strengths-based framework devised by Graybeal (2001) to guide practitioners on the broader process of continuous strengths-based assessment.

The table below outlines the ROPES model with life domains that should be considered during an assessment and questions to be considered during an exploratory conversation.

Adapted from City of Wolverhampton Council (2017, p. 18).

3. The recovery model

The recovery model is a person-centered, holistic, and strengths-based approach to the provision of mental health services that contrasts sharply with the old medical model rooted in psychopathology and medication (Jacob, 2015). It emphasizes peer support during recovery as a primary strength and source of social integration, especially following a period of hospitalization.

The recovery model is a framework that identifies a service user’s strengths to build resilience. A social worker will support their client to regain control of their life after experiencing a serious mental illness. For many service users, recovery is about living a meaningful life while living with a mental health problem (Scottish Recovery Network, n.d.).

The Scottish Recovery Network (n.d.) describes the recovery model using the following four pillars:

• Champions and values lived experience by integrating it into all parts of the system.
• Embeds peer support approaches and roles in mental health services and supports.
• Offers more community-based support and choices so everyone can be supported when and where they need it.
• Works with others to create a more equal society where good mental health and wellbeing can flourish.

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The following list is not exhaustive but gives some indication of the areas a social worker and client can explore together during a strengths-based assessment and collaborative care planning (Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2015b).

8 Individual strengths

• Personal qualities
• Knowledge and skills
• Relationships
• Passions and interests
• Health status
• Financial status
• Housing conditions
• Access to transport

Adapted from Berg (2009).

6 Family strengths

• Appreciation and affection – People in strong families care deeply for one another and tell each other so regularly.
• Commitment and dedication to each other’s wellbeing
• Positive ongoing communication to stay connected
• Enjoying time together
• Spiritual wellbeing and shared spiritual values/religious practice – Shared spiritual values can be considered the heart of the family and a set of shared life values that enable them to stay connected whatever happens.
• Successful management of stress and crises when they occur

Adapted from JRank (n.d.).

8 Environmental strengths

• Community groups
• Shared interest groups
• Health and social care services
• Leisure facilities
• Community buildings like libraries and community centers
• Green spaces like parks and public gardens

Strengths-based interviewing in social work practice refers to both assessment processes and the ongoing evaluation of care plans and services (City of Wolverhampton Council, 2017). As described above, strengths-based social work assessment focuses on specific types of conversations that build rapport by relating to the client as a whole person, rather than a diagnosis or set of problems.

However, one specific type of strengths-based interview is motivational interviewing (MI), an intervention that facilitates behavioral change. MI is “a collaborative, person-centered form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation to change” (Miller & Rollnick, 2009, p. 137).

Motivational interviewing is effective in supporting client-centered behavioral change and has an established evidence base.

It is based on the following four pillars:

• Engaging Building a relationship based on empathy and active listening
• Focusing Establishing which behaviors the client would like to change and identifying obstacles and struggles blocking such change
• Evoking Drawing out the client’s motivation for change and their ideas about how they could make changes by drawing on their strengths, assets, and resources
• Planning Collaborative action planning that provides a bridge to change

MI is a strengths-based interviewing technique that social workers use to facilitate client-led behavioral change. To find out more, look at this video interview with the founder of the MI approach, William R. Miller.

PositivePsychology.com has a range of resources you can use to support a strengths-based social work practice.

First, you can download our free worksheets Exploring Character Strengths , Strengths in Challenging Times , and Motivational Interviewing in Social Work .

In addition, we have a huge selection of articles in our dedicated Strengths & Virtues category, providing you with insight, worksheets, and further guidance.

We also offer a complete eight-module training course called the Realizing Resilience Masterclass© should you wish to dive deep and take your practice further.

If you’re looking for more science-based ways to help others develop their strengths, check out this collection of 17 strength-finding tools for practitioners. Use them to help others better understand and harness their strengths in life-enhancing ways.

17 Exercises To Discover & Unlock Strengths

Use these 17 Strength-Finding Exercises [PDF] to help others discover and leverage their unique strengths in life, promoting enhanced performance and flourishing.

Created by Experts. 100% Science-based.

A strengths-based approach to social work involves building a collaborative, person-centered relationship with your client that treats them as a unique individual by focusing on their personal, relational, and community strengths.

No longer is a client viewed as a diagnosis or collection of problems, but rather as a unique individual who may require additional support for a while.

This approach benefits the quality of social work relationships by promoting clients’ self-efficacy, resilience, and independence.

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Don’t forget to download our three Strengths Exercises for free .

• Baron, S., Colomina, C., Pereira, T., & Stanley, T. (2019). Strengths-based approach: Practice framework and practice handbook . Department of Health & Social Care, United Kingdom.
• Berg, C. J. (2009). A comprehensive framework for conducting client assessments: highlighting strengths, environmental factors and hope. Journal of Practical Consulting , 3(2), 9–13.
• City of Wolverhampton Council. (2017). Adult social care strengths based assessment guide . Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://wolverhampton.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s85859/Adult%20Social%20Care%20Strength%20Based%20Assessment%20Guide.pdf
• Graybeal, C. (2001). Strengths-based social work assessment: Transforming the dominant paradigm. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services , 82 (3), 233–242.
• Jacob, K. S. (2015). Recovery model of mental illness: A complementary approach to psychiatric care. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine , 37 (2), 117–119.
• JRank. (n.d.). Family strengths: The qualities of strong families . The Marriage and Family Encyclopedia. JRank. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from https://family.jrank.org/pages/594/Family-Strengths-Qualities-Strong-Families.html#ixzz7M6M9kTty
• Lunt, N., & Bainbridge, L. (2019). Local area coordination: Summative evaluation . University of York. Department of Social Policy and Social Work.
• Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2009). Ten things that motivational interviewing is not. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 37 , 129–140.
• Pattoni, L. (2012, May 1). Strengths-based approaches for working with individuals. Insight , 16. Retrieved February 26, 2022, from http://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/strengths-based-approaches-working-individuals
• Pulla, V. (2017). Strengths-based approach in social work: A distinct ethical advantage. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change , 3 (2), 97–114.
• Rural Health Information Hub. (n.d.).  Identify assets/resources available.  Retrieved March 21, 2022, from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/rural-toolkit/1/asset-identification
• Russell, C. (2017, June 2). Asset-based community development: 5 Core principles. Nurture Development . Retrieved February 25, 2022, from https://www.nurturedevelopment.org/blog/asset-based-community-development-5-core-principles/
• Scottish Recovery Network. (n.d.). A new future for mental health . Scottish Recovery Network Strategic Plan 2021–2024. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from https://www.scottishrecovery.net/resources/scottish-recovery-network-strategic-plan/
• Social Care Institute for Excellence. (2015a). Strengths-based approaches for assessment and eligibility under the Care Act 2014 . Retrieved February 26, 2022, from http://www.scie.org.uk/care-act-2014/assessment-and-eligibility/strengths-based-approach/
• Social Care Institute for Excellence. (2015b). Care Act guidance on strengths-based approaches . Retrieved February 28, 2022, from https://www.scie.org.uk/strengths-based-approaches/guidance
• Stanley, T., Baron, S., & Romeo, L. (2018). How social workers could make more ethical and justifiable decisions for service users . Community Care. Retrieved February 27, 2022, from https://www.communitycare.co.uk/2018/12/21/social-workers-make-ethical-justifiable-decisions-service-users/
• The Local Area Coordination Network. (2019). It’s time for local area coordination . Community Catalysts. Retrieved February 24, 2022, from https://lacnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Its-Time-for-Local-Area-Coordination.pdf

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Social Problem Solving

• Reference work entry
• pp 1399–1403
• Cite this reference work entry

• Molly Adrian 3 ,
• Aaron Lyon 4 ,
• Rosalind Oti 5 &
• Jennifer Tininenko 6  

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Interpersonal cognitive problem solving ; Interpersonal problem solving ; Social decision making ; Social information processing

Social problem solving is the process by which individuals identify and enact solutions to social life situations in an effort to alter the problematic nature of the situation, their relation to the situation, or both [ 7 ].

Description

In D’Zurilla and Goldfried’s [ 6 ] seminal article, the authors conceptualized social problem solving as an individuals’ processing and action upon entering interpersonal situations in which no immediately effective response is available. One primary component of social problem solving is the cognitive-behavioral process of generating potential solutions to the social dilemma. The steps in this process were posited to be similar across individuals despite the wide variability of observed behaviors. The revised model [ 7 ] is comprised of two interrelated domains: problem orientation and problem solving style....

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The Importance of ‘Soft Skills’ in Your Social Work Career

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In today’s society, it is important not just to be a competent social worker who can utilize specific skills to help diverse individuals, families and groups. Social workers have to also be good citizens in the workplace, on community teams and other situations where they interact with colleagues who have different personalities, philosophies and ideas.

Assuming these various roles requires application of all skills learned in the social work classroom and in social work internships where we first practice and apply all our skills. Employers want you to be competent in knowledge content, but also an important and productive member of the workplace team. Social work education teaches you how to assess clients and patients and how to provide the best forms of interventions that will help facilitate change in their lives.

But sometimes, we forget that there are others in our workplace we also need to effectively work with as we strive to reach common agency or organizational goals.

So, you have all this classroom knowledge in social work, and you are probably wondering what do employers really want from you when it is time to start your career in social work? Of course your graduate education has provided you with skills in assessment, developing goals, finding resources for clients, utilizing various theoretical models and clinical interventions; but what else do employers look for when you are being considered for a career in social work? And do you have those skills?

The good news is that those other skills are referred to in the employment world as “soft skills.” What you will learn from this article is that many of these soft skills are already built into the expectations for competent social work and you have more than likely acquired some of those skills in your formal social work education. However, because these soft skills, or sometimes they are called transferable skills, are such an inherent part of the skill set that social workers must have, we sometimes take those for granted and don’t always let prospective employers know that we have them.

So what are soft skills? What do they include? And most importantly, why would employers want you to have soft skills in your tool kit?

This article will begin with understanding the importance of soft skills in the job market today and move toward an overview of what we mean by soft skills. The article then presents some specific examples of soft skills and ends with several tips for you to consider as you get ready for a career in social work.

What are Soft Skills?

Soft skills or transferrable skills are those abilities or aptitudes that help us all indirectly perform our career-related tasks, regardless of the profession or job position you are in. They especially help us understand and interact well with those in the workplace. For example, empathy is a soft skill that social workers have already developed to help their clients and patients. But empathy, when applied to the workplace as evidenced in caring for your colleagues and going out of your way for your co-workers, is a soft skill that employers value. In essence, soft skills are the building blocks that allow us to scaffold other skills and help us with the specific job tasks we are expected to complete while becoming members of a work team.

Think of it this way: We learn very specific skills in social work that help us effectively deliver services that others need (listening, use of theory, application of interventions, etc.) and we support those clients and patients; however, we also need other skills to thrive in the workplace, to be recognized as valuable employees and good citizens in our society. Those are our soft skills. But nothing in life is rigidly set, so you will find that you will use soft skills in the workplace as well as in your direct practice as a social worker.

Soft skills valued by prospective employers include but are not limited to:

• critical thinking
• problem solving
• collaboration/teamwork
• verbal and written communication competency
• ethical decision making
• understanding diverse perspectives
• developing empathy for others

In social work, these soft skills are important and inherent, because without these we would not be able to provide services to our clients, collaborate with peers in the workplace to provide the best services for our clients, Without these skills, we would not be happy, experience job satisfaction or be part of productive teams in the workplace where we spend a minimum of eight hours a day.

Let us Unpack a Few of Those Soft Skills

Remember when your parents and teachers throughout your academic career kept pushing some basic skills for life and none of us really could see the value of those skills? Well, employers are looking for team members with those skills. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but several important soft skills are briefly described.

Collaborative work implies that we must work well with others on team projects, but it means more than that. Good collaborative work requires patience, skills in engaging others and building consensus, while contributing a positive, motivated and energetic position as a team member. The operative words in collaborative work are “we” and “team.” There is no room for “I” because that does not recognize the contributions of others or the team.

How will you prepare to work collaboratively with others? Is there anything in your collaborative style that you need to improve upon? Can you begin to identify and list times that you worked in a successful collaboration with others and share those experiences with prospective employers?

Problem-solving skills are used in the process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues. Employers value team members who demonstrate persistence and teamwork on solving a problem or situation or improving a process. To successfully implement problem-solving skills you also need other accompanying skills that may include patience, critical thinking, listening, reflective thinking, valuing different perspectives on problem solving, and appreciating the group thinking process.

Do you have problem-solving skills? What are your problem-solving skills? Can you identify examples of when you successfully used problem-solving skills with others? By now you are probably noticing that while these skills are great as individual, stand-alone skills, soft skills do better when combined with other soft skills and other social work skills learned. That’s the scaffolding or building upon each one that was referenced above.

Everyone is different and comes to the workplace with a unique personality, unique experiences, fears, anxieties and skill sets. That is what makes life interesting. Can you imagine how boring life would be if we were all the same?

Interpersonal skills are those skills that allow you to work well with others, help you manage conflict on the job, solve difficult situations and help you communicate with others. Included in this set of skills are verbal and writing skills, the ability to not take things personally and maintain objectivity, the willingness to accept your own role and responsibility in a situation that isn’t going well, and the opportunity to utilize those social (be cooperative, stay positive, share with others) skills our kindergarten teachers taught us.

What are your best interpersonal skills? Which would you like to improve? Can you identify examples of times that you used interpersonal skills to address a workplace situation? Critical-thinking skills are used to objectively analyze, assess and evaluate an issue or situation to form a judgment. Employers love team members who can use critical thinking to develop solutions instead of having others present solutions to them. Keep in mind when you are in the workplace, if you bring a problem to your supervisor, also bring some potential solutions. Your employer will value that you took the time to analyze a situation and that your critical thinking allowed you to develop some potential solutions.

What is your critical thinking process like? Can you explain to a prospective employer how you combine critical thinking with problem solving to creatively address a challenge? Can you give examples in the workplace or an internship where you utilized critical thinking?

Ethical decision making is how to objectively analyze, assess and evaluate an issue or situation to form a judgment and make a decision that is congruent with the Social Work Code of Ethics. Employers value honest and ethical workers who utilize ethics in their decision making, especially when faced with complex problems or situations. We can and do make decisions every day, but what are those based on and what is the process you follow? How do you engage in ethical decision making? Do you have an example of how you use ethical decision making in your work with others?

The ability to discuss and understand diverse perspectives in the workplace will inevitably introduce you to different and sometime difficult personalities, co-workers from various walks of life, and colleagues with different work styles, goals and agendas. Your challenge is to not avoid co-workers because of their differences, but instead, because you will be part of a team, learn how to better understand the diverse perspectives and experiences your colleagues bring. Look for their strengths; we just need to take the time to value those.

How comfortable are you in discussing with others diverse perspectives on issues, situations, problems, etc.? How will you approach discussing a difference of opinion with your team partner? Can you describe an example when you took the time to better understand a co-worker’s position on something?

So what should you remember as you start thinking about starting your social work career and perhaps start contacting prospective employers? Here are some final tips:

• Before you go on any interview, make a list of the skills you have—include all your skills. Put on the list the social work skills you have learned in the classroom and in your internship and on the list also include your soft skills.
• Identify examples of when you have successfully utilized soft skills and do not be afraid to also share when you used soft skills that did not work as well as you intended. Prospective employers like to see that you have processed situations and you have lessons learned from your experiences—that shows growth.
• Do not be afraid to role play an employment interview with peers, where you practice what you might say about your social work skills and your soft skills. Practicing this either with others or even in front of a mirror will help you become more comfortable when you must do the real interview. And it builds confidence.
• Be authentic. If you do not have a lot of practice with any of these skills do not make it up—go with your strengths.
• And it is never too late to start learning how to use soft skills. Find opportunities where you can use those in your courses or your internships.

Interested in gaining these skills and learning what it takes to be a social work professional? The University of Central Florida’s College of Health Professions and Sciences offers a fully Online Masters of Social Work. This program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and can be completed in as little as two (2) years. Visit the online MSW program page to explore how you can get started.

UCF’s Online Healthcare Degrees

• Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Executive Master of Health Administration, EMHA
• Forensic Science, MS
• Fundraising
• Gender Studies
• Health Informatics and Information Management, BS
• Health Services Administration, BS
• Healthcare Simulation
• Healthcare Systems Engineering Certificate
• Healthcare Systems Engineering, MS
• Integrative General Studies, BGS
• Interdisciplinary Studies – Diversity Studies Leadership Track, BA
• Interdisciplinary Studies, BA/BS
• Master of Public Administration, MPA
• Master of Science in Healthcare Informatics
• Master of Social Work Online
• Nonprofit Management
• Nonprofit Management, MNM
• Nursing Education
• Nursing Practice, DNP, Advanced Track
• Nursing Practice, DNP, Executive Track
• Nursing, BS
• Nursing, BSN to PhD
• Nursing, MSN
• Nursing, PhD
• Project Engineering
• Psychology, BS
• Public Administration
• Research Administration Certificate
• Research Administration, MRA
• Systems Engineering

About the Author

Ana Leon is a Professor of Social Work and currently serves as the Interim Director of the School of Social Work at UCF. She is a nationally recognized expert on child mental health with an emphasis on the intersection between child mental health, trauma and the child welfare of very young children. Her research interests include child health and mental health issues, parenting interventions and children’s program evaluations.

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