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Thesis and Dissertation Appendicies – What to Include

By DiscoverPhDs
August 12, 2020

What is an Appendix Dissertation explained

An appendix is a section at the end of a dissertation that contains supplementary information. An appendix may contain figures, tables, raw data, and other additional information that supports the arguments of your dissertation but do not belong in the main body.

It can be either a long appendix or split into several smaller appendices. Each appendix should have its own title and identification letters, and the numbering for any tables or figures in them should be reset at the beginning of each new appendix.

Purpose of an Appendix

When writing the main body of your dissertation, it is important to keep it short and concise in order to convey your arguments effectively.

Given the amount of research you would have done, you will probably have a lot of additional information that you would like to share with your audience.

This is where appendices come in. Any information that doesn’t support your main arguments or isn’t directly relevant to the topic of your dissertation should be placed in an appendix.

This will help you organise your paper, as only information that adds weight to your arguments will be included; it will also help improve your flow by minimising unnecessary interruptions.

Note, however, that your main body must be detailed enough that it can be understood without your appendices. If a reader has to flip between pages to make sense of what they are reading, they are unlikely to understand it.

For this reason, appendices should only be used for supporting background material and not for any content that doesn’t fit into your word count, such as the second half of your literature review .

What to Include in a Dissertation Appendix

A dissertation appendix can be used for the following supplementary information:

Research Results

There are various ways in which research results can be presented, such as in tables or diagrams.

Although all of your results will be useful to some extent, you won’t be able to include them all in the main body of your dissertation. Consequently, only those that are crucial to answering your research question should be included.

Your other less significant findings should be placed in your appendix, including raw data, proof of control measures, and other supplemental material.

Details of Questionnaires and Interviews

You can choose to include the details of any surveys and interviews you have conducted. This can include:

An interview transcript,
A copy of any survey questions,
Questionnaire results.

Although the results of your surveys, questionnaires or interviews should be presented and discussed in your main text, it is useful to include their full form in the appendix of a dissertation to give credibility to your study.

Tables, Figures and Illustrations

If your dissertation contains a large number of tables, figures and illustrative material, it may be helpful to insert the less important ones in your appendix. For example, if you have four related datasets, you could present all the data and trend lines (made identifiable by different colours) on a single chart with a further breakdown for each dataset in your appendix.

Letters and Correspondence

If you have letters or correspondence, either between yourself and other researchers or places where you sought permission to reuse copyrighted material, they should be included here. This will help ensure that your dissertation doesn’t become suspected of plagiarism.

List of Abbreviations

Most researchers will provide a list of abbreviations at the beginning of their dissertation, but if not, it would be wise to add them as an appendix.

This is because not all of your readers will have the same background as you and therefore may have difficulty understanding the abbreviations and technical terms you use.

Note: Some researchers refer to this as a ‘glossary’, especially if it is provided as an appendix section. For all intended purposes, this is the same as a list of abbreviations.

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How to Format a Dissertation Appendix

In regards to format, you can include one lengthy appendix or structure it into several smaller appendices.

Although the choice is yours, it is usually better to opt for several different appendices as it allows you to organise your supplementary information into different categories based on what they are.

The following guidelines should be observed when preparing your dissertation appendices section:

Each appendix should start on a new page and be given a unique title and identifying letter, such as “Appendix A – Raw Data”. This allows you to more easily refer to appendix headings in the text of your main body should you need to.
Each appendix should have its own page numbering system, comprising the appendix identification letter and the corresponding page number. The appendix identification letter should be reset for each appendix, but the page number should remain continuous. For example, if ‘Appendix A’ has three pages and ‘Appendix B’ two pages, the page numbers should be A-1, A-2, A-3, B-4, B-5.
The numbering of tables and figures should be reset at the beginning of each new appendix. For example, if ‘Appendix A’ contains two tables and ‘Appendix B’ one table, the table number within Appendix B should be ‘Table 1’ and not ‘Table 3’.
If you have multiple appendices instead of a single longer one, insert a ‘List of Appendices’ in the same way as your contents page.
Use the same formatting (font size, font type, spacing, margins, etc.) as the rest of your report.

Example of Appendices

Below is an example of what a thesis or dissertation appendix could look like.

Thesis and Dissertation Appendices Example

Referring to an Appendix In-Text

You must refer to each appendix in the main body of your dissertation at least once to justify its inclusion; otherwise, the question arises as to whether they are really needed.

You can refer to an appendix in one of three ways:

1. Refer to a specific figure or table within a sentence, for example: “As shown in Table 2 of Appendix A, there is little correlation between X and Y”.

2. Refer to a specific figure or table in parentheses, for example: “The results (refer to Table 2 of Appendix A) show that there is little correlation between X and Y”.

3. Refer to an entire appendix, for example: “The output data can be found in Appendix A”.

Appendices vs Appendixes

Both terms are correct, so it is up to you which one you prefer. However, it is worth noting that ‘appendices’ are used more frequently in the science and research community, so we recommend using the former in academic writing if you have no preferences.

Where Does an Appendix Go?

For a dissertation, your appendices should be inserted after your reference list.

Some people like to put their appendices in a standalone document to separate it from the rest of their report, but we only recommend this at the request of your dissertation supervisor, as this isn’t common practice.

Note : Your university may have its own requirements or formatting suggestions for writing your dissertation or thesis appendix. As such, make sure you check with your supervisor or department before you work on your appendices. This will especially be the case for any students working on a thesis.

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Subject Guides

Formatting Your Thesis or Dissertation with Microsoft Word

Introduction
Copyright Page
Dedication, Acknowledgements, & Preface
Headings and Subheadings
Citations and Bibliography
Page Numbers
Tables and Figures
Rotated (Landscape) Pages
Table of Contents
Lists of Tables and Figures
List of Abbreviations
Some Things to Watch For
PDF with Embedded Fonts

Appendix, Appendices, List of Appendices

If you only have one appendix in your thesis, adding that is pretty straightforward. It is mostly treated like another chapter, except "Chapter" is changed to "Appendix". When you have more than one appendix, it gets more complicated and you have to add a List of Appendices in the front matter part of the thesis. The video tutorial demonstrates how to add a single appendix, how to format multiple appendices, and how to add the List of Appendices to the front of the thesis.

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Thesis / dissertation formatting manual (2024).

Filing Fees and Student Status
Submission Process Overview
Electronic Thesis Submission
Paper Thesis Submission
Formatting Overview
Fonts/Typeface
Pagination, Margins, Spacing
Paper Thesis Formatting
Preliminary Pages Overview
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures (etc.)
Acknowledgements
Text and References Overview
Figures and Illustrations
Using Your Own Previously Published Materials
Using Copyrighted Materials by Another Author
Open Access and Embargoes
Copyright and Creative Commons
Ordering Print (Bound) Copies
Tutorials and Assistance
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Appendices within Manuscript

Appendices may be included as part of the manuscript. These typically appear after the Bibliography or References section.

List the Appendices in the Table of Contents
Do not restart page numbering for your Appendices. For example, if the last page of your Bibliography is 195, your first Appendix page number should be 196.

Appendices as Supplemental Files

Electronic or audiovisual data may be included as Supplemental Files in an ETD submission. Your committee should agree that the information contained in the supplemental files is of such a character that a medium other than text is necessary.

When uploading your manuscript to ProQuest, there is a place to upload Supplemental Files separate from the main PDF upload (see screen capture below).

Screen capture of Supplemental Files upload section in Proquest

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Next: IV. Using Previously Published Material >>
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Library Catalogue

Formatting your thesis: Appendices & supplemental material

Appendices provide supplementary information to the main thesis and should always appear after the references/bibliography. If you are unsure about whether content should be included in the thesis or in an appendix, consult with your supervisor. The thesis and appendices must be uploaded in a single file.

For more information about appendices, please see the Thesis Template Instructions .

Note: Signatures, personal phone numbers, or personal email addresses (ones that contains part of a person’s name) must be redacted from your thesis. This means that the text is fully removed, and cannot be copied & pasted out of the document.

If including copyrighted materials as appendices, see Copyright at SFU .

Examples of material included in appendices are as follows--also refer to Formatting Help .

interview questions
participant letters / forms
surveys / questionnaires (if not your own work, these require copyright permission)
supplemental tables / figures / graphs / image

Supplementary material or research data files associated with your thesis can also be uploaded to your library submission record. We recommend publishing such files to Summit (the SFU Research Repository) as they will be available alongside your thesis. This is preferred to hosting such files externally or on personal cloud storage.

Temporary instructions : Contact [email protected] if you wish to upload such files with your thesis submission -- please do not upload them to the Thesis Registration System at this time. Data Services will require basic descriptive information for each of your files and will also help you organize your research data appropriately pending publication.

If you are including supplementary material or research data files in your submission, you must include an appendix within your thesis document which contains an overall description of the supplementary material or research data files, authorship credits, and file name(s). This assists in “linking” your thesis document to any additional files, as well as providing further information and context about the file(s). The maximum file size for each file is 2GB. If you have a larger file size, please contact [email protected] .

Appendix examples:

video file example
data file example

Note : if your Ethics approval requires that supplementary material or research data files be destroyed after a certain period, then such files cannot be published to Summit (the SFU Research Repository). Please contact [email protected] to identify other possible solutions in this case.

Accepted supplementary material or research data file types:

aac, cif, csv, docx, dta, epub, exe, gdb, geojson, gif, iso, jp2, jpg, jpeg, json, kml, kmz, las, mp3, mp4, mpv, odt, pdf, png, pptx, py, qgs, qgz, r, rar, rmd, rtf, shp, tex, tif, tiff, txt, wav, xlsx, zip

It is recommended to use the best file formats to allow for data files to be openly accessible for the long term, so that they remain usable through software upgrades and changes in the computing environment. See the Research Data Management (RDM) website for more information about the handling and organization of data during your research.

Appendices appear in the order in which they are introduced in the text.

You may include one appendix or a number of appendices.

If you have more than one appendix, you would letter each accordingly (i.e., Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.). Write your appendix headings in the same manner as your chapter headings.

Transfer the text and re-format using the template styles as necessary, or
Convert the documents into images and insert them into your document, one image per page.

Graduate College Formatting Guide

Page Numbers (Microsoft Word)
Page Numbers (Google Docs)
Page Breaks and Section Breaks
Headings, Subheadings, and Table of Contents (Microsoft Word)
Headings, Subheadings, and Table of Contents (Google Docs)
Inserting Tables and Figures
Comments and Track Changes
References, Bibliography, Works Cited
Landscape Pages & Special Materials

Using Appendices

Some theses/dissertations need space for extra materials relevant to the work but not appropriate in the main body of text, such as IRB approvals. For these, appendices are useful.* Appendices should go after your references/works cited list, should be formatted as Heading 1, and as such should appear in your Table of Contents. Any Tables or Figures that appear in an appendix should also appear in its respective list. Finally, when referring to an appendix within the body of the work, please refer to them as "Appendix A," "Appendix B," etc.

*Note: the following example screenshots will have the "Show/hide formatting marks" option toggled on. To see how to enable/disable this feature, see Landscape Pages & Special Materials.

To add an appendix, first create a new page after your references list (to do so, see Page Breaks and Section Breaks). Type Appendix A at the top and set it to Heading 1.

Most students prefer to title their appendices, though this step is optional.

You can repeat this process as many times as necessary to include all of your extra materials.

Updating the Table of Contents for Appendices

If you've already inserted a Table of Contents in your document, appendices won't appear immediately in this table once they're added. To show your changes, right click anywhere inside of your Table of Contents and click Update Field

You might receive a pop-up asking if you want to update the entire table or just the page numbers. Select Update entire table.

Any added appendices should now appear in your Table of Contents.

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Next: Landscape Pages & Special Materials >>
Last Updated: Apr 19, 2024 2:45 PM
URL: https://guides.lib.uni.edu/grad-college-format

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Writing Tips

Dissertation Advice: How to Use the Appendix

3-minute read

5th June 2017

Unlike the human appendix, the appendices at the end of your dissertation are very valuable… OK, we know that research has shown that the human appendix is useful. But we needed a snappy opening line and we’ll be damned if we let scientific evidence get in our way!

Anyway, our point is that you can often get extra marks on an academic paper by using the appendices effectively. In this blog post, we explain how.

What to Put in the Appendix

An appendix is where extra information goes. What you include, and how many appendices you need, will depend on what you’re writing about. Common examples include:

Raw test data
Technical figures, graphs and tables
Maps, charts and illustrations
Letters and emails
Sample questionnaires and surveys
Interview transcripts

These are all things you might want to reference in your main essay without including them in full. For example, even if you quote an interview in the results and discussion section of an essay, you would not usually include the full transcript. Instead, you would write:

Participant 4 claimed to experience ‘dizziness and nausea’ (see Appendix B).

This points the reader to the appendix if they want to see where the quote came from.

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How to Format Appendices

The correct way to format appendices will depend on your university, so make sure to check your style guide . But in general, the following rules should be followed:

Place appendices at the end of your document after the reference list
Divide appendices by topic (e.g. separate sections for test results, illustrations and transcripts)
Start each appendix on a new page and label it with a letter or number, along with a title clarifying content (Appendix A: Instrument Diagrams, Appendix B: Test Results, etc.)
List appendices in the table of contents at the beginning of your document

Doing these things will make it easier for your reader to find information in the appendices.

Appendices and the Word Count

Appendices are not usually included in the word count for your paper. This means you can cut non-essential information from the main chapters and add it to an appendix without worrying about exceeding the word limit.

But be warned! This is not an excuse to cut vital information from your work. You must included all important data in your main essay. If you put essential information in the appendices, it could count against you when your work is marked.

Some universities include appendices in the word count, though, so there are better ways to ensure that your work doesn’t end up too wordy!

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Home » Appendices – Writing Guide, Types and Examples

Appendices – Writing Guide, Types and Examples

Table of Contents

Definition:

Appendices refer to supplementary materials or documents that are attached to the end of a Book, Report , Research Paper , Thesis or other written work. These materials can include charts, graphs, tables, images, or other data that support the main content of the work.

Types of Appendices

Types of appendices that can be used depending on the content and purpose of the document. These types of Appendices are as follows:

Statistical Appendices

Statistical appendices are used to present raw data or statistical analysis that is relevant to the main text but would be too bulky to include in the main body of the document. These appendices may include tables, graphs, charts, or other types of visual aids that help to illustrate the data.

Technical Appendices

Technical appendices are used to provide detailed technical information that is relevant to the main text but would be too complex or lengthy to include in the main body of the document. These appendices may include equations, formulas, diagrams, or other technical details that are important for understanding the subject matter.

Bibliographical Appendices

Bibliographical appendices are used to provide additional references or sources that are relevant to the main text but were not cited in the main body of the document. These appendices may include lists of books, articles, or other resources that the author consulted in the course of their research.

Historical Appendices

Historical appendices are used to provide background information or historical context that is relevant to the main text but would be too lengthy or distracting to include in the main body of the document. These appendices may include timelines, maps, biographical sketches, or other historical details that help to contextualize the subject matter.

Supplemental Appendices

Supplemental appendices are used to provide additional material that is relevant to the main text but does not fit into any of the other categories. These appendices may include interviews, surveys, case studies, or other types of supplemental material that help to further illustrate the subject matter.

Applications of Appendices

Some applications of appendices are:

Providing detailed data and statistics: Appendices are often used to include detailed data and statistics that support the findings presented in the main body of the document. For example, in a research paper, an appendix might include raw data tables or graphs that were used to support the study’s conclusions.
Including technical details: Appendices can be used to include technical details that may be of interest to a specialized audience. For example, in a technical report, an appendix might include detailed calculations or equations that were used to develop the report’s recommendations.
Presenting supplementary information: Appendices can be used to present supplementary information that is related to the main content but doesn’t fit well within the main body of the document. For example, in a business proposal, an appendix might include a list of references or a glossary of terms.
Providing supporting documentation: Appendices can be used to provide supporting documentation that is required by the document’s audience. For example, in a legal document, an appendix might include copies of contracts or agreements that were referenced in the main body of the document.
Including multimedia materials : Appendices can be used to include multimedia materials that supplement the main content. For example, in a book, an appendix might include photographs, maps, or illustrations that help to clarify the text.

Importance of Appendices

Appendices are important components of research papers, reports, Thesis, and other academic papers. They are supplementary materials that provide additional information and data that support the main text. Here are some reasons why appendices are important:

Additional Information : Appendices provide additional information that is too detailed or too lengthy to include in the main text. This information includes raw data, graphs, tables, and charts that support the research findings.
Clarity and Conciseness : Appendices help to maintain the clarity and conciseness of the main text. By placing detailed information and data in appendices, writers can avoid cluttering the main text with lengthy descriptions and technical details.
Transparency : Appendices increase the transparency of research by providing readers with access to the data and information used in the research process. This transparency increases the credibility of the research and allows readers to verify the findings.
Accessibility : Appendices make it easier for readers to access the data and information that supports the research. This is particularly important in cases where readers want to replicate the research or use the data for their own research.
Compliance : Appendices can be used to comply with specific requirements of the research project or institution. For example, some institutions may require researchers to include certain types of data or information in the appendices.

Appendices Structure

Here is an outline of a typical structure for an appendix:

I. Introduction

A. Explanation of the purpose of the appendix
B. Brief overview of the contents

II. Main Body

A. Section headings or subheadings for different types of content
B. Detailed descriptions, tables, charts, graphs, or images that support the main content
C. Labels and captions for each item to help readers navigate and understand the content

III. Conclusion

A. Summary of the key points covered in the appendix
B. Suggestions for further reading or resources

IV. Appendices

A. List of all the appendices included in the document
B. Table of contents for the appendices

V. References

A. List of all the sources cited in the appendix
B. Proper citation format for each source

Example of Appendices

here’s an example of what appendices might look like for a survey:

Appendix A:

Survey Questionnaire

This section contains a copy of the survey questionnaire used for the study.

What is your age?
What is your gender?
What is your highest level of education?
How often do you use social media?
Which social media platforms do you use most frequently?
How much time do you typically spend on social media each day?
Do you feel that social media has had a positive or negative impact on your life?
Have you ever experienced cyberbullying or harassment on social media?
Have you ever been influenced by social media to make a purchase or try a new product?
In your opinion, what are the biggest advantages and disadvantages of social media?

Appendix B:

Participant Demographics

This section includes a table with demographic information about the survey participants, such as age, gender, and education level.

Age Gender Education Level

20 Female Bachelor’s Degree
32 Male Master’s Degree
45 Female High School Diploma
28 Non-binary Associate’s Degree

Appendix C:

Statistical Analysis

This section provides details about the statistical analysis performed on the survey data, including tables or graphs that illustrate the results of the analysis.

Table 1: Frequency of Social Media Platforms

Use Platform Frequency

Facebook 35%
Instagram 28%
Twitter 15%
Snapchat 12%

Figure 1: Impact of Social Media on Life Satisfaction

Appendix D:

Survey Results

This section presents the raw data collected from the survey, such as participant responses to each question.

Question 1: What is your age?

Question 2: What is your gender?

And so on for each question in the survey.

How to Write Appendices

Here are the steps to follow to write appendices:

Determine what information to include: Before you start writing your appendices, decide what information you want to include. This may include tables, figures, graphs, charts, photographs, or other types of data that support the main content of your paper.
Organize the material: Once you have decided what to include, organize the material in a logical manner that follows the sequence of the main content. Use clear headings and subheadings to make it easy for readers to navigate through the appendices.
Label the appendices: Label each appendix with a capital letter (e.g., “Appendix A,” “Appendix B,” etc.) and provide a brief descriptive title that summarizes the content.
F ormat the appendices: Follow the same formatting style as the rest of your paper or report. Use the same font, margins, and spacing to maintain consistency.
Provide detailed explanations: Make sure to provide detailed explanations of any data, charts, graphs, or other information included in the appendices so that readers can understand the significance of the material.
Cross-reference the appendices: In the main text, cross-reference the appendices where appropriate by referring to the appendix letter and title (e.g., “see Appendix A for more information”).
Review and revise: Review and revise the appendices just as you would any other part of your paper or report to ensure that the information is accurate, clear, and relevant.

When to Write Appendices

Appendices are typically included in a document when additional information needs to be provided that is not essential to the main text, but still useful for readers who want to delve deeper into a topic. Here are some common situations where you might want to include appendices:

Supporting data: If you have a lot of data that you want to include in your document, but it would make the main text too lengthy or confusing, you can include it in an appendix. This is especially useful for academic papers or reports.
Additional examples: I f you want to include additional examples or case studies to support your argument or research, but they are not essential to the main text, you can include them in an appendix.
Technical details: I f your document contains technical information that may be difficult for some readers to understand, you can include detailed explanations or diagrams in an appendix.
Background information : If you want to provide background information on a topic that is not directly related to the main text, but may be helpful for readers, you can include it in an appendix.

Purpose of Appendices

The purposes of appendices include:

Providing additional details: Appendices can be used to provide additional information that is too detailed or bulky to include in the main body of the document. For example, technical specifications, data tables, or lengthy survey results.
Supporting evidence: Appendices can be used to provide supporting evidence for the arguments or claims made in the main body of the document. This can include supplementary graphs, charts, or other visual aids that help to clarify or support the text.
Including legal documents: Appendices can be used to include legal documents that are referred to in the main body of the document, such as contracts, leases, or patent applications.
Providing additional context: Appendices can be used to provide additional context or background information that is relevant to the main body of the document. For example, historical or cultural information, or a glossary of technical terms.
Facilitating replication: In research papers, appendices are used to provide detailed information about the research methodology, raw data, or analysis procedures to facilitate replication of the study.

Advantages of Appendices

Some Advantages of Appendices are as follows:

Saving Space: Including lengthy or detailed information in the main text of a document can make it appear cluttered and overwhelming. By placing this information in an appendix, it can be included without taking up valuable space in the main text.
Convenience: Appendices can be used to provide supplementary information that is not essential to the main argument or discussion but may be of interest to some readers. By including this information in an appendix, readers can choose to read it or skip it, depending on their needs and interests.
Organization: Appendices can be used to organize and present complex information in a clear and logical manner. This can make it easier for readers to understand and follow the main argument or discussion of the document.
Compliance : In some cases, appendices may be required to comply with specific document formatting or regulatory requirements. For example, research papers may require appendices to provide detailed information on research methodology, data analysis, or technical procedures.

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Organizing and Formatting Your Thesis and Dissertation

Learn about overall organization of your thesis or dissertation. Then, find details for formatting your preliminaries, text, and supplementaries.

Overall Organization

A typical thesis consists of three main parts – preliminaries, text, and supplementaries. Each part is to be organized as explained below and in the order indicated below:

1. Preliminaries:

Title page (required)
Copyright page (required)
Abstract (required) only one abstract allowed
Acknowledgments (optional) located in the Preliminary Section only
Preface (optional)
Autobiography (optional)
Dedication (optional)
Table of Contents (required)
List of Tables (optional)
List of Figures (optional)
List of Plates (optional)
List of Symbols (optional)
List of Keywords (optional)
Other Preliminaries (optional) such as Definition of Terms

3. Supplementaries:

References or bibliography (optional)
Appendices (optional)
Glossary (optional)
List of Abbreviations (optional)

Preliminaries

These are the general requirements for all preliminary pages.

Preliminary pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals.
Page numbers are ½” from the bottom of the page and centered.
The copyright page is included in the manuscript immediately after the title page and is not assigned a page number nor counted.
The abstract page is numbered with the Roman numeral “ii”.
The remaining preliminary pages are arranged as listed under “Organizing and Formatting the Thesis/Dissertation” and numbered consecutively.
Headings for all preliminary pages must be centered in all capital letters 1” from the top of the page.
Do not bold the headings of the preliminary pages.

Preliminaries have no page number on the first two. Then it is numbered with roman numerals.

A sample Thesis title page pdf is available here , and a sample of a Dissertation title page pdf is available here.

Refer to the sample page as you read through the format requirements for the title page.

Do not use bold.
Center all text except the advisor and committee information.

The heading “ Thesis ” or “ Dissertation ” is in all capital letters, centered one inch from the top of the page.

Your title must be in all capital letters, double spaced and centered.
Your title on the title page must match the title on your GS30 – Thesis/Dissertation Submission Form

Submitted by block

Divide this section exactly as shown on the sample page. One blank line must separate each line of text.

Submitted by
School of Advanced Materials Discovery
School of Biomedical Engineering
Graduate Degree Program in Cell and Molecular Biology
Graduate Degree Program in Ecology

If your department name begins with “School of”, list as:

School of Education
School of Music, Theatre and Dance
School of Social Work

If you have questions about the correct name of your department or degree, consult your department. Areas of Study or specializations within a program are not listed on the Title Page.

Degree and Graduating Term block

In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the Degree of
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado (do not abbreviate Colorado)

Committee block

Master’s students will use the heading Master’s Committee:
Doctoral students will use the heading Doctoral Committee:
The Master’s Committee and Doctoral Committee headings begin at the left margin.
One blank line separates the committee heading and the advisor section.
One blank line separates the advisor and committee section.
Advisor and committee member names are indented approximately half an inch from the left margin.
Titles before or after the names of your advisor and your members are not permitted (Examples – Dr., Professor, Ph.D.).

Copyright Page

A sample copyright page pdf is available here.
A copyright page is required.
A copyright page is included in the manuscript immediately after the title page.
This page is not assigned a number nor counted.
Center text vertically and horizontally.
A sample abstract page pdf is available here – refer to the sample page as you read through the format requirements for the abstract.
Only one abstract is permitted.
The heading “ Abstract ” is in all capital letters, centered one inch from the top of the page.
Three blank lines (single-spaced) must be between the “ Abstract ” heading and your title.
Your title must be in all capital letters and centered.
The title must match the title on your Title Page and the GS30 – Thesis/Dissertation Submission Form
Three blank lines (single-spaced) must be between the title and your text.
The text of your abstract must be double-spaced.
The first page of the abstract is numbered with a small Roman numeral ii.

A sample Table of Contents page pdf is available.
The heading “ Table of Contents ” is in all capital letters centered one inch from the top of the page.
Three blank lines (single-spaced) follow the heading.
List all parts of the document (except the title page) and the page numbers on which each part begins.
The titles of all parts are worded exactly as they appear in the document.
Titles and headings and the page numbers on which they begin are separated by a row of dot leaders.
Major headings are aligned flush with the left margin.
Page numbers are aligned flush with the right margin.

The text of a thesis features an introduction and several chapters, sections and subsections. Text may also include parenthetical references, footnotes, or references to the bibliography or endnotes.

Any references to journal publications, authors, contributions, etc. on your chapter pages or major heading pages should be listed as a footnote .

Text and Supplementaries use Arabic numbering starting at 1

The entire document is 8.5” x 11” (letter) size.
Pages may be in landscape position for figures and tables that do not fit in “portrait” position.
Choose one type style (font) and font size and use it throughout the text of your thesis. Examples: Times New Roman and Arial.
Font sizes should be between 10 point and 12 point.
Font color must be black.
Hyperlinked text must be in blue. If you hyperlink more than one line of text, such as the entire table of contents, leave the text black.
Margins are one inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, and right).
Always continue the text to the bottom margin except at the end of a chapter.

Please see preliminary page requirements .
Body and references are numbered with Arabic numerals beginning with the first page of text (numbered 1).
Page numbers must be centered ½” from the bottom of the page.

Major Headings

A sample page pdf for major headings and subheadings is available here.
Use consistent style for major headings.
Three blank lines (single-spaced) need to be between the major heading and your text.
Each chapter is started on a new page.
The References or Bibliography heading is a major heading and the formatting needs to match chapter headings.

Subheadings

A sample page pdf for major headings and subheadings is available here .
Style for subheadings is optional but the style should be consistent throughout.
Subheadings within a chapter (or section) do not begin on a new page unless the preceding page is filled. Continue the text to the bottom of the page unless at the end of a chapter.
Subheadings at the bottom of a page require two lines of text following the heading and at least two lines of text on the next page.

Running Head

Do not insert a running head.

When dividing paragraphs, at least two lines of text should appear at the bottom of the page and at least two lines of text on the next page.

Hyphenation

The last word on a page may not be divided. No more than three lines in succession may end with hyphens. Divide words as indicated in a standard dictionary.

The text of the thesis is double-spaced.
Bibliography or list of reference entries and data within large tables may be single-spaced. Footnotes should be single spaced.
Footnotes and bibliography or list of reference entries are separated by double-spacing.
Quoted material of more than three lines is indented and single-spaced. Quoted material that is three lines or fewer may be single-spaced for emphasis.

Poems should be double-spaced with triple-spacing between stanzas. Stanzas may be centered if lines are short.

Consult a style manual approved by your department for samples of footnotes.
Footnotes are numbered consecutively throughout the entire thesis.
Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page on which the reference is made.
Footnotes are single-spaced.
Consult a style manual approved by your department for samples of endnotes.
Endnotes are numbered consecutively throughout the entire thesis.
Endnotes may be placed at the end of each chapter or following the last page of text.
The form for an endnote is the same as a footnote. Type the heading “endnote”.

Tables and Figures

Tables and figures should follow immediately after first mentioned in the text or on the next page.
If they are placed on the next page, continue the text to the bottom of the preceding page.
Do not wrap text around tables or figures. Text can go above and/or below.
If more clarity is provided by placing tables and figures at the end of chapters or at the end of the text, this format is also acceptable.
Tables and Figures are placed before references.
Any diagram, drawing, graph, chart, map, photograph, or other type of illustration is presented in the thesis as a figure.
All tables and figures must conform to margin requirements.
Images can be resized to fit within margins
Table captions go above tables.
Figure captions go below figures.
Captions must be single spaced.

Landscape Tables and Figures

Large tables or figures can be placed on the page landscape or broadside orientation.
Landscape tables and figures should face the right margin (unbound side).
The top margin must be the same as on a regular page.
Page numbers for landscape or broadside tables or figures are placed on the 11” side.

Supplementaries

These are the general requirements for all supplementary pages.

Supplementary pages are arranged as listed under “Organizing and Formatting the Thesis/Dissertation” and numbered consecutively.
Headings for all supplementary pages are major headings and the formatting style needs to match chapter headings.

Arabic numbers continue into the supplementaries.

References or Bibliography

The References or Bibliography heading is always a major heading and the formatting style needs to match chapter headings.
References or Bibliography are ordered after each chapter, or at the end of the text.
References or Bibliography must start on a new page from the chapter text.
References are aligned flush with the left margin.
The style for references should follow the format appropriate for the field of study.
The style used must be consistent throughout the thesis.
Appendices are optional and used for supplementary material.
The Appendices heading is a major heading and the formatting style needs to match chapter headings.
As an option the appendix may be introduced with a cover page bearing only the title centered vertically and horizontally on the page. The content of the appendix then begins on the second page with the standard one inch top margin.
Quality and format should be consistent with requirements for other parts of the thesis including margins.
Page numbers used in the appendix must continue from the main text.

A Foreign Language Thesis

Occasionally, theses are written in languages other than English. In such cases, an English translation of the title and abstract must be included in the document.

Submit one title page in the non-English language (no page number printed).
Submit one title page in English (no page number printed).
Submit one abstract in the non-English language (page number is ii).
Submit one abstract in English (page number is numbered consecutively from previous page – example: if the last page of the abstract in the foreign language is page ii the first page of the abstract in English is numbered page iii).

Multipart Thesis

In some departments, a student may do research on two or more generally related areas which would be difficult to combine into a single well-organized thesis. The solution is the multi-part thesis.

Each part is considered a separate unit, with its own chapters, bibliography or list of references, and appendix (optional); or it may have a combined bibliography or list of references and appendix.
A single abstract is required.
The pages of a multi-part thesis are numbered consecutively throughout the entire thesis, not through each part (therefore, the first page of Part II is not page 1).
The chapter numbering begins with Chapter 1 for each part, or the chapters may be numbered consecutively.
Pagination is consecutive throughout all parts, including numbered separation sheets between parts.
Each part may be preceded by a separation sheet listing the appropriate number and title.

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An appendix contains supplementary material that is not an essential part of the text itself but which may be helpful in providing a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. An appendix may also contain information that is too cumbersome to be included in the body of the paper. A separate appendix should be used for each distinct topic or set of data and always have a title descriptive of its contents [e.g., Appendix 1: Interview Protocol].

Tables, Appendices, Footnotes and Endnotes. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University.

Importance of...

Appendices are always supplementary to the research paper. As such, your study must be able to stand alone without the appendices, and the paper must contain all information including tables, diagrams, and results necessary to understand the research problem. The key point to remember when including an appendix or appendices is that the information is non-essential to understanding the research problem being investigated. In other words, if it were removed, the reader would still be able to comprehend the significance, validity , and implications of your research even if that additional data was missing.

It is appropriate to include appendices for the following reasons:

Including this material in the body of the paper that would render it poorly structured or interrupt the narrative flow;
Information is too lengthy and detailed to be easily summarized in the body of the paper;
Inclusion of helpful, supporting, or useful material would otherwise distract the reader from the main content of the paper;
Provides relevant information or data that is more easily understood or analyzed in a self-contained section of the paper;
Can be used when there are constraints placed on the length of your paper; and,
Provides a place to further demonstrate your understanding of the research problem by giving additional details about a new or innovative method, technical details, or design protocols.

Appendices. Academic Skills Office, University of New England; Chapter 12, "Use of Appendices." In Guide to Effective Grant Writing: How to Write a Successful NIH Grant . Otto O. Yang. (New York: Kluwer Academic, 2005), pp. 55-57; Tables, Appendices, Footnotes and Endnotes. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University.

Structure and Writing Style

I. General Points to Consider

When considering whether to include content in an appendix, keep in mind the following:

It is usually good practice to include your raw data in an appendix, laying it out in a clear format so the reader can re-check your results. Another option if you have a large amount of raw data is to consider placing it online [e.g., on a Google drive] and note that this is the appendix to your research paper.
Any tables and figures included in the appendix should be numbered as a separate sequence from the main paper . Remember that appendices contain non-essential information that, if removed, would not diminish a reader's ability to understand the research problem being investigated. This is why non-textual elements should not carry over the sequential numbering of non-textual elements in the body of your paper.
If you have more than three appendices, consider listing them on a separate page in the table of contents . This will help the reader know what information is included in the appendices. Note that some works list appendices in the table of contents before the first chapter while other styles list the appendices after the conclusion but before your references. Consult with your professor to confirm if there is a preferred approach.
The appendix can be a good place to put maps, photographs, diagrams, and other images , if you feel that it will help the reader to understand the content of your paper, while keeping in mind the study should be understood without them.
An appendix should be streamlined and not loaded with a lot information . If you have a very long and complex appendix, it is a good idea to break it down into separate appendices, allowing the reader to find relevant information quickly as the information is covered in the body of the paper.

II. Content

Never include an appendix that isn’t referred to in the text . All appendices should be summarized in your paper where it is relevant to the content. Appendices should also be arranged sequentially by the order they were first referenced in the text [i.e., Appendix 1 should not refer to text on page eight of your paper and Appendix 2 relate to text on page six].

There are few rules regarding what type of material can be included in an appendix, but here are some common examples:

Correspondence -- if your research included collaborations with others or outreach to others, then correspondence in the form of letters, memorandums, or copies of emails from those you interacted with could be included.
Interview Transcripts -- in qualitative research, interviewing respondents is often used to gather information. The full transcript from an interview is important so the reader can read the entire dialog between researcher and respondent. The interview protocol [list of questions] should also be included.
Non-textual elements -- as noted above, if there are a lot of non-textual items, such as, figures, tables, maps, charts, photographs, drawings, or graphs, think about highlighting examples in the text of the paper but include the remainder in an appendix.
Questionnaires or surveys -- this is a common form of data gathering. Always include the survey instrument or questionnaires in an appendix so the reader understands not only the questions asked but the sequence in which they were asked. Include all variations of the instruments as well if different items were sent to different groups [e.g., those given to teachers and those given to administrators] .
Raw statistical data – this can include any numerical data that is too lengthy to include in charts or tables in its entirety within the text. This is important because the entire source of data should be included even if you are referring to only certain parts of a chart or table in the text of your paper.
Research instruments -- if you used a camera, or a recorder, or some other device to gather information and it is important for the reader to understand how, when, and/or where that device was used.
Sample calculations – this can include quantitative research formulas or detailed descriptions of how calculations were used to determine relationships and significance.

NOTE: Appendices should not be a dumping ground for information. Do not include vague or irrelevant information in an appendix; this additional information will not help the reader’s overall understanding and interpretation of your research and may only distract the reader from understanding the significance of your overall study.

ANOTHER NOTE: Appendices are intended to provide supplementary information that you have gathered or created; it is not intended to replicate or provide a copy of the work of others. For example, if you need to contrast the techniques of analysis used by other authors with your own method of analysis, summarize that information, and cite to the original work. In this case, a citation to the original work is sufficient enough to lead the reader to where you got the information. You do not need to provide a copy of this in an appendix.

III. Format

Here are some general guideline on how to format appendices . If needed, consult the writing style guide [e.g., APA, MLS, Chicago] your professor wants you to use for more detail or choose the style you are most familiar with:

Appendices may precede or follow your list of references.
Each appendix begins on a new page.
The order they are presented is dictated by the order they are mentioned in the text of your research paper.
The heading should be "Appendix," followed by a letter or number [e.g., "Appendix A" or "Appendix 1"], centered and written in bold type.
If there is a table of contents, the appendices must be listed.
Depending on the type of information, the content can be presented in landscape format rather than regular portrait format.
The page number(s) of the appendix/appendices will continue on with the numbering from the last page of the text.

Appendices. The Structure, Format, Content, and Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. Department of Biology. Bates College; Appendices. Academic Skills Office, University of New England; Appendices. Writing Center, Walden University; Chapter 12, "Use of Appendices." In Guide to Effective Grant Writing: How to Write a Successful NIH Grant . Otto O. Yang. (New York: Kluwer Academic, 2005), pp. 55-57 ; Tables, Appendices, Footnotes and Endnotes. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Lunsford, Andrea A. and Robert Connors. The St. Martin's Handbook . New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989; What To Know About The Purpose And Format Of A Research Paper Appendix. LoyolaCollegeCulion.com.

Writing Tip

Consider Putting Your Appendices Online

Appendices are useful because they provide the reader with information that supports your study without breaking up the narrative or distracting from the main purpose of your paper. If you have a lot of raw data or information that is difficult to present in textual form, consider uploading it to an online site. This prevents your paper from having a large and unwieldy set of appendices and it supports a growing movement within academe to make data more freely available for re-analysis. If you do create an online portal to your data, note it prominently in your paper with the correct URL and access procedures if it is a secured site, or if needed, with clear directions on how to contact the author to obtain access.

Piwowar, Heather A., Roger S. Day, and Douglas B. Fridsma. “Sharing Detailed Research Data Is Associated with Increased Citation Rate.” PloS ONE (March 21, 2007); Wicherts, Jelte M., Marjan Bakker, and Dylan Molenaar. “Willingness to Share Research Data Is Related to the Strength of the Evidence and the Quality of Reporting of Statistical Results.” PLoS ONE (November 2, 2011).

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Research Paper Appendix | Example & Templates

Research Paper Appendix | Example & Templates

Published on 15 August 2022 by Kirsten Dingemanse and Tegan George. Revised on 25 October 2022.

An appendix is a supplementary document that facilitates your reader’s understanding of your research but is not essential to your core argument. Appendices are a useful tool for providing additional information or clarification in a research paper , dissertation , or thesis without making your final product too long.

Appendices help you provide more background information and nuance about your topic without disrupting your text with too many tables and figures or other distracting elements.

We’ve prepared some examples and templates for you, for inclusions such as research protocols, survey questions, and interview transcripts. All are worthy additions to an appendix. You can download these in the format of your choice below.

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What is an appendix in a research paper, what to include in an appendix, how to format an appendix, how to refer to an appendix, where to put your appendices, other components to consider, appendix checklist.

In the main body of your research paper, it’s important to provide clear and concise information that supports your argument and conclusions . However, after doing all that research, you’ll often find that you have a lot of other interesting information that you want to share with your reader.

While including it all in the body would make your paper too long and unwieldy, this is exactly what an appendix is for.

As a rule of thumb, any detailed information that is not immediately needed to make your point can go in an appendix. This helps to keep your main text focused but still allows you to include the information you want to include somewhere in your paper.

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An appendix can be used for different types of information, such as:

Supplementary results : Research findings are often presented in different ways, but they don’t all need to go in your paper. The results most relevant to your research question should always appear in the main text, while less significant results (such as detailed descriptions of your sample or supplemental analyses that do not help answer your main question), can be put in an appendix.
Statistical analyses : If you conducted statistical tests using software like Stata or R, you may also want to include the outputs of your analysis in an appendix.
Further information on surveys or interviews : Written materials or transcripts related to things such as surveys and interviews can also be placed in an appendix.

You can opt to have one long appendix, but separating components (like interview transcripts, supplementary results, or surveys) into different appendices makes the information simpler to navigate.

Here are a few tips to keep in mind:

Always start each appendix on a new page.
Assign it both a number (or letter) and a clear title, such as ‘Appendix A. Interview transcripts’. This makes it easier for your reader to find the appendix, as well as for you to refer back to it in your main text.
Number and title the individual elements within each appendix (e.g., ‘Transcripts’) to make it clear what you are referring to. Restart the numbering in each appendix at 1.

It is important that you refer to each of your appendices at least once in the main body of your paper. This can be done by mentioning the appendix and its number or letter, either in parentheses or within the main part of a sentence. It is also possible to refer to a particular component of an appendix.

Appendix B presents the correspondence exchanged with the fitness boutique. Example 2. Referring to an appendix component These results (see Appendix 2, Table 1) show that …

It is common to capitalise ‘Appendix’ when referring to a specific appendix, but it is not mandatory. The key is just to make sure that you are consistent throughout your entire paper, similarly to consistency in capitalising headings and titles in academic writing.

However, note that lowercase should always be used if you are referring to appendices in general. For instance, ‘The appendices to this paper include additional information about both the survey and the interviews.’

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The simplest option is to add your appendices after the main body of your text, after you finish citing your sources in the citation style of your choice . If this is what you choose to do, simply continue with the next page number. Another option is to put the appendices in a separate document that is delivered with your dissertation.

Remember that any appendices should be listed in your paper’s table of contents .

There are a few other supplementary components related to appendices that you may want to consider. These include:

List of abbreviations : If you use a lot of abbreviations or field-specific symbols in your dissertation, it can be helpful to create a list of abbreviations .
Glossary : If you utilise many specialised or technical terms, it can also be helpful to create a glossary .
Tables, figures and other graphics : You may find you have too many tables, figures, and other graphics (such as charts and illustrations) to include in the main body of your dissertation. If this is the case, consider adding a figure and table list .

Checklist: Appendix

All appendices contain information that is relevant, but not essential, to the main text.

Each appendix starts on a new page.

I have given each appendix a number and clear title.

I have assigned any specific sub-components (e.g., tables and figures) their own numbers and titles.

My appendices are easy to follow and clearly formatted.

I have referred to each appendix at least once in the main text.

Your appendices look great! Use the other checklists to further improve your thesis.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Dingemanse, K. & George, T. (2022, October 25). Research Paper Appendix | Example & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved 24 June 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/appendix/

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Appendix(es) (optional).

Refer to either the Sample (Straight Numbering) or Sample (Decimal Numbering) pages as you read through this section. Note: For the Appendices, you should use the same numbering style you chose for the Main Text.

The appendix is a section that is placed at the end of the thesis and may contain material such as tables, figures, maps, photographs, raw data, computer programs, musical examples, interview questions, sample questionnaires, CDs, and many other types of material.

An appendix is considered a chapter equivalent and the appendix title should be formatted like a chapter title.
Multiple appendices should be numbered A, B, C, and so on. Each appendix should be treated as a separate chapter equivalent and will therefore start on a new page.
Page numbers used in the appendix must continue from the main text.
As a best practice, include your IRB approval letter (if applicable) in an appendix.
Do not include a curriculum vitae or author's biography in your thesis; the Graduate College no longer accepts these sections.

As part of the thesis, any appendix materials must be reviewed and approved by the director of research and committee.

The thesis or dissertation itself should be understandable without the supplemental appendix materials.

As part of the ETD submission, students may upload supplemental electronic files as part of their thesis or dissertation. These files are considered appendix items, and an appendix page must be included as part of the thesis and should be numbered accordingly. This page should include an appendix title, such as “Appendix A: Interview Transcriptions,” and a brief description of the material along with the name of the file in which the material is contained.

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Creating Captions for Appendix Figures & Tables

Tables and Figures in the Appendix are captioned with the “Insert Caption…” tool, just like tables and figures in the body, but you'll use (or create) a new caption label for each of them. These “Appendix Figure/Table” items won’t populate the existing List of Figures, because you can’t combine two different caption labels in one list. So, after captioning your Appendix Figures and Tables with those new caption labels, you’ll insert another List directly after the current List, and set that second List to pull in corresponding captions.

** Note: this only works if you've set up Heading 7 to style each of your Appendix titles. See the Appendices section of this Guide for more info. **

Here's the process for adding an Appendix Figure caption (the steps are similar for creating an Appendix Table caption) :

Select the item you want to caption and click the "Insert Caption..." button in the References tab
In the window that appears, pop open the "Labels" menu, and select "Appendix Figure".

Click the "New Label" button, and enter "Appendix Figure". Then click OK
With the "Appendix Figure" label selected, click the "Numbering: Format..." button
Set "Chapter starts with style:" to Heading 7 (This is our Appendix number/letter)
Enter your caption and confirm whether you want it sit above or below the item

Adding Appendix Captions to the List of Figures/Captions

(note: the following instructions work for situations where your Appendices are at the end of your document. If you have an Appendix section at the end of each chapter, then take a look at our solution for "integrating supplemental figures and tables" in the List of Figures/Tables. The solution is similar for appendix figures and tables.

And don't be shy about setting up a consultation if you run into trouble, as appendices — especially with tables and figures — are often a troublespot.)

To add this to your List of Figures, we add a second list of (appendix) figures just below your existing list of figures:

Scroll to your existing List of Figures

Place your cursor directly below the last item in your List of Figures.
From the References tab (and next to the Insert Caption.. button), click the Insert Table of Figures button.
In the window that appears, select "Appendix Figure" from the "Caption label:" list.

This will add a second list of figures below your original one, but this one will be populated with Appendix Figures. Remember that you now have two fields to update as you make changes -- the list of figures and the list of appendix figures.

You might notice that there's a paragraph character between the two fields. If you delete that, the formatting of your Appendix Figures list will be thrown off. Instead, our recommendation is to carefully select JUST that one paragraph character, and set the font size for it to something very small, like 2 point. This will tuck the Appendix Figures up closer to the Figures.

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How to Write an Appendix: Step-by-Step Guide & Examples

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Frequently Asked Questions About Appendix Writing

1. how do you add an appendix to an essay.

The inclusion of appendix to an essay is the same as to any other paper. You need to provide references in your text of an essay itself, as well as submit attachments after a bibliography. Don't forget to specify name of an appendix for easy navigation.

2. Do I add references to the appendix?

Yes, this is not only recommended but must be done. In this case the appendix will allow your reader to check the reliability of sources you used. Moreover, if you took any information from third-party sources, this protect you from plagiarism charges.

4. How do you create an appendix in Word?

It is not difficult to prepare an appendix in Word, because this Office program contains all the necessary tools. To get started, choose the same font, font size and indentation that were used in the main text, so as not to visually break away from it. We also recommend that you apply title formatting with built-in Word tools. Place the appendix titles at the top in the center of a page. In this case it will be much easier to navigate the paper.

3. What is an appendix in a report example?

You can include a wide range of information into an appendix in a report. It is better to opt for descriptive formats, though. For example, it can be graphical or mathematical research results, statistics of a certain phenomenon, and questionnaires filled in by other people.

Joe Eckel is an expert on Dissertations writing. He makes sure that each student gets precious insights on composing A-grade academic writing.

Experienced researchers know what an appendix in a paper is. But aspiring authors often have problems with this section of the work. First of all, you should understand that appendices are an additional section of a dissertation or any other scientific paper that includes additional information. Main points are not placed in an appendix meanwhile at the end of your work it can expand on some context or clarify author’s position on a particular issue. Also, an appendix is often placed after the citation page of a work. It is indicated with the help of references in a main text.

Quite often, authors don’t understand the purpose of an appendix. This usually looks like a table and is not included in a main text. Remember that content of your dissertation should be concise and clear. It is also undesirable if you deviate from your theme so as not to confuse readers. Therefore, you can provide a reference, which will lead a reader to an appendix of a thesis. Typically, the purpose of an appendix is to extra information that is usually not included in the text's body. It expresses author's point of view, and provides additional information. It may not address the immediate topic of your dissertation or expand on current research. As a reminder, your work should be clear even without studying an appendix. So make sure you don't put important details there.

An appendix in a paper is a supplement to a main text, not a replacement. You can put different elements there. It is better if you separate appendices, highlighting one element in each of them. Don’t forget about separate references in your text. Otherwise it will be difficult for a reader to understand your information better. Thus, the following information can be added:

There are no restrictions on content added to your dissertation's appendices. Theoretically, you can attach absolutely any information that is relevant to your topic. Thus, possibilities for evidence base are almost unlimited. All you need to do is add tables or any other information.

If you already have experience working on dissertations and other scientific texts, you will not wonder how to make an appendix. However, it is still important that you get some advice on how to properly structure an appendices section. This will help add information that may be redundant in the main part of your paper. We offer 4 simple steps to create an informative and readable appendix block.

When creating an appendix, include extra data in their raw form. That is, you might not have used some details in your main paper. But you want a reader to know more information. For example, it can be calculations, some results of which are mentioned in your main text. Or maybe, you can add some statistics that clearly demonstrate your research paper conclusion . You can also include facts from other scientific sources that support your position. One thing is important — information should complement your text but not contradict it.

When you are writing an appendix, you can’t avoid visual additions that clearly demonstrate an information and save an author from lengthy descriptions in the text. Should you need to support your conclusions drawn in the scientific text, these can be used:

Don’t forget: you should quote and indicate the authorship of graphics used in your work. If you took it from any third-party sources, of course. Thus, a reader will be able to find additional data that explains the content of your text. It is good if you personally put results of your research in a graphic form. To do this, you can use Office programs, graphic editors and other programs available to PC users.

It is good if your appendix in the research paper has a section for indicating tools that were used during the preparation of your dissertation writing . This way, your reader will understand how you collected information and do it themselves. For example, it could be a dictaphone or tape recorder on which an interview with your expert was recorded. Or you might have used a video camera for recording facts and interviews. In such case, it is advisable to indicate these instruments in your appendix. Specialized equipment for measuring, calculating and making graphics should also be added at the beginning of the appendix. This way, you will demonstrate your skills and knowledge. Research units don’t require extra tools, so make sure they are listed. You can do it even in a short format.

When conducting interviews and surveys for collecting information, make an appendix with photocopies of handwritten materials or electronic copies of digital surveys. Their order is not important. The main thing is that your research text contains references. This will allow you to quickly study the sources. You should not only show that the source contains important data but also explain it. So, even additional content, including questions and answers, needs to be listed. But if you originally had a readable format, you don’t need to do this. In addition to interviews, also add screenshots or photos of correspondences used for surveys. For example, you can refer to a significant researcher with whom you exchanged letters. Or maybe you studied subject, together with this researcher, and they gave some comments on a particular issue. Do not know how to write a discussion section of a research paper ? Do not worry, we have the whole article dedicated to this topic.

Formatting of appendices is required in any case. First of all, provide correct citations. APA, MLA, and Chicago are the most commonly used standards. Although, you should clarify what formatting requirements your institution has. Correct formatting includes:

Also, review your appendix before approval. Make sure that its content is clear, error-free, and correctly quoted.

To do the job successfully, it is recommended to have an example of an appendix at hand. Without it, there are usually problems with a choice of font and mentions that appear in main text. We will show you what the appendix itself looks like at the end of the dissertation using a short interview as an example.

We have one more blog in case you wonder what is an abstract in a paper or need some examples and writing tips.

Thus, we talked about how to write an appendix. It allows you to include additional details, while avoiding writing them in the body of your text. To do this, one can use graphics, transcriptions of conversations, tables and statistics — anything that complements your research. Be sure to clarify formatting requirements of your university. Arrange appendices in an order in which they appear in your text. Try to use your own materials and not take other people's work. In case of unique findings, they can be used in your work.

diagrams with illustrative figures;
abbreviations ;
interviews;
statistics, and much more.
Appendix title. Write it at the top of the content page, indicate its title, using letters or numbers for ordering.
Sorted by mention. Don’t add appendices randomly, it is better to do it in chronological order. That is, as information from it is given in main text.
Location after bibliography. This is a general requirement that cannot always be met. For example, if your professor wants the appendices to be put before the bibliography, this will have to be done.
Page numbers. All dissertation pages should be numbered, even if they are blank. This will make the appendix block the part of main text.

What Is an Appendix: Definition

What is the purpose of an appendix, what can you include in an appendix, how to write an appendix: full guide, step 1. make an appendix: include your data, step 2. include visual supporting documents in an appendix , step 3. describe the instruments of your research in your appendices, step 4. include an interview and transcripts in an appendix, formatting an appendix: main rules, appendix example, how to make an appendix: final thoughts.

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Figure and Table Lists | Word Instructions, Template & Examples

Figure and Table Lists | Word Instructions, Template & Examples

Published on October 13, 2015 by Sarah Vinz . Revised on July 18, 2023 by Tegan George.

A list of figures and tables compiles all of the figures and tables that you used in your thesis or dissertation , along with their corresponding page numbers. These lists give your reader an overview of how you have used figures and tables in your document.

While these lists are often not required, you may want to include one as a way to stay organized if your dissertation topic leads you to use several figures and tables over the course of your paper. Your educational institution may require one, so be sure to check their guidelines. Ultimately, if you do choose to add one, it should go directly after your table of contents .

You can download our Microsoft Word template below to help you get started.

Download Word doc

Table of contents

How to create a list of figures and tables in Word

Example of a list of tables and figures, additional lists to consider, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about the list of tables and figures.

The first step to creating your list of figures and tables is to ensure that each of your figures and tables has a caption . This way, Microsoft Word will be able to find each one and compile them in your list automatically.

To do this, follow these steps:

Navigate to the References tab, and click “Insert Caption,” which you can find in the Captions group.
Give your caption a name. In the Label list, you can select the label that best describes your figure or table, or make your own by selecting “New Label.”

Add captions to list of tables and figures

Next, you can insert the list of tables and figures directly by clicking “Insert Table of Figures,” which can be found to the right of the “Insert Caption” button. Be careful here—the list will only include items that you have marked using the “Insert Caption” tool!

You can choose the formatting and layout within this menu as well, as you can see below.

There are a few things to remember as you go:

Figures and tables always need to be numbered, with clear titles.

In addition to your list of tables and figures, there are a few other lists to consider for your thesis or dissertation. They can be placed in the following order:

List of abbreviations

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Your list of tables and figures should go directly after your table of contents in your thesis or dissertation.

Lists of figures and tables are often not required, and aren’t particularly common. They specifically aren’t required for APA-Style, though you should be careful to follow their other guidelines for figures and tables .

If you have many figures and tables in your thesis or dissertation, include one may help you stay organized. Your educational institution may require them, so be sure to check their guidelines.

Copyright information can usually be found wherever the table or figure was published. For example, for a diagram in a journal article , look on the journal’s website or the database where you found the article. Images found on sites like Flickr are listed with clear copyright information.

If you find that permission is required to reproduce the material, be sure to contact the author or publisher and ask for it.

A list of figures and tables compiles all of the figures and tables that you used in your thesis or dissertation and displays them with the page number where they can be found.

APA doesn’t require you to include a list of tables or a list of figures . However, it is advisable to do so if your text is long enough to feature a table of contents and it includes a lot of tables and/or figures .

A list of tables and list of figures appear (in that order) after your table of contents, and are presented in a similar way.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Vinz, S. (2023, July 18). Figure and Table Lists | Word Instructions, Template & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/figure-and-table-lists-in-your-dissertation/

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Sarah's academic background includes a Master of Arts in English, a Master of International Affairs degree, and a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. She loves the challenge of finding the perfect formulation or wording and derives much satisfaction from helping students take their academic writing up a notch.

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Writing Tips

The Appendix (How to Use One in an Essay)

2-minute read

30th March 2017

The appendices in an essay are not typically essential, but they can play an important supporting role. Not everyone knows how to use an appendix in academic writing , though, so we’ve prepared this handy guide.

What Is an Appendix?

An appendix (plural: appendices ) is a section at the end of a book or essay containing details that aren’t essential to your work, but which could provide useful context or background material.

In the main body of your essay, you should indicate when you’re referring to an appendix by citing it in parentheses. For example:

The interviews show that most people like ice cream (see Appendix C).

What Should Go in the Appendices?

Appendices can include many things depending on your topic. Common examples of information added to an appendix include:

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Raw data from tests
Technical figures, graphs or tables
Maps, charts or images
Letters or emails used in research
Sample questionnaires or surveys
Full interview transcripts

What these have in common is that you might need to refer to them in an essay without going into too much detail. For example, you might summarise the results of a test in the ‘Results’ section of a dissertation, then include the full data in appendices to ensure clarity.

How to Format Appendices

Exactly how to format appendices can vary between universities, so you should always check your style guide. Generally, though, appendices should:

Appear at the end of your document, often after the reference list
Be divided into sections depending on topic (e.g. separate sections for questionnaire results and interview transcripts)
Have each appendix section start on a new page
Be labelled with a letter or number, along with a title clarifying content (Appendix A: Instrument Diagrams, Appendix B: Test Results, etc.)
Appear in the table of contents at the beginning of your document

How not to format appendices: as a large pile of unsorted paper on your desk. (Photo: Phil Whitehouse/flickr)

Are Appendices Included in the Word Count?

Appendices are not usually included in the word count for an essay. Consequently, you can focus on key information in your work and place extra data in an appendix without worrying about the word count.

However, you should always check your style guide on this. And remember that if you rely on something in your main essay, it needs to be included there: you can’t just shuffle it into the appendices to reduce the word count !

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making appendix for thesis

I need some help with creating an appendix for my thesis. I have about 10 figures which need to be in the appendix. I have a good appendix with the following code:

I have a main thesis.tex file where I call this appendix.tex file after the last chapter. Problems are:

The appendix starts without any notice that it is the appendix except for the chapter number being A , but I want to have either a separate page which says "Appendix" prior to the start of the appendix or on top of the first appendix page to explicitly say "Appendix".
Now I use the \chapter{} command to have the title of the appendix but I think I will have only one chapter in the appendix. Is there some command which can make the title insited of chapter?

2 Have you found any answer which you can accept? – Léo Léopold Hertz 준영 Commented Mar 1, 2017 at 8:25
3 6 years open and still no satisfying answer. Can you maybe clarify your question a bit more if you are still missing parts in the answers? – user113552 Commented Mar 29, 2018 at 7:36
5 @Geliormth Considering this is the sole post of the OP in the entire SE realm, I think we could just consider Gonzalo's answer as de facto accepted, based on the votes. – Neinstein Commented May 17, 2018 at 21:07

4 Answers 4

The appendix package could be used here; the toc and page package options and the appendices environment will do what you need:

33 How can I change the 'Chapter A: Title' for 'Annex A:...'? – F_Jofre_A Commented Aug 26, 2014 at 1:01
8 @F_Jofre_A: \renewcommand{\appendixname}{Annex} . If you use toc or page , you'll need to renew \appendixtocname or \appendixpagename as well. – AstroFloyd Commented Nov 10, 2017 at 17:05
4 @GonzaloMedina is there a way to delete the auto created page where it says "Appendices" in the middle of it? – 3kstc Commented May 10, 2018 at 5:50
6 @3kstc: That is what the page option in \usepackage[toc,page]{appendix} is doing. Remove it and the page is gone. – Namoshek Commented May 16, 2018 at 10:11
3 @Rodolfo better to ask a separate question for that than try and hope someone finds this. – JAD Commented Sep 10, 2018 at 7:02

A different solution that I use is below.

4 Welcome to TeX.sx! Instead of using line breaks in the document body, centering section titles should be done in the preamble, e.g., with the titlesec package. – lockstep Commented Jan 8, 2013 at 6:50
1 No need to use \newpage. – JohnTortugo Commented Mar 26, 2013 at 20:45
1 @JohnTortugo In my case I also need to add \clearpage or \newpage as bibliography and appendices do not start from a new page. – hrust Commented Dec 28, 2016 at 14:53
There is a need for a \newpage – Conjecture Commented Dec 22, 2023 at 23:49

5 Welcome to stackexchange. Please learn how to use markup to display code as code. You might also want to describe how your answer improves on the other two here, which have been upvoted often. Yours is likely to be downvoted. – Ethan Bolker Commented Mar 7, 2017 at 17:35
2 Thanks Ethan for guidance. I am not sure my answer is better than the previous answers, but they were not working for me. I was frustrated. However, the script which I pasted worked for me, eventually. So I thought to share. In future I will try to follow your advice. – Asif Kazmi Commented Mar 7, 2017 at 17:46
2 That's an improvement. Next time you should provide a complete compilable document, including \documentclass , In fact the OP who asked the question should have done that too. – Ethan Bolker Commented Mar 7, 2017 at 18:27
Please comment in what way your code answers the OP. – jjmerelo Commented Sep 6, 2021 at 7:15

If your are trying to do this and you don´t have the expected output...verify where is declarated the \backmatter . You have to typped after the last appendix section or exactly above of \end{document} statement.

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Proper way to format computer code included in a thesis/dissertation

I intend to include my computational model code(s) in its entirety as an appendix in my dissertation. I've gone through my university's formatting guidelines and haven't seen anything on the proper way to format the code in terms of size of font, text-wrapping, spacing, and so forth. What's the best way to do this?

When I read code, while I'd want it to be a typical font size (12 pt), I'd also want the text-wrapping to be minimal, but given the traditional margin requirements, it can be pretty tough to accomplish this. Having code trail off one line and onto the next is generally distracting.

Also, although comments in code are prevented from execution by using a character sequence like %or // or (* many compilers color-code this text to make it more easily distinguishable from executable portions of the code. Is there any way to easily make comments distinguishable when putting the code into the text of your thesis/dissertation?

3 Does your advisor or school have specific suggestions? If not, pseudo-code of the core algorithm is probably most appropriate for the audience (thesis examiners). You. may always upload real code to github and cite that as well as an example implementation. – user479 Commented Jul 8, 2014 at 2:52
1 a monospaced font...is best to use for readability — [citation needed]! – JeffE Commented Jul 8, 2014 at 7:45
4 Are you sure you need to "... include my computational model code(s) in its entirety as an appendix" . Consider that, it's not read by many it would be; a) a waste of your money for the extra pages, and b) wasteful of paper. Maybe you can isolate the interesting bits and pieces only? – posdef Commented Jul 8, 2014 at 10:07
7 @JeffE For fixed-form codes, monospaced font is a practical necessity. I admit I sometimes write Matlab code in sans serif, but that's because it is free-form. Anything indentation-sensitive or with large, hard-coded numerical arrays is much easier in monospaced font. And in dead-tree format, when it's hard to count the column numbers, a non-monospaced font could cause ambiguity in indentation-sensitive code. Reference: the practical experience of my forebears. – Moriarty Commented Jul 8, 2014 at 11:14
2 I understand that typesetting code in a monospaced font is a common convention. I'm disputing your claim that that convention increases readability. @Moriarty: Consistent, readable indentation and array alignment does not require a monospaced font. – JeffE Commented Jul 8, 2014 at 21:09

7 Answers 7

Monospaced with syntax coloring and an appropriate description, see e.g.

from Appendix B of arXiv:1407.2432 .

1 How is this typeset? By means of a LaTeX package like listing? – enthu Commented Feb 1, 2015 at 20:58
1 @EnthusiasticStudent You can lookup its source. I see knitrout environment, though I cannot spot a relevant package. So it seems that it is an export from knitr rather than hand-written LaTeX. – Piotr Migdal Commented Feb 2, 2015 at 9:46

There are a number of excellent LaTeX packages for typesetting code, made for just such occasions. The listings package is one good example, which includes standardized formatting for a number of languages.

It does not provide a "definitive" way to typeset code (there is no such, since there are a number of competing conventions) but its defaults provide a standard and well-recognized formatting that is entirely appropriate for academic publications. Furthermore, it can be customized to follow any unusual requirements of your institutions thesis format.

I would suggest a monospaced font, because that is the traditional method of displaying code. As a matter of putting all of your code into the appendix, I don't see why. Snippets of the relevant parts would be all you need. If you still feel the urge to include the full code, I would suggest referencing a link to the code through a Github repository instead of all of your code.

In addition, ask your advisor who the audience is. Do they have a background in programming? That would be the question to ask. If not, summarize the code, and walk the reader through the logical process of the code. Perhaps a flowchart would be useful.

If you aren't required to do it in a particular format, I'd recommend publishing the code online and using a nice LaTeX code formatting package for the parts you want to share in the print version. My personal favorite is minted . Very easy to use, beautiful formatting and coloring and no need to copy and paste anything, just use the \inputminted command.

I would argue that there are no real style guidelines, except maybe (the only one I've ever been given) not to drown your audience in lines of code, thus use excerpts and pseudo-code whenever possible.

However, to still put your code full-length on paper, you pretty much should have it readable on-screen already. You might have a little refactoring to do, if you expect people to actually read it.

Fixed font size are traditional in source code, which is due according to Joel Spolsky to it being easier to edit (say click on a specific letter) and to distinguish typos (e.g. rn/m vs rn / m ) than when using a variable spaced fonts
A fixed width so you never scroll horizontally while your code is on screen. This, with a correct font size, will take care of line wrapping when on paper.
Modular code, so people know where (in which file, for example) they are : similarly to opening the interesting file, you want readers to be able to skip the pages of configuration, I/O and whatnot, to find wherever the core of your code is.
Be consistent, as you already noted, in all conventions: naming, indentation, comments...
include syntax Highlighting (maybe even colouring ?)

Your main options (most popular on a subjective scale of googleability) to achieve the latter are

in LaTeX, use a listing (with a language that it understands , hopefully). You can even input code from a file directly \includecode[asm]{sched.s}
in LaTeX, use the minted package, an alternative whose code highlighting is done with Pygments
in MS Word, insert code in an embedded document as an "openDocument Text" object , copying your code from your usual IDE
in any WYSIWYG on Windows, use the NppExport plugin of Notepad++ to export your code, and then copy it into your document as RTF or HTML.
With any python interpreter, use Pygments , e.g. : pygmentize -f html main.c > main.c.html

The only guidelines I could find in the wild were on this random project report page , of rather small scale (4-6 pages), and they are rather succinct :

Format: Use [...] 11 point times font for the main text, and use 10 point courier font for computer code. [...] Yes, your code should be in the appendix, monospaced, single column. You do not have to turn in all code used in your experiment; use your best judgement. You may want to include only relevent sections of code. For example, you should not include code that someone else wrote, unless you made major modifications. If your code is 100 pages, you should not print all of it. If your code is 6 pages, then you should print all of it.

The standard is to use 10 point courier font for computer code, monospaced, single column .

You do not have to turn in all code used in your experiment; use your best judgement. You may want to include only relevant sections of code.

EDIT Usage of Courier is of my personal choice from the list of standard 10pt fonts usable for codes.

7 Do you have a source for this "standard"? – ff524 Commented Jul 15, 2014 at 14:22
1 @ff524 Yes, I primarily use LaTeX Source Code Listing which is like the standard way of writing a Computer Science thesis, especially if you presumably have more code in it. Arial/Courier are the 10pt standards used by Carnegie for publishing thesis through PQ/UMI, my preference is to use Courier. – Jerric Lyns John Commented Jul 15, 2014 at 17:29

the best way to display the salient code of the key points of your algorithm is to write good code.

“Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good programmers write code that humans can understand.” - Martin Fowler, Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code

the code itself should be readable with meaningful choice for variable names, sufficiently divided into meaningful functions or subroutines, and with a minimum of arguments passed around. this means writing decent object-oriented or structured code and making objects or structures and using them.

i would split the code up into modules with a good comment on the top of the file describing what the callable functions do and who calls them.

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On the Alignment, Robustness, and Generalizability of Multimodal Learning

Multimodal intelligence, where AI systems can process and integrate information from multiple modalities, such as text, visual, audio, etc., has emerged as a key concept in today’s data-driven era. This cross-modal approach finds diverse applications and transformative potential across industries. By fusing heterogeneous data streams, multimodal AI generates representations more akin to human-like intelligence than traditional unimodal techniques.

In this thesis, we aim to advance the field of multimodal intelligence by focusing on three crucial dimensions: multimodal alignment, robustness, and generalizability. By introducing new approaches and methods, we aim to improve the performance, robustness, and interpretability of multimodal models in practical applications. In this thesis, we address these critical questions: (1) How do we explore the inner semantic alignment between different types of data? How can the learned alignment help advance multimodal applications? (2) How robust are the multimodal models? How can we improve the models’ robustness in real-world applications? (3) How do we generalize the knowledge of one learned domain to another unlearned domain?

This thesis makes contributions to all three technical challenges. We start with a contribution of learning cross-modal semantic alignment, where we explore establishing rich connections between language and image/video data, with a focus on the multimodal summarization task. By aligning the semantic content of language with visual elements, the resulting models can possess a more nuanced understanding of the underlying concepts. We delve into the application of Optimal Transport-based approaches to learn cross-domain alignment, enabling models to provide interpretable explanations of their multimodal reasoning process.

For the next contribution, we develop comprehensive evaluation metrics and methodologies to assess the robustness of multimodal models. By simulating distribution shifts and measuring the model’s performance under different scenarios, we can gain a deeper understanding of the model’s adaptability and identify potential vulnerabilities. We also adopt Optimal Transport to improve the model’s robustness performance through data augmentation via Wasserstein Geodesic perturbation.

The third contribution revolves around the generalizability of multimodal systems, with an emphasis on the interactive domain and the healthcare domain. In the interactive domain, we develop new learning paradigms for learning executable robotic policy plans from visual observations by incorporating latent language encoding. We also use retrieval augmentation to make the vision-language models capable of recognizing and providing knowledgeable answers in real-world entity-centric VQA. In the healthcare domain, we bridge the gap by transferring the knowledge of LLMs to clinical ECG and EEG. In addition, we design retrieval systems that can automatically match the clinical healthcare signal to the most similar records in the database. This functionality can significantly aid in diagnosing diseases and reduce physicians’ workload.

In essence, this thesis seeks to propel the field of multimodal AI forward by enhancing alignment, robustness, and generalizability, thus paving the way for more sophisticated and efficient multimodal AI systems.

Degree Type

Dissertation
Computer Science

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Research Paper Appendix
Appendices are a useful tool for providing additional information or clarification in a research paper, dissertation, or thesis without making your final product too long. Appendices help you provide more background information and nuance about your thesis or dissertation topic without disrupting your text with too many tables and figures or ...
Thesis and Dissertation Appendices (What to Include)
Summary. An appendix is a section at the end of a dissertation that contains supplementary information. An appendix may contain figures, tables, raw data, and other additional information that supports the arguments of your dissertation but do not belong in the main body. It can be either a long appendix or split into several smaller appendices.
Appendices
If you only have one appendix in your thesis, adding that is pretty straightforward. It is mostly treated like another chapter, except "Chapter" is changed to "Appendix". When you have more than one appendix, it gets more complicated and you have to add a List of Appendices in the front matter part of the thesis. The video tutorial demonstrates ...
Appendices
Appendices may be included as part of the manuscript. These typically appear after the Bibliography or References section. List the Appendices in the Table of Contents; Do not restart page numbering for your Appendices. For example, if the last page of your Bibliography is 195, your first Appendix page number should be 196.
Formatting your thesis: Appendices & supplemental material
Introduction. Appendices provide supplementary information to the main thesis and should always appear after the references/bibliography. If you are unsure about whether content should be included in the thesis or in an appendix, consult with your supervisor. The thesis and appendices must be uploaded in a single file.
How to Create an APA Style Appendix
Appendix format example. The appendix label appears at the top of the page, bold and centered. On the next line, include a descriptive title, also bold and centered. The text is presented in general APA format: left-aligned, double-spaced, and with page numbers in the top right corner. Start a new page for each new appendix.
Research Guides: Microsoft Word for Dissertations: Appendices
This helps give you the two-inch margin Rackham requires for the first page of each Appendix. Apply Heading 7 to the titles of each of your appendices. If you don't see a two-inch margin at the top of each Appendix page, place your cursor just before the title and insert a Section Break (Next Page). For the List of Appendices, we insert a new ...
Appendices
Appendices should go after your references/works cited list, should be formatted as Heading 1, and as such should appear in your Table of Contents. Any Tables or Figures that appear in an appendix should also appear in its respective list. Finally, when referring to an appendix within the body of the work, please refer to them as "Appendix A ...
Dissertation Advice: How to Use the Appendix
Start each appendix on a new page and label it with a letter or number, along with a title clarifying content (Appendix A: Instrument Diagrams, Appendix B: Test Results, etc.) List appendices in the table of contents at the beginning of your document. Doing these things will make it easier for your reader to find information in the appendices.
Appendices
Label the appendices: Label each appendix with a capital letter (e.g., "Appendix A," "Appendix B," etc.) and provide a brief descriptive title that summarizes the content. F ormat the appendices: Follow the same formatting style as the rest of your paper or report. Use the same font, margins, and spacing to maintain consistency.
Organizing and Formatting Your Thesis and Dissertation
The heading " Thesis " or ... Appendices are optional and used for supplementary material. The Appendices heading is a major heading and the formatting style needs to match chapter headings. As an option the appendix may be introduced with a cover page bearing only the title centered vertically and horizontally on the page. The content of ...
Appendices
Appendices are always supplementary to the research paper. As such, your study must be able to stand alone without the appendices, and the paper must contain all information including tables, diagrams, and results necessary to understand the research problem. The key point to remember when including an appendix or appendices is that the ...
Research Paper Appendix
Appendices are a useful tool for providing additional information or clarification in a research paper, dissertation, or thesis without making your final product too long. Appendices help you provide more background information and nuance about your topic without disrupting your text with too many tables and figures or other distracting elements.
Appendix(es) (Optional)
The appendix is a section that is placed at the end of the thesis and may contain material such as tables, figures, maps, photographs, raw data, computer programs, musical examples, interview questions, sample questionnaires, CDs, and many other types of material. An appendix is considered a chapter equivalent and the appendix title should be ...
Appendix Figures & Tables
In the window that appears, select "Appendix Figure" from the "Caption label:" list. Click OK. This will add a second list of figures below your original one, but this one will be populated with Appendix Figures. Remember that you now have two fields to update as you make changes -- the list of figures and the list of appendix figures.
Tables, Images, & Appendices
Tables, Images, & Appendices. For some papers and reports, you may choose to add a table, graph, chart, or image within the body of the draft. Or you may choose to include an appendix at the end of your paper. These can help to provide a visual representation of data or other information that you wish to relay to your reader.
How to Write an Appendix for a Research Paper & Examples
Step 3. Describe the Instruments of Your Research in Your Appendices. It is good if your appendix in the research paper has a section for indicating tools that were used during the preparation of your dissertation writing. This way, your reader will understand how you collected information and do it themselves.
Figure and Table Lists
To do this, follow these steps: Navigate to the References tab, and click "Insert Caption," which you can find in the Captions group. Give your caption a name. In the Label list, you can select the label that best describes your figure or table, or make your own by selecting "New Label.". Next, you can insert the list of tables and ...
The Appendix (How and When to Use One in an Essay)
The appendices are sections for non-essential information in an essay or book. If you have used an image that isn't your own work in the appendices, you should cite it like you would an image anywhere else in your work (i.e. include a citation with the image and give full publication details in your reference list, in line with your style guide).
appendices
229. I need some help with creating an appendix for my thesis. I have about 10 figures which need to be in the appendix. I have a good appendix with the following code: \appendix. \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{APPENDICES} \chapter{XXXX} I have a main thesis.tex file where I call this appendix.tex file after the last chapter.
thesis
26. There is no need to reproduce your entire raw data in your thesis (or any other publication). Your publication should describe some abstract properties of your data, discuss your analysis, and present your results. As a rule, if a table spans more than two adjacent pages, it is too large.
Proper way to format computer code included in a thesis/dissertation
Format: Use [...] 11 point times font for the main text, and use 10 point courier font for computer code. [...] Yes, your code should be in the appendix, monospaced, single column. You do not have to turn in all code used in your experiment; use your best judgement. You may want to include only relevent sections of code.
On the Alignment, Robustness, and Generalizability of Multimodal Learning
This thesis makes contributions to all three technical challenges. We start with a contribution of learning cross-modal semantic alignment, where we explore establishing rich connections between language and image/video data, with a focus on the multimodal summarization task. By aligning the semantic content of language with visual elements ...
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Appendices – Writing Guide, Types and Examples

Types of Appendices

Statistical Appendices

Technical Appendices

Bibliographical Appendices

Historical Appendices

Supplemental Appendices

Applications of Appendices

Importance of Appendices

Appendices Structure

Example of Appendices

How to Write Appendices

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Purpose of Appendices

Advantages of Appendices

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

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