what is php assignment operator

• Language Reference

Assignment Operators

The basic assignment operator is "=". Your first inclination might be to think of this as "equal to". Don't. It really means that the left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right (that is, "gets set to").

The value of an assignment expression is the value assigned. That is, the value of " $a = 3 " is 3. This allows you to do some tricky things: <?php $a = ( $b = 4 ) + 5 ; // $a is equal to 9 now, and $b has been set to 4. ?>

In addition to the basic assignment operator, there are "combined operators" for all of the binary arithmetic , array union and string operators that allow you to use a value in an expression and then set its value to the result of that expression. For example: <?php $a = 3 ; $a += 5 ; // sets $a to 8, as if we had said: $a = $a + 5; $b = "Hello " ; $b .= "There!" ; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!"; ?>

Note that the assignment copies the original variable to the new one (assignment by value), so changes to one will not affect the other. This may also have relevance if you need to copy something like a large array inside a tight loop.

An exception to the usual assignment by value behaviour within PHP occurs with object s, which are assigned by reference. Objects may be explicitly copied via the clone keyword.

Assignment by Reference

Assignment by reference is also supported, using the " $var = &$othervar; " syntax. Assignment by reference means that both variables end up pointing at the same data, and nothing is copied anywhere.

Example #1 Assigning by reference

The new operator returns a reference automatically, as such assigning the result of new by reference is an error.

The above example will output:

More information on references and their potential uses can be found in the References Explained section of the manual.

Arithmetic Assignment Operators

Bitwise assignment operators, other assignment operators.

• arithmetic operators
• bitwise operators
• null coalescing operator

Improve This Page

User contributed notes 4 notes.

PHP Tutorial

Php advanced, mysql database, php examples, php reference, php operators.

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

PHP divides the operators in the following groups:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
• Conditional assignment operators

PHP Arithmetic Operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

PHP Assignment Operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.

The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

Advertisement

PHP Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

The PHP increment operators are used to increment a variable's value.

The PHP decrement operators are used to decrement a variable's value.

PHP Logical Operators

The PHP logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

PHP String Operators

PHP has two operators that are specially designed for strings.

PHP Array Operators

The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators

The PHP conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions:

PHP Exercises

Test yourself with exercises.

Multiply 10 with 5 , and output the result.

Start the Exercise

COLOR PICKER

Contact Sales

If you want to use W3Schools services as an educational institution, team or enterprise, send us an e-mail: [email protected]

Report Error

If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, send us an e-mail: [email protected]

Top Tutorials

Top references, top examples, get certified.

PHP Assignment Operators

Php tutorial index.

PHP assignment operators applied to assign the result of an expression to a variable. = is a fundamental assignment operator in PHP. It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

• TutorialKart
• SAP Tutorials
• Salesforce Admin
• Salesforce Developer
• Visualforce
• Informatica
• Kafka Tutorial
• Spark Tutorial
• Tomcat Tutorial
• Python Tkinter

Programming

• Bash Script
• Julia Tutorial
• CouchDB Tutorial
• MongoDB Tutorial
• PostgreSQL Tutorial
• Android Compose
• Flutter Tutorial
• Kotlin Android

Web & Server

• Selenium Java
• PHP Tutorial
• PHP Install
• PHP Hello World
• Check if variable is set
• Convert string to int
• Convert string to float
• Convert string to boolean
• Convert int to string
• Convert int to float
• Get type of variable
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Exponentiation
• Simple Assignment
• Addition Assignment
• Subtraction Assignment
• ADVERTISEMENT
• Multiplication Assignment
• Division Assignment
• Modulus Assignment
• PHP Comments
• Python If AND
• Python If OR
• Python If NOT
• Do-While Loop
• Nested foreach
• echo() vs print()
• printf() vs sprintf()
• PHP Strings
• Create a string
• Create empty string
• Compare strings
• Count number of words in string
• Get ASCII value of a character
• Iterate over characters of a string
• Iterate over words of a string
• Print string to console
• String length
• Substring of a string
• Check if string is empty
• Check if strings are equal
• Check if strings are equal ignoring case
• Check if string contains specified substring
• Check if string starts with specific substring
• Check if string ends with specific substring
• Check if string starts with specific character
• Check if string starts with http
• Check if string starts with a number
• Check if string starts with an uppercase
• Check if string starts with a lowercase
• Check if string ends with a punctuation
• Check if string ends with forward slash (/) character
• Check if string contains number(s)
• Check if string contains only alphabets
• Check if string contains only numeric digits
• Check if string contains only lowercase
• Check if string contains only uppercase
• Check if string value is a valid number
• Check if string is a float value
• Append a string with suffix string
• Prepend a string with prefix string
• Concatenate strings
• Concatenate string and number
• Insert character at specific index in string
• Insert substring at specific index in string
• Repeat string for N times
• Replace substring
• Replace first occurrence
• Replace last occurrence
• Trim spaces from edges of string
• Trim specific characters from edges of the string
• Split string
• Split string into words
• Split string by comma
• Split string by single space
• Split string by new line
• Split string by any whitespace character
• Split string by one or more whitespace characters
• Split string into substrings of specified length
• Transformations
• Reverse a string
• Convert string to lowercase
• Convert string to uppercase
• Join elements of string array with separator string
• Delete first character of string
• Delete last character of string
• Count number of occurrences of substring in a string
• Count alphabet characters in a string
• Find index of substring in a string
• Find index of last occurrence in a string
• Find all the substrings that match a pattern
• Check if entire string matches a regular expression
• Check if string has a match for regular expression
• Sort array of strings
• Sort strings in array based on length
• Foramatting
• PHP – Format string
• PHP – Variable inside a string
• PHP – Parse JSON String
• Conversions
• PHP – Convert CSV String into Array
• PHP – Convert string array to CSV string
• Introduction to Arrays
• Indexed arrays
• Associative arrays
• Multi-dimensional arrays
• String array
• Array length
• Create Arrays
• Create indexed array
• Create associative array
• Create empty array
• Check if array is empty
• Check if specific element is present in array .
• Check if two arrays are equal
• Check if any two adjacent values are same
• Read/Access Operations
• Access array elements using index
• Iterate through array using For loop
• Iterate over key-value pairs using foreach
• Array foreach()
• Get first element in array
• Get last element in array
• Get keys of array
• Get index of a key in array
• Find Operations
• Count occurrences of specific value in array
• Find index of value in array
• Find index of last occurrence of value in array
• Combine two arrays to create an Associative Array
• Convert array to string
• Convert array to CSV string
• Join array elements
• Reverse an array
• Split array into chunks
• Slice array by index
• Slice array by key
• Preserve keys while slicing array
• Truncate array
• Remove duplicate values in array
• Filter elements in array based on a condition
• Filter positive numbers in array
• Filter negative numbers in array
• Remove empty strings in array
• Delete Operations
• Delete specific value from array
• Delete value at specific index in array
• Remove first value in array
• Remove last value in array
• Array - Notice: Undefined offset: 0
• JSON encode
• Array Functions
• array_chunk()
• array_column()
• array_combine()
• array_change_key_case()
• array_count_values()
• array_diff_assoc()
• array_diff_key()
• array_diff_uassoc()
• array_diff_ukey()
• array_diff()
• array_fill()
• array_fill_keys()
• array_flip()
• array_key_exists()
• array_keys()
• array_pop()
• array_product()
• array_push()
• array_rand()
• array_replace()
• array_sum()
• array_values()
• Create an object or instance
• Constructor
• Constants in class
• Read only properties in class
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Define property and method with same name in class
• Uncaught Error: Cannot access protected property
• Nested try catch
• Multiple catch blocks
• Catch multiple exceptions in a single catch block
• Print exception message
• Throw exception
• User defined Exception
• Get current timestamp
• Get difference between two given dates
• Find number of days between two given dates
• Add specific number of days to given date
• ❯ PHP Tutorial
• ❯ PHP Operators
• ❯ Assignment

PHP Assignment Operators

In this tutorial, you shall learn about Assignment Operators in PHP, different Assignment Operators available in PHP, their symbols, and how to use them in PHP programs, with examples.

Assignment Operators

Assignment Operators are used to perform to assign a value or modified value to a variable.

Assignment Operators Table

The following table lists out all the assignment operators in PHP programming.

In the following program, we will take values in variables $x and $y , and perform assignment operations on these values using PHP Assignment Operators.

PHP Program

Assignment Operators Tutorials

The following tutorials cover each of the Assignment Operators in PHP in detail with examples.

• PHP Simple Assignment
• PHP Addition Assignment
• PHP Subtraction Assignment
• PHP Multiplication Assignment
• PHP Division Assignment
• PHP Modulus Assignment

In this PHP Tutorial , we learned about all the Assignment Operators in PHP programming, with examples.

Popular Courses by TutorialKart

App developement, web development, online tools.

• Language Reference

Assignment Operators

The basic assignment operator is "=". Your first inclination might be to think of this as "equal to". Don't. It really means that the left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right (that is, "gets set to").

The value of an assignment expression is the value assigned. That is, the value of " $a = 3 " is 3. This allows you to do some tricky things:

In addition to the basic assignment operator, there are "combined operators" for all of the binary arithmetic , array union and string operators that allow you to use a value in an expression and then set its value to the result of that expression. For example:

Note that the assignment copies the original variable to the new one (assignment by value), so changes to one will not affect the other. This may also have relevance if you need to copy something like a large array inside a tight loop.

An exception to the usual assignment by value behaviour within PHP occurs with object s, which are assigned by reference. Objects may be explicitly copied via the clone keyword.

Assignment by Reference

Assignment by reference is also supported, using the " $var = &$othervar; " syntax. Assignment by reference means that both variables end up pointing at the same data, and nothing is copied anywhere.

Example #1 Assigning by reference

The new operator returns a reference automatically, as such assigning the result of new by reference is an error.

The above example will output:

More information on references and their potential uses can be found in the References Explained section of the manual.

Arithmetic Assignment Operators

Bitwise assignment operators, other assignment operators.

• arithmetic operators
• bitwise operators
• null coalescing operator

What is the assignment operator in PHP and how to use it.

Discover the basics of php and operators.

Published Jan 17, 2020

We assign values to variables with assignment operators. The base assignment operator is equal (=). I assume that you understand this in the examples and narratives that pass. A single equal sign allows us to assign the desired value to the desired variable.

Let’s show the other operators on a table. These operators are unified assignment operators. These add a value to the end of a variable or make it easier for us to add a number to the result in the variable. Here are a few examples of the combined assignment operators that we can comprehend with a simple example:

Using an example assignment operator:

It will display 30 . We added the value of the variable and assigned to the value of the existing variable using the combined assignment operator.

This combined assignment operator makes it easier for us not to reprint the same variable for the values we add or subtract at the end of the variable.

You might also like

• What is the escape operator in PHP and how to use it.
• Difference between single quotes and double quotes in PHP
• What are the string operators in PHP
• What are the arithmetic operators in PHP
• Check if session exists in PHP

Home » PHP Tutorial » PHP Operators

PHP Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn about PHP operators and how to use them effectively in your script.

An operator takes one or more values, known as operands, and performs a specific operation on them.

For example, the + operator adds two numbers and returns the sum of them.

PHP supports many kinds of operators:

Arithmetic Operators

Assignment operators, bitwise operators, comparison operators.

• Increment/Decrement Operators

Logical Operators

• Concatenating Operators

The arithmetic operators require numeric values. If you apply them to non-numeric values, they’ll convert them to numeric values before carrying the arithmetic operation.

The following are the list of arithmetic operators:

The following example uses the arithmetic operators:

Comparison operators allow you to compare two operands.

A comparison operator returns a Boolean value, either true or false . If the comparison is truthful, the comparison operator returns true , otherwise, it returns false .

The following are the list of comparison operators in PHP:

Logical operators allow you to construct logical expressions. A logical operator returns a Boolean value.

PHP provides the following logical operators:

Bitwise operators perform operations on the binary representation of the operands. The following illustrates bitwise operators in PHP:

Incrementing/ Decrementing Operators

Increment (++)  and decrement (–) operators give you a quick way to increase and decrease the value of a variable by 1.

The following table illustrates the increment and decrement operators:

Concatenating Operator

Concatenating operator (.) allows you to combine two strings into one. It appends the second string to the first one and returns the combined string. For example:

Assignment operator ( = ) assigns a value to a variable and returns a value. The operand on the left is always a variable, while the operand on the right can be a literal value, variable, expression, or a function call that returns a value. For example:

In the first expression, we assigned $x  variable value 10 .  In the second one, we assigned the value of $x to $y variable. The third one is a little bit complicated. First, we assigned 20 to $x . The assignment operator ( = ) returns 20 and then 20 is assigned to $z  variable.

Besides the basic assignment operator( = ), PHP provides you with some assignment operators:

• plus-equal  +=
• minus-equal  -=
• divide-equal  /=
• multiplication-equal  *=
• modulus-equal  %=
• XOR-equal  ^=
• AND-equal  &=
• OR-equal  |=
• concatenate-equal  .=

PHP operators precedence

The precedence of an operator decides which order the operator is evaluated in an expression.

PHP assigned each operator precedence. Some operators have the same precedence, e.g., precedences of the addition ( + ) and subtraction( - ) are equal.

However, some operators have higher precedence than others.

For example, the precedence of the multiplication operator ( * ) is higher than the precedence of the add( + ) and the subtract ( - ) operators:

Because the precedence of the multiplication operator ( * ) is higher than the precedence of the add( + ) operator, PHP evaluates the multiplication operator ( * ) first and then add operator ( * ) second.

To force the evaluation in a particular order, you put the expression inside parentheses () , for example:

In this tutorial, you have briefly learned about the most commonly used PHP operators.

PHP Operators

In this tutorial you will learn how to manipulate or perform the operations on variables and values using operators in PHP.

What is Operators in PHP

Operators are symbols that tell the PHP processor to perform certain actions. For example, the addition ( + ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to add two variables or values, while the greater-than ( > ) symbol is an operator that tells PHP to compare two values.

The following lists describe the different operators used in PHP.

PHP Arithmetic Operators

The arithmetic operators are used to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Here's a complete list of PHP's arithmetic operators:

The following example will show you these arithmetic operators in action:

PHP Assignment Operators

The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

The following example will show you these assignment operators in action:

PHP Comparison Operators

The comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean fashion.

The following example will show you these comparison operators in action:

PHP Incrementing and Decrementing Operators

The increment/decrement operators are used to increment/decrement a variable's value.

The following example will show you these increment and decrement operators in action:

PHP Logical Operators

The logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

The following example will show you these logical operators in action:

PHP String Operators

There are two operators which are specifically designed for strings .

The following example will show you these string operators in action:

PHP Array Operators

The array operators are used to compare arrays:

The following example will show you these array operators in action:

PHP Spaceship Operator PHP 7

PHP 7 introduces a new spaceship operator ( <=> ) which can be used for comparing two expressions. It is also known as combined comparison operator.

The spaceship operator returns 0 if both operands are equal, 1 if the left is greater, and -1 if the right is greater. It basically provides three-way comparison as shown in the following table:

The following example will show you how spaceship operator actually works:

Is this website helpful to you? Please give us a like , or share your feedback to help us improve . Connect with us on Facebook and Twitter for the latest updates.

Interactive Tools

PHP Advance

Operators - php basics.

Operators are symbols that instruct the PHP processor to carry out specific actions. For example, the addition ( + ) symbol instructs PHP to add two variables or values, whereas the greater-than ( > ) symbol instructs PHP to compare two values.

PHP operators are grouped as follows:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
• Conditional assignment operators

Arithmetic Operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used in conjunction with numeric values to perform common arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and so on.

Sample usage of Arithmetic Operators:

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Sample usage of Assignment Operators:

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values in a Boolean fashion.

Sample usage of Comparison Operators:

Increment / Decrement Operators

Increment operators are used to increment a variable's value while decrement operators are used to decrement.

Sample usage of Increment / Decrement Operators:

Logical Operators

Logical operators are typically used to combine conditional statements.

Sample usage of Logical Operators:

String Operators

String operators are specifically designed for strings.

Sample usage of String Operators:

Array Operators

Array operators are used to compare arrays.

Conditional Assignment Operators

Conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions.

Sample usage of Conditional Assignment Operators:

Create the following variables: $num1 , $num2 , $num3 . Assign the integer 3 to $num1 and 9 to $num2 . Multiply $num1 by $num2 and assign the product to $num3 . Print the result on $num3

• Introduction
• What is PHP?
• What can you do with PHP?
• Why use PHP?
• Requirements for this tutorial
• Echo and Print
• Conditionals
• Switch...Case
• Foreach Loop
• Do...While Loop
• Break/Continue
• Sorting Arrays
• Date and Time
• Include Files
• File Handling
• File Upload
• Form Validation
• Error Handling
• Classes and Objects
• Constructor and Destructor
• Access Modifiers
• Inheritance
• Abstract Classes

PHP Functions and Methods

• PHP Functions and Methods Index

• PHP Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

PHP divides the operators in the following groups:

Arithmetic operators

Assignment operators.

• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators

PHP Operators with Example

The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

• Operator Name Example Result
• + Addition $x + $y Sum of $x and $y
• - Subtraction $x - $y Difference of $x and $y
• * Multiplication $x * $y Product of $x and $y
• / Division $x / $y Quotient of $x and $y
• % Modulus $x % $y Remainder of $x divided by $y
• ** Exponentiation $x ** $y Result of raising $x to the $y'th power (Introduced in PHP 5.6)

Run : http://ideone.com/EwZM3b

10 6 16 4 0 64

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.

The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=" . It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

• Assignment Same as… Description
• x = y x = y The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right
• x += y x = x + y Addition
• x -= y x = x - y Subtraction
• x *= y x = x * y Multiplication
• x /= y x = x / y Division
• x %= y x = x % y Modulus

Run : http://ideone.com/U8sJHv

20 40 20 400 20 0

Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

• == Equal $x == $y Returns true if $x is equal to $y
• === Identical $x === $y Returns true if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
• != Not equal $x != $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• <> Not equal $x <> $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• !== Not identical $x !== $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y , or they are not of the same type
• > Greater than $x > $y Returns true if $x is greater than $y
• < Less than $x < $y Returns true if $x is less than $y
• >= Greater than or equal to $x >= $y Returns true if $x is greater than or equal to $y
• <= Less than or equal to $x <= $y Returns true if $x is less than or equal to $y

Increment / Decrement Operators

The PHP decrement operators are used to decrement a variable’s value.

• Operator Name Description
• ++$x Pre-increment Increments $x by one, then returns $x
• $x++ Post-increment Returns $x, then increments $x by one
• --$x Pre-decrement Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
• $x-- Post-decrement Returns $x , then decrements $x by one

Logical Operators

The PHP logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

• and And $x and $y True if both $x and $y are true
• or Or $x or $y True if either $x or $y is true
• xor Xor $x xor $y True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
• && And $x && $y True if both $x and $y are true
• || Or $x || $y True if either $x or $y is true
• ! Not !$x True if $x is not true

String Operators

PHP has two operators that are specially designed for strings.

• . Concatenation $txt1 . $txt2 Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2
• .= Concatenation assignment $txt1 .= $txt2 Appends $txt2 to $txt1

Array Operators

The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.

• + Union $x + $y Union of $x and $y
• == Equality $x == $y Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs
• === Identity $x === $y Returns true if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types
• != Inequality $x != $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• <> Inequality $x <> $y Returns true if $x is not equal to $y
• !== Non-identity $x !== $y Returns true if $x is not identical to $y

Share this post:

• Previous Page
• PHP Tutorial Index
• PHP Introduction
• PHP Terminology
• PHP Installation
• PHP Comments
• PHP Variables
• PHP Data Types
• PHP Decision Making
• PHP Functions
• PHP Constants
• PHP Array Functions
• PHP String Handling
• PHP Advanced
• PHP Forms Handling
• PHP File Upload
• PHP File Handling
• PHP Send Mail
• PHP File Inclusion
• PHP Date and Time
• PHP Cookies
• PHP Session
• PHP OOP Introduction
• Objects In PHP
• PHP MySQL Tutorial
• PHP : MySQL Database
• PHP : MySQL Connect
• PHP : MySQL Create Database
• PHP : MySQL Create Table
• PHP : MySQL INSERT Statement
• PHP : MySQL Select Data
• PHP : MySQL UPDATE Statement
• PHP : MySQL DELETE Statement

• Conditional Operators

Conditional Assignment Operator in PHP is a shorthand operator that allow developers to assign values to variables based on certain conditions.

In this article, we will explore how the various Conditional Assignment Operators in PHP simplify code and make it more readable.

Let’s begin with the ternary operator.

Ternary Operator Syntax

The Conditional Operator in PHP, also known as the Ternary Operator, assigns values to variables based on a certain condition. It takes three operands: the condition, the value to be assigned if the condition is true, and the value to be assigned if the condition is false.

Here’s an example:

In this example, the condition is $score >= 60 . If this condition is true, the value of $result is “Pass”. Otherwise, the value of $result is “Fail”.

To learn more, visit the PHP ternary operator tutorial . Let’s now explore the section below to delve into the Null Coalescing Operator in PHP.

The Null Coalescing Operator (??)

The Null Coalescing Operator, also known as the Null Coalescing Assignment Operator, assigns a default value to a variable if it is null. The operator has two operands: the variable and the default value it assigns if the variable is null. Here’s an example:

So, In this example, if the $_GET['name'] variable is null, the value of $name is “Guest”. Otherwise, the value of $name is the value of $_GET['name'] .

Here’s another pattern utilizing it with the assignment operator. Let’s proceed.

The Null Coalescing Assignment Operator (??=)

The Null Coalescing Operator with Assignment, also known as the Null Coalescing Assignment Operator, assigns a default value to a variable if it is null. The operator has two operands: the variable and the default value it assigns if the variable is null. Here’s an example:

So, the value of $name is null. The Null Coalescing Assignment Operator assigns the value “Guest” to $name. Therefore, the output of the echo statement is “Welcome,”Guest!”.

Moving into the following section, you’ll learn how to use the Elvis operator in PHP.

The Elvis Operator (?:)

In another hand, The Elvis Operator is a shorthand version of the Ternary Operator. Which assigns a default value to a variable if it is null. It takes two operands: the variable and the default value to be assigned if the variable is null. Here’s an example:

In this example, if the $_GET['name'] variable is null, the value“Guest” $name s “Guest”. Otherwise, the value of $name is the value of $_GET['name'] .

Let’s summarize it.

Wrapping Up

The Conditional Assignment Operators in PHP provide developers with powerful tools to simplify code and make it more readable. You can use these operators to assign values to variables based on certain conditions, assign default values to variables if they are null, and perform shorthand versions of conditional statements. By using these operators, developers can write more efficient and elegant code.

Did you find this article helpful?

Sorry about that. How can we improve it ?

• Facebook -->
• Twitter -->
• Linked In -->
• Install PHP
• Hello World
• PHP Constant
• PHP Comments

PHP Functions

• Parameters and Arguments
• Anonymous Functions
• Variable Function
• Arrow Functions
• Variadic Functions
• Named Arguments
• Callable Vs Callback
• Variable Scope

Control Structures

• If-else Block
• Break Statement

PHP Operators

• Operator Precedence
• PHP Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• PHP Bitwise Operators
• PHP Comparison Operators
• PHP Increment and Decrement Operator
• PHP Logical Operators
• PHP String Operators
• Array Operators
• Ternary Operator
• PHP Enumerable
• PHP NOT Operator
• PHP OR Operator
• PHP Spaceship Operator
• AND Operator
• Exclusive OR
• Spread Operator
• Null Coalescing Operator

Data Format and Types

• PHP Data Types
• PHP Type Juggling
• PHP Type Casting
• PHP strict_types
• Type Hinting
• PHP Boolean Type
• PHP Iterable
• PHP Resource
• Associative Arrays
• Multidimensional Array

String and Patterns

• Remove the Last Char

PHP Tutorial

Control statement, php programs, php functions, php strings, php include, state management, upload download, php oops concepts, related tutorials.

Interview Questions

The exponentiation (**) operator has been introduced in PHP 5.6.

Assignment Operators

The assignment operators are used to assign value to different variables. The basic assignment operator is "=".

Bitwise Operators

The bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations on operands. These operators allow the evaluation and manipulation of specific bits within the integer.

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators allow comparing two values, such as number or string. Below the list of comparison operators are given:

Incrementing/Decrementing Operators

The increment and decrement operators are used to increase and decrease the value of a variable.

Logical Operators

The logical operators are used to perform bit-level operations on operands. These operators allow the evaluation and manipulation of specific bits within the integer.

String Operators

The string operators are used to perform the operation on strings. There are two string operators in PHP, which are given below:

Array Operators

The array operators are used in case of array. Basically, these operators are used to compare the values of arrays.

Type Operators

The type operator instanceof is used to determine whether an object, its parent and its derived class are the same type or not. Basically, this operator determines which certain class the object belongs to. It is used in object-oriented programming.

Execution Operators

PHP has an execution operator backticks (``) . PHP executes the content of backticks as a shell command. Execution operator and shell_exec() give the same result.

Note: Note that backticks (``) are not single-quotes.

Error control operators.

PHP has one error control operator, i.e., at (@) symbol . Whenever it is used with an expression, any error message will be ignored that might be generated by that expression.

PHP Operators Precedence

Let's see the precedence of PHP operators with associativity.

• Send your Feedback to [email protected]

Help Others, Please Share

Learn Latest Tutorials

Transact-SQL

Reinforcement Learning

R Programming

React Native

Python Design Patterns

Python Pillow

Python Turtle

Preparation

Verbal Ability

Company Questions

Trending Technologies

Artificial Intelligence

Cloud Computing

Data Science

Machine Learning

B.Tech / MCA

Data Structures

Operating System

Computer Network

Compiler Design

Computer Organization

Discrete Mathematics

Ethical Hacking

Computer Graphics

Software Engineering

Web Technology

Cyber Security

C Programming

Control System

Data Mining

Data Warehouse

• Python Basics
• Interview Questions
• Python Quiz
• Popular Packages
• Python Projects
• Practice Python
• AI With Python
• Learn Python3
• Python Automation
• Python Web Dev
• DSA with Python
• Python OOPs
• Dictionaries

Python Operators

Precedence and associativity of operators in python.

• Python Arithmetic Operators
• Difference between / vs. // operator in Python
• Python - Star or Asterisk operator ( * )
• What does the Double Star operator mean in Python?
• Division Operators in Python
• Modulo operator (%) in Python
• Python Logical Operators
• Python OR Operator
• Difference between 'and' and '&' in Python
• not Operator in Python | Boolean Logic

Ternary Operator in Python

• Python Bitwise Operators

Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators in python.

• Walrus Operator in Python 3.8
• Increment += and Decrement -= Assignment Operators in Python
• Merging and Updating Dictionary Operators in Python 3.9
• New '=' Operator in Python3.8 f-string

Python Relational Operators

• Comparison Operators in Python
• Python NOT EQUAL operator
• Difference between == and is operator in Python
• Chaining comparison operators in Python
• Python Membership and Identity Operators
• Difference between != and is not operator in Python

In Python programming, Operators in general are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are standard symbols used for logical and arithmetic operations. In this article, we will look into different types of Python operators. 

• OPERATORS: These are the special symbols. Eg- + , * , /, etc.
• OPERAND: It is the value on which the operator is applied.

Types of Operators in Python

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Identity Operators and Membership Operators

Arithmetic Operators in Python

Python Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication , and division .

In Python 3.x the result of division is a floating-point while in Python 2.x division of 2 integers was an integer. To obtain an integer result in Python 3.x floored (// integer) is used.

Example of Arithmetic Operators in Python

Division operators.

In Python programming language Division Operators allow you to divide two numbers and return a quotient, i.e., the first number or number at the left is divided by the second number or number at the right and returns the quotient. 

There are two types of division operators: 

Float division

• Floor division

The quotient returned by this operator is always a float number, no matter if two numbers are integers. For example:

Example: The code performs division operations and prints the results. It demonstrates that both integer and floating-point divisions return accurate results. For example, ’10/2′ results in ‘5.0’ , and ‘-10/2’ results in ‘-5.0’ .

Integer division( Floor division)

The quotient returned by this operator is dependent on the argument being passed. If any of the numbers is float, it returns output in float. It is also known as Floor division because, if any number is negative, then the output will be floored. For example:

Example: The code demonstrates integer (floor) division operations using the // in Python operators . It provides results as follows: ’10//3′ equals ‘3’ , ‘-5//2’ equals ‘-3’ , ‘ 5.0//2′ equals ‘2.0’ , and ‘-5.0//2’ equals ‘-3.0’ . Integer division returns the largest integer less than or equal to the division result.

Precedence of Arithmetic Operators in Python

The precedence of Arithmetic Operators in Python is as follows:

• P – Parentheses
• E – Exponentiation
• M – Multiplication (Multiplication and division have the same precedence)
• D – Division
• A – Addition (Addition and subtraction have the same precedence)
• S – Subtraction

The modulus of Python operators helps us extract the last digit/s of a number. For example:

• x % 10 -> yields the last digit
• x % 100 -> yield last two digits

Arithmetic Operators With Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Modulo and Power

Here is an example showing how different Arithmetic Operators in Python work:

Example: The code performs basic arithmetic operations with the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ . It adds (‘+’) , subtracts (‘-‘) , multiplies (‘*’) , computes the remainder (‘%’) , and raises a to the power of ‘b (**)’ . The results of these operations are printed.

Note: Refer to Differences between / and // for some interesting facts about these two Python operators.

Comparison of Python Operators

In Python Comparison of Relational operators compares the values. It either returns True or False according to the condition.

= is an assignment operator and == comparison operator.

Precedence of Comparison Operators in Python

In Python, the comparison operators have lower precedence than the arithmetic operators. All the operators within comparison operators have the same precedence order.

Example of Comparison Operators in Python

Let’s see an example of Comparison Operators in Python.

Example: The code compares the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ using various comparison Python operators and prints the results. It checks if ‘a’ is greater than, less than, equal to, not equal to, greater than, or equal to, and less than or equal to ‘b’ .

Logical Operators in Python

Python Logical operators perform Logical AND , Logical OR , and Logical NOT operations. It is used to combine conditional statements.

Precedence of Logical Operators in Python

The precedence of Logical Operators in Python is as follows:

• Logical not
• logical and

Example of Logical Operators in Python

The following code shows how to implement Logical Operators in Python:

Example: The code performs logical operations with Boolean values. It checks if both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are true ( ‘and’ ), if at least one of them is true ( ‘or’ ), and negates the value of ‘a’ using ‘not’ . The results are printed accordingly.

Bitwise Operators in Python

Python Bitwise operators act on bits and perform bit-by-bit operations. These are used to operate on binary numbers.

Precedence of Bitwise Operators in Python

The precedence of Bitwise Operators in Python is as follows:

• Bitwise NOT
• Bitwise Shift
• Bitwise AND
• Bitwise XOR

Here is an example showing how Bitwise Operators in Python work:

Example: The code demonstrates various bitwise operations with the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ . It performs bitwise AND (&) , OR (|) , NOT (~) , XOR (^) , right shift (>>) , and left shift (<<) operations and prints the results. These operations manipulate the binary representations of the numbers.

Python Assignment operators are used to assign values to the variables.

Let’s see an example of Assignment Operators in Python.

Example: The code starts with ‘a’ and ‘b’ both having the value 10. It then performs a series of operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and a left shift operation on ‘b’ . The results of each operation are printed, showing the impact of these operations on the value of ‘b’ .

Identity Operators in Python

In Python, is and is not are the identity operators both are used to check if two values are located on the same part of the memory. Two variables that are equal do not imply that they are identical. 

Example Identity Operators in Python

Let’s see an example of Identity Operators in Python.

Example: The code uses identity operators to compare variables in Python. It checks if ‘a’ is not the same object as ‘b’ (which is true because they have different values) and if ‘a’ is the same object as ‘c’ (which is true because ‘c’ was assigned the value of ‘a’ ).

Membership Operators in Python

In Python, in and not in are the membership operators that are used to test whether a value or variable is in a sequence.

Examples of Membership Operators in Python

The following code shows how to implement Membership Operators in Python:

Example: The code checks for the presence of values ‘x’ and ‘y’ in the list. It prints whether or not each value is present in the list. ‘x’ is not in the list, and ‘y’ is present, as indicated by the printed messages. The code uses the ‘in’ and ‘not in’ Python operators to perform these checks.

in Python, Ternary operators also known as conditional expressions are operators that evaluate something based on a condition being true or false. It was added to Python in version 2.5. 

It simply allows testing a condition in a single line replacing the multiline if-else making the code compact.

Syntax :   [on_true] if [expression] else [on_false] 

Examples of Ternary Operator in Python

The code assigns values to variables ‘a’ and ‘b’ (10 and 20, respectively). It then uses a conditional assignment to determine the smaller of the two values and assigns it to the variable ‘min’ . Finally, it prints the value of ‘min’ , which is 10 in this case.

In Python, Operator precedence and associativity determine the priorities of the operator.

Operator Precedence in Python

This is used in an expression with more than one operator with different precedence to determine which operation to perform first.

Let’s see an example of how Operator Precedence in Python works:

Example: The code first calculates and prints the value of the expression 10 + 20 * 30 , which is 610. Then, it checks a condition based on the values of the ‘name’ and ‘age’ variables. Since the name is “ Alex” and the condition is satisfied using the or operator, it prints “Hello! Welcome.”

Operator Associativity in Python

If an expression contains two or more operators with the same precedence then Operator Associativity is used to determine. It can either be Left to Right or from Right to Left.

The following code shows how Operator Associativity in Python works:

Example: The code showcases various mathematical operations. It calculates and prints the results of division and multiplication, addition and subtraction, subtraction within parentheses, and exponentiation. The code illustrates different mathematical calculations and their outcomes.

To try your knowledge of Python Operators, you can take out the quiz on Operators in Python . 

Python Operator Exercise Questions

Below are two Exercise Questions on Python Operators. We have covered arithmetic operators and comparison operators in these exercise questions. For more exercises on Python Operators visit the page mentioned below.

Q1. Code to implement basic arithmetic operations on integers

Q2. Code to implement Comparison operations on integers

Explore more Exercises: Practice Exercise on Operators in Python

Please Login to comment...

Similar reads.

• python-basics
• Python-Operators

Improve your Coding Skills with Practice

What kind of Experience do you want to share?