excessive use of social media essay

Excessive Use of Social Media and its Effect

How it works

• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 SCIENTIFIC
• 5 CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Social media was first introduced in around 1979 when Usenet was launched; Usenet was the first recorded network that allowed users to post news to newsgroups (Fetos, Les, & Angelina, 2018). Ever since then, social media boomed to have around 3.5 billion users, most of which are adolescents around the ages of 10 to 19 (Esteban, 2019). The recent rise in social media has allowed for a much easier means of communicating and connecting with others; however, it poses several risks to the mind and the body and affects productivity and security.

Social media is said to detrimentally affect several aspects of one’s mental health and physical health. External influences such as those from social media platforms are more likely to demean the self-esteem of males and females, contributing to depression and anxiety. According to the National Center for Health Research, an estimated of 44.7 million adults aged 18 or older in the US had a mental illness in 2016; young adults aged 18-25 had the highest prevalence of any mental illness at 22.1% compared to adults aged 26-49 at 21.1% and aged 50 and older at 14.5% (Mir & Novas, 2018). Another study links the consistent usage of social media to risk factors for depression. A psychology professor at San Diego State University discovered that teens using social media for 5 or more hours a day were 71% more likely to have at least one risk factor for suicide compared to teens who spent only 1 hour a day online. This risk increases with only two or more hours spent online (Mir & Novas, 2018). Both of these studies help solidify the fact that the more social media is used, the higher the chance someone has to develop a mental illness. Adam Alter of New York University delineates that “The minute you take a drug, drink alcohol, smoke a cigarette… when you get a like on social media, all of those experiences produce dopamine, which is a chemical that’s associated with pleasure. When someone likes an Instagram post or any content that you share, it’s a little bit like taking a drug. As far as your brain is concerned, it’s a very similar experience…” (Eames, 2017). If a person is on social media for too long, there will be a myriad of dopamine produced causing individuals to experience emotional problems.

The physical health of an individual can be damaged by the excessive use of social media. Smartphones emit a type of light called blue light that interferes with sleep. This blue light is substantially the same as the light of the sun, beguiling the brain into believing that it is actually daytime (How Exposure to Blue Light Affects Your Brain and Body, 2016). If an individual uses their phone every night before going to bed, the blue light prohibits the release of melatonin – a hormone synthesized by the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin is responsible for controlling the circadian rhythm – the physical/mental/behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in an organism’s environment (Circadian Rhythms, 2017). Dark environments stimulate the pineal gland to release melatonin, while bright environments with blue light from smartphones hinder this production. This disruption of the circadian rhythm leaves individuals distracted and impairs their memory the next day; a poor night’s sleep can make it more difficult for people to learn. Scientists are also discovering that cataracts – the clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye – can be caused by excessive exposure to blue light.

The exponential growth of social media is causing platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat to become more and more unsafe every day. Invasion of privacy – the unjustifiable intrusion into one’s personal life without consent – can cause an individual to feel unsafe and unwelcome on social media. For example, back in 2011, there was a hack on Sony’s Playstation network. Over 70 million accounts on the network were affected by the hack; information such as names, e-mails, dates of births and even credit card information were taken by the hackers (Mo, 2017). Public bashing – verbal attacks towards an individual using abusive and pejorative remarks – is one of the most common types of ethical dilemmas. Students who experience bullying or cyberbullying are nearly 2 times more likely to attempt suicide than the average individual and are also associated with the development of low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, family problems, academic difficulties, delinquency, and school violence (Hinduja, 2018). Another common ethical dilemma is dishonesty and distortion – the deceitfulness regarding someone’s intentions or identity, giving someone a misleading account or impression. Dishonesty and distortion is very common on social media apps such as Instagram, Snapchat, and Tinder. In 2018, an 18-year-old teenager, Denali Brehmer, killed her best friend because an online stranger said that he would pay her to do it. The online stranger, Tyler, promised to reward Denali with $9M for killing her. After shooting her best friend in the back of the head, Denali took videos and photos to send to Tyler. This predatory behavior is known as dishonesty and distortion (Justin et al., 2013). According to the National Violence Against Women Survey, 1/12 women and 1/45 men will be cyberstalked throughout their lives (Cyberstalking is a Growing Problem, 1999).

Social media can generate several issues relating to productivity, health, sleep schedules, and more. 45% of teenagers state that they check their phones almost constantly and 44% of teenagers state that they check their phones several times a day (Felix, 2018). This can cause students to become distracted in doing their work; instead, they will start worrying about the appearance of others and what their friends are doing, causing their sleep schedules to be disrupted. By constantly checking social media, teenagers feel a sense of inadequacy when they see a person with the “ideal” body type. Copious correlational and experimental studies have linked exposure to the thin ideal in mass media to body dissatisfaction, internalization of the thin ideal, and disordered eating among women (Media & Eating Disorders, 2018). 69% of American elementary school girls who read magazines say that the pictures influence their concept of the ideal body shape; 47% say the pictures make them want to lose weight. (Martin, 2010). Social media idealizes men to be muscular, causing body dissatisfaction (Media & Eating Disorders, 2018). All of these issues can cause anorexia nervosa – an eating disorder characterized by abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight (Mayo Clinic, 2019).

Social media has been an accelerating pandemic since the launch of Usenet in 1979. Despite all of its valuable uses, social media poses more harm than help. By heavily relying on social media, it affects both the mental and physical health of an individual resulting in a myriad of health issues that can even lead to death. Often, teenagers are seen to neglect their bodies and their responsibilities in order to check and become up-to-date on social media. Social media is a very beneficial tool when used correctly; however, when used incorrectly it does not provide any ample benefits through the scientific, ethical, or social perspective.  

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Too much social media can be harmful, but it’s not addictive like drugs

Professor of Addictions and Health Psychology, University of South Wales

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Disclosure statement

Bev John has received funding from European Social Funds/Welsh Government, Alcohol Concern (now Alcohol Change), Research Councils and the personal research budgets of a number of Welsh Senedd members. She is an invited observer of the Cross-Party Group on Problem Gambling at the Welsh Parliament and sits on the “Beat the Odds” steering group that is run by Cais Ltd.

Martin Graff does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

University of South Wales provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK.

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If you spend hours of the day on your phone checking social media, you’re not unusual. The average internet user spends two hours a day on various social media sites. But does your habit of checking Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and TikTok every few hours make you a social media “addict”?

The term “social media addiction” is being increasingly used to describe people who spend a lot of time on these websites and apps. Doing so can be harmful to people in a variety of ways – causing low self esteem, bad sleep and increasing stress .

The main focus when considering addiction to substances tends to be on three key elements: compulsion (or loss of control), tolerance (needing to increase amount to achieve the same effect) and withdrawal (unpleasant side effects when use stops). Other factors to consider relate to craving, preoccupation and continuing use despite it causing obvious problems. It’s easy to see how these factors apply to drugs, but what about shopping, gambling or, indeed, social media use?

Increasing interest in these and other behavioural “addictions” – like gaming, sex or the internet – has resulted in broadening definitions of what addiction is. Psychologists talk of excessive appetites and powerful motivational drives to engage in particular behaviours that have the power to do considerable unintended harm .

As researchers in social media and addiction, we have spent the last 25 years understanding different kinds of addiction. Our research tells us that social media addiction is not the same as an addiction to substances, like alcohol and other drugs.

Social media use

Too much social media can certainly be damaging. One major feature of social media is it allows users some control over how they present themselves to others. People can edit their online appearance and sometimes present themselves inaccurately while seeking validation from others.

This can cause all kinds of harm. In a study in 2019, we found when female users looked at the platforms for around one and a half hours per day, this was related to an increased desire to be thin , a heightened awareness of how they think other people judge them and motivation to exercise for the purposes of losing weight.

Read more: Why is celebrity abuse on Twitter so bad? It might be a problem with our empathy

And in 2016, we investigated the ways people seek validation on social media. We looked at how often people manipulate posts to increase the number of likes received, use social media to boost spirits or blindly post about issues with which they did not necessarily agree.

We found when this kind of online behaviour increased, self-esteem decreased. But our findings didn’t necessarily show a compulsion to use social media – something key in making it an addiction. Other social factors, such as fear of missing out and narcissistic personality traits, may drive the need to use social media to an unhealthy degree.

Social media addiction

In 2020, we undertook a study into harmful gambling that might help answer the question of whether social media addiction is real.

We found that rapid technological developments in the ease and speed of access of phone and tablet apps are leading to increased levels of gambling harm. Similar psychological processes may be at work on social media platforms, where need for validation, craving and checking likes is amplified.

Behavioural explanations for how addictions develop emphasise the power of reinforcement. Gambling products often use the most powerful form of reinforcement: random pay outs . This, again, is potentially similar to the way users receive validation in the form of “likes” on social media.

There are some who might argue that chronic overuse of social media can be seen as an addiction, but it not is currently recognised as such by the American Psychiatric Association .

There are important differences between excessive social media use and substances in terms of addiction. For example, withdrawal from the latter is often physically unpleasant and sometimes dangerous without medical supervision. Users often suffer stigma, which can be a barrier to seeking help. In comparison, it hasn’t yet been established that there are physical withdrawal effects when people stop using social media.

Considering social media use more as a continuum of possible harm might allow more scope for appropriately targeted messages that could prevent problems developing in the first place.

There are clearly elements of social media use that resonate with certain characterisations of addiction, such as psychological notions of excessive appetites or powerful motivations, and the built-in platform mechanisms of reinforcement through random affirmations or “likes”. It’s also clear that this can be harmful in terms of negative impact on some users’ self-esteem and body image.

But despite these factors, the most useful question might be how to create a healthy balance of interaction in our virtual and real worlds.

It’s worth remembering that behavioural addictions, like those to substances, often occur alongside other mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, suggesting that vulnerability may be multifaceted. This may also be true of excessive social media use.

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The Rise—and Rise—of Problematic Social Media Use

What can we do about it.

Posted January 25, 2019

[Please note that this article was co-written with Dr. Daria Kuss , Nottingham Trent University, UK]

The use of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Tinder have become the cornerstone of modern communication and connection as they allow users to create a sense of belonging and redefine their way of being. Despite the many positive benefits and impacts of these sites, the Cambridge Analytica scandal reignited discussions about the place of social media and social networking sites in our lives.

From a mental health perspective, concerns have been raised about the negative impact of excessive use of social networking sites on the health and wellbeing of users, especially that of young people, who are enthusiastic users of this technology. Back in 2011, we were the first academics to systematically review the scientific literature on excessive social media use . Although there were few studies at the time, we did find that for a small minority of individuals there was a significant detrimental effect on many aspects of their life including their real life relationships and academic achievement among those still in education . We argued that such signs are indicative of addiction .

Over the past five years there has been an increased proliferation of studies assessing how excessive social media use can impact negatively on health. In a recent paper we again reviewed the latest research on the topic, and showed that social media use for a minority of individuals is associated with a number of psychological problems, including anxiety , depression , loneliness , Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , and addiction . Because social media is most frequently accessed via smartphones, their usage is intimately intertwined and their mobile nature contributes to excessive checking habits, which often derives from what is commonly labelled as the ‘ fear of missing out ’ (FOMO).

The good news is that very few people are genuinely addicted to social media. However, many people’s social media use is habitual and it can start to spill over into other areas of their lives and be problematic and dangerous, such as checking social media while driving. Other behaviors may be annoying rather than dangerous, but may be indicative of problematic social media use, such as checking social media while eating out with friends or constantly checking your smartphone while watching a movie at the cinema. Others may snub social contact with their loved ones or friends and prefer to check out social media on their smartphone instead (so-called ‘ phubbing ’).

If you want to check whether you may be at risk of developing an addiction to social media, ask yourselves these six simple questions:

* Do you spend a lot of time thinking about social media or planning to use social media?

* Do you feel urges to use social media more and more?

* Do you use social media to forget about personal problems?

* Do you often try to reduce your use of social media without success?

* Do you become restless or troubled if you are unable to use social media?

* Do you use social media so much that it has had a negative impact on your job or educational studies?

If the answer to all six of these questions is ‘yes’, then you may have or be developing an addiction to using social media. We say ‘may’ because the only way it can be confirmed is through a diagnosis from a clinical psychologist or a psychiatrist.

If you answered ‘yes’ to a few of these questions, it is more likely that you are a habitual social media user and that what you should do is engage in ‘ digital detox ’ strategies that simply allow you to reduce the amount of time spent on social media. This can include simple steps, such as turning off the sound facilities and only allowing yourself to check your smartphone every 30 minutes or an hour. Other simple steps include having periods in the day where there is self-imposed non- screen time (such as during meal times) and leaving your smartphone in a separate room to where you sleep (just so you don’t get the urge to check social media before bedtime, during the night, and when you wake up).

At a societal level, steps need to be taken by governments or organizations to help minimize and (in some cases) prohibit the use of mobile devices. Some such steps are in place in many countries, such as the banning of smartphone use while driving. Given the loss of productivity in both the workplace and educational settings, employers, schools and colleges need policies in place to ensure that individuals are focused on what they should be doing. Many schools ban the use of smartphones in the classroom. Prohibition in other contexts such as workplace settings may also be justified if it is practical to do so. Some restaurants are now providing discounts on food bills if customers refrain from using their smartphones during their meal . These positive reinforcement strategies may well be the way forward in trying to decrease time spent on smartphones checking social media.

Digital literacy and awareness of the effects of excessive social media use need to be embedded with work and educational settings. More controversially, social media operators (such as Facebook) could start using their behavioral data to identify excessive users and provide strategies to limit time spent on their products. This is already being used in the online gambling industry and could easily be applied by social networking sites.

For the small number of individuals that are genuinely addicted social media use, treatment is warranted. However, the goal of treatment for this type of addiction (unlike many other addictions) should be controlled use rather than total abstinence as it is not feasible to stop someone accessing devices that have Internet access (i.e., their smartphone). The most successful type of treatment for online addictions appears to be cognitive behavioral therapy (which is a talking therapy designed to help people change the way they think and behave), although there are relatively few published studies examining its efficacy in relation to internet addictions. Other more specific ways of how to treat individuals with excessive and addictive Internet use, including social media use, have also been outlined elsewhere .

When it comes to solving the problem of reducing individuals’ use of social media there is no magic bullet. While individuals are ultimately responsible for their own social media use, policymakers, social media operators, employers, and educational establishments all need to play their part in reducing excessive social media use.

Andreassen, C.S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M.D., Kuss, D.J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E. & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30 , 252-262.

Andreassen, C.S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M.D. (2017). The relationship between excessive online social networking, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293.

Bányai, F., Zsila, A., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M.D., Andreassen, C.S., & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLoS ONE, 12 (1): e0169839. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0169839.

Griffiths, M.D. (2013) Social networking addiction: Emerging themes and issues. Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy, 4 : e118. doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.1000e118.

Griffiths, M.D. (2018). Adolescent social networking: How do social media operators facilitate habitual use? Education and Health, 36, 66-69.

Griffiths, M.D. & Kuss, D.J. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35, 59-62.

Griffiths, M.D., Kuss, D.J. & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Social networking addiction: An overview of preliminary findings. In K. Rosenberg & L. Feder (Eds.), Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence and Treatment (pp.119-141). New York: Elsevier.

Hussain, Z. & Griffiths, M.D. (2019). Problematic social networking site use and psychiatric disorders: A focused review of recent largescale studies. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 686. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00686

Kuss, D.J. & Griffiths, M.D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction: A literature review of empirical research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, 3528-3552.

Kuss, D.J. & Griffiths, M.D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, 311; doi:10.3390/ijerph14030311

Mark Griffiths, Ph.D., is a chartered psychologist and Director of the International Gaming Research Unit in the Psychology Division at Nottingham Trent University.

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How Does Social Media Play a Role in Depression?

Nadra Nittle is a journalist who has written articles in publications including NBC News, The Guardian, Vox, and Civil Eats.

Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital.

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What to Know About Clinical Depression

Causation or correlation.

• Less Social Media, Less FOMO

Why Young People Are at Risk

• Bad News and ‘Doomscrolling’

Safely Using Social Media

By some estimates, roughly 4 billion people across the world use networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. This usage has prompted mental health experts to investigate whether the enormous popularity of social media plays a role in depression.

Research suggests that people who limit their time on social media tend to be happier than those who don’t. Studies also indicate that social media may trigger an array of negative emotions in users that contribute to or worsen their depression symptoms.

U.S. Surgeon General Warning

In May 2023, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy released an advisory to call attention to the effects of social media on youth mental health. He notes that at crucial periods of adolescent brain development, social media use is predictive of decreases in life satisfaction, as well as additional concerns around body image, sleep issues, and much more.

Given that essentially all adolescents are now using social media in some form, he stresses the importance of further research.

Clinical depression or major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by ongoing feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities that an individual once enjoyed.

Depression can be mild or severe and make it difficult for those with the condition to concentrate, sleep or eat well, make decisions, or complete their normal routines.

People with depression may contemplate death or suicide, feel worthless, develop anxiety or have physical symptoms such as fatigue or headaches. Psychotherapy and medication are some of the treatments for depression. Limiting time on social media and prioritizing real-world connections can be beneficial to mental health.

The Facts on Social Media and Depression

• Social media has never been more popular, with more than half of the world's population active on these networking sites that roll out nonstop news, much of it negative.
• A Lancet study publbished in 2018 found that people who check Facebook late at night were more likely to feel depressed and unhappy.
• Another 2018 study found that the less time people spend on social media, the less symptoms of depression and loneliness they felt.
• A 2015 study found that Facebook users who felt envy while on the networking site were more likely to develop symptoms of depression.

Some studies about social media and mental health reveal that there’s a correlation between networking sites and depression. Other research goes a step further, finding that social media may very well cause depression. A landmark study—“No More FOMO: Limiting Social Media Decreases Loneliness and Depression”—was published in the Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology in 2018.

The study found that the less people used social media, the less depressed and lonely they felt.

This indicates a relationship between lower social media use and emotional wellbeing. According to the researchers, the study marked the first time scientific research established a causal link between these variables.

“Prior to this, all we could say was that there is an association between using social media and having poor outcomes with wellbeing,” said study coauthor Jordyn Young in a statement.

To establish the link between social media and depression, the researchers assigned 143 University of Pennsylvania students to two groups: one could use social media with no restrictions, while the second group had their social media access limited to just 30 minutes on Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat combined over a three-week period.

Each study participant used iPhones to access social media and the researchers monitored their phone data to ensure compliance. The group with restricted social media access reported lower severity of depression and loneliness than they had at the beginning of the study.

Both groups reported a drop in anxiety and fear of missing out (FOMO), apparently because joining the study made even the group with unrestricted access to social media more cognizant of how much time they were spending on it.

Less Social Media, Less FOMO 

It’s not certain why participants who only spent 30 minutes daily on social media experienced less depression, but researchers suggest that these young people were spared from looking at content—such as a friend’s beach vacation, grad school acceptance letter, or happy family—that might make them feel bad about themselves.

Taking in the photos or posts of people with seemingly “perfect” lives can make social media users feel like they just don’t measure up. A 2015 University of Missouri study found that regular Facebook users were more likely to develop depression if they felt feelings of envy on the networking site.

Social media can also give users a case of FOMO, for example, if they were invited on their friend’s beach vacation but couldn’t go for some reason. Or if the friend didn’t ask them on the trip at all, users might feel hurt and left out to see that others in their social circle were. It can lead them to question their friendships or their own self-worth.

Social media users who visit an ex’s social media page and see pictures of their former partner wining and dining a new love interest can also experience FOMO. They might wonder why their ex never took them to such fancy restaurants or lavished them with gifts.

Ultimately, limiting one’s time on social media can mean less time spent comparing oneself to others. This can extend to not thinking badly of oneself and developing the symptoms that contribute to depression.

Prior to social media and the internet, children only had to worry about bullying on school grounds, for the most part. But social media has given bullies a new way to torment their victims.

With just one click, bullies can circulate a video of their target being ridiculed, beaten up, or otherwise humiliated. People can swarm a peer’s social media page, leaving negative comments or spreading misinformation. In some cases, victims of bullying have committed suicide.

While many schools have anti-bullying policies and rules about online student conduct, it can still be difficult for educators and parents to monitor abusive behavior on social media.

Worsening matters is that the victims of bullies often fear that the bullying will increase if they speak to a parent, teacher, or administrator about their mistreatment. This can make a child feel even more isolated and go without the emotional support they need to handle a toxic and potentially volatile situation. 

If you or someone you care about is having suicidal thoughts, contact the  National Suicide Prevention Lifeline  at  988  for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911.

For more mental health resources, see our  National Helpline Database .

Bad News and ‘Doomscrolling’ 

One in five Americans now get their news from social media—a larger proportion than those who get their news from traditional print media.

For heavy social media users, people who log in for multiple hours at a time or multiple times a day, this means frequent exposure news, including bad news. Headlines related to natural disasters, terrorist attacks, political strife, and celebrity deaths frequently top lists of social media trends.

Before the advent of social media and the internet generally, one’s exposure to bad news was limited. The public got news from broadcasts that aired at certain times of the day or from newspapers.

The habit of binging bad news on social media sites or elsewhere online is known as “doomscrolling,” and it can adversely affect one’s mental health, leading to development or heightening of anxiety or depression symptoms. 

A 2018 Lancet Psychiatry study of 91,005 people found that those who logged onto Facebook before bedtime were 6% likelier to have major depressive disorder and rated their happiness level 9% lower than those with better sleep hygiene did.

Psychologist Amelia Aldao told NPR that doomscrolling locks the public into a “vicious cycle of negativity.” The cycle continues because “our minds are wired to look out for threats,” she said. “The more time we spend scrolling, the more we find those dangers, the more we get sucked into them, the more anxious we get.” Before long, the world appears to be an altogether gloomy place, making doomscrollers feel increasingly hopeless.

Press Play for Advice On Limiting Social Media Use

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Using social media comes with mental health risks, but that doesn’t mean it should be completely avoided. Experts recommend using these networking websites in moderation.

Set a timer when you’re on social media or install an app on your phone or computer that tracks how long you’ve spent on a networking site.

Without these timers or apps, it’s easy to spend hours on social media before you know it. To limit your time on social media, you can also plan real-world activities that help you focus on your immediate surroundings and circumstances. Read a book, watch a movie, go for a stroll, play a game, bake some bread, or have a phone conversation with a friend. Make the time to enjoy life offline.  

Kemp S. More than half of the people on Earth now use social media .

" Social Media and Youth Mental Healt h," The US Surgeon General's Advisory, May 2023.

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Hunt MG, Marx R, Lipson C, Young J. No more FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression . J Soc Clin Psychol.  2018;37(10):751-768. doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751

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Limbana T, Khan F, Eskander N, Emamy M, Jahan N. The association of bullying and suicidality: Does it affect the pediatric population?   Cureus . 2020;12(8). doi:10.7759/cureus.9691

Shearer E. Social media outpaces print newspapers in the U.S. as a news source . Pew Research Center.

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By Nadra Nittle Nadra Nittle is a Los Angeles-based journalist and author. She has covered a wide range of topics, including health, education, race, consumerism, food, and public policy, throughout her career.  

Home / Essay Samples / Entertainment / Social Media / Excessive Use of Social Media: Exploring the Effects

Excessive Use of Social Media: Exploring the Effects

• Category: Information Science and Technology , Entertainment
• Topic: Internet , Social Media

Pages: 2 (997 words)

Views: 8053

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Overuse of social media (essay)

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