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Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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Resume VS Cover Letter in 2024 [Detailed Guide & Examples!]

Navigating the job market in 2024 can be tricky, with every detail in your job application making a huge difference. 

In such a situation, you might find yourself wondering about the roles of resumes and cover letters and how each can help your job hunt. 

While a resume showcases your skills and experiences, a cover letter adds a personal touch, explaining why you're the perfect fit. But blending these two effectively isn't always straightforward.

But worry not! 

This guide will show you how to create a spotless application by telling you all about resumes vs cover letters, including:

• Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Differences 

Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Similarities

• What to Include in Your Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume and Cover Letter Examples

Let’s dive in!  

Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Differences

When you're on the hunt for a new job, understanding the difference between a resume and a cover letter is crucial. 

They might seem like they serve the same purpose at first glance, but they're actually quite different in terms of format, tone, and purpose. 

Let's break down these key differences to help you leverage each one effectively in your job application: 

#1. Format 

The main difference between a resume and a cover letter is how they’re formatted. A resume’s format is structured, almost like a database of your professional life. It's a concise, bullet-pointed list showcasing your work experience, skills, and educational background. 

The idea is to make it easy for the employer to scan through your qualifications quickly. Think of it as a highlight reel of your career, with each point clear and to the point.

On the other hand, a cover letter has a more narrative style. It's your chance to tell a story about your professional journey. Here, you're not just listing your achievements and skills; you're explaining them. 

You can dive into details about key experiences, how you tackled challenges, and why you're a great fit for the role. While your resume is factual and to the point, your cover letter allows your personality and enthusiasm to shine through.

What you include in a cover letter is also different from a resume. In your cover letter , you're linking your skills and experiences directly to what the job requires, using examples and anecdotes. Meanwhile, your resume serves as a straightforward record of your professional path and competencies.

The tone is where you see the difference between a resume and a cover letter. 

A resume is all about being professional and straightforward. You're sticking to the facts: your past job titles , the skills you've mastered, and your educational background. It's like a formal report about you, so there's not much room for personal flair or storytelling.

In contrast, your cover letter is where you can be a bit more relaxed and personal. 

This doesn't mean you should be overly casual, but it's definitely the place to add a bit of your personality. You can write in the first person, share your enthusiasm for the job, and talk about why you're excited about the opportunity. It's like having a conversation with the hiring manager, telling them why you'd be a great fit for the job.

So, while your resume is the straight-to-the-point , no-nonsense part of your application, your cover letter is where you get to be more expressive. 

#3. Purpose

When it comes to the purpose of a resume and a cover letter, it's all about showing different sides of your professional story. 

Your resume is the backbone of your job application; it's essential. It gives a clear, concise rundown of your professional journey. Basically, it's your way of saying, "Here's what I've done and what I'm good at." You can apply for a job with just a resume, but it's just a part of the whole picture.

The cover letter is what fills that picture. It complements your resume by filling in the gaps and adding context to your experiences. This is your space to explain why you're interested in the job and how your background makes you a great fit. It's like adding color to a black-and-white photo. 

By writing a cover letter , you're showing hiring managers that you're not just tossing your resume into every job opening you see. You're taking the time to present a complete, well-thought-out application.

So, while your resume is key, including a cover letter can be a game-changer. It shows you're a dedicated job seeker who understands the value of presenting a full picture. Hiring managers often look for this effort as it demonstrates you’re serious about the role. In a stack of many resumes, a well-crafted cover letter can be the thing that makes you stand out .

If navigating the world of job applications can be tricky, it helps to know that both resumes and cover letters also share some common ground.

While they have their differences, they also have key similarities like length, the need to be tailored to the job, and using matching templates. 

Understanding these similarities can help you create a cohesive and compelling job application package:

#1. Length 

First up, let's talk about length. Both your resume and cover letter should be pretty brief . 

The recommended resume length is usually one page long . You can have a two-page resume , but that's only if you have tons of experience and are applying for an executive position. 

As a rule of thumb, though, your resume should be all about being concise and to the point. You want to make sure every word counts, especially since hiring managers don't spend a lot of time on each resume.

Your cover letter should also be short and sweet. Aim for about three to four paragraphs , and don’t go over one page. You're not writing your autobiography here; you're giving a snapshot of why you're the right fit for the job. It's your chance to highlight the most important parts of your resume and add a bit of personality, but remember, brevity is key.

So, whether it's your resume or cover letter, keep it tight. You want to give just enough to spark interest and make them say, "Let's call this person for an interview."

#2. Tailoring it to the Job

Now, let's talk about tailoring these documents to the job. 

This is super important for both your resume and cover letter. You can't just send the same version to every job opening; it needs to feel like it was made just for that specific role. For your resume, this means highlighting the experience and skills that are most relevant to the job you're applying for. You've got to show them that what you've done lines up with what they need.

Your cover letter needs this custom touch, too. It's your chance to draw a clear line between your skills and experiences and the job's requirements. Here, you're telling them, "Hey, see these things on my resume? This is how they make me a great fit for your job." It's about making the connection between you and the role crystal clear.

So, whether it's tweaking your resume to highlight certain experiences or writing a cover letter that speaks directly to the job ad, tailoring each document is key. It shows that you're not just looking for any job; you're interested in this job.

Looking for a new job? Be sure to read the ultimate guide to the job hunt for help along the way!

#3. Matching Templates 

Lastly, there's the visual aspect – using matching templates for your resume and cover letter. When these two pieces of your application match, it gives everything a cohesive and professional look. 

Think of it like wearing a matching outfit to an interview; it just looks more put together. Using the same design, colors, and font style in both documents creates a strong, unified brand for you as a professional. It's a subtle touch, but it can make your application stand out.

Having a matching set also shows attention to detail. It tells the hiring manager that you've put thought and effort into your application. It's not just about the content; it's also about presenting it in a way that's pleasing to the eye and easy to read.

If you're not a design whiz, don't worry. There are tools out there that can help.

For example, Novorésumé offers matching templates for resumes and cover letters. This makes it super easy to create a professional and stylish-looking application package. 

With a few clicks, you can have a resume and cover letter that look like they were made to go together, because, well, they were!

What to Include in Your Resume

Your resume is your professional story on a page. It's crucial to include the right information to showcase your skills and experiences effectively. Here's a breakdown of what to include:

• Contact Information : Start with the basics - your name, phone number, email, and LinkedIn profile. Make sure your email sounds professional and not like something you came up with in high school (e.g.: [email protected]). 
• Resume Summary or Objective : This is a brief statement at the top of your resume. It should highlight your career achievements and aspirations. Tailor it to reflect how you're a great fit for the specific job you're applying for.
• Professional Experience: List your past jobs in reverse chronological order. Include your title, the company name, dates of employment, and a brief description of your responsibilities and achievements in each role.
• Skills (Hard and Soft): Highlight both your technical skills (like programming languages or marketing tools) and soft skills (like communication or problem-solving ). Tailor these to match the job description.
• Education : Include your most recent and relevant educational experiences. List the degree, the institution, and the year of graduation. You can also mention academic honors or extracurricular activities if they're relevant (I.e.: if you’re a recent graduate or entry-level professional).
• Optional Sections : If you have leftover space on your resume, you can include optional sections such as any languages you speak, any volunteer work you’ve done, your certifications or personal projects, as well as your hobbies and interests .

Are you wondering if you should write a CV or resume ? Read our article to find out what the differences are!

What to Include in Your Cover Letter

A cover letter is your chance to make a personal connection with the employer. It complements your resume by bringing your experiences to life. Here’s what you should include:

• Contact Information: Just like your resume, start with your name, phone number, and email. No need for your address, but including your LinkedIn profile could be a nice touch.
• Addressing the Hiring Manager: It's important to address your cover letter to the right person. If you can, find out the name of the hiring manager and address them directly (like "Dear Ms. Smith"). This personal touch shows you've put in the extra effort and makes your letter feel more tailored and respectful.
• Introduction: Grab their attention. Start with a concise introduction about who you are and why you're interested in the role. A compelling opener can make a big difference.
• Why You’re Interested in the Role: Explain what drew you to the job. Be specific about why the company or the role excites you. This shows you've done your homework.
• Your Relevant Experience and Skills: Here's where you match your skills to the job description. Use specific examples from your past to show how you've used these skills effectively to show the hiring manager why they should hire you.
• Conclusion and Call to Action : Wrap it up by reiterating your interest and thank the reader for their time. A proactive closing, like mentioning your eagerness to discuss your application in an interview, leaves a strong final impression.

13 Resume Examples

Are you wondering what a great resume looks like? Here are 13 resumes for different professions to inspire you:

#1. Business Analyst Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business analyst resume here.

#2. Digital Marketing Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a digital marketing resume here.

#3. Software Engineer Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a software engineer resume here.

#4. Construction Project Manager Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a construction project manager resume here.

#5. Customer Service Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a customer service resume here.

#6. High School Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a high school resume here.

#7. Student Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a student resume here.

#8. Server Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a server resume here.

#9. Actor Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing an actor resume here.

#10. Web Developer Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a web developer resume here.

#11. Engineering Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineering resume here.

#12. Computer Science Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a computer science resume here.

#13. Architect Resume Example 

Check out our full guide to writing an architect resume here.

13 Cover Letter Examples

And here are some cover letter examples to take your application from great to perfect:

#1. Customer Service Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a customer service cover letter here.

#2. Marketing Executive Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a marketing executive cover letter here.

#3. Medical Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a medical assistant cover letter here.

#4. Consultant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#5. College Student Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#6. Retail Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a retail cover letter here.

#7. Team Leader Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#8. Actor Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an actor cover letter here.

#9. Digital Marketing Cover Letter

#10. Executive Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an executive assistant cover letter here.

#11. Finance Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a finance cover letter here.

#12. Graphic Designer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a graphic designer cover letter here.

#13. IT Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

Key Takeaways 

And that’s a wrap on everything you need to know about cover letters and resumes. 

Before you go and perfect your application based on what you just read, here’s a rundown of the main points we covered in this article:

• Resumes and cover letters differ in the way you format them, the tone you use when writing them, and the purpose they serve. 
• On the other hand, they also have similarities. For example, they’re typically the same length and need to be tailored to the job you’re applying for. 
• On your resume, make sure to include your contact information, resume summary, work experience, education, skills, and other optional sections. 
• Meanwhile, in your cover letter, you should first include a header with both your and the hiring manager’s contact information. Then you should address the hiring manager, write a captivating introduction, talk about your achievements and skills, and wrap up with a call to action and a professional signature line. 

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Cover Letter Vs. Resume: Which Should You Use?

In This Guide:

Cover letter vs resume: what's the difference?

Three major differences between a cover letter and a resume

Resumes and cover letters go hand in hand, 3 expert tips on writing a cover letter vs. a resume, example resume and cover letter.

Applying for a job can be scary; trust us – we know.

But that doesn’t mean it needs to be confusing, too.

However, there’s this one uneasy thought that puzzles job-seekers, especially first-timers.

“Resumes? Cover letters? Aren’t they the same thing? How am I supposed to know what goes where?”

We get that a lot.

So, to help you cut down on confusion and get your job application right, we’re going to talk about cover letters vs resumes and settle on the difference once and for all.

In this guide, you’ll find out:

• What the difference between a resume and a cover letter is;
• What should be included in each document;
• How to make sure your cover letter makes it to the top of the pile.

Let’s dive right in!

Cover letter vs resume: what's the difference?

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So, how are a resume and a cover letter different?

While the purpose of both is to prove to the hiring manager that you have what it takes to get the job, they do so in two very different ways.

Basically, you can consider your resume to be a summary of your work and education experience, while your cover letter focuses on how this experience relates to this specific job.

Have you heard that saying in the beauty community that says your eyebrows should be sisters, not twins?

You can apply that same logic to your cover letter and resume.

These two documents should complement each other, not copy each other exactly.

One big difference we can name right off the bat is that pretty much every employer requires a resume for a job application, but not a cover letter.

However, including one always boosts your chances of success (unless the posting specifies that you shouldn’t send one, of course).

Now then, to really understand what the difference between a cover letter and a resume is, we will take a quick look at what each of them is at its core.

What is a resume? What does a resume include?

In short, a resume summarizes your work experience and educational background.

It’s a detailed account of the jobs you’ve had, the schools you’ve attended and the degrees you got, any awards and certifications you might have, your skills, etc.

Most commonly, a resume is formatted as a list with bullet points. This makes the document easily scannable and eliminates fluff, which is perfect for a busy hiring manager.

Usually, you should write your resume in the third-person and be as clear and concise as possible, using few words and not going into too much unnecessary detail.

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So, here’s a list of what your resume should include:

• Contact information
• Summary, or objective
• Work experience
• Dates of employment
• Additional information, such as certificates, spoken languages, etc.

But what about cover letters?

What is a cover letter? What does a cover letter include?

A cover letter adds relevant context to your resume.

It highlights what your qualifications are and how they relate to the particular job you’re applying for.

Basically, what a cover letter does is give the employer all the reasons why you are the best candidate for the position.

It shows off your skills and gives examples from your experiences to back them up.

You write a cover letter in a letter format, unsurprisingly. It consists of a greeting, three or four body paragraphs, and a closing. And, as opposed to the resume, you should use the first-person.

When writing your cover letter, keep in mind that employers are likely to refer to your resume to make the connection between the person and the job applicant.

So, seeing how they’re probably going to be reading them at the same time, don’t make your cover letter a carbon copy of your resume.

Rather, it should expand on the points you’ve made in your resume, giving real-life examples that showcase your skills and letting the employer know just how perfect you are for the job.

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But what should you include in your cover letter ?

• Professional heading
• Address section
• Formal salutation
• Show-stopping introduction
• Your reasons for applying for this particular company and position
• Your skills as they relate to the job
• Closing words on your excitement to join the company
• A call to action

Oh, and don’t forget to read the job offer carefully and include some keywords in your letter!

So, now you know what a cover letter and a resume are, and what they should include.

Let’s move on and cover the main differences between the two.

Knowing what each of these documents does is not always enough.

You need to understand how they differ.

So, in this section, we’ll go over three of the most important distinctions between a cover letter and a resume.

Resumes and cover letters differ in importance

We’ll make a wild guess here and say that you probably haven’t come across a position in your job search that didn’t require a resume.

Now, how many postings have you read that didn’t need a cover letter?

Enough to notice, we’re sure.

That’s because resumes and cover letters aren’t equally important.

The internet is rife with information about which one is more important with various arguments supporting both sides.

However, we think that, unless the job posting specifies that a cover letter is not to be submitted, you should absolutely include one in your application.

You can’t skip out on the resume, though.

Cover letters and resumes use different structures

As you may have already noticed, one of the main differences in the “cover letter vs resume” battle is the structure.

A resume is usually one or two pages long and contains specific sections, bullet points, and other graphs used to represent a candidate’s professional skills.

A cover letter, on the other hand, has 3-4 structured paragraphs, an introduction, and a closing paragraph, and is usually no more than 300-500 words.

The goal of a cover letter vs a resume is different

Another crucial difference between the two documents is their purpose.

A resume’s goal is to provide the hiring manager with lots of varying information, but in a brief format – just a page or two.

They’ll use your resume to quickly decide if you’re qualified for a particular job (at least on paper – the proof comes with your cover letter).

The purpose of a cover letter is to let you tell a story about yourself as a person, not just an employee.

It helps you expand on the points you made in your resume and give some much-needed context to the employer.

So, there you have it – these documents are different in many ways, however…

We already mentioned this above, but cover letters and resumes complement each other well, so they should be used accordingly.

While a resume is quickly scannable, a hiring manager might struggle to make sense of all the data you’re throwing at them, especially if your resume is on the longer side.

That’s why a cover letter is a good addition to a resume, as it helps translate that information into paragraphs, making it easier to read and take in.

But that’s not all – a cover letter and a resume, as different as they are, should stick to the same design .

There’s not a single recruiter out there that wants to spend their valuable time trying to match a resume to a cover letter like it’s a puzzle.

Cover letters are also a great way to make sure your resume doesn’t end up in the trash.

Lots of employers read the cover letter first to help them decide if the resume is worth reading at all.

So, boost your chances and type up that cover letter.

Are you struggling to separate your cover letter from your resume, wondering how to make them complementing, yet different, or you just want some tips on how to write a stellar cover letter?

Well, then read on!

We’ve got three pieces of advice for you, coming straight from the professionals.

Don't make your cover letter repetitive

We already said this before, but we’ll say it again – do not make your cover letter an exact copy of your resume!

Nobody wants to read the same thing twice.

You wouldn’t, so why should your employer?

Don’t be afraid to let loose a little bit and use a more conversational tone than you would on your resume.

Your cover letter should show the hiring manager your qualifications, but also your personality and your passion.

Don’t go into too much job or education detail. Mention them briefly and talk about how they shaped you into the perfect candidate and what you learned from the experience.

Keep it short and sweet

You wouldn’t want the recruiter to fall asleep halfway through your cover letter, would you?

So, keep it short, clear, and straight to the point. Leave all the unnecessary details out, talk about relevant experiences only, and most importantly, make it captivating.

As for the specific length, aim for three or four paragraphs and try not to fill more than 3/4 of a page.

Use a subjective tone

A cover letter allows you to talk about things you wouldn’t mention on a resume.

No resume contains a section about how you found the position, how passionate you are about it, or how each skill you’ve mentioned relates to the job.

Yet, these are all important aspects to a hiring manager.

So, you can afford to use more subjective information when writing a cover letter.

Let them know why you are certain you’d make a good fit. After all, you’re the one that knows what you can bring to the table, right?

And there you go – you’re now ready to craft that perfect resume and throw on a stellar cover letter for good measure.

If you’d like a little extra help, take a look at these great resume and cover letter examples .

Hopefully, they’ll help you get on the right track!

BUILD A MATCHING COVER LETTER

And, if you’re looking for an even easier way out, take our resume builder for a spin and save yourself the headache.

Yes, a resume and a cover letter are two separate worlds. But they really are two sides of the same coin.

To summarize, here are the most important differences in the battle of cover letter vs resume:

• A resume is always required for a job application, while a cover letter can be optional.
• Resumes are formatted as a one or two-page document with bullets and sections, while a cover letter uses a letter format and has the standard introduction, 3-4 body paragraphs, and a closing.
• Cover letters are often what helps resumes get read.
• A resume and a cover letter should complement each other, while still being different.
• A resume is written in the third-person and is more objective; a cover letter uses a subjective tone and is written in the first-person.
• Resumes outline your work and educational background, achievements, certificates, and skills. Cover letters focus on how those skills and experiences relate to the job at hand.

Was this information helpful to you? Do you feel ready to tackle your resume and cover letter? Share your thoughts with us in the comments!

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What Is the Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter?

• Resume vs. Cover Letter

What a Resume Includes

What a cover letter includes.

• Use a Cover Letter to be Subjective

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What's the difference between a resume and a cover letter? Both a cover letter and a resume share the common purpose of proving that you have the right skills to excel at the job for which you are applying.

However, there are clear distinctions between the structure and intent of the two documents. Job seekers should view their cover letter and resume as a complementary but unique pair of documents. That is, your cover letter should be more than just bullet points regurgitated from the resume. 

Many employers require that a resume is submitted with a job application. 

A cover letter may not be required. But, including one when you apply for a job can help your chances of getting selected for an interview.

The Difference Between a Resume and a Cover Letter

You can think of your resume as a general summary of your work experience and your cover letter as a summary of your work experience as it relates to the job at hand. 

A resume is a document that itemizes your employment history. It summarizes the jobs you have held, the education you have attained, certifications, skills, and other quantifiable information about your background and work experience. 

The most common  resume format  is a list with your contact information, and experience section that includes job titles, position descriptions, dates of employment, an education section, and other relevant information.

Typically, a resume is written in the third person and uses as few words as possible to summarize the experience. So, instead of writing "I supervised the large buying team at XYZ company" a resume would have a bullet point that says, "Supervised 19-person buying team."

Whenever possible, you'll want to use numbers on your resume, such as the number of people you supervised, percent sales increased, the number of customers helped, etc.

A cover letter is written to highlight the qualifications you have for the job for which you are applying. It is used to provide the employer with additional information as to why you are a good candidate for the job. The main function of your cover letter is to show off how your qualification makes you a match for the job. 

A cover letter is written in a letter format including a salutation, several paragraphs, and a closing. Unlike a resume, you should use the first-person to write your cover letter . (That said, avoid using "I" too much.)

Your resume should provide employers with a detailed list of your work experience and education. The skills and accomplishments associated with each job you have held should be described in enough detail to show employers how you have added value in those specific roles.

Often, resumes provide information in bulleted lists; this helps make the document concise and allows recruiters to scan through it quickly. 

A cover letter is a short three or four paragraph document. It should be written with the assumption that employers will consult your resume to match it to the statement you are making in the letter about your qualifications.

A cover letter will help employers to interpret your background as represented on the resume and will help prove how your previous experiences qualify you for a job.

When you are writing a cover letter for a job, first review the job requirements that are detailed in the job posting. Use your cover letter to explain how you meet those criteria.

Use a Cover Letter to Convey Subjective Information

A resume states the facts – who, what, when, and how. In contrast, a cover letter provides an opportunity to explain why you are qualified for the job. This document adds a bit of color and personality and is intended to persuade employers that you're a good fit for the position at hand. 

A cover letter is a better vehicle than a resume to convey more subjective information like the basis of your interest in a position, how your values motivate you to pursue a job, or why the culture of a company appeals to you.

Your cover letters will help you sell your qualifications to prospective employers while your resume provides the details to back up the information included in your letters.

Are Cover Letter and Application Letter the Same?

While cover and application letters are usually used in the same contexts, every job seeker has to know the significant differences between these two documents.

Nowadays, application and cover letters are sent via email, so, it’s also important to familiarize oneself with the writing trends and standards of online documents.

So, What’s the Difference?

The main difference between applications and cover letters are:

• Application documents are considered to contain in-depth information about candidate skills and qualities while cover letters are merely used for submitting the documents.
• Cover letters carry out simpler functions and only define your professional capacity as a sender, a recipient, and the purpose of the letter. Application letters perform three main functions: to draw the attention of the potential recruiter, to reflect you as the perfect fit for the position, and to secure the interview.
• Application letters highlight qualifications, skills, strengths, and previous jobs to which this information should relate to the job applied. Done properly, it will showcase you as a good fit for the position. A cover letter can omit specific details, though it must include contact information and motivate why you’re applying for the position and why you’re good for it.
• Cover letters are shorter as they don’t include detailed information. Applicant documents shouldn’t exceed one page. In terms of improving career opportunities, wherever possible your letter should consist of three paragraphs in which you introduce yourself and your objective in the first paragraph. You should present your strengths in the second paragraph and propose an interview in the third paragraph.
• Cover letters aren’t considered the decisive element of an application package. Application letters usually accompany resumes in most cases, as they can offer more about your professional candidacy. Or you can always check some of the best companies that will help you with writing your cover letter on Linkedin .

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Application letter vs. cover letter: pros and cons, tips for job application scenarios

1) Application letter when there is no job opening

2) job application letter for academic programs, 3) longer application letter for internships, introduction, convey resume facts in letter form. , highlight your achievements alongside personality and context., signpost each part of the letter. , make sentences shorter and minimize descriptive language. , ensure the application letter is heavy on factual detail..

Application letter? Isn't that a cover letter, but twice the length? What is that you say? Some people use it to replace a resume and a cover letter? Why on earth would you want to do that? What is a letter of application vs cover letter?

Job search jargon can be difficult, especially when different words mean different things in various parts of the world. So let's take a look at the general differences and similarities between an application vs cover letter. They do have varying uses - so think about the right choice for you.

In this article we will explore:

What is an application letter?

• Three situations when you might choose to write an application letter
• What is the difference between an application letter and a cover letter?
• What is the purpose of a letter of application?
• An application letter example
• The format and structure of a job application letter
• How do I write an application letter?

An “application letter” is used in limited circumstances in a job search as a replacement for a resume and cover letter. 

These two pages have to encompass the highs and lows of your career as well as describe why you would be a great hire for a potential employer. Tough ask.

Many in human resources view this as recruitment heresy; but hear us out. The specific job application format, despite its unwieldy nature, has a reason to exist. The job application letter is vanishingly rare, but certain people do decide to use it. The argument of letter of application vs cover letter is clear cut. Combining a resume and cover letter into one longer application letter is no easy task.

Recruiter’s Note

It should be noted that the term “application letter” is often used to describe the traditional cover letter . In other words, sometimes the two terms mean exactly the same thing. Similarly, the words “CV” and “resume” sometimes (but not always) refer to the same thing, the only difference being that the term “CV” is much more popular outside North America. A cover letter may be referred to as an application letter simply because that's what it's called in that part of the world. This article deals with application letters as separate documents with their own specific set of goals.

A resume is a strictly formatted, factually based document, while a cover letter adds a personal touch to the application process. But with a single job application letter that does both jobs, where do you start to impress a recruiter?

Is there one occasion in a hundred when a job seeker might choose this option? Might it make a difference to you one day? 

By the way, there is an entertaining 7.5-minute video on cover letters vs. application letters at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7i8I5wFYuk . It offers the same advice we do, although with a delightful African accent. It settles the application letter vs cover letter debate, once and for all.

When to use an application letter

Before we explore all the reasons why a resume + cover letter combo is usually better for job seekers than a single application letter, an examination of online recruitment wisdom does highlight a few occasions when a job application letter might prove a valid choice. So what are the three types of application letter?

We must stress that in 99% of cases, this advice and the following application letter sample is definitely not the norm, but if you have tried everything else in your job search toolbox, it might just be worth a try.

When the job market is tight, potential hiring managers and recruiters will have even less time to consider job applications, especially if there is no job posting. 

If job applicants have a genuinely compelling story to tell, some candidates might decide to send over their sales pitch in application letter form (as an attachment in an email or in a forum like LinkedIn), because they know that someone won’t spend the time digging through their formal resume for the relevant details. Our application letter sample at the end of this chapter offers a flavor of how it might be worded. 

Sending a formal resume might be presumptuous if there is no role available, but a short cover letter does not offer enough space to sell your career story. Enter the longer, chunkier application letter (that is pretending to be a cover letter and not a resume).

Another type of letter sent when no open position is advertised is called a letter of interest, letter of intent or statement of interest. A letter of interest is very similar to a cover letter, but it’s written when no open position is advertised. The usual advice for a letter of interest is to hold it to one page and include a resume. This is different from the so-called application letter, which is generally supposed to be two pages and is sent without a resume.  

For example, if you teach English as a second language (ESL) and you live in Spain, you may become aware of a school that teaches ESL. Even though it’s not advertising any jobs for new teachers, you want the school to know that you would be interested in working there and you have the skills to do so. In such a case, you might send a letter of interest and a resume. For more info, see our blog on “ Letter of Interest vs. Cover Letter .”

Job application letters will never match the factual accuracy and coverage of a resume, but a small number of candidates do decide to use them as a tactic to get their foot through the door.

One consideration with a job application letter is that it will be read in its entirety. The format of a resume makes it easier to dip in and out, so writing a longer letter may be a way of getting every argument across?

When there is a requirement to describe depth of academic experience, a longer-form letter is sometimes employed in academic circles instead of a resume. Here, the letter of application vs cover letter argument is won in favor of academic rigor. Outlining the importance of your academic work is difficult in a short cover letter.

Again, this is a rare occurrence, but for an academic who is looking to connect with a like-minded faculty manager (outside of the confines of HR oversight), an application letter gives them the opportunity express why they would be a fit for that new job. Many academics are used to reading long pieces of content, so a two-page application letter will not seem overly onerous.

Many in academia would expect an academic resume with a wealth of information about past research papers and qualifications, but for areas of expertise which require more depth of explanation, an application letter may be a useful format.

There is genuine merit for an intern to view the following example of application letter with a little more interest. 

Interns will not have the experience to flesh out a two-page resume, but a one-page resume may not be enough space to describe the passion that they have for their desired role. As social media has brought interns ever closer to potential future bosses, a less formal job application letter might be able to do the job of both a cover letter and a resume. 

The free-flowing nature of a letter allows them to explore their potential from a professional and personal perspective. 400 words is not enough on a cover letter when you desperately want to take that first rung on the career ladder.

If the application progresses onto a more formal footing, interns will still need a resume for an internal recruiter, but a longer initial letter could make a difference. Not every application is standard, so if you feel that you are able to divert from the norm and risk sending a longer application letter, take the plunge.

Application letter sample

Meet Lana. She is writing a speculative application letter to get a job at a new retail outlet that is opening up. She doesn't know when they might be hiring, so this one-shot application letter sample is her best shot of getting on their radar early on. They are unlikely to read both a cover letter and her resume at such a stage. 

We had to dig deep into various professional cases to come up with the best example, but with our desire to provide the most comprehensive set of resources for job seekers, we felt that sharing an example of a job application letter was worth doing. This really does include the best of both worlds.

The following job application letter sample is a good attempt at what such a letter might look like, but it will quickly become obvious that the format is far from ideal. You have to have a really good story to keep a hiring manager reading beyond the second paragraph. Make sure that you hit them with what matters to them early on.

If you start to understand that this format is not for you - you might be far happier and better off checking out our cover letter templates , writing guide and profession-specific letter examples .

Having said all that, here is an example of an application letter:

Job application letter format and structure

The format of an application letter is difficult to define. While we have created advice guides for all sorts of cover letters, the bloated nature of the application letter format means that almost anything goes. Just make sure that you use bullets and the odd list to break up the text - white space matters in an application letter, too.

We would like to compare and contrast the structure of the two formats.

After starting the header of the letter with your contact information, the greeting section needs to be addressed to the correct person and begin the letter with a personal connection. Everyone likes being called by their name. 

Additionally, make sure that you use the correct form of address. “Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Surname” is the safest option to get the letter off to a solid start. ”To Whom It May Concern” is never acceptable, though if you can't find out the name of the hiring manager, you can opt for a more generic greeting like “Dear XYZ Hiring Team.” This advice applies to both cover letters and application letter.

Take your career growth to a new level with these 10 expert tips to writing and formatting the best cover letter.

The introduction of a cover letter should be a short opening paragraph to grab the attention and focus on one standout aspect of the candidate’s experience. It is the one sentence that you want to remain in the hiring manager’s mind for the rest of the recruitment process.

The introduction for the application letter format has to work a bit harder. Because there is no factual resume to fall back on, the application letter introduction should be more practically oriented, leaving the reader in no doubt as to the suitability of the candidate.

Where a hiring manager has the option to find a candidate's value in the depths of a resume, candidates have to be mind-readers to work out exactly what to highlight in their application letter intro. It is a really tough ask and very easy to miss the mark.

The body of the perfect cover letter should contain a couple of brief insights into the personal qualities and professional achievements of a candidate, outlining why they are a fit for the role and backing that up with quantifiable numbers. It is eminently possible to create a lasting impression in the space of two or three paragraphs. In communication skills terms, brevity is the soul of wit.

Conversely, it is difficult to know where to start in suggesting how to structure the body of an application letter.

First, the job application format should ideally retain an aspect of the chronological nature of a resume. You don’t want the reader jumping back and forth through your career timeline as they read it and you should include dates of employment where possible. 

Elements of personality and culture fit can also be sprinkled throughout the writing. Try to lead with your most relevant characteristics, with the most recent examples at the beginning of the letter.

After a couple of sections about work experience, the job application letter offers an opportunity to expand at greater length on how you understand the role and why you think you would be a fit. 

Anticipate the interview questions and show that you are the right person for the job. This is something that is not always possible in either a resume or a cover letter, so it is ideally suited to a persuasive piece of writing that may well be speculative in nature. Go into significant detail around how exactly you see yourself fitting in.

For a cover letter , the conclusion is a one-paragraph call to action, intended to persuade the employer to invite you to an interview. It's the cherry on top of your job application. 

The length of the application letter format means that such a pithy closing paragraph might seem a little apologetic. In this case, it is worth reminding the potential employer of the key aspects of your candidacy. They may be a bit lost in such a long letter, and repetition can be an effective device (if you are repeating the right things, that is).

Is an application letter the same as a cover letter? 

The industry standard of a personality-led cover letter is intended to complement the factual formality of a resume. As such, the cover letter is often used as a compelling conversation-starter that might entice a hiring manager to read the resume in a little more depth. 

Cover letters hint at the threads of a candidate’s career that are worth exploring further during an interview process . 

Application letters, on the other hand, need to communicate both factual experience and a sense of personality. In terms of comparing and contrasting a cover letter and an application letter format, the basic approaches are similar, but the application letter format is more cumbersome.

Tips for writing a great application letter for a job vacancy 

If you are determined to write an application letter, or if someone has asked you to put down your thoughts on your suitability for the role in an email (for example), here are five suggestions for making the most of an imperfect format. Here is how the letter of application vs cover letter thought process plays out. 

Weaving the facts of your resume into the broader narrative of an application letter for employment is crucial to getting your work experience across. 

Factual details are far easier to pick out on a resume, so they risk getting a little lost in the depths of an application letter. But if you put the more important facts toward the beginning of paragraphs, hiring managers will be more likely to notice. Numbers and percentages are automatically more visible, so quantify and add context.

As an application letter is a mix of fact and personality, you can mix up your factual achievements with descriptive adjectives and more context than a resume typically contains. 

Much is discussed about storytelling in the recruitment process and if you can manage to merge these factors, your story has a chance of being finished. However, two pages of solid text is a lot of story to take in.

A resume has distinct sections for each part of your experience, and a cover letter usually has a set format to add the extra details. It is therefore essential for job applicants to signpost the content of every paragraph in the first sentence of an application letter.

Some people might decide to use mini-titles, but this often comes across as being too simplistic and may break up the flow of the story. Try to make the first sentence of each paragraph short and direct.

Two pages might seem a lot for an application letter, but when you consider that it has to be written in full sentences and with acceptable English, suddenly the simplicity and brevity of skills lists on a resume (for example) seem very appealing. 

Keep your sentences as short and impactful as possible. Otherwise you might find yourself not having enough space for some of your achievements and experiences. Having said this, don't include too many lists with lots of commas - the application letter needs to be legible.

While the purpose of a cover letter is to weave a more emotionally appealing story because the resume has covered the factual bases, the limitations of the job application letter format mean that it should contain as much factual detail as possible. 

Devices such as bullet-pointed lists are a great way of getting fact-heavy accomplishments across. Put simply, make sure that you don't waffle. The tone should be conversational - it should be a conversation packed with achievement.

The differences between an application letter and a cover letter

To summarize, while the application letter is a mash-up of a resume and a cover letter, it is a little more than that. Essentially candidates use it as an extended conversation starter in certain specific situations.

The application letter allows them to set out their arguments exactly the way that they would like a hiring manager to hear them. With a letter, there is no ambiguity. It is written how it is meant to be received. It is important that the candidate understands which arguments will be effective as this is their "one shot." 

While a hiring manager can dip in and out of a resume where they see fit, an application letter leaves them no choice. If it doesn't hit the mark, chances will reduce significantly.

But what if I decide to write a cover letter after all?

We recently shared 9,000+ words of career advice in our blog on cover letter writing and many of the suggestions in that piece will also be relevant to writing an application letter, should you choose to do so. 

Do your research on the employer, choose the right tone for the letter and immerse yourself into the culture to imagine what sort of employee they are looking for. 

The best cover letters are a wonderful medium to complement a resume, yet their impact is often overlooked. A perfectly targeted cover letter can genuinely make the difference between a first interview for that dream job and another rejection. We have a wide range of guides and cover letter samples for multiple professions that bring the reality of the letter to life. 

If you compare the cover letter examples with the application letter example, you will see why most employers would prefer the cover letter plus a resume to create the ideal first impression. In the letter of application vs cover letter argument, there is usually only one winner.

At the end of the day, you should choose what fits you best. If the situation warrants a more free-form and non-traditional document like the application letter, go for it! 

But if you decide to stick with the tried-and-true combo accepted by recruiters worldwide, make sure to check out our online resume tools for resumes and cover letters (complete with pre-generated phrases, a grammar checker and more).  

Save your time, avoid stress and uncertainty. There’s no reason not to empower your job search with convenient solutions!

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Difference between a resume and an application letter.

Your job application package consists of a cover letter and a resume. Each document serves a specific purpose and has a particular format. Whenever you apply for a position, send both documents unless the employer has asked for a resume only. Use the appropriate delivery method -- email, fax or postal mail -- and remember to sign the cover letter. Make sure that both documents use the same header, font and paper.

Purpose of a Cover Letter

A cover letter adds a personal touch to the job application. When a prospective employer reads your cover letter, he knows immediately whether to read your resume. Write a letter that demonstrates your enthusiasm for the position, company and industry. Let the employer know how you learned about the position and why you would be a good fit for the company. Include highlights of your education, experience and background that are relevant to the position. State exactly what documents you are attaching or enclosing: resume, transcript, references or testimonials. Provide additional information not contained in the resume, such as your availability dates for an interview and your follow-up procedure.

Purpose of a Resume

A resume provides a brief summary of your education, skills, work experience and accomplishments. A well-written resume speaks loudly and clearly about your value as a potential employee. The performance profile and competency statements contain action words and the appropriate keywords -- words and phrases that represent knowledge, skills and abilities required for the industry. When a prospective employer reads your resume, she can answer the following questions: "How will this employee benefit our organization?" "What strengths does he bring to our workplace?"

Format of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a business letter. The inside address contains the name, title, organization and address of the prospective employer. Ensure that you have the correct spelling and title of the employer and use it in the salutation.

Most cover letters contain three paragraphs. Use the first paragraph to introduce yourself and ask to be considered for the job. Focus on your skills and achievements in the second paragraph. Ask for an interview in the third paragraph. Use an appropriate complimentary closing: Yours respectfully, Yours sincerely, Cordially yours or Yours truly. Include your handwritten and typewritten signature.

Format of a Resume

You can use the reverse chronological or functional format for your resume. The reverse chronological resume lists all employment and education, beginning with the most recent and working backward. More informal in tone, the functional format highlights three to five skill areas and downplays employment history. Start with a performance profile that contains three to five of your greatest skills and achievements. Alternatively, you can use a job objective or focus statement. The Work Experience section includes information about current and past employment. In the Education section, list all diplomas, degrees, certificates and training relevant to the position. Create additional sections to highlight proficiency in languages, computer expertise and volunteer involvement.

Related Articles

How to write personal information on a resume →, how to write a resume when you have been in education and want to get into the business world →.

How to Write a Cover Letter to a Previous Employer →

How to Apply for a Job Through Email →

How to Do a Resume for a Non-Skilled Worker →

How Do I Write a Resume Envelope? →

• "Gallery of Best Letters"; David F. Noble; 2007
• "Resume Magic"; Susan Britton Whitcomb; 2010

In 2008, Joanne Guidoccio opened a wordsmith business. She has been published in the "Guelph Daily Mercury," "Waterloo Record" and "Winnipeg Free Press". A retired school teacher, Guidoccio has a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and psychology from Laurentian University, a Bachelor of education from the University of Western Ontario and a Career Development Practitioner Diploma from Conestoga College.

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Cover Letter vs. Application Letter [Differences, Pros & Cons, and Writing Tips]

However, the major difference between a cover letter and an application letter lies in the content. A cover letter, which is usually submitted along with a resume, focuses on expressing your interest in the position. An application letter meanwhile can replace a resume and a cover letter and briefly describes your education and work history.

Job search jargon can be confusing sometimes, especially when there are terms that sound alike but mean differently. Yes, we're talking about a cover letter vs. an application letter. They serve the same purpose – introducing yourself, demonstrating your qualifications for the job opening, and convincing the employer to call you for an interview. 

Read on to learn more about:

When to Use an Application Letter vs. Cover Letter

Cover letter vs. application letter - content.

• Cover Letter vs Application Letter - Pros & Cons

Tips for Writing a Strong Application Letter

Since an application letter and cover letter are two different documents, they should also differ in terms of usage. As we all already know and understand, a cover letter is used to accompany a resume when applying for a job vacancy.

Then, what about application letters?

Below we will discuss the 5 different situations that tell whether you should use an application letter or a cover letter.

💡 When there is no job posting

If the job isn't being advertised, you can consider sending out an application letter or a letter of interest. These two documents work well when you want to express your confidence and desire to work at that company in the future.

That being said, a letter of interest is another different document, just like how an application letter is different from a cover letter. Application letters highlight your skills, strengths, and previous work experiences in detail, along with your interest in the specific position you are writing about.

💡 When you’re applying for academic programs or scholarships

In such situations, a longer-form letter like an application letter or an academic CV is more preferred compared to a resume and cover letter. The reason is that school advisors expect to see the details of your personal growth in terms of both education and employment. Therefore, they can decide whether you would be an excellent candidate to be granted the opportunity.

💡 When you’re applying for internships

As a student looking for internships, you might not have a lot of work experience to describe in your resume. For that reason, an application letter will be able to do the job of both a resume and a cover letter. 

Also, the potential employer would like to dig deep into your educational background as well as personal traits and strengths, not just hear about your passion. That's why an application letter is preferable to a cover letter or a motivation letter. 

💡 When you’re applying for a job opening

A cover letter is generally sent along with your resume for a job application. It is considered as a supporting document that helps provide additional information besides what is written in your resume. Though it’s optional to include a cover letter in your job application, you should need one to express yourself further in a more personal way.

💡 When you have a lot to write in your resume

You have plenty of work experience and have achieved many accomplishments in the field, so a 2-page resume is not enough. If so, you should describe those work experiences and accomplishments that don’t fit in your resume in a cover letter.

Remember, do not repeat the same information on your resume in your cover letter.

What if you are a recent graduate and have limited professional experience? A cover letter will then help you demonstrate your passion and motivation to apply for the job opening. You can also impress the hiring manager by stating your career goals. 

In this paragraph, we're going to show you the difference between a cover letter vs. a letter of application in terms of their format and structure.  

1. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Header

Basically, the header of a motivation letter vs. an application letter follows the format of business letters, which includes your contact information, the date when the letter is written, the recipient's address, and contact information.

Moon Tran La Mesa, CA, 91941  [email protected] (+310)-442-1549

April 10, 2022

Davis Pullman  Marketing Manager IVY Media  1836 La Mesa Blvd, La Mesa, CA 91942

2. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Salutation

The salutation in a letter is a greeting to the people who can make a decision on hiring you or offering you the scholarship. In general, they could be the hiring manager, the employer, or the Head of the Department where the vacancy is from. 

For any kind of formal letter, including a letter of interest, application letter, and cover letter, you should write a proper salutation like these:  

• If you already know the recipient's name: Hello / Dear [Name] 
• If you already know the recipient's gender: Dear Mr. / Ms. + [Name]
• If you only know the team or department: Dear Hiring Manager / Dear The Head of [Department]

💡 Pro Tip: You might be wondering, what about “To Whom It May Concern”? Believe it or not, this salutation is now considered outdated and overused. Read more on why you should consider not using “To Whom It May Concern” as your cover letter salutation.

3. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Opening paragraph

Here's what to include in the opening paragraph of your cover letter:

• The position you're applying for
• The purpose of the letter
• A brief statement of your qualifications

Example of the introduction in a cover letter: 

“My name is Kaylee Sands, a TESOL-certified teacher currently seeking a teaching position at Dream School. I believe that my 8 years experience in teaching English and my strong communication skills make me the right fit for this role.” 

On the other hand, application letters have a more extensive introduction through which the employer can grasp more in-depth information about the candidate’s skills and qualities. You need to cover the following elements in the opening paragraph of your application letter: 

• The purpose of the letter 
• A brief overview of your skills, experience, and goals 

Example of the introduction in an application letter: 

“My name is  Flavien Louis, an undergraduate student majoring in Marketing at Academy of Journalism and Communication. I am writing to express my desire to participate in the Unilever Future Leaders Program. I have a strong passion for exploring customer behaviors and developing Marketing plans to help the company maximize the profit. Previously, I have worked part-time at an advertising agency for one year where I have obtained much knowledge, experience, and skills in this field. I know UFLP would be the perfect opportunity for me to advance my goal of becoming a Digital Marketing specialist.”

4. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Body paragraph(s)

In terms of the body paragraph, a cover letter aims to express your motivation and explain why you think you're qualified for the job opening. Thus, you will need to draw strong connections between your qualifications and the job requirements, and avoid repeating the information that is already mentioned in your resume.

Example of the body paragraph in a cover letter:

“During my 10 years of experience as an HR Specialist, I have engaged in a variety of industries such as EdTech, fashion, and tourism. My major job responsibilities include employee recruitment and retention, staff development, employee benefits, and HR records management. I’m detail-oriented and able to deal with complicated issues by leveraging organizational management as well as problem-solving skills. In the most recent position at PledgCam, I have implemented the very first corporate-wide program to foster employee engagement, having achieved 100% employee participation.

Regarding my educational background, I hold a Bachelor’s degree in HRM and an MBA in Organization Development, both from Western State University.”

Meanwhile, an application letter provides a brief description of your educational background, employment history, and accomplishments in the field. The information needs to be listed chronologically so the employer can see your personal development. That makes a job application and a cover letter different.  

Example of the body paragraph in an application letter:

“In 2010, I graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Communications and an MBA from the University of Texas after studying for 6 years.

My first job was a Sales Representative at Genex Engineering, where I was responsible for selling hardware and software for Asia-based customers while obtaining orders from existing or potential sales outlets. I hit and exceeded sales KPIs by 25% for 3 months in a row in 2018.

After that, I advanced my career as a Sales Specialist at Ragic. My main job responsibilities include developing and implementing sales strategy, searching for potential clients, managing the retention of existing clients, and negotiating the contract of sales. My biggest achievement is receiving the 2020 and 2021 Sales Eminence Award for annual sales volumes over 115% of the goal.”

5. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Closing paragraph

How to write a cover letter vs a job application’s closing paragraph is similar. You will need to include the following information: 

• Restate your interest in the role/program.
• Include a call to action inviting the hiring manager to reach out to you.
• Express your gratitude for their time and consideration.

“As a big fan of BAS Glow for many years, I hope that I can become a part of the Business Analysis & Development team. I am confident that the experiences and skills I’ve obtained in 5 years of working have prepared me for this position. I would appreciate your time and consideration for a further discussion.

Thank you and please kindly let me know if you have any questions."

6. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Sign-off

There’s no difference in the sign-offs of a cover letter vs a letter of application.

Just simply end your letter with a formal closing, followed by your signature, like these:

• Best regards,
• With gratitude,

💡 Pro Tip: Avoid sign offs that are too personal and casual like: With love, Lots of love, XOXO, See you .

7. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Attachments

In general, you’re required to include a resume with your cover letter. You can also submit other supporting documents such as certificates and a portfolio. 

However, application letters don't contain any other attachments since they're considered a standalone document and you’ve already disclosed your explanations in the body of the letter. 

Still, to make sure you don't miss any requirements, read the job posting carefully. 

8. Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Length

A cover letter is typically half to one page long with 250-400 words. An application letter can typically be longer than a cover letter and can be one to 2 pages long.

Cover Letter vs. Application Letter - Pros & Cons

Wondering which type of letter you should use for your application? 

Below we've listed some pros and cons of using a cover letter vs. an application letter.

Pros & Cons of a Cover Letter

• Entices the employer to read your resume.
• Shows your personal traits. 
• Better explains what you contribute to the company as a candidate for the specific position. 
• Provides additional information that's not mentioned in your resume.
• If it is an optional requirement, it shows that you're willing to take extra time to prepare a document that's not required.
• If not well-written, it would reflect poorly on your application.
• Some employers may not read cover letters if it's not a requirement for the application.
• Need to conduct a time-consuming research of the company and position in order to write a tailored cover letter.
• Need extra time and effort to prepare.
• Risk of repeating information already mentioned in the CV.

Pros & Cons of an Application Letter

• Doesn’t consume much time and effort to design and format it. 
• When well-written, it tells a compelling story about yourself.
• Works well when you want to describe in-depth academic experience. 
• Makes you stand out from the crowd as many candidates don't submit an application letter if not required. 
• No strict requirement for the length.
• Lacks personal touch and room for creativity compared to a well-designed resume.
• Some hiring managers prefer a resume or CV. 
• May be out of date for some jobs or industries. 
• Can only be used in very limited circumstances in a job search. 
• Not suitable for those with limited work experience or educational achievements. 

✅ Rephrase your resume content in your application letter.

As mentioned earlier, you shouldn't repeat what is already written in the resume. If you want to highlight any important details such as your previous job tasks and significant contribution, keep in mind to rephrase them.

✅ Highlight notable achievements.

You should not only show your accomplishments but also quantify them. That way, you can better prove yourself to the hiring manager and show that you can add more value to the company.

✅ Start each paragraph by highlighting the content.

This allows the employer to have a clear picture of what you're going to say within each paragraph. Just follow the guide on how to write a cover letter vs. job application mentioned above and you'll be able to give a clear, well-thought-out self-description.

✅ Be brief and use descriptive words.

Descriptive words allow you to provide specific information without writing a lot. Hence, consider using this kind of words will make your application letter more concise and impressive.

📚 Further reading:  300+ Resume Adjectives & How to Use Them (Guide & Examples)

✅ Stuff facts and details in the application letter.

Honesty is especially important when it comes to job and academic applications. Any false or ambiguous information may make you look bad and break your chances of landing the job interview. Including details about your experience will increase credibility and also help the readers gain a better understanding of your qualifications.

With CakeResume, you can easily create a resume online, free download your resume’s PDF formats, and utilize ATS-compliant templates to create a resume. Land your dream job, create your resume online (free download) now!

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--- Originally written by May Luong ---

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• Know the Difference Between Job application and Resume

Knowing the difference between a job application and a resume is of paramount importance. The process of applying for a job include submitting two different types of documents: a resume and a job application. At first glance, it can seem that these are two similar documents with the same information, but you are mistaken. Let’s discover what is the essential distinction between them in order not to screw up your employment process.

What Is a Job Application ?

A standard job application is a legal document required by the Human Resources department. It is a brief paper listing your essential qualification without explanation. For an employer job application serves to compare you fast to other candidates. A job application is a chronological laconic document of 1 or 2 pages. It also includes information that is never included in a resume: birth date, Social Security Number, driver’s license number, verification of military experience and training and even an inquiry about your criminal past. Usually, in a job application, you will be required to include full start/end dates of employment (month, day, year), names of previous manager, company name and location. The employer needs this info to verify your employment. You will also be asked to fill the salary history and current salary requirements. In some cases, employers can ask to add information concerning your GPA, semester hours and grades for certain subjects. You don’t have to include any additional information or special skills for job applications.

General Job Application Dos and Don'ts

Before filling out a job application, check out these dos and don’ts that will help you to create a correct one.

Job Application Dos:

• First of all, read the application form carefully before filling it. You have to follow strictly all the directions.
• Putting Social Security Number on job applications is obligatory.
• Make sure you include correct employment dates.
• Of course, you have to check your application for grammar or spelling errors.
• One of the biggest mistakes of all job seekers is not to contact their references before the application process begins. Call and make sure they know you want them to be your references.

Job Application Don’ts:

• Most importantly, never lie. All the information should be proven because it is a legal document.
• Do not exaggerate your experience, skills, abilities, because an employer will reveal the truth.
• Don’t leave any unfilled gaps.
• Don’t write ‘see resume’ for questions that require some wide explanation.

Your job application is very important. If an employer decides to hire you, a background check based on your application is inevitable, so prepare it thoroughly.

What Is a Resume?

A resume is the most common document required from job applicants. Typically, a resume is a brief summary of all skills, abilities, qualification, work history and educational background of a candidate. There are three resume types: chronological (the most common), functional and combination. Include a job history summary where you will explain why you are the best fit for a position and what are your main career goals. You can mention additional information on resume like training, licenses, language proficiency, but all the data provided should be relevant to a desired position. Writing a perfect resume is daunting, but check out the instruction that will facilitate this process.

Typical Resume Dos and Don'ts

Follow these simple guidelines in order to create an outstanding professional resume.

Common Resume Dos:

• Focus on your strengths. Include only your best characteristics and experience that will prove your professionalism and will convince an HR to hire you.
• It is imperative to tailor your resume to each specific position. Instead of mass mailing the same resume, make some adjustment to show your interest exactly in a certain job opening.
• Before sending a resume, proofread it multiple times. Errors and typos will kill your success on the spot.
• Choose an appropriate resume format that will fit the company’s culture.

Common Resume Don’ts:

• Don’t forget to list everything in reverse chronological order.
• Don’t put any irrelevant information. Even if you are proud of it, but it won’t make any difference to a recruiter - erase it immediately.
• Don’t forget that a resume is a concise document. Its length should be 1 page, in some exceptional cases, it can contain 2 pages.
• Don’t go into detail - 5 bullet points covering your essential duties will be more than enough.

Knowing the difference between a resume and a job application along with basic guidance on how to write perfect documents will lead you to success in your job search!

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• Find a company

The language of the job hunt: resumes and job applications

Sep 07, 2022 - updated Apr 24, 2023

So you’ve decided to apply for a new role—good for you! You spruce up your resume and get ready to send it off, only to learn you need to complete a job application too. Confusion sets in as you find yourself doubling your efforts, wondering why both are necessary. Well, as culture fit becomes more critical in the workplace and competition rises, many employers want to better understand applicants beyond their work life and hard skills. Larger companies may also be seeking ways to sort through high application volumes and simplify or automate processes . Enter: the job application.

But what exactly is the difference between a resume and a job application? Why would a company ask for one over the other–or even both–and how can you ensure you stand out? Let’s find out.

What is a job application?

A job application is a standard form with questions or fields deemed necessary by a company to review candidates. It will often request the same information from every potential hire, such as contact information, past work experience, education, and references . However, not every company will ask you to complete a job application; sometimes just a resume will suffice. So what are some reasons a company would require one?

Marianne Encina, a recruiter at Shopify and co-founder of 3Skills , a community that teaches job seekers how to communicate their value to employers and build careers they are proud of, says, “a company might use a job application to have one clear standard to assess all applicants. This can be beneficial when the goal is solely to compare experience, skills, and education.”

However, the standardization of job applications also brings about concerns regarding DEI initiatives . Encina notes, “[Job applications] can be problematic since applicants will all have different backgrounds that will fall outside this standard and might therefore be automatically and unfairly rejected.”

That said, if a company does ask you to submit a job application, it is essential that you complete it in full. In the United States, candidates are required to list all former employers as requested on a job application and to fill it in honestly—you don’t want to get caught lying should the employer run a background check .

What is a resume?

A resume is a document that outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background, typically as they relate to your career and education . Resumes can also include personal information, such as hobbies, interests, and volunteer time, providing a prospective employer with more information about who you are and how you spend your time outside office hours.

A resume is your opportunity to showcase and highlight your unique talents and personality . While there are certain things that will double up on your resume and job application—such as your duties and responsibilities with previous employers—there’s lots of room for creativity.

One tip Encina suggests is tailoring your resume to the company’s brand by using their colors and fonts or getting inspiration from their products. “If you are interviewing with Google’s Search Team, for example, you could have each role in your resume replicate Google search results,” says Encina.

But it’s not all about aesthetics. “Content will always be more important than any color or font. A tailored resume with metrics that address requirements and responsibilities for the role should be the standard; aesthetics are a bonus.” Encina says. So what’s the bottom line? Make your resume enticing . “Ultimately, the goal is to extend the amount of time the recruiter or hiring manager spends reviewing your resume.”

What should you do if a company asks for both?

If a company asks for both, how do you ensure you don’t waste your or the recruiter’s time? While it can be tempting to keep one standard resume handy for any job that piques your interest, especially when applying to several different roles, it’s good practice to tailor your resume for each opportunity .

If a company asks you to complete a job application and a resume, avoid repeating the same information. “You might consider using that extra space to speak about specific projects that are relevant to that role,” notes Encina.

Should you send a resume if the company only offers a job application?

According to Encina, the answer to this question is: it depends. “If you have a tailored resume ready to be submitted that would only make your application and your candidacy stronger, I would go ahead and submit that too,” she says.

“But really, the question here should be redirected to the company: is every step of your process intentional and candidate-centric? Are the instructions clear on what needs to be submitted? Are they deducting points for anyone who didn’t submit a resume and cover letter , although there were no instructions to do so? As a candidate, your goal is to reflect that you are the most employable out of the candidate pool . A company’s goal should be to provide a clear recruitment process and expectations.”

Key takeaways: what’s the difference between a resume and a job application?

A job application is a form created by a company with fields that a candidate must complete in full . These fields typically include contact information, past work experience, education, and references . The application is the same for every potential candidate, providing a standardized way for a company to assess applicants.

Ensure you complete all sections as required by the job application. You must fully disclose all past employers when requested via a job application . Some companies may even perform a background check to confirm.

A resume outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background. It’s also your opportunity to showcase your unique experience, creativity, and other relevant information that could make you a front-runner for a position.

Clearly read a company’s application instructions; if they are unclear, don’t hesitate to ask for more information.

When in doubt, go the extra mile and submit a resume in addition to a job application , even if it’s not specifically requested. Find the appropriate company contact so you know it gets into the right hands .

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Application Letter Vs. Cover Letter

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Cover Letter Analysis

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There are subtle differences between application letters and cover letters. However, the terms cover and application are sometimes used interchangeably. An application letter is often intended to stand on its own, whereas a cover letter generally can't be the applicant's only document submitted to express interest in a job opening.

Cover Letter Versus Application Letter Introductions

Cover letters typically contain a brief introduction. The introduction in a cover letter consists of three to four sentences about the job seeker's work experiences, education, accomplishments and the type of organizations he feels are best suited for his qualifications. On the other hand, an application letter might contain a more extensive introduction simply because this letter serves a purpose that's similar to the resume.

Dear (Hiring Executive),

Please accept my enclosed application for the position of executive assistant to your Vice President of Operations. I'm pleased to say that my qualifications match your job requirements perfectly. In my current role with Genex Engineering, I handle all of the same duties and much more as executive assistant to the president and CEO for the past four years. My experience, education (bachelor's degree), strong communication skills and ability to manage complex tasks and solve problems makes me an ideal candidate for your position.

Cover Letter Versus Application Letter Work History

An application letter generally contains a brief description of the job seeker's work history or professional experience. An application letter often can substitute for a resume and, therefore, requires that the job seeker include specific information about her work history and professional competencies. A cover letter shouldn't contain too much information about the job seeker's work history because it's merely an introduction to the resume. It's acceptable for a cover letter to reference the job seeker's work history in a sentence or two about her current or previous employer; however, it shouldn't contain details about any professional experience.

Example of Cover Letter Work History:

Prior to working at Genex Engineering, I was executive secretary to the COO at Boomer Industrial Hose Inc. and started my career as a receptionist/ secretary for the Sales Manager at Geny Oil Corp. 10 years ago in Texas.

No need to add more to your work history in a cover letter as it is thoroughly covered in the accompanying resume.

Example of Application Letter Work History:

At Genex Engineering, I handle all of the duties required of your position and much more as executive assistant to the president and CEO for the past four years. In addition to providing secretarial and administrative support to the president, I train other secretaries to support other high-level executives and regularly speak at conventions and manage trade shows. My responsibilities also include creating presentations and proposals, arranging travel for all the executives, generating reports and taking responsibility for confidential company documents. I spearheaded modifications in IT that generated increased profitability for Genex and implemented a variety of upgrades in our accounting procedures dramatically cutting costs in that department.

After describing your duties in your present position, you would then briefly describe your duties in your two previous junior-intermediate level jobs at Boomer and Geny Oil.

Cover Letter Versus Application Letter Content

A cover letter is a teaser. Its intent is to capture the reader's attention enough to make the recruiter or hiring manager want to review the resume. The cover letter should contain just enough information that it doesn't give away everything about the applicant. An application letter, on the other hand, is a more comprehensive document. It describes the applicant's educational background, certifications and licenses, and in some cases, salary history for job postings that require it.

When to Use an Application Letter

When an employer specifically requires a cover letter and resume, that's what the job seeker should submit. It's relatively rare that an employer will accept an application letter in lieu of a cover letter and resume. The two approaches are different and employers use application letters infrequently when compared to how they use cover letters and resumes. An application letter is more appropriate for unsolicited interest, or when there isn't a job posting. For example, an application letter could be mailed to several employers that aren't advertising specific jobs vacancies as a way to provide a more extensive introduction to prospective employers.

Uses of Cover Letters and Application Letters

A cover letter is almost always used to express interest in employment. An application letter can be used for employment purposes; however, it can also be used for applying for a place in an academic program or an internship program. Employers don't always require a cover letter, but it's always a good idea to use a cover letter. On the other hand, an application letter might be the only requirement sought by schools or employers – with an application letter, it may not always be necessary to include a resume.

Ruth Mayhew has been writing since the mid-1980s, and she has been an HR subject matter expert since 1995. Her work appears in "The Multi-Generational Workforce in the Health Care Industry," and she has been cited in numerous publications, including journals and textbooks that focus on human resources management practices. She holds a Master of Arts in sociology from the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Ruth resides in the nation's capital, Washington, D.C.

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What is the difference between application letter and cover letter? FREE TEMPLATE

General | 11 sep 2023.

In the competitive job market of today, job seekers are constantly on the lookout for ways to stand out and make a positive impression on prospective employers. Two essential tools in the job hunting arsenal are the application letter and the cover letter. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they serve distinct purposes in the hiring process. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the key differences between application letters and cover letters, and provide step-by-step instructions on how to create both effectively.

What is an Application Letter?

An application letter, also known as a job application letter or a letter of application, is a formal document submitted by a job seeker to express their interest in a specific job vacancy. The primary purpose of an application letter is to introduce the applicant and their qualifications to the potential employer. Unlike a resume or CV, which provides a comprehensive overview of one's professional history, an application letter is tailored to a particular job opening.

Also read How to Create a Comprehensive Resume

How to Create an Application Letter

1. research the job opening.

Before you begin crafting your application letter, it's crucial to thoroughly research the job opening. This includes understanding the job requirements, responsibilities, and the company's culture. The more you know about the position, the better you can align your qualifications and skills with the employer's needs.

2. Format and Structure

An application letter should follow a standard business letter format. Here's a basic structure to follow:

Heading: Include your contact information (name, address, phone number, and email) at the top, followed by the date.

Recipient's Information: Below the date, include the recipient's name, title, company name, and address. If you can't find this information in the job posting, address the letter to the hiring manager.

Salutation: Start your letter with a professional salutation, such as "Dear Mr. Smith" or "Dear Hiring Manager."

Introduction: Begin with a strong opening paragraph that mentions the specific job you're applying for and how you learned about it. Express your enthusiasm for the position.

Body Paragraph(s): Use one or more paragraphs to highlight your qualifications, skills, and relevant experiences. Be specific and provide examples of how your background aligns with the job requirements.

Closing Paragraph: Summarize your interest in the position and express your desire for an interview. Mention that you have attached your resume for reference.

Closing : Use a formal closing such as "Sincerely" or "Yours faithfully," followed by your signature and typed name.

3. Tailor Your Letter

Each application letter should be customized for the specific job you're applying for. Highlight the qualifications and experiences that make you an ideal candidate for that particular position. Avoid using a generic, one-size-fits-all letter.

4. Showcase Your Skills

Use the application letter to showcase your skills and experiences that are most relevant to the job. Highlight achievements, projects, or experiences that demonstrate your capability to excel in the role.

Also read  7 Interview Tips to Impress Hiring Manager

5. Proofread and Edit

Before sending your application letter, carefully proofread it for grammar, spelling, and formatting errors. A well-written, error-free letter demonstrates professionalism and attention to detail.

6. Enclose Required Documents

If the job posting specifies additional documents, such as transcripts, certifications, or writing samples, make sure to include them along with your application letter.

When to Use an Application Letter

Application letters are typically used when:

A job vacancy is advertised.

The employer specifically requests an application letter.

You want to provide a more personalized introduction to your resume.

Effective Application Letter Example:

[Your Name]

[Your Address]

[City, State ZIP Code]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Phone Number]

[Today's Date]

[Recipient's Name]

[Recipient's Title]

[Company Name]

[Company Address]

Dear [Recipient's Name],

I am writing to apply for the [Position Name] at [Company Name], as advertised on [Where You Found the Job Posting]. With my strong background in [Relevant Skill/Experience], I am excited about the opportunity to contribute my expertise to your team.

In my current role at [Current Company], I have consistently demonstrated my proficiency in [Relevant Skill]. For instance, [Provide an Example of an Achievement or Project Relevant to the Position]. These experiences have honed my abilities and prepared me for the challenges and responsibilities of the [Position Name] role at [Company Name].

What sets [Company Name] apart for me is its reputation for [Company Attribute or Project]. I am deeply impressed by the impact your organization has made in [Industry or Field], and I am eager to be part of such an innovative and forward-thinking team.

Please find my resume attached, which offers a more comprehensive overview of my qualifications. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to discuss how my skills can contribute to the continued success of [Company Name].

I can be reached at [Your Email Address] or [Your Phone Number]. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of becoming a part of the [Company Name] family and working toward achieving its goals.

What is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter, sometimes referred to as a covering letter, is a document that accompanies your resume when applying for a job. Unlike an application letter, which is typically focused on a specific job vacancy, a cover letter is more general and can be used for various job applications. The primary purpose of a cover letter is to introduce yourself, highlight your qualifications, and explain why you are an excellent fit for the company as a whole.

How to Create a Cover Letter

1. research the company.

Before you start writing your cover letter, research the company you're applying to. Understand its values, mission, culture, and recent achievements. This knowledge will help you tailor your cover letter to align with the company's goals and values.

A well-structured cover letter should include the following elements:

Heading : Similar to an application letter, include your contact information and the date at the top.

Recipient's Information : Address the letter to the hiring manager or the appropriate person if their name is mentioned in the job posting. If not, use a generic salutation like "Dear Hiring Manager."

Introduction : Begin with a strong opening that mentions the position you're interested in and how you found out about it. Express your enthusiasm for the company and explain why you're a good fit.

Body Paragraphs : Use one or more paragraphs to showcase your qualifications, skills, and experiences. Emphasize your contributions and achievements in previous roles. Highlight how your skills align with the company's needs.

Closing Paragraph: Summarize your interest in the company and reiterate your enthusiasm for the position. Express your desire for an interview to further discuss your qualifications.

Closing : Use a professional closing, such as "Sincerely" or "Best regards," followed by your signature and typed name.

3. Personalize Your Cover Letter

While a cover letter can be more general than an application letter, it should still be personalized for the specific company and position. Tailor your content to match the company's values and show how you can contribute to its success.

4. Highlight Transferable Skills

In a cover letter, focus on transferable skills that are applicable across various roles and industries. Explain how your diverse skill set makes you adaptable and a valuable asset to the company.

5. Match Your Resume

Your cover letter should complement your resume, not duplicate it. Use the cover letter to provide context for your resume and highlight specific achievements or experiences that are relevant to the job.

6. Proofread and Edit

Just like with an application letter, proofread and edit your cover letter carefully to ensure it is error-free and well-written. Attention to detail is crucial.

When to Use a Cover Letter

Cover letters are typically used when:

You are applying for a job without a specific job posting.

The job application process requires a cover letter.

You want to express your interest in a company and its culture, beyond a specific job opening.

Apply to urgently hiring jobs here!

Effective cover letter example.

I am writing to express my strong interest in the [Position Name] position at [Company Name], as advertised on [Where You Found the Job Posting]. With a proven track record in [Relevant Skill/Experience], I am confident that my qualifications align perfectly with the requirements of this role.

In my previous role at [Previous Company], I [Briefly Describe an Achievement or Responsibility Relevant to the Position]. This experience allowed me to hone my [Relevant Skill] skills and contribute to the growth and success of my team. I am eager to bring this expertise to [Company Name] to contribute to its continued excellence.

One of the aspects of [Company Name] that particularly excites me is [Specific Company Attribute or Project]. Your commitment to [Company's Values or Mission] aligns perfectly with my own professional values, making [Company Name] a natural fit for my career goals.

Enclosed is my resume, which provides further details about my qualifications. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experiences can benefit [Company Name] in greater detail. Please find my contact information below:

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of joining the team at [Company Name] and contributing to your ongoing success.

In conclusion, application letters and cover letters serve distinct purposes in the job application process. An application letter is tailored to a specific job vacancy and focuses on your qualifications for that role, while a cover letter is more general and introduces you to the company as a whole. Both letters, however, are essential tools for showcasing your skills and enthusiasm to prospective employers.

To succeed in your job search, it's crucial to create both types of letters effectively. Research the job opening or company thoroughly, follow the appropriate format and structure, and customize the content to match the employer's needs. Additionally, always proofread and edit your letters to ensure they make a positive impression. Application letter example and cover letter example illustrate how to structure both a cover letter and an application letter effectively, emphasizing the importance of tailoring the content to the specific job and company while showcasing your qualifications and enthusiasm.

By understanding the differences between application letters and cover letters and mastering the art of creating them, you can increase your chances of landing your dream job in today's competitive job market.

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Resume Writing Guide

A resume is typically an employer’s first introduction to you. First impressions are crucial to establish yourself as professional, capable, and motivated. A strong resume demonstrates your transferrable skills, communication abilities, and achievements. A consistent, detailed, and concise resume can help your resume get noticed by recruiters. By formatting your resume professionally, you increase your chances of earning the interview.

Resume Components

Contact information, phone number.

Use a phone number you can answer readily, such as your cell phone. If you have a voice mail set-up, make sure it sounds professional with your name and the best times to contact you.

Your e-mail address should be professional. While you are enrolled at UMass Amherst, your UMass e-mail will work well. After graduation, consider creating a new e-mail address that contains your name. 

Always include phone and email, but consider if listing your address is helpful or harmful. Employers may give preference to people who are closer geographically - if you are applying from far away, they may be unsure whether you are serious about moving.

Additionally, while your city and state are helpful to list, you do not necessarily need to include your street address. Employers will need it to hire you, but it is not required to provide during the job application process.

Objective/Summary

This section is most useful when you hand your paper resume out at a career or networking event - unless you have something specific to highlight, consider leaving it off your resume. A cover letter will do a better job conveying your why, as well as your key abilities. When you submit electronically, many Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) will often skip the summary section and look for those key words to be in the body of your document instead.

For currently enrolled students, you will list your current degree first, and then work backwards in reverse chronological order. During your first few years of college, consider including your high school until you run out of space.

In addition to your college education, you may also highlight   study abroad or domestic exchange programs . When discussing these programs, think about including the following experiences to highlight your transferable skills: 

Class projects

Volunteering/internships/research applicable to your field

Independent travel

Learning to work with a more diverse group of people than you had previously been exposed to

Resolving conflicts based on misunderstandings of cultural differences

Learn new activities, languages, hobbies, or skills

Education Section Example 

University of Massachusetts, Amherst (Fall 2024 - Present)

Bachelor of Arts, Major: English

GPA (if over 3.0 and you feel comfortable sharing)

Relevant Coursework: 3-5 courses max

Awards (when including awards, include the reason for receiving it. Example: "21st Century Leadership Award for high academic achievement in first year")

Senior Project: (optional)

Portfolio of work (optional)

There are many types of experiences: volunteer, paid, unpaid, work study. If the experience is relevant and taught you transferrable skills, find a way to include it.

• For each experience, include name of organization, your title or role, location, and dates
• Action verbs (samples below) to help you write accomplishment statements, which prove you have the skills you say by leaning into outcomes and successes
• Consider using multiple experience headings, such as: research experience, industry experience, or relevant experience. This can be a good way to move more relevant experiences up higher on your resume, even if they happened further in the past.
• Quantifying your work can demonstrate your aptitude. Answering questions such as "How many?",   "How much?", and "How often?" will help recruiters understand the extent of your skills.  
• Avoid “responsibilities included" and writing in a passive voice - using action verbs will make this easier.

Experience Example

Leverage, Incorporated: Boston, MA (September 2025 - Present)

Computer Science Intern

• Developed an algorithm that identified patterns in white collar crime in the financial industries across the United States. Implementation of this program reduced company losses by 17% compared to the previous quarter.
• Collaborated with supply chain division to design new packaging based on reduction of carbon footprint, leading to increased production distribution while reducing energy usage.
• Established a training program to help connect interns with mentors at the organization and was awarded the Innovative Intern of Quarter for these efforts

This section is typically for "hard" skills, which are skills that can easily be measured. Soft skills (such as interpersonal skills) are better described in bullet points of your experience section so they can have the context they require. For a skills section, depending on your targeted field, you may add computer, language, laboratory skills, or performances. For languages, put your level of fluency (e.g., proficient, advanced, fluent, native).

Skills Example

Computer: Microsoft Office (Word, Excel), Adobe Suite (Photoshop, InDesign), Data Analysis (R-Studio, SPSS)

Resume Formatting and Layout

The average reading only spends 20 seconds reading a resume. Before that, an applicant tracking system may be utilized to select which resumes get reviewed by a human being.  Make sure your resume is easy to read and stands out. 

No single format works for everyone: the only rule is that you need to be honest, factual, and relevant

One page is ideal (especially for internships) and for students ages 18-25

Keep a longer master resume for future opportunities

List everything in reserve chronological order; start with your most recent experience work backwards

Use a legible sans serif  font size, keep it readable, 11 is a good place to start

1 column is better than 2; when you have two columns the reader may jump around and miss key information

No icons or images as they cannot be read by applicant tracking software

How Many Resume Versions Do I Need?

There is a big difference between customizing your resume for a specific position/industry versus creating different documents for each application.

• If you are applying to jobs in drastically different industries, you will want to customize resumes for each industry. For example, a psychology major applying to jobs in Human Services as well as Human Resources will want to highlight different experiences and skills for each, and potentially format their resumes different as a business setting holds different expectations for job criteria compared to a mental health setting.
• If you're pursuing a few different roles, but they're all related to one discipline or field, then you will not need multiple versions of your resume. However, you will still want to tweak each resume you send out based on the specific job description. 

Specialized Resumes/Sections

While resumes may follow the same general format, depending on your experience and industry, there may be other considerations to help your resume stand out.

Design Resumes

Design resumes can differ from traditional resumes in several tangible ways, reflecting the unique skills and creative nature of design professions.

Your document is an indication of your style aesthetic and may not need to conform to the same rules and standards as other professions.

Visual Layout

Design resumes often incorporate creative layouts that display the designer's skills in typography, layout, and visual communication.

• Infographics: Use of icons, graphs, and other visual elements can represent skills, experience, and achievements.
• Color and Typography: Thoughtful use of color and font choices creates an aesthetically pleasing document that aligns with your personal brand.

Content Presentation and Customization

Direct links to online portfolios or examples of work, are often included as part of the resume. Incorporation of personal logos, custom icons, and other branding elements that reflect a designer's style may be added here.

File Format and Compatibility

Designers create their resumes in online spaces varying from Latec to Adobe to Canva. While many resumes are shared as PDFs, design resumes especially should be shared in this format to preserve visual integrity across different devices.

Unique Layouts

Non-traditional formats such as infographics, timelines, or modular layouts may be acceptable.

Interactivity

For digital resumes, elements of interactivity can be incorporated, such as clickable links, hover effects, and embedded multimedia.

The most important rules still apply to ALL resumes; clean neat formatting, with consistency in where the reader will access key information continues to be your driving force.

Designers should contact their career centers to discuss what resume style might best suit their professional goals.

Digital Resumes

A digital resume is an electronic version of a traditional resume that highlights an individual's professional experience, skills, and achievements using digital formats.

Either shared as a PDF or hosted on a personal website, this format allows for enhanced interactivity and multimedia integration. Digital resumes often feature creative layouts, embedded links to portfolios, and interactive elements such as hover effects or animations.

They enable candidates to visually demonstrate their technical and design skills, making them particularly popular in creative and tech industries. The goal of a digital resume is to highlight qualifications, but also provide a dynamic and engaging avenue for potential employers to assess a candidate’s capabilities.

Student Athletes

As a UMass athlete, you learn incredible transferable skills in areas such as communication, leadership, and teamwork. You also spend more time at your activity than most, so make sure they see all your greatness in action.

“Effectively managed communications between 24 team members, served as liaison connecting team and coaching staff, and effectively resolved intra-group conflicts.”

“Excellent time management skills. Balanced a 30+ hour practice, training, competition, and travel schedule while balancing full academic course load.

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Social Security Matters

Social security pays benefits to children after the death of a parent.

June 20, 2024 • By Kathleen Romig, Office of the Commissioner

Last Updated: June 20, 2024

In fact, 98 out of 100 children in this country could get Social Security if a working parent dies. In some cases, the child’s surviving parent is eligible for benefits as well.

The death of a parent can have negative financial, health, and educational effects on children, according to research by David Weaver of the University of South Carolina published in Population Review in 2019.  When tragedy happens, we can help.

Social Security benefits are very valuable for surviving children and their families. They come from all walks of life and all races and ethnicities, income levels, geographic locations, and more.

We estimate that Social Security Survivors Insurance is equivalent to a life insurance policy with a face value of $930,000 for a young worker with average earnings who leaves behind a spouse and two children.

Survivors benefits may be payable to an adult child of a deceased worker, if they have a disability that began before age 22, they are not able to work, and meet all eligibility requirements.

If a child in your life has lost a parent, it’s important for the child’s family to reach out to us as soon as possible. The date you contact us to file an application can affect when the child’s benefits begin.

You can call us at 1-800-772-1213 between 8:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. We can usually schedule an appointment in 30-60 days. We will let you know what information you need to apply. We provide free interpreter services by phone or in person in your local Social Security office.

To learn more, visit our Survivors Benefits and Parents and Guardians webpages.

Please share this information with your friends and family who may need it – and post it on social media.

Did you find this Information helpful?

Tags: Children , equity , Social Security benefits , survivors benefits

About the Author

Kathleen romig, office of the commissioner, related articles, social security survivors benefits explained, understanding social security survivors benefits, survivor benefits: four tips widows need to know, five things parents and guardians can learn on our website.

June 25, 2024 12:09PM

What is the CFR portion that dictates the benefit (funds) for a minor child their property?

June 24, 2024 10:37AM

What about the retro payments and monthly payment increase adjustment on survivor benefits? Benefits were reduced 4 1/2 years ago for two people and given to two additional people that weren’t supposed to receive benefits and after a hearing (waiting almost a full year for the decision) with a fully favorable decision that determined those other two people shouldn’t be receiving those benefits we continue to have to call about when our retro payment and monthly adjustment will be made. The decision was received March 20, 2024 from my court hearing that was May 3, 2023! We get different answers every time we call and have never received any letters in the time that was stated in the decision letter or from the employees that were spoken to. Why does it take so long for social security to pay back money to someone that is supposed to receive it when it was an error on your end? This is causing an extreme financial hardship for both the families that should have been getting these benefits for their children’s father all along. Extremely disappointed and frustrated with this government agency. It has pushed us to the point of now getting an attorney involved after I was told by a previous attorney that I shouldn’t need one, reaching out to the news, congressman and senators offices when all we are looking for is a payment that should have never been taken from us to begin with. We have been dealing with this since March of 2020.

June 24, 2024 6:05PM

We’re sorry to hear about your situation, Tara. The processing time for release of back pay varies. For your security, we don’t have access to your private information in this venue. We encourage you to continue to work with your local  Social Security office . You can ask to speak with a supervisor during your next call or visit. We hope this is resolved soon.

June 23, 2024 9:34PM

Both my son and daughter inlaw overdosed im my granddaughters legal guardian and she only draws 480 a month my sister lives in Indiana and she draws over nine hundred same thing happened parents overdosed ❓

June 24, 2024 5:14PM

We’re sorry for your loss, Mary. The amount of your granddaughter’s survivors benefit is based on the earnings of her parents. The more they worked and paid into Social Security, the greater the survivors benefits. For more information, read our Survivors publication.

We may be able to pay benefits to your granddaughter on your work record because both her parents are deceased. To learn more about the support that’s available when you’re raising a grandchild, visit our Parents and Guardians webpage. If you have specific questions about your granddaughter’s benefits, you can call us at 1-800-772-1213, Monday through Friday, between 8:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. We hope this helps.

June 24, 2024 5:22PM

We’re sorry to hear of your situation, Tara. The processing time for release of back pay varies. For your security, we don’t have access to your private information in this venue. We encourage you to continue to work with your local Social Security office . You can ask to speak with a supervisor during your next call or visit. We hope this is resolved soon.

June 22, 2024 12:53PM

My son passed away a year ago in two days. Benefits were applied for my grandson right away, but still no word. Everything has been submitted, including DNA. This is in LA. It seems very unfair and creates hardships that this takes so long.

June 23, 2024 8:30AM

It usually takes 5 months for payments to begin with S.S., however, when they do begin, they will include the accumulated retroactive payments as well. At least it used to be that way. It’s worth checking out!

Take care and God in Heaven bless you in every way!

June 24, 2024 4:53PM

We’re sorry for your loss, Sharon. We encourage you to contact your local Social Security office regarding the status of your grandson’s application. You can ask to speak with a supervisor during your next call or visit. Or you can call us at 1-800-772-1213, Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. We hope this is resolved soon.

June 21, 2024 8:42PM

My son was born premature 4//30/2022 and his father passed away 6/5/22 and never got to meet each other, Furthermore I applied but my son didn’t qualify because my sons father was receiving social security disability and parents who received ssd and pass away leaving newborns or children under 21 do not receive survival benefits not even through work earned points he was missing 1 or 2 points and my son was denied. Los Angele Ca

June 24, 2024 1:46PM

My two granddaughters lost their Father last October , are they eligible?? They are 13 and 11.

June 25, 2024 8:36AM

We’re sorry for your loss, Desiree . You should contact us right away to determine whether your granddaughters might be eligible for survivors benefits. You can call us at 1-800-772-1213, Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. If their father had as little as 1 ½ years of work in the 3 years right before his death, his survivors may be able to get benefits. For more information, read our Benefits For Children factsheet and visit our Survivors Planner . We hope this helps.

June 24, 2024 4:33PM

We’re sorry for your loss, Ruby. If your son’s father was receiving disability payments through our Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, no survivors benefits are payable to your son. If your son’s father had as little as 1 ½ years of work in the three years right before his death, his survivors may be able to get benefits. For more information, read our Benefits For Children factsheet and visit our Survivors Planner . If you have additional questions, you can call us at 1-800-772-1213, Monday through Friday, between 8:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. We hope this helps.

June 20, 2024 6:08PM

“You can call us at 1-800-772-1213 between 8:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday.” Dear SSA, Thank you for all this important information. I would like to experience along with the above quote the “time zone”. For a best time for me to call. Thank you all for your work here at SSA.

Stay Curious,

About Creativity (online name)

June 22, 2024 12:06PM

My mom passed away at the age of 77. I am 61 right now. My mom and Dad both worked and made good money. Can I get my mom or Dad’s or both of their social security

June 24, 2024 4:47PM

Hi, Susan. Thanks for reading our blog and for your question. We can pay benefits to adults on their deceased parents’ earnings record if you have a disability that began before you were age 22 and the disability prevented you from doing substantia work. For more information, visit our Disability Planner . We hope this helps.

June 20, 2024 5:47PM

Would like to see the math to back up the statement,”Social Security Survivors Insurance is equivalent to a life insurance policy with a face value of $930,000 for a young worker with average earnings who leaves behind a spouse and two children.” Thank you.

June 20, 2024 5:36PM

I think the system needs a change, working members should be able to designate a beneficiary to receive whatever working capitol has been paid into the fund if the person dies prior to filing for SS benefits at retirement age. Think about all of the unmarried and childless workers that died from COVID. Or the 70 yo man who passed, that worked for 55 years and has never taken a payment. SSA got to just keep all of that capitol paid into the system by the person that passed, when the other NOK could have really used those funds. People should be allowed to pass benefits paid into the system as part of an estate.

June 21, 2024 1:23PM

So social security will already be broke if that was done! Social Security is for retirement source of funds, not as life insurance. If you want family members to get money when you pass away buy life insurance.

June 20, 2024 3:39PM

Your story says children receive benefits in till 18 or 19 if in school. Benefits were cut off for my daughter right before she turned 16 yrs old. Something change??

June 24, 2024 4:44PM

Thanks for reading our blog and for your question, Linda. For your daughter’s security, we do not have access to private information in this venue. If you were your daughter’s representative payee, you should have received a notice about any changes in her benefits. If you have questions, you can call your local Social Security office or 1-800-772-1213, Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. We hope this helps.

June 20, 2024 3:31PM

Is a DNA test required of the child?

June 21, 2024 8:00AM

BEAUTIFULY presented and very well stated . . You have an solid factual point here. Why is this system so dependent upon leveraging life’s for profitable gain when in all of this made up reality is virtually irrelevant to a point of actual non existence? Why y’allt steady keep tryna make life so much more difficult and stressful than it already is ? I have heard and seen to many stories real life events where actual people citizens of this country dedicate over two decades if not more of there lives to this system just to be spat in the face and and held by there feet dangling wonder how…..? …..why?

UNIVERSAL SHITF IS UPON US ALL . WILL NOT SWAY FOR ANY WHICH WAY . BUT WILL ALIGN WTH STARS TRUE NORTH. THE RIGHT OF WAY …

June 25, 2024 10:05AM

Hi, Alexia. Thanks for reading our blog and for your question. If your child may be eligible for survivors benefits, contact us right away at 1-800-772-1213 to schedule an appointment. If the father is not shown on the child’s birth certificate, we’ll tell you what other types of evidence we can use to prove the parent-child relationship. For more information, visit Apply for Social Security benefits . We hope this helps.  

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Careers at UW–Madison Extension

Extension is your opportunity to bring university resources to communities across Wisconsin. We bring research, solutions, guidance, and partnership to all areas of the state. Make a difference where you live by joining our team and supporting families, businesses, organizations, and more.

Application Information

Resume tips.

Before applying, be sure to update your resume to best reflect your experience and qualifications related to the job you are applying for.

• Include experience – include your work history and lived experience that is relevant to the position. Highlight roles and responsibilities that are related to the qualifications on the job announcement.
• Include relevant skills – provide a clear overview of your skills and how they fit the job.
• Include training/education – describe any coursework that matches the job requirements.
• Include any personal details in your resume that do not relate to the job. Examples include gender, ethnicity, photos, or political party.

Letter of Qualifications (cover letter)

A letter of qualifications is a document which highlights specific examples of your experience and/or training as they relate to each of the required and preferred qualifications listed in the position description.

Example: The job that you are applying for includes experience in planning and teaching educational programs and ability to work cooperatively with other agencies and community-based organizations. In your letter of qualifications, you would list these details:

• My experience in planning and teaching educational programs is….
• Examples of work I have performed that include planning and teaching educational programs are….
• My experience working cooperatively with community-based organizations is….
• Examples of work I have performed in cooperation with community-based organizations include….

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