geographical features of rajasthan essay

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What type of vegetation is found in Rajasthan?

Where is rajasthan located, in which year did rajasthan start the panchayat raj system, what is rajasthan's climate.

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Table Of Contents

The predominant vegetation of Rajasthan is scrub jungle. Toward the west of the state, there are typical arid-zone plants, such as tamarisk (genus Tamarix) and false tamarisk (genus Myricaria). Trees are scarce, limited to the areas in the Aravallis and the eastern part of the state. Less than 10 percent of Rajasthan is under forest cover.

The state of Rajasthan is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. It is bounded to the north and northeast by the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana, to the east and southeast by Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, to the southwest by Gujarat, and to the west and northwest by the provinces of Sindh and Punjab in Pakistan.

Rajasthan was the first state in India to experiment at the village level with panchayat raj (rule by the panchayat, or village council). It was enacted in 1959. The system, embracing the concepts of the importance of traditional village institutions in Indian society espoused by Mahatma Gandhi, created within the state three levels of local government based on elected village panchayats.

Rajasthan's climate is varied, from extremely arid to humid. June is the warmest, rising from the mid-80s F (about 30 °C) to nearly 110 °F (low 40s C). The daily maximum temperatures in January range from the upper 60s to mid-70s F (low to mid-20s C), while minimum temperatures are in the mid-40s F (about 7 °C).

What is the capital of Rajasthan?

The capital city of Rajasthan is Jaipur , in the east-central part of the state. The city is known for its beauty, and it is unique in its straight-line planning. Its buildings are predominantly rose-coloured, and it is sometimes called the “Pink City.”

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geographical features of rajasthan essay

Rajasthan , state of northwestern India , located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent . It is bounded to the north and northeast by the states of Punjab and Haryana , to the east and southeast by the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh , to the southwest by the state of Gujarat , and to the west and northwest by the provinces of Sindh and Punjab in Pakistan . The capital city is Jaipur , in the east-central part of the state.

Rajasthan, meaning “The Abode of the Rajas,” was formerly called Rajputana , “The Country of the Rajputs ” (sons of rajas [princes]). Before 1947, when India achieved independence from British rule, it comprised some two dozen princely states and chiefships, the small British-administered province of Ajmer-Merwara, and a few pockets of territory outside the main boundaries. After 1947 the princely states and chiefships were integrated into India in stages, and the state took the name Rajasthan. It assumed its present form on November 1, 1956, when the States Reorganization Act came into force. Area 132,139 square miles (342,239 square km). Pop. (2011) 68,621,012.

The Aravalli (Aravali) Range forms a line across the state running roughly from Guru Peak on Mount Abu (5,650 feet [1,722 metres]), near the town of Abu in the southwest, to the town of Khetri in the northeast. About three-fifths of the state lies northwest of that line, leaving the remaining two-fifths in the southeast. Those are the two natural divisions of Rajasthan. The northwestern tract is generally arid and unproductive, although its character shifts gradually from desert in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land toward the east. The region includes the Thar (Great Indian) Desert .

The southeastern area lies at a somewhat higher elevation (330 to 1,150 feet [100 to 350 metres]) than its northwestern counterpart; it also is more fertile and has a more-diverse topography . The hilly tract of Mewar lies in the southern region, while a broad plateau stretches across the southeast. In the northeast a rugged badlands region follows the line of the Chambal River . Farther north, the landscape levels out into flat plains that are part of the alluvial basin of the Yamuna River .

Chandigarh. Statuettes at the Rock Garden of Chandigarh a sculpture park in Chandigarh, India, also known as Nek Chand's Rock Garden. Created by Nek Chand Saini an Indian self taught artist. visionary artist, folk artist, environmental art

The Aravallis form Rajasthan’s most-important watershed. To the east of the range, the Chambal River —the only large and perennial stream in the state—and other waterways generally drain toward the northeast. The principal tributary of the Chambal, the Banas River , rises in the Aravallis near the great Kumbhalgarh hill fort and collects all the drainage of the Mewar plateau. Farther north, the Banganga, after rising near Jaipur , flows east toward the Yamuna before disappearing. The Luni is the only significant river west of the Aravallis. It rises near the city of Ajmer in central Rajasthan and flows some 200 miles (320 km) west-southwest into the Rann of Kachchh in Gujarat state. Northeast of the Luni basin is an area of internal drainage characterized by salt lakes, the largest of which is Sambhar Salt Lake . Farther to the west lies the true Marusthali (“Land of the Dead”), the barren wastelands and areas of sand dunes that form the heart of the Thar Desert.

In the vast, sandy, and arid northwestern region, soils are predominantly saline or alkaline. Water is scarce but is found at a depth of 100 to 200 feet (30 to 60 metres). The soil and sand are calcareous (chalky). Nitrates in the soil increase its fertility, and cultivation is often possible where adequate water supplies are made available.

The soils in central Rajasthan are also sandy; clay content varies between 3 and 9 percent. In the east the soils vary from sandy loam to loamy sand. In the southeast they are in general black and deep and are well drained. In the south-central region the tendency is toward a mixture of red and black soils in the east and a range of red to yellow soils in the west.

Rajasthan has a wide range of climate that varies from extremely arid to humid. The humid zone spans the southeast and east. Except in the hills, the heat during the summer is intense everywhere, with temperatures in June—the warmest month—typically rising from the mid-80s F (about 30 °C) to nearly 110 °F (low 40s C) daily. Hot winds and dust storms occur in the summer, especially in the desert tract. In January—the coolest of the winter months—daily maximum temperatures range from the upper 60s to the mid-70s F (low to mid-20s C), while minimum temperatures are generally in the mid-40s F (about 7 °C). The western desert has little rain, averaging about 4 inches (100 mm) annually. In the southeast, however, some areas may receive almost 20 inches (500 mm). Southeastern Rajasthan benefits from both the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches of the southwest (summer) monsoon winds, which bring the bulk of the annual rainfall.

The predominant vegetation of Rajasthan is scrub jungle. Toward the west there are typical arid-zone plants, such as tamarisk (genus Tamarix ) and false tamarisk (genus Myricaria ). Trees are scarce, limited mostly to small, scattered forest areas in the Aravallis and in the eastern part of the state. Less than 10 percent of Rajasthan is under forest cover.

A number of notable large mammals are regular residents of Rajasthan. Tigers are found primarily in the Aravallis. Leopards , sloth bears , Indian sambar (dark brown Indian deer), and chital (spotted deer) occur in the hills and forests. Nilgais (bluebucks; large antelope) are also found in parts, and blackbucks are numerous in the plains. Common birds include snipes, quail , partridges, and wild ducks; they occur everywhere except in the desert. The northwestern part of the state is well known for several species of sandgrouse .

Numerous sanctuaries and wildlife parks have been established in the state. Among the most important of those are Sariska National Park (established 1955), near Alwar in the northeast; Desert National Park (1980), near Jaisalmer in western Rajasthan; and Keoladeo Ghana National Park (1981), in the eastern part of the state near Bharatpur—the latter designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985.

Essay on Rajasthan

Students are often asked to write an essay on Rajasthan in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Rajasthan

Introduction.

Rajasthan, a state in India, is known for its rich culture and heritage. It’s famous for its palaces, forts, and deserts.

Rajasthan’s culture is vibrant and colorful. It’s known for its folk music, dance, and art. The state’s traditional attire is also very unique.

Tourist Attractions

Rajasthan is home to many historical sites and monuments. Some of the popular ones are Jaipur’s Hawa Mahal, Udaipur’s Lake Palace, and Jaisalmer’s Golden Fort.

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250 Words Essay on Rajasthan

Rajasthan, located in the northwestern part of India, is a state renowned for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance. It is a land of vibrant colors, majestic forts, and a thriving folk culture that vividly encapsulates the spirit of India.

Historical Significance

Rajasthan’s history is a saga of valor and chivalry. It was ruled by the Rajputs for centuries, who left an indelible mark on the region’s culture and architecture. The state’s historical cities, like Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Udaipur, are replete with grand palaces and forts that narrate tales of the glorious past.

Cultural Heritage

Rajasthan’s cultural heritage is as diverse as it is vibrant. The state is famous for its traditional music and dance forms, such as Ghoomar and Kalbeliya. The colourful attire, exquisite jewellery, and unique handicrafts add to the state’s cultural richness. The lively fairs and festivals, like the Pushkar Camel Fair and the Desert Festival, attract tourists from across the globe.

Rajasthan’s economy is primarily agricultural, but it also has a significant industrial sector. The state is the largest producer of wool in India and is known for its textile industry. In addition, Rajasthan is rich in mineral resources, including marble, gypsum, and zinc.

Rajasthan is a state that beautifully blends tradition with modernity. Its rich history, vibrant culture, and diverse economy make it a fascinating study for students of history, culture, and economics. The state’s charm lies in its ability to preserve its past while embracing the future, making it an epitome of the Indian spirit.

500 Words Essay on Rajasthan

Rajasthan, the land of kings and the largest state in India, is a vibrant amalgamation of colors, culture, and history. Its rich heritage, diverse flora and fauna, and the warmth of its people make it a fascinating study.

Rajasthan’s history is marked by the rule of several powerful kingdoms, each leaving an indelible imprint on its cultural fabric. The Rajputs, known for their chivalry and valor, ruled over Rajasthan for centuries, building magnificent forts and palaces that stand as a testament to their architectural genius. The influence of Mughal and British rule also shaped Rajasthan’s socio-political landscape, adding layers of complexity to its history.

Cultural Diversity

Geographical features.

Rajasthan’s geography is as diverse as its culture. The Aravalli Range, one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, bisects the state into two geographical entities – the Thar Desert to the west and fertile plains to the east. The state is also home to several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, including Ranthambore and Sariska, which house a diverse range of flora and fauna.

Economic Landscape

The economy of Rajasthan is multifaceted, with agriculture, mining, and tourism being the major contributors. The state is the largest producer of oilseeds, wool, and sandstone in India. The rich mineral resources, including marble and garnet, contribute significantly to the state’s economy. Tourism, driven by the state’s rich heritage and natural beauty, also plays a crucial role in its economic growth.

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Geography Of Rajasthan

The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River, although a series of broken ridges continues into Haryana in the direction of Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the Raisina Hill and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction.

The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region are covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and known as the gateway of thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain in an average year. Temperatures can sometimes exceed 54 °C in the summer months or 129 degrees Fahrenheit and drop below freezing in the winter. The Ghaggar River, which originates in Haryana, is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive Saraswati river.

The Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 metres (5,650 ft) in height, to Khetri in the northeast. This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The area includes the Thar Desert. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. in the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast, a large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland. To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River. Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of an alluvial basin. Merta City lies in the geographical centre of Rajasthan.

Geography & History of Rajasthan

Geography of rajasthan.

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Reconfiguring the Historical Landscape of Rajasthan Essays for G.S.L. Devra

2021, Reconfiguring the Historical Landscape of Rajasthan: Essays for Prof. GSL Devra, Eds. Mayank Kumar, Suraj Bhan Bhardwaj, R. P. Bahuguna and Sangeeta Sharma, Aakar Books, New Delhi, 2021, (ISBN 978-93-5002-693-9)

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MAYANK KUMAR

Recent writings have questioned the conventional portrayal of nature as benevolent and suggested that vagaries of monsoon necessitated regular negotiations to ensure agrarian production at multiple levels especially during early modern times in the semi-arid and arid landscape of Rajasthan. It is generally assumed that most of the negotiations were carried out by the peasantry, and political apparatus was usually a mere spectator or at best provided relief during severe scarcity. This article argues that political authorities were accom-modative in their attitude towards the implications of inherent dynamism of the physical environment. Therefore, if not by choice then definitely under compulsions of natural exigencies, the ruling elites were forced to make preventive interventions by extending support to the peasantry in their negotiations with the environment.

RAM BILAS MISRA

PREFACE Uniqueness has got its own significance, like the concept of God, as asserts the Vedas “Eko Brihmà, dvitteeyo nasti”, i.e. there is only one God and no second; but, at times, conjugal effect is more productive. Both beliefs of Adam and Eva in Western culture as well as the concept of “Ardh–Nareeshwar” form of Lord Shivà in Oriental myth were desirable for creation of life. Likewise, the uni-character of both the rivers Ganges and Yamuna did not attract much, but their union made better impact. Sprouting of the third underwater current in the name of Saraswati added immense glory to above union. Convergence of three rivers in Sanskrit is called Prayag There are many such ‘spots’ in India and abroad, especially in the Himalayas, such as Dev Prayag, Karn Prayag, Rudrà Prayag etc. but the one formed by the confluence of above three sacred rivers has been termed as ‘Teerthraj Prayag’, i.e. the ‘King of all Teerthas (shrines)’, or briefly Prayagraj. Wide spate of both Ganges and Yamuna in plains providing enough expanses on their banks to accommodate lakhs (tens of thousands) of people definitely adds its scenic beauty. May be, because of this rare feature, Prayagraj has ever attracted larger congregation of people. As such, Teerthraj Prayag (now onward called Prayag only) has ever fascinated saints, pilgrims, traders, tourists, scholars since immemorial times. There is another story adding more relevance to Prayagraj. Churning of oceans by devatas (deities) and demons discovered 14 gems. One of these was an urn full of nectar. While devatas and demons were trying to get hold of the urn, few drops fell out of it at this spot (called Triveni Sangam). Every year when the sun crosses the line of Capricorn usually on January 14 (with some rare exceptions) the saints and Rishis etc. visit Teerthraj Prayag to have a holy dip in Sangam. As described by celebrated Hindi poet Saint Tulsidas in his epic ‘Ram Charit Manas’: “Magh makar gati Ravi jab hoee ! Teerath–patihi aav sab koee”. He further emphasizes importance of Prayagraj because of the learned scholar Rishi Bharadwaj’s stay there: “Bharadwaj rishi basahin Prayaga ! Tahan ke log sakal bad bhaga !!” In 1575 A.D., the Muslim rulers renamed the city as Ilahabad after Allah, which was later anglicized in Roman script as Allahabad, i.e. the place of god. However, the village folk and many Hindu devotees are still more conversant with its ancient name Prayagraj. The emperor Harshavardhan with his kingdom at Kannauj – now a district of its own (but earlier a part of Farukhabad district in U.P.) used to visit Prayagraj at the time of Makar Sankranti and used to donate all his belongings including his own apparels to the poor masses. Thereafter, his (elder widow) sister Rajyashri used to offer her scarf to the emperor to cover up his body. This congregation of pilgrims gave rise to four world-famous Kumbh Melas organized every 12 years at each of the places: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Nasik and Ujjain. Remarkably, Kumbh Mela at Prayagraj is the world’s biggest assembly of people on this planet. Last time (in the year 2013), more than 120 million pilgrims visited Triveni Sangam. It seems that the author’s arrival at Prayagraj on 5.4.1963, as a Mathematics research student, was pre–destined. [Quotes from Ref. 5: It was revealed to me, by my father, much later in 1973 (after my return from Germany) that I was a gifted child to them by Rishi Bharadwaj (of Prayagraj), who would summon me to his Ashram (place), blessing me with a teaching job there (in the University of Allahabad) and a shelter for us. My father’s agony was that like others, having built a house in city (Allahabad) I too may not be interested any more to build a pucca (concrete) house for them in our native village. Along with fellow villagers, he had made a pilgrimage to Prayagraj sometimes in 1940 (before my birth). Naturally, the group visited the Ashram of Rishi Bharadwaj (now surrounded within the locality of Colonelganj, Allahabad opposite Anand Bhawan – an ancestral house of ‘Nehrus’ built by late Shri Moti Lal Nehru). A member of the group (Shri Chhotey Lal) prostrated before the deity and was taking long. When asked by other members of the group to get up, he protested and demanded that unless the deity blesses the young man (Hardwari Lal) with a child, he would not get up. On repeated assurances of the senior members of the visiting group advising him that the deity has conceded his request, Chhotey Lal gave up his protest. My father added that after a couple of months, I was born affirming his belief to have been blessed by the deity. However, my mother ever believed that I was gifted to her by the goddess of Dakolia, a village near Jarwal Road in Bahraich district of U.P. on the banks of river Saryu. I really find myself in a fix for varied reasons. Having studied for 4 years at Lucknow, I had developed a liking for Avadhi culture. Because of compulsions, I had to migrate to Allahabad for my research career; where I had no near relatives, I always felt secluded at Allahabad in the beginning. I hardly developed any liking for Allahabad, which is still dominated by a different culture. On several occasions, I left Allahabad and joined other Universities at Surat and Rewa in India and also abroad but my hidden bonds with Allahabad always brought me back there. The area where I built my “Tensor” house (in Ramanand Nagar locality better known by the old village named ‘Allahpur’) was submerged in the belt of Ganges, which used to wash the outskirts of Rishi Bharadwaj’s Ashram in ancient times. After my superannuation from A.P.S. University, Rewa (M.P.) we moved back to Lucknow in July 2002. Thus, a long association of more than 40 years with Allahabad carved a niche in my heart and mind both]. Though I never composed any poetry after my 12th class but my hidden attachment to the city (Allahabad) unintentionally flows out as: “सुहृद वृन्द, सज्जन पुरुष, क्षल प्रपंच से दूर ! मन ह्वै जात अजौ वहीं वा संगम के तीर !!” Having paid homage to my mathematics brethren at Allahabad in my earlier article [Ref. 7] I now turn towards my own community, at large, whose brave hearts enriched the land of great Rishis and scholars in almost every walk of life. The reportage comprises of eleven chapters. The first one presents the background of the author. The next one dwells upon the Brahmins pioneering in different walks of life at Allahabad. Arranged in alphabetical order, it starts with academicians, administrators (both in Civil & Police services and in other domains), ambassadors, artists, astrologers, educationists, freedom fighters, jurists, litterateurs, mayors, medical doctors, politicians, religious and spiritual leaders, rulers, scientists, student leaders, Vice-Chancellors etc. and ends with writers. Honourable Chief Justices and Judges of Allahabad High Court have been detailed in 3rd and 4th chapters respectively. The 5th Chapter enlists the alumnae of University of Allahabad, who shined elsewhere like Saraswati of Triveni Sangam sprouting as Chhipra at Ujjain and the 6th one presents prominent Brahmin Kings and Rulers from the community all over the world. Great Revolutionaries, social reformers and the record–setters of being the ‘Firsts’ in different spheres are included in the 7th Chapter. Next chapter (in the form of Appendix) includes those not directly connected to Prayag but were its great admirers contributing indirectly for creation of this reportage. It also includes few great scholars of Allahabad like Prof. Megh Nad Saha and Prof. Nil Ratnà Dhar (a legendary scientist) who narrowly missed their Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry respectively. Even if they might have not born in Brahmin families but their deeds uplifted them like Maharishi Vishwàmitrà (elevating himself from Kashtriyà to Brahmin’s category). Besides them, three mathematicians: Dr. Gorakh Prasad, Prof. R.S. Varma and Prof. Kripa Shankar Shuklà (of Lucknow University having taught me at Lucknow) whose excellent mathematical texts sharpened my inquisitive mind and two valuable mentor–like senior colleagues (Prof. Heera Lal Nigam and Dr. Shri Ram Sinha) have also been included therein. Generosity exhibited by the last two for my academic uplift shall ever be remembered by me. Their noble deeds elevated their image in my mind of a kind hearted Brahmin soul even if they did not have their roots in that community. Chapter 9 includes 627 abbreviations used in the text for brevity. Author has frequently consulted the literature available on internet and expresses his gratitude to their authors. However, few References find their mention in Chapter 10. The last chapter (Index) enlists all the 754 entries appearing in the text in alphabetical order. A number of photographs (some of them being rare and depicting the emotional moments) are also displayed against the respective entries.

nehrumemorial.com

Kiran Sangve

Conservation and Society

The issue of claims over natural resources has been debated for a long time. With its growing powers, the state has increasingly claimed prior proprietary rights over natural resources. It is generally proposed that traditional societies were able to resolve the issue of claims over ...

abhinav kataria

Shak Bahadur Budhathoki , Pratyoush Onta

This is the first draft of a bibliography of works done by Indian scholars on themes related to Nepal. We started with a short bibliography prepared by Pratyoush Onta while he was researching the status of area studies in India during the year 2000 and enlarged it through new research and compilation. Sources consulted included relevant books, edited volumes, academic journals published from India, Nepal, and elsewhere, occasional paper series published by various research centers and universities, and relevant dissertation databases. We also did research at the Tribhuvan University Central Library (TUCL), and the libraries of the Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies (CNAS) and Martin Chautari. We consulted the online catalogs of the US Library of Congress (catalog.loc.gov) and World Catalog (www.worldcat.org) and did research in the online archives of JSTOR (www.jstor.org/) and Google Scholar (scholar.google.com). We also contacted several individuals and asked for lists of their relevant publications and details about dissertations that had been completed in their universities. This bibliography is incomplete in several ways. First, relevant entries in the theme covered are missing simply because we did not have access to that information. This might especially be true for MA, MPhil and PhD dissertations done by Indian scholars on subjects related to Nepal in universities in India, elsewhere in South Asia and beyond. Also we had access to a limited number of journals published from India and it is possible that more writings by Indian scholars on Nepal have been published in other Indian journals. Second, this bibliography mostly covers work done since India gained its independence in 1947. Hence, works that were done in earlier periods are missing. Third, our focus has been on core social science disciplines. So, works written from disciplines in the humanities are missing. Perhaps even some other social science disciplines might have been under‐represented in this bibliography. Based on this draft bibliography, we can say that Indian scholarship on Nepal is quite substantial in volume. Hundreds of books, edited volumes, journal articles and occasional papers have been published in the last 65‐70 years. The themes that have dominated Indian scholarship related to Nepal include political history, Indo‐Nepal diplomatic and trade relations, trans‐border migration, challenges of regional cooperation, and hydro‐related politics. There is very little engagement with the substantial amount of social science writings (especially anthropological) available on Nepal by non‐South Asian scholars in Indian scholarship on Nepal. Research by Indian sociologists and anthropologists on Nepal is virtually absent. All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the entries given herein. However there might still be inadvertent errors in them. We would appreciate suggestions regarding any corrections that need to be made in the entries given here and additions of relevant items missing in this edition of the bibliography. Such suggestions should be sent to us at either [email protected] or [email protected]. Relevant and correct additional information will be incorporated in revised editions of this bibliography in future.

Vimal Mishra

delhihighcourt.nic.in

Nakul Makhija

Rana P.B. SINGH

Indian Geographers have been working on varied themes like History of Geography in India, Environment and Resource, Geomorphology, Land Use and Agriculture, Rural and Regional Development, Urban Geography, Population Geography, Historical-Cultural Geography, Political Geography, Geography of Gender and Geography of Himalaya. Geomatics has also emerged as a new branch of geography and involves the use of traditional spatial techniques used in cartography and topography and their application to computers. The progress of Indian Geographers in last four years viz. 2012-2016 has been creditable. The focus of Indian geographers has shifted towards the contemporary global issues and initiatives like Disaster Risk Reduction by UNISDR, Sustainable Development Goals, Habitat III by UN, COP21 by UNFCC, Urban Health and Wellbeing, Future Earth Initiative by ICSU and International Year of Global Understanding by ICSU, ISSC and CIPSH. The environmental geographers made much of the contribution in the field of climate change, urban environment, land use change, forest and biodiversity. The themes like water resource, wetlands, mountains, resource conservation and management are other research areas. Under the theme of regional planning and development, geographers have focussed on issues like urban and industrial development, resource scarcity, education, health and service area based regional planning. The issues which dominated the theme of population geography were population composition, fertility trends, migration, health and gender. These are presented in the thematic chapters, sponsored under INSA and edited by Prof. R.B. Singh, Vice-President IGU; contact: [email protected]

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Sections on Rajasthan:

Introduction.

Art & Culture
Division & Districts

Personalities

Infrastructure.

Rajasthan has deep historical roots with sites of ancient Indus Valley Civilization (Kalibangan), Vedic Civilization being located in the state. During medieval times, the province reached its glory being witness to many decisive wars and tales of bravery and sacrifice available from every corner of the state.

Prithvi Raj Chouhan, Maharana Partap from the place are not just local heroes but heroes revered in every part of India and famous world-wide.

The modern state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana was merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur, which is also known as Pink City. Other important cities are Jodhpur, Kota, Udaipur, Bikaner and Ajmer.

Geographically, the state is dominated by stretches of Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range. While, the Thar Desert occupies the most of the northwestern portion of state, the Aravalli’s serve as climate divide running from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other restricting the growth and dominance of desert.

It is is also home to three national tiger reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur, Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota and Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar.

The state has exhibited spectacular progress in harnessing of mineral resources, agricultural production, development of road transport and communication, and the production of energy resources from fossil fuels to solar power but the rate of economic progress have been slowed to a large extent by growth human population and low levels of human development.

Rajasthan History

The history of human settlement in Rajasthan is almost as old as any other part of India. A survey of the Banas and its tributaries the Gambhiri, the Viraj, and Wagan has provided evidences that man lived along the banks of these rivers at least 100,000 years ago.

The present day districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar , along with other areas of Jaipur district bordering south Haryana , formed the part of Vedic state of Brahmavarta.

Section: History Subsections: Ancient History (Till 1200 CE) — Medieval History (1200 A.D. to 1707 A.D.) — Modern History (1707-1947) — Battles in Rajasthan

Rajasthan Art & Culture

Rajasthan has a rich heritage of its peculiar Art Culture & Architecture. Many of these art forms have survived through ages and are even part of present culture.

Section: Art & Culture Subsections: Paintings — Folk Art — Handicrafts — Fairs & Festivals — Folk Dances — Music Instruments —

Administration

The state of Rajasthan has been divided into 7 divisions, these divisions include within them group of districts. In total there are 33 districts in the state. Each of the districts is divided into Sub-division consisting of Tehsils, sub-tehsils and villages.

Section: Polity & Administration Subsections: Government Schemes — Districts —-

Divisions in Rajasthan

Division	Districts
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Demography of Rajasthan

According to the 2011 Census of India, Rajasthan has a total population of 68,548,437. The largest city by population is Jaipur , followed by Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer and Udaipur .

Eminent personalities have blessed the lands of Rajasthan State.

Subsection: Historical Heroes — Bhakti Saints — Freedom Fighters — Sportspersons — Entrepreneurs & Businesspersons — Artists

Tribes of Rajasthan

The tribes of Rajasthan constitute approximately 13.5% of Rajasthan’s population. Each of these tribes can be identified by their own culture, customs, trades, fairs & festivals. Bhils & Minas constitute the majority of population of the tribes of Rajasthan.

Subsection: Scheduled Area

Rajasthan is the largest state in the Union of India and has more physical variations than any other state. It has regions of rolling sand dunes in the west to lofty rocks in the middle to fertile plains in the east.

Rivers of Rajasthan

The State is one of the driest states of the country and the total surface water resources in the state are only about 1% of the total surface water resources of the country. The rivers of the state are rain-fed and identified by 14 major basins divided into 59 sub-basins.

The Luni river system that rises from the western slopes of the Aravalli Range (near Ajmer ) flows through the semi-arid transitional plains into the Rann of Kutch and Arabian Sea, while the Banas and other streams, rising from the eastern slopes of the Aravallis, join the Chambal .

Section: Rivers —- Chambal — Luni — Banas — Banganga — Sabarmati —- Mahi — West Banas —- Rivers of Inland drainage —- Subsections : River Basins — Lost Rivers — Rivers by Districts —

Rajasthan is the third most investment destination in India after Maharashtra and Gujarat, because of factors such as better law and order situation, peaceful environment, excellent road & railway infrastructure and very less population density.

The progress of Rajasthan is fuelled by diversified economy having agriculture , mining and tourism as the supporting engines.

Section: Economy Sub-Section : Budget — Macro Indicators of Economic Development —

A sound infrastructural foundation is the key to the overall socio-economic development of a state. It acts as a magnetic power for attracting fresh investment into a state and thus provides a competitive edge to it over other states.

The installed capacity of power in the State as on December 2019 is 21,175.90 MW. Solar Power plants of 4,637 MW have been commissioned in the State upto December, 2019. Road length has increased to 2,64,244.05 km upto March, 2019. The road density in the state is 77.21 km per 100 sq. km at the end of March, 2019.

Section: Infrastructure

Subsections: Power Infrastructure — Postal & Telcom Infrastructure — Roads — Railways — Airports & Airways |

Rajasthan is one of the most precious jewel in India’s crown. Endowed with natural beauty and a great history, Rajasthan has a flourishing tourism industry and every third foreign tourist visiting India also travels to Rajasthan.

Related: Contribution of Tourism in State Economy

During the calendar year 2019, the number of tourist visits in Rajasthan was 538.26 lakh with 522.2 lakh domestic tourists and about 06 lakh foreign travellers. Rajasthan also forms part of India’s golden triangle, a tourist circuit which connects the national capital Delhi, Agra and Jaipur.

Section: Tourism Section Subsections: Eco-tourism – Agri-tourism – Policy 2020

eBooks on Rajasthan

Rajasthan map.

News Articles:

Persons on Important Posts Rajasthan India

Essay on Rajasthan in 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words

Entrance Exams
November 9, 2023

Essay on Rajasthan in English – Rajasthan, a North Indian state, spans 342,239 square kilometers. Known as the “Land of Kings,” it’s India’s largest state. This northwestern region is celebrated for its opulent heritage, resplendent with vibrant colors, grand forts, and a dynamic folk culture, embodying the essence of India.

The essay on Rajasthan takes readers on a journey through the “Land of Kings,” providing an in-depth look at the state’s history, culture, and remarkable traditions. From the valiant Rajput rulers and their grand forts to the influences of Mughal and British rule.

The essay also explores Rajasthan’s rich tapestry of heritage. It delves into the state’s traditional arts and crafts, vivid festivals, mouthwatering cuisine, and soul-stirring music and dance forms. Here we students can get Essay on Rajasthan in 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words.

Essay on Rajasthan in 500 Words

The essay on Rajasthan provides an insightful exploration of India’s largest state, known for its rich history, culture, and diverse traditions. It touches upon the historical significance of the region. The essay also highlights Rajasthan’s traditional arts, vibrant festivals, distinctive cuisine, and captivating music and dance forms. It offers a glimpse into the state’s striking geography, including the Thar Desert and rural life, along with its popular tourist destinations.

Rajasthan: The Jewel of India’s Deserts

Introduction: The Land of Maharajas

Rajasthan, the largest state in India, is a treasure trove of history, culture, and natural beauty.
Known as the “Land of Kings, ” it is home to splendid palaces, majestic forts, and vibrant traditions.
Capital of Rajasthan is Jaipur.

Historical Heritage: Echoes of a Glorious Past

The state boasts a rich heritage of princely states and royal dynasties.
Visitors can explore opulent palaces like the City Palace in Jaipur and Udaipur’s Lake Palace.
Rajasthan is famous for its formidable forts, including Amer Fort, Mehrangarh Fort, and Chittorgarh Fort.
These architectural marvels narrate tales of valor and chivalry.

Vibrant Culture: A Kaleidoscope of Traditions

Rajasthan is renowned for its colorful attire, with men donning turbans and women wearing vibrant ghagras and odhnis.
The traditional attire reflects the state’s rich cultural heritage.
Rajasthan’s folk music and dance, including the Kalbelia dance and Rajasthani folk songs, are captivating.
These art forms are integral to festivals and celebrations.

Natural Splendor: Deserts and Wildlife

A significant part of Rajasthan is covered by the Thar Desert, the largest in India.
Visitors can enjoy camel safaris and witness mesmerizing desert landscapes.
Rajasthan is home to various wildlife sanctuaries and reserves.
Ranthambore National Park, Sariska Tiger Reserve, and Keoladeo National Park are popular among wildlife enthusiasts.

Religious Diversity: A Melting Pot of Faiths

The state houses temples like Dilwara Temples in Mount Abu, dedicated to Jain Tirthankaras, and the Brahma Temple in Pushkar.
It welcomes pilgrims and spiritual seekers from various faiths.
Pushkar is a sacred city with the renowned Brahma Temple and a holy lake.
The city hosts the famous Pushkar Camel Fair and attracts travelers from around the world.

Exquisite Handicrafts: Artistry in Every Stitch

Rajasthan is a hub of craftsmanship with a wide range of handicrafts like block printing, pottery, and jewelry.
Shoppers can explore bustling bazaars for exquisite souvenirs.

Rajasthan’s Diverse Culture and Heritage

Multifaceted Culture: Explore the diverse cultural traditions and heritage that Rajasthan is known for.
Folk Music and Dance: Discuss the vibrant folk music and dance forms that are an integral part of Rajasthani culture.
Traditional Attire: Explore the colorful and intricate traditional clothing worn by the people of Rajasthan.
Rajasthani Cuisine: Discover the delectable cuisine, including popular dishes and flavors unique to the region.

Gastronomic Delights: A Feast for the Senses

Rajasthan’s cuisine is a celebration of flavors, with dishes like dal baati churma, gatte ki sabzi, and ker sangri.
The state offers a culinary journey of spicy and savory delights.

Tourism and Hospitality: Welcoming the World

Rajasthan’s tourism is buoyed by attractions like the Jaipur’s Hawa Mahal, Jodhpur’s Umaid Bhawan Palace, and the Golden City of Jaisalmer.
The state ensures that visitors have a diverse range of experiences.
Rajasthan boasts a plethora of heritage hotels that were once palaces and havelis.
Staying in these grand properties provides an opportunity to relish royal living.

Conclusion: A Land of Endless Wonders

Rajasthan is an enchanting destination, offering a tapestry of history, culture, and nature.
It remains a jewel in India’s crown, beckoning travelers to explore its multifaceted beauty.

Rajasthan, with its royal heritage, vibrant traditions, and captivating landscapes, continues to allure travelers seeking an authentic Indian experience. From magnificent palaces to desert adventures, this “Land of Kings” unfolds a mesmerizing journey through history, culture, and natural splendor.

Also See – Dussehra Essay in 150 Words, 500 Words, 100 Words & 10 Lines

Essay on Rajasthan & its Culture

The essay explores Rajasthan’s culture and heritage, delving into the state’s rich history, the influence of Rajputs, Mughals, and the British, traditional arts and crafts, colorful festivals, delectable cuisine, and vibrant music and dance forms. It provides a comprehensive glimpse into the cultural tapestry of this North Indian state.

Rajasthan – The Regal Land of Culture, Cuisine, and Natural Beauty

Introduction – Rajasthan is a magnificent state situated in the northwestern region of India. The capital city of Rajasthan is Jaipur, which also happens to be the state’s largest city. Rajasthan is renowned for its royal opulence, rich culture, and a treasure trove of majestic forts and palaces that captivate the imagination of people around the world. This regal state is a symbol of India’s rich history and heritage, drawing visitors from far and wide to experience its grandeur.

Formation – The Birth of Rajasthan: Rajasthan officially emerged as a state on March 30, 1949, uniting various princely states and regions into a single entity under the Indian Union.

Area – Rajasthan, with a sprawling area of 342,239 square kilometers, is India’s largest state.

Language – The primary language spoken in Rajasthan is Rajasthani, while Hindi serves as the official language for communication.

Cultural Diversity

Rajasthan is a kaleidoscope of cultures, with each region within the state having its unique customs, traditions, and art forms. The Rajput’s, known for their chivalry and valor, have been an integral part of the state’s history. Their rule has left a lasting imprint on Rajasthan’s culture, as evident in the magnificent forts and palaces that still stand tall, showcasing their architectural brilliance.

The Influence of Mughal and British Rule

Rajasthan’s history is marked by the influence of the Mughal and British empires. The Mughals brought a rich synthesis of cultures, leaving their mark on the state’s architecture, art, and cuisine. The British, too, contributed to the socio-political landscape of Rajasthan, adding layers of complexity to its history. This amalgamation of cultures has made Rajasthan a unique cultural destination, with a blend of Rajput, Mughal, and British influences.

Dressing Style

A Splash of Colors: Traditional Rajasthani attire is a vibrant display of colors, reflecting the state’s rich culture.
Men’s Attire: Men commonly wear turbans, kurta-pajamas, and Jodhpuri coats. Women often adorn ghagras (skirts) and cholis (blouses) with intricate embroidery and mirror work.

Rajasthan’s Vibrant Culture

The Melting Pot of Colors

A Burst of Hues: An exploration of Rajasthan’s colorful culture, reflecting in every aspect of life.
Rajasthani Attire: A deep dive into the traditional clothing, jewelry, and turbans that adorn the people.
Colors in Architecture: Describing the vividly painted havelis, palaces, and temples.

The Tunnel Culture of Rajasthan

Underground Marvels

Discovering Step Wells: A glimpse into the intricately designed step wells, showcasing architectural and functional brilliance.
Chand Baori – A Masterpiece: A closer look at the famous Chand Baori step well and its unique characteristics.
Historical Significance: Unraveling the historical context of these tunnel structures and their role in society.

Traditions and Customs of Rajasthan

A Rich Tapestry of Customs

Festivals of Rajasthan: A guide to the colorful festivals celebrated with zest and zeal.
Traditional Music and Dance: Highlighting the captivating folk music, dance, and puppetry that define Rajasthan’s culture.
Rajput Valor: Exploring the chivalrous traditions and tales of the valiant Rajputs.

Culinary Delights of Rajasthan

Savors of the Desert

Rich Rajasthani Cuisine: A gastronomic journey through Rajasthani dishes, including the famous Dal Baati Churma.
Use of Local Ingredients: Showcasing the key ingredients and flavors unique to Rajasthan.
Sweets and Snacks: Exploring the sweet treats like Ghewar, Malpua, and Kachori that are an integral part of Rajasthani cuisine.

Music & Dance –

A Cultural Symphony: Rajasthan resonates with the tunes of folk music and dances like Ghoomar, Kalbelia, and Kathputli.
Artistic Expressions: The traditional dances and puppetry are an integral part of Rajasthani culture, showcasing the state’s artistic vibrancy.
Vibrant Celebrations: Rajasthan’s festivals, including Diwali, Holi, and Eid, are celebrated with grandeur.
Unique Festivities: Special mention goes to Navratri and the Pushkar Camel Fair, which are a riot of colors and cultures, with traditional music and dance performances that captivate visitors.

Tourist Places

Jaipur – The Pink City : This city is famous for its pretty palaces and markets. It’s the capital of Rajasthan.
Udaipur – The City of Lakes : Udaipur is known for its lovely lakes and grand palaces, making it a romantic place to visit.
Jodhpur – The Blue City : In Jodhpur, you’ll see a huge fort and many houses painted blue, giving it a unique and old-fashioned charm.
Jaisalmer – The Golden City : If you visit Jaisalmer, you’ll see lots of golden sand dunes and a big desert fort. It’s like a scene from a fairy tale.
Ranthambore National Park : This is a special place where you can see tigers and other amazing animals in the wild. It’s like a real-life adventure.
Pushkar : Pushkar is a holy town with a special temple, and it’s famous for a big fair where you can see lots of camels and enjoy the culture.
Ajmer : Ajmer is known for a famous shrine and is a peaceful and spiritual place.
Mount Abu : This is the only place in Rajasthan where you can escape the heat because it’s a hill station with cooler weather. It’s also home to beautiful Jain temples.
Must-Visit Sites: Don’t miss the historic Amber Fort, the timeless beauty of Hawa Mahal, and the spiritual journey to Pushkar.
Desert Safari: Experience the thrill of traversing the dunes on a camel or jeep safari, exploring the unique desert culture.

Art and Craft of Rajasthan

Creativity Unleashed

Rich Handicrafts: An overview of the intricate handcrafted items, including textiles, jewelry, pottery, and more.
Miniature Paintings: Highlighting the detailed and exquisite Rajasthani miniature paintings.
Puppetry – A Living Tradition: The significance of puppetry in Rajasthani culture and storytelling.

Official State Symbols of Rajasthan

State Flower: Roheda (Tecomella undulata)
State Animal: Camel (Livestock) and Chinkara (Wildlife)
State Bird: Godavan (Ardeotis Nigriceps)
State Tree: Khejri (Prosopis cinerea)
State Dance: Ghoomar
State Game: Basketball

In conclusion, Rajasthan’s culture is a captivating tapestry of colors, traditions, and artistic expressions. From its vibrant festivals and colorful attire to the magnificent step wells and desert culture, Rajasthan offers a unique and timeless experience. The state’s rich history, art, and cuisine continue to enchant and inspire visitors, making it a treasure trove of culture and tradition in India.

About Rajasthan in 10 Lines

Rajasthan is a vast and culturally rich state in northwestern India. Known for its historical significance and regal heritage, it is the largest state in the country. The state’s landscape includes the Thar Desert, which adds to its diverse appeal. With its grand palaces, majestic forts, and vibrant culture, Rajasthan is a captivating destination for travelers seeking a glimpse of India’s royal past and cultural splendor.

Rajasthan is the largest state in India, situated in the northwestern part of the country.
The capital city of Rajasthan is Jaipur, known as the “Pink City” due to its distinctive pink buildings.
Rajasthan is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, regal palaces, and majestic forts.
The state is characterized by its arid Thar Desert, which covers a significant portion of its landscape.
Rajasthani is the primary language spoken in the state, with Hindi being widely used for official communication.
Rajasthan is famous for its vibrant festivals, including Diwali, Holi, and the Pushkar Camel Fair.
Traditional Rajasthani attire is colorful and distinct, reflecting the state’s rich culture.
The cuisine of Rajasthan is known for its unique flavors, with dishes like Dal Baati Churma and Laal Maas being popular.
The state’s iconic landmarks include the Amber Fort, Hawa Mahal, and the Lake Palace in Udaipur.
Rajasthan is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its cultural diversity, historical treasures, and natural beauty.

Short Essay on Rajasthan History and Traditions

The essay on Rajasthan’s history and traditions explores the rich tapestry of India’s largest state. It delves into the valiant Rajput rulers and their magnificent forts, the influence of Mughals and the British, traditional arts and crafts, colorful festivals, and the delectable cuisine. The essay also highlights the soul-stirring music and graceful dance forms that reflect the state’s vibrant spirit. Rajasthan’s history and traditions have left an indelible mark on its cultural identity, making it a captivating destination for history enthusiasts and culture lovers alike.

Rajasthan, India’s largest state, boasts a history as rich and colorful as its traditions. The Rajputs, known for their valor, have adorned the land with magnificent forts and palaces. Mughal and British influences have left an indelible mark on the state’s culture. Rajasthan’s traditional arts and crafts, including miniature paintings and intricate handicrafts, are renowned. The state is a canvas of festivals like Diwali and Holi, where colors and lights come alive. Its cuisine, with dishes like Dal Baati Churma and Ghewar, is a culinary delight. Music and dance, such as Ghoomar and Kalbelia, reflect the vibrant spirit of Rajasthan.

Essay on The Thar Desert in Rajasthan

The essay on the Thar Desert in Rajasthan delves into the unique and captivating landscape of this arid region. It discusses the desert’s golden sand dunes, the traditional communities that have adapted to life in this challenging environment, and the essential role of camels in the desert’s culture.

The Thar Desert: Rajasthan’s Golden Expanse

The Thar Desert, often called the “Great Indian Desert,” is a defining feature of the northwestern landscape of India, particularly in the state of Rajasthan. Spread over a vast expanse, the Thar Desert is known for its golden-hued sand dunes, creating a mesmerizing and arid landscape.

Amidst the stark beauty of the desert, traditional desert communities have thrived for centuries. They have adapted to the harsh environment, living a semi-nomadic life, herding camels and livestock, and dwelling in mud-walled houses that offer respite from the scorching sun.

The camel, often referred to as the “Ship of the Desert,” plays a vital role in the lives of desert dwellers, serving as both a mode of transportation and a source of livelihood. Camel safaris provide visitors with a unique opportunity to explore the desert’s undulating dunes and witness its ethereal beauty, particularly during the captivating desert sunsets.

The Thar Desert is a repository of history and culture, with ancient villages like Jaisalmer showcasing the enduring spirit of desert communities. The golden sands, when illuminated by the setting sun, create a spellbinding panorama. Traditional folk performances under the open sky add to the desert’s allure, transporting visitors to a world of ancient tales and vibrant traditions.

While the Thar Desert may seem harsh and desolate, it is a world of wonder and resilience. It exemplifies the enduring spirit of Rajasthan, a state that has embraced its arid landscapes and transformed them into an enchanting destination for those seeking the beauty of the desert. Exploring historical villages, riding camels through the dunes, or simply witnessing the sun’s descent below the horizon, the Thar Desert leaves an indelible impression, reminding us of the timeless allure of Rajasthan.

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Biodiversity of Rajasthan

Biodiversity of Rajasthan Blogs Home

27 Dec 2021

Biodiversity is the Diversity of Plant and Animal Life in a Particular Habitat

Rajasthan is a state in northern India with Jaipur as its capital. Most of it is covered with a huge proportion of desert, it also has some densely thick forests with a wide range of flora and fauna. Rajasthan's desert is also an enormous habitat for native animals and plants. With over 2000 plants, 87 mammals, 114 fish, 500 birds and 81 reptile species, the state is a home to rich biodiversity.

Rajasthan State Details

Rajasthan Total Districts - 33
Rajasthan State Game - Basketball
Rajasthan State Animal - Camel and Chinkara
Rajasthan State Bird - The Great Indian Bustard
Rajasthan State Flower - Desert Teak Flower
Rajasthan State Tree - Jand
Rajasthan State Dance - Ghoomar

Rajasthan District Map; source: mapsofworld.com

Desert Teak Flower

A Jand Tree

Ghoomer Dance

Apart from being rich in culture, Rajasthan's biodiversity is hugely diverse. Though most of the state is covered with desert, it has a large flora and fauna that is scattered all over the region. Each and every species present in the state has an interesting and important role to play. They all contribute to running the ecosystem as all of them directly or indirectly depend on each other. The vegetation, which is chiefly xerophytic and quite scarce, occurs in great variety. There are 682 plant and 390 animal species present in the Thar Desert. The rich floral and faunal composition of the state provides useful material for human consumption and contributes in forming a unique ecosystem.

The geographic features of Rajasthan include sandy plains in the west, the Aravalli Mountain range running south-west, the eastern plains and Hadoti plateau that covers southeast Rajasthan.

Aravalli Range and Hadoti Plateau

Sandy plains in the west - The western sandy plains share northern boundary with Punjab, southwestern with Gujarat and western with Pakistan. They consist of arid and semi-arid plains. Sand dunes and rock outcrops like limestone and sandstone are found in the arid plain. Granite, gneiss, grid conglomerate and schist rocks are also seen here. The Thar Desert is located here. Semi-arid plains are sandy, poorly watered and sterile with small sand hills, sand dunes and alluvial plains. Salt lakes like Sambhar and seasonal rivers like Luni, Sukri and Jawai are found here. The main occupation of the people of this region are livestock, milk production & dairy.
Sandy Arid Plains are further subdivided into two parts. Sandy Arid Plain and Semi Arid Plains. Sandy arid plains include Marusthali and Dune Free Tract and semi Arid plains include Luni Basin, Shekhawati, Naguri upland and Ghaggar Plain.

Gneiss rock; image source: Study.com

Aravalli mountain range - It is the oldest fold mountain range in India. It joins two ancient crust segments of the earth to form the Aravalli Craton . The north-eastern part of the range is called Alwar Hills. Numerous hills are situated here. Major lakes in this region are Sambhar, Ramgarh and Pandupole. The central part of the range has the Sambhar Basin and the Merwara hills. This region is full of sand hills. The southeast of the range has Bhorat plateau and hills like Mewar Hills. It is the highest portion of the range. The southwest range has Mount Abu, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River. The highest peak in the mountain range, Guru Shikhar, is here. Granite is found in large amounts in this region. The wildlife of this region habitats animals including Leopard, Striped Hyena, Indian Wolf, Golden Jackal, Hanuman Langur, Four-horned Antelope, Chinkara, Indian Crested Porcupine, Sambar, Nilgai, Sloth Bear, Toddy Cat or Common Palm Civet, Jungle Cat, Bengal Fox, Crocodile and Indian Rock Python. The flora of the Aravalli region encompasses Dhau, Salai, Amaltash, Dhak, Kullu, Ronjh, Kumath, Doodhi, Barna, Sargooro, Gurjan, Roheda, Gamhar, Harsingar, Krishan Kadam, Small trees like Bistendu, Chamrod, Harsingar, Kuda, Shrub species such as Goyakhair, Gangeti, Kair, Adusa, Marodphali, Climbers such as Vallaris spp, Ichnocarpus spp, Telosma phallida, Watakaka volubilis and many others.
The eastern plains - These plains consist of Chambal Basin, Banas Basin and Mahi Basin. They end with the Vindhyan plateau. Rivers like Mansi and Kothari flow through here. The plains are known for alluvial deposits from Chambal, Banas and Mahi rivers, making them fertile. Hence, agriculture flourishes in this region.
Hadoti plateau - A large part of this plateau is drained by the Chambal River. It lies in the southeastern part of the state. It consists of the Deccan region and the Vindhyan region. The Deccan region contains sandstone and slatestone. It has black soil with lava deposits. The Vindhyan region contains sandstone. It is marked by rocks, boulders and depressions.

Soil and Vegetation

The widespread vegetation of Rajasthan is scrub jungle. Generally, the soil is sandy with grasses and shrubs. This is due to low rainfall and soil erosion. Alkalinity and salinity are the other features of the soil.

The northwestern region is generally sandy and dry, most of which is covered by the Thar Desert. The Thar Desert is thinly populated due to the arid conditions. Thorny scrub forests lie around the desert. Western Rajasthan has deserts with alkaline and saline soil. The vegetation here is scanty and mainly consists of thorny bushes and cactuses. Rabi crops are grown when the land is properly irrigated and Kharif crops are grown in the Monsoon season. Semi-arid regions have rivers and lakes that result in alluvial plains. Alluvial soil is fertile and enables extensive cultivation. The districts like Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Barmer, Jodhpur, Sirohi, Pali and Sikar belong to this area and have alkaline and saline soils with a calcareous base. The regions, mainly the district of Ganganagar flooded by the Ghaggar river seasonally, have alluvial soil. Hence, this area is fertile with dense vegetation and food crops like maize, wheat, mustard, fruits etc.

Districts including Jaipur and Ajmer are watered by Banas River and its tributaries. Thus, the fertile soil enhances the cultivation of crops like barley, gram and wheat.

Rajasthan River Basin

The Aravalli Range is more fertile and is home to dry deciduous forests and tropical dry broadleaf forests that include trees like Teak and Acacia. Black soil with lava deposits can also be found in the Aravalli region. Food crops and cash crops like cotton are grown here. Bhilwara district and major parts of Udaipur district, Chittaurgarh district and Sirohi district lie in this region.

The eastern plains are fertile with alluvial soil. Availability of water from rivers allows the region to be cultivated well. Flood-prone regions in the plains have loamy and clayey soil. The easternmost regions are drained by Chambal and Banas rivers.

Hanging Bridge across the Chambal River in Kota

The Hadoti plateau, which includes the districts of Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota etc., has black soil. This region is fertile with the presence of the Chambal River and its distributaries. Crops like cotton, sugarcane and opium are grown here. Some districts of Rajasthan such as Dungarpur, Banswara, Udaipur, Bhilwara and Chittaurgarh have red and yellowish soils. They are made up of acidic rocks such as granite, gneiss, and schist. They develop in areas in which rainfall drains soluble minerals out from the ground.

Rajasthan's economy is basically agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and barley are the major crops that are cultivated over large areas. Pulses, sugarcane and oilseeds are also grown. Rajasthan is one of the largest producers of edible oils in India and the second-largest producer of oilseeds. Cash crops raised by farmers are cotton and tobacco. The state is also the biggest wool producer in the country. It is interesting to note that the main producer, as well as consumer of opium, is Rajasthan with 60% of the total production in India. (Wikipedia)

The main industries in the state are based on minerals, agriculture and textile. Rajasthan is the second-largest producer of polyester fibre in India. Quarrying and mining are also prominent here due to the presence of various minerals and rocks like granite. It is rich in deposits of salt, copper and zinc.

Mineral Map of Rajasthan; source: mapsofindia.com

Flora and Fauna

Rajasthan, though mostly dry, has a rich variety of flora and fauna. The natural and predominant vegetation of the state is Northern Desert Thorn Forest or scrub jungle. The western parts have typical arid-zone plants, such as tamarisk . Trees are scarce here and are limited mostly to small, scattered forest areas in the Aravallis and in the eastern part of the state. These forests occur in small clumps of thorny shrubs. The density of the vegetation increases depending upon the rainfall received.

All parts of the state, except the western region, have forests. Western Rajasthan is arid in nature and thus devoid of any forest cover. Most of the forests spread through the hilly districts of Udaipur, Kota, Sirohi, Alwar etc. Other than the thorn forests and dry deciduous forests, Rajasthan has bamboo forests that spread through the districts of Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Kota and Abu. The sub-tropical hill forests are found in Sirohi. They consist of evergreen and semi-evergreen vegetation.

Some prominent species of trees found in Rajasthan are sacred fig, flame-of-the-forest , Indian plum, axlewood and date palm. Shrubs like hibiscus, scarlet bush, golden dewdrop and grass species like kheenp and sewan are abundant in the region. Rare species of wild roses, ferns and orchids are also seen here.

Flame of the forest

The most widely seen vegetation in Rajasthan is Jand , known as the king of the deserts, which thrives in arid regions. It is used as a vegetable and fodder. Another popular desert vegetable is karira. A variety of creepers, shrubs, bushes and cacti grow in abundance. Thorny plants are the peculiarity of the area. These thorns are actually dried-up leaves to prevent moisture loss in dry and arid conditions.

A variety of reptiles, mammals and birds can be found here. Frogs, toads, gharials, crocodiles, lizards, skinks and snakes are the various reptiles in Rajasthan. Camels, tigers, gazelles, antelopes, nilgai, leopards are some of the mammal species in the region. Hundreds of species of migratory birds also visit Rajasthan which includes Siberian Cranes, flamingos, pelicans and many others. More than 300 birds live here and peacocks, warblers, sparrows, ducks, and bulbuls are some of them.

The two major national parks in Rajasthan are Keoladeo National Park in Bharatpur district and Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur district. Keoladeo National Park, also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, was a royal game reserve. It protects about 400 species of migratory and resident birds. It is a wetland where migratory birds from Central Asia, from countries like Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China and Siberia, gather before flying to other regions. The Park is the known wintering site of endangered Siberian Crane and threatened species such as the Greater Spotted Eagle and Imperial Eagle. Ranthambhore was also a game reserve and is a deciduous forest known for its large tiger population.

National Parks of Rajasthan

Many animals like leopards, elephants, rhinos, deers, jungle cats, porcupines, jackals, fox etc live here. Other prominent sanctuaries in Rajasthan are Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar, Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve in Kota, Tal Chhapar Sanctuary in Sujangarh, Mount Abu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary in Chittorgarh, Darrah Sanctuary in Kota, Jaisamand Sanctuary in Udaipur, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajsamand, Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary in Kota, and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary in Pratapgarh. Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI) is an autonomous institute of the Ministry of Forestry in Jodhpur that works on desert flora and fauna and its conservation.

Seasonal Forests of Rajasthan

Most of Rajasthan's forests are restricted to its eastern and southern parts. The jungles are roughly allocated in several districts. Most of them are located over the hilly areas in Udaipur, Rajasamand, Kota, Baran Sawai Madhopur, Chittorgarh, Sirohi, Bundi, Alwar, Jhalawar and Banswara districts. These thick native forests are in unassailable natural plots, primarily restricted to different national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. The remaining forests of the state are in varying stages of development.

These forests are classified into 4 broad categories of forests.

(1) Tropical Thorn Forests

(2) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests

(3) Central India Sub-tropical Hill Forests

(4) Mixed Miscellaneous Forests

Tropical Thorn Forests

Tropical thorn forests are based in arid and semi-arid areas of western Rajasthan. They expand from western Indo-Pak border to Aravalli hills and the south-eastern plateau. The main species found in this kind of forest are babul ,reonja, jand, karira etc. These forests are basically found in Jodhpur, Pali, Jalore, Barmer, Nagaur, etc.

Tropical Thorn Forest

Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests

Found in small patches in a few parts of the state, they are located in northern and eastern slopes of Aravalli ranges in Alwar, Bharatpur and Dholpur districts. Erratic growth of distinct species of dry deciduous forests can be seen along the dry river beds of Jalore, Nagaur, Ganaganagar and Bikaner. Some of the species found in this kind of forest are axlewood, Bakhli, khair, crocodile bark tree, baheda, arjuna, oli-banum, bamboo etc.

Central Indian Sub-tropical Hill Forests

These forests are found in Sirohi district in Rajasthan, mostly on the hills bracing Mount Abu. There are species of semi-evergreen and some evergreen trees present in the forest. The vegetation of Mt. Abu comprises several plants which are identical to the sub - tropical region plants of Himalayas. They are present between 700 to 800 m altitudes around Mount Abu.

Mixed Miscellaneous Forests

These forests are found in the southeastern and easten part of Rajasthan in the districts of Chittorgarh, Kota, Udaipur, Sirohi, Banswara, Dungarpur etc.

Rajasthan, as a state, is loaded with diversity with respect to its geographic attributes. It has deserts, mountains, flood plains, and heavy forests. From arid regions to fertile plains, scorched Jaisalmer to cool Mt Abu, it is a place packed with diverse landforms. Mostly known for dry deserts and extreme weather climates, this state houses a wide variety of vegetation and wildlife.

Though rich in biodiversity, there is a huge amount of flora and fauna that has either gone extinct or are on the verge of depletion. There are numerous organisations working to protect the biodiversity of Rajasthan to help the ecosystem stay stable and healthy.

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Rajasthan - A city profile

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Discovering Rajasthan

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This article provides an overview of Rajasthan for those keen on exploring the possibility of living and working there. The information presented is gathered from open sources and is not exhaustive or meant to supplement or substitute legal and professional advice.

Capital: Jaipur 1
Geography: 33 districts 2
Land area: 342,239 sq km 3
Population (2011 census): 68,548,437 4
Head of government: Shri Ashok Gehlot (Chief Minister) 5
Languages: Hindi and Rajasthani 6
Currency: Indian Rupee (Rs)
Major cities: Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Bikaner, Bhilwara and Alwar 7

Introduction

Rajasthan is located in northwestern India, bounded on the west and northwest by Pakistan and shares domestic borders with the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. With a land area of 342,239 sq km, Rajasthan is the largest state in India geographically. 8 The state is divided into 33 districts and comprises nine regions – Ajmer State, Hadoti, Dhundhar, Gorwar, Shekhawati, Mewar, Marwar, Vagad and Mewat. 9

The western part of Rajasthan is relatively dry and infertile. Rajasthan is home to the Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, and the Chambal River, which is solely responsible for the water supply in the region. 10 Jaipur, Udaipur, Kota and Ajmer are known as the four smart cities in Rajasthan. 11

Demographic Profile

In 2011, the population in Rajasthan was 68.5 million. The population grew 21.2 percent from the 56.5 million recorded in 2001. The population of males outnumbered that of females: in 2011, the gender ratio was 0.928 female to one male. 12 In the same year, the state had a literacy rate of 66.1 percent, work participation rate of 43.6 percent and a population density of 200 persons per sq km. 13

Economy profile

Rajasthan’s estimated gross state domestic product (GSDP) for 2020-2021 was Rs 957,912 crore, a decline of 4.11 percent from the previous year. In 2019-2020, the state achieved a GSDP of Rs 998,999 crore and grew 8.38 percent. The per capita income for 2020-2021 was estimated at Rs 109,386. This is a decline of 5.29 percent compared with the Rs 115,492 achieved in 2019-2020. 14

Agriculture is expected to account for 29.77 percent of total output in 2020-2021. The industries sector, which includes mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply and other utility services, and construction, is expected to contribute 24.8 percent, while the services sector contribute 45.43 percent. 15

Agriculture

Agriculture is an important sector in Rajasthan. It forms the backbone of the state’s economy and is a significant contributor to the GSDP. The state has been implementing several programmes to ensure growth in agricultural production and to provide better living conditions to the population who engage in agricultural and allied activities. Rajasthan is the highest producer of mustard, gram and bajra (millet) in India. 16

Mining and minerals

Rajasthan boasts huge mineral reserves. It produces 81 varieties of minerals such as wollastonite, lead, zinc, calcite, gypsum, rock phosphate, silver, marble, sandstone and serpentine (green marble). Rajasthan is also the leading producer of ball clay, phosphorite, ochre, steatite, felspar and fire clay in India. 17

Rajasthan has one of the highest limestone reserves, making it a hub for industries such as cement production. The state is one of the largest producers of cement grade limestone and steel grade limestone in India, and the largest producer in the northern and western parts of India. Rajasthan’s production of limestone reached 31.04 million tonnes in April-September 2020. 18

Renewable energy

Two key factors that contribute to Rajasthan’s favourable solar energy production are its high level of solar radiation and large tracts of relatively flat and undeveloped land. 19 As at April 2021, 13,344.49 megawatt (MW) of Rajasthan’s total installed power generation capacity was contributed by thermal, 1,939.19 MW by hydro and 10,244.50 MW by renewable energy. 20

Rajasthan is one of the most beautiful tourist destinations in India. Its palaces and forts are major attractions that draw many tourists to the state each year. Behind each palace and fort is a riveting story about its kings, their kingdoms and the colourful culture of Rajasthan. Six of the forts – Chittorgarh Fort, Kumbhalgarh Fort, Ranthambhore Fort, Gagaron Fort, Amber Fort and Jaisalmer Fort – were declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2013. 21

Rajasthan also attracts tourists with its fairs and festivals, handicrafts, heritage hotels, adventure tourism, rural and eco-tourism, religious tourism and temple architecture. In recent years, the state has made significant efforts to develop and boost tourism. 22

Singapore and Rajasthan

In October 2016, IE Singapore signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Government of Rajasthan to “facilitate collaboration between Singapore and Rajasthan companies in smart urban solutions and tourism development.” This provides opportunities for Singapore companies that are seeking to expand overseas, particularly in these two sectors. 23

In the same month, a tourism skills training centre was also launched in Udaipur by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. The curriculum for the Centre of Excellence for Tourism Training is prepared by Singapore’s Institute of Technical Education Services. The centre offers up to six courses including retail services, hospitality operations and culinary arts, with an annual intake of 480 students. 24

About Rajasthan. (n.d.). Government of Rajasthan . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://rajasthan.gov.in/AboutRajasthan/Pages/default.aspx ↩

About Rajasthan. (2021, July 18). Rajasthan Tourism. Retrieved July 29, 2021, from http://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/about-rajasthan.html ↩

About Rajasthan. (2021, July 18). Rajasthan Tourism . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from http://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/about-rajasthan.html ↩

Basic statistics Rajasthan 2013. (2013). Directorate of Economics & Statistics. p. 1. Retrieved July 29, 2021, from http://plan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/planning-portal/Directorate%20of%20Economics%20and%20Statistics/Publication/Regular%20Publications/Basic%20statistics/basic%20statistics%202013.pdf ↩

Chief Minister. (n.d.). Government of Rajasthan. Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://rajasthan.gov.in/Government/ChiefMinister/Pages/default.aspx ↩

Rajasthan. (n.d.). Know India . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://knowindia.india.gov.in/states-uts/rajasthan.php ↩

Rajasthan at glance. (n.d.). Town Planning Department. Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/ctp/en/urban-profile/rajasthan-at-glance.html ↩

Land & environment. (n.d.). Government of Rajasthan . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://rajasthan.gov.in/AboutRajasthan/LandAndEnvironment/Pages/default.aspx ; Area. (n.d.). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://censusindia.gov.in/census_data_2001/india_at_glance/area.aspx ↩

Districts. (n.d.). Government of Rajasthan . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from http://rajasthan.gov.in/Government/DistrictGovernment/Pages/default.aspx ; About Rajasthan. (n.d.). Government of Rajasthan . RetrievedJuly 29, 2021, from https://rajasthan.gov.in/AboutRajasthan/Pages/default.aspx ↩

Land & environment. (n.d.). Government of Rajasthan . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://rajasthan.gov.in/AboutRajasthan/LandAndEnvironment/Pages/default.aspx ↩

Smart city. (n.d.). Government of Rajasthan Urban Portal . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/rudsico/en/urban-infra/sectors-programmes/smart-city.html ↩

Economic review 2020-21. (2021). Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Rajasthan Jaipur . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://plan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/planning-portal/Directorate%20of%20Economics%20and%20Statistics/Publication/Regular%20Publications/economic%20review%20english/Economic_Review_English_2019-20.pdf ↩

Economic review 2020-21. (2021). Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Rajasthan Jaipur. Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://plan.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/planning-portal/Directorate%20of%20Economics%20and%20Statistics/Publication/Regular%20Publications/economic%20review%20english/Economic_Review_English_2019-20.pdf ↩

Information about Rajasthan: Tourism, cement, agriculture industries and geography. (2021, June). India Brand Equity Foundation . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.ibef.org/states/rajasthan.aspx ; Industrial development & economic growth in Rajasthan. (2021, July 29). India Brand Equity Foundation . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.ibef.org/states/rajasthan-presentation ; Rajasthan. (2021, June). India Brand Equity Foundation . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.ibef.org/download/Rajasthan-June-2021.pdf ↩

Gupta, A. (2016, May 28). Harnessing solar power: Rajasthan leads the path. EQ International . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.eqmagpro.com/harnessing-solar-power-rajasthan-leads-the-path/ ↩

Industrial development & economic growth in Rajasthan. (2021, July 29). India Brand Equity Foundation . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.ibef.org/states/rajasthan-presentation ↩

Singh, M. P. (2013, June 22). Unesco declares 6 Rajasthan forts world heritage sites. The Hindu . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/unesco-declares-6-rajasthan-forts-world-heritage-sites/article4838107.ece ↩

IE Singapore signs MOU with Rajasthan to help Singapore companies capture opportunities in smart urban solutions and tourism. (2016, October 6). IE Singapore. Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/data/pdfdoc/20161006002/MR04816_IE%20Singapore_Rajasthan_MOU_2016%2010%2006.pdf ↩

Ganapathy, N. (2016, October 3). Training centre in Rajasthan a collaboration with Singapore. The Straits Times . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/training-centre-in-rajasthan-a-collaboration-with-singapore ; Yong, C. (2016, October 6). PM Lee launches Singapore’s second skills training in India. The Straits Times . Retrieved July 29, 2021, from https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/pm-lee-launches-singapores-second-skills-training-centre-in-india ↩

Geography of Rajasthan - RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) - Notes, Videos & Tests

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Geography of rajasthan.

Author: Misra, V.C

Publisher: National book trust,Newd elhi

Source: Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi

Type: E-Book

Received From: Archaeological Survey of India

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	Misra, V.C
	2019-11-26T16:46:22Z
	2019-11-26T16:46:22Z
	Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi
	viii,188p.
	application/pdf
	English
	National book trust,Newd elhi
	India the land and people;
	E-Book
	1967
	74771
	text

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

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Rajasthan Culture - Celebrating Rajasthani Culture & Beauty In Diversity

1. attithi devo bhavo.

'Attithi Devo bhavo' means to treat your guests like as you would treat God. This principle is a part of the Rajasthani Culture. They treat their guests well and make them want to visit again. Most of the people in Rajasthan are involved in tourism-related jobs and hence take this principle very seriously as they earn their revenue due to the tourists and have pledged to serve them. A popular folk song ' Padharo Mhare Desh' literary means 'Welcome to my country'. Rajasthan Hospitality is famous all over the world.

2. Folk Music And Dance

Since many rulers ruled Rajasthan, each region has its own folk culture. The folk music and dance of Rajasthan are similar due to their geographical confinement, but each differs in their unique style. Manganiyars and Langas are two prominent groups that contributed to the Rajasthan folk music. They perform 'ragas' (songs) for different purposes. Like during the pre-monsoon time, they would perform ragas to call forth the rains. Other famous groups are Banjaras, Mirasis, Jogis, and much more.

Many traditional instruments are used by them that include sarangi, kamayach, dhols, shenhai, and been. Folk songs were usually for certain purposes like weddings or birth or were passed to tell a story of bravery or a romantic tale. They were usually in the form of ballads. The dance is varied as well. Dance differed among different tribes. It was mainly for the entertainment of the people and the king. Some of the dances include chang, ghoomer, bhopa, tejali, and kathipuli. Ghoomer dance, which originated in Udaipur, has gained international recognition and appreciation.

3. Food and Cuisine of Rajasthan

As a tourist, there are some foods that you need to try. Rajasthani food is known for its various spices and also its sweetness. Rajasthan is most famous for dalbati - A dish comprising of dal and wheat flour kneaded with yoghurt and dressed in ghee. It is also famous for kachori - the kachori in Rajasthan are of two types - sweet and spicy. The spicy kachori is called the pyaaz or onion kachori, and the sweet kachori called the mawa kachori. Both these kachoris are easily available in any food stalls in Rajasthan. Ghewar and gheriya are some delectable sweet dishes originating from Mewar, available in most restaurants at Rajasthan. Most of the Rajasthani dishes are made in ghee. More than 70% of people in Rajasthan are Lacto vegetarian making it one of the most vegetarian states in India. However, non-vegetarian dished like Lal Maas and Mohan Maas are delicacies in Rajasthani cuisine. Read more about the food of Rajasthan .

4. Architecture

The architectural style in Rajasthan is as diverse as its people. You get to evidence some of the exemplary sites of Islamic, Hindu, colonial and even modern architecture. Rajasthan should be your next place to visit if you are a lover of architecture and appreciate monumental buildings, heritage sites and different styles of design. The Jain temple in Ranakpur was built in the 15th century. The style of architecture is M'ru-Gurjara Architecture (styles that include various structures and shapes). It is a western Indian architecture style with various domes and carvings on the pillars and the ceilings.

The Umaid Bhavan Palace in Jodhpur is an architecture of Beaux-Arts style along with a blend of eastern and western architectural styles in spite of being built by Maharaja Jai sign II, a Hindu ruler. Jaisalmer Fort and Golden Fort were built in 1156 AD by the Rajput ruler Rawal Jaisal. The fort contains several gates, Jain temples and Havelis and is included as a world heritage site by UNESCO. There are only a few examples of architectural sites that Rajasthan holds. Other sites include memorials, forts, heritage hotels, etc. The Pink City of Jaipur has been named the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019.

5. Religions

There has been a strong influence of religion on Rajasthan. Most residents of Rajasthan are Hindus (mainly Vaishnavas), Muslims, and Jains. There are various temples that are important pilgrim sites like the Lodrakar and Ranakpur Jain Temple, Jagdish temple, etc.

6. Handicrafts

If you visit Rajasthan, be sure to reserve a few hours or even a day for shopping. You will find beautiful carpets, garments, jewellery and more, that are all made by the local people. Any leather item is usually camel leather - they use it making journals, shoes and bags. The carpets are made from the hand-knitting techniques and much like Persian carpets; they have a geometric design and borders. There are also many miniature items made out of red sand or clay as toys for kids or decoration pieces with bells attached to it. You may also find safah or pagri (traditional headwear) in most of the shops that you may bring back as a memory from the place.

Shopping in Rajasthan is very reasonable and is an opportunity not to be missed. Antiques are a whole different thing. If you like to collect antiques, there are various sellers in Rajasthan. However, do some research on which sellers are authorised so that you are aware of where you can purchase them. Most antiques are things that were the possessions of the kings.

If you love viewing different antiques, do not worry, as you definitely will not be disappointed. There are various museums in Rajasthan with an astounding collection of antiques.

7. Camels and Camel Festivities

Camels are commonly found animals in Rajasthan. Camels are desert animals that are meant to survive conditions of scarcity of water, extreme winds, heat and cold due to their biology. Most camps in Rajasthan will include camel rides, and you will get to experience how well the camels can travel in deserts due to their long footed legs. Camel fairs take place every year in Bikaner, Pushkar and other regions. It is a festival or celebration of sorts dedicated to the ship of the desert and their owners. There are various events and competitions carried out for fun like camel race and camel dance. These festivals are usually held for two days.

8. Birth & Death Customs

The people of Rajasthan celebrate 'Samskaras'. Samskaras are events that cause a turning point in one's life. There total such 16 events that they celebrate. Garbandhan (conception), Pumsvan (ceremony performed by those who desire a male child), Seemantonayan (ceremony for the expecting mother to keep her spirits high), Jatakarma (the child is fed mother's milk or the first time after birth), Namkaran (naming ceremony), Nishkraman (the infant sees the sun and the moon for the first time), Annaprashan (child is given solid food to eat for the first time), Chudakaran (a lock of hair is kept, and the remaining is shaved off), Karna-vedha (ears are pierced), Upanayan-Vedarambha (thread ceremony after which the child begins his studies), Keshanta (hair is cut, and guru Dakshina is given), Samavartan (Person returns home after studies are completed), Vivaha (marriage), Vanaprastha (retirement), Sanyas (shedding away all responsibilities and relationships) and Antyeshthi (rites did after death) are the 16 Samskaras. The birth of a child is an event of celebration in which copper plates are beaten together when the child is born along with celebratory gunfire to announce the birth of the child. The child is named eleven days after he or she is born. This is called 'Namkaran'.

Another interesting custom is 'Mundan', in which the hair of the child is shaved completely as it is believed that the hair carries negativity from the child's past life.

9. Traditional Dresses of Rajasthan

The women wear sarees with the 'odhni' covering their head as a sign of respect. The men wear dhotis and kurtas with a headgear called pagri or safah.

The designs on their clothing are either embroidered or dotted. The material of the clothing is usually cotton and even silk for women.

10. Language

Rajasthan depends majorly on income earned via tourism. Thus most of the people have learned English or Hindi or perhaps both to be able to communicate the travellers. However, some dialects originating from Rajasthan include Marwari, Malvi, Mevati, Jaipuri/Dhundari of which the most famous is Marwari.

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ENVIRONMENT

How global warming is disrupting life on Earth

The signs of global warming are everywhere, and are more complex than just climbing temperatures.

Our planet is getting hotter. Since the Industrial Revolution—an event that spurred the use of fossil fuels in everything from power plants to transportation—Earth has warmed by 1 degree Celsius, about 2 degrees Fahrenheit.

That may sound insignificant, but 2023 was the hottest year on record , and all 10 of the hottest years on record have occurred in the past decade.

Global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably as synonyms, but scientists prefer to use “climate change” when describing the complex shifts now affecting our planet’s weather and climate systems.

Climate change encompasses not only rising average temperatures but also natural disasters, shifting wildlife habitats, rising seas , and a range of other impacts. All of these changes are emerging as humans continue to add heat-trapping greenhouse gases , like carbon dioxide and methane, to the atmosphere.

What causes global warming?

When fossil fuel emissions are pumped into the atmosphere, they change the chemistry of our atmosphere, allowing sunlight to reach the Earth but preventing heat from being released into space. This keeps Earth warm, like a greenhouse, and this warming is known as the greenhouse effect .

Carbon dioxide is the most commonly found greenhouse gas and about 75 percent of all the climate warming pollution in the atmosphere. This gas is a product of producing and burning oil, gas, and coal. About a quarter of Carbon dioxide also results from land cleared for timber or agriculture.

Methane is another common greenhouse gas. Although it makes up only about 16 percent of emissions, it's roughly 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide and dissipates more quickly. That means methane can cause a large spark in warming, but ending methane pollution can also quickly limit the amount of atmospheric warming. Sources of this gas include agriculture (mostly livestock), leaks from oil and gas production, and waste from landfills.

What are the effects of global warming?

One of the most concerning impacts of global warming is the effect warmer temperatures will have on Earth's polar regions and mountain glaciers. The Arctic is warming four times faster than the rest of the planet. This warming reduces critical ice habitat and it disrupts the flow of the jet stream, creating more unpredictable weather patterns around the globe.

( Learn more about the jet stream. )

A warmer planet doesn't just raise temperatures. Precipitation is becoming more extreme as the planet heats. For every degree your thermometer rises, the air holds about seven percent more moisture. This increase in moisture in the atmosphere can produce flash floods, more destructive hurricanes, and even paradoxically, stronger snow storms.

The world's leading scientists regularly gather to review the latest research on how the planet is changing. The results of this review is synthesized in regularly published reports known as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports.

A recent report outlines how disruptive a global rise in temperature can be:

Coral reefs are now a highly endangered ecosystem. When corals face environmental stress, such as high heat, they expel their colorful algae and turn a ghostly white, an effect known as coral bleaching . In this weakened state, they more easily die.
Trees are increasingly dying from drought , and this mass mortality is reshaping forest ecosystems.
Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are making wildfires more common and more widespread. Research shows they're even moving into the eastern U.S. where fires have historically been less common.
Hurricanes are growing more destructive and dumping more rain, an effect that will result in more damage. Some scientists say we even need to be preparing for Cat 6 storms . (The current ranking system ends at Cat 5.)

How can we limit global warming?

Limiting the rising in global warming is theoretically achievable, but politically, socially, and economically difficult.

Those same sources of greenhouse gas emissions must be limited to reduce warming. For example, oil and gas used to generate electricity or power industrial manufacturing will need to be replaced by net zero emission technology like wind and solar power. Transportation, another major source of emissions, will need to integrate more electric vehicles, public transportation, and innovative urban design, such as safe bike lanes and walkable cities.

( Learn more about solutions to limit global warming. )

One global warming solution that was once considered far fetched is now being taken more seriously: geoengineering. This type of technology relies on manipulating the Earth's atmosphere to physically block the warming rays of the sun or by sucking carbon dioxide straight out of the sky.

Restoring nature may also help limit warming. Trees, oceans, wetlands, and other ecosystems help absorb excess carbon—but when they're lost, so too is their potential to fight climate change.

Ultimately, we'll need to adapt to warming temperatures, building homes to withstand sea level rise for example, or more efficiently cooling homes during heat waves.

Why all life on Earth depends on trees

Life probably exists beyond Earth. So how do we find it?

For Antarctica’s emperor penguins, ‘there is no time left’

Listen to 30 years of climate change transformed into haunting music

Polar bears are trying to adapt to a warming Arctic. It’s not working.

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The Changing Political Geography of COVID-19 Over the Last Two Years

Over the past two years, the official count of coronavirus deaths in the United States has risen and is now approaching 1 million lives. Large majorities of Americans say they personally know someone who has been hospitalized or died of the coronavirus , and it has impacted – in varying degrees – nearly every aspect of life .

Chart shows two years of coronavirus deaths in the United States

A new Pew Research Center analysis of official reports of COVID-19-related deaths across the country, based on mortality data collected by The New York Times, shows how the dynamics of the pandemic have shifted over the past two years.

A timeline of the shifting geography of the pandemic

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to understand how the geography of the coronavirus outbreak has changed over its course. For this analysis, we relied on official reports of deaths attributed to the novel coronavirus collected and maintained by The New York Times .

The estimates provided in this report are subject to several sources of error. There may be significant differences between the true number of deaths due to COVID-19 and the official reported counts of those deaths. There may also be variation across the states in the quality and types of data reported. For example, most states report deaths based on the residency of the deceased person rather than the location where they died. The New York Times collects data from many different local health agencies, and this likely leads to some additional measurement error.

This analysis relies on county-level data. Counties in the United States vary widely in their population sizes, so in many places in the essay, we divide counties into approximately equal-sized groups (in terms of their population) for comparability or report on population adjusted death rates rather than total counts of deaths.

The pandemic has rolled across the U.S. unevenly and in waves. Today, the death toll of the pandemic looks very different from how it looked in the early part of 2020 . The first wave (roughly the first 125,000 deaths from March 2020 through June 2020) was largely geographically concentrated in the Northeast and in particular the New York City region. During the summer of 2020, the largest share of the roughly 80,000 deaths that occurred during the pandemic’s second wave were in the southern parts of the country.

The fall and winter months of 2020 and early 2021 were the deadliest of the pandemic to date. More than 370,000 Americans died of COVID-19 between October 2020 and April 2021; the geographic distinctions that characterized the earlier waves became much less pronounced.

Chart shows COVID-19 initially ravaged the most densely populated parts of the U.S., but that pattern has changed substantially over the past two years

By the spring and summer of 2021, the nationwide death rate had slowed significantly, and vaccines were widely available to all adults who wanted them. But starting at the end of the summer, the fourth and fifth waves (marked by new variants of the virus, delta and then omicron) came in quick succession and claimed more than 300,000 lives.

In many cases, the characteristics of communities that were associated with higher death rates at the beginning of the pandemic are now associated with lower death rates (and vice versa). Early in the pandemic, urban areas were disproportionately impacted. During the first wave, the coronavirus death rate in the 10% of the country that lives in the most densely populated counties was more than nine times that of the death rate among the 10% of the population living in the least densely populated counties. In each subsequent wave, however, the nation’s least dense counties have registered higher death rates than the most densely populated places.

Despite the staggering death toll in densely populated urban areas during the first months of the pandemic (an average 36 monthly deaths per 100,000 residents), the overall death rate over the course of the pandemic is slightly higher in the least populated parts of the country (an average monthly 15 deaths per 100,000 among the 10% living in the least densely populated counties vs. 13 per 100,000 among the 10% in the most densely populated counties).

Chart shows initially, deaths from COVID-19 were concentrated in Democratic-leaning areas; the highest overall death toll is now in the 20% of the country that is most GOP-leaning

As the relationship between population density and coronavirus death rates has changed over the course of the pandemic, so too has the relationship between counties’ voting patterns and their death rates from COVID-19.

In the spring of 2020, the areas recording the greatest numbers of deaths were much more likely to vote Democratic than Republican. But by the third wave of the pandemic, which began in fall 2020, the pattern had reversed: Counties that voted for Donald Trump over Joe Biden were suffering substantially more deaths from the coronavirus pandemic than those that voted for Biden over Trump. This reversal is likely a result of several factors including differences in mitigation efforts and vaccine uptake, demographic differences, and other differences that are correlated with partisanship at the county level.

Chart shows in early phase of pandemic, far more COVID-19 deaths in counties that Biden would go on to win; since then, there have been many more deaths in pro-Trump counties

During this third wave – which continued into early 2021 – the coronavirus death rate among the 20% of Americans living in counties that supported Trump by the highest margins in 2020 was about 170% of the death rate among the one-in-five Americans living in counties that supported Biden by the largest margins.

As vaccines became more widely available, this discrepancy between “blue” and “red” counties became even larger as the virulent delta strain of the pandemic spread across the country during the summer and fall of 2021, even as the total number of deaths fell somewhat from its third wave peak.

Photo shows a testing site at Dayton General Hospital in Dayton, Washington, in October 2021.

During the fourth wave of the pandemic, death rates in the most pro-Trump counties were about four times what they were in the most pro-Biden counties. When the highly transmissible omicron variant began to spread in the U.S. in late 2021, these differences narrowed substantially. However, death rates in the most pro-Trump counties were still about 180% of what they were in the most pro-Biden counties throughout late 2021 and early 2022.

The cumulative impact of these divergent death rates is a wide difference in total deaths from COVID-19 between the most pro-Trump and most pro-Biden parts of the country. Since the pandemic began, counties representing the 20% of the population where Trump ran up his highest margins in 2020 have experienced nearly 70,000 more deaths from COVID-19 than have the counties representing the 20% of population where Biden performed best. Overall, the COVID-19 death rate in all c ounties Trump won in 2020 is substantially higher than it is in counties Biden won (as of the end of February 2022, 326 per 100,000 in Trump counties and 258 per 100,000 in Biden counties).

Partisan divide in COVID-19 deaths widened as more vaccines became available

Partisan differences in COVID-19 death rates expanded dramatically after the availability of vaccines increased. Unvaccinated people are at far higher risk of death and hospitalization from COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and vaccination decisions are strongly associated with partisanship . Among the large majority of counties for which reliable vaccination data exists, counties that supported Trump at higher margins have substantially lower vaccination rates than those that supported Biden at higher margins.

Photo shows an Army soldier preparing to immunize a woman for COVID-19 at a state-run vaccination site at Miami Dade College North Campus in North Miami, Florida, in March 2021.

Counties with lower rates of vaccination registered substantially greater death rates during each wave in which vaccines were widely available.

During the fall of 2021 (roughly corresponding to the delta wave), about 10% of Americans lived in counties with adult vaccination rates lower than 40% as of July 2021. Death rates in these low-vaccination counties were about six times as high as death rates in counties where 70% or more of the adult population was vaccinated.

Chart shows counties that Biden won in 2020 have higher vaccination rates than counties Trump won

More Americans were vaccinated heading into the winter of 2021 and 2022 (roughly corresponding to the omicron wave), but nearly 10% of the country lived in areas where less than half of the adult population was vaccinated as of November 2021. Death rates in these low-vaccination counties were roughly twice what they were in counties that had 80% or more of their population vaccinated. ( Note: The statistics here reflect the death rates in the county as a whole, not rates for vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, though individual-level data finds that death rates among unvaccinated people are far higher than among vaccinated people.)

This analysis relies on official reports of deaths attributed to COVID-19 in the United States collected and reported by The New York Times .

COVID-19 deaths in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories are not included in this analysis. Additionally, deaths without a specific geographic location have been excluded.

Data was pulled from the GitHub repository maintained by The New York Times on March 1, 2022, and reflects reported coronavirus deaths through Feb. 28.

There are several anomalies in the deaths data. Many locales drop off their reporting on the weekends and holidays. In addition to the rhythm of the reporting cycle, there are many instances where a locality will revise the count of its deaths downward (usually only by a small amount) or release a large batch of previously unreported deaths on a single day. The downward revisions were identified and retroactively applied to earlier days.

Large batches of cases were identified by finding days that increased by more than 10 deaths and were 10 standard deviations above the norm for a county within a 30-day window. Deaths reported in these anomalous batches were then evenly distributed across the days leading up to when they were released.

Population data for U.S. counties comes from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey estimates published by the Census Bureau (accessed through the tidycensus package in R on Feb. 21). The 2020 vote share for each county was purchased from Dave Leip’s Election Atlas (downloaded on Nov. 21, 2021).

The analysis looks at deaths among counties based on their 2020 vote. Counties were grouped into five groups with approximately equal population. For analyses that include 2020 vote, Alaskan counties are excluded because Alaska does not report its election results at the county level. The table below provides more details.

This essay benefited greatly from thoughtful comments and consultation with many individuals around Pew Research Center. Jocelyn Kiley, Carroll Doherty and Jeb Bell provided invaluable editorial guidance. Peter Bell and Alissa Scheller contributed their expertise in visualization, Ben Wormald built the map animation, and Reem Nadeem did the digital production. Andrew Daniller provided careful attention to the quality check process, and David Kent’s watchful copy editing eye brought clarity to some difficult concepts.

Lead photo: Kent Nishimura/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images

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ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

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Climate Change Added a Month’s Worth of Extra-Hot Days in Past Year

Since last May, the average person experienced 26 more days of abnormal warmth than they would have without global warming, a new analysis found.

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By Raymond Zhong

Over the past year of record-shattering warmth, the average person on Earth experienced 26 more days of abnormally high temperatures than they otherwise would have, were it not for human-induced climate change, scientists said Tuesday.

The past 12 months have been the planet’s hottest ever measured, and the burning of fossil fuels, which has added huge amounts of heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere, is a major reason. Nearly 80 percent of the world’s population experienced at least 31 days of atypical warmth since last May as a result of human-caused warming, the researchers’ analysis found.

Hypothetically, had we not heated the globe to its current state , the number of unusually warm days would have been far fewer, the scientists estimated, using mathematical modeling of the global climate.

The precise difference varies place to place. In some countries, it is just two or three weeks, the researchers found. In others, including Colombia, Indonesia and Rwanda, the difference is upward of 120 days.

“That’s a lot of toll that we’ve imposed on people,” said one of the researchers who conducted the new analysis, Andrew Pershing, the vice president for science at Climate Central, a nonprofit research and news organization based in Princeton, N.J., adding, “It’s a lot of toll that we’ve imposed on nature.” In parts of South America and Africa, he said, it amounts to “120 days that just wouldn’t be there without climate change.”

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Rajasthan
After 1947 the princely states and chiefships were integrated into India in stages, and the state took the name Rajasthan. It assumed its present form on November 1, 1956, when the States Reorganization Act came into force. Area 132,139 square miles (342,239 square km). Pop. (2011) 68,621,012.
Essay on Rajasthan
500 Words Essay on Rajasthan Introduction. Rajasthan, the land of kings and the largest state in India, is a vibrant amalgamation of colors, culture, and history. ... Geographical Features. Rajasthan's geography is as diverse as its culture. The Aravalli Range, one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, bisects the state into two ...
Rajasthan
Rajasthan (Hindi: [rɑːdʒəsˈtʰɑːn] ⓘ; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northwestern India. It covers 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. It is on India's northwestern side, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also ...
Geography of Rajasthan
Geography of Rajasthan. Rajasthan, situated at the northwestern part of India is the biggest state in the country of India and lies between 23°30' and 30° 11' North latitude and 69° 29' and 78 ...
Geography Of Rajasthan: A Comprehensive Overview
15. Conclusion. 1. Overview of Rajasthan's Geographical Location. Rajasthan is located in the northwestern part of India and shares its borders with Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat. It spans over an area of approximately 342,239 square kilometers, making it the largest state in terms of land area.
Geography Of Rajasthan
The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River, although a series of broken ridges … Geography Of Rajasthan Read More »
Geography & History of Rajasthan
Geography of Rajasthan. Lying between 23°30' and 30°11'North latitudes and 69° 29' and 78 ° 17' East longitudes in the northwestern part of India, Rajasthan is indeed one of the biggest states ...
Rajasthan Foundation
Geography. Rajasthan is situated in India's northwestern corner. Rajasthan is India's largest state, covering 10.4 percent of the country's total land area. Pakistan's Punjab and Sindh provinces surround it on the northwest and west, accordingly, other Indian states with which it shares borders are Punjab to the north, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh ...
(PDF) Reconfiguring the Historical Landscape of Rajasthan Essays for G
Reconfiguring the Historical Landscape of Rajasthan Essays for G.S.L. Devra Edited by- Mayank Kumar, Rameshwar Prasad Bahuguna, Suraj Bhan Bhardwaj, & Sangeeta Sharma ISBN 9789350026939, Year 2021, Pages 372, INR 1195/The political geography of Rajasthan in medieval times stretched far beyond modern day boundaries of State of Rajasthan.
Rajasthan State
History, Geography, Places, Economy. Rajasthan is the largest state by area in India. It is located on the western side of the country, located between 23 30' and 30 11' North latitude and 69 29' and 78 17' East longitude. It shares international border with Pakistan and with 5 other states of India including Punjab, Haryana, Uttar ...
Essay on Rajasthan in 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words
Essay on Rajasthan in 500 Words. The essay on Rajasthan provides an insightful exploration of India's largest state, known for its rich history, culture, and diverse traditions. It touches upon the historical significance of the region. The essay also highlights Rajasthan's traditional arts, vibrant festivals, distinctive cuisine, and captivating music and dance forms.
PDF Geographical Setting of Rajasthan-The Desert Land of India
the particular boundaries between locations. Geography can help us comprehend the movement, changes, and systems of the globe. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore the physical features of Rajasthan. Furthermore, our study tries to examine how the present state of Rajasthan was formed.
(PDF) Geography of Rajasthan
Rajasthan is located in the northern and western. hemisphere, most of which is in the north of the tropic. of cancer. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the. south of Banswara town. The state's ...
Biodiversity of Rajasthan
Biodiversity is the Diversity of Plant and Animal Life in a Particular Habitat Rajasthan is a state in northern India with Jaipur as its capital. Most of it is covered with a huge proportion of desert, it also has some densely thick forests with a wide range of flora and fauna. Rajasthan's desert is also an enormous habitat for native animals and plants. With over 2000 plants, 87 mammals, 114 ...
Rajasthan
Economy profile. Rajasthan's estimated gross state domestic product (GSDP) for 2020-2021 was Rs 957,912 crore, a decline of 4.11 percent from the previous year. In 2019-2020, the state achieved a GSDP of Rs 998,999 crore and grew 8.38 percent. The per capita income for 2020-2021 was estimated at Rs 109,386.
Geography of Rajasthan
The highest point is Mount Abu, with 2,666 m (8,790 ft). The average annual rainfall in Rajasthan is 610 mm, while in south India ranges from 750 mm to 780 mm. To make it clear, the state lies in the rain shadow areas of the region. Rajasthan lies between 24°7′ and 30°30′ north latitude and 74°38′ and 76°46′ east longitude.
Detailed Index
Full syllabus notes, lecture and questions for Detailed Index - Geography of Rajasthan Section - RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material and Tests - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) - Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material and Tests - Best notes, free PDF download
Geography of Rajasthan
Enhance your skills with practice papers tailored for Geography of Rajasthan, question paper analysis, and language proficiency. Access the best books, sample papers, and study material specifically designed for Geography of Rajasthan to ensure effective preparation. Stay informed about the RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) exam date and official website ...
Geography of Rajasthan
Geography of Rajasthan. Author: Misra, V.C Publisher: National book trust,Newd elhi Source: Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi Type: E-Book Received From: Archaeological Survey of India
Tourism in Rajasthan
Schematic map of Rajasthan Travel map. Rajasthan is one of the most popular tourist destinations in India, for both domestic and international tourists. Rajasthan attracts tourists for its historical forts, palaces, art and culture with its slogan "Padharo Mhare Desh (Welcome to my land.)" The capital city, Jaipur, also known as Pink City, is a very popular tourist destination and is a part of ...
Culture of Rajasthan
Since many rulers ruled Rajasthan, each region has its own folk culture. The folk music and dance of Rajasthan are similar due to their geographical confinement, but each differs in their unique style. Manganiyars and Langas are two prominent groups that contributed to the Rajasthan folk music. They perform 'ragas' (songs) for different purposes.
[PDF] Rajasthan Geography
This article which is based on Rajasthan Geography Notes , a part of our most viewed notes on www.upscpdf.in, which we think our readers not supposed to miss.Readers may download the each of the notes as PDF free of cost just click on Download button. Check out latest study materials at our Website UPSCPDF on daily basis also you can enter your email to subscribe our website to get ...
RAS RPSC Study Notes: River System and Lakes of Rajasthan
River drainage system of Rajasthan is decided by Aravalli Range which works as the divides the rivers of Rajasthan in two parts. On the basis of this Rivers are divided into 3 groups. 1. Rivers that drain in the Bay of Bengal. Chambal River. In the ancient time, it was called "Charmanyavati".
Identities in Hybridity: Jasnath Sampraday of the Bikaner Region and
The objective of the article is to look at the formation of identities, as their cultural forms and practices grew with multiple and diverse tendencies. This led to the occurrence of different tren...
What are the effects of global warming?
What are the effects of global warming? One of the most concerning impacts of global warming is the effect warmer temperatures will have on Earth's polar regions and mountain glaciers. The Arctic ...
The Changing Political Geography of COVID-19 Over the Last Two Years
During the summer of 2020, the largest share of the roughly 80,000 deaths that occurred during the pandemic's second wave were in the southern parts of the country. The fall and winter months of 2020 and early 2021 were the deadliest of the pandemic to date. More than 370,000 Americans died of COVID-19 between October 2020 and April 2021; the ...
Climate Change Added a Month's Worth of Extra-Hot Days in Past Year
May 28, 2024. Leer en español. Over the past year of record-shattering warmth, the average person on Earth experienced 26 more days of abnormally high temperatures than they otherwise would have ...
Rajasthan Police Constable Syllabus 2024: PDF Download for ...
Rajasthan Police Constable Syllabus 2024: The Director-General of Police, Rajasthan will conduct Rajasthan Police Constable recruitment in two stages, i.e., physical endurance and written exam tests.

30 March 1949	: 33
Area: 3,42,239 Sq. Kms.	Largest City:
:	: Shri Kalraj Mishra

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