how to create a research log

13.5 Research Process: Making Notes, Synthesizing Information, and Keeping a Research Log

Learning outcomes.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Employ the methods and technologies commonly used for research and communication within various fields.
• Practice and apply strategies such as interpretation, synthesis, response, and critique to compose texts that integrate the writer’s ideas with those from appropriate sources.
• Analyze and make informed decisions about intellectual property based on the concepts that motivate them.
• Apply citation conventions systematically.

As you conduct research, you will work with a range of “texts” in various forms, including sources and documents from online databases as well as images, audio, and video files from the Internet. You may also work with archival materials and with transcribed and analyzed primary data. Additionally, you will be taking notes and recording quotations from secondary sources as you find materials that shape your understanding of your topic and, at the same time, provide you with facts and perspectives. You also may download articles as PDFs that you then annotate. Like many other students, you may find it challenging to keep so much material organized, accessible, and easy to work with while you write a major research paper. As it does for many of those students, a research log for your ideas and sources will help you keep track of the scope, purpose, and possibilities of any research project.

A research log is essentially a journal in which you collect information, ask questions, and monitor the results. Even if you are completing the annotated bibliography for Writing Process: Informing and Analyzing , keeping a research log is an effective organizational tool. Like Lily Tran’s research log entry, most entries have three parts: a part for notes on secondary sources, a part for connections to the thesis or main points, and a part for your own notes or questions. Record source notes by date, and allow room to add cross-references to other entries.

Summary of Assignment: Research Log

Your assignment is to create a research log similar to the student model. You will use it for the argumentative research project assigned in Writing Process: Integrating Research to record all secondary source information: your notes, complete publication data, relation to thesis, and other information as indicated in the right-hand column of the sample entry.

Another Lens. A somewhat different approach to maintaining a research log is to customize it to your needs or preferences. You can apply shading or color coding to headers, rows, and/or columns in the three-column format (for colors and shading). Or you can add columns to accommodate more information, analysis, synthesis, or commentary, formatting them as you wish. Consider adding a column for questions only or one for connections to other sources. Finally, consider a different visual format , such as one without columns. Another possibility is to record some of your comments and questions so that you have an aural rather than a written record of these.

Writing Center

At this point, or at any other point during the research and writing process, you may find that your school’s writing center can provide extensive assistance. If you are unfamiliar with the writing center, now is a good time to pay your first visit. Writing centers provide free peer tutoring for all types and phases of writing. Discussing your research with a trained writing center tutor can help you clarify, analyze, and connect ideas as well as provide feedback on works in progress.

Quick Launch: Beginning Questions

You may begin your research log with some open pages in which you freewrite, exploring answers to the following questions. Although you generally would do this at the beginning, it is a process to which you likely will return as you find more information about your topic and as your focus changes, as it may during the course of your research.

• What information have I found so far?
• What do I still need to find?
• Where am I most likely to find it?

These are beginning questions. Like Lily Tran, however, you will come across general questions or issues that a quick note or freewrite may help you resolve. The key to this section is to revisit it regularly. Written answers to these and other self-generated questions in your log clarify your tasks as you go along, helping you articulate ideas and examine supporting evidence critically. As you move further into the process, consider answering the following questions in your freewrite:

• What evidence looks as though it best supports my thesis?
• What evidence challenges my working thesis?
• How is my thesis changing from where it started?

Creating the Research Log

As you gather source material for your argumentative research paper, keep in mind that the research is intended to support original thinking. That is, you are not writing an informational report in which you simply supply facts to readers. Instead, you are writing to support a thesis that shows original thinking, and you are collecting and incorporating research into your paper to support that thinking. Therefore, a research log, whether digital or handwritten, is a great way to keep track of your thinking as well as your notes and bibliographic information.

In the model below, Lily Tran records the correct MLA bibliographic citation for the source. Then, she records a note and includes the in-text citation here to avoid having to retrieve this information later. Perhaps most important, Tran records why she noted this information—how it supports her thesis: The human race must turn to sustainable food systems that provide healthy diets with minimal environmental impact, starting now . Finally, she makes a note to herself about an additional visual to include in the final paper to reinforce the point regarding the current pressure on food systems. And she connects the information to other information she finds, thus cross-referencing and establishing a possible synthesis. Use a format similar to that in Table 13.4 to begin your own research log.

Types of Research Notes

Taking good notes will make the research process easier by enabling you to locate and remember sources and use them effectively. While some research projects requiring only a few sources may seem easily tracked, research projects requiring more than a few sources are more effectively managed when you take good bibliographic and informational notes. As you gather evidence for your argumentative research paper, follow the descriptions and the electronic model to record your notes. You can combine these with your research log, or you can use the research log for secondary sources and your own note-taking system for primary sources if a division of this kind is helpful. Either way, be sure to include all necessary information.

Bibliographic Notes

These identify the source you are using. When you locate a useful source, record the information necessary to find that source again. It is important to do this as you find each source, even before taking notes from it. If you create bibliographic notes as you go along, then you can easily arrange them in alphabetical order later to prepare the reference list required at the end of formal academic papers. If your instructor requires you to use MLA formatting for your essay, be sure to record the following information:

• Title of source
• Title of container (larger work in which source is included)
• Other contributors
• Publication date

When using MLA style with online sources, also record the following information:

• Date of original publication
• Date of access
• DOI (A DOI, or digital object identifier, is a series of digits and letters that leads to the location of an online source. Articles in journals are often assigned DOIs to ensure that the source can be located, even if the URL changes. If your source is listed with a DOI, use that instead of a URL.)

It is important to understand which documentation style your instructor will require you to use. Check the Handbook for MLA Documentation and Format and APA Documentation and Format styles . In addition, you can check the style guide information provided by the Purdue Online Writing Lab .

Informational Notes

These notes record the relevant information found in your sources. When writing your essay, you will work from these notes, so be sure they contain all the information you need from every source you intend to use. Also try to focus your notes on your research question so that their relevance is clear when you read them later. To avoid confusion, work with separate entries for each piece of information recorded. At the top of each entry, identify the source through brief bibliographic identification (author and title), and note the page numbers on which the information appears. Also helpful is to add personal notes, including ideas for possible use of the information or cross-references to other information. As noted in Writing Process: Integrating Research , you will be using a variety of formats when borrowing from sources. Below is a quick review of these formats in terms of note-taking processes. By clarifying whether you are quoting directly, paraphrasing, or summarizing during these stages, you can record information accurately and thus take steps to avoid plagiarism.

Direct Quotations, Paraphrases, and Summaries

A direct quotation is an exact duplication of the author’s words as they appear in the original source. In your notes, put quotation marks around direct quotations so that you remember these words are the author’s, not yours. One advantage of copying exact quotations is that it allows you to decide later whether to include a quotation, paraphrase, or summary. ln general, though, use direct quotations only when the author’s words are particularly lively or persuasive.

A paraphrase is a restatement of the author’s words in your own words. Paraphrase to simplify or clarify the original author’s point. In your notes, use paraphrases when you need to record details but not exact words.

A summary is a brief condensation or distillation of the main point and most important details of the original source. Write a summary in your own words, with facts and ideas accurately represented. A summary is useful when specific details in the source are unimportant or irrelevant to your research question. You may find you can summarize several paragraphs or even an entire article or chapter in just a few sentences without losing useful information. It is a good idea to note when your entry contains a summary to remind you later that it omits detailed information. See Writing Process Integrating Research for more detailed information and examples of quotations, paraphrases, and summaries and when to use them.

Other Systems for Organizing Research Logs and Digital Note-Taking

Students often become frustrated and at times overwhelmed by the quantity of materials to be managed in the research process. If this is your first time working with both primary and secondary sources, finding ways to keep all of the information in one place and well organized is essential.

Because gathering primary evidence may be a relatively new practice, this section is designed to help you navigate the process. As mentioned earlier, information gathered in fieldwork is not cataloged, organized, indexed, or shelved for your convenience. Obtaining it requires diligence, energy, and planning. Online resources can assist you with keeping a research log. Your college library may have subscriptions to tools such as Todoist or EndNote. Consult with a librarian to find out whether you have access to any of these. If not, use something like the template shown in Figure 13.8 , or another like it, as a template for creating your own research notes and organizational tool. You will need to have a record of all field research data as well as the research log for all secondary sources.

This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission.

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• Authors: Michelle Bachelor Robinson, Maria Jerskey, featuring Toby Fulwiler
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• Book title: Writing Guide with Handbook
• Publication date: Dec 21, 2021
• Location: Houston, Texas
• Book URL: https://openstax.org/books/writing-guide/pages/1-unit-introduction
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Research Process: Making Notes, Synthesizing Information, and Keeping a Research Log

A research log is essentially a journal in which you collect information, ask questions, and monitor the results. Even if you are completing the annotated bibliography for Writing Process: Informing and Analyzing [New Tab] , keeping a research log is an effective organizational tool. Most entries have three parts: a part for notes on secondary sources, a part for connections to the thesis or main points, and a part for your own notes or questions. Record source notes by date and allow room to add cross-references to other entries.

Research Log

Before you create your outline for the research essay, you may want to create a research log similar to the student model. The research log will help you to keep track by recording all secondary source information such as your notes, complete publication data, relation to thesis, and other information as indicated in the right-hand column of the sample entry.

Another Lens: Customize the research log for your needs or preferences. You can apply shading or colour coding [New Tab] headers, rows, and/or columns in the three-column format. Or you can add columns to accommodate more information, analysis, synthesis, or commentary, formatting them as you wish. Consider adding a column for questions only or one for connections to other sources. Finally, consider a different visual format [New Tab] , such as one without columns. Another possibility is to record some of your comments and questions so that you have an aural rather than a written record of these.

Review your assignment and customize your research log to fit the task.

Writing Centre

At this point, or at any other point during the research and writing process, you may find that your school’s writing centre can provide extensive assistance. If you are unfamiliar with the writing centre, now is a good time to pay your first visit. Writing centres provide free peer tutoring for all types and phases of writing. Discussing your research with a trained writing centre tutor can help you clarify, analyze, and connect ideas as well as provide feedback on works in progress.

Quick Launch: Beginning Questions

You may begin your research log with some open pages in which you free write, exploring answers to the following questions. Although you generally would do this at the beginning, it is a process to which you likely will return as you find more information about your topic and as your focus changes, as it may during the course of your research.

• What information have I found so far?
• What do I still need to find?
• Where am I most likely to find it?

These are beginning questions. You will come across general questions or issues that a quick note or free write may help you resolve. The key to this section is to revisit it regularly. Written answers to these and other self-generated questions in your log clarify your tasks as you go along, helping you articulate ideas and examine supporting evidence critically. As you move further into the process, consider answering the following questions in your freewrite:

• What evidence looks as though it best supports my thesis?
• What evidence challenges my working thesis?
• How is my thesis changing from where it started?

Creating the Research Log

As you gather source material for your argumentative research paper, keep in mind that the research is intended to support original thinking. That is, you are not writing an informational report in which you simply supply facts to readers. Instead, you are writing to support a thesis that shows original thinking, and you are collecting and incorporating research into your paper to support that thinking. Therefore, a research log, whether digital or handwritten, is a great way to keep track of your thinking as well as your notes and bibliographic information.

In the model below, the author records the correct MLA bibliographic citation for the source. Then, she records a note and includes the in-text citation here to avoid having to retrieve this information later. Perhaps most important, Tran records why she noted this information—how it supports her thesis: The human race must turn to sustainable food systems that provide healthy diets with minimal environmental impact, starting now . Finally, she makes a note to herself about an additional visual to include in the final paper to reinforce the point regarding the current pressure on food systems. And she connects the information to other information she finds, thus cross-referencing and establishing a possible synthesis. Use a format similar to that in Table 1 to begin your own research log.

Types of Research Notes

Bibliographic notes.

These identify the source you are using. When you locate a useful source, record the information necessary to find that source again. It is important to do this as you find each source, even before taking notes from it. If you create bibliographic notes as you go along, then you can easily arrange them in alphabetical order later to prepare the reference list required at the end of formal academic papers. If your instructor requires you to use MLA formatting for your essay, be sure to record the following information:

• Title of source
• Title of container (larger work in which source is included)
• Other contributors
• Publication date

When using MLA style with online sources, also record the following information:

• Date of original publication
• Date of access
• DOI (A DOI, or digital object identifier, is a series of digits and letters that leads to the location of an online source. Articles in journals are often assigned DOIs to ensure that the source can be located, even if the URL changes. If your source is listed with a DOI, use that instead of a URL.)

It is important to understand which documentation style your instructor will require you to use. Check the Georgian Library Citation Guide for more details on APA.

Informational Notes

These notes record the relevant information found in your sources. When writing your essay, you will work from these notes, so be sure they contain all the information you need from every source you intend to use. Also try to focus your notes on your research question so that their relevance is clear when you read them later. To avoid confusion, work with separate entries for each piece of information recorded. At the top of each entry, identify the source through brief bibliographic identification (author and title), and note the page numbers on which the information appears. Also helpful is to add personal notes, including ideas for possible use of the information or cross-references to other information. As noted in Using Sources to Support your Writing you will be using a variety of formats when borrowing from sources. Below is a quick review of these formats in terms of note-taking processes. By clarifying whether you are quoting directly, paraphrasing, or summarizing during these stages, you can record information accurately and thus take steps to avoid plagiarism.

Direct Quotations, Paraphrases, and Summaries

A direct quotation is an exact duplication of the author’s words as they appear in the original source. In your notes, put quotation marks around direct quotations so that you remember these words are the author’s, not yours. One advantage of copying exact quotations is that it allows you to decide later whether to include a quotation, paraphrase, or summary. ln general, though, use direct quotations only when the author’s words are particularly lively or persuasive.

A paraphrase is a restatement of the author’s words in your own words. Paraphrase to simplify or clarify the original author’s point. In your notes, use paraphrases when you need to record details but not exact words.

A summary is a brief condensation or distillation of the main point and most important details of the original source. Write a summary in your own words, with facts and ideas accurately represented. A summary is useful when specific details in the source are unimportant or irrelevant to your research question. You may find you can summarize several paragraphs or even an entire article or chapter in just a few sentences without losing useful information. It is a good idea to note when your entry contains a summary to remind you later that it omits detailed information. See Paraphrasing and Summarizing for more detailed information and examples of quotations, paraphrases, and summaries and when to use them.

Other Systems for Organizing Research Logs and Digital Note-Taking

Students often become frustrated and at times overwhelmed by the quantity of materials to be managed in the research process. If this is your first time working with both primary and secondary sources, finding ways to keep all of the information in one place and well organized is essential.

Because gathering primary evidence may be a relatively new practice, this section is designed to help you navigate the process. As mentioned earlier, information gathered in fieldwork is not catalogued, organized, indexed, or shelved for your convenience. Obtaining it requires diligence, energy, and planning. Online resources can assist you with keeping a research log. Your college library may have subscriptions to tools such as Todoist or EndNote. Consult with a librarian to find out whether you have access to any of these. If not, use something like the template shown in Figure 1, or another like it, as a template for creating your own research notes and organizational tool. You will need to have a record of all field research data as well as the research log for all secondary sources.

Attribution & References

Except where otherwise noted, this section is adapted from “ 13.5 Research Process: Making Notes, Synthesizing Information, and Keeping a Research Log ” In  Writing Guide with Handbook (OpenStax) by Michelle Bachelor Robinson, Maria Jerskey and featuring Toby Fulwiler, licensed under CC BY 4.0 .

Access for free at Writing Guide with Handbook (OpenStax)

Chai, B. C., van der Voort, J. R., Grofelnik, K., Eliasdottir, H. G., Klöss, I., Perez-Cueto, J. A. (2019). Which diet has the least environmental impact on our planet? A systematic review of vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous diets.  Sustainability , 11 (40), 4110.  https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154110

English for Degree Entrance Preparation Copyright © by Carrie Molinski and Sue Slessor is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Designing Better Research Assignments

• Do's and Don'ts
• Unresearch Paper
• Everything But the Paper
• Compare Sources

Research Log

• Research Questions
• Course Research Guides
• Shopping for a Research Topic
• Class Discussion Topics

Have students keep a diary of their research process for their assignment/project. Diary entries could include:

• Descriptions of research sessions including their most productive (as well as least productive) search strings (including any limits).
• Record which research tools were used as well as best keywords or subject terms.
• Reflections on how their approach to researching the topic potentially changed (or not) based on search results and 'reading' the search results.
• Summarize pivot points during the research process where the students decided to broaden or narrow their topic.  Students reflect on why and how they pivoted from their original question/topic.
• Option: Student records a short, narrated screenrecording of their research process, reflecting on what they learned during this process.
• Database Searching Screenrecording Assignment Sample assignment instructions created by an Ohio State Librarian. Students demonstrate their ability to use a database.

University of Connecticut Library. Alternatives to Research Papers. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://lib.uconn.edu/services/instruction/alternatives-to-research-papers/

• << Previous: Compare Sources
• Next: Research Questions >>
• Last Updated: May 7, 2024 9:06 AM
• URL: https://montclair.libguides.com/design-research-assignments

ENGL 1001: Written Expression

• Library Tutorials
• Before You Search

Introduction & Materials

Sample research log.

• Things to Notice in the Sample Log
• Find Articles
• Cite Your Sources
• Ask a Librarian This link opens in a new window

As you conduct your research for Portfolio Two, we ask that you keep track of your research process by using a Research Log. The research log can help you:

• Keep track of what you are looking for and how that changes during the process
• Keep track of where and how you looked for information
• Reflect on what you've done and identify next steps
• Prepare you to have a conversation about your research with your instructor, a librarian, or a Writing Center tutor.
• Research Log Use this track and assess your progress as you look for research information.

Here is the first page of research log for a person just starting to do their research.

Observations

• << Previous: Before You Search
• Next: Find Articles >>
• Last Updated: Sep 20, 2024 1:52 PM
• URL: https://researchguides.uvm.edu/english1

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Why You Need a Genealogy Research Log (and How to Create One)

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Let’s face it: genealogy research logs aren’t really the most exciting of topics, and they can feel like a chore. But they are the key to effective genealogy and, arguably, the most important tool you can use to keep track of and direct your research. In fact, using a research log can be the number one way you can transform your research sessions into results. So, how do you make logging your research into a good habit? It’s easier than you think.

Why Do I Need a Research Log?

When it comes to your genealogy, research logs help you keep track of your information, including your thoughts and theories. Your logs are where you can keep track of what you haven’t found, which is often just as important as what you have. Better yet, research logs provide you with the space for working through your research. You can analyze the information you have, compare it with other data and resolve conflicts, and include your theories and thoughts—all without cluttering up your tree.

Most importantly, research logs direct your research. If your searching brings up more questions you want to explore, your research log is the prime place to keep track of them—and then return to them later, after you’ve finished researching your current project. Those logs help you quickly pick up where you left off rather than having to go back over your previous work and they allow you to spend more time searching than re-searching. This keeps you on track with your current project, while creating a handy list for future research.

How Do I Create a Research Log?

1. choose your preferred tool and template.

There are plenty of different types of genealogy research logs, ranging from a glorified to-do list or a simple word document to multi-page spreadsheets. Some people use a notebook or journal, and others do all their tracking in Evernote, Trello or some other app. Determine what information you want to keep track of. Then, create a new template (or adapt an existing template) to reflect what you need and what you’ll actually use.

For the minimalist, “genealogy guy” Thomas MacEntee advises that your log should keep track of what you did and what you found with a “to-do list with a little more flavor.” The goal of the research log is to avoid having to go back over stuff repeatedly, so the information you include should be something you can re-create and understand at a glance. And, he advises, keeping your source citations in your research log is invaluable. MacEntee has offered up his free research log template for your use on his website.

For another professional approach, Janine Adams, author of Organize Your Family History, shares her informal research log using Evernote here.

Your research log is a great place to keep all of those source citations, links and notations that you’ve made. While those bits can be tiresome, your research log makes them easier to keep track of because you’re already logging some of the key details, like when you conducted the search and where you looked, along with what records you found. If you establish a template for the source citation itself within the research log, you’ll be able to document quickly and without having to think too much about it.

2. Establish a Workflow

No matter how you tackle a research session, establish a workflow that incorporates your log and you’ll find the habit forms quickly. For example, why not end every research session by making notes in your research log? Include not only what you’ve found, but your next steps. Then, the next time you sit down to research, your to-do list is ready and waiting.

3. Start Logging!

Once you’ve chosen your template and determined a workflow, you’re ready to start logging! Begin using your log as you research, and make notes for how you can further refine your process so it’s the most beneficial for you. Keeping a research log may feel tedious at first, but it will be be well worth the effort. Happy researching!

Last updated August 2024.

Vanessa Wieland

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Using Local Libraries for Genealogy Research

Libraries and Archives, Research

• University of Texas Libraries
• UT Libraries

Information Literacy Toolkit

Research log.

• Welcome to the Toolkit
• Assignment design rubric for research assignments
• Information Literacy rubric
• Annotated Bibliography
• Avoiding Plagiarism Tutorial
• Background Information and Class Expert
• Citation managers and research organization skills
• Comparing Sources
• Developing a Research Question
• Developing and Researching a Controversy
• Digital Projects
• Everything But the Paper
• News and Media Literacy
• Primary Source Literacy
• How to Read a Scholarly Source (humanities)
• How to Read a Scholarly Source (sciences/social sciences)
• Research Question Abstract
• Self-Guided Tour of PCL This link opens in a new window
• Source Analysis/Evaluation
• Using Scholarly Sources (Synthesizing Sources)
• Why Use Sources Exercise
• Write for Wikipedia
• LAH 350: Treasure Hunt in Campus Archives: Discovering Islands of Order, Creating Original Humanities Research Projects
• RHE 368C: Writing Center Internship
• TC 302: Pathways to Civic Engagement
• UGS 303: Jerusalem
• UGS 303: Modern Day Slavery
• UGS 302: Social Inequality and Education in Latin America
• UGS 302: Tales of Troy
• Guides for Students
• Open Educational Resources (OERs) This link opens in a new window

Assignment Description

• Request a tailored assignment or session with a librarian

Suggested web-based solutions for research logs

• Google Drive (Documents) Google Documents are easy to use, can be accessed from any device at any time, and allow students and the instructor to see who is contributing with the "history" feature. - Cons - at least one student must have a Google account. - Pros - easy to see who has added what, can be shared with group members who don't have an account
• Padlet Padlet users can create a virtual bulletin board where they can post links and text, organized any way. - Cons - At least one student (or the instructor) has to have an account - Pros - easy to organize items by topic, flexible, easy to use.
• Toolkit Feedback If you use toolkit materials or notice an omission, please give us feedback.
• Research Log Assignment - Google Drive Link
• Research Log Assignment - Download Link
• Research Log Rubric
• Last Updated: Apr 11, 2024 7:44 AM
• URL: https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/toolkit

What Are Research Logs and Why Should I Use Them?

What is the difference between to-do lists and research logs.

A to-do list is just that… a simple list of things you need to do. It might be writing a letter, making a phone call, looking up a date, or any number of other things.

A research log on the other hand is a list of all the sources you have looked at towards a single research goal. Your research log lets you easily trace back through the documents you have looked at, and if done properly, your research log can even lay out your research plan for that goal.

Creating a Research Log

The first step in creating a research log is to define your research goal. That research goal might be very general, like “All sources I have looked at regarding James Brown.” But it might also be quite specific, like “All sources I have looked at to try and determine where James Brown was born.” Research logs are particularly useful for trying to knock down those brick walls, so be as specific about the particular problem as you can.

Log Your Research

Once you have a goal defined, you simply keep track of every source you look at towards that goal. Every time you do a search, record the following information:

• The date of the search
• What you were looking for
• What source you looked at
• Where the source was located
• The results of your search

When should you record a search in your log? Here are 3 situations:

• You searched and found something you were looking for This is what most people think of when you mention a research log… a list of all the sources you looked at and found useful information in.
• You searched and didn’t find what you were looking for Why bother keeping track of sources that didn’t have what you were looking for? How about to remind you that you don’t need to keep checking that same document every year when it hasn’t changed for the last hundred years?
• You want to search a document but haven’t had a chance yet By adding sources that you want to look at to your research log, you are creating a plan of attack for your goal (also known as a research plan). Write down what you want to find and where you plan to look. When you finally get the chance to view that document you can add the search date and the results of your search.

Be Specific

When recording a search in your log, try to be as specific as possible about what you are looking for, where you looked, and what you found. It’s easy to get lazy and just put something like:

Searching for information about James Brown in the 1880 census and didn’t find anything.

You will find that as your genealogical skills improve (from taking classes, attending conferences, and just plain old practice), you will discover that there is usually more than one way to analyze a particular record. If your research logs are too general, you may not remember what specific information you looked for, which particular form you viewed, or even what it was that you didn’t find 😉

If you are looking for a birth date, say that you were looking for a birth date.  If you are later looking for christening information you will be able to see that you weren’t specifically looking for that at the time, so you may want to check the source again.  Of course if you recorded that you didn’t find that birth date but did find a christening date, you won’t have to go back and recheck it later.

If you are looking in the 1880 US Census Population Schedule for Podunk, NY, make sure to record that specifically.  If you happen to find it online, also record the link to the original.  One note though… do not skip recording the information just because you have the link… links can disappear !

Using RootsMagic 5’s New Research Logs

RootsMagic 5 added a full feature Research Manager which lets you create unlimited research logs using the techniques I’ve described above.  You can create research logs for people, families, events, places, or just plain old general research logs.  To see RootsMagic’s research logs in action, visit:

http://www.rootsmagic.com/webinars

and watch the free webinar #32 “New Research Log and Manager in RootsMagic 5”.

5 thoughts to “What Are Research Logs and Why Should I Use Them?”

Great information on how to do a Research Log, I have done much research but never put anything into a log to show what I have looked at to get the info I have. This will help much. I am going back to enter all the Sources I have looked into so I have a record of where I went and what I have found. I will have to relook at some to see if they have positive or negetive results. Thanks so much for all the work you do on these Webnars they have been very helpful to me a novice in genealogy.

how to do a Research Log, I have done much research but never put anything into a log to show what I have looked at to get the info I have. This will help much.see example

I have dial up. It takes too long to download. Very interested in webinars. Thank you for having them

We do sell the Webinars on CD. There are 10 webinars on each CD. You can purchase them at: http://www.rootsmagic.com/Store/ ?

I haven’t done much as far as using a research log but plan on starting to use one from now on.

Comments are closed.

How a Research Log Will Transform Your Family History Research

Last Updated August 20, 2021

This lesson about research logs is part of our online Organization for Family Historians course. To access the entire 36 lesson course, associated hands-on activities and quizzes, and digital workbook (which includes a fillable research log) check out our Course Center .

Have you ever excitedly visited an online research site (or physical archive) and considered with awe the vast collection of records available to you, but had no idea where to begin your research? Or, perhaps, you’ve spent hours researching a single person only to lose or forget much of what you learned and where exactly you learned it. Maybe you’ve even walked away from your research for a few weeks and then been completely confused about where to pick it up again when you returned?

This has happened to most of us, and it absolutely will happen if you don’t use a research log. Research logs have long been one of the most important tools for the organized genealogist, for good reason.

What is a Family History Research Log?

It’s a document that tells you what you’ve researched, what you’ve found, what you didn’t find, and what research you still need to tackle on a person or family group. They are sometimes printed out – but can also be found in fillable, digital form like the one included in our Family History Workbook .

When you use a research log during your genealogy journey, your research is always moving forward and you’re not wasting precious time and expense retracing your steps, doing the same search over and over or, of course, standing in the middle of a repository with no clue what to do next.

Genealogy Without a Research Log = Insanity?

These days it’s super easy to pull up your ancestor’s profile in your online system, hit the “Search” button, and click in and out of the hundreds (or thousands) of records that magically appear on your results page. Along with hints, this search process can uncover a lot of obvious records that you’re pretty sure belong to your ancestor.

If you save that record to your tree, the system adds not only the information you’ve selected to pull from the source, but also a neat little source citation and image of the original record (if applicable). That’s all well and good, but it’s not actually how thorough genealogy research should be conducted. Theoretically, you should search for one life event or fact for one family or ancestor at a time.

For example, you see that the birthdate and birthplace for your third-great-grandfather is blank in your family group sheet (see the previous lesson). Your task at that time should be ONLY to search relevant sources for that person’s birthdate and birthplace, not everything you can turn up about his entire life history.

When you’re armed with a research log, searching for a birthdate and birthplace won’t be daunting or distracting. Your log will remind you of the ancestor you’re researching (third-great-grandfather Andrew Williams) and the objective of your research (find Andrew’s birthdate and birthplace).

You will list which sources you’re going to research (county censuses for specific timespan, births and christening indexes, baptismal records, etc.). Once you’ve searched one source, you write down what you found, including an accurate citation of the source. That way, the next time you work on this same objective you won’t duplicate your efforts.

In this way your research log becomes an index to the research you’ve already performed; something you can refer back to anytime you’re researching that particular family group. You’ll know when you researched, what you looked at, what you found, and be able to easily plan what to do next.

You’ve probably heard that the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and getting the same results. Research logs can keep you from driving yourself crazy!

Where Can I Find a Research Log?

As with other genealogy forms, there are multiple variations of research log templates, and you can always create your own custom version with features you’re most likely to use. The template we’ve included in our digital workbook in our Course Center can be used for the purpose of tracking a specific objective (such as finding parents, an occupation or the location of a birth place and location) or for a more general search for a specific ancestor or even a family group.

It includes the following spaces:

• Your ancestor’s name
• The objective of that research
• Date of your search
• Collection searched and its location
• Discoveries based on the search of that collection
• Your objective outcome

Getting Started With Research Logs

If you’re taking our Organization Course as a beginning genealogist, you have the supreme advantage of being able to start off fresh with your new organizational plan and blank research tools. If you’re an advanced or long-time family historian with stacks of photocopies culled from decades of research, you may be questioning whether research logs are a realistic option.

Our recommendation for those who’ve never used a research log before is to  start now and go forward, but don’t try to go back and recreate previous research efforts . Once you organize your paper and digital information into family group files, you can create a research log for individuals or groups as you conduct research on a particular family.

Ready? Let’s begin!

Before You Research

A research log is just as important to your research plan as it is for recording your results. Before you visit a repository or go online to search a database, take a moment to start your research log.  Go ahead and fill in the date you’re researching, the purpose/objective of the search, and most importantly, the sources you know you need to search.

Knowing sources you’ll need to review will require planning and some preliminary research. Most libraries and archives offer a listing of their resources on the facility’s website or in an online catalog. This step will also save you a wasted trip to a facility that doesn’t hold the records you need to search.

You’ll also want to write down how you plan to achieve the results you need, and the questions you’re asking. Questions like, “Who are Charlie Malone’s parents?” and “Why was the Malone family in Chambers County in 1880?” remind you of your purpose when you’re tempted to scamper down a rabbit hole.

If you need help developing research questions that will help you complete your research objectives, please review the Developing Research Questions section of our  Master Course .

Results and Negative Evidence

Another goal of your research log is to show the results of your search, whether those are positive or negative. Negative results are just as important as positive finds. If you thoroughly search a source and don’t find your answer, then you’ll know not to search that source again.

As you conduct your research, using your research log as a guide, make notes of your results in the designated column. Your method for recording results can be a simple comment or a system of symbols — it’s up to you.

Here are some examples often seen in research log systems:

Positive results  — Name of person found or event, the document number you’ve assigned to the results (if you’ve made a photocopy), or the family group file name the results belong to. You’ll also want to create a footnote citation for this source right away while you still have the source (and all of its pertinent information) in front of you.

Negative results  — The word “Nil,” the Ø symbol, or for best results, what you were searching for and didn’t find, such as “No adult males aged 25 to 35 named Williams.” When you don’t find something, you might also make a note to do some future research in a different type of record or another area to search — maybe even in a neighboring county.

By methodically marking your results in your research log as you go, you create a clear account of what’s been done and what needs to be done next, because blanks in your Results column indicate work yet to be completed.

In some cases, your results will be inconclusive or incomplete. Maybe you ran out of time as a library was closing and had to stop midway through your review of a newspaper on microfilm. Or perhaps you only checked the index of a book and not the relevant chapters. If your search was online, maybe an index isn’t available and you’re having to slog through thousands of digital images in a collection of wills.

Making notes of your exact actions and stopping points will save you lots of time and help you better manage your next research visit.

In a recorded presentation on FamilySearch about the importance of research logs, genealogist G. David Dilts, AG® explains how crucial it is to document as you go, complete your research log, and to transfer this information to your family group sheet and other records immediately after you return from your trip or close down the search program.

“You need to do these things before you lay your head on the pillow,” he says. “I consider these things to be the essential part of the most important principle that I can think of in genealogy — that you organize as you go.”

If you’re keeping your main working family tree online, either in software or in a program like MyHeritage, Ancestry, or FamilySearch, part of your documentation process is adding these new positive findings to those records.

This is a simple step in most every program. In Ancestry, for example, you’d simply click the “Add Source” field on an ancestor’s profile page.

Next, you’d complete the form using Ancestry’s drop-downs and by filling in the blanks:

If your source is not listed in Ancestry’s drop-down menu, click “Create a New Source” to enter the citation information you recorded about the source on your research log. This creates a solid, easy-to-follow citation within your ancestor’s profile.

For more help with Ancestry, see our Ancestry Crash Course .

PRO-TIP: It’s worth repeating here: Don’t try to go back and create research logs for every family file or member during your process of organizing your genealogy collection. Instead, wait until you’ve worked through organizing your material into family files in the next lessons. When you’re at a stopping point, choose one or two family files as your research focus, and complete a family group sheet and research log(s) for your research going forward.

Adding to Your Research Log

It’s not only onsite or online research that you should enter into your research log. Any information you receive from a cousin by email, letter, or personal interview relating to a particular family group should be added to your research log and filed in your family group file. Every piece of information is a potential clue to your ancestor’s story.

When you add every search or bit of a clue to your research log the right way, and keep your personal organization system going, it’s incredibly rewarding to go back to the log the next time you search and see what all you’ve accomplished. The fillable version of the form we have provided allows you to make changes, or additions, right on your computer. You may also like to take advantage of the fillable Notes page as well for more details about your searches.

To complete a hands-on lesson that will help you get familiar with research logs and access the form sign up here .

1 thought on “How a Research Log Will Transform Your Family History Research”

I was directed to your website and this article by the New York Jewish Genealogical Society’s Winter 2022 edition of their journal, Dorot. This is wonderful. I feel like saying, ” where have been all of my life!” The truth is that after starting on my family’s genealogy in 2009, it is really only in the past year that I have come to understand the purpose and need for a “research journal.” I have asked a number of people in a number of places as to how to go about doing this, but have never received a reply. For the past two “lock down” years I have taken a break from actually working on the tree, but have zoomed in on many programs and have done a lot of history reading. I am ready to dig in again and am very excited about your helping me on the right path. Thank you! Thank you!

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How to Write a Research Report Log

How to Write a Dissertation Summary

Writing a research report log involves gathering and exploring research ideas. You enter how you develop your research topic. Information is entered chronologically regarding your research activities and includes the decisions you make along the way, as well as how the new information changes your perception and opinions regarding the subject you are researching. A log helps you keep track of the exploration of the subject of your research.

Type your research log entries into your personal computer. In today's world where personal computers have become so ubiquitous, you will save a lot of time by researching and typing notes directly into your computer. Make sure your computer is reliable so you do not lose your research data. Remember that one of the benefits of log reporting is that it enables you to learn organizational skills.

Pick a topic for your research paper. Start your log by entering information on how you weighed various research ideas. Enter into your log what topics you evaluated and how you ended up with the choice you made. If you sought assistance from a professor or your classmates, cite that in your log notes. Writing a research log is a discovery process, so make sure you include everything that intrigues you as you explore your subject.

Do not forget to enter research information such as library sources, online resources and interviews with classmates or experts. Make sure your notes are clear and written chronologically. This is crucial because the notes will form the basis of the annotated bibliography of your research paper. Make writing notes into your journal a daily routine to avoid procrastination.

Enter dates you used for each source, citing information and all the data that you consider relevant to your research. For instance, you could indicate you went to the Library of Congress on January 11, 2011, and found an article on how political vitriol endangers the lives of elected officials, if you are trying to explore the increasing divide between Americans on the right and left of the political spectrum. Write why the contents of the article are relevant to your research. Does the article expand your research web? Indicate whether you agree with the assertion of the article.

Cite the author and publication in which the article was printed. Take notes extensively to give you enough material to work with when writing your research and producing your annotated bibliography. You will need to cite works you gleaned your research data from when you finally write your paper. Works cited and annotated notes are similar in their functions. They appear at the end of your research paper on a separate page and list all the sources in your paper in alphabetical order. Take detailed notes during research to make writing your annotated bibliography easier.

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Gilbert Manda has written financial news since 2000. He holds a professional diploma from the London School of Journalism, a Bachelor of Science in global business and public policy from the University of Maryland and a Master of Arts in international journalism from City University London.

Learn Genealogy – Research Logs & Research Planning

A side note: I have a confession to make… I’m addicted… to software… to saving time… to making my job easier.  I will take EXTRA TIME to learn software that will ultimately save me tons of time. I’m a huge believer in making the software do the work for me.  Therefore, learn the basics of spreadsheets.  You don’t have to do math for this, I promise. So here’s my… “kill-two-birds-with-one-stone” research tip.     Use your Research Planning in combination with your Research Log … by  using spreadsheets !    Especially when researching on location, time always seems to be in short supply. As long as you need to keep a Research Log… and you need to properly and strategically plan your research , why not do them both in one document .  This is especially helpful when planning for research trips. Here’s how:  Use your favorite spreadsheet (like Excel or Google Sheets) and create a Research Log and Research Plan on one page .  Next, develop a research question for a given ancestor or family group, then create a prioritized plan in your spreadsheet that looks like a Research Log except it doesn’t have the results yet.  However, with advanced planning, it should already have the item…  say a book, the author, the location, etc. in the Research Plan/Log in advance of your actual research .  Then when you’re at the library, archive you can follow the prioritized plan and save valuable time, by not having to write down every detail when time is short.  You should do this at home too.

By doing this, you can also embed web links to the source with one click, you’ll have the start of a source citations, and the results you found collectively in one place. In t his example, I used different tabs across the bottom for different counties, I was researching on a trip to Salt Lake City. You can store the spreadsheet on your computer or use a cloud service like Google Sheets for easy access anywhere. Keep in mind, that web links and cloud based documents will need access to the internet while researching on location.  Most libraries, archives and, public locations have free access to the internet.  I prefer to use my “Personal Hotspot” found in the Settings on my cell phone, because its private and I find it to be faster than most public wifi services. However, cell phone “Hotspots” are only as good as the cell service at the location. With Research Logs, the results (positive or negative), the facts found, the source information , are all in one place .  From here you can cut and paste your positive finding and source information into your Research Notes .   All of this is a vital time saver, helps prevent repeating the same research, and will help you to accurately prove your lineage. I’ve created a free Excel template you can download here.  Research Log Template I hope this helps you as much as it has for me. I was not a fan of keeping Research Logs in the past.  But when you’re out at the library or on a trip, time is always in short supply. Once I started really making good research plans in an effort to save time, I realized that I could keep the results on the same page. Then I started doing all of that on my little Surface Pro (which I absolutely love for genealogy), my research techniques drastically improved.   Now, not only do I have a detailed research plan, and research log, I have the beginnings of my next step to write my research notes and source citations. Many times, if I write the positive findings clearly in my research log, I simply cut and paste them into my research notes. Make sure you reference that you have a research log in your research notes, so you can continue on for the next trip. Lastly, I file them just like I do for my research notes… SURNAME, First Name and Research Log.  I preface also preface it with a 2 so that that file rises to 2nd place in that person’s electronic folder. Another tip: I’ve started using Google Drive, Docs and Sheets so that I can access these documents on any device. That may or may not be an option for you, but I’ve found the Google Docs and Google Sheets to be the most reliable of the cloud based document sharing.   Sometimes, before a big trip to say… Salt Lake City… I’ll upload my family files to Google Docs so I can access and edit them from anywhere on any device (as long as you have your login). If you found this helpful… Comments are welcome at the bottom of the page.  How do you use research logs? Follow  this blog at the link above. Subscribe to the NCAncestry YouTube Channel. Subscribe to the  Learn Genealogy YouTube Channe l. Take Our Poll

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Prints a research log (task folder).

To print a research log:

1. Select the Publish page

2. Select "All reports and charts"

3. Select "Research Log"

4. Select your options from the Reports Settings panel:

A. Folder - Select which folder (research log) to print

B. Filter - Choose how you want to filter the tasks. RootsMagic will open the Filter Tasks form for you to customize your list.

C. Sort by - Choose how you want to filter your list

• Task Name

• Start date

• End date

• Status

• Priority

• Ref #

D. Date - Include date column

E. Ref# - Include ref# column

F. Goal - Include goal column

G. Source - Include source column

H. Repository - Include repository column

I. Result - Include result column

J. Preparer - Choose whether to print preparer info at the end of the report

5. Choose the various layout and style settings for the report

6. Click the "Generate Report" button to generate the report and display it in the Report Viewer. From there you can modify the report settings, send the report to your printer, or save the report to disk.

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Research Logs: Part 1

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How to Start Research Paper: A Comprehensive Guide for Students

Writing a research paper can feel like a big challenge, but it doesn't have to be! This guide will help you understand the steps needed to create a great research paper. From picking a topic to writing your introduction, we’ll cover everything you need to know to get started on the right foot.

Key Takeaways

• Understanding the structure of a research paper is essential; each section serves a specific purpose.
• Choosing a topic that interests you will keep you motivated throughout your research.
• Doing preliminary research helps you find credible sources and key literature.
• A strong thesis statement clearly defines your research question and argument.
• Properly citing sources is crucial to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

Understanding The Research Paper Structure

A research paper is a carefully organized document that presents the results of your investigation on a specific topic. Understanding its structure is crucial for effective writing. This structure typically includes several key components:

Components Of A Research Paper

• Title Page : This is the first page, containing the title of your paper, your name, and other relevant details.
• Abstract : A brief summary of your research, usually around 150-250 words.
• Introduction : This section introduces your topic, provides background information, and states your thesis.
• Literature Review : Here, you summarize existing research related to your topic, highlighting gaps your study will address.
• Methodology : This part explains how you conducted your research, including data collection and analysis methods.
• Results : Present the findings of your research, often with tables or graphs for clarity.
• Discussion : Analyze your results, discussing their implications and how they relate to your thesis.
• Conclusion : Summarize your findings and suggest areas for future research.
• References : A list of all the sources you cited in your paper.

Importance Of Each Section

Each section of a research paper serves a specific purpose:

• The introduction sets the stage for your research.
• The literature review shows your understanding of the field.
• The methodology provides transparency about your research process.
• The results and discussion sections allow you to present and interpret your findings.
• The conclusion ties everything together and emphasizes the significance of your work.

Common Formatting Styles

Different academic fields often require specific formatting styles. Here are a few common ones:

• APA (American Psychological Association) : Common in social sciences.
• MLA (Modern Language Association) : Often used in humanities.
• Chicago/Turabian : Used in history and some other disciplines.

Understanding these components and their importance will help you create a well-structured research paper. For additional support, consider resources like the Research Proposal Compass , which offers templates and guidance for crafting high-quality proposals. This can ease the process and enhance your academic success.

Selecting An Engaging Research Topic

Choosing a research topic is a crucial step in your academic journey. This decision shapes the entire direction of your paper. Here are some key aspects to consider:

Identifying Your Interests

Start by reflecting on what excites you. Make a list of subjects that you find enjoyable and fulfilling. This will help you stay motivated throughout your research. Think about how these interests can connect to your field of study.

Evaluating Topic Feasibility

Once you have a list of potential topics, assess their feasibility. Consider the availability of data and resources. A realistic topic will make it easier to support your arguments and structure your paper effectively. For example, if you’re interested in childhood diseases, narrow it down to something specific like juvenile diabetes. This will help you focus your research and make it more manageable.

Narrowing Down Your Focus

To refine your topic, break it down into smaller parts. Here’s a quick checklist to help you narrow it down:

• Identify the core aspects of your subject.
• Look for subtopics or issues within the main topic.
• Consider different perspectives or angles.
• Determine the scope of your research.

By aligning your topic with your interests and ensuring it has enough resources, you set the stage for a research paper that is both engaging and academically sound. Don't hesitate to consult resources like the Thesis Action Plan by Research Rebels for structured guidance on topic selection and research strategies. Remember, a well-chosen topic is the foundation of a successful research paper!

Conducting Preliminary Research

Before you start writing your research paper, it's essential to conduct preliminary research. This step helps you gather a broad understanding of your topic and ensures you have a solid foundation for your work. Starting early can save you time and effort later on.

Utilizing Academic Databases

Begin by exploring various academic databases and library resources. These platforms provide access to a wealth of scholarly articles, books, and other materials. Here are some steps to guide you:

• Identify relevant databases for your field of study.
• Use specific keywords related to your topic to narrow down your search.
• Skim through the results to find useful sources, setting aside those that seem promising for a deeper read later.

Identifying Key Literature

As you gather information, focus on identifying key literature that relates to your topic. This includes:

• Primary sources : Firsthand accounts like original research articles.
• Secondary sources : Reviews or analyses of primary research.

Understanding the difference between these sources is crucial. For instance, the experimental research roadmap can guide you through the complexities of your topic, helping you identify what has already been studied and what gaps exist.

Assessing Source Credibility

Not all sources are created equal. To ensure the quality of your research, evaluate the credibility of each source. Consider the following:

• Authority : Who is the author? Are they an expert in the field?
• Objectivity : Is the source biased, or does it present balanced information?
• Relevance : Does the source directly relate to your research question?

By following these steps, you will lay a solid foundation for your research and be well-prepared to delve into more specific inquiries. Remember, conducting thorough preliminary research is key to developing a focused and effective research paper.

Crafting A Strong Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement is essential for guiding your research paper. It acts as the backbone of your argument, providing clarity and direction. Your thesis should be specific, debatable, and supported by evidence. Here’s how to create an effective thesis statement:

Defining Your Research Question

• Start by identifying the main question your research addresses. This question should be clear and focused, allowing you to explore it thoroughly.
• Ensure that your question is debatable, meaning others can have different opinions on it.

Articulating Your Argument

• Your thesis statement should clearly express your position on the topic. Avoid vague language and be assertive in your claims.
• For example, instead of saying, "Many people think that climate change is a problem," you could say, "Climate change poses a significant threat to global ecosystems and requires immediate action."

Aligning With Research Objectives

• Make sure your thesis aligns with the objectives of your research. This will help you stay focused and organized as you write.
• Regularly revisit your thesis statement to ensure it still reflects your argument as your paper develops.

In summary, crafting a strong thesis statement is crucial for your research paper. It not only guides your writing but also engages your readers by presenting a clear argument. For more tips on how to write a thesis fast and how to write thesis easily , consider resources like the Thesis Dialogue Blueprint that offer structured approaches to thesis writing. Remember, a well-defined thesis can make a significant difference in the quality of your work!

Developing A Comprehensive Outline

Creating a detailed outline is essential for organizing your research paper effectively. A well-structured outline serves as a roadmap that guides you through the writing process, ensuring that you cover all necessary points and maintain a logical flow.

Structuring Your Ideas

Begin by identifying the main topics and subtopics you want to address in your paper. This can be done through brainstorming or free writing. Here’s a simple approach to get started:

• List your main ideas.
• Break down each idea into subtopics.
• Organize these subtopics in a logical order.

Creating Logical Flow

Once you have your main topics and subtopics, arrange them in a way that makes sense. Consider the following:

• Start with your thesis statement at the top.
• Use Roman numerals (I, II, III) for major sections.
• Label supporting points with capital letters (A, B, C).
• Include any relevant evidence or examples under each point.

This method not only helps in organizing your thoughts but also ensures that you don’t miss any critical information.

Incorporating Supporting Evidence

Don’t forget to include supporting evidence in your outline. This is crucial for backing up your arguments. Here’s how to do it:

• Under each subtopic, jot down key points from your research.
• Note down the sources you plan to use for each point.
• This will help you stay organized and prevent important details from slipping through the cracks.

By following these steps, you can create a comprehensive outline that will make the writing process smoother and more efficient. Remember, a solid outline is the foundation of a successful research paper!

Choosing Appropriate Research Methodologies

When embarking on your research journey, selecting the right methodology is crucial. This choice will shape how you collect and analyze data, ultimately influencing your findings. Your methodology should align with your research question and objectives.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Approaches

Understanding the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods is essential:

• Qualitative Methods : These focus on exploring ideas and understanding experiences. They often involve interviews, observations, and case studies.
• Quantitative Methods : These are about numbers and statistics. They help test hypotheses and analyze data through surveys and experiments.
• Mixed Methods : Combining both approaches can provide a comprehensive view of your research question.

Selecting Data Collection Methods

Choosing how to gather your data is another key step. Here are some common methods:

Justifying Your Methodology Choice

It's important to explain why you chose a particular methodology. Consider the following:

• How does it fit your research question?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of your chosen method?
• How will it help you achieve your research objectives?

By carefully selecting and justifying your methodology, you ensure that your research is both credible and impactful. For more guidance, resources like Research Rebels can provide valuable insights into effective research practices.

Writing The Introduction Effectively

Engaging your audience.

To start your introduction, hook your reader with an interesting fact or a thought-provoking question. This initial engagement is crucial as it sets the tone for your entire research paper. Think of it as the trailer for a movie; it should entice your audience to want to know more.

Presenting Background Information

Next, provide some context for your topic. This means explaining why your research is important and what background information your readers need to understand your work. You want to strike a balance—too little context can leave your audience confused, while too much can bore them. Aim for clarity and relevance.

Stating Your Thesis Clearly

Finally, clearly state your thesis statement. This is the core argument of your paper, and it should be concise and direct. Your thesis will guide the rest of your research, so make sure it reflects the main points you will discuss. Remember, a strong thesis is essential for a successful paper.

Quick Checklist for Your Introduction

• Hook your reader with an engaging opening.
• Provide necessary background information .
• Clearly state your thesis.
• Outline your approach to the topic.

By following these steps, you can craft an introduction that not only captures attention but also lays a solid foundation for your research paper. If you're looking for more guidance, consider using resources like the [ Writing Wizard's Template ](https://www.researchrebels.com/products/writing-wizards-template) to help structure your introduction effectively. This can alleviate some of the stress associated with writing your thesis and help you learn how to write dissertation fast .

Conducting A Thorough Literature Review

A literature review is a crucial step in your research journey. It helps you understand what has already been studied and where your work can fit in. By conducting a thorough literature review, you can identify gaps in existing research and build a strong foundation for your own study.

Identifying Gaps In Existing Research

To start, you need to define your research question. This will guide your search for relevant literature. Here are some steps to help you:

• Define your research question clearly.
• Search for current, relevant, and reliable sources using academic databases.
• Analyze the literature critically to find key themes and debates.
• Synthesize findings to identify research gaps that your work could fill.

Synthesizing Key Findings

As you gather information, it’s important to organize your findings. You can use a literature review matrix to help you keep track of key points and themes. This will make it easier to see how different studies relate to each other and to your research question.

Establishing Context For Your Study

Finally, your literature review should not only summarize existing research but also set the stage for your own study. Make sure to connect your findings back to your research question and explain how your work will contribute to the field. This will demonstrate your understanding and help you build credibility.

In summary, a well-conducted literature review is essential for your research paper. It not only informs your study but also shows your engagement with the academic community. For more guidance, consider using tools like the Literature Navigator , which can help streamline your research process and enhance your efficiency.

Analyzing And Interpreting Data

Once you have gathered your data, the next step is to analyze and interpret it. This process involves organizing the data, identifying patterns, and drawing meaningful conclusions. Here’s how you can approach this crucial phase:

Data Analysis Techniques

• Organize your data systematically. This could involve sorting it into categories or using software tools to help manage it.
• Identify patterns and trends. Look for recurring themes or significant changes in your data that can help tell your research story.
• Use statistical analysis for quantitative data. Techniques like t-tests or chi-square tests can help you understand relationships between variables.
• Apply thematic analysis for qualitative data. This method allows you to sift through text and find recurring themes that support your research.

Drawing Conclusions

• Interpret the results in context. Consider how your findings relate to your research questions and the existing literature. For example, if you find that a particular skill is highly sought after in job postings, it might indicate its importance in the job market.
• Ensure your conclusions are valid and reliable. This means double-checking your data and analysis methods to confirm that your findings are accurate.

Presenting Your Findings

To effectively communicate your results, consider using tables and charts. Here’s a simple table format you can use:

Remember, the goal is not just to analyze but to interpret. What do the numbers mean in the context of your research? How do they support your thesis? Resources like "Unlocking the Secrets of Data" can provide further insights into effective data interpretation. Additionally, consider reading "An Engaging Journey Through Statistics" for a more enjoyable approach to understanding data analysis.

Citing Sources And Avoiding Plagiarism

Understanding citation styles.

Citing your sources is essential in academic writing. It not only gives credit to the original authors but also helps you avoid plagiarism. Different citation styles, like APA, MLA, and Chicago, have specific rules for formatting citations. Here’s a quick overview of common styles:

Properly Quoting And Paraphrasing

When you use someone else's ideas or words, you must cite them. Here are some tips:

• Quotation : Use the exact words from a source, placing them in quotation marks and citing the source.
• Paraphrasing : Rewrite the idea in your own words while still giving credit to the original author.
• Summarizing : Condense the main ideas of a source into a brief overview, and cite it.

Maintaining Academic Integrity

To keep your work original and ethical:

• Understand what plagiarism is and how to avoid it.
• Use plagiarism detection tools to check your work before submission.
• Always cite your sources, even if you’re unsure. It’s better to over-cite than to risk plagiarism.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your research paper is both credible and respectful of others' work. Remember, using tools like WhatsApp to discuss your findings with peers can also help clarify your understanding of proper citation practices.

In summary, proper citation is not just a formality; it’s a crucial part of academic writing that upholds integrity and respect for intellectual property.

Revising And Editing Your Draft

Revising and editing your draft is a crucial step in the writing process. This is where you refine your ideas and ensure your arguments are clear and compelling. Taking the time to revise can significantly enhance the quality of your research paper.

Seeking Feedback From Peers

• Share your draft with classmates or friends. Their fresh perspectives can help you identify areas that need improvement.
• Consider joining a study group where you can exchange feedback on each other's work.

Improving Clarity And Coherence

• Read your paper out loud. This can help you catch awkward phrases and unclear sentences.
• Check if each paragraph supports your thesis statement. If a paragraph doesn’t relate, consider revising or removing it.

Finalizing Your Research Paper

• After making revisions, proofread your paper for grammar and spelling errors. Tools like Grammarly can assist in this process.
• Ensure that all your sources are properly cited to maintain academic integrity . This is essential to avoid plagiarism, which can undermine your hard work.

By following these steps, you can transform your draft into a polished final product. For more detailed guidance, consider resources like the Interview Research Roadmap for mastering interview techniques or the Thesis Success Essentials for templates that can help streamline your writing process.

When you're done with your first draft, it's time to make it shine! Revising and editing are key steps that can turn a good paper into a great one. Don't let confusion hold you back— visit our website for helpful tips and tools that can guide you through the process. Start your journey to a polished thesis today!

In conclusion, starting a research paper can feel overwhelming, but it doesn't have to be. By following the steps outlined in this guide, students can approach the task with confidence. From picking a topic that interests you to organizing your research and writing clearly, each part is important. Remember, this process is not just about finishing an assignment; it's about learning and sharing your ideas with others. As you work on your paper, keep in mind that every step you take helps you grow as a writer and thinker. Embrace the challenge, and let your unique voice shine through in your work. Happy writing!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a research paper.

A research paper is a detailed piece of writing where you explore a topic, gather information, and present your findings. It shows what you've learned about a subject.

How do I choose a good topic for my research paper?

Pick a topic that interests you and has enough information available. Make sure it’s not too broad or too narrow.

What should I include in the introduction of my research paper?

In the introduction, you should introduce your topic, explain why it’s important, and state your main argument or thesis.

How do I create a strong thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement clearly expresses your main point or argument in one or two sentences. It should be specific and guide your research.

What is the purpose of a literature review?

A literature review summarizes existing research on your topic. It helps you understand what has already been studied and where your work fits in.

How do I avoid plagiarism in my research paper?

To avoid plagiarism, always give credit to the original authors when you use their ideas or words. Use proper citations for quotes and paraphrased content.

What are some tips for writing a strong conclusion?

In your conclusion, summarize your main points, restate your thesis in a new way, and discuss the significance of your findings.

How can I improve my research paper before submitting it?

Revise and edit your paper carefully. Check for clarity, grammar, and spelling. Getting feedback from peers or teachers can also help improve your work.

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Graduate student research support.

• Citation Management
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• Managing Research Data

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Research data management, research data management lifecycle, data management plans, managing data, data wrangling.

• Data Storage and Backup
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Data Curation Librarian

Digital Scholarship Services

The UCI Libraries Digital Scholarship Services (DSS) fosters the use of digital content and transformative technology in scholarship and academic activities. DSS works with the campus community to publish, promote, and preserve the digital products of research in several areas. DSS can help you with all stages of data management required by funding agencies:

• Write grant winning Data Management Plans
• Deposit data into repositories for access and preservation
• Capture metadata to allow re-use
• Create permanently resolvable hyperlinks
• Connect your data with your publications

This page provides a very basic overview of research data management. For more in-depth information on data management plans, managing, sharing and preserving data, and working with sensitive data, please visit the:

• Research Data Management guide

Whether you are working in the Humanities, Social Sciences, or STEM, you will likely be collecting and analyzing some type of data for your research. Oral histories, interviews, survey results - all of this is data. And there are various steps and standards for collecting and organizing your data. Not only will learning about these processes early help you establish good data maintenance practices, but oftentimes, you'll be ahead of the game when you go to publish something that requires your data also be publicly accessible.

Research Data Management Life Cycle (source:  UCSC )

Data management plans (DMPs) are now a standard part of grant proposals for most funding agencies. DMPs are formal documents that describe how data will be collected and managed during  research, and how data will be shared and made accessible after  a project is completed. Details include how data will be collected, documented, analyzed, transformed, and stored, and how data will be preserved and shared.

You may have already considered some or all of these issues but writing them down helps formalize the process, identify weaknesses in the plan, and provides a record of what you intend to do.

The DMPTool is a free resource that helps researchers create data management plans (DMP)  necessary to meet institutional and funding agency requirements. It provides customized templates for creating DMPs that guide researchers in addressing data-related requirements. This tool also provides links to funding agencies, best practices documentation for creating DMPs, and samples of public DMPs shared by their authors.

This video provides quick overview of the features of the easy to use DMPTool.  You can also use this self-help guide or schedule a consultation with a UCI librarian for additional support.

Managing data is an integral part of the research process.  How you manage your data depends on the type of data, how the data is collected, and how the data is used throughout the life cycle of the project.  Effective data management helps you organize your files and data for access and analysis.  It helps ensure the quality of your research and supports the published results of your research. 

More information is available on the following pages:

• Store : both storage and backup are essential to safeguarding your important data assets.
• Organize : effective file naming conventions is an investment of time and effort but they do save time / effort in the long run.
• Track: when creating new versions of files, record the changes made to the files and give the new version a unique name.

Do you need to clean up your data? Or transform it from one format to another? Do you need to fix inconsistencies?

Data wrangling - also called data cleaning, data remediation, or data munging - refers to a variety of processes designed to transform raw data into more readily used formats. The exact methods differ from project to project depending on the data you’re leveraging and the goal you’re trying to achieve.

Some examples of data wrangling include:

• Merging multiple data sources into a single dataset for analysis
• Identifying gaps in data (for example, empty cells in a spreadsheet) and either filling or deleting them
• Deleting data that’s either unnecessary or irrelevant to the project you’re working on
• Identifying extreme outliers in data and either explaining the discrepancies or removing them so that analysis can take place

Data wrangling can be a manual or automated process. Plagiarized from Harvard )

• OpenRefine (Canvas Workshop) OpenRefine is described as “a power tool for working with messy data” David Huynh - but what does this mean? It is probably easiest to describe the kinds of data OpenRefine is good at working with and the sorts of problems it can help you solve. Instructor: Danielle Kane, please contact [email protected] if you have any questions.
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• Last Updated: Sep 20, 2024 8:28 AM
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