victorian era presentation

The Late Victorian Period�1870-1901

• Decay of Victorian values
• British imperialism
• Irish question
• Bismarck's Germany became a rival power
• United States became a rival power
• Economic depression led to mass immigration
• Breakdown of Victorian values
• Mood of melancholy
• Aesthetic movement
• The beginning of the modern movement in literature
• Aubrey Beardsley’s drawings
• Prose of George Moore and Max Beerbohm
• Poetry of Ernest Dowson

The Role of Women

• The Woman Question
• Changing conditions of women’s work created by the Industrial Revolution
• The Factory Acts (1802-78) – regulations of the conditions of labor in mines and factories
• The Custody Act (1839) – gave a mother the right to petition the court for access to her minor children and custody of children under seven and later sixteen.
• The Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act – established a civil divorce court
• Married Women’s Property Acts

Educational Opportunities for Women�

• First women’s college established in 1848 in London.
• By the end of Victoria’s reign, women could take degrees at twelve university colleges.

Working Conditions for Women

• Bad working conditions and underemployment drove thousands of women into prostitution.
• The only occupation at which an unmarried middle-class woman could earn a living and maintain some claim to gentility was that of a governess.

Victorian Women and the Home

• Victorian society was preoccupied with the very nature of women.
• Protected and enshrined within the home, her role was to create a place of peace where man could take refuge from the difficulties of modern life.

Literacy, Publication, and Reading

• By the end of the century, literacy was almost universal.
• Compulsory national education required to the age of ten.
• Due to technological advances, an explosion of things to read, including newspapers, periodicals, and books.
• Growth of the periodical
• Novels and short fiction were published iin serial form.
• The reading public expected literature to illuminate social problems.

The Victorian Novel

• The novel was the dominant form in Victorian literature.
• Victorian novels seek to represent a large and comprehensive social world, with a variety of classes.
• Victorian novels are realistic.
• Major theme is the place of the individual in society, the aspiration of the hero or heroine for love or social position.
• The protagonist’s search for fulfillment is emblematic of the human condition.
• For the first time, women were major writers: the Brontes. Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot.
• The Victorian novel was a principal form of entertainment.

Victorian Poetry

• Victorian poetry developed in the context of the novel. Poets sought new ways of telling stories in verse
• All of the Victorian poets show the strong influence of the Romantics, but they cannot sustain the confidence the Romantics felt in the power of the imagination.
• Victorian poets often rewrite Romantic poems with a sense of belatedness.
• Dramatic monologue – the idea of creating a lyric poem in the voice of a speaker ironically distinct from the poet is the great achievement of Victorian poetry.
• Victorian poetry is pictorial; poets use detail to construct visual images that represent the emotion or situation the poem concerns.
• Conflict t between private poetic self and public social role.

Victorian Drama

• The theater was a flourishing and popular institution during the Victorian period.
• The popularity of theater influenced other genres.
• Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde transformed British theater with their comic masterpieces.

Images of the Victorian Period

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Victorian Era Timeline

By: History.com Editors

Updated: August 11, 2023 | Original: March 15, 2019

The Victorian Era was a time of vast political reform and social change, the Industrial Revolution , authors Charles Dickens and Charles Darwin , a railway and shipping boom, profound scientific discovery and the first telephone and telegraph. But the Victorian Era—the 63-year period from 1837-1901 that marked the reign of Queen Victoria —also saw a demise of rural life as cities and slums rapidly grew, long and regimented factory hours for many laborers, the bloody Jack the Ripper and even bloodier Crimean War .

Queen Victoria, who was born in 1819 and ascended the throne at age 18, was Britain’s second-longest reigning monarch (surpassed only by Queen Elizabeth II ). Her rule during one of Britain’s greatest eras saw the country create the world’s biggest empire, with one-fourth of the global population owing allegiance to the queen.

Here’s a timeline of innovations and events that helped define the Victorian Era.

May 24, 1819 : Alexandrina Victoria is born in Kensington Palace . As a royal princess, she is recognized as a potential heir to the throne of Great Britain.

Aug. 1, 1834 : The British empire abolishes slavery , and more than 800,000 formerly enslaved people in the British Caribbean are eventually set free. The government provides compensation to slave owners, but nothing to formerly enslaved people.

June 20, 1837 : Queen Victoria takes the crown at the age of 18. The granddaughter of King George III , her father died when she was just 8 months old, and her three uncles also died, putting her first in line as heir to the throne. An estimated 400,000 people thronged the streets of London for her coronation in Westminster Abbey .

July 25, 1837 : The first electric telegraph is sent between English inventor William Fothergill Cooke and scientist Charles Wheatstone, who went on to found The Electric Telegraph Company.

May 8, 1838 : The People’s Charter , the result of the Chartism protest movement, calls for a more democratic system including six points: the right to vote for men age 21 and older; no property qualification to run for Parliament ; annual elections; equal representation; payment for members of Parliament; and vote by secret ballot.

Sept. 17, 1838 : The first modern railroad line, the London-Birmingham Railway , opens, starting the steam-powered railway boom and revolutionizing travel.

Feb. 10, 1840 : Queen Victoria marries German Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, her first cousin. As queen, she was the one to propose. During their 21 years of marriage (until Albert died of typhoid in 1861) the couple had nine children. They also introduced many typically German Christmas traditions to Britain, such as decorated Christmas trees .

May 1, 1840 : The Penny Black, the world’s first postage stamp sold for one penny, is released in Britain, featuring a profile portrait of Queen Victoria. More than 70 million letters are sent within the next year, a number that tripled in two years. It’s soon copied in other countries, and the stamp is used for 40 years.

Dec. 19, 1843 : Charles Dickens, one of the era’s greatest writers, publishes A Christmas Carol . Other works from the author during this period—many featuring protests against class and economic inequality—include Oliver Twist , Great Expectations , David Copperfield and Nicholas Nickleby .

September 1845 : Ireland’s potato crop begins to fail from a widespread mold infestation, causing the Irish Potato Famine , also known as the Great Hunger, that leads to 1 million deaths and caused 1 to 2 million people to emigrate from the country, landing in various cities throughout North America and Great Britain.

May 1, 1851 : The brainchild of Prince Albert, the Great Exhibition opens in London’s Crystal Palace, with 10,000-plus exhibitors displaying the world’s technological wonders—from false teeth to farm machinery to telescopes. Six million visitors attend what would become the first world’s fair before it closes in October.

April 7, 1853 : Queen Victoria uses chloroform as an anesthetic during the delivery of her eighth child, Leopold. Though controversial at the time, Victoria’s embrace of anesthesia quickly popularized the medical advancement.

Dec. 24, 1853 : The Vaccination Act makes it mandatory for children born after Aug. 1, 1853, to be vaccinated against smallpox . Parents failing to comply are fined or imprisoned.

March 28, 1854 : France and Britain declare war on Russia, launching the Crimean War, which largely surrounds the protection of the rights of minority Christians in the Ottoman Empire. History’s most famous nurse, Florence Nightingale , helps reduce the death count by two-thirds by improving unsanitary conditions. An estimated 367,000 soldiers died in the two-year conflict.

Nov. 24, 1859 : The controversial On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin is published, presenting his theory of natural selection and challenging the theory of creation.

January 9, 1863 : The world’s first underground railway, the London Underground, opens. About 9.5 million people would ride the steam trains during their first year of operation.

Dec. 9, 1868 : Liberal William Gladstone defeats Conservative Benjamin Disraeli to become prime minister, a position he held for four non-consecutive terms. His legacy includes reform for Ireland, establishing an elementary education program and instituting secret ballot voting.

March 7, 1876 : Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell is awarded a patent on his invention of the telephone, and, three days later, famously makes the first phone call to Thomas Watson, his assistant.

May 1, 1876 : Under the direction of Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, India , which has been under British rule since 1858, declares Queen Victoria Empress of India.

August 2, 1880 : The Elementary Education Act of 1880 makes school attendance mandatory for children from ages five to 10, effectively reducing the hours children can be forced to spend working in fields, mills, mines and factories.

Aug.-Nov. 1888 : An unknown killer named Jack the Ripper murders and mutilates five prostitutes in London, striking terror into the heart of the city.

May 26, 1897: The Irish novelist Bram Stoker publishes Dracula , the story of a now-legendary vampire of aristocratic bearing, inspired in part by his visit to ghostly ruins in the seaside Yorkshire town of Whitby.

Jan. 22, 1901 : Queen Victoria dies on the Isle of Wight at age 81, ending the Victorian Era. She is succeeded by Edward VII, her eldest son, who reigned until his death in 1910. At the time of her death, the British Empire extended over roughly one-fifth of the earth’s land surface, giving rise to the claim, “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

India from Queen Victoria’s time to independence. The History Press . Past Prime Ministers: William Ewart Gladstone. Gov.uk . Benjamin Disraeli, the Earl of Beaconsfield. Gov.uk . An Introduction to Victorian England (1837-1901). English Heritage . What happened during the Victorian era? Royal Museums Greenwich . Queen Victoria uses chloroform in childbirth, 1853. Financial Times .

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The Victorian Age Introductory Notes British Literature.

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Introductory Notes British Literature

The Victorian Era Poetry.

The Victorian Period A Time of Change Age of Industry – prosperity and change Science is on the rise World’s foremost imperial power Changes.

Victorian Literature.

THE VICTORIAN PERIOD REIGN:

The Victorian Period

Queen Victoria ( ) Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for 63 years. It was the longest reign in England’s history.

THE VICTORIAN AGE: A GOLDEN AGE OR AN AGE OF MISERY?

file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Cheryl/My Documents/My Pictures/Queen Victoria_IMDB.ht Queen Victoria.

THE VICTORIAN ERA QUEEN VICTORIA She had the longest reign in British history Became queen at the age of 18; she was graceful and self-assured.

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The Victorian Era Family Structure, Industrialization, and the Status of Women.

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The Victorian Era

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Victorian Era

What is the Victorian Era?

• In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's regin from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.
• The era followed by Georgian period and preceded Edwardian period.

Victoria was born at Kensington Palace, London, on 24 May 1819. She was the only daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III. Her father died shortly after her birth and she became heir to the throne because the three uncles who were ahead of her in the succession - George IV, Frederick Duke of York, and William IV - had no legitimate children who survived.Warmhearted and lively, Victoria had a gift for drawing and painting; educated by a governess at home, she was a natural diarist and kept a regular journal throughout her life. On William IV's death in 1837, she became Queen at the age of 18.

Queen Victoria

Structure of Society

Middle Class

Upper Class

Working class

The hereditary aristocratic families by the early 19th century had taken a keen interest in the industrial sector.

The Upper Class was in a powerful position giving them authority, better living conditions, and other facilities.The peerage is legal system of British nobility ranks,titles, and honours where the holder of the titles has the right to sit in the House of Lords.

The middle class was the next in social ranking.The Victorian period was very prosperous for the middle class and they also owned and managed vast business empires.The Industrial Revolution opened the doors for more job opportunities and earn a decent living.This turn had a positive impact on the education of children.

Middle class

Working Class

The lowest among the social hierarchy were the working class.This class remained aloof to the political progress of the country and was affected to the other two classes.The working class was the worst affected class in the Victorian time.

Victorian Women Condition

Industrial Revolution attributed to the change in the status of women.According to the traditional family pattern, there was a strong presence of male dominance in the society. Women were to obey what men told them to do.The revolution gave women an opportunity to work and earn money, thus changing the old beliefs.

Victorain Values

The Victorians were great moralizers. They promoted a code of values based on personal duty, hard work, respectability and charity.Respectability was a mixture of morality, hypocrisy and conformity to social standards.

Victorain britain history

17 September 1838

London-Birmingham line opens and the railway boom starts

1 August 1838

Slavery is abolished in the British empire

People's Charter advocates social and political reform

Charles Dickens' 'Oliver Twist' is published

Victoria comes to the throne after the death of William IV

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The Victorian Age - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Victorian Age

The victorian age the victorian era, spanning from 1830 1901, was a period of dramatic change the world over, and especially in england, with the rapid extension of ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• The Victorian era, spanning from 18301901, was a period of dramatic change the world over, and especially in England, with the rapid extension of colonialism through large portions of Africa, Asia, and the West Indies, making England a pre-eminent centre of world power and relocating the perceived centre of Western Civilization from Paris to London.
• The Victorian early period (183048) can be described as a time of dramatic change, with the improvement of the railroads and the country's first Reform Parliament, but it was also a time of economic distress.
• Although the mid-Victorian period (184870) was not free of the previous period's problems, it was a time of overall prosperity and general social satisfaction with further growth of the empire improving trade and economic conditions.
• The later period (18701901) was a time of changing attitudes about colonialism, industrialization, and the possibility of making scientific advancements.
• The conditions of publishing, including the prominence of the periodical press, dramatically shaped the form and production of literature in the Victorian era.
• We are interested in the era of 1870-1901
• There is an attitude of change
• Colonialism
• Industrialization
• Scientific advancements
• Rebellions and war in the colonial territories made the public increasingly more aware of the costs of empire.
• Various events challenged the sense of England's endless prosperity as a world power, such as the emergence of Bismarck's Germany and its threats to English naval and military positions and the expansion of the American grain industry, driving down the price of English grain.
• Socialist movements grew out of this discontentment, as well as a melancholy spirit in the writing of the end of the century. Oscar Wilde's making a pun of "earnest," a typical and sincerely used mid-Victorian word, is typical of a dying Victorianism.
• In addition to social and economic changes, dramatically affecting the content of literature during the Victorian era, other technological changes in publishing shaped literary production in other ways. 
• The conditions of publishing, including the prominence of the periodical press, dramatically shaped the form of literature. 
• Serialization of novels, for example, allowed for an author to alter the shape of his narrative based on public response to earlier instalments.
• In the later years of the era, authors started to position themselves in opposition to this broad reading public and serialization gave way to three-volume editions.
• The Victorian novel was primarily concerned with representing a social reality and the way a protagonist sought and defined a place within this reality.
• The increased popularity of periodicals also allowed non-fiction to become a widespread and popular literary genre.
• Victorian poetry was also published in periodicals and underwent its own dramatic changes during the era, with Victorian poets seeking to represent psychology in new ways.
• Theatre, on the other hand, was a popular form of entertainment, but did not flourish aesthetically until the end of the Victorian era.
• There was a rich connection in the Victorian period between visual art and literature.
• Much Victorian aesthetic theory makes the eye the most authoritative sense and the clearest indicator of truth.
• Victorian poetry and the Victorian novel both value visual description as a way of portraying their subjects.
• This emphasis on the visual creates a particularly close connection between poetry and painting. Books of fiction and poetry were illustrated, and the illustrations amplified and intensified the effects of the text.
• The texts, engravings, and paintings provide an insight into the connection between the verbal and the visual so central to Victorian aesthetics.
• "All art is at once surface and symbol. Those who go beneath the surface do so at their own peril. Those who read the symbol do so at their own peril."--by Oscar Wilde, Preface, "The Picture of Dorian Gray"
• The novel opens with Henry Wotton and his friend, Basil Hallward. The pair are admiring a painting recently of a young man of extraordinary personal beauty. (Wilde, 1992, pg.5) The young man in question is Dorian Gray.
• One evening, Dorian realises that his beauty will soon wither and fade, and makes a deal with the devil to retain his youth If it were only the other way! If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old!(Wilde, 1992, pg.24)
• Dorian and Sybil
• Dorian meets a young actress, Sybil Vane and spends his evenings watching her perform at a local theatre. He woos her for a short time and soon proposes marriage, which she accepts. Sybils brother James vows that if this man wrongs my sister, I will find out who he is, track him down and kill him like a dog. (Wilde, 1992, pg.58)
• The next evening Dorian, Basil and Henry go to watch Sybil perform, but her acting is appalling. After the performance Dorian breaks off his engagement to Sybil, declaring that he cannot ever love her. Upon returning home Dorian realises that the facial expression of his portrait has altered to reflect his cruel treatment of Sybil.
• Dorian decides that the proper thing to do is to go back to Sybil and reaffirm his love for her however, the next day Dorian hears the news that the young actress has killed herself in the night.
• The Altered Portrait
• After this incident and over the following years Dorian leads a life of debauchery the portrait alters each time a sin is committed. Dorians debauchery is heavily influenced by an unnamed book given to him as a gift by Henry.
• Many years later Basil goes to visit Dorian with the intention of confronting him about the sinful life he has been living. Dorian does not deny the things he has done and takes Basil to see the portrait that has always remained hidden.
• On seeing the altered portrait, Basil begs Dorian to repent his sins. Dorian, in a fit of madness and resentment stabs Basil to death. He seeks out Alan Campbell, an acquaintance, and blackmails him into destroying Basils corpse.
• Following this incident, James Vane inadvertently catches Dorian leaving an Opium den but releases him, believing him too young to have been the man involved with his deceased sister. A passing woman reveals to James that he is indeed the man in question. The following week, Dorian spots James on the grounds but the next day James is accidentally killed while Dorian and his friends are out hunting.
• Dorians Final Act
• Dorian finally realises the error of his ways and reaffirms his desire to be good, hoping that the portrait will change to reflect his new life. When he inspects the painting he finds that there is no real change except that the painting has a look of cunning, and in the mouth the curved wrinkle of the hypocrite. (Wilde, 1992, pg.176)
• In a fit of rage, Dorian seizes the knife he used to kill Basil and stabs the portrait with it. His servants hear a scream and call for the police. When they arrive they find the portrait as it originally was and a corpse aged horribly and unidentifiable it was only when they examined the rings that they recognised who it was. (Wilde, 1992, pg.177)
• Wilde, O., 1992, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions Limited
• Homoerotic love?
• Homoerotic love is an underlying theme of the novel, although it is never stated directly. Both Lord Henry and Basil Hallward are deeply attracted to Dorian Gray on account of his great physical beauty. Basil insists that his love for Dorian is "noble and intellectual," and there is no reason to doubt him. But he also speaks about Dorian in terms that a man would normally speak about a lover and about falling in love. "I worshipped you," he says to Dorian. "I grew jealous of every one to whom you spoke. I wanted to have you all to myself. I was only happy when I was with you" (chapter 9). Basil sublimates any erotic dimension to his feelings about Dorian by pouring them into his art.
• Lord Henry prefers the company of Dorian to that of his wife, and he consistently expresses misogynist views. He worships youthful male beauty as embodied in Dorian, and he encourages Dorian to give full rein all his secret desires. When he says the following to Dorian, he may well be suggesting that Dorian has a previously unacknowledged sexual attraction to men "You have had passions that have made you afraid, thoughts that have filled you with terror, day-dreams and sleeping dreams whose mere memory might stain your cheek with shame-" The language here, and the use of the word "shame," suggests that Dorian's "sins," although they are never explicitly described, may be of a sexual nature. One has to remember that in the Victorian age, attitudes to homosexuality are very different from what they are today.
• The novel presents a contrast between art and life. Art possesses beauty and form it is contrasted with the ugliness and shapelessness of real life. Lord Henry encourages Dorian to treat his own life as if it were a work of art. He must experience it fully, as one would a piece of art, but at the same time remain detached from it, in the way that one might appreciate a great painting or a play. This involves a paradox he must be at once involved and uninvolved, fully participating, not drawing back from anything, but always remaining a spectator. Such is Lord Henry's notion. He is depicted as being a connoisseur of all the arts and surrounds himself with objects of beauty. He maintains the essential detachment that enables him, or at least he claims it does, to avoid the pain of the world. It also means that he does not adopt moral positions on anything, since that would mean taking life more seriously than art. For Lord Henry, the purpose of life is not to exhibit one's moral prejudices but to contemplate beauty.
• The contrast between art and life can be seen in the chapters that describe Dorian's walk to the theater where Sibyl Vane performs and on his ride to the opium den. In both instances, the sordidness of these parts of London is described. Dorian feels this keenly, and he takes refuge in the art that Sibyl creates. Her value to him is that she enables him to live out Henry's creed. When she ceases to show an interest in art, Dorian ceases to be interested in her. On the ride to the opium den, Dorian's position has changed. He now embraces the ugliness of life. He has forgotten the creed that Henry taught him. He has exchanged art for life-and that itself is a sin, in Oscar Wilde's credo.
• Sensual GratificationLord Henry's philosophy of life, which is adopted by Dorian, is that the senses should be indulged to the full. In the fleeting sense experience lies the intensity of life, and all life is simply a series of these intense moments. This is not intended as a mindless indulgence for the sake of it, but is a conscious quest for beauty.
• Dorian thus learns to cultivate all kinds of sense experience, passions and sensations in the pursuit of beauty. He studies exotic perfumes, he collects musical instruments and precious stones. He once went to a costume ball wearing an outfit covered with 560 pearls. Neither Henry nor Dorian believe in any restrictions on desire, because desire is life itself, whereas self-denial in the name of morality is exactly that-a denial of life. Henry's belief is that self-development, not self-restraint, is the purpose of life. He describes this philosophy as a new Hedonism. It is a refined understanding and appreciation of life that amounts to a form of spirituality.
• And so Henry's friend and disciple Dorian believes that in indulging the senses he is freeing them to be what are intended to be, a channel for the experience of beauty. In chapter 11, he states his belief that the senses have never been properly understood before "they had remained savage and animal merely because the world had sought to starve them into submission or to kill them by pain, instead of aiming at making them elements of a new spirituality, of which a fine instinct for beauty was to be the dominant characteristic"
• 1. There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well written, or badly written. (Preface)
• 2. There is only one thing in the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about." (Ch. 1, Lord Henry, to Basil.)
• 3. A man cannot be too careful in the choice of his enemies. (Ch. 1, Lord Henry)
• 4. The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it. (Ch. 2, Lord Henry)
• 5. "To me, beauty is the wonder of wonders. It is only shallow people who do not judge by appearances." (Ch. 2, Lord Henry)
• 6. "I can sympathize with everything, except suffering." (Ch. 3, Lord Henry at the lunch at Aunt Agatha's.)
• 7. "Men marry because they are tired women, because they are curious both are disappointed." (Ch. 4, Lord Henry explains why he advises Dorian never to marry.)
• 8. "A cigarette is the perfect type of a perfect pleasure. It is exquisite, and it leaves one unsatisfied. What more can one want? (Ch. 6, Lord Henry.)
• 9. "It is better to be beautiful than to be good. But . . . it is better to be good than to be ugly." (Ch. 17, Lord Henry to the Duchess of Monmouth.)
• 10. "To get back my youth I would do anything in the world, except take exercise, get up early, or be respectable." (Ch. 19, Lord Henry to Dorian.)
• There are allusions to two myths first, the story in the book of Genesis about the garden of Eden, the temptation of Eve by the serpent, and the fall of man and second, to the Faust legend.
• The second chapter of the novel strongly suggests a temptation scene. It takes place in a garden. Basil Hallward, the painter, is like God the creator he has just created the picture of Dorian in all his perfection.
• The tempter is Lord Henry, who wants to persuade Dorian to ignore all the conventional rules of society, just as the serpent wants Eve to disregard the commandments from God. Dorian is like the first man, Adam, innocent in his perfection, who is being told by the serpent to taste of the forbidden fruit of sensual experience. At various crises in Dorian's life, Henry retains the role of the tempter. He is at Dorian's side encouraging him to adopt an attitude toward life that will cost him dear in the long run. For example, when Dorian and Henry discuss the death of Sibyl, Henry encourages him to view it from a detached point of view, like an episode in a play. This means that Dorian never develops the moral sense necessary to balance his love of sensual experience. He "falls" and his soul is blackened.
• In the Faust legend, Faust sells his soul to the devil in order to gain knowledge and power. Dorian is a Faustian figure because he wants to obtain eternal youth, something that under normal circumstances no human being can obtain. He enters into a Faustian bargain when he prays that he might be able to remain forever young while the process of aging is confined to the picture. When the woman at the opium den says that "Prince Charming" sold himself to the devil for a pretty face, she is unconsciously referring to the Faust myth.
• On publication, The Picture of Dorian Gray met with a storm of hostile reviews which condemned the book for its alleged immorality. The tone of the reviews was often virulent. The critic for the Daily Chronicle wrote, "It is a tale spawned from the leprous literature of the French Decadent s-a poisonous book, the atmosphere of which is heavy with the mephitic odours of moral and spiritual putrefaction." Others suggested that the authorities should consider prosecuting Wilde for the content of the book. Wilde replied, in letters to literary magazines, that the novel had a moral message that "all excess, as well as all renunciation, brings its own punishment." He points out that Dorian, "having led a life of mere sensation and pleasure, tries to kill conscience, and at that moment kills himself." Wilde also claimed that Basil worshiped physical beauty too much and instilled vanity into Dorian, and that Henry suffered because he sought merely to be a spectator of life.
• Wilde is correct in the sense that Dorian does meet a bad end, and one could find passages where he is explicitly condemned, such as when he leaves the opium den, "Callous, concentrated on evil, with stained mind and soul hungry for rebellion." But the novel is far from being a simple moral parable that sin meets with punishment. There is a discrepancy between the moral framework and the overall tone of the novel. Wilde takes such relish in the luxurious sensual descriptions of Dorian's life that it can sound as if he approves of it. His heart is more in the varieties of sensation that he gives to his protagonist than in his moral condemnation of him. There is perhaps a parallel here with Milton's Paradise Lost. Many readers feel that the hero of the epic is not Christ but Satan, because Milton seems to put so much more energy and life into his devil than in his God. The poet William Blake once famously said of Milton that he was "of the devil's party without knowing it." Perhaps it might be said that Wilde was of Dorian's party-and only succeeded in partially disguising the fact.
• Mr. Utterson is a London lawyer who is a friend of Dr. Jekyll. Jekyll gave up his regular practice to experiment with non-traditional medicine. Utterson is concerned because Jekyll has written a will that leaves all his money to his new partner Mr. Hyde. Utterson has heard bad things of Hyde and disliked him at first sight. The lawyer thinks his friend is being blackmailed.
• One day, the lawyer is asked to identify the body of a murdered man, Sir Danvers Carew, one of Uttersons clients. Hyde is suspected of the murder, but he has disappeared. Jekyll swears that he has not seen Hyde and has broken with him forever. The case remains unsolved and Jekyll becomes more sociable than he had been.
• Suddenly, though, he locks himself into his laboratory, yelling to the servants through the door, directing them to gather chemicals for him. The servants recognize a change in his voice and think that their master has been murdered another man has taken his place in the lab. They call Utterson who breaks down the door. On the floor lies Hyde, who has killed himself with poison. Sadly, Utterson assumes Hyde returned and killed Jekyll, but the doctors body is nowhere to be found.
• He does find, however, a letter in which Jekyll explains his relationship to Hyde. Jekyll had sometimes indulged in debauches which, if discovered, could have ruined his reputation and of which he is ashamed. Pondering this split in his personality, he decides to find a way to separate his two beings. Jekyll creates a potion that releases his evil side, Mr. Hyde. Hyde is shorter and smaller than Jekyll, having not had as much exercise.
• For a while Jekyll enjoys his two bodies he can do whatever he likes without fear of discovery. His pleasure is stunted when Hyde kills Carew in a nonsensical fit, and he resolves never to take the potion again. Hyde is now strong, however, and emerges whether Jekyll will have him or not. Indeed, Jekyll must use the potion to be rid of him if only for a moment. Jekyll knows that it is only by killing his body that Hydes body, too, will die.
• The story has a complex view of the relationship between body and mind. The mind and body are intricately linked. Indeed, the mind can make a body different. Thus, Hyde must have his own distinct body he does not merely "take over" Jekylls body. On the other hand, before the experiment, Hyde and Jekyll both live in one body. Or, perhaps they are not two minds, then, but two aspects of one mind. Stevenson does not try to resolve these complexities so much as make them available. His story is primarily a critique of non-rational science.
• http//bookstove.com/book-talk/how-does-robert-lou is-stevenson-challenge-and-criticise-victorian-ide als-through-the-story-of-jekyll-and-hyde/
• The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was written in 1885 by Robert Louis Stevenson. Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist andtravel writer who is best known for two of his novels, Treasure Island and the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.
• The novella was published toward the end of the Victorian era, a period that was a time of change for England. It was the time of the industrial revolution and a lot of new technology came about, most people moved to the big cities and developed new lifestyles, and a lot of ideas in science also came about. During this period the lifestyles depended on personal wealth and status. Everyone was divided into social classes and communities. The society was very patriarchal but things were changing.
• The Victorian society preferred not to acknowledge the rational and prized reputation and decorum above all. If something threatened to upset the social society they preferred to repress the truth and this led to a lot of the upper classes being blackmailed by lower classes because if the word got out that they had done wrong their reputation would be soiled and for this reason the lower classes made the upper classes pay them to keep quiet about bad things.
• The Victorians often feared the Unknown, the Uncanny, a concept developed by Sigmund Freud where something can be familiar yet foreign at the same time leading to uneasiness, and also the Supernatural.
• Jekyll and Hyde challenges several Victorian values by showing several of the flaws that were brushed under the carpet to make it seem as if nothing was wrong and to make it seem like everything was perfect. Jekyll and Hyde is written in the genre of gothic fiction, often called gothic horror, which is a literature genre that combines horror and romance. The genre is believed to have been created by Horace Warpole, an English author, in 1764 in the novel the castle of Otanto. The features in the novella that are gothic are the setting and the way its described, supernatural, doubles and death, and also the reaction to Victorian values, the way it exposes the fears of main society and the elements of detective fiction, e.g. if he be Mr Hyde, I shall be Mr Seek, which shows how they wish to find out about particular things in life. The features of romanticism are the way it asserts emotion and intuition over rationalism, strong examples of fear and a slight fascination with death.
• Stevenson used the character of Jekyll to criticise and challenge Victorian values. He does this as Jekyll lives in a nice house, is quite wealthy, is well respected and has a good background. This reputation led to repression, a Freud theory which means the unconscious hiding of uncomfortable thoughts, of certain urges such as to do wrong and to be Hyde. His house is described as being in a square of ancient, handsome houses which shows that he is well off in life, Jekyll himself is described as well known. These things show that he is upper class and the contrast shown with his experimentations and creation of Hyde shows that not everyone is how they seem on the outside. His scientific experiments are done with a particular drug, whose name is not mentioned, and Jekyll is determined to find a way to unlock his second side, man is not truly one, but truly two. This shows how he was asserted that humans have a dual nature, this challenges Victorian ideals as they believed that dualism was a theory that was not possible and they believed it to be unacceptable, and it was this that led to his experimentations with a drug that he knew risked his life. When he first becomes Hyde he says that he felt younger, lighter, happier in body which shows how he initially enjoys being Hyde and that he feels better within himself, he also says later in this chapter that he was tasting delight from every blow which shows how he likes beating people and also reveals his guilty pleasures as it shows what, deep down, he really wants to do at times and he uses Hyde as an emotional outlet.
• After Hyde murders Carew, Jekyll starts to hate Hyde and says it was the horror of being Hyde that racked me, which suggests torture, and also I, who sicken and freeze at the mere thought of him which shows his complete transformation from loving Hyde to hating Hyde and also shows how Hyde makes him feel sick. At first Jekyll feels no guilt about being Hyde and of the bad deeds he is doing which suggest he is quite shallow and also that he doesnt really think about his actions and what would come of them which show him to be quite hypocritical. Jekyll eventual complete transformation into Hyde suggests that eventually evil will prevail over good if society represses individuals. For this many Victorians would have seen Jekyll as mentally ill and would view him as an outcast and also a degenerate.
• The novella shows the disintegration of Jekyll as it shows how he was very friendly and sociable and how he slowly changed to locking himself away and speaking to no-one, it is said that he would write his orders on a sheet of paper and throw it on the stair. This shows how he wanted no-one to see or hear him because of unexpected transformations into Hyde.
• Hyde is described by several people throughout the novella and none have anything good to say about the way he looks. Enfield states there is something wrong with his appearance, something displeasing, something downright detestable which shows he is a very unpleasant looking man who doesnt have to do much to scare you. Jekyll says his every act and thought centred on self which shows selfishness. Throughout the novella quite a lot of animalistic expressions are used to describe Hyde, my devil had long been caged, and he came out roaring, and the word devil suggests that he is not very nice, the word caged is a comparison to animals which show how Hyde was locked away and the word roaring suggests anger and demonstrates his want to do evil. When Jekyll describes the murder of Carew in the last chapter he says that Hyde was tasting delight from every blow which once again shows his selfishness, it also shows how he gets pleasure and enjoyment from this act, it also challenges Victorian values as this would have been seen as outrageous.
• Hydes house is described as being in a dismal quarter of Soho and is described as a district of some city in a nightmare which shows the bad aura the place gives and also suggests something of Hydes personality as it is dark and unknown and is quite an ugly place which represents the less respectable side of London which challenges Victorian values as they wanted everything to seem perfect.
• Early in the novella Utterson thinks that Hyde is blackmailing Jekyll as Hyde seems to be lower class and it was quite common for lower class members blackmailing higher classes. Many people believe Hyde to be uncanny, a theory developed after the novella was originally published. Hyde has a tendency toward the repetition of criminal behaviour, also called recidivism, as first there is the trampling of the little girl and then the murder of Carew and this suggests that he may have a mental disorder. Victorian people believed strongly in the theory of physiognomy and when they read the description of Hyde they would have thought he was a criminal because of his demeanour as he represents the common criminal who has a disorder.
• Stevensons description of London makes it sound like a dark, scary place and this was done as it challenges Victorian ideals as they wanted London to be seen as a nice respectable place. Stevenson also uses pathetic fallacy to emphasise the gloom and crime going on in London, such as Hydes crimes. The character of Hyde is used to show what was really happening in London and to imply that London wasnt as perfect as it seemed.
• Early in the novella Utterson dreams of Hyde storming around London like a human juggernaut who just knocked people down and carried on walking. The fact that it is set in London suggests that London, like Hyde, has a deep, sinister inside and that once you looked past the appearance you found a dark, bad place. The description as they travel to Hydes house also suggests that Londons a bad place and the weather also mirrors the eeriness of the situation as it says that a great chocolate coloured pall lowered over heaven. A good example of London being described as a bad place is some city in a nightmare which makes it sound very scary and quite gloomy.
• Stevenson seems to suggest that Hyde is a man free from the restraints of society. He proves this in the last chapter as Jekyll, who is Hyde, says I did not even exist which is how he shows how he was so confident as Hyde and this was why he didnt care what he did. He also says Jekyll was now my city of refuge which shows that after his crimes he could just take the drug, turn back to Jekyll and no-one would figure out that it was really him, it also shows a self confidence knowing he could do what he wanted and never be discovered. Jekyll frees himself through Hyde as the things he wishes to do he cannot do himself as it would ruin his reputation.
• Lanyon represents the common Victorian who tries to blend into the background and keep secrets quiet to uphold the perfect world view. He seems to have a problem revealing the truth, never refer to this again which shows how he wishes to not speak about things that threaten the worldly view. Lanyon is, like Jekyll, a scientist, but believes in material science and because of this he says that Jekylls experiments are unscientific balderdash. This shows that he doesnt believe in what Jekyll does and that he thinks hes a bit psychotic. Later in the novella when he sees Hyde transform into Jekyll he has such a shock that he eventually dies. This is because it goes against everything he believes and has believed for most of his life. When he sees the transformation he reacts by screaming O god! repeatedly which shows his fear and shock. He also says I must die and this is because of what he saw with Hydes transformation into Jekyll.
• He writes this into a letter which is to be opened when he and Dr Jekyll are both dead which again suggests his problem of revealing the truth if it threatens the perfect worldly view. This is common of Victorian times as they never told the truth when it threatened to upset the perfect worldly view. Stevenson may have chosen to finally reveal the secret of Jekyll and Hyde in Lanyons narrative as it shows it from a view where he can explain how everything happens. This would also shock the Victorian reader as its from a normal persons point of view.
• Utterson represents the common upper class man who wishes to hide the truth if it threatens the conventional world view. If something without explanation that is shocking occurs he makes up a story that makes it sound reasonable, for example in the last night he says that Jekyll has been plainly seized with one of those maladies that both torture and deform the sufferer which shows how he tries to make a bad situation seem reasonable and to push the truth under the carpet. In the novella he is a key character as he is Jekylls lawyer, Carews lawyer, Enfield confides in him and Lanyon trusts in him immensely. I think Stevenson chose to show most of the story as Utterson because he is a well respected man who represents the common Victorian.
• He prizes reputation above all and even when he suspects Jekyll of criminal behaviour he still tries to save his reputation, we may at least save his credit, he says this at the end of the novella when they discover the truth about Jekyll and although he has committed something outrageous he still wishes to save his reputation, this also shows how much he prizes reputation and that he wishes to save it no matter what. Another example is of Jekylls association with Hyde where he says if it came to a trial your name might appear which shows his concern for his friends reputation and how he wishes Jekyll to disassociate himself from Hyde to save his reputation, when he discovers they are no longer friends he says he is relieved by it. He doesnt seem to want to see the truth which portrays him as narrow minded.
• In conclusion Stevenson challenges and criticises Victorian ideals mainly through the characters of Jekyll, Hyde, Lanyon and Utterson. Jekyll because it shows that someone upper class could be dark and have a deeper side, which wasnt expected in Victorian times. Hyde because he shows what London was really like and also because the way he acts is different to what was expected of people. Utterson because of the way he is so naive and investigates the Jekyll-Hyde saga and doesnt realise the truth. People in modern times would read the novella differently because twists such as a double personality are expected at the end of a book, whereas in Victorian times they werent.
• Nowadays because of things like TV most people know the story of Jekyll and Hyde so they would know what to expect. It would also be read differently in modern day because things like repression of certain feelings and psychic splitti ng are a lot more common in the modern day. People in modern day would also read it differently because of the Jekyll-Hyde expression in the dictionary. Because of things like this people know bits about Jekyll and Hyde and know what occurs with the two of them. People also know a lot because it is popular culture, there have been books, TV programmes, films, cartoons and merchandise about Jekyll and Hyde.

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Victorian Era

Mar 30, 2019

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Victorian Era. Describes things and events that happened during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1907) .

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Victorian Era Describes things and events that happened during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1907)

"I turned half way around and saw Dorian Gray for the first time. I knew that I had come face to face with someone whose mere personality was so fascinating that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself” – Oscar Wilde

History: Timeline • 1837-1901 Queen Victoria’s Reign • 1848 Women began attending University of London • 1843 William Wordsworth becomes poet laureate • 1860 Florence Nightingale founds school for nurses • 1861 United States: Civil War begins • 1865 Lewis Carroll publishes Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland • 1888 Jack the Ripper stalks London’s East End • 1891 United States: Basketball is founded • 1901 Queen Victoria dies and ends the Victorian era

What caused the movement • Disagreed on the crucial issues of the times • Shared a deep confidence in humanity’s ability to better itself • Industrial Revolution • stirred conflicting feelings among Victorian thinkers • Admired the material benefits industrialization had brought • Deplored brutality of factory life and industrial slums • Debate about business • allowed free reign • should the welfare of people and the government take a strong role in the economy • Theory of Evolution • proposed by Charles Darwin • stirred bitter controversy

Characteristics of the Time Period • Prudishness • Excessively modest in speech, conduct, and dress • Legs (gasp) • Old-fashioned • Having conservative behaviors, ways, ideas, or tastes of earlier times • Repression • The rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas, memories, feelings, or impulses http://www.experiencefestival.com/wp/videos/victorian-age-rap/lf_vsESfQWk

Purpose of the movement • Produced diverse styles of literature • Entertaining, profound, scholarly, and humorous • Relevant to readers today • So close to modern times • Brilliant storytellers • Read for: • Literary appreciation • Historical understanding • Pure pleasure • Writers showed the horrible working conditions in the factory • Took steps to expand democracy • better the lives of the poor • Trade policy and Electoral reform • Dominated domestic politics during the first half of the Victorian era • Laws discouraged food imports • Kept food prices high • Angered lower classes

Queen Victoria • Reigned for 64 years • Born in London, England • Died on January 22, 1901 • Cerebral hemorrhage • Reigned during British industrial progress, artistic successes, and political empire building • Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert, died in 1861 from Typhoid • Affected her “psyche” • Went into seclusion for more than 25 years • Appeared during the Golden Jubilee of 1887: • her 50th year on the throne

Social Classes • Starting to change • Middle class growing • Upper class • Simple heredity aristocracy • Changed to • Nobility and wealthy commercial class • Definition of “gentleman and lady” were changing • Working class • Slowly getting reform they wanted • Working conditions: Bad

Rise of Feminism • Women of the time were starting to become a power in society • No longer just confined to the home • Allowed to attend universities • Reduce the working day for women and children • Legalize trade unions

Male Reform • Complete male suffrage • Couldn’t vote if poor • Voters were tenant farmers and better paid male workers, before just for wealthy http://www.experiencefestival.com/wp/videos/victorian-era-video/YN5b_726_UA

Inventions • Great engineers • Created railways, trains, steamships • Built salt factory and sugar refinery • Built a lighthouse so ships wouldn’t crash along the rocks

Influential Writers of the time period • Appealed to people in the middle class • Alfred, Lord Tennyson • Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning • William Wordsworth • Matthew Arnold • George Eliot • Charles Dickens

Matthew Arnold • 1822-1888 • First Victorian poet to focus on “the bewildering confusion” of the Industrial age • The loss of individuals close ties to nature and with each other • Forerunner of the more pessimistic naturalist writers • Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) • A.E. Housman (1859-1936) “Wondering between two worlds, one dead, The other powerless to be born…”

Madame Bovary • 1856 Madame Bovary was first seen • 1857 Madame Bovary, by Gustave Flaubert, was published • Author was taken to court on charges that he was endangering the morals of the very young • Book was banned • Attacked for obscenity, indecent, and banned on sexual grounds • Trial in January 1857 made story notorious • Important French novel • Signaled beginning of feminism

Movement of the Victorian Era • Mostly confined to Europe, specifically England and the United Kingdom • Interested in everything

Works Cited (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2010, from http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Victorians/sally.html Abrams, L. (2001, August 09). Ideals of Womenhood in Victorian Britain. Retrieved October 22, 2010, from BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/victorian_britain/women_home/ideals_womanhood_01.shtml Landow, G. P. (2009, August 2). The Victorian Web. Retrieved November 2, 2010, from Victorian and Victorianism: http://www.victorianweb.org/vn/victor4.html Miller, I. (n.d.). Victoria's Pat. Retrieved November 2, 2010, from http://www.victoriaspast.com/FrontPorch/victorianera.htm Collins, K. K. "Arnold, Matthew." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2010. Web.  5 Nov. 2010.

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The Victorians

Subject: History

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

2 November 2014

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135 Best Victorian-Themed Templates for PowerPoint & Google Slides

With over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too" id="category_description">crystalgraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. below you’ll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 135 best victorian templates for powerpoint and google slides. the text you’ll see in in those slides is just example text. the victorian-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your victorian-related topics and it is included with that template. in addition to the title slides, each of our templates comes with 17 additional slide layouts that you can use to create an unlimited number of presentation slides with your own added text and images. and every template is available in both widescreen and standard formats. with over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too.

Widescreen (16:9) Presentation Templates. Change size...

Slides having open old book on white background background

PPT theme enhanced with old book open isolated on white background backdrop

Presentation design featuring victorian era concept beautiful woman in elegant historical dress and hairstyle sitting in an armchair by a fireplace in her palace baroque fashion

PPT layouts consisting of adventure world of steampunk scientist steampunk man inventor works at the computer in his laboratory victorian interior

Slides featuring steampunk world intelligent steampunk man scientist inventing something in his laboratory victorian interior

Slides consisting of elphinstone college mumbai maharashtra india

PPT layouts featuring urban historical architecture in street in london

PPT theme having vintage victorian style golden skeleton keys concepts of keys to success unlocking potential or achieving goals with blank copy space

Presentation consisting of scientist steampunk man inventor works in his laboratory with victorian interior adventure world of steampunk

Slide deck featuring scientist steampunk man inventor reads a book in his cabinet with victorian interior adventure world of steampunk

Slides consisting of vintage victorian style golden skeleton keys concepts of keys to success unlocking potential or achieving goals with blank copy space

Presentation having victorian woman under a black veil holds out her hand forward black widow in an atmosphere of mystery and mysticism halloween

Theme enhanced with big ben and house of parliament in london at dusk panorama backdrop

Theme having fantasy world scientific inventions portrait of a handsome victorian steampunk man on a grunge background

PPT layouts featuring big ben and house of parliament in london at dusk panorama

PPT theme consisting of victorian christmas setting with fireplace background

PPT layouts featuring handsome steampunk man scientist inventor works in his laboratory with victorian interior

Slide set consisting of rome rooftop panoramic view with ancient architecture in italy

Slides with portrait of a steampunk man scientist inventing something in his laboratory victorian interior backdrop

PPT layouts consisting of historical reconstruction of the victorian era portrait of an elegant woman in vintage dress and hairdo reading a book in her library baroque era

Presentation theme with sundial and tower bridge at waterfront in london background

Slide deck consisting of vintage background

Slide deck having background of vintage victorian style gold skeleton keys concepts of keys to success unlocking potential or security solutions

Theme consisting of background of vintage victorian style gold skeleton keys concepts of keys to success unlocking potential or security solutions

Presentation design consisting of house of parliament sunset panorama in westminster in london - vintage postcard background

Slide set featuring herero woman wearing a victorian style dress outdoors in a village in north botswana

Theme with scientist steampunk man inventor works in his laboratory with victorian interior adventure world of steampunk background

Slide set consisting of royal pavilion in brighton england

Presentation design having amusement pier and boardwalk of brighton in england

Slide deck with glasgow necropolis victorian cemetery closeup view in scotland united kingdom background

PPT layouts enhanced with regency or victorian style gold frame hanging on decorative blue patterned wallpaper

Presentation theme enhanced with herero woman wearing a victorian style dress outdoors in a village in north botswana

Presentation theme enhanced with victorian era concept beautiful woman in elegant historical dress and hairstyle posing in vintage interior baroque fashion

Presentation design enhanced with steampunk inventions portrait of a scientist steampunk man working in his laboratory with victorian interior background

Presentation theme enhanced with spring in back bay backdrop

PPT theme with antique photographs of 3 vintage era women hanging on a rope by clothespins background

Presentation featuring interior of a vintage cottage - kitchen

Slide set enhanced with royal pavilion in brighton england

PPT theme with rembrand style photo of a historical figure writing with a goose feather backdrop

Theme consisting of vintage metal decoration

More victorian templates for powerpoint and google slides:.

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UMGC Global Media Center History Conference Spotlights Undergraduate Research

A research paper on Polish music, an examination of clothing worn in Japanese internment camps and a paper on how Black nationalism influenced the oldest Black theater in the United States were among the undergraduate research findings presented at a virtual history conference hosted by the History Student Society at University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC).

The two-day conference hosted by UMGC students last month turned a spotlight on nine research projects from around the world. The research addressed aspects of world history, and small cash prizes were awarded for the top four presentations.

“The best part of the conference was that it offered history students the chance to develop transferrable skills, present their research to the public, and, for rising seniors, to see how senior thesis projects are modeled,” said Professor Danielle Mead Skjelver, who teaches history at UMGC and serves as faculty advisor for the History Student Society. “UMGC students and alumni from the History Student Society planned and hosted the event.”

The top prize went to Case Western Reserve University student I’Maya Gibbs for a presentation that grew out of her research paper “Black Nationalism and Black Power’s Influence on Karamu House.” Cleveland’s Karamu House is the oldest Black performing arts theater in the United States.

“Studying the history of the theater in the 1960s and 1970s, I noticed a shift in its leadership, artistry and goals, which influenced me to write on the movements that influenced this change, i.e., the Black Power and Black Nationalist Movement,” Gibbs said.

She said she planned to develop her findings further as part of a graduate school dissertation at University of Massachusetts Amherst and a book.  

UMGC Assistant Adjunct Professor of History Stephen Corbett served as keynote speaker for the first day of the conference. He said he was impressed by the students and “their very diverse interests and depth of scholarship.”

Corbett noted that since UMGC is global, “our geographic diversity is also an interesting component that the conference organizers try to reflect.” He pointed out that the student moderator on the first day was a UMGC graduate student who teaches high school in Florida, while the student moderator on the second day was an active-duty military member who worked as a broadcast journalist for the Armed Forces Network in Italy.

UMGC’s Prize Committee for the conference was made up of faculty from the Department of History, alumni, and students. Second-place prize went to another Case Western University student, Grace Lee, for her presentation on “Clothing and Power: Japanese Clothing in Internment Camps.” Third place was claimed by Howard University’s Hugh Goffinet for “Warriors from Another Land,” and fourth place was awarded to Finley Bandy at University of Maryland Baltimore County for “The Reds Are Going Our Way: Race and the Red Scare in Baltimore.”

The generosity of Jessica Sheetz-Nguyen, a retired adjunct professor of history, made the four prizes possible, and Professor Skjelver expressed in a letter to conference participants, “the high quality of the presentations made it challenging for the judges to narrow down the winners.” Prize criteria included a reliance on primary sources, a clear thesis threading through the presentation, presentation skills, and conclusions that encompassed the importance of the research within the context of scholarly discourse.  

“This was an extremely difficult decision this year. All of the presentations exemplified top-notch original research,” Skjelver wrote to conference participants.

The other presentations were:

• “Policing Masculinity and Homosexuality in the SA and SS, 1933-1945” by McKenna Love from the University of Southern Indiana.
• “Bridging Cultures and Breaking Stereotypes: Marion Dudley’s Unique Evolving Perspective on Chinese Women, 1927-1947” by Jingqi Su from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
• “Krzysztof Penderecki's Polskie Requiem: How the Death and Rebirth of Poland Are Expressed Through Music” by Isabelle Wolpert, Boston University.
• “Voting Charities in Victorian Britain” by Skyler Foley, College of William and Mary.
• "The Transformative Decade and the Inspirational Legacy of the United States Most Prolific Sex Work Advocacy Organization: COYOTE (Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics)” by Ailean Duffie, Case Western Reserve University.

“I chose my topic for my capstone, which was a class called Global Victorian Era,” said Skyler Foley, who just graduated from William & Mary on May 17. “I had no idea what I wanted to conduct my research on initially, so I started by looking for primary sources on disability in the Victorian era. In doing so I came across a source on voting charities, and I became extremely interested in the topic. I think it resonated with me because of how clearly wrong these charities were to me. I could not imagine believing these charities were the correct way to improve social conditions, so I got interested in how individuals from the period justified them.”

Love, a junior history major, said she became interested in homosexuality in Nazi organizations while researching medical practices in Nazi Germany. “While conducting this research, I became even more intrigued in Nazi policies and the reasons behind the political decisions they made,” Love said.

UMGC undergraduate Katlin Katrina Muller assisted in planning the event and served as a chat moderator during the first day of the conference. “I love that this conference provides a venue for student voices,” she said.

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