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Best Research Paper Writing Services: The Top 7 You Need to Know About

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It is not uncommon for students to struggle with research paper writing. It is an advanced college task that requires dedication, skills, and time. That’s why many students are in need of expert assistance to fulfill academic requirements.

Fortunately, there are plenty of service providers ready to help. However, finding the legit and credible one is a hustle. That’s why our team created this guide for research paper writers and the best online platforms.

We’ve tested and checked them to find the best seven providers for students. Choosing a suitable research paper writer from the best research paper service is the secret to success. We’ve evaluated the offers, prices, and quality of work provided. We’ve prepared full reviews so you know exactly where to go when you need high-quality assistance with your assignments.

Other criteria include delivery, customer support, and other features students might benefit from. All of these seven platforms are credible, legit, and professional. They all have excellent teams of writers ready to deliver outstanding papers on demand. In this guide, you’ll find the top service to go to when you need assistance with college tasks.

Top 7 Best Research Paper Writing Services Providers

Here is an overall rating of these seven research paper writing services before we dwell into details. We’ve focused on the main benefit each of them offers in terms of the research paper help.

• PaperWriter 🥇 | The Best Research Paper Help Overall | 9.9
• EssayPro 🥈 | The Top One for the US Students | 9.8
• WritePaper 🥉 | One of a Kind Team of Authors | 9.7
• EssayService | The Cheapest Research Paper Writing Services | 9.6
• EssayHub | The Best for Rushed Orders | 9.6
• DoMyEssay | The Best Range of Writing Services | 9.4
• Studyfy | The Best Non-STEM Research Paper Writing Service | 9.1

PaperWriter.com – Excellent Research Paper Writing Help

PaperWriter.com is our top pick overall because the service covers all the criteria completely. It provides high-quality and quick assistance to college students with a variety of assignments. The team assists with essays, dissertations, presentations, homework, and, of course, research papers. Because of the excellent team of writers and customer support professionals, it is the best research paper writing service out there. Students can quickly place an order and get it going.

Besides writing, the service delivers editing and rewriting, which is a great option to ensure your paper is outstanding. The quality of the papers satisfies all the academic requirements. The research is based on relevant and newest data, and all the papers are authentic.

• Wide range of services;
• Timely delivery and work with short deadlines (from 6 hours);
• Convenient price calculator;
• Transparent pricing and many free features like plagiarism reports, formatting, and unlimited revisions;
• Refund policy in place;
• Serious data protection and confidentiality;
• Comfortable ordering process in three clicks.
• The service doesn’t work with deadlines that are in less than 6 hours;
• The first time it might take you some time to choose a writer because the team is so big.

EssayPro.com – One of The Best Research Paper Writing Services in USA

When it comes to US higher education, there is no better research paper helper. EssayPro.com is an outstanding provider that focuses on US students. The team consists of US and Canadian residents who have graduated from these countries’ top universities. They know everything about local requirements and expectations from their first-hand experience.

Another great sign of credibility is that the business has been operating for more than a decade. It has an impressive track record of completed projects and satisfied customers. The team does admission essays, dissertations, case studies, term papers, and research papers writing on demand.

Also, it offers homework help and custom writing. So students can get assistance with anything they are struggling with. The support representatives are available round the clock and happy to answer any questions.

• The service offers assistance with anything students might struggle with;
• All the writers are from the US and Canada, which makes them experts in the local educational system;
• Reasonable pricing and a lot of free features, including originality report, title page, and choice of the best writer;
• A convenient method of placing an order and choosing an author (author profile features completed tasks, credentials, and reviews).
• The platform doesn’t work with extremely short deadlines.

WritePaper.com – Outstanding Research Paper Writers

Although every platform on this list has a solid team, WritePaper.com comes first when it comes to the best research paper writers. All of them are experts with many years of experience in the field. Some have a Master’s degree, but a vast majority have Ph.D. It makes the team fit to complete an assignment of any complexity, whether it is an essay, case study, or dissertation.

Each writer has a profile with stats on works completed, success rate, and reviews. You can also see their level of education and subjects of expertise. It makes the choice of an author for your order relatively easy.

The services include all types of college assignments along with homework help and personal statement writing. Students can also read the blog with plenty of tips and tricks on academic writing. Here you can also find experts to complete niche projects and subjects.

• Proficient and expert team of authors;
• Confidentiality and advanced data protection; 24/7 customer support;
• Additional focus on payment safety;
• Reasonable prices and a full money-back guarantee;
• Free originality reports to all orders, outlines, and formatting.
• There are fewer payment options because the platform trusts only some gates.

EssayService.com – The Cheapest of the Best Research Paper Writing Services

Some might think it is expensive to buy research papers online; however, it is not the case with EssayService. The provider knows that budget is crucial for many students, so it offers many deals and discounts. For example, the first order comes with a 15% discount, which is fantastic. It is a platform of choice for those who want to save some money without compromising on quality.

Besides the budget-friendly policy, the platform delivers a wide range of papers. The writers’ team is qualified and experienced. Students can order not only research assignments but also dissertations, essays, term papers, and MBA essays.

Also, custom writing is available. The platform has excellent reviews and hundreds of thousands of happy clients.

• Various deals and discounts that make writing assistance affordable;
• A lot of free features like plagiarism reports, edits, and formatting;
• Huge range of services from essays to book reviews and more;
• Individual approach to every order and style imitation service;
• To start, you only need to deposit one-third of the price.
• Finding a suitable author for very niche topics can take time, so it is better to start ordering beforehand.

EssayHub.com – The Best Website to Write My Research Paper in 3 Hours

If you need immediate assignment writing services, EssayHub is ready to help. You can find professional research paper writers that can provide outstanding papers in only 3 hours. So it is the best platform for quickly approaching deadlines.

Also, any paper gets an unlimited number of reviews. If you are not completely satisfied immediately, you can ask a writer to make changes. We were impressed by the quality and delivery.

The delivery is speedy, and all the texts are original. Students can ask for help with any type of text they have issues with. It includes such things as discussion board posts and book reports. So it is a one-stop for all kinds of college tasks, and that’s why the platform has a great percentage of returning customers.

• Extremely quick delivery of orders even with rushed deadlines;
• Experienced writers that can nail all types of assignments;
• Reasonable pricing and easy ordering process;
• Helpful blog with tips on academic writing;
• Ability to communicate with the writer during the process;
• Authentic and original content according to your specific requirements.
• The team is comparatively small, which means the platform can process a smaller number of orders overall.

DoMyEssay.com – The Best Range of Writing Services

Although all of the platforms in the list have impressive services, this one comes first. DoMyEssay can complete anything a student can think of, from a research paper to presentations, annotated bibliographies, and reflective writing texts. It is possible because the platform has a great team of writers with various qualifications.

Students can get assistance with Statistics coursework or ask for a creative writing assignment. Another considerable advantage of this service is that it has even college professors on the team. It allows for fulfilling requirements of any complexity. And it ensures the best results and the highest grades.

Students can also rest assured that their personal data is protected with the best measures. All the papers are authentic, original, and delivered just in time.

• With the broadest range of services out there, students can get assistance with anything;
• Reasonable prices with several free features included;
• Plagiarism report included in every order;
• Style imitation ensures that the paper looks as if you write it;
• Research is based only on credible and scientifically-approved sources;
• All clients get unlimited revisions to ensure satisfaction with the result.
• Payment options are a bit limited to only credible ones;
• The first order processing can take a bit longer.

StudyFy.com – The Best Non-STEM Research Paper Writing Service

This platform delivers help with various kinds of assignments, along with homework and coursework help. Also, the team offers rewriting and editing services to polish your work before submission. The team works best with non-STEM subjects, including Business, Art, Literature, Nursing, Geography, and many more.

Another fantastic feature of this platform is the resources tab. Students can find writing tools, samples, writing, and literature guides there. All of those resources help students to become better writers. Besides that, students can also read a blog with expert guidance on the matter. The best part is that those resources are free, and anyone can access them.

The pricing is reasonable, and the team delivers high-quality and unique papers. The support team representatives are very helpful and available 24/7. Overall, it is an amazing platform for non-STEM research papers.

• Qualified team to work with tasks of different academic levels;
• Original papers with plagiarism reports and unlimited revisions;
• All the necessary features are provided for free, including the outline, title page, and formatting;
• Full confidentiality and data security;
• A lot of valuable resources for students who want to become better writers;
• Great library of essay samples on various subjects;
• Works with rushed orders and deadlines.
• No special deals or discounts are available for students.

Here Is How We Chose Our Top Research Paper Writing Services

So how did we choose these seven platforms to feature in our guide? Here is how our process works.

First, we look for popular services with appropriate ratings. If many people have reviewed it four stars and higher, we want to get a closer look. It matters what sites they are evaluated at. And we also go through the testimonials to figure out the authenticity. At this stage, our team evaluates the legitimacy of a business. Only if it is clean, do we proceed with further inspections.

Secondly, we research the business and the services it offers. We evaluate the range of papers and the team. We look into the claims before we test them out. It is essential that the platform delivers various papers because it is a sign of a diverse and expert team.

Thirdly, we place an order and wait for the result. Based on that, we get to test customer support and service convenience. Another crucial criterion is how easy it is to start and place an order. It shows how user-friendly the site is. And that’s one of the significant factors in evaluating how much the business cares about clients.

And the fourth step is to analyze the received paper in terms of originality and quality. Of course, it is the main deciding factor in our investigation. After all, this is all it comes to – how reliable the platform is. Based on the papers we’ve received, all of these platforms have proven their expertise.

Other factors we consider include additional features, discounts, and prices. Although the average costs are approximately the same, if a platform offers special deals, it can make it significantly more budget-friendly.

Confidentiality and data security are also crucial. We choose only services that imply their websites’ newest and most robust data protection features. Cyber security is something everyone must care about, especially when it comes to paid services. It is how our team inspected these seven services to make sure they are the best when it comes to research papers.

1. How Fast Can They Write My Research Paper?

The delivery time depends hugely on the complexity of the task. The harder it is, the longer it will take an expert to research and write an excellent paper. Delivering essays is pretty fast, but a research paper requires deeper insight and might take more effort.

However, some of the services in this guide work with rushed deadlines. Usually, the minimum is 3 hours. But it is always better to place an order beforehand. First of all, the rushed deadlines might come at an additional fee. Secondly, there is little room for revisions and edits if the deadline is very tight.

2. Are Research Paper Writing Services Cheap?

The average price for academic writing is about $11 per page. But the estimation for each order depends on several major factors. These are the type of assignment, complexity, volume, and deadline.

For example, the higher the academic level of the paper, the more a student will need to pay. At the same time, all the services in our list provide a handful of free features. Those mean free plagiarism reports, unlimited revisions, formatting, outlining, and a title page. Taking all of that into consideration, the price is low.

Also, you get to work with the best in the industry and communicate with authors directly. Also, some of the platforms offer regular discounts and deals for students. It makes research paper writing even more affordable.

3. Who Will Write My Research Paper?

Students choose who will complete the order. All the services listed offer this for free. After you’ve stated your requirements, you can view writers’ profiles and decide who is the most suitable for the job.

You can view the number of completed tasks and the satisfaction rate to decide on that. Also, the profiles feature each professional’s qualifications and areas of expertise. They focus on 2-3 areas they are educated and experienced at. Some are experts in the Humanities, others in STEM.

Another good way to evaluate a writer’s expertise is to read through testimonials of students that worked with them already.

4. How Safe Is It to Use Research Paper Services?

Using any of these seven platforms is completely safe. We’ve gathered only legitimate businesses that have been on the market for years. They are well-established and secure. All of them care deeply about the confidentiality of customers.

They also use various data safety measures to ensure your cooperation remains confidential. Besides that, the platforms have clear terms and conditions along with refund policies. It means that there are no risks. Students can order their papers knowing that their data is secure and they get high-quality results.

5. How Does the Payment Work?

When you place an order, you receive the estimation for your paper. After that, you choose the writer and place a deposit. After getting the paper and confirming satisfaction, the deposit goes to the service.

Some services take only a fraction of the price as a deposit, making it even more convenient for students. Satisfaction means that you’ve read the paper and have no edits or reviews needed. The services accept credit and debit cards. Those are secure and safe payment services that protect all your sensitive information.

6. Why Do Students Use Research Paper Help?

Students might need assistance for various reasons. One of the most common ones is the lack of time. Students have to manage many responsibilities, and finding the right balance is often challenging. Maybe you are overloaded with tasks or have unexpected duties to fulfill. It becomes impossible to do everything on your own.

Professionals can write a paper from scratch, or they can edit and rewrite your work so that it is outstanding. Another primary reason why students opt for such services is that they need guidance.

Academic writing is complex and requires advanced skills. If you are not confident in your research or writing, getting an objective and expert perspective on that is a good idea.

7. How to Order a Research Paper?

To order the paper, you need to go to the website of the provider you’ve chosen from the list. All of them have a convenient ordering system. Students get to fill in the form. First, you need to specify all the fundamental requirements like academic level, type of paper, and deadline. Secondly, you need to put in all other additional requirements.

Usually, students can either type them in or upload a task document. These requirements include professor instructions, textbook information, style specifics, etc. The more specific you’ll be, the better the result you’ll get.

After that, you proceed to choose an author and place a deposit. You can chat with the author while they are working on your text. Students can check on the progress or share more details in person.

8. Will I Get the Original Papers?

Yes, all the papers provided by these services are original and plagiarism-free. We’ve investigated it based on our orders. Originality is one of the crucial demands in the academic world. That’s why professional platforms take pride in the authenticity of their assistance.

Every order is handled individually. There are no premade texts. A writer will start working on an order from scratch (unless you want rewriting or editing).

It begins with proper research of peer-reviewed and scientifically-approved sources. Then comes the outline, draft, and final version.

All the orders come with a plagiarism report so that customers can be confident that they get an original assignment. Also, the style imitation feature allows getting texts that are written in your unique way.

9. What Happens If I Do Not Like the Paper?

If you are dissatisfied, you can ask for as many reviews and edits as needed. In our experience, all the papers were of excellent quality. But miscommunications and errors can happen. If you feel something should be edited, ask the writer to do it without additional charges.

Also, the platforms in our list offer partial and complete refund policies. It is proof of a business being confident in the quality of services.

Final Thoughts Top Research Paper Writing Services Websites

Getting professional assistance with college papers is an excellent way to keep up with all the duties. It is also a powerful learning opportunity. Students can communicate with experts, get an objective perspective on their work, and learn from the best. But it is vital to know who to trust your time and money with. Our team wants to help students get the best services and avoid any risks. That’s why we’ve investigated these services to make sure they are the best in research paper writing.

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The 15 Best Sites for Paid Research Studies

Jenni Sisson, Contributor

• Updated May 24, 2024

Paid research studies are somewhat similar to survey sites , but these studies go a lot more in-depth. The marketing company may ask you to keep a diary of your activities for a week or longer, or they may conduct multiple hour-long phone interviews. They’ll also screen your demographic info much more carefully than if you were conducting simple product tests . 

As such, the payout for research studies is much more than for surveys, with between $50 and $100 per hour being common. Read on to find out more about paid research studies, and which ones are worth your time.

Table of Contents

Key Facts About Paid Research Studies

These studies vary in form and topic and sometimes go by different names, like clinical trials, focus groups, shopalongs, user surveys, paid research opportunities and more. In each case, a company or organization hires a market research firm to answer a question. It could be anything from “Which baby food logo do moms prefer?” to “How many Hispanic citizens in Cincinnati have a favorable view of candidate John Doe?” 

The topic of the research determines what kind of study subjects the project requires, so researchers have to gather respondents of specific demographics. If you sign up for the research company’s database and you fit the profile, they will email or call you to participate in the study. In some cases, you can browse research opportunities and apply to the ones you’re most interested in.

Studies can take various forms: an emailed survey, a phone interview, a video chat, an in-person group panel, keeping a diary of certain activities and more. Your honest responses help companies make marketing and product decisions. 

Here are a few things to keep in mind as you pursue this side hustle:

• You won’t qualify for every study, so plan to apply to a lot of them and with multiple marketing companies.
• Answer honestly. Lie on the surveys and the recruiter will likely ban you from the platform permanently.
• Check your email regularly. Paid research studies are usually time-sensitive, and often the first respondents are rewarded for their punctuality.
• Do your homework. Not every company that claims to do research is legit. Some take your info, “disqualify you” for the study, then sell that info to other companies. Check sites like the Better Business Bureau, Yelp, Reddit and Trustpilot to sift out the time wasters and bad actors.
• Check their payment terms. Companies pay in gift cards, cash, or via apps like PayPal. The timeframe of when you’ll be paid varies widely between companies, so read the fine print.

We’ve compiled a list of some popular companies that conduct paid research studies. Some are generalists, while some cater to a specific clientele or demographic. 

#1. User Interviews

In our experience, User Interviews offers a very high payout compared to the time spent. During our test, we earned a net rate of $55 per hour . Most of the payments are in the form of Amazon gift cards rather than cash, though there are occasionally PayPal options.

#2. Respondent

Respondent focuses their recruitment on IT/tech employees, CEOs and other industry professionals. They offer hefty compensation for participants, which can rise to as much as $750 per hour (according to their website). Respondent pays in PayPal only and only allows you to apply to three studies per day.

While the payouts for Respondent studies are high, it can be difficult to qualify for them. Professionals in IT and other technology business roles tend to have an easier time. You can only apply to the B2B studies if you link your work email to your Respondent profile.

We only earned $31 per hour in our Respondent testing , but that still makes this one of the highest-paying market research opportunities we’ve discovered. 

A Reddit user who goes by the screen name sauciestcoconut claims to have made over $2,000 with DScout , noting that their key to success is that they “literally apply to almost every single mission that I might qualify for. I skip the ones that obviously don’t relate to me (about kids or certain occupations) but I submit several applications a day.”

#4. Universities

These are the original source of paid research studies, so if you live near a university, they can be a great option to make some extra cash. They can be trickier to locate, as each department will have its own recruitment methods.

There is no central repository for these studies that we could find, but here is a list of a few major institutions to get you started:

• Carnegie Mellon (offers online research opportunities)
• University of Nebraska
• University of Texas
• University of Colorado

To sign up to be part of the pool of research study participants at your local university, do an internet search for the university’s name and “paid research studies.” Many (though not all) research studies are conducted in person.

Here’s another route to find these opportunities: if you live near a medical research university, ask your doctor if they know of any clinical trials going on that you may qualify for.

#5. Fieldwork

Fieldwork offers focus groups in 13 locations around the U.S. If you don’t live near one, you can join their online database. They especially need doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals for their studies.

After you register with their site, an employee will call or email you when you come up as a match for a study’s requirements. They have a good reputation as a legitimate company, but users say it’s imperative that you answer the phone when they call . Otherwise, they’ll move on to the next qualifying person on their list.

#6. U.S. Government Clinical Trials

The federal government is always looking for people to participate in clinical trials of various medications and treatments, many of which are conducted through the National Institutes of Health.

These studies can be a particularly good option if you suffer from a chronic medical condition, as you may gain access to cutting-edge treatments before they’re widely available. And as a general rule, these trials are safe; although they may not produce the results that the researchers are hoping for, researchers don’t conduct trials that they believe have the potential to cause harm. 

You can find a list of ongoing clinical trials at clinicaltrials.gov . This is just a repository for the information; each trial is conducted by a different company, university or organization, and you’ll have to contact each study you’re applying for by phone or email. No compensation information is available on the site, and pay rates vary widely depending on factors such as the required time commitment. 

#7. FocusGroup.com

FocusGroup.com has 16 facilities nationwide where you can participate in face-to-face focus groups and panels. These typically pay well, since there’s more work involved in attending an in-person interview than a phone or internet survey.

This company is now owned by Schlesinger Group (rebranded as SAGO), and the change has caused some operational hiccups. For example, there have been several complaints to the Better Business Bureau of participants not getting paid and receiving poor or no communication from the company. However, most of these issues have reportedly been resolved. 

#8. Rare Patient Voice

Due to the nature of this company’s clientele, it is extremely difficult for them to match people to research studies, as they focus on rare diseases and conditions. That said, if you do qualify (and they list their ongoing studies directly on their site), you are handsomely compensated.

Rare Patient Voice has a good reputation, earning an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau . Most of the complaints from participants are related to delayed payment due to an investigation on whether the participant sped through the questions too quickly to give a thorough review. 

#9. FindFocusGroups.com

This site doesn’t host paid research studies directly; it’s more like Craigslist for vetted, high-paying focus groups. (That means you’ll have to apply to each study individually.) Focus groups are sorted by city and state, but there are nationwide online groups as well.

The interface of the site is filled with ads, so make sure that when you click on a sign-up link you’re signing up for an individual study, not clicking over to a random advertiser (some of whom make their ads looks like study invitations).

The reputation of FindFocusGroups.com is hard to speak to as the site is just a board that posts the focus groups of various companies.

#10. SIS International

As you might guess from the name, SIS International is one of the few companies on this list that is open to participants around the world. Their research covers a broad range of industries — everything from burgers to butane.

Participants seem to like participating in SIS International’s research. The company has five stars on Trustpilot and many complimentary reviews from former study participants. 

#11. Probe Market Research

Probe Market Research has three focuses: consumer studies, business-to-business research and healthcare. It’s a legit company, though some participants complain of late payments and the inconvenience of getting paid in virtual Visa cards , which can only be used online and expire in 90 days. However, the company has four stars on Yelp and most reviews are positive.

#12. Focus Insite

Though they pay well, several Reddit users note that it’s pretty hard to qualify for these studies . Though the reviews aren’t all bad; for example, Redditor stormborn29 said , “Focus Insite sent me a really nice vacuum to test, and I was paid $200 — plus I got to keep the vacuum.” 

Focus Insite does, however, have a few unresolved BBB complaints regarding the lack of payment to participants . They have an active Facebook page, but the reviews on that page look unrelated to market research or surveys. In other words, this research company appears to be legit, but we still recommend proceeding with caution. 

#13. WatchLab

If you’re curious about the latest WatchLab studies, check out their Facebook page . WatchLab’s website is geared toward companies that employ them, not participants, so you’ll get more information on Facebook. Many studies are related to social media use.

This firm is notorious for taking a long time to pay , and they’ve been dinged by many users for not paying at all. They only have 2.5 stars on Yelp (based on 32 reviews), and most of the complaints are due to nonpayment. 

GLG presents a different type of opportunity than most of the other companies on this list. They do research on big purchasing decisions, recruit expert witnesses for trials and more. They keep a list of industry experts in management, law, finance and other professional fields to interview or consult on special cases or niche studies.

“Consultants” usually have years of industry experience, and often have leadership roles. A handful of other companies do this too; AlphaSights, Guidepoint, Third Bridge and Coleman are a few others. 

The screening required to become a consultant for GLG and other high-paying research firms is extensive, as they only want respondents that have specific credentials. To get selected, veterans in this consulting side gig world recommend being very detailed in your LinkedIn profile, as recruiters for these studies rely heavily on the platform to identify potential participants.

Many studies are geared toward mid to senior-level professionals, and if you’re matched with a study, you can make up to $500 per hour or more.

#15. Recruit + Field

Recruit + Field covers the U.S., UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. They have an impressive list of clients, including Apple, Netflix, Clinique, Spotify and more. This company is somewhere between a GLG (looking for experts) and FieldWork (looking for all walks of life plus healthcare professionals), as they recruit in each of these areas.

Their reputation is fairly good; Recruit + Field has an A- rating on BBB (only 4 complaints, all of which have been answered). 

What About Apex Focus Group?

When we tested Apex Focus Group , we found that the platform offers none of its own paid research studies and uses misleading marketing tactics to get users to sign up for its email list. Once opted in, the company sends affiliate marketing messages to your inbox. Some of those messages contain legit focus group opportunities, but they’re the same focus groups you could find on your own — often by visiting the sites listed above.

Paid Research Study Sites: Summary and Final Thoughts

You won’t qualify for every study, and unfortunately, no amount of hard work will change that. (Plus these companies now have layers of checks and AI algorithms to vet cheating and lying, so don’t try that either). 

Because of this, paid research studies fall squarely in the side-hustle-only camp. For the best return, apply to a number of studies you have a good chance of qualifying for, and quickly respond when you get a call or email from the market research company (as many studies are deadline driven). 

Whether you’re a stay-at-home parent looking to make a few bucks during naptime or a senior project manager looking for a good-paying, low-maintenance side gig , paid research studies can be an easy way to make extra money.

Different companies cater to different demographics, and hence, want different research participants. So do your homework on the research company before you sign up to get a better response rate. 

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Can we earn money through a research publication?

Is there a way we can get money for our research paper? Do research journals pay us for a research paper? Or can we sell the research paper?

• publications

• I've heard that people in some business schools get bonuses for the papers they publish, in addition to their salary. For an article in a good journal, it can be a four-digit amount. –  Federico Poloni Jan 18, 2015 at 17:20
• You can win prizes for (more or less) outstanding papers, which comes close to earning money (compare top athletes who live from prize money instead of salary). –  Mark Nov 19, 2017 at 12:54

8 Answers 8

Certainly Yes. There are two ways of earning money from publication:

Indirect as @seteropere explains by improving your visibility and getting higher chance of being recruited in higher quality institute with higher payment.

Direct: In many academic or even industrial institutes, researchers are being paid and are bound to perform research and publish paper in certain journals or conferences (mostly journal). If they fail, either they will be fired or will be punished. In order to avoid such experience, many are hiddenly searching for an opportunity to buy a paper in high price. Moreover, there are some universities that pay incentive to publish in journals (like US$ 2000) for each paper published. For instance, I know several people at such universities that need to improve their world ranking via publication and hence pay good money to publish in high-quality journals. But, selling or buying paper is considered unethical because we believe research is something we cannot buy. If we can buy research, it will not be research and will be a project.

• 1 Punished! How? :) –  Sensebe Nov 19, 2017 at 15:51
• 1 what if I have papers I want to sell? how can I enter this market? –  Forever Mozart Nov 19, 2017 at 17:30

can we earn money through a research publication?

Certainly Yes .

Good publications make you a stronger candidate when apply to grants. It also help you in securing a job; if you do not have one. Also, collaborating with industry could be another way for earning money. Selling publication is something I never heard in my field (computer science). I do not even think it is possible in other fields.

If you are looking only for money then doing research is one of the bad choices you have.

• 1 My field is Computer Science.I am a masters student.I am also a software Engineer.I thought doing masters would increase my value in the industry.Like an MBA is more valuable than a BBA.Clearly MS can't increase my earnings :( –  zzzzz Mar 18, 2013 at 10:37
• 5 @iOsBoy while in CS it is unlikely you will be able to "sell" your publications, graduate studies in CS can certainly be valuable, just like in business. –  StrongBad Mar 18, 2013 at 10:52
• 1 While it's not expected of people that they sell papers, can they sell manuscripts if they are in dire need of money - with money back if it gets rejected? Would it be illegal? –  user13107 Mar 18, 2013 at 11:33
• 2 @user13107 in the UK the REF is a nation wide assessment of the research outputs of universities that occurs every 5 or so years. Leading up to this universities "buy" publications all the time by offering the authors money to change jobs. This type of academic poaching happens and is just slightly less extreme than what you are suggesting. –  StrongBad Mar 18, 2013 at 11:51
• 1 @user13107: There's nothing illegal about selling a manuscript, but buying or selling authorship would be unethical. If X is credibly accused of selling a manuscript to Y, who submitted it for publication with Y listed as an author, then it will severely damage X's career, because it will difficult to give an innocent explanation of what X thought Y was going to do with the manuscript. To the extent any manuscripts are sold, it is either with the greatest secrecy or by sellers who are outside of academia and don't worry about career consequences from accusations of unethical behavior. –  Anonymous Mathematician Mar 18, 2013 at 15:22

I have never heard of a field where journals pay the authors for articles. In the humanities original research is often published as books and publishers will often pay, or at least provide a commission, for books.

In Germany, the "VG Wort" collects copyright fees put on copy machines, electronic library copies, etc., and redistributes these fees to authors.

Authors of research papers published in print can give note about their publications to the VG Wort and will then participate in the distribution of these fees. The calculation of what each author gets depends on the length of the articles and the number of authors, and in my experience one should expect a one-time payment of about 20 to 40 Euro per journal article.

• Is that €20–40 per article a one-time lump sum payment, a recurring annual payment, or the total sum of smaller annual payments? –  Psychonaut Nov 17, 2017 at 16:47
• @Abra not sure about that, but if the proceedings of your conference are available in print at two or more German libraries, they may qualify. This is also a requirement for journals btw. –  silvado Nov 19, 2017 at 22:47
• Oh wow. We've got the same system here in Austria, I got to look into this. 20€ isn't much but hey, 1-2 beers for the authors. –  user64845 Nov 19, 2017 at 23:05

Also, Patents.

If you register your idea as a patent, then everybody who wants to use your idea has to pay to you. However, universities (companies) usually claim the intellectual property of the patents, which means the inventor does not get that much incentive out of a patent. It is an exception if you work independent or self employed. Also, you can negotiate with university to have keep the intellectual property of your invention or discoveries.

• re " negotiate "; any real examples? –  Pacerier Oct 17, 2023 at 8:39

According to this Scholarly Open Access blog entry , the Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra: The Business and Economics Research Journal pays US$2500 for each paper published and also pays US$500 for each peer review. It also seems that the Journal of Information Ethics used to pay US$50 per article published.

• @Abra, thank you for your comment. It seems that the blog entry has been removed (and not just moved). The website of the Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra doesn't seem to mention any payments to authors or reviewers, so perhaps they changed their policy since I posted my answer. –  JRN Nov 20, 2017 at 1:19

Certain types of papers can be supported by journals. These can include invited review articles, where the journal specifically seeks out the author to publish something on their field of expertise. The payments are usually minimal relative to the work required - on the order of US$300-500 - and are sometimes referred to as an "honorarium."

The key element here is that this money is paid because the journal specifically wants a paper from that author - presumably because they expect the work to be prestigious or highly cited.

This is by no means universal, but it has happened to me.

Yes. Through thesis or reasearch. For example the nasa discovers a new planet. Then after that some publishing companies will buy that article regarding that and it will spread throughout the world. Sorry for the bad english

• 3 This is not how academic publishing works and seems to be ignorant of the other answers. Do you have any example where this happened? –  Wrzlprmft ♦ Nov 19, 2017 at 16:49
• Just an example. –  QueenCarmella08 Nov 19, 2017 at 23:13
• Did you perhaps forget to add a link to your above comment (or your post)? –  Wrzlprmft ♦ Nov 20, 2017 at 6:35

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• Research paper

How to Write a Research Paper | A Beginner's Guide

A research paper is a piece of academic writing that provides analysis, interpretation, and argument based on in-depth independent research.

Research papers are similar to academic essays , but they are usually longer and more detailed assignments, designed to assess not only your writing skills but also your skills in scholarly research. Writing a research paper requires you to demonstrate a strong knowledge of your topic, engage with a variety of sources, and make an original contribution to the debate.

This step-by-step guide takes you through the entire writing process, from understanding your assignment to proofreading your final draft.

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Table of contents

Understand the assignment, choose a research paper topic, conduct preliminary research, develop a thesis statement, create a research paper outline, write a first draft of the research paper, write the introduction, write a compelling body of text, write the conclusion, the second draft, the revision process, research paper checklist, free lecture slides.

Completing a research paper successfully means accomplishing the specific tasks set out for you. Before you start, make sure you thoroughly understanding the assignment task sheet:

• Read it carefully, looking for anything confusing you might need to clarify with your professor.
• Identify the assignment goal, deadline, length specifications, formatting, and submission method.
• Make a bulleted list of the key points, then go back and cross completed items off as you’re writing.

Carefully consider your timeframe and word limit: be realistic, and plan enough time to research, write, and edit.

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There are many ways to generate an idea for a research paper, from brainstorming with pen and paper to talking it through with a fellow student or professor.

You can try free writing, which involves taking a broad topic and writing continuously for two or three minutes to identify absolutely anything relevant that could be interesting.

You can also gain inspiration from other research. The discussion or recommendations sections of research papers often include ideas for other specific topics that require further examination.

Once you have a broad subject area, narrow it down to choose a topic that interests you, m eets the criteria of your assignment, and i s possible to research. Aim for ideas that are both original and specific:

• A paper following the chronology of World War II would not be original or specific enough.
• A paper on the experience of Danish citizens living close to the German border during World War II would be specific and could be original enough.

Note any discussions that seem important to the topic, and try to find an issue that you can focus your paper around. Use a variety of sources , including journals, books, and reliable websites, to ensure you do not miss anything glaring.

Do not only verify the ideas you have in mind, but look for sources that contradict your point of view.

• Is there anything people seem to overlook in the sources you research?
• Are there any heated debates you can address?
• Do you have a unique take on your topic?
• Have there been some recent developments that build on the extant research?

In this stage, you might find it helpful to formulate some research questions to help guide you. To write research questions, try to finish the following sentence: “I want to know how/what/why…”

A thesis statement is a statement of your central argument — it establishes the purpose and position of your paper. If you started with a research question, the thesis statement should answer it. It should also show what evidence and reasoning you’ll use to support that answer.

The thesis statement should be concise, contentious, and coherent. That means it should briefly summarize your argument in a sentence or two, make a claim that requires further evidence or analysis, and make a coherent point that relates to every part of the paper.

You will probably revise and refine the thesis statement as you do more research, but it can serve as a guide throughout the writing process. Every paragraph should aim to support and develop this central claim.

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A research paper outline is essentially a list of the key topics, arguments, and evidence you want to include, divided into sections with headings so that you know roughly what the paper will look like before you start writing.

A structure outline can help make the writing process much more efficient, so it’s worth dedicating some time to create one.

Your first draft won’t be perfect — you can polish later on. Your priorities at this stage are as follows:

• Maintaining forward momentum — write now, perfect later.
• Paying attention to clear organization and logical ordering of paragraphs and sentences, which will help when you come to the second draft.
• Expressing your ideas as clearly as possible, so you know what you were trying to say when you come back to the text.

You do not need to start by writing the introduction. Begin where it feels most natural for you — some prefer to finish the most difficult sections first, while others choose to start with the easiest part. If you created an outline, use it as a map while you work.

Do not delete large sections of text. If you begin to dislike something you have written or find it doesn’t quite fit, move it to a different document, but don’t lose it completely — you never know if it might come in useful later.

Paragraph structure

Paragraphs are the basic building blocks of research papers. Each one should focus on a single claim or idea that helps to establish the overall argument or purpose of the paper.

Example paragraph

George Orwell’s 1946 essay “Politics and the English Language” has had an enduring impact on thought about the relationship between politics and language. This impact is particularly obvious in light of the various critical review articles that have recently referenced the essay. For example, consider Mark Falcoff’s 2009 article in The National Review Online, “The Perversion of Language; or, Orwell Revisited,” in which he analyzes several common words (“activist,” “civil-rights leader,” “diversity,” and more). Falcoff’s close analysis of the ambiguity built into political language intentionally mirrors Orwell’s own point-by-point analysis of the political language of his day. Even 63 years after its publication, Orwell’s essay is emulated by contemporary thinkers.

Citing sources

It’s also important to keep track of citations at this stage to avoid accidental plagiarism . Each time you use a source, make sure to take note of where the information came from.

You can use our free citation generators to automatically create citations and save your reference list as you go.

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The research paper introduction should address three questions: What, why, and how? After finishing the introduction, the reader should know what the paper is about, why it is worth reading, and how you’ll build your arguments.

What? Be specific about the topic of the paper, introduce the background, and define key terms or concepts.

Why? This is the most important, but also the most difficult, part of the introduction. Try to provide brief answers to the following questions: What new material or insight are you offering? What important issues does your essay help define or answer?

How? To let the reader know what to expect from the rest of the paper, the introduction should include a “map” of what will be discussed, briefly presenting the key elements of the paper in chronological order.

The major struggle faced by most writers is how to organize the information presented in the paper, which is one reason an outline is so useful. However, remember that the outline is only a guide and, when writing, you can be flexible with the order in which the information and arguments are presented.

One way to stay on track is to use your thesis statement and topic sentences . Check:

• topic sentences against the thesis statement;
• topic sentences against each other, for similarities and logical ordering;
• and each sentence against the topic sentence of that paragraph.

Be aware of paragraphs that seem to cover the same things. If two paragraphs discuss something similar, they must approach that topic in different ways. Aim to create smooth transitions between sentences, paragraphs, and sections.

The research paper conclusion is designed to help your reader out of the paper’s argument, giving them a sense of finality.

Trace the course of the paper, emphasizing how it all comes together to prove your thesis statement. Give the paper a sense of finality by making sure the reader understands how you’ve settled the issues raised in the introduction.

You might also discuss the more general consequences of the argument, outline what the paper offers to future students of the topic, and suggest any questions the paper’s argument raises but cannot or does not try to answer.

You should not :

• Offer new arguments or essential information
• Take up any more space than necessary
• Begin with stock phrases that signal you are ending the paper (e.g. “In conclusion”)

There are four main considerations when it comes to the second draft.

• Check how your vision of the paper lines up with the first draft and, more importantly, that your paper still answers the assignment.
• Identify any assumptions that might require (more substantial) justification, keeping your reader’s perspective foremost in mind. Remove these points if you cannot substantiate them further.
• Be open to rearranging your ideas. Check whether any sections feel out of place and whether your ideas could be better organized.
• If you find that old ideas do not fit as well as you anticipated, you should cut them out or condense them. You might also find that new and well-suited ideas occurred to you during the writing of the first draft — now is the time to make them part of the paper.

The goal during the revision and proofreading process is to ensure you have completed all the necessary tasks and that the paper is as well-articulated as possible. You can speed up the proofreading process by using the AI proofreader .

Global concerns

• Confirm that your paper completes every task specified in your assignment sheet.
• Check for logical organization and flow of paragraphs.
• Check paragraphs against the introduction and thesis statement.

Fine-grained details

Check the content of each paragraph, making sure that:

• each sentence helps support the topic sentence.
• no unnecessary or irrelevant information is present.
• all technical terms your audience might not know are identified.

Next, think about sentence structure , grammatical errors, and formatting . Check that you have correctly used transition words and phrases to show the connections between your ideas. Look for typos, cut unnecessary words, and check for consistency in aspects such as heading formatting and spellings .

Finally, you need to make sure your paper is correctly formatted according to the rules of the citation style you are using. For example, you might need to include an MLA heading  or create an APA title page .

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Checklist: Research paper

I have followed all instructions in the assignment sheet.

My introduction presents my topic in an engaging way and provides necessary background information.

My introduction presents a clear, focused research problem and/or thesis statement .

My paper is logically organized using paragraphs and (if relevant) section headings .

Each paragraph is clearly focused on one central idea, expressed in a clear topic sentence .

Each paragraph is relevant to my research problem or thesis statement.

I have used appropriate transitions  to clarify the connections between sections, paragraphs, and sentences.

My conclusion provides a concise answer to the research question or emphasizes how the thesis has been supported.

My conclusion shows how my research has contributed to knowledge or understanding of my topic.

My conclusion does not present any new points or information essential to my argument.

I have provided an in-text citation every time I refer to ideas or information from a source.

I have included a reference list at the end of my paper, consistently formatted according to a specific citation style .

I have thoroughly revised my paper and addressed any feedback from my professor or supervisor.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (page numbers, headers, spacing, etc.).

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Research Tips and Infromation

12 Easy Hacks to Earn Money by Publishing a Research Paper

Introduction

Many researchers have one question in their mind, and that is how to monetize the research paper that they have published. Frankly speaking, once the research paper gets published in conferences or journals, it becomes public property. Any researcher can use the same setup for further investigations unlike patents, where the author or the institution has complete rights over the work.

However, there are certain tricks (which are legal and ethical) one can use and earn money directly or otherwise get incentivised for the work carried out through further support in research or travel grant etc.

A research scholar can make money by publishing a research paper either in conference or journal provided his work is of highest quality. The author can earn money directly or indirectly by taking smart steps . The following steps elaborate the process of making money by research paper.

Here are the list of proven techniques for making money by writing research paper.

1. Prepare a Replica of the Experimental setup / Software Testbed and Sell it

Whenever you conduct research there is a possibility that; you build a hardware system; make a chip design; or write a software tool to run the experiments. There are several researchers who are working on similar projects or want to take your idea forward and may be in need of such testbeds or tools. In such a situation share your research paper on social media and you can ask the readers to contact you in case they are in need of such testbed or hardware. You can charge those researchers for the same as you are saving their time and effort needed to prepare the testbed.

You can visit my article on How to Make Money from Your Research Paper Experimental Equipment? for further details on making descent earning from your research equipments.

2. Sell the Dataset

If you are doing research where you may be creating a data set of your own. For example, you may be working on fruit quality analysis using image processing and you might have created data sets consisting of fruit images of various cultivars and qualities.

In the paper, you can add a statement saying to contact the authors for the datasets. Other researchers can use your data set and may pay you or they can cite your paper in the literature review. Each citation will help you in increasing the h-index and i-10 index.

There are few websites, where you can list your data sets . These sites will pay you as per the demand of the data sets.

You can visit my article on Research Data Sets as a Revenue Stream: How to License Your Way to Success . This article will give you an in-depth insight into effective monetization from the data sets used for your research work.

3. Make your Dataset Available on your Website

If you own a website, then you can create a blog post and explain the dataset that you have created and its applications in various domains. Explain your research paper as a case study, and provide a link to your research paper. Put affiliate links or Google Adsense on that page so that the visitors of the page may make purchases through ads or affiliate links. You will get a commission for every purchase made.

4. Get paid for Invited Article

Many times you may receive mail requesting the invited article on the topic in which you have published the research paper. Such journals will pay you for the articles. They call it an honorarium. The key element here is that this money is paid because the journal specifically wants a paper from you as an author – presumably, because they expect the work to be prestigious or highly cited.

5. Apply for Patents

Everyone who wants to use your concept must pay you if you file it as a patent. However, your organization or the university where you are working may not allow you to take full credit. You may need to negotiate regarding ownership and the profit-sharing model with your university. While applying for patent please verify that your published work is less than one year old or else you can not apply for patent.

You can visit my article on Patent Monetization Made Easy: How to Unlock the Value of Your Intellectual Property . This article will guide you through the monetization opportunities from your research work.

6. Apply for Research Grants for Further Continuation of Work

Good publications make you a stronger candidate when applying for grants . It also helps you in securing a job; if you do not have one. While applying for grant, highlight the work carried out so far along with results. There are several components in research grants which satiate your financial requirements for furthering your research.

Visit my blog post on

Research Grants Uncovered: A Step-by-Step Guide to Funding Your Research Projects

Research Grants for Independent Researchers: A Complete Guide

These above posts will guide you in applying for research grants.

7. Get Institute/University Grants

The institute or the University where you are working will sometime support your work and award cash or support your experimental setup/software expenses and registration fees. Sometimes you may get a travel grant if the paper is published at the conference.

8. Create Youtube content on the Tool Technology Learnt

Youtube is one of the promising media through which one can earn a good amount of money provided the quality of the content is too good.

Just ponder on the following points while creating youtube video:

• Determine your audience: Before you start creating content, think about who you are trying to reach with your research. This will help you tailor your content to be more engaging and relevant to your audience.
• Choose a format : There are many different ways you can present your research on YouTube. Some options might include a traditional talk show format, a documentary style, or a more creative and interactive format. Choose a format that best suits your research and your audience.
• Plan your content : Once you have a format in mind, plan out the content for your videos. This might include an outline of the key points you want to cover, any visual aids or demonstrations you will use, and any other elements that will help make your content more engaging.
• Record and edit your videos: Once you have a plan in place, start recording and editing your videos. Make sure to use clear, concise language and to explain your research in a way that is easy for your audience to understand.
• Promote your content: Once your videos are ready, promote them on social media and other platforms to get them in front of as many people as possible. Consider collaborating with other researchers or influencers to help spread the word about your content.

By following these steps, you can create engaging and informative YouTube content about your research that will help you reach a wider audience and share your findings with others.

9. Travel Grants from Govt/ Funding Agencies

You can apply to government funding agencies such as AICTE/UGC(In India) for travel grants. The travel grant in these organizations is open throughout the year.

Consider the following points while applying for these organizations:

• Understand the eligibility requirements: Before applying, make sure you understand the eligibility requirements for the grant. This may include factors such as your location, citizenship, or area of study.
• Follow the application guidelines: Carefully read the application guidelines and follow them to the letter. Make sure to provide all of the information and documentation that is required, and to submit your application by the deadline.
• Clearly articulate your purpose: In your application, make sure to clearly articulate the purpose of your travel and how it will benefit your research or project. Be specific and provide concrete examples of how the grant will help you to achieve your goals.
• Outline your budget: In your application, provide a detailed budget outlining the costs of your travel, including transportation, accommodation, and any other expenses. Be realistic and justify your budget in your application.
• Review and proofread: Before submitting your application, review it carefully to ensure that it is free of errors and that all of the information is accurate and complete. Consider having someone else review your application as well.

By following these tips, you can increase your chances of being selected for a travel grant from a government agency. Good luck with your application.

10. Give a Talk on the Concerned Topic as an Invited Session and Get Paid

You can prepare a detailed presentation on the core area of your work. For example, if your work is the identification and classification of pathological issues related to pomegranates by using image processing then prepare a detailed presentation on ” Image Processing techniques for fruit database”.

Many workshops/ conferences invite or call for sessions related to core domains of your field. They pay an honorarium for the same. Keep track of such workshops and conferences and apply for the same.

Please visit my article on 12 Proven Tips to Make an Effective Research Presentation as an Invited Speaker . This article gives you tips for making effective research presentation.

11. Conduct Online Paid Webinars on the Topic

Many research scholars are searching for resources relating to hardware/ software or any research-related tools for their research. You can organize paid webinars for such students and can easily earn money.

12. Collaborate with the Industry

Collaborating with industry could be another way for earning money. Contact the which are related to the work you have carried out. The industry may help you in setting up the research centre at your institution, attending workshops and seminars etc. Collaborate with the company for transferring technology or add them as co-author for getting sponsorship.

Make sure that the following points are addressed for your letter of collboration:

• Clearly state the research question or problem that you have addressed in your paper, and explain how the collaboration will create a win-win situation.
• Outline your research work, including the methods and techniques that you have used, and explain how the proposed collaboration will enhance or strengthen your research further.
• Discuss any relevant experience or expertise that you or your team have in the field you have written, and how this will contribute to the success of the collaboration.
• Provide details about the support that you need from the collaborating industry, and explain how these will be used to advance the research.
• Be specific about the roles and responsibilities of each party in the collaboration, and outline any expectations or agreements that will need to be made.

Finally, remember to proofread your letter carefully to ensure that it is well-written and free of errors. This will help to convey a professional and competent image and increase the chances of a successful collaboration.

Researchers can earn money through their publications in a number of ways. For example, they may receive funding from grants or other sources to support their research, and the results of their work may be published in academic journals or other outlets that pay for the content they publish.

In some cases, researchers may also be able to earn royalties if their work is used or cited by other researchers or incorporated into commercial products or services. Additionally, researchers may be able to earn money by giving talks or presentations at conferences or other events, or by consulting for organizations that are interested in their expertise.

However, it is important to note that earning money through research publication is not always guaranteed, and many researchers may not earn significant amounts of money from their work.

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, getting college essay help: important do's and don’ts.

College Essays

If you grow up to be a professional writer, everything you write will first go through an editor before being published. This is because the process of writing is really a process of re-writing —of rethinking and reexamining your work, usually with the help of someone else. So what does this mean for your student writing? And in particular, what does it mean for very important, but nonprofessional writing like your college essay? Should you ask your parents to look at your essay? Pay for an essay service?

If you are wondering what kind of help you can, and should, get with your personal statement, you've come to the right place! In this article, I'll talk about what kind of writing help is useful, ethical, and even expected for your college admission essay . I'll also point out who would make a good editor, what the differences between editing and proofreading are, what to expect from a good editor, and how to spot and stay away from a bad one.

Table of Contents

What Kind of Help for Your Essay Can You Get?

What's Good Editing?

What should an editor do for you, what kind of editing should you avoid, proofreading, what's good proofreading, what kind of proofreading should you avoid.

What Do Colleges Think Of You Getting Help With Your Essay?

Who Can/Should Help You?

Advice for editors.

Should You Pay Money For Essay Editing?

The Bottom Line

What's next, what kind of help with your essay can you get.

Rather than talking in general terms about "help," let's first clarify the two different ways that someone else can improve your writing . There is editing, which is the more intensive kind of assistance that you can use throughout the whole process. And then there's proofreading, which is the last step of really polishing your final product.

Let me go into some more detail about editing and proofreading, and then explain how good editors and proofreaders can help you."

Editing is helping the author (in this case, you) go from a rough draft to a finished work . Editing is the process of asking questions about what you're saying, how you're saying it, and how you're organizing your ideas. But not all editing is good editing . In fact, it's very easy for an editor to cross the line from supportive to overbearing and over-involved.

Ability to clarify assignments. A good editor is usually a good writer, and certainly has to be a good reader. For example, in this case, a good editor should make sure you understand the actual essay prompt you're supposed to be answering.

Open-endedness. Good editing is all about asking questions about your ideas and work, but without providing answers. It's about letting you stick to your story and message, and doesn't alter your point of view.

Think of an editor as a great travel guide. It can show you the many different places your trip could take you. It should explain any parts of the trip that could derail your trip or confuse the traveler. But it never dictates your path, never forces you to go somewhere you don't want to go, and never ignores your interests so that the trip no longer seems like it's your own. So what should good editors do?

Help Brainstorm Topics

Sometimes it's easier to bounce thoughts off of someone else. This doesn't mean that your editor gets to come up with ideas, but they can certainly respond to the various topic options you've come up with. This way, you're less likely to write about the most boring of your ideas, or to write about something that isn't actually important to you.

If you're wondering how to come up with options for your editor to consider, check out our guide to brainstorming topics for your college essay .

Help Revise Your Drafts

Here, your editor can't upset the delicate balance of not intervening too much or too little. It's tricky, but a great way to think about it is to remember: editing is about asking questions, not giving answers .

Revision questions should point out:

• Places where more detail or more description would help the reader connect with your essay
• Places where structure and logic don't flow, losing the reader's attention
• Places where there aren't transitions between paragraphs, confusing the reader
• Moments where your narrative or the arguments you're making are unclear

But pointing to potential problems is not the same as actually rewriting—editors let authors fix the problems themselves.

Bad editing is usually very heavy-handed editing. Instead of helping you find your best voice and ideas, a bad editor changes your writing into their own vision.

You may be dealing with a bad editor if they:

• Add material (examples, descriptions) that doesn't come from you
• Use a thesaurus to make your college essay sound "more mature"
• Add meaning or insight to the essay that doesn't come from you
• Tell you what to say and how to say it
• Write sentences, phrases, and paragraphs for you
• Change your voice in the essay so it no longer sounds like it was written by a teenager

Colleges can tell the difference between a 17-year-old's writing and a 50-year-old's writing. Not only that, they have access to your SAT or ACT Writing section, so they can compare your essay to something else you wrote. Writing that's a little more polished is great and expected. But a totally different voice and style will raise questions.

Where's the Line Between Helpful Editing and Unethical Over-Editing?

Sometimes it's hard to tell whether your college essay editor is doing the right thing. Here are some guidelines for staying on the ethical side of the line.

• An editor should say that the opening paragraph is kind of boring, and explain what exactly is making it drag. But it's overstepping for an editor to tell you exactly how to change it.
• An editor should point out where your prose is unclear or vague. But it's completely inappropriate for the editor to rewrite that section of your essay.
• An editor should let you know that a section is light on detail or description. But giving you similes and metaphors to beef up that description is a no-go.

Proofreading (also called copy-editing) is checking for errors in the last draft of a written work. It happens at the end of the process and is meant as the final polishing touch. Proofreading is meticulous and detail-oriented, focusing on small corrections. It sands off all the surface rough spots that could alienate the reader.

Because proofreading is usually concerned with making fixes on the word or sentence level, this is the only process where someone else can actually add to or take away things from your essay . This is because what they are adding or taking away tends to be one or two misplaced letters.

Laser focus. Proofreading is all about the tiny details, so the ability to really concentrate on finding small slip-ups is a must.

Excellent grammar and spelling skills. Proofreaders need to dot every "i" and cross every "t." Good proofreaders should correct spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. They should put foreign words in italics and surround quotations with quotation marks. They should check that you used the correct college's name, and that you adhered to any formatting requirements (name and date at the top of the page, uniform font and size, uniform spacing).

Limited interference. A proofreader needs to make sure that you followed any word limits. But if cuts need to be made to shorten the essay, that's your job and not the proofreader's.

A bad proofreader either tries to turn into an editor, or just lacks the skills and knowledge necessary to do the job.

Some signs that you're working with a bad proofreader are:

• If they suggest making major changes to the final draft of your essay. Proofreading happens when editing is already finished.
• If they aren't particularly good at spelling, or don't know grammar, or aren't detail-oriented enough to find someone else's small mistakes.
• If they start swapping out your words for fancier-sounding synonyms, or changing the voice and sound of your essay in other ways. A proofreader is there to check for errors, not to take the 17-year-old out of your writing.

What Do Colleges Think of Your Getting Help With Your Essay?

Admissions officers agree: light editing and proofreading are good—even required ! But they also want to make sure you're the one doing the work on your essay. They want essays with stories, voice, and themes that come from you. They want to see work that reflects your actual writing ability, and that focuses on what you find important.

On the Importance of Editing

Get feedback. Have a fresh pair of eyes give you some feedback. Don't allow someone else to rewrite your essay, but do take advantage of others' edits and opinions when they seem helpful. ( Bates College )

Read your essay aloud to someone. Reading the essay out loud offers a chance to hear how your essay sounds outside your head. This exercise reveals flaws in the essay's flow, highlights grammatical errors and helps you ensure that you are communicating the exact message you intended. ( Dickinson College )

On the Value of Proofreading

Share your essays with at least one or two people who know you well—such as a parent, teacher, counselor, or friend—and ask for feedback. Remember that you ultimately have control over your essays, and your essays should retain your own voice, but others may be able to catch mistakes that you missed and help suggest areas to cut if you are over the word limit. ( Yale University )

Proofread and then ask someone else to proofread for you. Although we want substance, we also want to be able to see that you can write a paper for our professors and avoid careless mistakes that would drive them crazy. ( Oberlin College )

On Watching Out for Too Much Outside Influence

Limit the number of people who review your essay. Too much input usually means your voice is lost in the writing style. ( Carleton College )

Ask for input (but not too much). Your parents, friends, guidance counselors, coaches, and teachers are great people to bounce ideas off of for your essay. They know how unique and spectacular you are, and they can help you decide how to articulate it. Keep in mind, however, that a 45-year-old lawyer writes quite differently from an 18-year-old student, so if your dad ends up writing the bulk of your essay, we're probably going to notice. ( Vanderbilt University )

Now let's talk about some potential people to approach for your college essay editing and proofreading needs. It's best to start close to home and slowly expand outward. Not only are your family and friends more invested in your success than strangers, but they also have a better handle on your interests and personality. This knowledge is key for judging whether your essay is expressing your true self.

Parents or Close Relatives

Your family may be full of potentially excellent editors! Parents are deeply committed to your well-being, and family members know you and your life well enough to offer details or incidents that can be included in your essay. On the other hand, the rewriting process necessarily involves criticism, which is sometimes hard to hear from someone very close to you.

A parent or close family member is a great choice for an editor if you can answer "yes" to the following questions. Is your parent or close relative a good writer or reader? Do you have a relationship where editing your essay won't create conflict? Are you able to constructively listen to criticism and suggestion from the parent?

One suggestion for defusing face-to-face discussions is to try working on the essay over email. Send your parent a draft, have them write you back some comments, and then you can pick which of their suggestions you want to use and which to discard.

Teachers or Tutors

A humanities teacher that you have a good relationship with is a great choice. I am purposefully saying humanities, and not just English, because teachers of Philosophy, History, Anthropology, and any other classes where you do a lot of writing, are all used to reviewing student work.

Moreover, any teacher or tutor that has been working with you for some time, knows you very well and can vet the essay to make sure it "sounds like you."

If your teacher or tutor has some experience with what college essays are supposed to be like, ask them to be your editor. If not, then ask whether they have time to proofread your final draft.

Guidance or College Counselor at Your School

The best thing about asking your counselor to edit your work is that this is their job. This means that they have a very good sense of what colleges are looking for in an application essay.

At the same time, school counselors tend to have relationships with admissions officers in many colleges, which again gives them insight into what works and which college is focused on what aspect of the application.

Unfortunately, in many schools the guidance counselor tends to be way overextended. If your ratio is 300 students to 1 college counselor, you're unlikely to get that person's undivided attention and focus. It is still useful to ask them for general advice about your potential topics, but don't expect them to be able to stay with your essay from first draft to final version.

Friends, Siblings, or Classmates

Although they most likely don't have much experience with what colleges are hoping to see, your peers are excellent sources for checking that your essay is you .

Friends and siblings are perfect for the read-aloud edit. Read your essay to them so they can listen for words and phrases that are stilted, pompous, or phrases that just don't sound like you.

You can even trade essays and give helpful advice on each other's work.

If your editor hasn't worked with college admissions essays very much, no worries! Any astute and attentive reader can still greatly help with your process. But, as in all things, beginners do better with some preparation.

First, your editor should read our advice about how to write a college essay introduction , how to spot and fix a bad college essay , and get a sense of what other students have written by going through some admissions essays that worked .

Then, as they read your essay, they can work through the following series of questions that will help them to guide you.

Introduction Questions

• Is the first sentence a killer opening line? Why or why not?
• Does the introduction hook the reader? Does it have a colorful, detailed, and interesting narrative? Or does it propose a compelling or surprising idea?
• Can you feel the author's voice in the introduction, or is the tone dry, dull, or overly formal? Show the places where the voice comes through.

Essay Body Questions

• Does the essay have a through-line? Is it built around a central argument, thought, idea, or focus? Can you put this idea into your own words?
• How is the essay organized? By logical progression? Chronologically? Do you feel order when you read it, or are there moments where you are confused or lose the thread of the essay?
• Does the essay have both narratives about the author's life and explanations and insight into what these stories reveal about the author's character, personality, goals, or dreams? If not, which is missing?
• Does the essay flow? Are there smooth transitions/clever links between paragraphs? Between the narrative and moments of insight?

Reader Response Questions

• Does the writer's personality come through? Do we know what the speaker cares about? Do we get a sense of "who he or she is"?
• Where did you feel most connected to the essay? Which parts of the essay gave you a "you are there" sensation by invoking your senses? What moments could you picture in your head well?
• Where are the details and examples vague and not specific enough?
• Did you get an "a-ha!" feeling anywhere in the essay? Is there a moment of insight that connected all the dots for you? Is there a good reveal or "twist" anywhere in the essay?
• What are the strengths of this essay? What needs the most improvement?

Should You Pay Money for Essay Editing?

One alternative to asking someone you know to help you with your college essay is the paid editor route. There are two different ways to pay for essay help: a private essay coach or a less personal editing service , like the many proliferating on the internet.

My advice is to think of these options as a last resort rather than your go-to first choice. I'll first go through the reasons why. Then, if you do decide to go with a paid editor, I'll help you decide between a coach and a service.

When to Consider a Paid Editor

In general, I think hiring someone to work on your essay makes a lot of sense if none of the people I discussed above are a possibility for you.

If you can't ask your parents. For example, if your parents aren't good writers, or if English isn't their first language. Or if you think getting your parents to help is going create unnecessary extra conflict in your relationship with them (applying to college is stressful as it is!)

If you can't ask your teacher or tutor. Maybe you don't have a trusted teacher or tutor that has time to look over your essay with focus. Or, for instance, your favorite humanities teacher has very limited experience with college essays and so won't know what admissions officers want to see.

If you can't ask your guidance counselor. This could be because your guidance counselor is way overwhelmed with other students.

If you can't share your essay with those who know you. It might be that your essay is on a very personal topic that you're unwilling to share with parents, teachers, or peers. Just make sure it doesn't fall into one of the bad-idea topics in our article on bad college essays .

If the cost isn't a consideration. Many of these services are quite expensive, and private coaches even more so. If you have finite resources, I'd say that hiring an SAT or ACT tutor (whether it's PrepScholar or someone else) is better way to spend your money . This is because there's no guarantee that a slightly better essay will sufficiently elevate the rest of your application, but a significantly higher SAT score will definitely raise your applicant profile much more.

Should You Hire an Essay Coach?

On the plus side, essay coaches have read dozens or even hundreds of college essays, so they have experience with the format. Also, because you'll be working closely with a specific person, it's more personal than sending your essay to a service, which will know even less about you.

But, on the minus side, you'll still be bouncing ideas off of someone who doesn't know that much about you . In general, if you can adequately get the help from someone you know, there is no advantage to paying someone to help you.

If you do decide to hire a coach, ask your school counselor, or older students that have used the service for recommendations. If you can't afford the coach's fees, ask whether they can work on a sliding scale —many do. And finally, beware those who guarantee admission to your school of choice—essay coaches don't have any special magic that can back up those promises.

Should You Send Your Essay to a Service?

On the plus side, essay editing services provide a similar product to essay coaches, and they cost significantly less . If you have some assurance that you'll be working with a good editor, the lack of face-to-face interaction won't prevent great results.

On the minus side, however, it can be difficult to gauge the quality of the service before working with them . If they are churning through many application essays without getting to know the students they are helping, you could end up with an over-edited essay that sounds just like everyone else's. In the worst case scenario, an unscrupulous service could send you back a plagiarized essay.

Getting recommendations from friends or a school counselor for reputable services is key to avoiding heavy-handed editing that writes essays for you or does too much to change your essay. Including a badly-edited essay like this in your application could cause problems if there are inconsistencies. For example, in interviews it might be clear you didn't write the essay, or the skill of the essay might not be reflected in your schoolwork and test scores.

Should You Buy an Essay Written by Someone Else?

Let me elaborate. There are super sketchy places on the internet where you can simply buy a pre-written essay. Don't do this!

For one thing, you'll be lying on an official, signed document. All college applications make you sign a statement saying something like this:

I certify that all information submitted in the admission process—including the application, the personal essay, any supplements, and any other supporting materials—is my own work, factually true, and honestly presented... I understand that I may be subject to a range of possible disciplinary actions, including admission revocation, expulsion, or revocation of course credit, grades, and degree, should the information I have certified be false. (From the Common Application )

For another thing, if your academic record doesn't match the essay's quality, the admissions officer will start thinking your whole application is riddled with lies.

Admission officers have full access to your writing portion of the SAT or ACT so that they can compare work that was done in proctored conditions with that done at home. They can tell if these were written by different people. Not only that, but there are now a number of search engines that faculty and admission officers can use to see if an essay contains strings of words that have appeared in other essays—you have no guarantee that the essay you bought wasn't also bought by 50 other students.

• You should get college essay help with both editing and proofreading
• A good editor will ask questions about your idea, logic, and structure, and will point out places where clarity is needed
• A good editor will absolutely not answer these questions, give you their own ideas, or write the essay or parts of the essay for you
• A good proofreader will find typos and check your formatting
• All of them agree that getting light editing and proofreading is necessary
• Parents, teachers, guidance or college counselor, and peers or siblings
• If you can't ask any of those, you can pay for college essay help, but watch out for services or coaches who over-edit you work
• Don't buy a pre-written essay! Colleges can tell, and it'll make your whole application sound false.

Ready to start working on your essay? Check out our explanation of the point of the personal essay and the role it plays on your applications and then explore our step-by-step guide to writing a great college essay .

Using the Common Application for your college applications? We have an excellent guide to the Common App essay prompts and useful advice on how to pick the Common App prompt that's right for you . Wondering how other people tackled these prompts? Then work through our roundup of over 130 real college essay examples published by colleges .

Stressed about whether to take the SAT again before submitting your application? Let us help you decide how many times to take this test . If you choose to go for it, we have the ultimate guide to studying for the SAT to give you the ins and outs of the best ways to study.

Anna scored in the 99th percentile on her SATs in high school, and went on to major in English at Princeton and to get her doctorate in English Literature at Columbia. She is passionate about improving student access to higher education.

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Financial management is one of the important things in the process of achieving the financial goals of a person or an organization. Everyone has their own way to manages finances, this is dependent on the character and they goals. Financial management can be done conventionally, for example by manual method which is commonly done by write the expenses, income, and savings in a notebook. However, if the note must contain details of the transactions carried out, it can be considered less efficient. The use of Optical Character Recognition will be able to answer this problem, by taking a picture of the transaction, all transaction details will be recorded on the smartphone, and the user can validate the results obtained and save the record on the smartphone user. Users can also immediately see the total transactions made according to the selected time range without having to calculate each transaction made manually. The application will be designed using the react native framework which allows it to run on various platforms.

Pengaruh literasi ekonomi, minat belajar, dan gaya hidup terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo

Abstract This study aims to determine the effects of economic literacy, interest in learning, and lifestyle on pocket money management of students IPS 11th grade in SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo. The type of study is a descriptive quantitative. The amount of population in this study is 171 students. The sample used is 120 students by using proportional random sampling. Data collection methods are tests and questionnaires distributed online. The results showed that students had a level of economic literacy in the sufficient category, high interest in learning, lifestyle in the high category, and pocket money management which is classified as high. The results also indicate that the variable of economic literacy has no significant effect on the management of student’s pocket money, while the variables of learning interest and lifestyle have a significant effect on the management of student’s pocket money. In this study, it was found that students need to improve economic literacy to find out the basis for making good economic decisions in everyday life. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi ekonomi, minat belajar, dan gaya hidup terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Karangrejo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 171 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 120 siswa dengan menggunakan proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data adalah tes dan kuesioner yang disebar secara online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki tingkat literasi ekonomi dalam kategori cukup, minat belajar yang tergolong tinggi, gaya hidup dalam kategori tinggi, dan manajemen uang saku yang tergolong tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga mengindikasikan bahwa variabel literasi ekonomi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa, sedangkan variabel minat belajar dan gaya hidup berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap manajemen uang saku siswa. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa siswa perlu meningkatkan literasi ekonomi untuk mengetahui dasar pengambilan keputusan ekonomi yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Who Manages the Money at Home? Multilevel Analysis of Couples’ Money Management Across 34 Countries

Women’s and men’s predominant social practices in managing employment and unpaid work are influenced by both family policies and society’s predominant cultural family models. Comparative approaches integrating macro-level and micro-level variables are increasingly used to study gendered dynamics in intimate relationships. Yet similar comparative approaches to the study of money management in intimate relationships are lacking. Using data from 34 countries surveyed in International Social Survey Programme 2012 data ( N = 13,645), I explore how variation in institutional and cultural factors concerning gender expectations shapes money management decisions in intimate relationships. The results highlight the importance of contextual gender-egalitarian beliefs and institutional practices to the likelihood of using joint and individualized systems of money management over the traditional system. While macro-level gender ideology was associated with both joint and individualized system (vs. traditional), the institutional practices were found to have a stronger relationship with couples’ individualized money management.

I Mind My Own Business and Expect Others to Do the Same: Conversations About Declining Financial Capacity

Abstract Introduction One of the smartest ways to prepare for declines in financial decision making capacity is to appoint an agent under power of attorney for finances and to share important financial information and preferences with trusted family or friends. Yet only 12% of older Americans with children think that they’ll need help with their finances as they age, and more than half are uncomfortable talking about their finances with children. Method: We conducted four in-depth interviews with older adults and four focus groups with Black, Latino, low income, and low-middle income adults aged 65 and older. An average of 9 participants were in each 2-hour focus group. Results Barriers included lack of awareness, denial of future changes in capacity, lack of trustworthy surrogate decision-makers, shame about one’s financial situation, desire for privacy, fear of being a burden, and resistance to overtures by children. Barriers differed by ethnicity and socioeconomic status, with lower income older adults having less knowledge of advance planning and Powers of Attorney. Implications: Significant education is needed around Powers of Attorney and how to begin the advance planning process. Study findings informed the Thinking Ahead Roadmap, a guide to facilitate planning and communication around future money management. The Roadmap uses an empowerment framework to motivate individuals to appoint trusted financial advocates and prepare them for a smooth transition in money management, thereby reducing risk of exploitation, costly mistakes, and family conflict.

Meta-Analysis of Money Management Skills Interventions for Students with Intellectual Disabilities

Education about learning motivation, time management, and pocket money management for students of strada bhakti utama junior high school.

Covid-19 pandemic has raised several problems faced by students including declining motivation to learn, lack of time to do independent assignments, and reduced amount of pocket money given by parents. This community service (CS) was designed to assist students in overcoming these problems through online education and training activities to increase students’ learning motivation and increase literacy on time management and pocket money management. Partners in this CS activity were 53 students of Strada Bhakti Utama Junior High School. The method of implementing activities used are counselling, exercises, and questions and answers. The success rate of this CS program was measured from analysis of the pre-test and post-test results conducted before and after the activity as well as from assessment of students' accuracy in answering online quiz questions. Based on results of pre-test and post-test analysis, CS activities through education and training on learning motivation, time management, and pocket money management were proven to be able to increase students' understanding of the importance of managing pocket money, saving, managing time, motivation, and source of motivators in life. In addition, based on the results of online quiz assessments, most students could answer correctly the questions about the material presented.

Impact of Internet Integrated Financial Education on Students’ Financial Awareness and Financial Behavior

In daily life, most people engage in money-related behavior. Adequate financial knowledge is required to successfully manage tasks, such as daily expenditure and the transformation of assets or debts, small, or large. However, the extent of financial knowledge may vary between individuals. With inadequate financial knowledge, people may easily fall into financial difficulties without having sufficient knowledge to redress them. A total of 217 students from departments of finance in universities in Fujian completed an 18-week educational course delivered via the Internet on integrated financial education (5h per week for a total of 90h). The conclusions were as follows: (1) The Internet can be used to provide education on making ends meet, cutting costs, and increasing profits. It is suitable for beginner students and new graduates who are rapidly accumulating money management experience. (2) Knowledge provided in the course includes the causes of investment, comprehensive changes in the market, unexpected risks, and wrong decision-making. As such, education provided through the Internet can assist in the teaching of money management and investment. (3) Providing teaching on integrated financial education through the Internet avoids the pitfalls of getting lost in the real-world investment market. We expected to cultivate students’ finance-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes through internalization of the financial literacy of money management.

Money Management, Savings and Investment as Central Topics in Financial Education: How Do High School Students Perceive Them?

Divergent gender revolutions: cohort changes in household financial management across income gradients.

The ways in which partners manage their money provide important clues to gender inequality in and the nature of couple relationships. Analyzing data from nationally representative surveys ( N = 11,730 couples), I examine changes across British cohorts born between the 1920s and 1990s in their household financial management, and how the changes vary across individuals and couples occupying differential income positions. The results show divergent, nuanced cohort trends toward gender equality in couples’ money management. Across successive cohorts of low-earning women, there has been a subtle relaxation in the form of male control, reflected in a decrease in the proportion of men adopting “back-seat” management by retaining the majority of the couple’s money while delegating the chore of managing daily expenses to their partners. By contrast, the empowerment of high-earning women is reflected primarily in an individualization of financial management, evident in a cohort decrease in joint financial management and an increase in independent management. The trend of individualization is particularly prominent among couples in which both partners have equally high earnings. The findings provide new insights into and important extensions of the theorization of gender relations in and the individualization of couple relationships.

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How to Make Money Writing Essays and Research Papers Online

Table of Contents

Make money writing essays online, how to go about writing essays for money, sell to the relevant industry, approach public organizations, contact professors.

It’s always good to have an additional income source or stream. If you enjoy writing or researching, then you can try writing essays or research papers online for money. Yes, you can get paid to write essays or papers for students. Here is all about how to make money writing essays or doing research online that you need to know so as to live life on your terms. ~ Ed.

You can earn money writing essays online for students and others. How much money you make by writing essays really depends on you.

The freelance essay writing jobs are especially for the professionally dedicated writers who maintain high standards of impressive and catchy writing. The experts in this field will get the best payments.

The compensations are given according to the word limit and the standard of writing. Also, based on the client’s feedback, there is competition between the content writers regarding quality and timely delivery.

The best thing is that the writer is at ease to work from anywhere he or she wants without going to any office.

Sounds exciting? Sure it is.

Also, whether someone is a student, graduate or post-graduate, his or her education is not a bar, but the main criterion is that one must be well-efficient in writing .

In the present times, the academic writing industry is attracting immense importance as housewives, students, job-seekers, and all those individuals who are knowledgeable and have interest in writing are moving from traditional jobs to freelance writing jobs.

You can increase your earnings by increasing the number of essay writings. The contents must be latest, relevant, sound and unique and the most important point is that you should submit within the deadline.

Writing essays for money gives you the freedom of working from home. It also gives you the flexibility to make your own work schedule.

The simple principle is that earning money is directly proportional to the number of essays – if you write more, you earn more.

If you have the ability of writing, have interest in and enjoy writing, have your own computer and also an internet connection, then you can easily start earning money by writing essays online – and you must not miss this golden opportunity.

Many people who are bored with their jobs can also apply for writing essays for making money online. One can work for themselves, without rushing into the traffic, under no boss orders or commands, and without any stress.

Above all, the best part is working online and making money sitting at home.

Writing essays for money leads to a good financial source. In the present economic times, it acts as the best financial support. It’s a good option for those who have lost their jobs, are unsatisfied with their jobs, want to make extra money, and want to work from home.

To qualify to earn money writing essays, there is a test. It is very easy to make money writing essays once the individual passes the entrance examination. They are then selected as a writer and can start working, and immediately the earning starts.

You need to accept the terms and conditions before the start of work and receive the payments via the Internet.

The online essay writing companies give the opportunity to writers to explore the writing potential to the fullest. An excellent working environment is provided, and the best part is the user-friendly interface.

The main tasks of freelance essay writing jobs are:

• First of all, understand the given task or topic.
• Do research and collect the relevant and latest information.
• Write the matter in a clear and precise manner.
• Check that all the details are in the perfect sequence and is impressive so that it may attract the reader’s attention.
• Finally, send the essay within the given deadline.

So, this is a great opportunity for all those who want to earn money in a good environment without any stress.

The freelance writing jobs are unlimited on the Internet for those who want to work consistently sitting at home with full discipline, dedication, and devotion and strictly following the deadline for submission of essays online.

The amount of money paid depends on the time and effort put in by the writers. The basic requirements for this job are as follows:

• Good English knowledge.
• Well-versed in Grammar.
• Excellent command of writing skills.
• Researching skills.
• Best drafting ideas.

Earn Money Writing Research Papers

First, let’s understand what a Research Paper is.

A research paper is a collection of information about a topic, which is an analysis or argument about a point. Of course, Research itself is the name of the systematic probe for fact-finding to find a new conclusion.

With most of the students, writing research papers is excitement. Such students are at ease to explore the topic with their ability to refine the searched material.

While at the same time, the majority of students consider it nothing more than a burden. Not because they can’t use their cognitive thinking, but they fear they cannot write. Also, some students are unable to spare time because of their poor time management skills.

There is, in fact, no pet method to earn money online by writing research papers. But if you’ve been writing for a while, be it at the high school or college time, the following can be your guideline to earn money by writing research papers:

If you have a research paper, get it patented and sell it to the relevant industry or academic by making a profile at any online forums.

Try approaching government organizations which are relevant to your research papers and show them your research paper. Try convincing them that your research paper can be instrumental regarding cost-saving, increasing revenue and ease of use for public welfare in their organization.

If your research paper is valuable, then contact professors of famous universities because such professors are always on the look for students having a sound track record in research papers. If the professor likes your paper, he/she can offer a Ph.D. program under his or her supervision.

In short, it is not difficult to make money writing essays or to write research papers online. But it requires dedication and commitment to quality coupled with effective marketing.

The only limit to earning money is your capability to produce quality essays or research papers. Your education or place of living does not matter at all if you’re good at writing and have access to computer or Internet.

You get flexibility and freedom to choose your work schedule, make use of time, and live life on your own terms.

If you follow the above information and rules, it may lead to you be a successful freelance essay or research writer.

Over to you –

Are you interested in writing essays and research papers for money? If you’re already in a freelance writing job, do share your experiences.

Disclaimer: Though the views expressed are of the author’s own, this article has been checked for its authenticity of information and resource links provided for a better and deeper understanding of the subject matter. However, you're suggested to make your diligent research and consult subject experts to decide what is best for you. If you spot any factual errors, spelling, or grammatical mistakes in the article, please report at [email protected] . Thanks.

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Hi, how can obtain more information on this please?

I used to write long essay in my college. Your post reminded me old days. Making money from your essay is a great advantage.Good post. keep it up!

Great Article Muhammad Suleman. Really Great Tips & Information. After Reading this Article I Felt Like I Can Earn by Writing Essays. Thanks for the Tip!!

This was a good one. Being an academia writer I felt interested. The presentation was simple and clear. However, some links to the writing houses that accept research papers would have been stupendous. I’d definitely share if I find some. Great job Muhammad!!

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Trying to save money? Our research suggests paying in cash – while you still can

PhD Researcher in Marketing, University of Adelaide

Senior Lecturer in Marketing, The University of Melbourne

Professor of Marketing, University of Adelaide

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The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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Cash is in crisis. In Australia, it’s now only used for 16% of in-person transactions, down from about 70% in 2007.

The situation is so dire that on Monday, independent federal MP Andrew Gee introduced a private member’s bill that would force businesses to accept cash or else face big fines.

The reality is that over the past decade, technological advancements have utterly transformed the way we pay for goods and services.

Phones and smartwatches can now easily be used to pay by card, and buy-now-pay-later schemes and cryptocurrency payments offer further alternatives.

The shift away from cash only accelerated throughout the COVID pandemic, as health experts recommended avoiding using it for hygiene reasons.

Despite these big changes in how we spend money, Australians have perhaps been more focused on how much amid a stubborn cost-of-living crisis.

In light of this, our research team wanted to investigate how our choice of payment method can interact with our actual spending habits.

Our latest research offers a simple solution for anyone looking to save money — carry more cash!

Read more: Money transporter Armaguard is in peril. Could cash be dead sooner than we think?

We pay less when we pay cash

Drawing on both academic and industry sources, our research team combined the results from more than four decades of prior research on spending behaviour and payment methods into a large dataset.

This data spanned 71 research papers, 17 countries, and more than 11,000 participants. State-of-the-art meta-analysis techniques then allowed us to collectively analyse the results from all these prior studies, and re-examine their insights.

We found that cashless payments were indeed associated with higher levels of consumer spending compared to cash transactions, something that is referred to in the literature as the “cashless effect”.

This cashless effect was consistent across all other payment methods in the data set.

Put simply, it doesn’t matter whether you use a credit card, debit card or a buy-now-pay-later service – you are likely to spend more money using cashless methods than when you pay with cash.

The pain of paying

Under the traditional economic view that consumers behave rationally, there should be no differences in spending behaviour between different payment methods – money is money after all.

But the existence of the cashless effect shows that the payment methods we use do indeed influence our spending behaviour.

The leading theory to explain this effect attributes it to differences in the “pain of paying”, a concept first coined in 1996 that describes the emotions we feel when spending money.

Importantly, our choice of payment method can influence the level of pain felt.

When paying with cash, we have to physically count out notes and coins and hand them over. Humans seek to avoid losses, and paying by cash sees us physically lose a tangible object.

Conversely, nothing has to be handed over to pay cashlessly. We don’t lose anything tangible with a swipe or a tap, so it feels less painful.

Preliminary neurological evidence suggests that the “pain of paying” isn’t just an abstract metaphor, and we may feel actual psychological pain with each transaction we make.

Research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans to observe brain activity in consumers has shown that paying activates brain regions related to experiencing psychological discomfort.

Picture this: You’re at a theme park, excited for a fun day. You use your smartwatch to pay for snacks, souvenirs and rides. It’s all so convenient that you don’t realise how much you’re spending until you check your account later and see that you have completely blown your budget!

This is the cashless effect in action − if nothing is physically handed over, it’s easy to lose track of how much is spent.

A great tool for budgeting – while it lasts

The cost of living crisis has made spending control front-of-mind for many people. Our meta-analysis suggests that returning to “cold hard cash” whenever possible could be one valuable tool to help.

The increased friction felt when using cash could help people better control their money, even just by providing a moment to pause and consider whether a transaction is necessary.

This could help individuals make more mindful decisions, saving money while they can in an increasingly cashless world.

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You don’t have to be rich to save money: On the relationship between objective versus subjective financial situation and having savings

Dominika maison.

1 Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Marta Marchlewska

2 Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Katarzyna Sekścińska

Joanna rudzinska-wojciechowska.

3 Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland

Filip Łozowski

Associated data.

The data underlying this study have been uploaded to the Open Science Framework and are accessible using the following doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/H7RK4 .

Saving is an important financial behavior that provides an individual with psychological security and boosts his/her overall sense of well-being. For this reason, scientists and practitioners have attempted to understand why some people save when others do not. One of the most common explanations for this phenomenon is that those individuals who earn more should be more willing to save their money. In line with this logic, people who have more money should be more likely to have savings. Considering the results of prior research, we expected objective financial situation (income) to be positively linked to having savings (i.e., propensity to have savings and the exact amount of savings). At the same time, however, we assumed that subjective financial situation (perception) should also be positively related to these variables. To test our assumptions, we conducted a nationwide representative survey ( N = 1048) among Polish respondents, asking them about their objective and subjective financial situation. The results of a regression analysis showed that objective financial situation was indeed significantly positively related to having savings. However, subjective financial situation was also positively correlated with having savings (even when we controlled for objective financial situation and demographic variables). We discuss the implications of the links between objective versus subjective financial situations and having savings.

Introduction

Even though there is no doubt that saving is an adaptive behavior, many people do not save at all. According to financial analyses, citizens in many European countries do not have sufficient savings to live a comfortable life without having to worry about fulfilling their basic needs. For example, a study conducted in 13 European countries (total sample size N = 13 936) by the ING Group (one of the world’s leading banking/financial companies) showed that 29% of Europeans declared that they had no savings, whereas 36% declared that the amount of their savings is equal to the amount of their living costs for three months [ 1 ]. The situation seems even more dramatic in the US, where according to a 2017 GoBankingRates survey, 57% of Americans have less than $1,000 in their savings accounts, and 39% have no savings at all [ 2 ]. This act of financial irresponsibility encourages economists and social scientists to search for individual predictors of saving behavior and ways to increase people’s willingness to save money.

The fact that some people have more while others have less in savings is most often explained by the amount of money people earn or have at their disposal [ 3 – 4 ]. For example, Davis and Schumm [ 5 ] investigated the relationship between saving behavior and household income and identified an income threshold below which respondents saved almost nothing. The positive relationship (r = .50) between annual family income and the amount of savings was only found among families that earned more than a certain amount. Other researchers state that income is the most important factor in determining saving behavior [ 6 – 7 ]. On the other hand, poor or low-income individuals are also able to save some money [ 8 – 12 ]. Moreover, a wealth of research has shown that the ability to put money aside is not only influenced by economic factors [ 13 – 15 ] but also by a range of psychological variables (see [ 16 ] for an overview). Considerable attention has been paid to the motives behind human decisions to start saving money [ 3 , 17 – 21 ], as well as individual variables, such as risk aversion, locus of control or optimism [ 22 – 23 ]. Some studies also emphasize a positive relationship between time horizon and saving [ 24 – 26 ] and others stress the role of situational factors that might significantly impact a decision about whether to put money aside, for example, fear of death [ 27 ], feeling connected with one’s future self [ 28 ], feeling powerful [ 29 ], or feeling stressed [ 30 ]. Thus, the underpinnings of having savings may be much more complex than presented through most economic analyses and dependent on many other factors in addition to income. We propose that one of those factors might be a subjective financial situation, i.e., its perception.

Subjective versus objective measures

Psychological literature stresses that in many life areas subjective assessment of a given situation is not always directly linked to objective facts. For example, research on life-satisfaction shows that it is only slightly related to one’s objective situation (i.e., income, health, family situation) especially when basic life needs are satisfied [ 31 – 32 ]. The literature also shows that, in some cases, the perception of a given situation has a stronger influence on decisions and behavior than objective facts. For example, the perception of body weight is more closely linked to internalizing and externalizing problem behavior, as well as social and thought problems, than an objective measure of body mass [ 33 ]. Underweight or overweight adolescents who consider themselves to be in a good shape have no more problems than those with a normal BMI. On the other hand, the perception of being ‘too thin’ and particularly ‘too heavy’ is a stronger predictor of problematic behaviors than actual weight, both among male and female adolescents. Another example was provided in the study conducted by Miron-Shatz Hanoch Doniger,Omer, and Ozanne [ 34 ], which showed that the willingness to pay for BRCA1/2 genetic testing (a positive test result is a substantial risk factor for breast and ovarian cancer) is affected by subjective but not objective numeracy (an ability to understand and manipulate numbers).

Similar patterns of results are also observed for variables reflecting one’s financial situation. In many cases, perception of financial situation or status had stronger predictive value for different behaviors than their objective measures. Firstly, subjective social status, understood as an individual perception of one’s own position in the social hierarchy [ 35 ], was shown to be a better predictor of need for utilization of health services than the ‘hard data’ [ 36 ]. Compared with objective indicators, subjective social status was more consistently and strongly related to psychological functioning and health related factors [ 37 ]. Moreover, subjective social status predicted health, even after accounting for traditional indicators of socioeconomic status, such as education, income, and occupation [ 38 – 40 ]. Secondly, perception of income inequality was demonstrated to be a more consistent predictor of morbidity and mortality than absolute income [ 41 – 42 ]. Finally, research on the relationship between one’s financial situation and life satisfaction showed a weaker correlation between life satisfaction and wealth (between .12 and .15 depending on the study) and a stronger correlation between life satisfaction and subjective financial situation (between .51 and .53 depending on the study) [ 43 ].

In the context of the abovementioned research results, a question emerges about the causal direction between well-being and financial behaviours. For many years researchers assumed that the better people’s lives are, the more their needs are satisfied, and the happier they should feel [ 44 ]. However, recently, researchers have begun to consider if this dependency may be based on a different direction–perception causing better life performance [ 45 – 46 ]. This so-called top-down approach (instead of bottom-up) assumes that happier people are not only more satisfied with specific aspects of their life but also perform better in different life areas [ 47 – 48 ]. In a longitudinal study, students who were more satisfied with life in their first year of university, turned out to have higher incomes than their less happy colleagues 19 years later [ 49 ]. In another study conducted by Lyubomirsky and colleagues [ 45 ], the direction of the relationship from happiness towards success (and not the other way around) was demonstrated in various areas of life and using various methodologies (cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental).

The abovementioned studies clearly demonstrate that one’s perception of a given situation should be taken into account next to objective indicators. Therefore, it is worth investigating whether incorporating one’s subjective financial situation next to objective measures would allow us to understand financial decisions better than analysing the objective measures alone. Moreover, those studies demonstrated that in many life areas a causal relation does not move from facts to perception but the other way around, from perception to performance, that is, from the subjective to objective level.

Subjective financial situation

It is widely acknowledged that objective indicators of economic wealth might not always accurately reflect how people subjectively experience their financial situation [ 50 – 53 ]. Two people holding the same amount of wealth might perceive it differently, as their needs, aspirations, expectations or past experiences may be different [ 52 , 54 – 59 ]. Moreover, subjective economic well-being might be affected by the level of assets and debt [ 60 ]. Two people with equivalent net worth but composed of different levels of assets and debt might perceive their financial situation as different in terms of their wealth. Specifically, people with a positive net worth feel wealthier when they have a lower level of debt and consequently fewer assets. On the other hand, people with a negative net worth feel wealthier when they have more assets despite having greater debt.

The subjective financial situation has been referred to as, among many other terms, perceived economic well-being [ 61 ], financial satisfaction [ 52 ], financial well-being [ 62 ], and economic strain [ 63 ]. Although the positive relationship between objective and subjective measures of one’s wealth is well established, its strength varies among studies, with correlation coefficients between the two ranging from values near .25 [ 64 – 66 ] to .50 [ 55 , 67 – 68 ], with some even being nonsignificant [ 69 ]. Moreover, there are also people whose salaries are relatively high but who perceive their financial situation as bad and, in contrast, there are individuals who perceive their financial situation as extremely good even though it is objectively bad [ 51 , 53 , 70 – 73 ]. Some researchers term the latter case a satisfaction paradox [ 72 , 74 ], which corresponds not only to financial satisfaction but also to general well-being. In a nationwide representative survey conducted in Poland [ 71 ], both objective and subjective measures of financial situation were introduced. The results showed that in some cases (among some people), there were significant inconsistencies between subjective and objective financial situations. Further analysis showed that this phenomenon involved two types of individuals: financial pessimists and financial optimists [ 71 ]. Financial optimists were those who had the lowest income but perceived their financial situation as good. Financial pessimists were those whose income was two times higher than the optimists’ salary but perceived their financial situation as bad. Comparisons of these two groups of people showed that financial pessimists were generally more prone to complain about their financial situation, feeling that there were many things they could not afford, and having more financial problems (e.g., debts) than the optimists.

The lack of a strong relationship between objective and subjective financial situation suggests that there may be certain individual difference variables that contribute to the process of evaluating one’s financial well-being. For example, it has been shown that one’s attitudes toward money might affect the perception of one’s financial situation [ 54 , 75 ]. The process of social comparisons, especially regarding how people perceive their income in comparison to others, also plays an important role in the perception of own finances [ 76 ].

It has also been demonstrated that financial satisfaction is linked to a whole array of financial behaviors and characteristics of the consumer. Xiao, Chen, & Chen [ 77 ] examined the relationships between financial satisfaction and consumer financial capability (i.e., perceived financial capability, financial knowledge, and financial behavior) and demonstrated that financial satisfaction was positively associated with perceived financial capability, desirable financial behaviors and subjective financial knowledge. Additionally, financial satisfaction decreased risky financial behaviors. In another study [ 78 ], the association between financial satisfaction and the propensity to plan for long-term goals was examined and it was demonstrated that financial satisfaction, after controlling for socio-economic and other financial capability factors, made unique contributions to the propensity to plan for long-term goals. Moreover, financial satisfaction was also demonstrated to be positively associated with preparing a household financial budget [ 60 , 79 ].

The subjective financial situation impacts various domains of life. It is believed to be a subconstruct of general well-being [ 52 ] and was recently shown to influence investment decisions. A study conducted by Sekścińska, Rudzińska-Wojciechowska and Maison [ 80 ] revealed that male participants who perceived their financial situation as good (vs. bad) were more prone to invest. At the same time, their objective financial situation did not affect the propensity to invest.

Taking into account the abovementioned role of subjective financial situation in different areas of life decisions, we assumed that in regard to explaining having savings, subjective financial situation should be at least as important as objective financial situation or, in some cases, even more important. To test this assumption, we conducted a study using a large, heterogeneous sample. Participants’ objective (income) and subjective (perception of) financial situation were measured. Bearing in mind that there are people who do save regularly, but their amount of savings is low due to their low income, we decided to include two measures of having savings: whether one has savings or not and the amount of savings. In other words, we introduced two measures of having savings to differentiate between: (1) the amount of savings, which is a traditional indicator of saving practices, and (2) the propensity to have savings–(i.e., whether one has savings or not) which can be understood as a skill or a tendency to save. We predicted that both objective and subjective financial situations should be positively related to one’s propensity to have savings and the amount of money saved.

Based on the research reviewed above, which indicates that the objective measures may not accurately reflect how people experience their financial situation, we formulated the following hypotheses:

H1. Objective financial situation would be positively related to the propensity to have savings (dichotomous variable) and the amount of savings.

H2. Subjective financial situation would be positively related to the propensity to have savings (dichotomous variable) and the amount of savings even when controlled for the variance shared with objective financial situation and demographic variables.

H3. The effects of objective financial situation on the amount of savings, which is strictly related to the specific amount of money, should be stronger than the effects of subjective financial situation.

H4. The effects of subjective financial situation on the propensity to have savings, which is largely related to the mere intention to save money, should be stronger than the effects of objective financial situation.

Participants and procedure

The study was conducted via an internet research panel on a nation-wide sample. The participants were randomly selected from the panel users, and demographic structure of the sample was controlled in order to make it compatible with the structure of the Polish population. The quotas were selected based on the distribution of gender, age, education and size of town in the population of Poles. The sample consisted of 1048 respondents (550 women) between the ages of 18 and 69 ( M age = 42.96, SD = 14.82). Several measures and scales were presented to participants, including measures of subjective and objective financial situations, questions about propensity to have savings, amount of money saved and demographics (e.g., gender, age).

All participants provided their informed consent to take part in the research after reading detailed information about the study. Participants were asked to click on a link to the study if they agreed to take part in the research. Otherwise, they did not participate in the study. All participants of the panel are rewarded for their participation in every study with points, which can be exchanged for rewards of their choice. Each participant received exactly the same amount of points as for his/her participation in the study.

Two aspects of financial situation were measured. The first one was objective financial situation–reflected by the amount of monthly income of the household–and the second one was subjective financial situation measured in two ways, as a general evaluation of financial situation and as an assessment of household purchasing power.

The objective financial situation

The objective financial situation (variable: objective FS ) was measured using one question: “Please indicate the average monthly net income of your household”. To avoid numerous missing values in the database, the answers to the question were given on a 7-point scale from 1 = less than 1000 PLN to 7 = more than 10 , 000 PLN .

The subjective financial situation

The subjective financial situation was measured with two questions. In the question about general subjective financial situation (variable: subjective FS–general ), participants were asked to assess their material situation on a 7-point scale (1 = very bad to 7 = very good ). In the question about the subjective household’s purchasing power (variable: subjective FS–household purchasing power ), the participants were asked to indicate which out of five statements best describes their household financial situation, ranging from 1 = We do not have enough money for the most urgent needs to 5 = We have enough money , we do not have to save even for bigger expenses .

Having savings was measured by two different variables: in the traditional way, as an amount of savings held by the respondent, and as a propensity to have savings understood as having any savings, regardless of the amount of savings.

Amount of savings

Amount of savings was measured as declared amount of savings the person has. Respondents indicated amount of savings using 10 intervals: from 1 = no savings to 10 = more than 100 , 000 PLN (2 = less than 500 PLN; 3 = 501–1000 PLN; 4 = 1001–5000 PLN; 5 = 5001–10 000 PLN; 6 = 10 001–20 000 PLN; 7 = 20 001–30 000 PLN; 8 = 30 000–50 000 PLN; 9–50 001–100 000 PLN; 10-more than 100 000 PLN).

Propensity to have savings

Propensity to have savings was measured with one question: Do you have any savings ? The answer was coded as 1 = Yes or 0 = No.

Choosing these measures of objective and subjective financial situation, we were conscious of their limitations, especially that they might not exactly capture the same phenomenon. Objective financial situation referred only to income, but by asking a question about subjective financial situation we didn’t have control over what respondents could have in mind when answering this question (they might only consider income or also other things, e.g., properties). Nevertheless, we chose this form of question in order to entrench their simplicity.

Zero-order correlations

Zero-order correlations between variables and scale properties are presented in Table 1 . We found significant positive relationships between objective financial situation and (1) propensity to have savings and (2) amount of savings, which is in line with previous research linking objective financial situation (e.g., income) to saving [ 3 – 4 ]. Both indicators of subjective financial situation were also positively related to propensity to have savings and amount of savings. Objective financial situation was significantly positively related to both indicators of subjective financial situation (general and purchasing power).

Regression analyses

We performed a stepwise multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationships between financial situation measures (objective vs. subjective) and having savings (amount of savings or propensity to have savings). Moreover, we decided to test interaction effects between objective and subjective measures of financial situations on having savings, and thus, financial situation variables were mean-centered prior to the analyses. In both analyses, we also controlled for basic demographics (age and gender).

Saving: Amount of savings as an outcome variable

First, we conducted a hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis that subjective financial situation (general and subjective household purchasing power) would be more strongly related to the amount of savings than objective financial situation ( Table 2 ).

In Step 1, we introduced objective financial situation and demographics (gender, age). We found significant positive effects of age and objective financial situation on amount of savings.

In Step 2, we introduced variables coding subjective financial situation: general and purchasing power, and found their positive effects on amount of savings. After introducing subjective financial situation variables, we still found a significant (albeit weaker) effect of objective financial situation and a significant effect of age.

In Step 3, we introduced two two-way interactions between objective financial situation and (a) subjective financial situation: general and (b) subjective financial situation: perception of household purchasing power. We found significant positive effects of subjective financial situation (general and perception of household purchasing power) on amount of savings. We also found a significant positive effect of age. However, we found no significant effect of objective financial situation on amount of savings and a marginally significant interaction between objective financial situation and subjective financial situation: general. Simple slope analysis indicated that among people low in subjective financial situation (general), the effect of objective financial situation was positive but not significant, B = 0.11, SE = 0.10, p = .21 and was positive and significant among people high in subjective financial situation (general), B = 0.56, SE = 0.08, p < .001 ( Fig 1 ). Moreover, we also found a similar significant interaction between objective financial situation and subjective financial situation (perception of household purchasing power). Again, simple slope analysis indicated that among people low in subjective financial situation (perception of low purchasing power of the household), the effect of objective financial situation was positive but not significant, B = 0.14, SE = 0.09, p = .11, but was positive and significant among people high in subjective financial situation (perception of high purchasing power of the household), B = 0.57, SE = 0.08, p < .001 ( Fig 2 ).

*** p < .001.

Saving: Propensity to have savings as an outcome variable

Second, we conducted a stepwise logistic binominal regression analysis to investigate the relationships between financial situation measures (objective vs. subjective) and the propensity to have savings. Moreover, we decided to test interaction effects between objective and subjective measures of financial situations on having savings, and thus, financial situation variables were mean-centered prior to the analyses. In both analyses, we also controlled for basic demographics ( Table 3 ).

In Step 1, we introduced objective financial situation and demographics (gender, age). We found a significant positive effect of objective financial situation and no significant effects of age or gender on propensity to have savings.

In Step 2, we introduced variables coding subjective financial situation: general and perception of household purchasing power and found their positive effects on propensity to have savings. After introducing subjective financial situation variables, the effect of objective financial situation on propensity to have savings became only marginally significant.

In Step 3, we introduced two two-way interactions between objective financial situation and (a) subjective financial situation: general and (b) subjective financial situation: perception of household purchasing power; none proved to be significant. However, we still found a significant positive effect of subjective financial situation (general and perception of household purchasing power) on propensity to have savings.

In this research, we investigated the role of objective (i.e., income) and subjective (i.e., perception of) financial situation in having savings. We conducted a study on a nation-wide sample that reflected the demographic structure of the Polish population. The results of the study confirmed our assumptions and showed that both objective and subjective financial situations are important predictors of having savings. However, the positive link between objective financial situation and having savings became weaker (DV: amount of savings) or insignificant (DV: propensity to have savings) when subjective financial situation was accounted for.

In line with previous findings [ 22 , 69 , 81 – 87 ], an objective financial situation was positively linked to the amount of money individuals saved. Even after introducing subjective financial situation, the effect of objective financial situation on the amount of savings was still significant, although slightly weaker. Nevertheless, the interaction between subjective and objective financial situation was also significant: specifically, we found that the objective financial situation was only significantly positively related to the amount of savings among those people who had high scores on subjective financial situation. Thus, the results showed that subjective financial situation is a very important factor related to the amount of money people save. Thus, it is possible that when one earns more money but perceives his/her financial condition as rather weak, he/she would not necessarily be more likely to have savings than those who earn much less.

The same pattern of results was observed irrespective of the method of measuring subjective financial situation, either in general or as perception of household purchasing power. These results shed new light on previous findings, which mainly focused on the positive relationship between the objective financial situation and the amount of savings. Although objective financial situation was significantly positively related to the amount of savings, this was especially the case among participants with high scores on subjective financial situation. Thus, those who have more money at their disposal have more savings, but only as long as their perception of their financial situation is good. These findings can be partly explained by Bandura’s self-efficacy theory [ 88 ] according to which there are people more (vs. less) prone to believe that they have the ability to influence their lives and, thus, achieve their goals. Previous research [ 89 ] showed that self-efficacy is positively related to optimism. Thus, it is possible that individuals high in self-efficacy who believe they have the ability to influence the events of their own lives would also be more prone to be financial optimists and perceive their financial situation as relatively better than those who score low on self-efficacy scales (i.e., financial pessimists). This mechanism can further lead to different financial decisions (also related to having savings). Such positive perceptions of one’s abilities in the financial domain may in fact lead to a better perception of one’s financial situation and, as a result, evoke saving behavior. Still, further empirical investigation is needed to test these assumptions.

We found a similar pattern of results when analyzing whether a participant has any money saved independently of the amount of money saved (propensity to have savings) as a dependent variable. These results show a similar pattern, although they are stronger, and their implications are slightly different. The first step of the analysis showed a positive relationship between objective financial situation and propensity to have savings (similarly to the results when amount of savings was the dependent variable). However, after we introduced subjective financial situation into the equation, we found a significant effect of subjective financial situation on propensity to have savings, whereas the effect of objective financial situation was no longer significant. This result means that subjective financial situation is strongly linked to the propensity to have savings. It also means that whether people have any savings or not might be independent of the amount of money they earn. If someone has very little money at his/her disposal but has a very high propensity to have savings, it is very possible that he or she will have some money put aside. An important consequence of this characteristic is that if someone has the propensity to have savings, and their income rises, his/her savings will also rise. However, if someone has no propensity to have savings, regardless of the amount of money earned or obtained from other sources (e.g., inheritance or a lottery win), he/she will probably have no savings.

Our study clearly demonstrated that objective and subjective financial situation are significantly, though not strongly, related to each other. Thus, it seems crucial to account for not only objective but also subjective financial situation when analyzing financial behaviors. In some cases, for example, propensity to have savings, perceptions can take on an even greater importance than objective measures.

Limitations and further research

Although the present study is based on a large, heterogeneous sample and brought several interesting results, it has some disadvantages and limitations. Firstly, we relied solely on self-reported data. Therefore, the present study has all the limitations that are characteristic for self-report measurements. Secondly, as the study was based on cross-sectional data, no assumptions of causality can be drawn from the results. Although it is probable that subjective financial situation provides bases for financial decisions, it is also possible that a reassuring awareness of having some money put aside in case of a rainy day impacts one’s perception of one’s financial situation. It would then be highly desirable to apply an experimental design in future studies to establish the direction of the described relationship. Moreover, the study was focused on one aspect of saving practices–it investigated whether one has some money put aside for the future and, if so, how much it is. We did not control where the money came from, specifically whether it was actively accumulated or, for example, inherited or won in the lottery. However, regardless of the source of the money, the fact that it is perceived as ‘savings’ means that the consumer is prone to put and keep money aside rather than consume all the available resources. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate how one’s subjective wealth is linked to other saving practices. For example, they could take into account the strategies that consumers use in order to accumulate savings, saving motives or saving horizon.

Finally, one might argue that the subjective and objective measures of participants’ financial situations are not parallel and not focused on similar aspects of one’s wealth, as the objective measure captures only information about participants’ income, whereas subjective assessment also captures information about assets and a relation between income and expenses. It is possible that subjective measures reflect more information than objective ones, as participants take into account large amounts of data when answering a single question about the perception of their finances. Thus, future research would do well to measure objective financial situation in a more developed and precise manner, for example, by asking about different dimensions of this phenomenon (i.e., going beyond income and focusing on a broader aspect of financial assets). Also, when it comes to methodological improvements, some of the variables in our study (e.g., the amount of savings) were measured with the use of an interval scale. Future work would do well to measure similar variables by asking about the exact amount of money (earned or saved).

Despite the acknowledged limitations, the present study opens several avenues for further research. Apart from the directions indicated above, a dynamic nature of individual financial circumstances should be taken into account. Repeated measures of subjective wealth over the course of life will enhance the understanding of determinants of saving decisions. Moreover, there is a need to verify to what extent the perception of finances is related to other financial decisions, such as spending, borrowing, insuring or investing. Finally, when planning further research on the satisfaction paradox , it would be worth considering the results of research [ 71 ] that has shown that there are two types of consumers in relation to their finances: financial pessimists and financial optimists. Future research might investigate the differences in attitudes and saving behaviors of these two groups.

Practical implications

In the context of saving behavior, a very important question is how to increase the amount of savings in society. Many studies based on declarations provide results that are, to some extent, misleading, indicating that saving behavior can be obtained directly by increasing the wealth of a society. However, our study suggests that augmenting saving in society could probably be achieved more indirectly by influencing individuals’ positive perceptions of his/her financial situation. Such an indirect effect can be achieved, for example, by mental training related to perceptions of one’s financial situation. This possibility is an important conclusion for financial counselors who work with people to increase financial well-being.

The results of the described study also have more general implications related to marketing research. In the majority of marketing strategies, target groups for products are usually defined by level of income, assuming that people with a higher income will use more expensive products or prefer more luxurious brands than people with a lower income. The results of our study suggest that subjective financial situation can be at least as important a factor in explaining what people do with their money as objective measures.

Funding Statement

This project was supported by the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Warsaw (BST 181421/2018 awarded to Dominika Maison). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Data Availability

Personal Finance

17 successful strategies to make money online.

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The world is becoming more virtual, increasing the number of ways you can make money online. An online work-from-home situation offers a lot of perks, including flexibility, a comfortable environment, and no stressful commute. Whether you’re stuck in an office and ready to make a change—or are just looking for a convenient way to make money on the side—check out this list of options on how to make money online.

How to make money online

1. play online games.

If you used to get yelled at for playing computer games instead of doing your homework, your time has come: Now you can earn money for doing that. Game creators eager to build traffic and test concepts will pay if you play. And websites such as Swagbucks are the way to cash in. And as the name says, you’ll be paid in bucks—through Paypal transfer, check, or gift cards if you prefer. Payments can be small, but they add up.

2. Complete online surveys

If you’re looking to get rich, online surveys are not the way to do it. But on websites like InboxDollars , filling in surveys will let you make some extra cash to spend on daily expenses such as gas and groceries—or get gift cards for different stores and restaurants like Amazon, Starbucks, and Target. According to its website, each InboxDollars survey takes between three and 25 minutes to complete, and pays between $0.50 and $5. Occasionally, you might find a survey worth $10 or $20 if you fit a specific demographic—which means these small rewards can actually add up pretty quickly.

RELATED: Best Online Surveys for Money

3. Test the next viral app

It may seem like the world’s most popular apps just pop into existence. But in reality, there’s a whole team behind the scenes designing, coding, and marketing them—and those teams need people to test their work to ensure they’ve done the best job possible. FreeCash offers you the opportunity to become that tester—and to be paid for it, in some cases quite handsomely. While many offers pay out only a few dollars, others offer well over $100 (though to get there, you may need to play a game for a substantial amount of time or number of levels, for example). FreeCash coins can be paid out via PayPal, Bitcoin, VISA rewards, or Amazon gift cards among other options, and you can also earn them by taking surveys or using the FreeCash portal to make purchases or sign up for new services.

Get paid for testing apps, games & surveys

3. start a side hustle.

Having a side hustle or side gig in addition to a full-time job is pretty normal these days. Many people make a decent amount of money using side-hustle apps such as DoorDash or Uber. If you don’t want to go door-to-door delivering food—or don't have a car or the car insurance needed to become an Uber driver—you can look for other opportunities. With apps like TaskRabbit or Handy, you can get hired for random odd jobs in your neighborhood. If you want a side hustle that gets you outside and moving, check out the Rover app to find dog-walking clients.

4. Sell websites (or online businesses)

Got a website or online business with a decent following or perhaps a desirable domain name registered in your name? There’s money to be made from flipping websites. You just need to know where to look. Often the biggest hurdle is figuring out how much the website or business is worth and finding interested buyers. Websites are said to be worth two to three times the annual profit they generate, although that isn’t set in stone and can vary considerably. For a better idea, consider getting a professional valuation. Once you’ve settled on an asking price, look for an online marketplace that specializes in these types of transactions. It’s important to find somewhere safe that can attract as many potential bidders as possible. Flippa , which also offers a free website valuation tool, is considered one of the best.

5. Start a blog

If you love to write and have something useful or inspiring to say, consider starting a blog. A blog is a website where you regularly share your ideas or expertise with your readers. Before you start sharing your thoughts, you need to create a website. You can hire someone to build it for you or do it yourself. Website builders like SquareSpace make it really easy to put together a website on your own even with no previous experience. Once your site is up, it’s all about writing good content consistently and promoting your blog to attract readers and subscribers. If you want to monetize your blog, you need an audience. Then, you can use methods like affiliate marketing (earning income through product recommendations) and ads. You can also create your own product or service and sell it on your website.

6. Write a newsletter

An online newsletter is an email you send out to your subscribers to share information or promote a product or service. Let’s say you have a blog or a YouTube channel that’s all about yoga. In your newsletter, you can promote your favorite yoga wear using affiliate links. If your readers click on the link, it’s money in your pocket. You can also use your newsletter to promote your latest online yoga workshops, your one-on-one online yoga coaching sessions, and your comfy merch.

7. Create a Youtube channel

If you’ve always dreamed of being the next big YouTube star, now’s your chance. To make money on YouTube you need views and subscribers—lots of them. To qualify for the YouTube Partner Program, you need at least 1,000 subscribers with 4,000 public watch hours over the last 12 months or 1,000 subscribers with 10 million public short video views over the last 90 days. If you can meet these criteria, it’s possible to earn money. Using your YouTube Channel, you can try to profit from advertising revenue, channel membership, and selling merchandise in your YouTube store.

8. Write an ebook

Have you been sitting on a book idea for years? If so, why not try to self-publish and sell an ebook online? From financial advice and self-help to cookbooks and fiction, there is no end to what you can write about. If you have expertise on a subject and want to share your knowledge, an ebook is a great way to get the word out. There are many online ebook publishers, including Amazon Kindle, Smashwords, and Rakuten Kobo. Writing a book isn’t easy, and it takes a significant amount of effort on the front end. But once you hit publish, your ebook has passive-income potential.

9. Voice-over acting

For those with a beautiful, unique, or radio-announcer tone, have you considered voice-over work? Successful voice-over actors often have a background in acting (though it’s not necessary) and are able to do different characters or accents. Voice-over actors can find work narrating ebooks, online videos, or online ads. To get started, you will need a professional portfolio to share with potential clients. Voice-over acting also requires some initial investment. You’ll need to purchase a microphone and headphones, as well as voice recording and editing software.

10. Become a virtual assistant

A virtual assistant is a remote worker who offers administrative support to different clients. Successful virtual assistants are organized, reliable, and tech-savvy. The exact job tasks you will do as a virtual assistant can vary greatly based on your skill set as well as what your client wants. Some services you might offer include: responding to emails, scheduling client meetings and appointments, transcribing documents, and coordinating travel or bookkeeping. If you already have administrative experience, this can make it easier to break into the industry, but it's not necessary. You can start to look for clients using platforms like Belay, Upwork, and Zirtual.

11. Twitch streaming

Twitch lets gamers and other creators stream their content live. Similar to a YouTube channel, you make money by becoming a Twitch Partner or a Twitch Affiliate . There are several ways to monetize your content on Twitch, including subscriptions and “Bits.” Subscriptions (subs) allow your viewers to pay a monthly fee to support your channel. “Bits” are a virtual good that viewers can purchase to show their support and cheer on your content. As a Twitch Partner, you can also run ads on your streams and make money through sponsorship opportunities.

12. Test websites & apps

If you like being paid to take surveys, you might also enjoy earning money or rewards to test websites and apps. Instead of answering questions about specific products, you get to use websites and apps and provide your feedback. Similar to taking surveys, you aren’t going to earn enough to replace your full-time job. But it is a fun way to get paid for your perspective. If you’re interested, you can check out sites like UserTesting, UserPeek, and Userlytics. In addition to your computer, you will often need a microphone to participate.

13. Sell used items

Is your garage or hallway closet overflowing with stuff? Maybe it’s time to part with some of your old coats, toys, or kitchen appliances. Doing so not only frees up space in your household. It can also earn you extra money. With online sites like Facebook Marketplace, Nextdoor, and Craigslist, you can reach a wide audience of people perhaps interested in buying your unwanted items. It might not even be necessary to mail the stuff you sell. If you sign up on a local website, you can agree to meet the buyer in person.

14. Host on Airbnb

If you have a spare room or home, you can consider listing it on Airbnb. Decide whether you want to rent your space full-time, part-time, or just when you’re away traveling. While renting your space on Airbnb is considered a passive form of income , there is work involved. First, you need to ensure your space is ready to rent. This might include sprucing it up with new sheets, towels, and maybe a fresh coat of paint. There’s also the task of cleaning the space after guests leave. You can do this yourself or pay a cleaner. To get started, you need to sign up as a host with Airbnb and post your listing. While signing up is free, Airbnb will collect a percentage of your nightly rate. Prior to posting, it’s a good idea to confirm you’re allowed to rent your space. If you are part of a homeowners association, there might be rules against it.

15. Freelance writing

To become a freelance writer, you need to be a good writer, a strong researcher, and possess good organizational and time management skills. You don’t need a degree in journalism or English literature, though it doesn’t hurt. To start making money, you should have a portfolio with a few writing samples to share with potential clients. You can create a free writing portfolio on sites such as Contently and Muck Rack. To find clients, you can use online job boards. Three options: Upwork, Fiverr, and ProBlogger. However, there’s a lot of competition on these sites and the pay is often low. Once you have some experience, you can start to pitch clients on your own and increase your rates accordingly.

16. Dropshipping

Dropshipping allows you to sell a product online without having to keep stock. Using a drop shipping app, your customers can buy products from your online store that then ship directly from your supplier to your customer. To make money, you charge a slightly higher fee than your supplier and keep the profit. Before diving into the world of dropshipping, make sure you carefully research the product you want to sell and the wholesaler from which you plan to buy. To stay competitive, compare prices set by other buyers to determine what you should charge. There are a number of fraud issues around dropshipping , so proceed with caution.

17. Print on Demand

Print-on-demand (POD) lets you add your own designs to white-label products supplied by a third party on a per-order basis. Popular POD items include t-shirts, coffee mugs, tote bags, and socks. A benefit of POD is it eliminates the need to stock inventory, as everything is handled by the printing company. Many POD websites make it easy to set up your store and select products that you want to add your designs to. These companies will also print your designs and ship the products. To create your designs, you can use websites like Canva or you can hire someone else to create designs using sites like Fiverr or Upwork. To make money, you purchase your custom product for one price (let’s say $10), sell it for a markup ($22), and keep the profit.

Found is banking built for the self-employed

Frequently asked questions (faqs), how can i make $300 a day online.

It’s possible to earn $300 a day online freelancing. Many experienced freelance writers, web developers, graphic designers, and so on earn $300 or more per day.

What is the fastest way to make money online?

If you need to make money fast, selling used items online is one option. You can use online marketplaces such as Facebook, Craigslist, or OfferUp to find local buyers and earn cash quickly.

How do I make money online from my own website?

There are a variety of ways to monetize your website. You can earn money through affiliate marketing, by creating and selling a product or service, or by setting up a paid newsletter.

How do I make money on Amazon?

Amazon offers several ways to make money . There are various selling options, including wholesale selling or retail arbitrage. You can also make money by self-publishing a book on Amazon Kindle, through its affiliate marketing program, or by delivering packages with Amazon Flex.

How do I make money on TikTok?

There are several ways to make money on TikTok . For example, if you have at least 10,000 followers and more than 100,000 views in the last 30 days, check out the TikTok Creator Fund. Those who meet these requirements, are at least 18 years old, and based in the U.S., U.K., France, Germany, Spain, or Italy can start to earn money for engaging content. You can also sell products to your viewers or offer your fans the chance to see additional content using a subscription model.

The information presented here is created independently from the TIME editorial staff. To learn more, see our About page.

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Reports show scammers cashing in on crypto craze

From Super Bowl ads to Bitcoin ATMs, cryptocurrency seems to be everywhere lately. Although it’s yet to become a mainstream payment method, reports to the FTC show it’s an alarmingly common method for scammers to get peoples’ money. Since the start of 2021, more than 46,000 people have reported losing over $1 billion in crypto to scams [1] – that’s about one out of every four dollars reported lost, [2] more than any other payment method. The median individual reported loss? A whopping $2,600. The top cryptocurrencies people said they used to pay scammers were Bitcoin (70%), Tether (10%), and Ether (9%). [3]  

Crypto has several features that are attractive to scammers, which may help to explain why the reported losses in 2021 were nearly sixty times what they were in 2018. There’s no bank or other centralized authority to flag suspicious transactions and attempt to stop fraud before it happens. Crypto transfers can’t be reversed – once the money’s gone, there’s no getting it back. And most people are still unfamiliar with how crypto works. These considerations are not unique to crypto transactions, but they all play into the hands of scammers.

Reports point to social media and crypto as a combustible combination for fraud. Nearly half the people who reported losing crypto to a scam since 2021 said it started with an ad, post, or message on a social media platform. [4]

During this period, nearly four out of every ten dollars reported lost to a fraud originating on social media was lost in crypto, far more than any other payment method. [5] The top platforms identified in these reports were Instagram (32%), Facebook (26%), WhatsApp (9%), and Telegram (7%). [6]

Of the reported crypto fraud losses that began on social media, most are investment scams . [7] Indeed, since 2021, $575 million of all crypto fraud losses reported to the FTC were about bogus investment opportunities, far more than any other fraud type. The stories people share about these scams describe a perfect storm: false promises of easy money paired with people’s limited crypto understanding and experience. Investment scammers claim they can quickly and easily get huge returns for investors. But those crypto “investments” go straight to a scammer’s wallet. People report that investment websites and apps let them track the growth of their crypto, but it’s all fake. Some people report making a small “test” withdrawal – just enough to convince them it’s safe to go all in. When they really try to cash out, they’re told to send more crypto for (fake) fees, and they don’t get any of their money back.

Romance scams are a distant second to investment scams, with $185 million in reported cryptocurrency losses since 2021 – that’s nearly one in every three dollars reported lost to a romance scam during this period. [8] And many have an investment twist too. These keyboard Casanovas reportedly dazzle people with their supposed wealth and sophistication. Before long, they casually offer tips on getting started with crypto investing and help with making investments. People who take them up on the offer report that what they really got was a tutorial on sending crypto to a scammer. The median individual reported crypto loss to romance scammers is an astounding $10,000.

Business and government impersonation scams are next with $133 million in reported crypto losses since 2021. These scams can start with a text about a supposedly unauthorized Amazon purchase, or an alarming online pop-up made to look like a security alert from Microsoft. From there, people are reportedly told the fraud is extensive and their money is at risk. The scammers may even get the “bank” on the line to back up the story. (Pro tip: it’s not the bank.) In another twist, scammers impersonating border patrol agents have reportedly told people their accounts will be frozen as part of a drug trafficking investigation. These scammers tell people the only way to protect their money is to put it in crypto: people report that these “agents” direct them to take out cash and feed it into a crypto ATM. The “agent” then sends a QR code and says to hold it up to the ATM camera. But that QR code is embedded with the scammer’s wallet address. Once the machine scans it, their cash is gone.

People ages 20 to 49 were more than three times as likely as older age groups to have reported losing cryptocurrency to a scammer. [9] Reports point to people in their 30s as the hardest hit – 35% of their reported fraud losses since 2021 were in cryptocurrency. [10] But median individual reported losses have tended to increase with age, topping out at $11,708 for people in their 70s. [11]

Here are some things to know to steer clear of a crypto con:

• Only scammers will guarantee profits or big returns. No cryptocurrency investment is ever guaranteed to make money, let alone big money.
• Nobody legit will require you to buy cryptocurrency. Not to sort out a problem, not to protect your money. That’s a scam.
• Never mix online dating and investment advice . If a new love interest wants to show you how to invest in crypto, or asks you to send them crypto, that’s a scam.

To learn more about cryptocurrency scams – and how to spot and avoid scams generally – visit ftc.gov/cryptocurrency and ftc.gov/scams . Report scams to the FTC at ReportFraud.ftc.gov .

[1]These figures and figures throughout this Spotlight, unless otherwise noted, are based on fraud reports made directly to the FTC in the Consumer Sentinel Network database from January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022 that indicated cryptocurrency as the payment method. Reports provided by Sentinel data contributors are excluded because of inconsistencies among contributors in capturing payment information. Because the vast majority of frauds are not reported, these figures reflect just a small fraction of the public harm.  See  Anderson, K. B.,  To Whom Do Victims of Mass-Market Consumer Fraud Complain?  at 1 (May 2021),  available at   https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3852323  (study showed only 4.8% of people who experienced mass-market consumer fraud complained to a Better Business Bureau or a government entity).

[2] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, cryptocurrency was identified as the payment method for 24% of reported dollar losses in fraud reports to the FTC.

[3]These figures exclude reports that did not specify the type of cryptocurrency.

[4] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, 49% of fraud reports to the FTC indicating cryptocurrency as the payment method specified that the scam started on social media, compared to 37% in 2020, 18% in 2019, and 11% in 2018.

[5] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, $1.1 billion was reported to the FTC as lost to fraud originating on social media. Of that number, 39% was reported as paid using cryptocurrency, followed by bank transfer or payment (20%), and wire transfer (9%). 8% did not indicate a payment method.

[6] These figures exclude reports that did not specify a social media platform.

[7] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, people reported to the FTC that $417 million in cryptocurrency was lost to fraud originating on social media. $273 million of these losses were to fraud categorized as investment related, followed by romance scams ($69 million), and business imposters ($35 million).

[8] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, cryptocurrency was identified as the payment method for 29% of reported dollar losses to romance scams.

[9] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, people ages 20 to 49 submitted fraud loss reports to the FTC indicating social media as the contact method at a rate 3.4 times greater than people 50 and over. About 91% of fraud reports indicating cryptocurrency as the payment method during this period included age information. This age comparison is normalized based on the number of loss reports per million population by age during this period. Population numbers were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Selected Age Groups by Sex for the United States (June 2020).

[10] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, the percentage of total reported fraud losses that were lost in cryptocurrency by age were as follows: 12% (18-19), 23% (20-29), 35% (30-39), 33% (40-49), 28% (50-59), 19% (60-69), 10% (70-79), and 2% (80 and over). These figures exclude reports that did not indicate age.

[11] From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, the median individual reported cryptocurrency losses to fraud by age were as follows: $1,000 (18-19), $1,600 (20-29), $2,500 (30-39), $3,200 (40-49), $5,000 (50-59), $8,500 (60-69), $11,708 (70-79), and $8,100 (80 and over).

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More from the Data Spotlight

Who’s who in scams: a spring roundup, impersonation scams: not what they used to be, social media: a golden goose for scammers, iykyk: the top text scams of 2022.

An Analysis of Pandemic-Era Inflation in 11 Economies

In a collaborative project with ten central banks, we have investigated the causes of the post-pandemic global inflation, building on our earlier work for the United States. Globally, as in the United States, pandemic-era inflation was due primarily to supply disruptions and sharp increases in the prices of food and energy; however, and in sharp contrast to the 1970s, the inflationary effects of these supply shocks have not been persistent, in part due to the credibility of central bank inflation targets. As the effects of supply shocks have subsided, tight labor markets, and the rises in nominal wages, have become relatively more important sources of inflation in many countries. In several countries, including the United States, curbing wage inflation and returning price inflation to target may require a period of modestly higher unemployment.

We thank the Peterson Institute for International Economics and the Hutchins Center for Fiscal and Monetary Policy at the Brookings Institution for research support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

MARC RIS BibTeΧ

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