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How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs

Germany is an excellent destination for both young and experienced researchers. 

The European country is third behind the U.S. and China for research & development expenditure . Plus, it is home to some of the most prestigious (and affordable!) research universities in the world.

If you’re considering doing a PhD in Germany, you will need to follow these steps:

The main steps to doing a PhD in Germany:

• Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor
• Decide Between Individual and Structured PhD Programs
• Meet All Requirements & Prepare Your Application
• Apply for Doctoral Studies
• Secure Funding
• Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit
• Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

Why Pursue a PhD in Germany?

If you’re not yet sure if you should choose Germany for your PhD studies, here are some compelling reasons why you should consider it:

• Top-tier universities. Four German universities are ranked in the top 100 global universities, and many more are in the top 200.
• Large international student community. Germany welcomes a diverse and thriving international student community. Over 458,210 international students are currently studying in the country.
• Quality research institutions. There are over a thousand publicly funded research institutions (universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutes, businesses, and government bodies) that you can choose from in Germany.
• High investment in research and development. Germany’s public expenditure in the research and development sector reached a record high of 112.6 billion euros in 2021.
• Strong economy. Germany is known for its strong and stable economy. After completing your PhD, there are plenty of employment opportunities in the academic, business, and research sectors.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany

From finding the perfect program for you to submitting your application and starting your PhD, here are all the steps you need to take:

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1. Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor

After all the years of studying leading up to this step, you most likely have a few areas of interest you want to do your research in.

This is the first important step: define your research focus by considering your interests and academic background. If you need more help, you can consult online resources from research universities. Or, even better, you can discuss your decision to pursue a PhD with academic communities online or offline and seek advice from current PhD students in Germany who can tell you more about their individual experiences.

If you already know what your research direction is, you can begin searching for suitable programs right ahead. 

• The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has an extensive list of current opportunities, which you can look up at the  DAAD PhD Database . 
• Another option is to research universities in Germany individually to find the newest opportunities and offerings at each institution.

You will also have to find a supervisor. The best way to do this is to go to university websites and find faculty directories with profiles of professors and their research fields/current projects. Contact professors whose work aligns with your interests via email to inquire about supervision opportunities.

> Search PhD programs from 31,000 research institutions listed on the GERiT database .

Types of PhD Programs in Germany

There are two different paths you can take when pursuing a PhD: individual PhD programs and structured PhD programs. Each comes with its own set of advantages and requirements.

2. Verify That You Meet All Requirements & Prepare the Application

Requirements and application documents to apply for a PhD in Germany are specific to the institution and research area you’re applying to. But, as a general guideline, you should prepare the following:

• Academic degree recognized in Germany. You need a master’s degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) in a field relevant to the PhD program to qualify.
• Copy of master’s thesis. Submit a copy of your master’s thesis. The work should demonstrate your research skills and the depth of your academic work.
• Research proposal. Craft a clear and detailed research proposal that includes your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance. 
• Statement of purpose. Write a statement of purpose why you want to do a PhD in your chosen field, your academic and career goals, and how this program aligns with them.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV). Prepare a detailed CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, relevant coursework, publications, and any other qualifications.
• Proof of language proficiency. Depending on the language of instruction, you may have to provide proof of language proficiency in English and/or German. You can do this with certificates like TestDaF and DSH for German or TOEFL and IELTS for English. Proof of previous studies in the language is also sufficient.
• Academic references. Provide contact information or recommendation letters from professors/ academic advisors who can attest to your academic abilities and potential.
• Predoctoral examination. Some programs ask that you pass a predoctoral examination as part of the application process.

3. Apply for Doctoral Studies

After finding a suitable PhD program and mentor, and making sure your academic qualifications are recognized, you can send in your application.

You can send in your application online or by post, depending on the hosting institution’s preferences. To make sure, check their guidelines and specifications. Admission committees are selective, so you may also have to attend an interview soon in the application process.

4. Secure Funding

You must demonstrate access to a minimum of €934 per month (€11,208 per year) to meet visa requirements and live comfortably while you’re in Germany. You can prove this through an admission agreement or relevant PhD contract, or you can open a blocked account with individual funds.

There are many ways to support yourself financially while pursuing a PhD in Germany:

• PhD scholarships. DAAD offers the highest number of doctoral scholarships. PhD students get an average monthly stipend of €1,139. 
• Paid PhD positions. Many universities and research institutions offer paid PhD positions in Germany. You will work on specific research projects on a contract and receive a salary.
• Research associate positions. You can also work as a research associate in a university, research institution, or company and receive a salary as compensation.
• Part-time jobs. Some PhD students/researchers work part-time jobs that are not related to their studies for extra income.

> Read more about the costs of studying in Germany.

> Discover PhD scholarships in Germany.

5. Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit

If the institution confirms your place in the PhD program, next in line is applying for a student visa or residence permit. The requirements for a German PhD visa or permit can vary depending on your nationality and circumstances: 

Visa Requirements

If you’re a citizen of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), or Switzerland, you don’t need a special permit or visa for a PhD in Germany. You can enter the country for research and work purposes with a valid passport or ID card.

Otherwise, you will need a visa and/or a residence permit to do your PhD in Germany. Nationals of some countries, including the United States, Australia, Israel, Japan, and Korea, don’t need a visa but must apply for a residence permit.

Depending on the circumstances, you need one of the following visas:

• Study visa. If you’re pursuing a full-time doctoral program.
• Research visa. If your focus is on research and you have a formal affiliation with a research institution in Germany.
• EU Blue Card. If your PhD contract pays a gross annual salary of at least €45,300 (or €41,041.80 in certain professions), you can apply for an EU Blue Card . This is a special residence title for international academics and other professionals.

Residence Permit Requirements

If you come to Germany on a visa, you will need to apply for a residence permit within three months of arrival. This also applies to nationals of countries outside the EU, EEA, and Switzerland who are exempt from the visa requirement.

You can apply for one of the following residence permits:

• Study permit. If you’re accepted into a PhD program at a German university, apply for a study-based residence permit. It lasts up to two years, extendable.
• Research permit. If you’re a researcher with the right qualifications for doctoral programs, apply for a research permit. This requires a contract with a research institution for your project.
• EU Blue Card. With a PhD offer that has a minimum salary of €45,300 per year, or €41,041.80 for some bottleneck professions , you may be eligible for the EU Blue Card. Apply for this permit if you meet the criteria.

> For more specific information tailored to your situation, we recommend contacting the German embassy or consulate in your home country. You can also use this visa navigator.

6. Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

The most exciting step of all is near—time to unpack your bags and begin your life as a PhD student or researcher in Germany. Once you’re settled in, there are some formalities you need to take care of.

The international office at the university or another representative can guide you best on this. However, here are some of the main things you need to do once you arrive in Germany:

Register Your Residence

Shortly after your arrival, you must register your residence at the local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). This is mandatory, and you typically have a window of two weeks to complete this process. 

Get Health Insurance

Everyone in Germany is required by law to have health insurance coverage. This includes international PhD students. Depending on the source of your funding, you are eligible for one of the following health insurance coverages: 

• Doctoral candidates with an employment contract are automatically insured with a state-regulated health insurance provider (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung-GKV) in most cases.
• Doctoral candidates without an employment contract (with a fellowship or private funding) can choose between:
• Voluntary health insurance coverage with a state-regulated provider.
• Coverage with a private health insurance company.

There are some exceptions in which you can use your insurance from your home country. These apply to students from a European Union (EU) country or other countries with social security agreements with Germany.

Open a Bank Account 

You should open a German bank account as soon as possible. Most financial transactions in Germany, including receiving your stipend or salary, are done through a German bank account.

Enroll at the University

If your PhD program is part of a university degree, you need to enroll as a student at the university. Follow your university’s instructions to submit the necessary documents to the enrollment office. These usually include your admission letter, passport, proof of health insurance, and semester fee.

After you complete this process, you will receive an Enrollment Certificate (Immatrikulationsbescheinigung). This is a very important document that you most likely need in the future.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There’s a lot of planning involved if you’re considering doing a PhD, especially if it’s in a foreign country. We’re sure you’ve got more questions, and we’re here to help.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Germany?

A PhD in Germany usually takes between three to six years to complete. Just like in other countries, it can take longer or shorter than expected, depending on several factors. The type of PhD you choose (structured programs can be more rigid), your subject area, and individual progress can all make a difference in the time it takes to get a PhD in Germany.

Are PhD Programs in Germany Tuition-Free?

The majority of PhD programs in Germany are tuition-free, at least for the first six semesters. However, if need to enroll at a university for your PhD, there is a small semester fee you need to cover. The fee can be higher or lower depending on the university, but it usually falls within the range of €100 to €350.

Is German Mandatory to Pursue a PhD in Germany?

You don’t necessarily have to know German to do a PhD in Germany. In fact, most PhD programs in Germany are in English, especially in fields such as science, engineering, and humanities. In these programs, you can both write your thesis and communicate with your advisor and peers in English.

There is of course the chance that the program you’ve chosen is in German or requires knowledge of German (in most cases, in addition to English). In this case, you have to prove your proficiency through a recognized language certificate or proof of previous studies in German.

Even if German isn’t mandatory, we strongly encourage you to learn the basics. They will be super helpful in daily interactions and getting accustomed to life in Germany.

How Much Does a PhD Student Earn in Germany?

Most PhD candidates in Germany receive financial support in the form of a salary or grant. This includes candidates affiliated with universities, research institutes, or company collaborations.

The majority of doctoral positions are structured under either the Collective Agreement for Civil Service TVöD (Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst or the Collective Agreement for the Civil Service of Individual Federal States TV-L (Tarifvertrag der Länder). Since universities are funded by their respective federal government, if your PhD is affiliated with one, your salary will be structured under the TV-L.

Doctoral positions fall within the TV-L 13 category, with a salary range spanning from €4,188 (Tier 1) to €6,037 (Tier 6). The difference between the tiers (Stufe) depends on prior experience in the field. If you don’t have any research experience, you will fall under Tier 1 and progress to the other tiers throughout your PhD.

Your salary will ultimately be determined based on a wage agreement that specifies the contract tier (Stufe) and working hours (percentage-based). Many entry-level PhD students start with tier 1 contracts that are not full-time. For example, if your contract places you in Pay Group E-13 Tier 1 of the TV-L and you work at 75% capacity, your monthly gross salary will be €3,141.

> Learn more about pay ranges for PhD students using this convenient calculator .

Can I Work While Pursuing a PhD in Germany?

Part-time work is an option in most cases unless it’s strictly stated otherwise in your contract. Whether or not you are allowed to work on the side as a PhD in Germany depends on the working hours stated in your PhD contract, supervisor, and other specific circumstances. 

However, since the PhD is considered a job in itself, it’s usually frowned upon to have a side hustle. Even if you have a 50% contract, a PhD is demanding and requires long hours of work and research. If you choose to work on the side, make sure to find the right balance between work and your PhD commitments. To be on the safe side, it’s best to talk to your supervisor and go over all the legal and contractual obligations related to your PhD.

What Is the Process for Defending a PhD Thesis in Germany?

Here are the main steps to defending your PhD thesis in Germany:

• Submit your thesis. The first step is submitting submit your thesis and supporting documents in adherence to all the formal requirements. A commission will be formed, and in some cases, you can suggest reviewers.
• Oral defense. The next step is preparing and undergoing an oral defense, which can take between 30 minutes to 2 hours. During this time, you will present your research and discuss it with the committee. The defense can be either public or private.
• Receive the title and publish your work. The outcome of the discussion determines your final grade, to be received after the defense. If everything goes well, you’re granted the Ph.D. title and have about two years to publish your dissertation.

What Are the Career Prospects Like After Doing a PhD in Germany?

Career prospects after a PhD in Germany are quite promising. 

The most common paths for PhD holders in Germany are either in academia as professors or post-doctorate researchers or in industry positions. 

Technology, healthcare, and finance, in particular, are some of the most in-demand industries in Germany. The country’s strong economy and research-oriented environment make it an attractive place to develop your career.

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We have 42 PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships in Germany

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PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships in Germany

Phd researcher (f/m/x): origin of common diseases in childhood – health behaviour, nutrition and environment (9211) children's hospital, pediatric research center, life child, phd research project.

PhD Research Projects are advertised opportunities to examine a pre-defined topic or answer a stated research question. Some projects may also provide scope for you to propose your own ideas and approaches.

Funded PhD Project (Students Worldwide)

This project has funding attached, subject to eligibility criteria. Applications for the project are welcome from all suitably qualified candidates, but its funding may be restricted to a limited set of nationalities. You should check the project and department details for more information.

PhD Researcher (f/m/x): Origin of Common Diseases in Childhood – Genetic/Epigenetic Predisposition (9212) Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, LIFE Child

Phd position on inflammatory bone loss (f/m/x), phd position (f/m/d) in biophotonics / molecular biophysics, phd position / research assistent (f/m/d) on development and characterization of a reaction device for nmr measurements under harsh process conditions, phd student (f/m/d), doctoral researcher (m/f/div) in microbiome systems biology, phd student (f/m/d) center for optogenetic therapies, phd positions on research with the icecube neutrino telescope, phd position on radio detection of neutrinos, phd student (f/m/d), phd position in plant biochemistry of stress perception (m/f/d), materials for the detection of minority species in optofluidic waveguides, funded phd project (european/uk students only).

This project has funding attached for UK and EU students, though the amount may depend on your nationality. Non-EU students may still be able to apply for the project provided they can find separate funding. You should check the project and department details for more information.

PhD student (m/f/d) position

Responsive biomaterials based on biogenic resources.

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The Ultimate Guide to Studying in Germany in 2024

Browse all phd programmes in germany.

• Oct-Sep Academic Year
• 71 Listed Institutes
• 72 Ranked Universities
• 369,000 Int. Students
• 3,280,000 Students
• 83,884,000 Population

Why study in Germany

If you're looking to study at a university in Germany , you will find a wealth of study options, from world-renowned technical universities to vibrant cultural hubs, ensuring a well-rounded educational experience. Its education has a strong research focus, clearly imposed high standards, a more traditional and hierarchical approach to lectures and seminars, and a highly competitive application system.  

There are over 400 higher education institutions in Germany , of which dozens feature in the World University Rankings. In Europe, German universities have always been highly regarded. And ‘always’, in this case, means since 1386 when they opened the first university in Heidelberg. And today, they care about higher education just as much: each year, Germany spends an average of 14,200 USD for each student (an amount higher than the OECD average of 11,800 USD). 

Why do international students choose to study in Germany?

1. Free higher education for international students 

Most public universities are free for all students , regardless of nationality, so many international students choose to study in Germany. However, getting in is not easy; the number of places is limited, and speaking German is usually necessary. On the other hand, private universities offer English-taught programmes, which are easier to get into, but also have quite expensive fees.  

2. Different types of study programmes for different fields of study  

In Germany, higher education is structured by fields of study and the specific goals of each degree. This means students benefit from clear career paths due to their specialised training and opportunities for professional development.  

3. Perfect place to study if you’re into Tech, Engineering, Arts, or Humanities 

German universities have consistently performed well in the field of Engineering & Technology . The country has a strong industrial and technological base which, combined with the strong partnerships between universities and industry, leads to high-performing, innovative study programmes perfect for tech enthusiasts.  

At the same time, German universities also excel in fields like philosophy, literature, and history. Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Heidegger are just some German names that changed these fields forever.  

Culture in Germany

German people place a high value on being on time and getting things done in an organised manner. They are also hardworking and appreciate good discipline, while their communication style is direct. You will also find that Germans care a lot about social justice and environmental protection, and the country has many initiatives and programs in place to promote sustainability and social responsibility. 

Cultural diversity in Germany  

Germany is among the biggest countries in Europe and the second most populous on the continent (with a population of more than 83 million people). Its position in the continent's heart exposed it continuously to cultural influences: northern and southern, eastern and western-European.  

Germany reflects its complex history and regional differences. Generally, western Germany has a slightly higher quality of life and salaries than eastern Germany. At the same time, religion is less important in the East than in the West, and there are lower living costs. Some of the major cities in the East include Berlin, Leipzig, and Dresden. 

There are also cultural differences between the North and the South. The south is known for its traditional Bavarian culture, with lederhosen, dirndls (traditional clothes), and a strong beer culture. The north tends to be more international, with cities like Berlin and Hamburg known for their art scenes, nightlife, and fashion. 

Each region has its own distinct traditions, dialects, and culinary specialities. For example, Bavaria is known for its traditional folk costumes, beer festivals, and hearty cuisine, while the Rhineland is known for its carnival celebrations and love of wine. 

Different cultures in Germany 

The country is home to many different ethnic groups, including Turkish, Poles, Russians, Italians, Romanians and others. Each of these groups has its own unique cultural traditions, languages, and customs, which contribute to the overall cultural diversity of the country. According to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, the largest immigrant population in Germany is from Turkey, with more than 1,4 million people as of December 2021. Naturally, Turkish is the most commonly spoken immigrant language; in many schools, students can study it as a second language and even choose it as a subject for the Abitur (the German exam taken at the end of high school before they can continue to university). 

Languages spoken in Germany 

The main language spoken in Germany is called German or "Deutsch" (not to be mistaken with Dutch, which is spoken in the Netherlands). In school, most Germans learn the so-called "Standarddeutsch" or "Hochdeutsch," the standard or high form of German. However, there are many different accents and dialects spoken throughout the country. 

Aside from German, several other languages are spoken in Germany due to its diverse population and history. Some of the most common are English, Turkish, Polish, Arabian, and Russian. You can get by knowing only one of these languages, especially English, which is taught in schools, and Turkish, which has a large immigrant population speaking it, but your experience will be limited. If you want to move past basic day-to-day activities or situations and want to enjoy socialising, as well as full work and study opportunities , then you need to learn German.  

German food culture 

Germany is known for its love of pork, beef, and sausages, served in hearty dishes, with potatoes, vegetables, and bread. Some of the most well-known German dishes include: 

• Schnitzel - Thin, breaded and fried cutlets of meat, usually pork or veal, served with a side of potatoes, vegetables or salad. 
• Sausages - Germany is famous for its many types of sausages, including bratwurst, weisswurst, and currywurst, often served with mustard and bread or potato salad. 
• Sauerkraut - This is fermented cabbage commonly served as a side dish with meat. 
• Spätzle - Noodles often served as a side dish with meat, stews or gravies. 
• Pretzels - A soft, chewy bread often served as a snack with mustard or cheese. 
• Black Forest Cake - A chocolate cake layered with cherries and whipped cream, named after the Black Forest region of Germany. 

Overall, German food culture is diverse and flavourful, and many German cities and regions also have unique specialities and local dishes. 

Weather in Germany  

Germany has a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. However, there are some regional variations. In summer, temperatures can reach up to 25-30°C (77-86°F), especially towards the south of the country where it’s warmer. In fact, the southwest has a Mediterranean climate so you can even see exotic trees like lemons, kiwis, and figs. In winter, on the other hand, temperatures below the freezing point and snowfall are not uncommon, particularly in the Bavarian Alps and the Black Forest.  

How to choose a university in Germany?

The first thing you should know when thinking about how to choose a university in Germany is that there are four types of higher education institutions, each with its own particularities: 

1. Universities. They have a strong focus on theoretical knowledge and research. 

2. Universities of applied sciences. These universities have a practical approach to learning. Their most common fields of study are Technology, Business, Social Services, and Media. 

3. Colleges of Art, Film, and Music. These universities are entirely dedicated to the study and practice of Art, Film, and Music; typically, there is a talent-based admission test, and specially gifted people might get in even if they don’t fulfil the other requirements.  

4. Cooperative universities. These universities combine academic learning with practical work in a company (they offer dual study programmes – duale hochschulen) 

Deciding where you want to study is a deeply personal choice, but there are a few general ideas you should consider, like your budget, the language requirements, or the location of the university. To simplify things, we’ve compiled a list of the main aspects to remember when deciding which German university is right for you. 

Choosing a university checklist: 

1. Depending on what you wish to study, find out which type of higher education institution offers the programme you’re interested in: universities, universities of applied sciences, colleges of art, film, and music, or cooperative universities.  

2. Check the language of instruction: German is the primary language of instruction at most universities in Germany, although there are some programmes taught in English . 

3. Consider the key differences between different locations in Germany: 

• East vs West: The East is a bit less wealthy than the West but has lower living costs.  
• North vs South: The south is known for the traditional Bavarian culture, while the north tends to be more international. 
• Rural vs Urban: many students choose to study in rural areas like Bayreuth, Göttingen, or Tübingen for a quieter lifestyle and access to outdoor activities. However, urban areas offer more opportunities for internships, jobs, and cultural events. 

4. Choose between public and private universities: public ones have free tuition fees but are much harder to get into and most likely have programmes taught in German; private ones have tuition fees that are quite expensive but will likely have programmes in English, and it’s easier to be admitted into one.  

5. Read student reviews to learn how other students feel at that university. If you access a programme of study on our portal , you can read tens of student reviews for each study programme. And if you're still in doubt, try chatting with students who are currently studying at universities you are interested in.  

>>> There are plenty of international study programmes to choose from on Studyportals:  2000 study programmes in Germany .  

What are the best universities in Germany 

Known for their high academic standards, strong focus on research, and emphasis on theoretical education, 59 universities in Germany feature in the most important World Rankings . Here are the top 5 universities in Germany:

• Technical University of Munich .Known for its strength in engineering and technology, the university also strongly focuses on interdisciplinary research and international collaborations. It is consistently ranked as one of the top universities in Germany and Europe.
• Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich . As one of the oldest universities in Germany, LMU has a strong reputation for research in a wide range of fields, including humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. It is located in the heart of Munich, known for its vibrant cultural scene and high quality of life.
• Heidelberg University . Located in the charming university town of Heidelberg, this university has a long history of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its research in medicine, natural sciences, and humanities.
• Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin . This university is a medical school, one of the largest and most prestigious medical institutions in Europe. It strongly focuses on research and innovation in healthcare and is located in the vibrant city of Berlin.
• Humboldt University Berlin . Founded in 1810, Humboldt University has a long tradition of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its strengths in humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences and is located in the heart of Berlin.

>>> The full list of university rankings in Germany .

What are the top student hubs in Germany

When you think of studying in Germany, the first place that comes to mind might be the dynamic and rapidly evolving Berlin, and it sure is a worthy destination. But Germany has quite a variety of student hubs that you should absolutely consider.

Berlin. The German capital is cosmopolitan, welcoming to international students and ex-pats, and more affordable than other capitals in central and western Europe. It is also home to several prestigious universities, including Humboldt University, the Technical University of Berlin, and the Free University of Berlin.

München . München, the third largest city in Germany, hosts the famous Oktoberfest celebration and is considered a hub of technology, art, culture, and business. On top of that, you will have a lot of opportunities to do awesome outdoor activities . It is also home to the top two universities in the country, as per the latest rankings : the Technical University of München and Ludwig Maximilian University.

Heidelberg. In Heidelberg, you can find the oldest university in Germany, dating from the 14th century: Heidelberg University. The city sits between a river and a forest, with its own castle ruins, old bridge, Gothic churches, and funicular railroads.  The historic city is one of the most beautiful in Germany.

Rhine - Ruhr region. This region is the largest metropolitan area in Germany and is an international, industrial, and educational hub. The area sits in the country's West and includes large cities like Düsseldorf , Köln , and Dortmund . In the Ruhr area alone, there are 22 universities, which makes it the area with the largest number of higher education institutions in Germany.

Overall, each of these student hubs in Germany offers a unique and distinct experience for students, with different cultural, historical, and natural attractions to explore.

Tuition Fees in Germany

Tuition fees in Germany depend on the type of university you attend – public or private – and on your level of study – undergraduate, postgraduate or doctorate degree.  

Public universities are free for all undergraduate students, meaning there are no tuition fees for international students. The only cost is a small administration fee of 265 EUR per year. 

For Master’s degrees, the situation is a little different. MAs are free only if you completed your Bachelor’s in Germany and your MA is in the same field of study. PhDs are usually free. 

The only exception to this rule is the Baden-Wurttemberg area (which includes the cities of Freiburg and Stuttgart) , which has tuition fees for students outside the EU. Even in this area, some universities (e.g. The University of Stuttgart ) allow you to apply for a tuition fee waiver if you’re going through financial hardship, or request a tuition fee reimbursement if your financial status changes and you start having difficulties after you’ve already paid.  

Private universities are paid . Tuition fees reach up to tens of thousands of euros per year. The average for a Bachelor’s degree is between 10,000 and 15,000 EUR per year, while a Master’s varies between 10,000 and 20,000 EUR per year. However, some universities can have tuition as high as 50-60,000 EUR, like Bard University from Berlin. 

>>> Use the ‘Tuition fee’ filter on the left menu of our Bachelor’s , Master’s , or PhD   search pages to find the programme best suited for your budget. You can also sort the list of available programmes by Lowest tuition fee by clicking the top right Sort button. 

Learn about tuition fee insurance for international students and why it's useful . 

Can I study in Germany for free?

Yes, you can access free education in Germany for international students, and this is a big attraction point for students who want to study abroad in Europe. However, there are a few restrictions to accessing tuition-free programmes: 

• You must study at a public university 
• Undergraduate and PhD programmes are free, but the only way to study a Master’s in Germany for free is if you completed a BA in that country and your MA is in the same field of study as your BA.  
• There is an exception to the rule: public universities in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg area have tuition fees for non-EU international students. Some of the best universities here are:  
• Heidelberg University  
• University of Tübingen  
• University of Freiburg  
• Ulm University  
• Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  
• University of Mannheim  
• University of Hohenheim  
• University of Konstanz  

Financial Aid and Scholarships in Germany

Because higher education in Germany is mostly free, there are not so many scholarships available. The main organisation offering scholarships and awards is Begabtenförderungswerke - scholarships for gifted students . 

This is a group of 13 scholarship providers supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. 

Types of scholarships on offer

There are several types of financial aid and scholarships available in Germany , and to choose which ones are best fitted for you, you should keep in mind a few factors: eligibility, requirements, what kind of support they offer, and whether that meets your needs, how difficult is the application process, and how competitive is the award.   

These are the main scholarship types in Germany: 

DAAD Scholarships: The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) offers a wide range of scholarships for international students and researchers to study or conduct research in Germany. 

Deutschlandstipendium: This is a merit-based scholarship that provides financial support to highly talented students enrolled in a degree program at a German university. 

Erasmus+ Scholarships: The Erasmus+ program provides scholarships for students from EU member states to study or conduct research abroad, including in Germany. 

StipendiumPlus: This is a scholarship program funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) that provides financial support to talented and committed students who face challenging social or personal circumstances. 

Foundations and organisations: Many private foundations and organisations in Germany also offer scholarships to students based on academic merit, financial need, or other criteria. 

Where you can find scholarships

An excellent starting point when figuring out where to apply for scholarships is the Mastersportal search for scholarships in Germany .  

Other credible sources with up-to-date information about scholarships and financial aid: 

• Studyportals Scholarship – International Distinction Award, open to all international students – see FAQ about the award here. 
• Your preferred university's official website . They will likely award scholarships themselves or recommend partner organisations where to apply for financial aid.  
• Funding programmes for musicians and artists . If your area of study is art, music or film, you can also look into accessing a programme that supports artists and musicians.  

How to apply 

Once you’ve researched and shortlisted the scholarships you want to apply to, it’s time to get going with the actual application. Applying for a foreign university scholarship may be intimidating, but if you follow these steps, it won’t be that hard: 

• Check the eligibility criteria: ensure you meet all the requirements, including academic achievements, nationality, age, field of study, and more. Applying for a bursary or a university grant may have different rules from applying for a scholarship. 
• Gather the required documents: Financial aid providers all have a how-to-apply for university funding or scholarship page. This is the place to find and check what documents you need, things like transcripts, a motivation letter for applying to the scholarship , and recommendation letters. 
• Complete the application: pay attention as you fill out the scholarship application form to ensure you include all required information. 
• Submit the application: a very important step, take a deep breath and click submit! 
• Wait for a response: this may be harder than it sounds. But if you are shortlisted, you will probably be called for an interview or asked to provide additional information. See our advice on how to do well in a scholarship interview.  
• Accept the scholarship: the best part! If you are selected, read through the terms and conditions and accept the scholarship offer if you are happy with the terms. 

What to include in your application 

The specific requirements for a scholarship application will vary depending on the type of financial aid or scholarship and the program you are applying to. However, a scholarship application will always ask you to explain why you are applying for financial aid and how it will help you achieve your academic and career goals. This is usually done in a motivation letter or a request letter for your scholarship application, and it is the most important element of your application. That’s why it’s essential to Learn how to write a motivation letter for your scholarship .  

Other information to include in your application will likely be: 

• Personal information 
• Academic background, such as your academic transcripts, degrees, and certificates 
• Letters of recommendation, typically provided by teachers, professors, or employers who can vouch for your academic abilities and potential 
• Financial Information 
• Essays or writing samples that demonstrate your writing skills and ability to think critically. 
• Other supporting materials, such as a portfolio of work or a list of awards and honours 

Interested in scholarships for Germany? Check out our scholarship search page.

Apply to university in Germany

How to apply.

The easiest way to apply to a German university as an international student is through Uni-Assist .  This service guides you step by step as you put together your application, it evaluates your certificates and sends your application to the university you’re interested in.

How much does it cost to apply to university?

The cost for the service is 75 EUR for the first application and 15 EUR for subsequent applications.

Can you apply directly to a university?

The alternative to Uni-Assist is to apply directly at the university and contact their International Office for assistance.

There are also differences between public and private universities. At public universities, admissions are regulated by “numerus clausus,”   a numbers-based system determining the number of available places on a programme. It doesn’t matter how good students are; the set number will be respected. Also, admission is based on high school marks, so again, the numbers will determine whether you get in or not.

However, demand is not as high for private universities because of their tuition fees, so getting in is considerably easier.

What’s the structure of the German academic year

The academic year in Germany generally runs from October 1st to September 30th of the following year and is divided into two main semesters:

1. Wintersemester : from October 1st to March 31st

The lecture period typically begins in mid-October and ends in mid-February, while the examination period typically lasts from late February to mid-March

There is also a semester break, usually from mid-February to mid-April

2. Sommersemester: from April 1st to September 30th

The lecture period typically begins in mid-April and ends in late July, with the examination period lasting from late July until mid-August. The semester break takes place from mid-August to mid-October.

There are also three extra short breaks during the academic year:

• Christmas break: around Christmas and New Year time in late December - beginning of January.
• Easter break: it depends on when Easter falls, but it’s usually in March or April
• Pentecost break: usually one week in May or June (depending on when Pentecost falls)

Of course, there can be variations to this schedule depending on the individual university, so it’s always best to check with your university as well.

When to apply for German universities 

Depending on when your course starts, there are also two application deadlines: 15 July if your programme starts in the winter semester and 15 January if your programme starts with the summer semester.

Documents needed to apply for university

The specific documents required to apply to a German university may vary depending on the program and the university. However, here is a list of common documents that are usually required:

• A completed application form: This can be an online application form or a paper-based form.
• A copy of your high school diploma or equivalent: This may include a transcript of grades or a certificate of completion.
• Proof of language proficiency: This may include a certificate of proficiency in German (such as TestDaF or DSH) or in English (such as TOEFL or IELTS), depending on the language of instruction of the program.
• A curriculum vitae (CV): This should include your education, work experience, skills, and achievements.
• A letter of motivation: This should explain why you are interested in the program and why you are a suitable candidate for it.
• Letters of recommendation: These should be written by teachers, professors, or employers who can attest to your academic or professional abilities.
• A valid passport or ID card: This is needed to prove your identity and citizenship.

It's important to note that some universities may require additional documents, such as a portfolio of artwork or a medical certificate. Make sure to check the specific requirements of each university and programme before applying.

Language requirements

To study in Germany, you need to speak German or English. Most programmes of study require German, especially those at public universities.  

German Language requirements 

If you apply at a public university in Germany, chances are the main language of instruction will be German, so you will need to show proof of your German language skills by taking one of these tests: 

• DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang) - the German language exam for university entrance 

The test is organised and hosted by the university at which you apply, but keep in mind that not all universities offer this test. Check which institution offers DSH . 

• TestDaF (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang)  

The test can be taken both on paper and digitally at one of the registered test centres worldwide. Find the available centres to take TestDaF .  

English language requirements for German universities

If, on the other hand, you apply for an English-taught degree , you’ll have to show proof of English language proficiency, in which case these tests would apply (but check your university’s page to be sure which tests they accept): 

• IELTS . You’ll get a score of 0 to 9 for each category (Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking), as well as an overall band score. Generally, German universities ask for a score of 6.0 or 6.5.   
• TOEFL . The four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) have a score of 0 to 30 points each. You can get a maximum of 120 points. Many universities ask for a score of 90 to be admitted.  
• PTE Academic . You can obtain a score between 10 and 90 points in the three sections Speaking & Writing, Reading, and Listening. To study for an undergraduate degree, you usually need a score between 51-60 points, and for a postgraduate degree a score of 57-67.  
• Duolingo English test . The test is gaining more and more popularity and is already accepted by thousands of institutions worldwide. You’ll get a score between 10 and 160 points, where 95-100 points is the equivalent of the 6.0 IELTS score.  

>> To learn more about the different English tests you can take, read this comprehensive guide we’ve put together.  

Student housing in Germany

Finding suitable and affordable housing can be a challenge, especially in major cities where demand is high. The main options you have in Germany are the following: 

• Student dormitories . Many universities have their own dormitories, which can be a good option for international students. These dormitories can be a bit basic, but they are affordable and offer a great opportunity to meet other students. 
• Student housing apartments. Many students in Germany live in shared apartments, called "WG" (Wohngemeinschaft). These apartments have shared kitchens and bathrooms, but each person has their own private room. 
• Off campus student housing - Private apartments. If you prefer to live alone or with family, you can also look for private apartments. However, these can be more expensive and harder to find, especially in big cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg. 

Renting a one-bedroom apartment in Germany varies between 500 and 1000 EUR on average, depending on the city you choose (München and Stuttgart being the most expensive) and how close to the city centre you want to live. Of course, you can also share a flat, and that will amount to a smaller rent.  

Check these useful resources where you can find student accommodation: 

• Amber   

You can look for a flat on Amber - a private platform where you can easily book student accommodation across 9 countries.  

• Studentenwerk    

Studentenwerk is a student organisation that provides affordable housing options for students. They manage dormitories, shared apartments and single apartments at affordable prices. 

When to apply for student accommodation

You should start looking for accommodation as soon as possible, ideally several months before your planned move-in date, as long as you have an offer from the university you applied to.  

Many universities in Germany have their own housing facilities or partnerships with local accommodation providers, so it's also a good idea to check with your university's international office or student services department for information on available options and application deadlines. 

Cost of living in Germany

Overall, Germany is a more affordable place to live compared to other countries in Western Europe. You can make do with less than 1000 EUR per month. And if you combine this with free tuition fees, you’ve got a very budget-friendly study destination.  

Accommodation is likely to be your biggest expense. The cost of rent varies depending on the location and size of the apartment or room. In bigger cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg, the average rent for a single room in a shared apartment ranges from €300 to €600 per month, while the average rent for a one-bedroom apartment ranges from €600 to €1000 euros per month. A monthly pass for public transportation can cost around €70 to €100 per month. 

Cost of food in Germany

The cost of food in Germany is relatively affordable, with a basic meal in a restaurant costing between 8 and 15 euros. Grocery shopping can also be affordable at discount stores like Lidl, Aldi, or Netto. Here are some general estimates of the cost of food in Germany: 

Groceries   

On average, a litre of milk costs around 0.70-1.20 EUR, a loaf of bread costs around 1-3 EUR, and a dozen eggs costs around 1-2 EUR. A kilogram of apples, bananas or potatoes costs around 1-2 EUR, and a kilogram of chicken or beef costs around 8-15 EUR. 

Eating Out 

A basic lunch in a fast-food restaurant or cafeteria can cost around 5-8 EUR, while a sit-down meal in a mid-range restaurant costs, on average, 12-25 EUR per person. Fine dining restaurants can be much more expensive, with prices ranging from 40-100 EUR per person or more. 

Drinks  

A water bottle (0.5 litres) is typically around 0.50 - 1 EUR, while a regular beer costs between 1.50 and 3 EUR in a bar or restaurant. A bottle of wine (750ml) can range from 5 to 15 EUR, with higher-end wines costing more. 

Work and study in Germany

Are international students allowed to work in germany.

International students are allowed to work in Germany under certain conditions. If you are a non-EU citizen, you can work 120 full days or 240 half days per year. However, during semester breaks, you are allowed to work full-time. You must request permission from the Federal Employment Agency and the Foreigners' Office to work more than that.  Also, remember that international students are not allowed to work as self-employed or freelance. 

It's also worth noting that some degree programs may have their own limitations on the working hours for international students in Germany. Therefore, it's important to check with your university's international office or career centre for specific guidelines regarding employment for international students. 

On the other hand, if you are an EU citizen or a citizen of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, or Switzerland, you can work in Germany without any restrictions. 

Where can I find jobs?

You can start by looking at specific job portals for student jobs in Germany. On these portals, you can find part-time work for students and flexible and short-term work opportunities.  

Some popular student job portals include: 

• Jobmensa  
• StudentJob  
• Nebenjob  
• Unicorns  

Moreover, many universities in Germany have career centres that can help students find work opportunities. These centres can provide information on job vacancies, internships, and career events, but they also guide in creating a resume and preparing for job interviews.  

>> Read this article for Tips on Finding Part-Time Jobs for International Students , including ideas of how to get an internship or online work-from-home jobs for students. 

There are also online communities and groups where students and professionals in Germany share job opportunities and career advice, like InterNations and Meetup . 

Is Germany safe?

In general, Germany is considered a safe country ; however, you should use the same common-sense personal safety measures that you would use anywhere else in the world: 

• 110 for emergencies that require the police (national Emergency Number) 
• 112 for medical and fire emergencies (European Emergency Number) 

In the case of health issues that require medical attention but are not so urgent as to require a trip to the hospital but can’t wait until you can see your GP (general practitioner), you can also call 116 117 . 

Student insurance in Germany

Everyone living in Germany must have healthcare insurance, whether statutory or private. International students need health insurance as well, so you must already hold insurance when you enrol at the university at the start of the new semester.    

For that, you have several options:  

• Use health insurance from your home country. This situation applies to students from the EU (you need to request the European Health Insurance Card - EHIC from your country) and a few other countries with which Germany has such an agreement.  
• Take statutory health insurance from Germany, which will cost you around 110 EUR per month. 
• Choose health insurance from a private insurance provider in Germany  
• Request an Aon Student Insurance online . For international students, researchers, Erasmus students and educational staff - we have the right insurance for your situation.
• Opt for the health insurance offered by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) 

Support services available for international students

Your university is the most important place where you can find quality student support services during your university years, offering various services in mental health, academic support, language support, and others.  

Within your university, you should look for: 

• The International Office : this is the first point of contact for international students where you can find support for issues specific to international study. 
• Office of the University Registrar : which deals with general administrators tasks. 
• The Students Union : a student organisation which represents and protects students’ rights. Each university has its own Students Union which is part of FZS - Free Federation of Student Unions  

Other organisations which offer great support for international students in Germany are: 

• DAAD - German Academic Exchange Service : the largest support organisation for international students in Germany 
• German National Association for Student Affairs : This organisation provides services to support international students in Germany, including information about accommodation, health insurance, and social events.  
• Study-in-Germany : website with a lot of useful information for international students. 
• Uni-Assist : the platform that helps international students apply to German universities.  
• The Federal Foreign Office : where you can find official information regarding Visa application and legal requirements of living in Germany. 
• Studentenwerke : a network of student service organisations, which provides a wide range of services to support students in their academic and personal lives. There are 58 Studentenwerke throughout the country. 

Student organisations

There are quite a few student organisations in Germany, fit for many different tastes and interests. We’ll go through some of the best-known ones: 

• AIESEC is a global youth-led organisation that provides leadership development and cross-cultural exchange opportunities for young people. It is present in over 120 countries, with several chapters in Germany. 
• The Erasmus Student Network (ESN) Germany is a student organisation that helps international students integrate into German university life. It offers social and cultural events, language courses, and other support services. 
• Campus for Change is a student-led organisation that focuses on sustainability and climate action. It supports student initiatives and projects, and advocates for sustainable policies on campus and beyond. 
• Enactus Germany works with students to develop and implement sustainable business projects that address social and environmental challenges. 
• The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for engineers, scientists, and other professionals in the technology field. IEEE Germany provides networking opportunities, conferences, and other resources for students interested in the field. 

Things to do for students on a budget

Germany has plenty of things to do for students on a budget like visiting museums and galleries because many of them offer free admission, particularly on certain days of the week or during specific hours. There are also a lot of events like concerts and sports events which have discounted admission for students with a valid student ID card.

In Germany, you also have the opportunity to spend time in nature because there are many parks, forests, and other natural landscapes worth exploring. You can go for a hike, have a picnic, or simply relax in nature without spending any money.

Moreover, some of the best free things to do in Germany for students are street festivals, concerts, and markets organised in cities across the country. These are a great way to experience the local culture.

Top urban attractions for students

• Oktoberfest : Held annually in Munchen, Oktoberfest is the world's largest beer festival and draws millions of visitors from around the world. The festival runs for 16 days, usually from mid to late September until the first weekend in October, and features traditional Bavarian food, music, and of course, plenty of beer.
• Karneval/Fasching : Also known as the "fifth season," Karneval/Fasching is a pre-Lenten festival celebrated in many regions of Germany. The festivities usually include parades, costumes, music, and dancing, and take place in February or March.
• Christmas Markets : This is one of the best things to do in Germany in winter. Found in many cities and towns across Germany, these markets offer traditional crafts, foods, and gifts, as well as plenty of glühwein (mulled wine) and other holiday treats.
• Berlin International Film Festival : Also known as the Berlinale, this film festival is one of the most prestigious in the world and takes place annually in Berlin in February. The festival showcases films from around the globe, and attracts filmmakers, industry professionals, and movie fans from around the world.
• Berlin Wall : The Berlin Wall was a symbol of the Cold War, and its remains serve as a powerful reminder of the country's divided past. Visitors can see portions of the wall still standing, as well as the Checkpoint Charlie Museum, which chronicles the wall's history.

Top 5 Outdoor Attractions:

• The Romantic Road : The Romantic Road is a picturesque route that winds through some of Germany's most beautiful towns and villages, including Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Augsburg. The route is perfect for a road trip and offers plenty of scenic beauty and historic landmarks.
• The Black Forest : Located in southwestern Germany, the Black Forest is a dense, evergreen forest known for its natural beauty, cuckoo clocks, and traditional Black Forest cake. Visitors can hike, bike, and explore the many towns and villages in the area.
• Rhein in Flammen : Rhein in Flammen, or "Rhine in Flames," is a series of summer festivals held along the Rhine River. The festivals feature elaborate fireworks displays, music, and other entertainment, and take place in various towns and cities along the river.
• Neuschwanstein Castle : This castle, located in the Bavarian Alps, is the inspiration for the famous Disney castle and is one of Germany's most popular tourist destinations.
• Brandenburg Gate : One of Berlin's most recognizable landmarks, the Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century triumphal arch and a symbol of unity and peace.

Travelling in Germany

In Germany, you can travel by train, bus, trams, and ferries. As a student, you might receive a free travel card from your university , but even if you don’t, princes are quite affordable. 

The Deutsche Bahn (DB) is the national railway company and operates both regional and long-distance trains. If you are under 27, you can receive student travel discounts and find tickets starting from 12.90 EUR.

Other useful resources are:

• BVG Berlin which operates the public transportation system in Berlin.
• MVG Munich which operates the public transportation system in Munich.
• RMV Frankfurt which operates the public transportation system in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main region.
• VRR Ruhr which operates the public transportation system in the Ruhr area.

Moreover, while studying a German university, you can take advantage of different programmes such as:

• Erasmus+ a European Union program that provides funding for students to study, work, or volunteer in another EU country.
• The German Youth Hostel Association which offers affordable accommodation. 
• Youth Interrail Pass , you can buy a discounted interrail pass to travel by train either in Germany, in Europe, or across the world. 

Learning German

Many language schools in Germany offer courses for anybody interested in learning. Some popular language schools include  

• Goethe-Institut is a global organisation that promotes the German language and culture through language courses, cultural events, and examinations. 
• Berlitz , a language education company that offers a range of language courses, including German, through various formats such as in-person classes, online courses, and self-study materials. 
• DeutschAkademie , a language school which offers German courses for various levels of proficiency, both in-person and online, with a focus on small class sizes and personalised teaching. 

Many universities in Germany also offer German language courses for international students. Some universities even have preparatory courses for those students who want to study with them but do not meet the language requirements yet. 

A third option is online courses. These allow you to learn German from anywhere in the world. Some popular online language-learning platforms include  

• Duolingo is a very popular language-learning app that offers gamified lessons for free. You can learn a variety of languages, including German, and can access it both on mobile devices and web browsers. 
• Babbel is another language-learning app that offers interactive lessons and exercises for a subscription fee. It provides personalised feedback and tracks progress, and covers a range of languages, including German. 
• Rosetta Stone is a language-learning software which offers personalised lessons and feedback, and you can learn German for a subscription fee. 

Living as an expat in Germany

Germany is a welcoming and multicultural society; expats can find many opportunities to connect with others and explore the country's rich culture. However, if you managed through your studies without learning German, now it’s time you start language classes. If you want to be successful in the job market, speaking the country’s official language is very important in Germany.  

Finding expat apartments is usually not difficult, and if you pick something outside the city centre or choose to share the apartment, you can get by with an affordable rent.  

At the same time, remember that health insurance is mandatory for all residents, including expats. Similarly to when you were a student, you can choose between public or private health insurance, depending on your needs and preferences. Public health insurance is generally more affordable, while private health insurance offers more personalised care and additional benefits such as dental and vision coverage. 

Expat communities in Germany

According to Deutschland.de , a service of The Federal Foreign Office, the best cities for expats in Germany are Aachen , Düsseldorf , Hamburg , and Frankfurt am Main . These results are based on a survey taken by 20,000 expats and revealed 8 German cities in total, which were among the 82 most popular with the ex-pat community.  

At the same time, you can look at the quality of life in general in Germany and discover that apart from the four cities mentioned above, Berlin , München , Nürenberg , and Stuttgart are some of the best places to live in Germany for expats. 

In terms of what nationalities are predominant in Germany, based on the Federal Statistical Office of Germany , at the end of 2021, the largest migrant population was Turkish, followed by Polish, Romanian, and Syrian people. 

If you want to connect with fellow nationals in Germany, you can start by joining DEGIS , the biggest international student network in Germany. Here you can participate in events, meet other students, and volunteer with them to gain useful experience.

Germany Immigration rules

How your immigration status changes after graduation.

Once you graduate, if you are from outside the EU, the main thing that changes is that you will no longer have a study Visa so you’ll need to find a different type of visa to stay in the country. Depending on your situation, you have several different Visa options.

Keep in mind that the German immigration process can be complex, and there are fees associated with it. The current immigrant visa application processing fee is €75. Additionally, applicants may need to provide extra documentation and attend an in-person interview.

Types of Visa

The type of Visa you need after graduation depends on what you want to do regarding work and employment. The main categories for you are:

• Job seeker visa . This visa allows recent graduates to stay in Germany for up to six months while they search for employment. If a job is found, the individual can then apply for a work visa.
• Language course visa . This visa allows individuals to stay in Germany for up to one year while they study the German language. This can be a great way to improve language skills and increase employability in Germany.
• Visa for the self-employed.  This type is for  those who are active in liberal professions  like Art, Science, or Education and work as self-employed, as well as for those who wish to  start their own business  in Germany.
•  Work visa. This type covers several possible situations:
• Blue Card ;
• work with a contract ;
• work with a qualification that is partially recognised ;
• work as an IT-specialist with work experience ;
• job seeker (academic) ;
• job seeker (vocational training)

Immigration processing times

Processing times for German visas can range from a few weeks to several months. For example, a job seeker visa may take approximately 4-6 weeks to process, while a family reunion visa can take several months.

Job opportunities in Germany

Germany has some of the lowest unemployment rates in the European Union while having the largest economy in the EU. This means there is a constant need for skilled workers and educated people to fulfil the labour force demands in the country.  

Apart from having a lot of work opportunities, the work-life balance in Germany is excellent , and the average gross monthly salary is 4,105 EUR .  

If you decide to stay and look for graduate jobs, here are some starting points:  

• Expatica : great job opportunities in Germany for international students who speak English 
• EURES portal (European Employment Services, part of the European Commission): for people from the EU, EEA, or Switzerland.  
• The Federal Employment Agency : the largest provider of labour market services in Germany, and includes ZAV (International Placement Service) , a department specially dedicated to job opportunities in Germany for foreigners 
• English jobs : jobs that require English speaking 
• Jobooh : jobs in startups 
• Academics : academic and research jobs 
• Staufenbiel : jobs in Germany for graduates and students  
• Stepstone : includes internships and jobs for graduates 
• Monster  
• Kununu  
• MeineStellenboersen  
• JobStairs  
• The Local  
• Kimeta  

If you want to know more about working in Germany, you should also check  

• Expatica , with its comprehensive guide on how to find a job in Germany 
• EXpatrio , which gives a lot of useful information about the German work environment 

Continue your studies in Germany

If you are an international student who will graduate from a German university and would like to continue your studies in Germany, there are several options available to you: 

• Pursue a Master’s degree : you can apply for a tuition-free Master's degree if you already have a Bachelor's earned in Germany, as long as you continue in the same field of study at a public university. Head over here to see over 1800 Masters in Germany . 
• Apply for a PhD : if you are interested in pursuing a research-based degree and already have a Master’s degree, you can apply for a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programme in Germany. You can opt for an individual doctorate (self-directed research under one professor) or a structured PhD where you have team supervision and courses, and it’s usually advertised with grants. Here’s a list of PhDs in Germany .   
• Apply for a postgraduate diploma or certificate : postgraduate certificates and diplomas in Germany can be obtained from universities, technical colleges, and private institutions. They are typically non-degree programs that focus on practical, job-oriented training and often include a combination of coursework and hands-on experience. 
• Apply for a professional qualification : professions such as law, medicine, or teaching require additional qualifications beyond a degree. You can apply for these professional qualifications through professional organisations or regulatory institutions. 

Frequently asked questions

1. do international students need a visa to study in germany .

Non-EU/EEA students need a visa to study in Germany. The type of visa you need depends on your country of origin and the length of your stay. 

2. Is studying in Germany worth it? 

Studying in Germany can be worth it for many students because of the high-quality education, international reputation of German universities, and opportunities for research and career development. However, it ultimately depends on your individual goals and circumstances. 

3. What is the cost of studying in Germany? 

Studying in Germany can be free at public universities, except for the Brandenburg state. However, other expenses are to consider, such as accommodation, health insurance, and living costs. Overall, you can study in Germany for less than 12,000 per year if you opt for a tuition-free university. 

4. How much money is required to study in Germany? 

The amount of money required to study in Germany varies depending on factors such as the location of your university, your lifestyle, and the type of program you are studying. You can live in Germany with less than 1000 EUR per month if you budget well. According to Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz (official student loans and scholarships regulator in Germany), the exact estimate is a minimum of €934 per month or €11,208 per year. If you’re a student of a non-EU country, you’ll have to show proof that you have the possibility to cover these finances when you apply for a Visa.  

5. Can I study in Germany without IELTS? 

Yes, it is possible to study in Germany without IELTS. Some universities may accept other language proficiency tests or allow students to take language courses at the university before beginning their degree program. 

6. What are the requirements to study in Germany? 

The requirements to study in Germany vary depending on the level of education and the program you are applying for. Generally, you will need to have completed secondary education and have proof of language proficiency (either German or English depending on the language of instruction for your course), as well as meet any additional requirements set by your chosen university. 

7. What exams are required to study in Germany? 

The main requirement is to pass the final school examination in your home country, which must be the equivalent of the German Abitur or the A-levels or the Baccalaureate. Apart from that, you will have to take a language exam and, depending on your programme, you might also have to sit additional tests. For example, for Med School, you will likely have to pass the "Test für Medizinische Studiengänge" (TMS), a subject-specific university entry examination.  

8. How to get permanent residency while studying in Germany? 

International students in Germany can apply for permanent residency two years after completing their studies if they meet certain requirements, such as being employed as a skilled worker and having sufficient financial resources. 

Interesting programmes for you

Find phds degrees in germany, what subject to study in germany.

• Agriculture & Forestry 5 Masters
• Applied Sciences & Professions 2 Masters
• Arts, Design & Architecture 2 Masters
• Business & Management 38 Masters
• Computer Science & IT 18 Masters
• Education & Training 4 Masters
• Engineering & Technology 33 Masters
• Environmental Studies & Earth Sciences 20 Masters
• Hospitality, Leisure & Sports 3 Masters
• Humanities 23 Masters
• Journalism & Media 3 Masters
• Law 8 Masters
• Medicine & Health 65 Masters
• Natural Sciences & Mathematics 151 Masters
• Social Sciences 68 Masters

PhD Degrees in Germany

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) 346 programmes
• Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.) 4 programmes
• Doctorate (Doctorate) 11 programmes

Recent international policies promote international university cooperation and student exchange between countries worldwide. High-quality study and PhD degrees are made more available to students in order to create a global educational network, achievable through student and staff mobility. Career and research oriented programmes support international student development.

University cooperation enables students study worldwide, for instance in Australia, Asia, Europe and the United States and provides ways of recognizing previous degrees. Different study options offer appropriate alternatives to students, depending on their preferred mode of study.

Many study programmes in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America are English-taught. The most popular international student destinations include the following countries: Australia, Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and more. However, these are not the only countries offering English-taught education. The rest of the world is full of endless study choices, from highly ranked to smaller, more specialized, universities.

PhD (postgraduate) Degrees

If you want further education beyond the undergraduate level or if you want more personal development or a career in academia, you could obtain a PhD degree. PhD degrees are postgraduate programmes that usually follow a Master's, MPhil or MRes, but there might be additional requirements depending on the university. Students are required to do their own research in a chosen topic. With the help of a supervisor, you develop knowledge and analytical skills in a specific or multidisciplinary field and you carry out independent research. The duration of a PhD degree differs per country and institution. Sometimes your own research is accompanied by work for the department such as giving seminars or small group teaching.

PhD students are required to study on campus under close supervision, but there are universities that accept students enrolled into a part-time distance education PhD degree. Studying on campus can also be full-time as well as part-time, in which case the part-time variant is normally twice as long as the full-time study.

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26 PhD jobs in Germany

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• PhD positions in Jena (3)
• PhD positions in Cologne (3)
• PhD positions in Frankfurt (Oder) (3)
• PhD positions in Saarbrücken (2)
• PhD positions in Munich (2)
• PhD positions in Konstanz (2)
• PhD positions in Heidelberg (1)
• PhD positions in Karlsruhe (1)
• PhD positions in Berlin (1)
• PhD positions in Aachen (1)

Other countries

• PhD positions in Belgium (189)
• PhD positions in Netherlands (79)
• PhD positions in Sweden (52)
• PhD positions in Switzerland (39)
• PhD positions in Norway (28)
• PhD positions in Luxembourg (27)
• PhD positions in France (19)
• PhD positions in Austria (14)
• PhD positions in Finland (12)
• PhD positions in Spain (4)

Search results (26)

PhD Positions in Cancer Research

Are you looking for excellent research opportunities for your PhD studies at the forefront of cancer research? The German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg invites international students holding a Master’s degree in (molecular) biology, ...

Upcoming PhD Positions at the International Max Planck Research School for Molecules of Life in Autumn 2024

More information for the new call-out will come up during Autumn 2024. Stay tuned!The International Max Planck Research School for Molecules of Life (IMPRS-ML) will have an open call for fully-funded PhD student positions in the areas of biochemis...

PhD Students

The CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security is looking for PhD Students in areas related to:Cybersecurity, Privacy and CryptographyMachine Learning and Data ScienceEfficient Algorithms and Foundations of Theoretical Computer ScienceSoftwar...

Three 2-year Postdoctoral Fellowships at the Zukunftskolleg

(Fulltime, E 13 TV-L)Reference No: 2024/114. The preferred start date is April 1st, 2025. Conditionally on the submission of an external grant, the position can be extended for an additional year. In principle, the position can be divided into two...

Upcoming PhD positions at the IMPRS for Molecular Organ Biology in Autumn 2024

Thanks to all the academics who submitted their application!The application deadline has passed and the selection process started. More information for the new call-out will come up during this Autumn 2024. Stay tuned!PhD Studies in the Heart of E...

Several PhD positions in solid state physics (f/m/x) CRC 1238 (experiment and theory) Wiss2405-30 | CRC 1238 | Control and dynamics of quantum materials | Theoretical Physics and Institute of Physics II

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Several PhD positions in solid state physics (f/m/x) CRC 1238 (experiment and theory) CRC 1238 | Control and dynamics of quantum materials We are one of ...

Project Manager/PHD Position in Production Management

We specialize in facilitating the digital evolution of businesses towards Industry 4.0 and fostering data-driven circular economies. Our expertise lies in crafting IT ecosystems that streamline and enhance sustainability across all facets of opera...

Upcoming PhD positions at the CGA

Call for applications for up to 12 PhD positions at the Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research opens soon!The Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA) in Germany is a joint venture of the University of Cologne Excellence Cluster on Str...

Postdoc & PhD positions at the Collaborative Research Centre “Plant Proteoform Diversity”

Collaborative Research Centre CRC 1664 PLANT PROTEOFORM DIVERSITYGERMANY    Halle (Saale) • Gatersleben • Leipzig Postdoc & PhD positions availablePlant Science • Protein Science • Computer ScienceThe Collaborative Research Centre “Plant Proteofor...

Research Assistant (f/m/d)

12 doctoral positions (part-time 60 %, e 13 tv-l ).

Reference No. 2024/119. The starting date is October 1st, 2024. The positions are available until September 30th, 2028 (48 months).The University of Konstanz is one of eleven Universities of Excellence in Germany. Since 2007 it has been successful...

Upcoming fully funded PhD Positions in Neurosciences and Translational Psychiatry research, including a residency/PhD track option for medical doctors

There are no tuition fees for this PhD program.We welcome applications through our online application portal starting on August 15, 2024 for a start in fall 2025. The application deadline will be on October 31, 2024. The International Max Planck R...

Doctoral Researcher (m/f/div) in Microbiome Systems Biology

Job AdvertisementLeibniz-HKI-29/2024The Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) investigates the pathobiology of human-pathogenic fungi and identifies targets for the development of novel natural product-...

Doctoral Researcher (m/f/div) in Automated Processing of Bioimages

Job AdvertisementLeibniz-HKI-16/2024The Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) investigates the pathobiology of human-pathogenic fungi and identifies targets for the development of novel natural product-...

Doctoral Researcher (m/f/div) in Computational Biology

Job AdvertisementLeibniz-HKI-15/2024The Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) investigates the pathobiology of human-pathogenic fungi and identifies targets for the development of novel natural product-...

PhD position (m/f/d) for the investigation of structural, optical, and thermal properties of SiGeSn alloys and their heterostructures

Job-ID: 0052/24 | Department: Materials Research | Salary: as per tariff (TV-L) | Working Time: 40h/week with part-time option | Limitation: initially 2 years with option of extension | Starting Date: as soon as possibleIHP is an institute of the ...

PhD Position (m/f/d) in the field of ADC converters

Job-ID: 5066/23 | Department: D-CD | Salary: as per tariff (TV-L) | Working Time: 40h/week (part-time work option) | Limitation: initially 2 years with option of extension for three more years | Starting Date: as soon as possibleIHP is an institut...

14 doctoral researchers (f/m/d) for the DFG-funded Research Training Group 2721: “Hydrogen Isotopes 1,2,3H”

The DFG-funded Research Training Group (RTG) 2721 is a consortium at Leipzig University, the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf / Research Site Leipzig (HZDR/RSL) and the Leibniz Institute for Surface Engineering (IOM). It spans the fields of an...

PhD position (m/f/d) for the electrical properties of graphene for the realization of advanced opto-electronic devices

Job-ID: 0041/24 | Department: Material Research | Salary: as per tariff (TV-L) | Working Time: 40h/week (part-time work option) | Limitation: initially 2 years with option of extension for three more years | Starting Date: as soon as possibleIHP i...

PhD position (f/m/x) in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Institute for Plant Sciences | CEPLASWe are one of the largest and oldest universities in Europe and one of the most important employers in our region. Our broad range of subjects, the dynamic development of our main research areas and our central...

Research Associate (Doctoral Student) (m/f/x) in Entrepreneurship and Family Enterprise

(100%, TV-L E13)TUM School of Management at TUM Campus Heilbronn invites applications for a Research Associate (m/f/x) at the level of TV-L E13 (public sector pay scale) at the newly founded Global Center for Family Enterprise (Prof. Dr. Miriam Bi...

PhD Position / Research Assistent (f/m/d) Development and characterization of a reaction device for NMR measurements under harsh process conditions

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) – The Research University in the Helmholtz Association creates and imparts knowledge for the society and the environment. It is our goal to make significant contributions to mastering the global challenges o...

PhD student for the research of microbiological risks in food from aquaculture (f/m/d)

The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) is the national institute which prepares expert reports and opinions on questions of food, feed and chemical safety and consumer health protection in Germany on the basis of internationally re...

Research associate / PhD candidate (f/m/d)

Doctoral Research Position (m/f/x)

Saarland University is a campus university that is internationally recognized for its strong research programmes. Fostering young academic talent and creating ideal conditions for teaching and research are a core part of the university’s mission. ...

Bioinformatician (m/f/d)/Data Scientist (m/f/d)

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PhD Position - New UHV Technologies for the Einstein Telescope for Gravitational Waves Detection

working on the design of the vacuum system as well as investigation in material development for vacuum applications. Main topics of the PhD will be: Development of general layout of vacuum system

3 Doctoral Researcher ( PhD Student) (all genders welcome)

3 Doctoral Researcher ( PhD Student) (all genders welcome) Stellen-ID: 2855 Facility: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Contact person: Herr Axel Munk [email protected] 0551

PhD student / scientific co-worker (m/f/d)

The Leibniz-Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) in Leipzig invites applications for the following position: PhD student / scientific co-worker (m/f/d) / for 3 years limited Project description

PhD Position - Resource-integrated Energy Scenarios

Your Job: The energy transition needs new and, in particular, critical materials for energy technologies. This is why possible restrictions on the availability of materials must be considered from the beginning. Hence, materials in energy scenarios should be modeled integrally. Therefore, as...

PhD Position – Innovative Pathways for Grid Resilience: Flexibility and Volatility Analysis in Electrical Distribution Grids

Your Job: In order to address the challenges associated with climate change, it is necessary to understand and design future distribution networks as we transition to sustainable energy sources. Moreover, the flexibility of decentralized energy sources, coupled with the increasing emphasis on...

PhD positions in physics-enhanced machine learning (m/f/d)

across the world. Description We are looking for two motivated persons to hire as a doctoral researchers at TUM. Remuneration is 100% TVL E13 ( PhD position), according to the German public sector rates

PhD researcher (f/m/d) specializing in policy instrument design for Climate Change mitigation in agriculture

for farmers to re-wet agricultural areas and foster the adoption of new farming practices. We are currently looking for a PhD researcher to join our team, focusing on completing a dissertation within the

Two PhD positions in general linguistics (f/m/d)

The Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics (ZAS) invites applications for TWO PhD research positions in general linguistics. The positions require an M.A. degree (or equivalent) and can be awarded

PhD Student Position in Algorithms

17.06.2024, Wissenschaftliches Personal The Chair of Algorithms and Complexity, Department of Computer Science, School of Computation, Information and Technology, has an opening for a PhD student

PhD Position - Replacing lost material flows within the energy transition

Your Job: The energy transition not only generates new demand for materials, but also phase out material flows such as gypsum production in coal-fired power plants. These lost material flows must be suitably replaced. To ensure that this replacement is compatible with the energy transition,...

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Fully-Funded PhD Opportunities at Renowned European Universities

Fully Funded PhD Opportunities at Renowned European Universities in diverse fields forall nationalities!

Exciting Prospects Across Diverse Academic Disciplines for Applicants of All Nationalities

We are thrilled to announce a range of fully funded PhD positions available at prestigious universities throughout Europe. These exceptional opportunities span an array of cutting-edge fields, including:

• Biochemistry
• Agricultural Sciences
• Electronic Engineering
• Sports Science
• Mathematics
• Molecular and Cellular Biology

Elevate your academic journey and contribute to groundbreaking research at top-tier institutions such as:

• University of Bordeaux
• University of Galway
• Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering POLYMAT Fundazioa
• Universität Heidelberg
• Grenoble INP - Institute of Engineering
• Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen
• Swansea University
• Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics
• Université de Namur
• University for Continuing Education Krems
• University of Cologne

This is your chance to be part of shaping the future of science and technology. Apply now for these fully funded PhD opportunities, open to applicants of all nationalities.

Explore diverse opportunities and take your academic and research career to new heights. Apply now for Doctoral (PhD) positions at these prestigious institutions.

PhD Student in Integration of morphological constraints in tomographic image reconstruction through deep learning: Application in Biology, University of Bordeaux (France)

PhD Student in Soil Molecular Microbial Ecology, University of Galway (Ireland)

PhD Student in Chemistry, Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering POLYMAT Fundazioa (Spain)

PhD Student in Machine Learning in Particle Physics, Universität Heidelberg (Germany)

PhD Student in electrochemistry - LEPMI, Grenoble INP - Institute of Engineering (France)

PhD Student in Creep of zirconium based nuclear fuel claddings, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen (Switzerland)

PhD Student in Sports Science, Swansea University (United Kingdom) 

PhD student in Mathematics, Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (Germany)

PhD student within the Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials at the Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur (Belgium)

PhD Student in Biochemistry, University for Continuing Education Krems (Austria)

PhD Student in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cologne (Germany)

Don't miss this opportunity to engage in groundbreaking research and advance your academic career in Europe.

#PhD #ResearchOpportunities #UniversityofBordeaux #UniversityofGalway #BasqueCenterforMacromolecularDesignandEngineeringPOLYMATFundazioa #UniversitätHeidelberg #GrenobleINP-InstituteofEngineering #PaulScherrerInstitutVilligen #SwanseaUniversity #WeierstrassInstituteforAppliedAnalysisandStochastics  #Postdoc

#UniversitédeNamur #UniversityforContinuingEducationKrems #UniversityofCologne

• Wed. Jun 26th, 2024

Best Global Research Positions in Agriculture and Biosciences

Job Opportunities: Postdoc and PhD student positions announced in the recently funded CRC Project in Plant Proteoform Diversity in Germany

By Agristok

Job Opportunities: Postdoc and PhD student positions announced in the recently funded CRC Project in Plant Proteoform Diversity in Germany; SNP2Prot is Interdisciplinary Collaborative Research Centre at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg in Germany: SNP2Prot is currently recruiting postdoctoral and doctoral researchers for the first 45-months funding period starting in October 2024.

We offer an excellent scientific environment for interested scientists of different research fields: Plant Science, Protein Science and Computer Scienceat contributing institutions in Germany:

• Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)
• Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle (Saale)
• Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben
• Leipzig University, Leipzig

Each of the 17 projects of SNP2Prot is designed to combine expertise of two principal investigators (PIs) of complementary disciplines. This promising concept ensures that all candidates (PhD students and postdocs) benefit significantly from the interdisciplinary environment including scientific training in structural protein biochemistry, plant biology as well as computational science and bioinformatics and training of transferable skills. Furthermore, the unique and comprehensive mentoring is ideal to develop and actively realize individual career planning. Take the opportunity and become part of the SNP2Prot team.

 The major objective of SNP2Prot is to understand the translation of genome-encoded sequence variation to structural, mechanistic and functional proteoform diversity. Parallel sequencing of natural accessions in plant populations discovered a wealth of DNA sequence variation, which mainly include a particularly prominent type of sequence variant, known as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Despite the extensive recognition of gene-trait relationships, our understanding of the effects of allelic variation on the function of a given specific proteoform, which is ultimately responsible for the translation of the genetic variation to the observed phenotypic variation, is still in its infancy.

The major objective of SNP2Prot is to understand the translation of genome-encoded sequence variation to structural, mechanistic and functional proteoform diversity. In this CRC initiative, the close interdisciplinary collaboration between (molecular) plant research and protein research is prerequisite to elucidate and ultimately predict how a substantial part of naturally occurring genetic variation mechanistically translates into the manifestation of phenotypic traits. See all open positions here: https://wp.me/pbv48T-8Wx

See More Opportunities Like this here .

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Eight new alumni for the EDHEC PhD in Finance programme

In the past twelve months, eight PhD in Finance candidates, all executive track participants, successfully defended their PhD theses. As we look ahead, with more than 20 candidates currently working on their PhD dissertations, we’re excited about these recent achievements and our commitment to making a positive impact on the innovation and careers of our alumni in the financial industry.

In the past twelve months, eight PhD candidates coming from Germany, India, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the USA, all executive track participants, successfully defended their PhD theses. The diverse research topics of these new EDHEC PhD alumni can be found below and abstracts are available here .  

Essays on Asset Management and Crypto Asset Pricing by Ainsley To

Adviser: Laurent Calvet; External Examiner: Wei Xiong (University of Princeton)

Essays in Climate Finance by Rahul Bhattarcharjee 

Adviser: Gianfranco Gianfrate; External Examiner: Marco Grotteria (London Business School)

Understanding on Technological Origin of the Value Premium Dynamics by Andy Tang

Adviser: Laurent Calvet; External Examiner: Sebastien Betermier (McGill University) 

Disentangling the Low Risk Effect - The Role of Volatility and Correlation in the Low-Risk Anomaly by Lukas Elmiger 

Adviser: Nikolaos Tessaromatis; External Examiner: Harrison Hong (Columbia University)  

Essays on the Transmission of Unemployment and Monetary-Policy Shocks in the EU by Aravind Srinivasan

Adviser: Raman Uppal; External Examiner: Eric Swanson (University of California, Irvine) 

Forecasting long-term US equity returns with a steady-state Bayesian VAR by Edoardo Cilla 

Adviser: Mirco Rubin; External Examiner: Francis X. Diebold (University of Pennsylvania)

Essays on machine learning and the cross-section of stock returns by Maximilian Sauer 

Adviser: Raman Uppal; External Examiner: Paolo Zaffaroni (Imperial College London) 

Analyzing The Dynamics of Financial Communication Language: Measuring Financial Constraints using Embeddings and Measuring Sentiment of Non-GAAP Disclosures by Joseph Poulous 

Adviser: Arnt Verriest (KU Leuven); External Examiner: Edith Leung (Erasmus University of Rotterdam) 

At EDHEC, the dissertation work starts in the first year of the programme with the drafting of a proposal to be submitted at the beginning of the second year and intensifies as course requirements wane. PhD candidates are required to communicate the progress of their dissertation research to faculty and peers at two formal presentations scheduled in the second and third years of the programme. The dissertation should be completed and defended at the end of the third year of the programme. During all phases of the dissertation process, candidates work closely with their advisor.

Dissertation topics are selected for their academic and industry relevance and according to each candidate’s research interests and professional goals. The dissertation should make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge and practices in the field and should be of sufficient originality and quality for publication in leading peer-reviewed journals.

As we look ahead, with more than 25 candidates currently working on their PhD dissertations, we’re excited about these recent achievements and our commitment to making a positive impact on the innovation and careers of our alumni in the financial industry

More information on the programme curriculum is available here . 

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PhD and Early Career Conference | Popular Culture and Democracy: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Way Forward

Call for Papers | PhD and Early Career Conference

“Popular Culture and Democracy: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Way Forward” University of Freiburg, Germany | October 24-26, 2024

Deadline for Submission: July 31, 2024

In 2024, nearly half of the world’s population heads to the polls. State elections in the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and numerous other countries will have wide-reaching global consequences. In many places, these elections take place within a landscape in which democracy is threatened, raising questions about the perception and meaning of democratic values against divided voices and worldviews. Russ Castronovo and Dana D. Nelson call for a return to democracy as a political term [i], stressing the importance of analyzing what democracy means and how institutions relate to it. Popular culture facilitates interactions with and representations of democracy through its broad accessibility and mainstream appeal. It therefore offers a plethora of venues to explore how individuals, audiences, industries, and institutions engage with democracy through such diverse objects and mediums as social media platforms, movies, video games, or podcasts. Thus, against the backdrop of the current democratic and anti-democratic developments in the English-speaking world, these interactions present both opportunities and challenges which offer grounds for important academic exploration.

Products and mediums of popular culture influence and are shaped by the discussions surrounding democracy. Popular culture enables a “democracy of enjoyment”, as John Storey explains [ii]. It not only appeals to the masses but is also characterized by immediacy which allows strong connections with audiences. In addition, it facilitates widespread distribution and participation in democratic discourses. Popular culture both struggles with institutions and individuals pushing for certain ideals while also encompassing subversive and “political potential” [iii]. Whether it be fictional and non-fictional politicians featured in television shows, pop songs perpetuating political ideologies, activists  using online  spaces to critique democratic injustices, or sports stars taking a political stance – popular culture both impacts and is influenced by how its consumers think about and interreact with democracy and democratic practices. These intersections of popular culture and democracy can have lasting negative consequences as well as resounding positive effects. As popular culture engages the civic imagination and fosters a continuous exchange of ideas, representations, and power, it extends its influence on diverse critical areas such as climate change activism, labor rights, the ‘culture war’, and identity politics.

The conference “Popular Culture and Democracy”, organized by PhD candidates in British and North American literary and cultural studies at the University of Freiburg, Germany, warmly welcomes interdisciplinary approaches and contributions on topics targeting the connection of popular culture and democracy in the English-speaking world. Papers can include topics on specific popular culture products and mediums, or a particular approach to the topic from postcolonial studies, gender studies, queer studies, political theory and other perspectives.

We invite proposals for individual papers, on topics that can include, but are not limited to:

• The intersection of populism and popular culture
• Popular culture, conspiracy theories, and anti-democratic sentiments
• Heroes / villains in popular culture and their relationship with democratic structures
• Post- & De-colonial approaches and representations of BIPOC rights in popular culture
• Representations of Indigeneity and Indigenous sovereignty in popular culture
• Images of (in)justice, political activism, and resistance in popular culture
• (Anti-)democratic ideologies in, for example, popular music or video games
• Representations of legal frameworks within the popular culture landscape
• Social media platforms and democracy
• Utopian / dystopian projections of democracy’s future in popular culture
• Popular culture’s representation of natural disasters or pandemics, and their underlying political agenda
• Genre-specific representations of democracy, e.g. in horror, comedy, or science fiction

Please send proposals of no more than 300 words and a 50-word biography to [email protected] by July 31, 2024 . Speakers will be notified in the first half of August. For up-to-date information, please check the conference website .

The conference will be held in person. We offer a travel bursary and accommodation to all confirmed speakers. Early career researchers associated with international universities are especially encouraged to submit a proposal.

Organizational team: Kübra Aksay, Sophie-Constanze Bantle, Ece Ergin, Klara Machata, Kelly Schmidt, Kristina Seefeldt (English Department, University of Freiburg)

i Castronovo, Russ, and Dana D. Nelson. “Introduction: Materializing Democracy and Other Political Fantasies.” Materializing Democracy: Toward a Revitalized Cultural Politics , Duke University Press, 2002, p. 3. ii Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction . 8th ed., Routledge, 2018, p. 273. iii Fiske, John. Reading the Popular . Routledge, 2006, p. x.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in English

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Enhance Your Knowledge of Literary Theory, Research, and Writing with Liberty’s Ph.D. in English

Are you looking to deepen your understanding of literature, textual analysis, and the English language? Liberty University’s online Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in English is designed to help you do just that. This program gives you the chance to engage with complex texts, develop original research, and contribute to scholarly discussions in English studies.

Our online doctorate in English offers a comprehensive exploration of literature and major authors from a variety of time periods as well as the historical development of the English language. Throughout the program, you can hone your analytical skills and prepare to contribute innovative research to the existing body of academic knowledge, potentially influencing both scholarly and public discourse.

This program may be a great fit if you aspire to teach English, literature, or related subjects at the collegiate level. You can not only enrich your own understanding of important texts but also become equipped to guide the next generation of college students through studies in literary theory, writing, and more.

What Will You Learn in Liberty University’s Doctorate in English Online?

• American and British literature
• Christian literary tradition and major Christian authors
• Literary theory and advanced textual analysis
• Methods and materials of research
• Origin and evolution of English

In addition to taking core English classes, you’ll have the ability to customize your education through elective courses. That way, you can pursue specialized interests and topics that align with your academic and career goals. Your studies will culminate in the completion of a dissertation, where you will conduct research and work to contribute new knowledge to the field of English. The dissertation process gives you an opportunity to showcase your expertise and lay a strong foundation for your future academic or professional endeavors.

Potential Careers for Graduates of Our Ph.D. in English Online Program

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Benefits of Pursuing Your Doctorate in English Online with Liberty University

As a leader in distance education since 1985, we understand what it takes to create a flexible and affordable education for busy people. Since we have been investing in distance and online learning for decades, our experience has taught us how to streamline our degree options so you can focus on what really matters to you. While many schools offer online degrees, we believe Liberty stands out.

Here’s what sets us apart:

• We are recognized by multiple institutions for our academic quality, affordability, and accessibility . Our commitment to excellence also helped us rank in the top 10% of Niche.com’s best online schools in America . Earning your online degree from a nonprofit university with this kind of recognition can help set you apart from others in your field.
• The majority of tuition for undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs has not increased in 9 years. While many other online colleges have raised tuition, Liberty has been able to keep costs low as a nonprofit university.
• Liberty University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC).
• We want to provide you with the freedom to balance your studies with personal and professional commitments, which is why our Ph.D. in English is offered 100% online.

Military Tuition Discount

We want to help you find the doctoral degree you want — at a price you’ve earned. As a thank-you for your military service, Liberty University offers eligible current and former service members like you or your spouse multiple pathways to earn a doctoral degree for only $300/credit hour . Here’s how:

• If you’re earning or have earned a master’s degree through Liberty, you automatically qualify for the low price (when you begin within 2 years of your master’s completion).
• If you haven’t earned a graduate degree through Liberty, our Executive Certificate program allows you to pay only $300/credit hour for a postgraduate certificate that can stand alone or potentially count as the first 21 hours of a related doctoral degree. Then pay just $300/credit hour for your doctorate. Learn more!

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Ways To Your PhD

 You have the choice of two routes to your doctoral title in Germany. Check out the differences.

Individual Doctoral Studies

Most doctoral candidates choose the individual study model. In this model, you need to find a university professor who will supervise your dissertation. You may elect to write your dissertation alone or collaborate with other researchers – it really depends on your subject.

As a doctoral candidate you have three options as to where you carry out your research:  at a university, at a research organisation or in the industrial sector.  You can decide which option best fits your goals.

How long it takes to complete an individual PhD is down to your schedule, or the period of your research grant, but the length of this form of PhD usually ranges from 3 to 5 years.

Structured PhD Programmes

An alternative route to your doctorate is via the structured PhD programme, similar to those in English-speaking countries. This model offers regular and intense supervision by a team of advisors.  The programmes include a curriculum of courses, usually with an interdisciplinary focus. These programmes will advance your skills not only in academic and scientific methods such as presentation techniques but also foster soft skills. This systematic approach allows you to complete your doctoral studies within 3 – 4 years.  

Find out more about the two ways to do your PhD: www.research-in-germany.org > two ways to get a PhD

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Structured PhD programmes

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Structured doctoral programmes differ from traditional doctoral research. In Germany, structured doctoral programmes are  very similar to the PhD programmes in English-speaking countries , in which a team of supervisors look after a group of doctoral students.

Structured doctoral programmes often have a  strong international orientation  with English as the team language. Unlike the individual doctorate model that can be freely structured to suit the individual research project, here doctoral students and their research proposals have to fit in with an existing PhD programme.

The doctorate frequently entails a  clearly structured doctoral study   programme  with compulsory attendance at lectures or seminars and interim assessment (credit points). The programme frequently also covers  academic and scientific methods or soft skills , such as presentation techniques.

As a rule, PhD Students work steadily at realising their research project within the team and with intensive  support from a group of academic staff  (often referred to as the “thesis committee”).

The duration of your studies is generally   limited to three to five years, and there is usually a fixed curriculum within which you work toward your doctorate and write your thesis.