LIBERTY CORNER, N.J., USA and ST. ANDREWS, Scotland (Feb. 2, 2021) – The USGA and The R&A are re-engaging with the golf industry on the Distance Insights project, which aims to help achieve a more sustainable long-term future for golf. The governing bodies are issuing specific Areas of Interest to help mitigate continuing distance increases and three proposed changes to the Equipment Rules to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits. The delivery of research topics related to hitting distances and golf’s sustainability was delayed in 2020 to allow the golf industry to focus on the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The Areas of Interest notice, sent on Monday to golf equipment manufacturers, follows the conclusions of the Distance Insights Report delivered last February. It is the first step of the established Equipment Rulemaking Procedures, which give the opportunity for golf’s stakeholders to provide research and perspectives on topics that might lead to equipment Rules changes. In addition, three proposals related to Equipment Standards were also sent to the manufacturers yesterday and have been published – two to modernize equipment testing protocols and the other to consider the adoption of a Model Local Rule that would provide flexibility for committees, if they so choose, to limit the maximum length for clubs other than putters from 48 to 46 inches. Notice and comment periods have begun immediately to invite feedback on each of the three proposals from golf industry stakeholders. The Areas of Interest notice addresses two specific Areas of Interest: Stakeholders are invited to participate in the process by sharing any data or perspectives they might have on these topics by . The topics are purely areas for research. No solutions or decisions are being proposed at this stage. Any proposals for Rule changes that might result from this research will be communicated in accordance with the Equipment Rulemaking Procedures. Equipment Standards changes The USGA and The R&A are addressing the effectiveness of current equipment–testing processes, protocols and standards with respect to distance limits. As a result, the governing bodies are seeking comment from equipment manufacturers on three proposed Equipment Standards changes, as follows: Proposal #1: Club length – reduction to 46 inches available as a Model Local Rule (MLR) ( and paused in 2017 due to the Distance Insights Project). Comment period . Proposal #2: Update on testing method for golf balls. Comment period . Proposal #3: Change to testing tolerance – Characteristic Time. Comment period . Annual Driving Distance Report The USGA and The R&A also today released the 2020 Annual Driving Distance Report. The full report can be found here:
Mike Davis, Chief Executive Officer of the USGA, said, “The research conducted through Distance Insights clearly shows that hitting distances have consistently increased through time and, if left unchecked, could threaten the long-term future of our game at every level and every golf course on which it is played. This is the first forward step in a journey and a responsibility the USGA and The R&A share with the worldwide golf community, to ensure that golf continues to thrive for the next hundred years and beyond.” Martin Slumbers, Chief Executive of The R&A, said, “We are now able to progress with the work on this critical topic and are beginning the next phase as expeditiously as possible. The research topics and the proposed changes we have announced will be the focus of our attention in the coming months and we look forward to gaining insights from the golf industry and fully understanding their perspectives on these key areas. We remain fully committed to conducting this hugely important exercise for the sport thoroughly, efficiently and collaboratively.”
During the pause in distance-related research caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the USGA and The R&A completed their regular review of equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits. The proposals detailed above are the outcome of this regular review of equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards to ensure their effectiveness. As such, these proposals were not conceived and are not intended to be solutions to the distance issues identified in the Distance Insights Report. All notices related to golf equipment follow the Equipment Rulemaking Procedures adopted in 2011 by the USGA, The R&A and golf equipment manufacturers, which provide an open process of dialogue for all involved. The Distance Insights Report released last year highlighted the impact of long-term hitting distance increases on some of golf’s essential elements, including changing the strategic challenge of the game, altering the variety of skills needed to be successful and risking courses becoming less challenging or obsolete. Further, the report states that the overall trend of golf courses becoming longer has adverse consequences that ultimately affect golfers at all levels of the game. The governing bodies are working with the key stakeholders in golf to address these issues in a way that brings the game together and which ensures it will continue to thrive for many years to come. Work is also currently being conducted to develop industry-wide recommendations and best management practices on course design, setup and course conditions related to distance for all golf courses and golfers, as detailed among next steps in the Distance Insights conclusions document delivered last year. The USGA is currently conducting field testing and research, with outcomes to be delivered throughout 2021. For more information visit and
The USGA is a nonprofit organization that celebrates, serves and advances the game of golf. Founded in 1894, we conduct many of golf’s premier professional and amateur championships, including the U.S. Open and U.S. Women’s Open. With The R&A, we govern the sport via a global set of playing, equipment, handicapping and amateur status rules. The USGA campus in Liberty Corner, New Jersey, is home to the Association’s Research and Test Center, where science and innovation are fueling a healthy and sustainable game for the future. The campus is also home to the USGA Golf Museum, where we honor the game by curating the world’s most comprehensive archive of golf artifacts. To learn more, visit The R&A is aiming to invest £200 million in developing golf over the next decade and supports the growth of the sport internationally, including the development and management of sustainable golf facilities. For more information, visit . |
SERVING THE GAME
Three key proposed Equipment Rules changes have been made to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits. (Darren Carroll/USGA)
Distance Insights Home
The USGA and The R&A are re-engaging with the golf industry on the Distance Insights project, which aims to help achieve a more sustainable long-term future for golf.
The governing bodies are issuing specific Areas of Interest to help mitigate continuing distance increases and three proposed changes to the Equipment Rules to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits.
The delivery of research topics related to hitting distances and golf’s sustainability was delayed in 2020 to allow the golf industry to focus on the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
The Areas of Interest notice, sent on Monday to golf equipment manufacturers, follows the conclusions of the Distance Insights Report delivered last February. It is the first step of the established Equipment Rulemaking Procedures, which give the opportunity for golf’s stakeholders to provide research and perspectives on topics that might lead to equipment Rules changes.
In addition, three proposals related to Equipment Standards were also sent to the manufacturers yesterday and have been published – two to modernize equipment testing protocols and the other to consider the adoption of a Model Local Rule that would provide flexibility for committees, if they so choose, to limit the maximum length for clubs other than putters from 48 to 46 inches. Notice and comment periods have begun immediately to invite feedback on each of the three proposals from golf industry stakeholders.
Document link: Official USGA/R&A Document ( Research due by Nov. 2, 2021)
The Areas of Interest notice addresses two specific Areas of Interest:
Stakeholders are invited to participate in the process by sharing any data or perspectives they might have on these topics by Nov. 2, 2021.
The topics are purely areas for research. No solutions or decisions are being proposed at this stage. Any proposals for Rule changes that might result from this research will be communicated in accordance with the Equipment Rulemaking Procedures.
Document Link: Official USGA/R&A Document The USGA and The R&A are addressing the effectiveness of current equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards with respect to distance limits. As a result, the governing bodies are seeking comment from equipment manufacturers on three proposed Equipment Standards changes, as follows:
Proposal #1 : Club length – reduction to 46 inches available as a Model Local Rule (MLR) ( Original proposal delivered in 2016 and paused in 2017 due to the Distance Insights Project). Comment period ends on March 4, 2021.
Proposal #2 : Update on testing method for golf balls. Comment period ends on Aug. 2, 2021.
Proposal #3 : Change to testing tolerance – Characteristic Time. Comment period ends on Aug. 2, 2021.
The USGA and The R&A also today released the 2020 Annual Driving Distance Report. The full report can be found here: Report Link
Mike Davis, Chief Executive Officer of the USGA , said, “The research conducted through Distance Insights clearly shows that hitting distances have consistently increased through time and, if left unchecked, could threaten the long-term future of our game at every level and every golf course on which it is played. This is the first forward step in a journey and a responsibility the USGA and The R&A share with the worldwide golf community, to ensure that golf continues to thrive for the next hundred years and beyond.”
Martin Slumbers, Chief Executive of The R&A , said, “We are now able to progress with the work on this critical topic and are beginning the next phase as expeditiously as possible. The research topics and the proposed changes we have announced will be the focus of our attention in the coming months and we look forward to gaining insights from the golf industry and fully understanding their perspectives on these key areas. We remain fully committed to conducting this hugely important exercise for the sport thoroughly, efficiently and collaboratively.”
During the pause in distance-related research caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the USGA and The R&A completed their regular review of equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits. The proposals detailed above are the outcome of this regular review of equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards to ensure their effectiveness.
As such, these proposals were not conceived and are not intended to be solutions to the distance issues identified in the Distance Insights Report.
All notices related to golf equipment follow the Equipment Rulemaking Procedures adopted in 2011 by the USGA, The R&A and golf equipment manufacturers, which provide an open process of dialogue for all involved. The procedures can be reviewed here.
The Distance Insights Report released last year highlighted the impact of long-term hitting distance increases on some of golf’s essential elements, including changing the strategic challenge of the game, altering the variety of skills needed to be successful and risking courses becoming less challenging or obsolete. Further, the report states that the overall trend of golf courses becoming longer has adverse consequences that ultimately affect golfers at all levels of the game. The governing bodies are working with the key stakeholders in golf to address these issues in a way that brings the game together and which ensures it will continue to thrive for many years to come.
Work is also currently being conducted to develop industry-wide recommendations and best management practices on course design, setup and course conditions related to distance for all golf courses and golfers, as detailed among next steps in the Distance Insights conclusions document delivered last year. The USGA is currently conducting field testing and research, with outcomes to be delivered throughout 2021.
Crafting a compelling research proposal begins with selecting the right topic—a task that demands careful consideration and a thoughtful approach. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the intricacies of choosing research proposal topics, exploring the importance of a well-defined focus and guiding you through the steps to create a robust proposal.
Table of Contents
Selecting research proposal topics is a crucial step in the research process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you choose a compelling and impactful research topic:
By following these steps, you can ensure that your research proposal topic is not only engaging but also has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to your field of study.
Science and technology.
Composing a research proposal is a systematic process that involves careful planning, organization, and clear articulation of your research idea. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to compose a research proposal:
Selecting research proposal topics is a nuanced process that requires a blend of personal passion, academic rigor, and an understanding of the broader context.
By following this comprehensive guide, you can navigate the seas of research proposal development with confidence, ensuring that your chosen topic is not only compelling but also lays the foundation for meaningful and impactful research.
When you come to think of it that is the secret of most of the great holes all over the world. They all have some kind of a twist. C.B. MACDONALD
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We have a lot to get to! For now, the press release says a lot. With, admittedly, a fun buried lede.
The USGA and R&A Announce Golf Equipment Research Topics and Proposed Equipment Standards Changes
Research topics include potential Local Rule and review of club and ball specifications to help mitigate continuing distance increases
Proposed changes to current Equipment Standards on club length, test conditions for golf ball testing and tolerances for club spring-like effect to ensure effectiveness in relation to distance limits
LIBERTY CORNER, N.J., USA and ST. ANDREWS, Scotland (Feb. 2, 2021) – The USGA and The R&A are re-engaging with the golf industry on the Distance Insights project, which aims to help achieve a more sustainable long-term future for golf.
Strong lede.
The governing bodies are issuing specific Areas of Interest to help mitigate continuing distance increases and three proposed changes to the Equipment Rules to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits.
Areas of Interest=Person of Interest.
The delivery of research topics related to hitting distances and golf’s sustainability was delayed in 2020 to allow the golf industry to focus on the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
The Areas of Interest notice, sent on Monday to golf equipment manufacturers, follows the conclusions of the Distance Insights Report delivered last February. It is the first step of the established Equipment Rulemaking Procedures, which give the opportunity for golf’s stakeholders to provide research and perspectives on topics that might lead to equipment Rules changes.
In addition, three proposals related to Equipment Standards were also sent to the manufacturers yesterday and have been published – two to modernize equipment testing protocols and the other to consider the adoption of a Model Local Rule that would provide flexibility for committees, if they so choose, to limit the maximum length for clubs other than putters from 48 to 46 inches. Notice and comment periods have begun immediately to invite feedback on each of the three proposals from golf industry stakeholders.
The Model Local Rule. Also none as, a gift to Augusta National’s stately 13th tee pines that will live to see many more Masters and allow Bryson DeChambeau to say he’s been unfairly targeted. Maybe.
It’s a little too targeted and personal. Which might be the goal given that I see early reports by those who had the embargoed version of this leading with DeChambeau targeting in their headlines. Could backfire. Or could be a brilliant bait and switch to protect the big ticket changes.
Research Topics/Areas of Interest Document link: Official USGA/R&A Document ( Research due by Nov. 2, 2021)
The Areas of Interest notice addresses two specific Areas of Interest:
The potential use of a Local Rule that would specify the use of clubs and/or balls intended to result in shorter hitting distances. This would enable committees conducting competitions to stipulate whether such equipment should be used. It could be available at all levels of play and would also allow golfers playing outside of competition to choose for themselves.
That is bifurcation whether they will call it such or not. Not that there’s anything wrong with that.
A review of the overall conformance specifications for both clubs and balls, including specifications that both directly and indirectly affect hitting distances. This review would consider whether any existing specifications should be adjusted or any new specifications created to help mitigate continuing distance increases. It would not consider revising the overall specifications to produce substantial reductions in hitting distances at all levels of the game. A list of club and ball specifications to be reviewed can be found in the official notice.
Stakeholders are invited to participate in the process by sharing any data or perspectives they might have on these topics by Nov. 2, 2021.
Oh so much time to rack up billable hours!
The topics are purely areas for research. No solutions or decisions are being proposed at this stage. Any proposals for Rule changes that might result from this research will be communicated in accordance with the Equipment Rulemaking Procedures.
Proposed Equipment Standards changes The USGA and The R&A are addressing the effectiveness of current equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards with respect to distance limits. As a result, the governing bodies are seeking comment from equipment manufacturers on three proposed Equipment Standards changes, as follows:
Proposal #1: Club length – reduction to 46 inches available as a Model Local Rule (MLR) ( Original proposal delivered in 2016 and paused in 2017 due to the Distance Insights Project). Comment period ends on March 4, 2021.
And on March 5th…sorry, go on.
Proposal #2: Update on testing method for golf balls. Comment period ends on Aug. 2, 2021.
Proposal #3: Change to testing tolerance – Characteristic Time. Comment period ends on Aug. 2, 2021.
These items were telegraphed in the Distance Insights report, so should come as little surprise to manufacturers.
The 2020 Annual Driving Distance Report
The USGA and The R&A also today released the 2020 Annual Driving Distance Report. The full report can be found here: Report Link
Key quotes
Mike Davis, Chief Executive Officer of the USGA, said, “The research conducted through Distance Insights clearly shows that hitting distances have consistently increased through time and, if left unchecked, could threaten the long-term future of our game at every level and every golf course on which it is played. This is the first forward step in a journey and a responsibility the USGA and The R&A share with the worldwide golf community, to ensure that golf continues to thrive for the next hundred years and beyond.”
Martin Slumbers, Chief Executive of The R&A, said, “We are now able to progress with the work on this critical topic and are beginning the next phase as expeditiously as possible. The research topics and the proposed changes we have announced will be the focus of our attention in the coming months and we look forward to gaining insights from the golf industry and fully understanding their perspectives on these key areas. We remain fully committed to conducting this hugely important exercise for the sport thoroughly, efficiently and collaboratively.”
Strongest quotes yet. They’ve made up their minds. Let the whining begin!
And now for your buried lede.
Updates Since February 2020
During the pause in distance-related research caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the USGA and The R&A completed their regular review of equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits. The proposals detailed above are the outcome of this regular review of equipment-testing processes, protocols and standards to ensure their effectiveness.
As such, these proposals were not conceived and are not intended to be solutions to the distance issues identified in the Distance Insights Report.
But we did add the 46-inch driver rule based on what we were seeing.
The summary below of the issue at hand is also quite well said.
All notices related to golf equipment follow the Equipment Rulemaking Procedures adopted in 2011 by the USGA, The R&A and golf equipment manufacturers, which provide an open process of dialogue for all involved. The procedures can be reviewed here.
The Distance Insights Report released last year highlighted the impact of long-term hitting distance increases on some of golf’s essential elements, including changing the strategic challenge of the game, altering the variety of skills needed to be successful and risking courses becoming less challenging or obsolete. Further, the report states that the overall trend of golf courses becoming longer has adverse consequences that ultimately affect golfers at all levels of the game. The governing bodies are working with the key stakeholders in golf to address these issues in a way that brings the game together and which ensures it will continue to thrive for many years to come.
Work is also currently being conducted to develop industry-wide recommendations and best management practices on course design, setup and course conditions related to distance for all golf courses and golfers, as detailed among next steps in the Distance Insights conclusions document delivered last year. The USGA is currently conducting field testing and research, with outcomes to be delivered throughout 2021.
And there you go. Easily the most confident statements we’ve ever seen from the governing bodies.
Geoff Shackelford is a Senior Writer for Golfweek magazine, a weekly contributor to Golf Channel's Morning Drive, is co-host of The Ringer's ShackHouse is the author of eleven books.
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Golf is a sport that has been enjoyed by millions of people around the world for centuries. Whether you are a professional golfer or just a casual player, there is always something new to learn and explore in the world of golf. To help inspire your next golf essay, here are 108 topic ideas and examples to get you started:
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1. IvyPanda . "64 Golf Research Topics & Examples." February 27, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/golf-essay-topics/.
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Proposed changes to current Equipment Standards on club length, testing conditions for golf ball testing and tolerances for club spring-like effect to ensure effectiveness in relation to distance limits.
The R&A and the USGA have re-engaged with the golf industry on the Distance Insights project, which aims to help achieve a more sustainable long-term future for golf.
The governing bodies are issuing specific Areas of Interest to help mitigate continuing distance increases and three proposed changes to the Equipment Rules to ensure their effectiveness in relation to distance limits. The delivery of research topics related to hitting distances and golf’s sustainability was delayed in 2020 to allow the golf industry to focus on the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The Areas of Interest notice, sent yesterday to golf equipment manufacturers, follows the conclusions of the Distance Insights Report delivered last February. It is the first step of the established Equipment Rulemaking Procedures, which give the opportunity for golf’s stakeholders to provide research and perspectives on topics that might lead to equipment rules changes. In addition, three proposals related to equipment standards were also sent to the manufacturers yesterday and have been published - two to modernise equipment testing protocols and the other to consider the adoption of a Model Local Rule that would provide flexibility for committees, if they so choose, to limit the maximum length for clubs other than putters from 48 to 46 inches. Notice and comment periods have begun immediately to invite feedback on each of the three proposals from golf industry stakeholders.
- The potential use of a Local Rule that would specify the use of clubs and/or balls intended to result in shorter hitting distances. This would enable committees conducting competitions to stipulate whether such equipment should be used. It could be available at all levels of play and would also allow golfers playing outside of competition to choose for themselves.
- A review of the overall conformance specifications for both clubs and balls, including specifications that both directly and indirectly affect hitting distances. This review would consider whether any existing specifications should be adjusted or any new specifications created to help mitigate continuing distance increases. It would not consider revising the overall specifications to produce substantial reductions in hitting distances at all levels of the sport. A list of club and ball specifications to be reviewed can be found in the official notice .
The topics are purely areas for research. No solutions or decisions are being proposed at this stage. Any proposals for Rule changes that might result from this research will be communicated in accordance with the Equipment Rulemaking Procedures.
The R&A and the USGA are addressing the effectiveness of current equipment testing processes, protocols and standards with respect to distance limits. As a result, the governing bodies are seeking comment from equipment manufacturers on three proposed Equipment Standards changes, as follows: Proposal 1: Club length – reduction to 46 inches available as Model Local Rule (MLR) (Original proposal delivered in 2016 and paused in 2017 due to the Distance Insights project). Comment period ends on 4 March 2021. Proposal 2: Update on testing method for golf balls. Comment period ends on 2 August 2021. Proposal 3: Change to testing tolerance – Characteristic Time. Comment period ends on 2 August 2021.
Martin Slumbers, Chief Executive of The R&A, said, “We are now able to progress with the work on this critical topic and are beginning the next phase as expeditiously as possible. The research topics and the proposed changes we have announced will be the focus of our attention in the coming months and we look forward to gaining insights from the golf industry and fully understanding their perspectives on these key areas. We remain fully committed to conducting this hugely important exercise for the sport thoroughly, efficiently and collaboratively.” Mike Davis, Chief Executive Officer of the USGA, said, “The research conducted through Distance Insights clearly shows that hitting distances have consistently increased through time and, if left unchecked, could threaten the long-term future of our game at every level and every golf course on which it is played. This is the first forward step in a journey and a responsibility the USGA and The R&A share with the worldwide golf community, to ensure that golf continues to thrive for the next hundred years and beyond.”
For more information visit www.RandA.org and www.usga.org .
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Research proposals, international collaboration, key partnerships in golf.
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The U.S. National Science Foundation has awarded $10.5 million for Ideas Lab projects to assess and address research capacity needs, increase access to research facilities and build human capital at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The projects, funded through the NSF Advancing Research Capacity at HBCUs through Exploration and Innovation (ARC-HBCU) opportunity, will foster collaboration and build sustainable networks to facilitate interdisciplinary research in science, technology, engineering and mathematics at HBCUs. "The inaugural NSF ARC-HBCU Ideas Lab is a unique opportunity to connect talent and build research networks across our HBCUs to further advance an integrated and collaborative vision for the most critical research capacity needs of HBCUs," says NSF Director Sethuraman Panchanathan. Since the early 19th century, HBCUs have played a crucial role in providing higher education opportunities for students who had limited access to other higher education options. Moreover, HBCUs are vital for diversifying the STEM workforce. 8.5% of Black undergraduate students attend HBCUs, yet almost 18% of the Black STEM bachelor's degrees are awarded from HBCUs . A significant number of successful HBCU graduates have made a profound impact in STEM fields. Yet HBCUs are systemically underfunded, historically underrepresented as awardees, and face many infrastructure and administrative resource barriers. The ARC HBCU Ideas lab was funded by the NSF HBCU-Excellence in Research program in the Research Capacity and Competitiveness section. The focus of the ARC-HBCU program is to promote diversity and inclusion in research, enhance the research capacity of HBCUs and foster collaboration among faculty, students and industry partners. Through the Ideas lab concept, NSF is providing the opportunity for participants to work collaboratively to identify and define the scope of the unique challenges faced by HBCUs in meeting education and research needs. As the projects progress, they will dynamically develop and hone novel ideas about how these challenges may be addressed. The awardees and summary of each project are listed below:
Panoramic Institutional Assessments: A Playbook for Advancing Research Capacity
This project, led by Delaware State, will bring together faculty, research administrators and institutional leaders to develop innovative tools and approaches to enhance research capacity at consortium institutions, with long-term goals to scale up to HBCUs more broadly. The project will provide a framework to guide institutions through a self-directed process to examine their research ecosystem, help institutional leaders identify and address service gaps to strengthen key administrative functions that support research administration, and guide faculty in personalized assessments of their development as individual researchers using an existing framework. The project also includes partnerships with advocacy organizations that will assist in disseminating the research capacity assessments and playbook, ensuring a broad reach and sustainable impact across campuses.
Collaborating institutions: Tuskegee University, Huston-Tillotson University, Hampton University, Tennessee State University. Partnership for Advancing Research Capacity in Semiconductors at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Central State University is leading this project, which will enhance research capacity in semiconductor technology amongst partnering institutions by establishing robust research networks, enhancing faculty expertise, increasing access to state-of-the-art research facilities, and expanding student opportunities for education, training and hands-on research. This project aligns with the "CHIPS and Science Act of 2022" and has the potential to significantly broaden participation in semiconductor manufacturing and semiconductor research among African Americans, who are underrepresented in this industry even when compared to engineering sectors in general. It offers a rare opportunity for these institutions to engage and partner with industry players while contributing to workforce development in the semiconductor field.
Collaborating institutions: North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Fayetteville State University, Hampton University. Sub awardee institutions: Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University, Coppin State University, and Meharry Medical College. The HBCU Ujima Collective: Building Research Capacity at HBCUs through a Grow Your Own Research Corps Model
Led by Miles College, this project will assess, align and improve research infrastructure and processes at five HBCUs through the cultivation of highly trained human capital for work in the research enterprise. The project team will use open systems theory to produce a model that builds a corps of research administrators and scientists that can enhance and sustain research capacity across all HBCUs. The project will enhance research capacity at the institutions by speeding up the transition of the research enterprise, establishing the "grow your own model," and disseminating the research and assessment tools to allow model implementation at other institutions.
Collaborating institutions: Morgan State University, Howard University, Winston-Salem State University, Tennessee State University.
HBCU Research and Collaboration Exchange
This project, led by Virginia State University, seeks to create an online HBCU-focused platform to amplify existing research capacity by connecting researchers across HBCUs to other investigators, projects and equipment. The partnering institutions will pilot this project to create a multilayer platform by first developing an expertise and resource directory representative of all researchers at the respective institutions. In addition to raising awareness about and increasing connectivity among existing research expertise within the nation's HBCUs, the long-term impacts of the project will include the creation of a collaboration readiness index for existing and future technologies, as well as the creation of virtual collaboration space. Collaborating institutions: North Carolina Central University, Winston-Salem State University, Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University, Fisk University, University of the Virgin Islands.
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AssignZen . (2023) 'Writing Prompts about Golf'. 31 July.
Table of Contents
Before conducting a study, a research proposal should be created that outlines researchers’ plans and methodology and is submitted to the concerned evaluating organization or person. Creating a research proposal is an important step to ensure that researchers are on track and are moving forward as intended. A research proposal can be defined as a detailed plan or blueprint for the proposed research that you intend to undertake. It provides readers with a snapshot of your project by describing what you will investigate, why it is needed, and how you will conduct the research.
Your research proposal should aim to explain to the readers why your research is relevant and original, that you understand the context and current scenario in the field, have the appropriate resources to conduct the research, and that the research is feasible given the usual constraints.
This article will describe in detail the purpose and typical structure of a research proposal , along with examples and templates to help you ace this step in your research journey.
A research proposal¹ ,² can be defined as a formal report that describes your proposed research, its objectives, methodology, implications, and other important details. Research proposals are the framework of your research and are used to obtain approvals or grants to conduct the study from various committees or organizations. Consequently, research proposals should convince readers of your study’s credibility, accuracy, achievability, practicality, and reproducibility.
With research proposals , researchers usually aim to persuade the readers, funding agencies, educational institutions, and supervisors to approve the proposal. To achieve this, the report should be well structured with the objectives written in clear, understandable language devoid of jargon. A well-organized research proposal conveys to the readers or evaluators that the writer has thought out the research plan meticulously and has the resources to ensure timely completion.
A research proposal is a sales pitch and therefore should be detailed enough to convince your readers, who could be supervisors, ethics committees, universities, etc., that what you’re proposing has merit and is feasible . Research proposals can help students discuss their dissertation with their faculty or fulfill course requirements and also help researchers obtain funding. A well-structured proposal instills confidence among readers about your ability to conduct and complete the study as proposed.
Research proposals can be written for several reasons:³
Research proposals should aim to answer the three basic questions—what, why, and how.
The What question should be answered by describing the specific subject being researched. It should typically include the objectives, the cohort details, and the location or setting.
The Why question should be answered by describing the existing scenario of the subject, listing unanswered questions, identifying gaps in the existing research, and describing how your study can address these gaps, along with the implications and significance.
The How question should be answered by describing the proposed research methodology, data analysis tools expected to be used, and other details to describe your proposed methodology.
Here is a research proposal sample template (with examples) from the University of Rochester Medical Center. 4 The sections in all research proposals are essentially the same although different terminology and other specific sections may be used depending on the subject.
If you want to know how to make a research proposal impactful, include the following components:¹
1. Introduction
This section provides a background of the study, including the research topic, what is already known about it and the gaps, and the significance of the proposed research.
2. Literature review
This section contains descriptions of all the previous relevant studies pertaining to the research topic. Every study cited should be described in a few sentences, starting with the general studies to the more specific ones. This section builds on the understanding gained by readers in the Introduction section and supports it by citing relevant prior literature, indicating to readers that you have thoroughly researched your subject.
3. Objectives
Once the background and gaps in the research topic have been established, authors must now state the aims of the research clearly. Hypotheses should be mentioned here. This section further helps readers understand what your study’s specific goals are.
4. Research design and methodology
Here, authors should clearly describe the methods they intend to use to achieve their proposed objectives. Important components of this section include the population and sample size, data collection and analysis methods and duration, statistical analysis software, measures to avoid bias (randomization, blinding), etc.
5. Ethical considerations
This refers to the protection of participants’ rights, such as the right to privacy, right to confidentiality, etc. Researchers need to obtain informed consent and institutional review approval by the required authorities and mention this clearly for transparency.
6. Budget/funding
Researchers should prepare their budget and include all expected expenditures. An additional allowance for contingencies such as delays should also be factored in.
7. Appendices
This section typically includes information that supports the research proposal and may include informed consent forms, questionnaires, participant information, measurement tools, etc.
8. Citations
Writing a research proposal begins much before the actual task of writing. Planning the research proposal structure and content is an important stage, which if done efficiently, can help you seamlessly transition into the writing stage. 3,5
Key Takeaways
Here’s a summary of the main points about research proposals discussed in the previous sections:
Q1. How is a research proposal evaluated?
A1. In general, most evaluators, including universities, broadly use the following criteria to evaluate research proposals . 6
Q2. What is the difference between the Introduction and Literature Review sections in a research proposal ?
A2. The Introduction or Background section in a research proposal sets the context of the study by describing the current scenario of the subject and identifying the gaps and need for the research. A Literature Review, on the other hand, provides references to all prior relevant literature to help corroborate the gaps identified and the research need.
Q3. How long should a research proposal be?
A3. Research proposal lengths vary with the evaluating authority like universities or committees and also the subject. Here’s a table that lists the typical research proposal lengths for a few universities.
Arts programs | 1,000-1,500 | |
University of Birmingham | Law School programs | 2,500 |
PhD | 2,500 | |
2,000 | ||
Research degrees | 2,000-3,500 |
Q4. What are the common mistakes to avoid in a research proposal ?
A4. Here are a few common mistakes that you must avoid while writing a research proposal . 7
Thus, a research proposal is an essential document that can help you promote your research and secure funds and grants for conducting your research. Consequently, it should be well written in clear language and include all essential details to convince the evaluators of your ability to conduct the research as proposed.
This article has described all the important components of a research proposal and has also provided tips to improve your writing style. We hope all these tips will help you write a well-structured research proposal to ensure receipt of grants or any other purpose.
References
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How to write a phd research proposal.
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Home » 500+ Sports Research Topics
Sports research topics cover a vast array of areas in the world of athletics, from the physical and psychological impacts of sport on athletes to the social and cultural implications of sports on society. Sports research can include studies on training techniques, nutrition, injury prevention, performance enhancement, and much more. It can also explore the societal impact of sports, such as the role of sports in shaping national identities, gender roles, and cultural values. As a result, the field of sports research provides a unique lens through which to understand the complex relationship between sports and society, and offers insights that can benefit athletes, coaches, and sports enthusiasts alike. In this post, we will explore some of the most fascinating and important sports research topics that are currently being investigated.
Sports Research Topics are as follows:
Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer
A Straightforward How-To Guide (With Examples)
By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Reviewed By: Dr. Eunice Rautenbach | August 2019 (Updated April 2023)
Writing up a strong research proposal for a dissertation or thesis is much like a marriage proposal. It’s a task that calls on you to win somebody over and persuade them that what you’re planning is a great idea. An idea they’re happy to say ‘yes’ to. This means that your dissertation proposal needs to be persuasive , attractive and well-planned. In this post, I’ll show you how to write a winning dissertation proposal, from scratch.
Before you start:
– Understand exactly what a research proposal is – Ask yourself these 4 questions
The 5 essential ingredients:
The research proposal is literally that: a written document that communicates what you propose to research, in a concise format. It’s where you put all that stuff that’s spinning around in your head down on to paper, in a logical, convincing fashion.
Convincing is the keyword here, as your research proposal needs to convince the assessor that your research is clearly articulated (i.e., a clear research question) , worth doing (i.e., is unique and valuable enough to justify the effort), and doable within the restrictions you’ll face (time limits, budget, skill limits, etc.). If your proposal does not address these three criteria, your research won’t be approved, no matter how “exciting” the research idea might be.
PS – if you’re completely new to proposal writing, we’ve got a detailed walkthrough video covering two successful research proposals here .
Before starting the writing process, you need to ask yourself 4 important questions . If you can’t answer them succinctly and confidently, you’re not ready – you need to go back and think more deeply about your dissertation topic .
You should be able to answer the following 4 questions before starting your dissertation or thesis research proposal:
If you can’t answer these questions clearly and concisely, you’re not yet ready to write your research proposal – revisit our post on choosing a topic .
If you can, that’s great – it’s time to start writing up your dissertation proposal. Next, I’ll discuss what needs to go into your research proposal, and how to structure it all into an intuitive, convincing document with a linear narrative.
Research proposals can vary in style between institutions and disciplines, but here I’ll share with you a handy 5-section structure you can use. These 5 sections directly address the core questions we spoke about earlier, ensuring that you present a convincing proposal. If your institution already provides a proposal template, there will likely be substantial overlap with this, so you’ll still get value from reading on.
For each section discussed below, make sure you use headers and sub-headers (ideally, numbered headers) to help the reader navigate through your document, and to support them when they need to revisit a previous section. Don’t just present an endless wall of text, paragraph after paragraph after paragraph…
Top Tip: Use MS Word Styles to format headings. This will allow you to be clear about whether a sub-heading is level 2, 3, or 4. Additionally, you can view your document in ‘outline view’ which will show you only your headings. This makes it much easier to check your structure, shift things around and make decisions about where a section needs to sit. You can also generate a 100% accurate table of contents using Word’s automatic functionality.
Your research proposal’s title should be your main research question in its simplest form, possibly with a sub-heading providing basic details on the specifics of the study. For example:
“Compliance with equality legislation in the charity sector: a study of the ‘reasonable adjustments’ made in three London care homes”
As you can see, this title provides a clear indication of what the research is about, in broad terms. It paints a high-level picture for the first-time reader, which gives them a taste of what to expect. Always aim for a clear, concise title . Don’t feel the need to capture every detail of your research in your title – your proposal will fill in the gaps.
In this section of your research proposal, you’ll expand on what you’ve communicated in the title, by providing a few paragraphs which offer more detail about your research topic. Importantly, the focus here is the topic – what will you research and why is that worth researching? This is not the place to discuss methodology, practicalities, etc. – you’ll do that later.
You should cover the following:
Importantly, you should aim to use short sentences and plain language – don’t babble on with extensive jargon, acronyms and complex language. Assume that the reader is an intelligent layman – not a subject area specialist (even if they are). Remember that the best writing is writing that can be easily understood and digested. Keep it simple.
Note that some universities may want some extra bits and pieces in your introduction section. For example, personal development objectives, a structural outline, etc. Check your brief to see if there are any other details they expect in your proposal, and make sure you find a place for these.
Next, you’ll need to specify what the scope of your research will be – this is also known as the delimitations . In other words, you need to make it clear what you will be covering and, more importantly, what you won’t be covering in your research. Simply put, this is about ring fencing your research topic so that you have a laser-sharp focus.
All too often, students feel the need to go broad and try to address as many issues as possible, in the interest of producing comprehensive research. Whilst this is admirable, it’s a mistake. By tightly refining your scope, you’ll enable yourself to go deep with your research, which is what you need to earn good marks. If your scope is too broad, you’re likely going to land up with superficial research (which won’t earn marks), so don’t be afraid to narrow things down.
In this section of your research proposal, you need to provide a (relatively) brief discussion of the existing literature. Naturally, this will not be as comprehensive as the literature review in your actual dissertation, but it will lay the foundation for that. In fact, if you put in the effort at this stage, you’ll make your life a lot easier when it’s time to write your actual literature review chapter.
There are a few things you need to achieve in this section:
When you write up your literature review, keep these three objectives front of mind, especially number two (revealing the gap in the literature), so that your literature review has a clear purpose and direction . Everything you write should be contributing towards one (or more) of these objectives in some way. If it doesn’t, you need to ask yourself whether it’s truly needed.
Top Tip: Don’t fall into the trap of just describing the main pieces of literature, for example, “A says this, B says that, C also says that…” and so on. Merely describing the literature provides no value. Instead, you need to synthesise it, and use it to address the three objectives above.
Now that you’ve clearly explained both your intended research topic (in the introduction) and the existing research it will draw on (in the literature review section), it’s time to get practical and explain exactly how you’ll be carrying out your own research. In other words, your research methodology.
In this section, you’ll need to answer two critical questions :
In other words, this is not just about explaining WHAT you’ll be doing, it’s also about explaining WHY. In fact, the justification is the most important part , because that justification is how you demonstrate a good understanding of research design (which is what assessors want to see).
Some essential design choices you need to cover in your research proposal include:
This list is not exhaustive – these are just some core attributes of research design. Check with your institution what level of detail they expect. The “ research onion ” by Saunders et al (2009) provides a good summary of the various design choices you ultimately need to make – you can read more about that here .
In addition to the technical aspects, you will need to address the practical side of the project. In other words, you need to explain what resources you’ll need (e.g., time, money, access to equipment or software, etc.) and how you intend to secure these resources. You need to show that your project is feasible, so any “make or break” type resources need to already be secured. The success or failure of your project cannot depend on some resource which you’re not yet sure you have access to.
Another part of the practicalities discussion is project and risk management . In other words, you need to show that you have a clear project plan to tackle your research with. Some key questions to address:
A good way to demonstrate that you’ve thought this through is to include a Gantt chart and a risk register (in the appendix if word count is a problem). With these two tools, you can show that you’ve got a clear, feasible plan, and you’ve thought about and accounted for the potential risks.
Tip – Be honest about the potential difficulties – but show that you are anticipating solutions and workarounds. This is much more impressive to an assessor than an unrealistically optimistic proposal which does not anticipate any challenges whatsoever.
The final step is to edit and proofread your proposal – very carefully. It sounds obvious, but all too often poor editing and proofreading ruin a good proposal. Nothing is more off-putting for an assessor than a poorly edited, typo-strewn document. It sends the message that you either do not pay attention to detail, or just don’t care. Neither of these are good messages. Put the effort into editing and proofreading your proposal (or pay someone to do it for you) – it will pay dividends.
When you’re editing, watch out for ‘academese’. Many students can speak simply, passionately and clearly about their dissertation topic – but become incomprehensible the moment they turn the laptop on. You are not required to write in any kind of special, formal, complex language when you write academic work. Sure, there may be technical terms, jargon specific to your discipline, shorthand terms and so on. But, apart from those, keep your written language very close to natural spoken language – just as you would speak in the classroom. Imagine that you are explaining your project plans to your classmates or a family member. Remember, write for the intelligent layman, not the subject matter experts. Plain-language, concise writing is what wins hearts and minds – and marks!
And there you have it – how to write your dissertation or thesis research proposal, from the title page to the final proof. Here’s a quick recap of the key takeaways:
Hopefully, this post has helped you better understand how to write up a winning research proposal. If you enjoyed it, be sure to check out the rest of the Grad Coach Blog . If your university doesn’t provide any template for your proposal, you might want to try out our free research proposal template .
This post is an extract from our bestselling short course, Research Proposal Bootcamp . If you want to work smart, you don't want to miss this .
Thank you so much for the valuable insight that you have given, especially on the research proposal. That is what I have managed to cover. I still need to go back to the other parts as I got disturbed while still listening to Derek’s audio on you-tube. I am inspired. I will definitely continue with Grad-coach guidance on You-tube.
Thanks for the kind words :). All the best with your proposal.
First of all, thanks a lot for making such a wonderful presentation. The video was really useful and gave me a very clear insight of how a research proposal has to be written. I shall try implementing these ideas in my RP.
Once again, I thank you for this content.
I found reading your outline on writing research proposal very beneficial. I wish there was a way of submitting my draft proposal to you guys for critiquing before I submit to the institution.
Hi Bonginkosi
Thank you for the kind words. Yes, we do provide a review service. The best starting point is to have a chat with one of our coaches here: https://gradcoach.com/book/new/ .
Hello team GRADCOACH, may God bless you so much. I was totally green in research. Am so happy for your free superb tutorials and resources. Once again thank you so much Derek and his team.
You’re welcome, Erick. Good luck with your research proposal 🙂
thank you for the information. its precise and on point.
Really a remarkable piece of writing and great source of guidance for the researchers. GOD BLESS YOU for your guidance. Regards
Thanks so much for your guidance. It is easy and comprehensive the way you explain the steps for a winning research proposal.
Thank you guys so much for the rich post. I enjoyed and learn from every word in it. My problem now is how to get into your platform wherein I can always seek help on things related to my research work ? Secondly, I wish to find out if there is a way I can send my tentative proposal to you guys for examination before I take to my supervisor Once again thanks very much for the insights
Thanks for your kind words, Desire.
If you are based in a country where Grad Coach’s paid services are available, you can book a consultation by clicking the “Book” button in the top right.
Best of luck with your studies.
May God bless you team for the wonderful work you are doing,
If I have a topic, Can I submit it to you so that you can draft a proposal for me?? As I am expecting to go for masters degree in the near future.
Thanks for your comment. We definitely cannot draft a proposal for you, as that would constitute academic misconduct. The proposal needs to be your own work. We can coach you through the process, but it needs to be your own work and your own writing.
Best of luck with your research!
I found a lot of many essential concepts from your material. it is real a road map to write a research proposal. so thanks a lot. If there is any update material on your hand on MBA please forward to me.
GradCoach is a professional website that presents support and helps for MBA student like me through the useful online information on the page and with my 1-on-1 online coaching with the amazing and professional PhD Kerryen.
Thank you Kerryen so much for the support and help 🙂
I really recommend dealing with such a reliable services provider like Gradcoah and a coach like Kerryen.
Hi, Am happy for your service and effort to help students and researchers, Please, i have been given an assignment on research for strategic development, the task one is to formulate a research proposal to support the strategic development of a business area, my issue here is how to go about it, especially the topic or title and introduction. Please, i would like to know if you could help me and how much is the charge.
This content is practical, valuable, and just great!
Thank you very much!
Hi Derek, Thank you for the valuable presentation. It is very helpful especially for beginners like me. I am just starting my PhD.
This is quite instructive and research proposal made simple. Can I have a research proposal template?
Great! Thanks for rescuing me, because I had no former knowledge in this topic. But with this piece of information, I am now secured. Thank you once more.
I enjoyed listening to your video on how to write a proposal. I think I will be able to write a winning proposal with your advice. I wish you were to be my supervisor.
Dear Derek Jansen,
Thank you for your great content. I couldn’t learn these topics in MBA, but now I learned from GradCoach. Really appreciate your efforts….
From Afghanistan!
I have got very essential inputs for startup of my dissertation proposal. Well organized properly communicated with video presentation. Thank you for the presentation.
Wow, this is absolutely amazing guys. Thank you so much for the fruitful presentation, you’ve made my research much easier.
this helps me a lot. thank you all so much for impacting in us. may god richly bless you all
How I wish I’d learn about Grad Coach earlier. I’ve been stumbling around writing and rewriting! Now I have concise clear directions on how to put this thing together. Thank you!
Fantastic!! Thank You for this very concise yet comprehensive guidance.
Even if I am poor in English I would like to thank you very much.
Thank you very much, this is very insightful.
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International research projects – payments.
By Office of Global Engagement
University researchers and travelers often need to pay for goods or services to support projects occurring in a foreign country. Payments which may be common in the United States can be more complex in international locations. The purpose of this guidance is to provide researchers and departments with an overview of options for in-country payments, payments to research subjects in an international location, tax reporting issues, and payments for traveler expenses.
Payments made by the University in a foreign country are subject to compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and other applicable local anti-bribery laws. For guidance on the FCPA, researchers and departments should review the University’s FCPA Guidance .
For questions regarding allowable costs on sponsored projects, researchers and departments should review the University’s guidance on Federal Award Compliance, Budgets, and Subawards [Link], or contact their grants or department administrator.
Payments for Expenses Incurred Outside the United States
There are various options available to researchers and departments for paying for University business expenses that arise from international research or projects. Options below are listed in order of strong preference, with PCard and Direct University Payment being the most preferred options.
In rare cases, where payment by PCard to a payee is feasible but is prohibited by the terms of the PCard Policy, and other options below are impractical or impossible, departments may request an exception to the PCard Policy by completing the PCard Transaction Exception Form process described in the PCard Policy.
University Procurement will determine whether a potential supplier should complete the Supplier Qualification Process or whether the supplier can be paid by SIR. For international projects, researchers and departments can contact University Procurement directly, or they can contact the Office of Global Engagement for consultation, who can work with departments and University Procurement on payment issues.
For example, researchers and departments should follow University Procurement’s processes to arrangements with independent contractors that will support a research project in a foreign country. Depending on the potential risk of the arrangement, the University will issue a Purchase Order to pay the independent contractor, or the University may be able to pay the independent contractor through the SIR process.
Where the University establishes a Purchase Order or pays by SIR, the University will pay by Direct University Payment , and not by cash, PCard, Credit Card, or any other payment type.
To potentially initiate this option, researchers and departments should first contact the Office of Global Engagement for consultation on the potential arrangement. The Office of Global Engagement can coordinate with other stakeholder University offices on establishing an agreement with the partner and setting up the partner to receive payments in Workday. In these cases, the University will issue payments to the local partner via ACH to a bank account in the United States or EFT to a bank account in the foreign country (and if needed, in foreign currency).
Can researchers pay in cash (Cash Advance or Personal Funds) or use personal credit for project payments?
Generally, faculty, staff, and students should not pay for local services (including independent contractors) in cash, or use personal funds or credit for local procurement of supplies or equipment, unless it is unavoidable and has been approved in advance by Accounts Payable. Further, managing large sums of cash when abroad may present a personal security risk and should be avoided if possible. To initiate a request for cash payments, departments and researchers should contact Accounts Payable in advance to discuss cash needs. If approved in advance, one or more of the following options will be available:
Where Cash Advance or Personal Funds/Credit Card are used, an Expense Report is required to be submitted for the expenses paid in cash. Individuals should take care to log/track those cash expenses in detail so that the amount can be allowed as a business expense for posting to the grant or other University FAO.
Payments to Research Participants
The Paying Research Study Participants guide provides several traditional and non-traditional payment methods for payments to research subjects. The guide lists payment options, an order of preference, reference information, contacts for questions, and other guidance for when and how to use each. For research occurring in remote locations, payment options that include Flywire, low dollar cash, and gifts may be useful where other preferred options are not available.
Note the following important restrictions:
Before engaging in human subjects research in a foreign country, researchers and departments should consult the Guideline for Conducting International Research published the Office of Human Subject Protection (OHSP), and ensure that all OHSP and Research Subject Review Board (RSRB) requirements are met.
Tax Reporting
The University is not required to report payments to the IRS if the payee is a foreign entity or nonresident alien (as defined by the IRS) and all services are performed outside of the United States. This generally includes payments made to research subjects for research that occur in a foreign country. Subject to the monetary thresholds set forth in the Research Subjects Payments Policy , all U.S. citizens and permanent residents must have their payments for services reported (even if they are paid as a human subject in research occurring outside of the U.S.). Nonresident aliens performing services in the U.S. require tax reporting, and tax withholding is most likely required. If you have questions about whether payments made in connection with an international research collaboration will require tax reporting, contact Accounts Payable.
Paying for Travel Expenses for International Research
The Accounts Payable Reimbursement website contains policy and procedure information, as well as detailed guidance, on paying for University travel expenses . The Accounts Payable guidance includes orders of preference for paying travel expenses, how and when to use each option, and links to more information and who to contact with further questions.
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A research proposal involves planning out a project you're curious about in your field. It outlines what you plan to study, how you'll go about it, and why it matters.
The problem, though, is what research proposal topic to pick, as there are so many to choose from, with :
These fields provide excellent opportunities for research and open doors to exciting career paths.
In this guide, you’ll discover a broad selection of research proposal topic ideas that cover everything from international relations to the impacts of global economic policies. Each one comes with short pointers on how to develop it into a solid proposal.
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Political science research proposal topics.
Here are some engaging political science topic ideas, with tips on how to approach them and examples to guide your research process:
Here are some solid topic ideas to help you get started, from AI innovations to the latest in cybersecurity:
These international relations research topic ideas will help you explore critical global issues, from trade agreements to climate change impacts:
These economics research ideas will help you explore key issues in the field, including the impact of interest rates on economic growth and the effects of globalization:
These business research questions cover a range of topic ideas, including leadership styles, customer retention, and the impact of artificial intelligence on business operations:
These interesting research paper topics in management will help you dive into key areas like leadership, team dynamics, human resource management, and organizational culture:
These MBA research topics for students will help you explore critical areas in business management, from strategic planning to the role of information technology in business:
These business project proposal topics focus on how various strategies and tools can influence academic performance in a business context, offering a fresh perspective for your typical research proposal:
These sociology research project ideas will help you explore key social issues and phenomena, offering a strong foundation for your research:
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Choose one of these psychology research topic ideas to explore the fascinating ways our minds work, from how childhood experiences shape our adult lives to the impact of technology on our attention spans:
These chemistry research topic ideas explore scientific advancements while addressing the ethical considerations that arise in this dynamic field:
These history research proposal ideas offer a range of topics from ancient civilizations to modern international conflicts:
Check out these interesting research proposal topic ideas in criminal justice that cover everything from community policing to the intricacies of forensic science:
These philosophy research proposal topics cover complex ethical, metaphysical, and social questions, providing a comprehensive literature review for each study:
Check out these medical research proposal topic ideas designed for successful research, offering insights into various health challenges and innovations:
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Tackle these biology research proposal topics that address various research problems, from ecological dynamics to molecular genetics. Prepare to uncover fascinating insights into the living world:
Check out these environmental research proposal topics that use advanced research methods to solve our planet's pressing problems, offering ways to make a real difference:
Explore these research proposal topics on development studies, each designed to spark deep investigation into social, economic, and environmental advancements:
These qualitative research proposal topics uncover deep insights into human behavior and social patterns. Each proposal topic is chosen to encourage thoughtful exploration and rich discussion:
These quantitative research proposal topics are perfect for exploring the numbers behind important issues, from consumer spending to environmental policies:
These simple research proposal topics are perfect for students who want to explore important ideas without getting overwhelmed.
The research topic ideas we've covered highlight some of the most popular and relevant areas for students today. Whether you're looking into how social media influences political campaigns or the role of leadership styles in boosting employee productivity, these proposal ideas offer a strong starting point for your academic journey.
If you’re still feeling stuck or need a bit more guidance, DoMyEssay is here to help. Our team of experts can assist you in crafting a research proposal that truly shines. Check out our research proposal writing service for more support.
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Example of tiger woods research paper, research paper on sports psychology: yips, introduction.
The ‘yips’ is a term used in sports to describe a transient loss of fine motor skills due to various causes. Although the major etiology is unknown, many researchers attribute it to a psychological and neurological cause. It is a reversible condition which has lead to the end of many sports careers due to poor performance (Vonbrock 50). In golf, it is referred to as a movement disorder that usually impedes with putting. This is because it leads to twitching, jerking and loss of concentration that leads to missing of short putts in golf (Cullen 56).
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Background.3-4 Discussion4-10 Support of E-Sports as Sports.5-7 Opposition to E-Sports as Sports7-8 Responses to Objections.8-9 Conclusion10-11
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INTRODUCTION The process of communication takes place when there is an exchange of information between a sender and a receiver. In simple words, verbal communication is an act of delivering ideas, messages, views or feelings through the use of mouth. This is the primary way of a direct face to face communication between two or more people. Although all animals communicate, human communication stands apart from the others, as the language through which communication takes place is bestowed with unique qualities such as clarity, emotions and effectiveness.
Research paper on heroism and change society, comprehensive planning research paper sample.
Community planning refers to the process of determining goals and aspirations of a community dependent of community development. The results of comprehensive planning dictates what public policies are to be undertaken. The policies range from transportation, land use, utilities, recreation as well as housing. Comprehensive planning usually covers large geographical areas, with different policies to be covered in a long period of time. In other regions, it is referred to as strategic visioning or planning. This usually goes along with public consultation. Official community plan is the document that result from comprehensive planning.
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Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]
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A research proposal systematically and transparently outlines a proposed research project.
The purpose of a research proposal is to demonstrate a project’s viability and the researcher’s preparedness to conduct an academic study. It serves as a roadmap for the researcher.
The process holds value both externally (for accountability purposes and often as a requirement for a grant application) and intrinsic value (for helping the researcher to clarify the mechanics, purpose, and potential signficance of the study).
Key sections of a research proposal include: the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, research design and methods, timeline, budget, outcomes and implications, references, and appendix. Each is briefly explained below.
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Title: The title should present a concise and descriptive statement that clearly conveys the core idea of the research projects. Make it as specific as possible. The reader should immediately be able to grasp the core idea of the intended research project. Often, the title is left too vague and does not help give an understanding of what exactly the study looks at.
Abstract: Abstracts are usually around 250-300 words and provide an overview of what is to follow – including the research problem , objectives, methods, expected outcomes, and significance of the study. Use it as a roadmap and ensure that, if the abstract is the only thing someone reads, they’ll get a good fly-by of what will be discussed in the peice.
Introduction: Introductions are all about contextualization. They often set the background information with a statement of the problem. At the end of the introduction, the reader should understand what the rationale for the study truly is. I like to see the research questions or hypotheses included in the introduction and I like to get a good understanding of what the significance of the research will be. It’s often easiest to write the introduction last
Literature Review: The literature review dives deep into the existing literature on the topic, demosntrating your thorough understanding of the existing literature including themes, strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in the literature. It serves both to demonstrate your knowledge of the field and, to demonstrate how the proposed study will fit alongside the literature on the topic. A good literature review concludes by clearly demonstrating how your research will contribute something new and innovative to the conversation in the literature.
Research Design and Methods: This section needs to clearly demonstrate how the data will be gathered and analyzed in a systematic and academically sound manner. Here, you need to demonstrate that the conclusions of your research will be both valid and reliable. Common points discussed in the research design and methods section include highlighting the research paradigm, methodologies, intended population or sample to be studied, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures . Toward the end of this section, you are encouraged to also address ethical considerations and limitations of the research process , but also to explain why you chose your research design and how you are mitigating the identified risks and limitations.
Timeline: Provide an outline of the anticipated timeline for the study. Break it down into its various stages (including data collection, data analysis, and report writing). The goal of this section is firstly to establish a reasonable breakdown of steps for you to follow and secondly to demonstrate to the assessors that your project is practicable and feasible.
Budget: Estimate the costs associated with the research project and include evidence for your estimations. Typical costs include staffing costs, equipment, travel, and data collection tools. When applying for a scholarship, the budget should demonstrate that you are being responsible with your expensive and that your funding application is reasonable.
Expected Outcomes and Implications: A discussion of the anticipated findings or results of the research, as well as the potential contributions to the existing knowledge, theory, or practice in the field. This section should also address the potential impact of the research on relevant stakeholders and any broader implications for policy or practice.
References: A complete list of all the sources cited in the research proposal, formatted according to the required citation style. This demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with the relevant literature and ensures proper attribution of ideas and information.
Appendices (if applicable): Any additional materials, such as questionnaires, interview guides, or consent forms, that provide further information or support for the research proposal. These materials should be included as appendices at the end of the document.
Research proposals often extend anywhere between 2,000 and 15,000 words in length. The following snippets are samples designed to briefly demonstrate what might be discussed in each section.
See some real sample pieces:
Consider this hypothetical education research proposal:
The Impact of Game-Based Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance in Middle School Mathematics
Abstract: The proposed study will explore multiplayer game-based learning techniques in middle school mathematics curricula and their effects on student engagement. The study aims to contribute to the current literature on game-based learning by examining the effects of multiplayer gaming in learning.
Introduction: Digital game-based learning has long been shunned within mathematics education for fears that it may distract students or lower the academic integrity of the classrooms. However, there is emerging evidence that digital games in math have emerging benefits not only for engagement but also academic skill development. Contributing to this discourse, this study seeks to explore the potential benefits of multiplayer digital game-based learning by examining its impact on middle school students’ engagement and academic performance in a mathematics class.
Literature Review: The literature review has identified gaps in the current knowledge, namely, while game-based learning has been extensively explored, the role of multiplayer games in supporting learning has not been studied.
Research Design and Methods: This study will employ a mixed-methods research design based upon action research in the classroom. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design will first be used to compare the academic performance and engagement of middle school students exposed to game-based learning techniques with those in a control group receiving instruction without the aid of technology. Students will also be observed and interviewed in regard to the effect of communication and collaboration during gameplay on their learning.
Timeline: The study will take place across the second term of the school year with a pre-test taking place on the first day of the term and the post-test taking place on Wednesday in Week 10.
Budget: The key budgetary requirements will be the technologies required, including the subscription cost for the identified games and computers.
Expected Outcomes and Implications: It is expected that the findings will contribute to the current literature on game-based learning and inform educational practices, providing educators and policymakers with insights into how to better support student achievement in mathematics.
See some real examples:
Consider this hypothetical psychology research proposal:
The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress Reduction in College Students
Abstract: This research proposal examines the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on stress reduction among college students, using a pre-test/post-test experimental design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods .
Introduction: College students face heightened stress levels during exam weeks. This can affect both mental health and test performance. This study explores the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions such as meditation as a way to mediate stress levels in the weeks leading up to exam time.
Literature Review: Existing research on mindfulness-based meditation has shown the ability for mindfulness to increase metacognition, decrease anxiety levels, and decrease stress. Existing literature has looked at workplace, high school and general college-level applications. This study will contribute to the corpus of literature by exploring the effects of mindfulness directly in the context of exam weeks.
Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n= 234 ) will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group, receiving 5 days per week of 10-minute mindfulness-based interventions, or a control group, receiving no intervention. Data will be collected through self-report questionnaires, measuring stress levels, semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ experiences, and students’ test scores.
Timeline: The study will begin three weeks before the students’ exam week and conclude after each student’s final exam. Data collection will occur at the beginning (pre-test of self-reported stress levels) and end (post-test) of the three weeks.
Expected Outcomes and Implications: The study aims to provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing stress among college students in the lead up to exams, with potential implications for mental health support and stress management programs on college campuses.
Consider this hypothetical sociology research proposal:
The Impact of Social Media Usage on Interpersonal Relationships among Young Adults
Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effects of social media usage on interpersonal relationships among young adults, using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach with ongoing semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data.
Introduction: Social media platforms have become a key medium for the development of interpersonal relationships, particularly for young adults. This study examines the potential positive and negative effects of social media usage on young adults’ relationships and development over time.
Literature Review: A preliminary review of relevant literature has demonstrated that social media usage is central to development of a personal identity and relationships with others with similar subcultural interests. However, it has also been accompanied by data on mental health deline and deteriorating off-screen relationships. The literature is to-date lacking important longitudinal data on these topics.
Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n = 454 ) will be young adults aged 18-24. Ongoing self-report surveys will assess participants’ social media usage, relationship satisfaction, and communication patterns. A subset of participants will be selected for longitudinal in-depth interviews starting at age 18 and continuing for 5 years.
Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of five years, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.
Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide insights into the complex relationship between social media usage and interpersonal relationships among young adults, potentially informing social policies and mental health support related to social media use.
Consider this hypothetical nursing research proposal:
The Influence of Nurse-Patient Communication on Patient Satisfaction and Health Outcomes following Emergency Cesarians
Abstract: This research will examines the impact of effective nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction and health outcomes for women following c-sections, utilizing a mixed-methods approach with patient surveys and semi-structured interviews.
Introduction: It has long been known that effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for quality care. However, additional complications arise following emergency c-sections due to the interaction between new mother’s changing roles and recovery from surgery.
Literature Review: A review of the literature demonstrates the importance of nurse-patient communication, its impact on patient satisfaction, and potential links to health outcomes. However, communication between nurses and new mothers is less examined, and the specific experiences of those who have given birth via emergency c-section are to date unexamined.
Research Design and Methods: Participants will be patients in a hospital setting who have recently had an emergency c-section. A self-report survey will assess their satisfaction with nurse-patient communication and perceived health outcomes. A subset of participants will be selected for in-depth interviews to explore their experiences and perceptions of the communication with their nurses.
Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including rolling recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing within the hospital.
Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the significance of nurse-patient communication in supporting new mothers who have had an emergency c-section. Recommendations will be presented for supporting nurses and midwives in improving outcomes for new mothers who had complications during birth.
Consider this hypothetical social work research proposal:
The Role of a Family-Centered Intervention in Preventing Homelessness Among At-Risk Youthin a working-class town in Northern England
Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effectiveness of a family-centered intervention provided by a local council area in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth. This case study will use a mixed-methods approach with program evaluation data and semi-structured interviews to collect quantitative and qualitative data .
Introduction: Homelessness among youth remains a significant social issue. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in addressing this problem and identify factors that contribute to successful prevention strategies.
Literature Review: A review of the literature has demonstrated several key factors contributing to youth homelessness including lack of parental support, lack of social support, and low levels of family involvement. It also demonstrates the important role of family-centered interventions in addressing this issue. Drawing on current evidence, this study explores the effectiveness of one such intervention in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth in a working-class town in Northern England.
Research Design and Methods: The study will evaluate a new family-centered intervention program targeting at-risk youth and their families. Quantitative data on program outcomes, including housing stability and family functioning, will be collected through program records and evaluation reports. Semi-structured interviews with program staff, participants, and relevant stakeholders will provide qualitative insights into the factors contributing to program success or failure.
Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.
Budget: Expenses include access to program evaluation data, interview materials, data analysis software, and any related travel costs for in-person interviews.
Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in preventing youth homelessness, potentially informing the expansion of or necessary changes to social work practices in Northern England.
Get your Detailed Template for Writing your Research Proposal Here (With AI Prompts!)
This is a template for a 2500-word research proposal. You may find it difficult to squeeze everything into this wordcount, but it’s a common wordcount for Honors and MA-level dissertations.
Section | Checklist |
---|---|
Title | – Ensure the single-sentence title clearly states the study’s focus |
Abstract (Words: 200) | – Briefly describe the research topicSummarize the research problem or question – Outline the research design and methods – Mention the expected outcomes and implications |
Introduction (Words: 300) | – Introduce the research topic and its significance – Clearly state the research problem or question – Explain the purpose and objectives of the study – Provide a brief overview of |
Literature Review (Words: 800) | – Gather the existing literature into themes and ket ideas – the themes and key ideas in the literature – Identify gaps or inconsistencies in the literature – Explain how the current study will contribute to the literature |
Research Design and Methods (Words; 800) | – Describe the research paradigm (generally: positivism and interpretivism) – Describe the research design (e.g., qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods) – Explain the data collection methods (e.g., surveys, interviews, observations) – Detail the sampling strategy and target population – Outline the data analysis techniques (e.g., statistical analysis, thematic analysis) – Outline your validity and reliability procedures – Outline your intended ethics procedures – Explain the study design’s limitations and justify your decisions |
Timeline (Single page table) | – Provide an overview of the research timeline – Break down the study into stages with specific timeframes (e.g., data collection, analysis, report writing) – Include any relevant deadlines or milestones |
Budget (200 words) | – Estimate the costs associated with the research project – Detail specific expenses (e.g., materials, participant incentives, travel costs) – Include any necessary justifications for the budget items – Mention any funding sources or grant applications |
Expected Outcomes and Implications (200 words) | – Summarize the anticipated findings or results of the study – Discuss the potential implications of the findings for theory, practice, or policy – Describe any possible limitations of the study |
Your research proposal is where you really get going with your study. I’d strongly recommend working closely with your teacher in developing a research proposal that’s consistent with the requirements and culture of your institution, as in my experience it varies considerably. The above template is from my own courses that walk students through research proposals in a British School of Education.
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Filter by keywords:(add comma between each), example essays.
Golf Company The Calloway Golf website states that their aim is pure in that they are "always looking to raise" their game and as well stated is that each day the company searches for "Pure innovation and performance." (2011) The Calloway Golf Company offers a 'wide range of products, each with advanced technology nd a variety of options suited to every type of player. Callaway Golf's specific 'Mission Statement' is as follows: "Callaway Golf Company is driven to be a world class organization that designs, develops, makes, and delivers demonstrably superior and pleasingly different golf products that incorporate breakthrough technologies, and backs those products with noticeably superior customer service. We share every golfer's passion for the game, and commit our talents and our technology to increasing the satisfaction and enjoyment all golfers derive from pursuing that passion." (CallawayGolf.com, 2011) Vision Callaway Golf's vision statement is as follows: 'One good shot it not enough, so…...
S. also. The fact that the development of golf courses is included in large real estate projects is an important factor that companies must take into consideration. This is because this factor influences the costs of the companies that develop such projects, but also the prices of properties of homeowners in such regions. The costs of developing these large real; estate projects are also reflected in the value of subscriptions to these golf courses. This influences the purchasing behavior of customers interested in this activity. Therefore, it is important to understand the fact that golf courses have numerous implications in sport management. In addition to this, it is important to identify the influence of gold courses in different types of such projects. Specialists in the field have determined that the types of real estate projects that include golf courses are represented by residential subdivisions built along existing golf courses, residential developments around…...
mla Reference list: 1. Nicholls, S. & Crompton, J. (2007). The Impact of a Golf Course on Residential Property Values. Journal of Sport Management. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
This further reduced to $549 million in 2012. The reason behind this decrease is was a subsequent decrease in revenues and reduced nerd sales. The cost of selling goods is proportional to the revenues and an increase in latter directly impact the former. No direct inference could be made from COSG statistics. Gross profit: Gross profit of Callaway Golf Company peaked in FY 2009 when it was recorded to be $365.5 million whereas in 2008, it was reported to be $349 million. In FY 2010, the gross profit of the company was $312 million that dropped to $284 million in FY 2012. This indicates that in FY 2013, the gross profit of the firm may remain equaling to the 2012 mark. eduction in net sales of the company during these years impacted other aspects of company's financial performance. The company has gradually got its gross profitability reduced due to reasons…...
mla References Beria, P., Niemeier, H.M., & Frohlich, K. (2011). Alitalia -- the failure of a national carrier. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17(4), 215-220. Bloomberg. (2013). Callaway Golf Company (ELY:New York). Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved from: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=ELY Callaway. (2013). Corporate Governance. Retrieved from: http://www.callawaygolf.com/global/en-us/investor-relations/corporate-governance.html Goldstein, R., Ju, N., & Leland, H. (2001). An EBIT-Based Model of Dynamic Capital Structure*. The Journal of Business, 74(4), 483-512.
Yet the fundamental skills of the game require strictly hands-on learning. Merely learning the rules does not prepare one to actually play the game. The game is learned through repetition of physical movements, for example on the driving range or the putting green. Golf swings are learned by training muscles to behave in a certain way consistently - the book element of that is minimal. The soft skills that one must learn to play business golf are another problem. This is represented in the concept of interpersonal intelligence. I understand that I can read about selling and developing strong business relationships, but the execution of the theories requires making strong interpersonal connections, and that is not something that can be learned from a book. There is another aspect to achieving success at business golf, one that is not directly related to specific skill sets that I need to acquire, but that…...
mla Bibliography Duke, Scot. (2008) Business Golf Investment. IBGS. Retrieved August 1, 2008 at http://innovativebusinessgolf.com/2008/06/23/business-golf-investment/ This article outlines the quantifiable benefits of business golf, and the importance of viewing business golf as a long-term strategy. The article was useful for illustrating specific examples of business golf success and explaining some of the mechanics of that success. Armstrong, Thomas. (2000). Multiple Intelligences. Thomas Armstrong. Retrieved August 1, 2008 at http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm This article outlines Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. These are the different ways in which humans relate to the world, the theory being that each person has a degree of each intelligence, but that they will all be in a unique proportion in each individual. This helped me better understand my learning style, and the ones that would be required to help me learn business golf.
A Statement and Analysis of the Major Options for solving the Problem: Is the MPT program effective enough to make the Company operate with the most competitive standing in the industry or not? The financial and human resource requirements for this program will decide how much focus the Management should give on it. The main problem for the Company's Management is to know the effectiveness of this program. According to Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson, (2007); the effectiveness of some business strategy is best evaluated from its results. The only way to get the desired outcomes is to provide the best quality products complemented by the best customer services. Callaway Golf Canada wants to provide the best possible value-added services to it every customer. The best option to solve the aforesaid issue and to ensure the success of this program is to arrange the relevant training and development sessions for the MBC teams.…...
mla References Farley, J., (1964). Why Does "Brand Loyalty" Vary our Products? The Journal of Marketing, American Marketing Association, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 9-12 Hitt, M., A., Ireland, R., D., Hoskisson, R., E., (2007). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, 7th Edition, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western Kotler, P. Brown, L. Burton, S. Deans, K. Armstrong, G. (2010). Marketing. 8th Edition. U.S.: Prentice-Hall Kotler, P., (2010). Principles of Marketing: A South Asian Perspective, 13th Edition. India: Pearson Education
New Golf Ball Tracker Differentiation Analysis: Tracker Product. Tracker fits with the new technological footprint of multiple applications on a single mobile device. The performance of chip-fitted golf balls has been defined and accepted in the marketplace. Tracker effectively eclipses previously dedicated ball-tracking devices employing DIF and digital scanning/tracking. Placement. SkyCaddie SG5 GPS, which was once available as a dedicated GPS device, is now available as an application for Androids. Placement of Tracker will be congruent with this trend; however, threat of substitution is great. This is evident given the constellation of golf-related applications, such as range finding, driving distance, and score-keeping, tracking pro-tours, GPS course maps, and pro-advice. Integration of applications is standard, and barriers to entry are roughly equivalent across applications. Price. Tracker's affluent target market is unlikely to prefer low-end glasses to locate their lost golf balls. Tracker requires purchase of chip-fitted balls, with pricing points in the range of quality…...
mla References BallFinder Scout. (2006, April 24). Gizloco [Web]. Retrieved http://gizmodo.com/#!169088/golf-ball-finder-goes-hitech Hanlon, M. (2006, March 22). The BallFinder Scout electronic goofball finder, Gizmag. Retrieved http://www.gizmag.com/go/5549/ LaPedus, M. (2005, January 25). Radar golf claims breakthrough with RFID golf balls. Information Week. Retrieved / showArticle.jhtml?articleID=57703713 http://www.informationweek.com/story Lindsay, R. (2005, January 28). Back to chips, Geek.com [Web].Retrieved http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/rfid-chips-to-enable-golf-ball-tracking-20050128/
Science of Revenue Management fo Golf Envionment The Science of Revenue Management: Revenue Management -- RM is the appopiate application of infomation systems and picing stategies to assign the pecise capacity to the befitting custome at the ight location and at the ight time. Its use has spanned a wide ange of industies and is outinely applied to the ailine and hotel industy. Its use is cuently being extended to golf couses as the ultimate objective of RM is ensuing that the entepise geneates the maximum possible pofits taking into account the pesent custome demand and pice sensitivities. Application of RM techniques would ensue that cetain businesses equipped with sales foce ae able to augment evenue and pofitability as it offes an innovative pocedue to calculate maketing pefomance in a fesh and ceative manne. The technique also gives a baseline fo measuing the specific asset value of Sales Executive's time. Besides, it…...
mla reference: Siguawa, Judy A; Kimesb, Sheryl E; Gassenheimerc, Jule B. (2003) "B2B Sales Force productivity: Applications of revenue management strategies to sales management." Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 32, no. 2, pp: 539 -- 551. References Shared on Google+. View the post. You +1'd this publicly. Undo Acemicrotech. (n. d.) "Yield Management and the Golf Industry" Retrieved 6 November, 2012 from http://www.acemicrotech.com/resources/OpenCourse%20Yield%20Management%20Whitepaper.pdf
Ethnology of Golf Golf makes an interesting topic for an ethnology study because it brings people together who may belong to different subgroups and joins them in a new group, that of "golfers." Playing golf has rules for the game, but there are also social rules about how to behave while playing the game. Sometimes those who belong to the group called "golfers" assume a common background among all the players, and sometimes that assumption is misplaced. For my study interviewed two men who play golf at a local golf club. The two men are friends and often play together. One man is 34 and a graduate of Washington University. He is married with one child. He has played golf since he was 12, and is Caucasian. The other man is named George. He is 32 and a graduate of Stanford University. He was on the Stanford golf team and has…...
mla I asked Henry and George separately if they knew about that. Henry did not know, and although he feels he knows George fairly well, he did not know that golf had been played by Blacks for generations. Then I asked Henry. He did not know that a Black man had invented the golf tee, but he knew that Blacks had been playing golf, nearly invisibly, for the last century. His father had friends, all Black, who also played golf, and many of them had been taught to play by their fathers. I asked George if the women in his family played golf. He looked a little puzzled and said he knew of no female in his family with an interest in golf. In Henry's family, however, his wife, his sister and his mother all play golf. SOURCE: Avery, Sandra; Emert, Brandon; Hogan, Rico; Scarboro, Allen; and Wells, Keith. "Trimming the Greens and Mastering the Course: Newspaper Accounts of African-Americans and Golfing in the Home of the Masters." Department of Sociology, Augusta State University, Augusta, Georgia. Accessed via the Internet 6/20/05.
he start-up is a disaster for a boutique firm which has an "investment process that develops ideas and concepts" (Katz, L. et al., 2005). Beta would play a huge role in the marketing, distribution, and branding of this new firm, and even with "the recruitment of a management team with significant experience in the golf industry" (Katz, L. et al., 2005) the risk of misdirection and misallocation of capital are too great. Additionally, the competition in the industry would prove troublesome to advance a fledgling company, despite the models of Callaway and Odyssey. he acquisition also has a similar problem, notably that Beta would be entering the industry as a competitor to existing club companies, and would have responsibility to "try to revitalize the brand by introducing a new product line which incorporated Beta's HXL technology" (Katz, L. et al., 2005). his option presents too much financial commitment, some 60…...
mla The start-up is a disaster for a boutique firm which has an "investment process that develops ideas and concepts" (Katz, L. et al., 2005). Beta would play a huge role in the marketing, distribution, and branding of this new firm, and even with "the recruitment of a management team with significant experience in the golf industry" (Katz, L. et al., 2005) the risk of misdirection and misallocation of capital are too great. Additionally, the competition in the industry would prove troublesome to advance a fledgling company, despite the models of Callaway and Odyssey. The acquisition also has a similar problem, notably that Beta would be entering the industry as a competitor to existing club companies, and would have responsibility to "try to revitalize the brand by introducing a new product line which incorporated Beta's HXL technology" (Katz, L. et al., 2005). This option presents too much financial commitment, some 60 million dollars over three years to "revitalize a former leading golf brand" (Katz, L. et al., 2005). Of the remaining options: licensing or the original equipment manufacturer model (OEM). The OEM model constitutes another foray into manufacturing which Beta has done, but is not necessarily their best of use of capital or resources, however, this option at least does not require Beta to run a golf business. The license model would be ideal because it presents the least financial risk with the greatest benefit "a six to ten percent royalty" (Katz, L. et al., 2005) depending on exclusivity. The license model also plays to Beta's strengths: ideas and research and development, and presents little actual exposure of the firm's balance sheet or cash flow to the golf industry. What
resort our group chose is named "Sandals St. Lucia La Toc." Market structure of the main hotels and amenities - What sort of competition is there within the resort? Hotels of all different categories? Or mainly 3 * hotels causing quite a lot of competition at this level? Is it mainly international hotel chains or privately owned hotels? What effect would you expect this competition to have on prices in the resort? The Sandals La TOC Golf esort & Spa - Luxury All Inclusive is set on the beach and possesses hundreds of acres of the beautiful Caribbean sand. It is also not too far from the George F.L. Charles Airport, sitting as it does on the northwest tip of St. Lucia. It has been rated highly (between four to five stars -- by many content tourists. The resort offers a 9-hole golf course, 9 restaurants, three pools, unlimited land and water sports…...
mla References Caribseek (Tuesday, Dec 18th, 2012) News Caribbean Tourism Organization To Arrange Meetings With Regional Ministries And Technical Officials To Tackle Aviation Issues http://news.caribseek.com/index.php/caribbean-islands-news/caribbean-region-news/cto-news/item/32780-caribbean-tourism-organization-to-arrange-meetings-with-regional-ministries-and-technical-officials-to-tackle-aviation-issues CHALLENGES TO CARIBBEAN TOURISM http://www.eclac.org/portofspain/noticias/paginas/2/9792/issue14.pdf US News. Travel. Sandals La Toc Golf Resort & Spa
Building social skills and character in young children of all ages, genders and socioeconomic backgrounds through junior golf programs. Underserved youth have a difficult time finding themselves, discovering what they want to do in life. They may come from a bad neighborhood, live in a problematic household, and often endure large amount of stress on a daily basis. Some can handle it just fine, while others cannot. One thing that is noted at least in America, is the growing obesity epidemic hitting impoverished areas. Children and teens are growing up not going outside, not participating in any kind of physical activity, and developing health problems, mental problems frequently related to low self-esteem and lack of socialization skills. It is difficult at times for any youth to engage in something meaningful. This is especially true for children coming from a low socioeconomic status household. They may not find they can go outside and…...
mla References Ar-yuwat, S., Clark, M., Hunter, A., & James, K. (2013). Determinants of physical activity in primary school students using the health belief model. Journal Of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 2013(6), 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s40876 Bean, E., Whitley, M., & Gould, D. (2014). Athlete impressions of a character-based sports program for underserved youth. Journal Of Sport Behavior, 1-10. Campbell, J., Cothren, D., Rogers, R., Kistler, L., Osowski, A., Greenauer, N., & End, C. (2011). Sport fans' impressions of gay male athletes. Journal Of Homosexuality, 58(5), 597-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.563658 Kulesza, M., Grossbard, J., Kilmer, J., Copeland, A., & Larimer, M. (2014). Take one for the team? Influence of team and individual sport participation on high school athlete substance use patterns.Journal Of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 23(4), 217-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2013.786928
Junior golf programs provide a level of learning that instills confidence, ability, and aptitude to those who participate. Social cognitive theory provides a framework from which to advance a deeper understanding of learning and development. From communication and observation, youth who participate in junior golf programs formulate a sense of fairness, competitive spirit, and confidence that transcends the sport and continues on to school and other aspects of participants' lives. Along with learning, improving physical health via exercise can lead to positive changes both mentally and physically as seen in the Health Belief Model. This literature review aims to connect both social learning theory and the health belief model to the efficacy of junior golf programs and provide examples from previous studies that show the benefits of providing at-risk youth a positive outlet like sports. Effect of Sports Programs on Children/Teens Health Perceived Barriers of Physical Activity The health belief model helps identify…...
Further, getting the e-mail addresses of everyone that attended in the previous years and sending them invitations is also critical. A full PR plan that relies on social networking technologies is also critical (Bernoff, Li, 2008). Appendix I: Web 2.0 Technologies provides an overview of the social networking applications that can be used as part of the marketing strategy. As part of the social networking marketing strategy, a Facebook page will be created, blogs created by touring golf professionals who will be playing, and a Twitter account to update those following the event online. Budget: Marketing Strategy Component Costs Website and Facebook Development $3,500 Series of advertisements in Columbus. OH newspaper $3,000 Production of 60 second commercial for public television $4,000 Champion for Children Program Sponsorship Strategy $3,500 Banner Advertising on Local Columbus, OH Sites $1,500 Totals: $15,000 Explanation Marketing Strategy Component Website and Facebook Development - Using local web developer Wolf Creative (Cincinnati) to create a Facebook page and microsite to promote the event in addition…...
usiness Plan for Main Golfing Outlet Company Description Keys to Success Products and Services Marketing Plan Marketing Focus Retail Market Target Markets Web Success Golf is a game that can be enjoyed by anyone, regardless of size, shape, or age. For this reason, it has become one of the most popular sports and leisure activities in the United States. Main Golfing Outlet aims to target audiences of all ages, groups, skills and genders. Main Golfing Outlet chooses only the most technologically advanced golf clubs to sell to our valued customers. We are aware that there are many stores and websites that sell golfing merchandise. However, they do not cater to golfers of all skill levels and backgrounds. At Main Golfing Outlet, improving customers' games is our only business. We are dedicated to selling our customers the best products for their individual needs. With many years of experience, and a gentle approach in an unhurried environment, we will coach our…...
mla Bibliography Bhide Amar (1996), The Questions Every Entrepreneur Must Answer, Harvard Business Review, Boston Jr., Robert V. Delaney (1986), How to prepare an effective business plan, Amacon, New York. Rich, Stanley R & David E. Gumpert (1985), How to write a Winning Business Plan, Harvard Business Review, Boston Seaman, D. (April, 1995). Tap Into the Billion Dollar Golf Market: The Chiropractic Economics of Golf. Economics.
Exemplary Damges Clay Carpenter, a 48-year-old golfer in Fort Worth, Texas, was stabbed in the leg with a golf club during a brawl over whether one group could play ahead of another one on the course. He suffered a life-threatening injury when his femoral artery was punctured and sustained massive blood loss, and is in danger of losing his leg. The police were investigating the incident and criminal charges may be filed, although collecting for civil damages could be difficult since no insurance claims are involved. If a car accident had occurred then automobile insurance would have covered damage and injuries, while property insurance would have been in factor if the owners of the golf course had been responsible. In this case, though, the only legal remedy is through the law of torts related to assault and battery. A plaintiff will be able to bring a personal injury lawsuit, but the…...
mla REFERENCES Duffin, K. (2012). Golf Isn't Supposed to Be Dangerous, Is It? Big Bird Tree Services v. Gallegos. (2012). S.W.3d -, 2012 WL 966063 (Tex.App.-Dallas) Court of Appeals of Texas, Dallas. BIG BIRD TREE SERVICE, Appellant v. Julian GALLEGOS, Appellee. No. 05-10 00923 CV. March 22, 2012. On Appeal from the 298th Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas, Trial Court Cause No. 07-02008-M.
Sherlock Holmes is probably the most famous fictional detective in the English language. Known for his keen observational skills and ability to put together facts, Sherlock is still considered a genius detective. In fact, the ultimate detective continues to inspire mystery fans, everywhere. However, his creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle famously had a love-hate relationship with Holmes. In fact, he believed Holmes was preventing him from pursuing other characters in his writing and even killed him (and his mortal enemy, Moriarty) in a story, only to bring Holmes back to meet readers’ demands.....
1. Offer discounted rates or membership packages specifically for younger players to make the sport more accessible and affordable for them. 2. Host events or tournaments geared towards younger players, such as glow-in-the-dark night golf, themed costume contests, or music festivals. 3. Utilize social media platforms to promote the business and engage with younger audiences through creative and visually appealing content. 4. Partner with local schools or youth organizations to offer golf clinics or training programs for young players. 5. Offer innovative technology and amenities at the facility, such as virtual golf simulators, drone delivery services, or modern clubhouse amenities. 6. Create a welcoming and....
Attracting a Younger Demographic to Golf: Innovative Strategies for a Lasting Legacy The allure of golf has traditionally been associated with an older, affluent clientele. However, the future of the sport depends on attracting a younger generation of enthusiasts. Golf businesses must adopt innovative strategies to engage and captivate this emerging demographic. Here's a comprehensive guide to attracting a younger audience to golf: 1. Enhance the Golfing Experience: Create shorter, faster-paced formats: Offer variations such as 9-hole courses, speed golf, or glow-in-the-dark experiences to cater to limited time constraints and attention spans. Upgrade technology: Integrate GPS tracking, smartphone apps, and virtual reality....
There are several ways that golf businesses can differentiate themselves to attract more customers in a competitive market: 1. Exceptional customer service: Providing top-notch customer service can set a golf business apart from its competitors. This includes being attentive to customers' needs, greeting them with a friendly smile, and going above and beyond to make their experience memorable. 2. Unique offerings: Offer unique amenities or services that are not available at other golf courses, such as themed events, special packages, or exclusive access to certain facilities. 3. Social media presence: Utilize social media platforms to showcase the golf course, promote events, and engage....
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Golf is a sport that involves using clubs to hit a small ball into a series of holes on a course. The objective of the game is to complete the course in as few strokes as possible. Golf is traditionally played on courses with 18 holes, but there are also courses with 9 holes. Golf is a popular recreational activity and has been played competitively for over a century. It requires skill, strategy, and patience, and is often enjoyed for its social aspects and the opportunity to spend time in scenic outdoor settings.
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Here's one way to do it (if you're a tour pro): Demark's Andreas Harto missed the cut at a European tour stop, but popped the question post-round.
Someday, you might make her a golf widow (or him a golf widower), but for now you’d like to make her your golf wife. All you need is the right way to pop the question. You know, like a sweet, golf-themed proposal. Here are 9 methods that worked out pretty well.
1. PRACTICE ROUND, REAL PROPOSAL
He was in love with a young woman named Andrea. He was also really fond of Justin Thomas. What sounds like the makings of a bad romcom turned out to be a very lovely moment at the Wells Fargo Championship, where JT took a break from a practice round to help the man propose to his girlfriend by handing her a golf ball marked with the words, “Will you?” She said yes. The trio then engaged in a group hug.
SHE SAID YES. @JustinThomas34 helped a couple at @WellsFargoGolf create a memory that will last a lifetime. #LiveUnderPar pic.twitter.com/QvdCdRtmC7 — PGA TOUR (@PGATOUR) May 2, 2018
2. MERRY CHRISTMAS, MARRY ME
He was the head professional at Whistling Straits . She was a public relations manager at the resort. They met above the 18th green at media day prior to the 2004 PGA Championship. By December 2005, having made up his mind and mustered up his nerve, Mike O’Reilly spent the afternoon spelling “Will You Marry Me” in Christmas lights on the 18th green. It was freezing cold. At one point, he shorted out the circuit and had to bring more power down to the green. Then he called Beth Keough and told her that his car wasn’t starting. When she came to pick him up, he suggested that they take a stroll to see the moon over the lake. When they got to the spot of their first meeting, he urged her to turn around and face the clubhouse. During that diversion, he switched on the lights. When she turned back around, he was standing on the green, ring in hand.
3. A QUESTION UNLIKE ANY OTHER
During Masters week, there are birdie roars and there are eagle roars. And then there are the cheers that rise from Amen Corner when a guy gets down on one knee and asks his girlfriend for her hand in marriage. The guy was Benji Thompson, a former LPGA Tour caddie. His girlfriend was Regan Askin. The romantic scene ( which you can watch here ) took place in 2017 on the 12th tee.
4. I LIKE SOFT SEVEN, BUT I LOVE YOU
For Ladies European Tour pro Ashleigh Simon, the final round of the 2015 Dubai Ladies Masters was winding down, but a new phase of her life was about to begin. On the 18th green, her longtime caddie and boyfriend David Buhai got down on one knee as a message flashed on the leaderboard, surrounded by red hearts. Aww!
5. TEEING IT UP FOR HER AT A TOPGOLF
If you have a decent understanding of the golf swing, you’ll surely notice that the woman in this video is a rank beginner. You’ll also soon discover that her boyfriend isn’t really trying to help by teeing up a ball for her. What he’s teeing up is an engagement ring.
6. THIS GUY IS GOOD
There’s just one problem with trying to replicate how Andreas Harto proposed marriage: You have to become a Tour pro first.
7. HOW TO ONE-UP A HOLE IN ONE
“There’s only so much excitement a person can take,” Hayley Milbourn, 29, of Baltimore, Md., told GOLF.com’s Jessica Marksbury recently . “I get a hole-in-one, and that’s really exciting, and then all the sudden, you turn around and you’re getting engaged. I don’t know what could top that.” Um, maybe an albatross followed by a proposal? But, yeah, we hear you, Hayley — that’s a pretty great day.
8. SHE BLOCKS HER DRIVE, HE HITS THE SWEET SPOT
She didn’t look to happy with her tee shot, but her expression changed when she turned around and saw her boyfriend kneeling before her. It’s unclear if they bothered to finish the hole.
9. IT’S IN THE HOLE!
Jim Nantz she is not, but the whispering narrator in this video helps set the stage for a dramatic moment at Bandon Dunes, where a man named Phillippe proposes to his girlfriend, Heidi, by hiding a ring for her in the 18th hole.
If you’re a couple who likes to play golf together, a proposal on the green is a great proposal idea ! Perfect for Spring or Summer, a Golf Course proposal done right can be perfect for the two of you. Celebrate your love for the game, and each other, by using one of our golf course proposal ideas.
Spell out your proposal with a sign held by friends or family. Have them waiting at a scenic spot on the course and lead your partner to them. Have your ring in your pocket in a thin engagement ring box like the one at www.ringstash.com and ready to go once your partner notices the message!
The 18 th is traditionally the last playable hole in a round of golf. Unless you have a number that holds special meaning for you as a couple (in which case you might propose at the hole that corresponds to that number), you should consider proposing at the end of the game. Why? After a long day in the sun, it would make sense to be able to celebrate your engagement right away rather than continuing on with the game. Take your partner somewhere special for a champagne toast, or have a surprise waiting for them in the clubhouse.
Think outside the box and use the Golf Course as a venue. Land a helicopter on it like Abe hired us to do (see picture above and read about it here ) or have something totally unexpected like a Flash Mob at the golf course!
Thinking about proposing at a Golf Course? Contact the proposal experts at The Heart Bandits to plan a flawless proposal for you and take away all the stress that comes with planning such a big event.
Proposal Planning offered worldwide Email: [email protected] Toll Free: (800) 520-5972 Direct Line: (714) 366-5933 Contact Form: The Heart Bandits Contact
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The USGA and R&A Announce Golf Equipment Research Topics and Proposed Equipment Standards Changes. February 2, 2021 by Stefan Taylor. Research topics include potential Local Rule and review of club and ball specifications. to help mitigate continuing distance increasesProposed changes to current Equipment Standards on club length, test ...
The delivery of research topics related to hitting distances and golf's sustainability was delayed in 2020 to allow the golf industry to focus on the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The Areas of Interest notice, sent on Monday to golf equipment manufacturers, follows the conclusions of the Distance Insights Report delivered last February.
Master the art of choosing impactful research proposal topics with our comprehensive guide. Elevate your research journey now!
The Areas of Interest notice, sent on Monday to golf equipment manufacturers, follows the conclusions of the Distance Insights Report delivered last February. It is the first step of the established Equipment Rulemaking Procedures, which give the opportunity for golf's stakeholders to provide research and perspectives on topics that might lead to equipment Rules changes.
To help inspire your next golf essay, here are 108 topic ideas and examples to get you started: The History of Golf: From its origins in Scotland to its global popularity today. The Mental Game of Golf: How to stay focused and confident on the course.
Have some ⛳ opinions on golf? Topics on this sport are easy to get. ️ Check our list! Here we have collected numerous original golf essay topics examples.
The R&A and USGA announce golf equipment research topics and proposed changes Proposed changes to current Equipment Standards on club length, testing conditions for golf ball testing and ...
A call for research proposals will be issued in May and submissions reviewed by a group of researchers, practitioners and experts working in the field of golf course and turfgrass management. The successful applicants will be announced at the 15 th International Turfgrass Research Conference being held in Japan next year.
The ARC HBCU Ideas lab was funded by the NSF HBCU-Excellence in Research program in the Research Capacity and Competitiveness section. The focus of the ARC-HBCU program is to promote diversity and inclusion in research, enhance the research capacity of HBCUs and foster collaboration among faculty, students and industry partners.
Looking 👀 for writing prompts about golf? Find your source of inspiration here! 🌟 We've collected 🔝 golf essay ideas, research questions, topic sentences, hooks, & more to boost your writing!
Find out what a research proposal is and when you should write it. This article also has expert tips and advice on how to write one, along with research proposal examples.
500+ Sports Research Topics. March 26, 2024. by Muhammad Hassan. Sports research topics cover a vast array of areas in the world of athletics, from the physical and psychological impacts of sport on athletes to the social and cultural implications of sports on society. Sports research can include studies on training techniques, nutrition ...
Learn how to write a research proposal for a dissertation or thesis. Includes loads of examples plus our free research proposal template.
Payments to Research Participants. The Paying Research Study Participants guide provides several traditional and non-traditional payment methods for payments to research subjects. The guide lists payment options, an order of preference, reference information, contacts for questions, and other guidance for when and how to use each.
Thank you, Chair Gensler. Today, the Commission is adopting a change in the required minimum pricing increments—also known as the "tick size"—for expressions of trading interests in national market system (NMS) stocks. In addition, the Commission is reducing access fee caps and requiring more transparency of certain better priced orders.
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A research proposal systematically and transparently outlines a proposed research project. The purpose of a research proposal is to demonstrate a project's viability and the researcher's preparedness to conduct an academic study. It serves as
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All you need is the right way to pop the question. You know, like a sweet, golf-themed proposal. Here are 9 methods that worked out pretty well. 1. PRACTICE ROUND, REAL PROPOSAL. He was in love ...
If you're a couple who likes to play golf together, a proposal on the green is a great proposal idea! Perfect for Spring or Summer, a Golf Course proposal done right can be perfect for the two of you. Celebrate your love for the game, and each other, by using one of our golf course proposal ideas.
Golf Course Proposal Ideas If you're a couple who likes to play golf together, a proposal on the green is a great proposal idea! Perfect for Spring or Summer, a Golf Course proposal done right can be perfect for the two of you. Celebrate your love for the game, and each other, by using one of our golf course proposal ideas.