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The World Is Becoming A Global Village (Essay Sample) 2023

The world is becoming a global village.

Globalizations in the world have taken roots over the years leading to connection of different countries and different nationalities across. Internet, media, international business and embassies are one of the leading factors that influence globalization. It has been severally said that today the world has become a village in which there are no boundaries to trade and communication between countries or people in different countries. As a result it has led to several merits and demerits in different countries. All in all globalization has made positive impact than the drawback of the same. It has led to employment, exchange of culture, interconnection of large business and enterprises. This essay seeks to describe how the world is becoming a global village as well as the merits that that come with it.

Across the entire world people have reached and transcended in the neighborhood although they are of different countries or places, they are involved in a network stretching in communities across cities, religion, countries, government and across the oceans. The ease of telecommunication has seen people networking especially on social media and exchanges their culture, create new friendship, it has increased the density of interconnection within the existing social cluster. Through this globalizations and internet it has eases the process of sociology to an extend that through social media people can comment on people’s post as well as sharing the same post to their friends who are on social media. Social media has also created a platform where individual can access employment in different countries of which in the past people were unable to get jobs due to their geographical location. As a result it has made life better and the world has become a wonderful place one can live in. Due to this interconnection people have learn new cultures and some have been able to build and maintain good relationships since they exchange ideas, opinions, posts, video’s through this channels.

Globalization has made positive impact on larger business or companies Multinational companies have been able to sell products manufactured by them, as well as creating marketing agencies in different countries. For instance Mcdonald’s company due to its progress in the business industries it has been able to open branches across the street and across the globe. People have now the opportunity to make investments in neighboring countries and across the ocean. This creates job opportunity and eliminates poverty and has riley helped in fighting low social economy in people. Due to the policy of free trade people now have opted to export and import goods to which it creates profit to the company as well as revenue to the government for example business in Asia and large companies have been able to create their profit through foreign exchange. All this positive achievements due to globalization make it seem to be a global village. Political wise, countries have been able to withstand challenges facing them and this has led to governments learning how developed countries do as a result it has led to good relationships between governments of different states. Although globalization due to technology has made a positive impact but it has made drawbacks because some companies end up leaving their countries and be established where there is cheap labor. This creates a gap and unemployment comes in.

In conclusion. The world is now a global place and people have seen it improve through exchange culture; learn different diversity of cultures through social media platform. business have become large and profit has been realized since the world is a global place, improvement in trade exchange since the introduction of free trade among countries, creation of employments and creating no boundary for people hence they can meet and interact. Technology is the cause of globalization and the reason for the world to be a global village.

Why the World Is a Global Village

By: Author Valerie Forgeard

Posted on Published: December 23, 2021  - Last updated: September 29, 2023

Categories Community , Culture , Society , Technology

We live in a world that is constantly changing.

The way we connect with others has changed and so has the way we view the world. We are now living in a global village.

This means that there are no boundaries when it comes to communication and relationships. We can connect with anyone, anywhere in the world, at any time.

With technology becoming more advanced and social media becoming more popular, the global village is only going to continue to grow.

So what does this mean for our future? And how do we make sure that everyone benefits from this growing community? Read on to find out!

The Rise of Globalism

People are always talking about the world becoming a global village, but no one stops to explain what that even means.

We communicate quickly and across the world without physical borders. Even if you live in the United States, there’s probably someone you know who lives in another country.

As globalism spreads like wildfire, it’s easier than ever for people around the world to trade and exchange.

In the 21st century, more than ever, the world is a global village that’s interconnected.

The Concept of the Global Village

The term Global Village was coined by Marshall McLuhan in the early 1960s. Marshall McLuhan was a Canadian philosopher who studied media theory.

In the 21st century, it refers to the way various media and technologies have accelerated social interaction and cultural change around the world.

Many communicators and educators have adopted it to promote global awareness and understanding among students. The term Global Village is based on the view that the world is interconnected.

The concept of the global village has been adapted and used over the years.

Globalization has been a popular and influential development in recent decades as the pace of the international economy has accelerated and technology has enabled people to communicate across great distances.

Related: What Is the Role of Solidarity in National and Global Community Development .

The global village isn’t only an increase in electronic media, but rather a decrease in the distance that brings people closer together.

Its concept means that our rural villages are no longer separate entities, but interconnected parts of a large community where knowledge, culture, and even languages and lifestyles have merged into one.

The World Has Become a Global Village

The world has become a global village in more ways than one.

If we talk about the technological progress in the world, we can say that the world has become a global village through the World Wide Web revolution.

It’s made it possible to connect people regardless of where their geographical location.

The global village isn’t limited to just one technology but also includes social media.

Social media allows you to connect with other people regardless of their geographical location.

You can use social media platforms to interact with people around the world and discuss various topics, from politics and sports to music and movies.

It won’t be long before we feel that people in other parts of the world are our neighbors.

10 Advantages of the Global Village

1. interconnectedness.

Interconnectedness gives individuals, groups, and almost every nation the opportunity to interact and learn from each other’s experiences, knowledge, and cultures.

It also gives us the opportunity to think differently than ever before.

The possibilities are endless when we can connect with people around the world to find new ideas, new thoughts, and new solutions to problems we’re trying to solve.

Before networking, we’d rely on word of mouth or the few available means of electronic media.

Now we can check everything on the Internet instantly and get new perspectives from anyone anywhere in the world, 24/7.

2. Togetherness

Life is much more beautiful when we share our happiness with others.

When we have a loving partner who supports and cares for us, life is more meaningful and beautiful than ever before.

Removing geographical boundaries also removes language and cultural barriers that hinder communication between people around the world who live in different countries.

People can share information about their skills, hobbies, and other things they’re passionate about so that everyone can learn something new.

After everything that happened in the last century (e.g. World War II, the Cold War, etc.), we’ve realized the importance of togetherness.

Togetherness is the basis for peace and prosperity for all nations around the world. It’s what makes us truly human and distinguishes us from other species we know.

Related: What Can We Do to Make a Peaceful World

3. Job Opportunities

Nowadays, there are many job opportunities for everyone, as many job searches aren’t limited to a specific geographical area.

With the increase of cultural globalization and communication technology in the 21st century, you never have to be left behind in the fight for the best job.

You can simply log into your account on any social media platform or online job search website to see hundreds of potential jobs waiting for your resumes.

Some people even get a job by networking with the right people and not limiting themselves to a specific location or company.

The number of jobs you can get is truly unlimited if you keep your eyes and ears open and look for opportunities in your area.

As of COVID 19, you’ve even more opportunities to work from home. You could live in India and work for a company in the United States or elsewhere in North America.

4. Business Opportunities

The first advantage is that you can do everything from home, which means you can do your work from home.

You can be your own boss and also hire people to work for you from anywhere in the world.

Cultural globalization has also led to the development of newer technologies and products that have changed society for the better.

The World Wide Web is an example of a networked product that’s evolved into something much bigger than its original purpose.

The key to harnessing the power of networking is to find people who’re “connected” to you. These are people who’ve similar goals and ideas as you and who may be able to help you advance your work and your dreams.

By connecting with people around the world, you can build a network of support that will help you achieve your goals faster than if you tried to do it alone.

It also means you can reach more potential clients and business partners.

5. Diversity

When people talk about diversity, they mean differences in many areas of life. It can refer to a person’s gender, race, religion, abilities or even personality.

The concept of diversity is based on the belief that all people have the same value and potential.

In order for each individual to reach their full potential, they must be offered opportunities regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, language preference, or socioeconomic background.

Diversity can also help an organization improve its overall effectiveness by encouraging creativity and innovation through the introduction of new perspectives and ideas.

6. Cultural Awareness

Cultural awareness refers to familiarity with a variety of cultural traditions, practices, attitudes, customs, and beliefs.

Tolerance is an important component of cultural awareness. It’s not always easy to accept different cultures and ways of life that are different from our own.

Learning to tolerate differences promotes understanding and acceptance of other cultures and peoples.

Knowing how to communicate with people from other cultures will make it easier for you to move up the career ladder, especially if you’re seeking a leadership position in a multinational company.

This will give you an advantage over others who don’t have the same skills.

If you’re familiar with other cultures and how they work, you’ll be able to make friends much easier. Having friends from all over the world will make your life more interesting and fun!

7. Shared Knowledge

Shared knowledge is the sum of human knowledge and it shows in our collective intelligence.

It’s the intelligent, organized, and cumulative accumulation of all the knowledge in the world, including facts, concepts, principles, theories, and even heuristics that can be used to solve problems or create opportunities.

Shared knowledge is a basic human need.

We crave companionship and conversation, we want to be informed about the world around us, and in some cases, we need to know that our knowledge is shared by others.

A healthy society depends on it.

8. Progress

New technologies give us the opportunity to progress as individuals and as a society.

On a personal level, we gain time to progress instead of spending our time doing paperwork, for example, because we can now do everything quickly online.

We also know much more about the world and can make more informed decisions.

We’re also evolving on a societal level, as we learn more about communication technology, public health, economics, civil society, and even foreign policy.

The ability to share knowledge helps us move forward as a global society and accelerates the process of solving problems (e.g. global warming).

Our interconnectedness with the world around us opens up new avenues of unlimited possibilities.

It also brings new challenges and opportunities. We’re connected to other people, but also to our environment (the city we live in and its various elements), to information (the Internet, books, newspapers, magazines), to opportunities (networking events), and many other things.

The sheer amount of things and concepts we’re networked with can be overwhelming at times, but it also gives us a huge range of choices.

Plus, you can find an answer to almost any question, just like you found this article, and learn something new from anyone in the world at any time.

In the past, you’d buy newspapers to get the news, and information was limited to a single newsstand, and your mail took months to get from one side of your continent to the other.

10. Global Support

There are times when you don’t want to wait for help, especially if you’re in the middle of a natural disaster and your life is on the line.

Maybe it’s how you can get something done, or you need help as soon as possible.

If your loved ones are on the other side of the world, you can quickly find out what’s going on locally.

For example, the United Nations and mass media publish immediately when an earthquake or other disaster occurs somewhere, and with the Internet, there’s more shared information than ever before.

With instantaneous sharing, you no longer have to wait to get support from the United Nations or an NGO; you can share your concern on social media immediately.

For example, a few years ago, a friend of mine in Thailand needed urgent surgery.

By instantaneous sharing on social media, many of his acquaintances and loved ones donated and he was saved.

Before the electronic communication, he’d’ve had to call everyone individually, which would have taken time and been expensive.

10 Disadvantages of the Global Village

1. isolation.

The world is changing, and faster than anyone could’ve imagined.

This pace has led to a paradox: We’re more connected than ever before, but loneliness has reached epidemic proportions in the developed world.

It’s not because we don’t have friends or family with whom to share important moments in our lives.

Rather, we’ve become slaves to communication technology, which keeps us so busy that we no longer bother to build real relationships with people.

We’re too busy with electronic communication to participate in the everyday interactions that enrich our lives and bring us joy.

And how can you be truly intimate with someone if you’re constantly looking at your phone?

Networking is meant to connect us, not disconnect us from ourselves, our fellow human beings, and most importantly, the moment.

Living in a global village isn’t all fun and games. It also has its drawbacks, one of which is stress.

This stress manifests itself in many ways: work stress, relationship stress, financial stress, and the fear of missing out.

Being truly part of the global village means being connected to the worldwide communication network. This makes it possible to know what’s going on anytime, anywhere. While this kind of awareness can be exciting, it can also cause stress.

When you live in a global village, you’ve almost instantaneous access to information from all over the world.

There’s no way to avoid learning that something is happening somewhere right now if you want to know.

And we all know that one more thing to consume on top of everything else can be too much for even the toughest consumer.

This leads to the constant feeling of “not being good enough” because no matter how hard you try to keep up with your own obligations, there will always be someone who’s making better use of their time or money than you.

Feeling behind can cause you to feel anxious or depressed and lose your self-confidence.

The fear of missing out is also common and causes many people to lose sleep because they’ve to constantly look at their phones to catch up on the latest on social media.

3. Lifestyle

As we become more connected online, we tend to invest more time and money in technology.

As a result, our lifestyle becomes more and more expensive.

Therefore, we sacrifice other areas such as relationships and physical health because they aren’t as “convenient.”

Another disadvantage of technology is that it can distract us.

We’ve become so addicted to social media that we care less about our loved ones.

Nowadays, kids don’t even know how to talk face-to-face because they’re constantly texting and chatting online with their friends.

Technology has made us more interested in the virtual than the real. Interactions are less profound than they used to be and less spontaneous.

It’s become so easy to cancel a meeting with friends via Messenger that many have lost the value of seeing their loved ones face to face, and the same happens when we break up with someone.

Instead of having the courage to have an honest face-to-face conversation that could be important for our personal growth, many people today choose the easy way out, which leads them to make the same mistakes over and over again.

4. Lack of Privacy

Networking has raised some concerns among users who don’t want their personal information to be published on the Internet.

One of the main features of this new hyperconnected environment is the availability of a wealth of data collected about us by various companies and their machines: what we say, who we talk to, where we go, what we buy, how much money we make, what computer games we play.

It’s not that data about our lives wasn’t available before.

There’s a difference between something that’s available and something that’s freely available for anyone to see in real-time.

This difference is important and has consequences. It’s important because access to large amounts of personal data can be abused.

The biggest disadvantage of networking is that it kills the element of surprise and curiosity.

There are no more surprises as if you knew where you were traveling before you started your trip.

You’ve already done in-depth research on the destination of your trip and there are no more surprises.

You know all about your destination, depending on your traveling purposes.

Researching on the Internet has reduced the excitement and it’s no longer fun to travel.

It’s become more of a chore than excitement and fun.

Travel agencies have been replaced by online booking portals and today there are millions of websites offering information about hotels, flights, car rentals, etc.

The Internet has made everything easier and faster, but sometimes it’s also taken the fun out of it.

The element of surprise is gone and you know too much before you start your journey.

Therefore, there’s also the possibility that you don’t like something or you don’t like your journey, which leads to disappointment because you’ve idealized your destination.

We always think that more choice is a good thing. However, it can also be quite overwhelming. This feeling is amplified by social media, where we see peers doing exciting things and having fun.

Too many options make us feel greedy and excessive.

We want more than we need, and we don’t want to give up anything. We ask ourselves, “Why not me?” or “Why can’t I have that too?”.

When we don’t get what we want, we blame others and think they’re greedy for preventing us from getting what we want. We feel that we’re missing out on something in life if we don’t do the same.

7. Misinformation

Information travels at the speed of light. This is both a good and a bad thing.

The ability to communicate instantly with people around the world has many positive effects.

In the 21st century, spreading misinformation becomes as easy as spreading knowledge.

Searching for reliable information in this sea of noise can be daunting. Our daily lives, our work, and even our sense of identity can depend on it.

I’m not talking here about made-up news or information about things that don’t exist, like the legendary monsters that supposedly roam the jungles of Africa.

This is misinformation that’s based on fact but presented in a way that creates a false image or makes people believe something is true when it’s not.

Most of the time, this is done intentionally by those who have a specific goal or don’t adhere to the truth.

For example, in the COVID 19 era, there are so many conspiracy theories about the vaccine that people no longer see the value of scientific research. It also limits good intentions: Because of the spread of misinformation and propaganda, social media has restricted advertising for certain keywords, such as COVID 19 or climate change.

My global community, World Citizen Artists, sometimes runs solidarity campaigns to bring attention to these issues, and we do everything we can to make sure we don’t spread misinformation.

However, because we don’t have as much authority as the well-known mass media, our ads on social media are often rejected because they’re about social issues.

We can’t blame them, because, with over 4.5 billion people on the Internet, they’ve to make general rules and can’t review every post in detail, which is just a result of misinformation.

On the other hand, without today’s networking, we wouldn’t even have our global community.

8. Competitiveness for Job Seekers

One drawback is competitiveness for job seekers, businesses, and individual global citizens.

With over 4.5 billion Internet users, there are too many candidates for every job opening.

There are many reasons why hiring is becoming more complicated.

The global village, as I like to call it, is made up of people with many different backgrounds, cultures, and opinions.

The days of having a job for life are over (also because of robotization).

If you want to be successful in your job today, you’ve to be ready to constantly adapt to new circumstances, new challenges, and new ways of working, and you’ve to have a high level of education.

9. Competitiveness for Companies

Due to globalization, companies must compete with foreign companies in their home market.

For example, a company from North America has to compete with Asian companies and vice versa.

It’s quite possible that customers prefer products of foreign competitors for various reasons (price, quality, etc.). This is the main problem because it can lead to the bankruptcy of a company.

The second problem is a recession. The main cause of recession is overproduction.

Many goods are produced more than demanded.

This leads to a decrease in product prices and profits.

As a result, companies have to lay off workers, which increases the unemployment rate.

To survive in this situation, companies must restructure and find ways to reduce their production costs.

This consequence is also harmful to the environment.

10. Reduction of Awareness

The digital world of the 21st century offers us a wealth of data and a wealth of opportunities, but can we really experience it all?

Digital technology has brought many positive changes, but we run the risk of losing sight of what’s important in all the noise.

When we’re exposed to too many messages at once, our brains can only focus on a limited amount of information – this is called attention span.

To process all this information and decide which parts are important enough to keep in mind, we rely on our cognitive filters – or mental shortlists – to help us decide what’s worth our time and effort.

Our filters function like automatic sieves that prevent certain details from arriving.

The vast amount of information transmitted over electronic media has given us access to more knowledge and learning than we’ve ever experienced before.

But it’s also presented us with a paradoxical problem. For not all information is necessarily relevant or suitable for our needs.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Global Village

If you’d asked me 20 years ago, I’d have been against certain areas of networking for some of the reasons listed above.

However, in the 21st century, we live in a very different world, and in order to solve global problems, we’ve passed the stage where we can live without them, and many of these problems can only be solved as a global village.

I personally think that, given the global problems we face today, there are more advantages than disadvantages to moving forward as a global village.

As Marshall McLuhan said “There are no passengers on spaceship earth. We are all crew.”

Think “Cultural Globalization”, Understand “Local”

The world is becoming a global village where we’re all connected, from developed to developing countries.

The problem is that many people are still stuck in their local thinking and don’t understand that cultural globalization would help solve many challenges, such as global warming in developed and developing countries.

We need to take the time to understand other cultures and how they think before we make any assumptions about them.

The rule for this is “Think World”, Understand “Local” and that’s exactly what I did and was successful.

I was able to connect with all other developed and developing countries on a deeper level, which opened up many opportunities that I wouldn’t have found if I was still stuck in my local thinking.

By learning about the culture of local people, the history of their country, the strengths and challenges of their nation, I was able to build the global community of World Citizen Artists , which many members refer to as a global village, even though we’re still a small organization – because we’re diverse and global.

Building a global culture is only possible if we understand what “local” means in each country in which we operate, and if we learn to accept cultural differences.

Essay on Global Village

Students are often asked to write an essay on Global Village in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Global Village

Introduction.

The term “Global Village” refers to the world being closely connected like a small village due to advancements in technology and communication.

Technology’s Role

Technology plays a big role in making the world a Global Village. Internet, smartphones, and social media have brought people closer.

This concept has many benefits. It allows the sharing of ideas, culture, and values globally, promoting understanding and cooperation.

However, it also poses challenges. Cultural intrusion, loss of privacy, and cyber threats are some issues.

Despite the challenges, the Global Village brings us closer, fostering a sense of global community.

250 Words Essay on Global Village

The concept of global village.

The term “Global Village” was first coined by Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher, who envisaged the world shrunk into a village by the electric technology. The concept refers to the intertwining of economies, cultures, and knowledge, facilitated by the advancements in communication and transportation technologies.

Implications of Global Village

The emergence of the Global Village has profound implications. Economically, it has led to the globalization of markets, where businesses transcend national boundaries, fostering economic interdependence. Culturally, it has resulted in the exchange and integration of diverse cultures, leading to a global culture. However, this cultural convergence often leads to the erosion of local cultures.

Technology and the Global Village

Technology plays a pivotal role in shaping the Global Village. The advent of the internet, social media, and digital communication platforms have accelerated the process of globalization, enabling real-time interaction, collaboration, and exchange of information across the globe.

Challenges and Opportunities

While the Global Village presents numerous opportunities, it also poses significant challenges. The increased interconnectivity exposes economies to global economic fluctuations. Moreover, the digital divide between developed and developing nations exacerbates inequalities. On the flip side, the Global Village fosters global citizenship, promoting a sense of shared responsibility towards global issues such as climate change, poverty, and social justice.

In conclusion, the Global Village represents a world where borders are blurred, and cultures, economies, and knowledge are interconnected. While it brings challenges, it also offers immense opportunities for global collaboration and understanding.

500 Words Essay on Global Village

The concept of a global village.

The term “Global Village” was first coined by Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher, to describe the world that has been contracted into a village by electric technology and the instantaneous movement of information from every quarter to every point at the same time. In our modern context, this concept has evolved to encapsulate the interconnectedness of the world through the internet, digital technology, and globalization.

The Role of Technology

The advent of technology has played a significant role in shrinking the world into a global village. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized the way we communicate, enabling immediate interaction regardless of geographical boundaries. The internet, in particular, has been instrumental in this transformation. It has fostered a new form of social interaction through social media platforms, allowing for real-time communication and creating a sense of a shared global community.

Globalization and Cultural Exchange

Globalization, another driving force behind the global village, has facilitated the exchange of ideas and cultures. It has led to the emergence of a global culture, where cultural boundaries are becoming increasingly blurred. This cultural exchange has been further amplified by the rise of global media, which broadcasts diverse cultural expressions to a worldwide audience. This phenomenon has resulted in a greater understanding and appreciation of different cultures, fostering a sense of global unity.

Economic Implications

The global village also has profound economic implications. With the advent of the digital economy, businesses are no longer confined by geographical boundaries. They can operate on a global scale, reaching customers from different corners of the world. This has led to a more integrated global economy, characterized by increased trade and economic interdependence. However, it also poses challenges such as increased competition and the risk of economic contagion.

Challenges and Criticisms

Despite the many benefits, the concept of a global village is not without its criticisms and challenges. The digital divide, the gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not, threatens to exacerbate social inequalities. Additionally, the homogenization of cultures may lead to the loss of cultural diversity, as dominant cultures overshadow local traditions.

Moreover, the global village concept is often criticized for promoting a utopian view of global unity, while overlooking the persisting divisions and conflicts in the world. It is argued that the global village is more of an ideal than a reality, as disparities in wealth, power, and access to resources continue to exist.

In conclusion, the concept of the global village represents the interconnectedness of our modern world, facilitated by technology, globalization, and cultural exchange. While it presents numerous opportunities for social, cultural, and economic integration, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed. As we continue to navigate this global village, it is crucial to strive for a more inclusive, equitable, and diverse global community.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Visit to a Village
• Essay on Village Panchayat
• Essay on Village

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

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Globalization.

Globalization is a term used to describe the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies.

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Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result. It may be pictured as the threads of an immense spider web formed over millennia, with the number and reach of these threads increasing over time. People, money, material goods, ideas, and even disease and devastation have traveled these silken strands, and have done so in greater numbers and with greater speed than ever in the present age. When did globalization begin? The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes across China, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean used between 50 B.C.E. and 250 C.E., is perhaps the most well-known early example of exchanging ideas, products, and customs. As with future globalizing booms, new technologies played a key role in the Silk Road trade. Advances in metallurgy led to the creation of coins; advances in transportation led to the building of roads connecting the major empires of the day; and increased agricultural production meant more food could be trafficked between locales. Along with Chinese silk, Roman glass, and Arabian spices, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and the secrets of paper-making also spread via these tendrils of trade. Unquestionably, these types of exchanges were accelerated in the Age of Exploration, when European explorers seeking new sea routes to the spices and silks of Asia bumped into the Americas instead. Again, technology played an important role in the maritime trade routes that flourished between old and newly discovered continents. New ship designs and the creation of the magnetic compass were key to the explorers’ successes. Trade and idea exchange now extended to a previously unconnected part of the world, where ships carrying plants, animals, and Spanish silver between the Old World and the New also carried Christian missionaries. The web of globalization continued to spin out through the Age of Revolution, when ideas about liberty , equality , and fraternity spread like fire from America to France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves of industrialization , colonization , and war through the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, powered by the invention of factories, railways, steamboats, cars, and planes. With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. Advances in computer and communications technology launched a new global era and redefined what it meant to be “connected.” Modern communications satellites meant the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo could be watched in the United States for the first time. The World Wide Web and the Internet allowed someone in Germany to read about a breaking news story in Bolivia in real time. Someone wishing to travel from Boston, Massachusetts, to London, England, could do so in hours rather than the week or more it would have taken a hundred years ago. This digital revolution massively impacted economies across the world as well: they became more information-based and more interdependent. In the modern era, economic success or failure at one focal point of the global web can be felt in every major world economy. The benefits and disadvantages of globalization are the subject of ongoing debate. The downside to globalization can be seen in the increased risk for the transmission of diseases like ebola or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or in the kind of environmental harm that scientist Paul R. Furumo has studied in microcosm in palm oil plantations in the tropics. Globalization has of course led to great good, too. Richer nations now can—and do—come to the aid of poorer nations in crisis. Increasing diversity in many countries has meant more opportunity to learn about and celebrate other cultures. The sense that there is a global village, a worldwide “us,” has emerged.

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Mass Media and the Global Village

November 17, 2016 | yalepress | Current Affairs , Technology

It’s University Press Week and the theme this year is communities. As part of the annual blog tour , we’re taking a look at mass media and its effect on communities and the global village as a whole.

Carlo Ratti & Matthew Claudel—

A new form of communication exploded into the early twentieth century, wildly skewing the nature of human connectivity with a sudden force: mass media. The way humans have always related—face-to-face dialogue between neighbors and friends—was expanded by orders of magnitude. With this amplification, elements of the village, whether social or functional, took on new reactive properties, and the world shrank dramatically. Marshall McLuhan, one of the fathers of social media theory, described the universal connective paradigm as a global village: an entire planet of people living as neighbors, suddenly given the tools to speak, or shout, around the world. Humanity was connected from any and every location.

Yet in McLuhan’s time the idea of the global village accounted only for unidirectional mass media like radio and television. Information streamed outward, from privileged content-creators to distributors to passive consumers. Universal communication functioned more as a megaphone than as a telephone, amplifying inherent tensions in society rather than promoting cohesion. McLuhan readily acknowledged that “the more you create village conditions,” the more you generate “discontinuity and division and diversity. The Global Village absolutely insures maximal disagreement on all points. It never occurred to me that uniformity and tranquility were properties of the Global Village. It has more spite and envy. The spaces and times are pulled out from between people. A world in which people encounter each other in depth all the time. The tribal-global village is far more divisive—full of fighting—than any nationalism ever was. Village is fission, not fusion, in depth all the time.” Unidirectional mass media brought a clash of polemics on the global scale.

In the 1980s, soon after McLuhan died, a new connective infrastructure arose that would cause even more sweeping and dramatic changes. The bidirectional connective interface of the Internet became a jumble of top-down and bottom-up energy. More than could ever have been possible through television or radio, people began to share ideas, thoughts, work, obsessions, and intimacies to the widest extent of the network. The choke points of media providers were opened (though not obliterated), and content was democratized to a certain extent. Media became dialogue rather than monologue, and it was at this moment that humanity began coming together as a real village, with shared culture, ideas, and discussion.

People were unified by a pervasive “space of flows.” “There is a new spatial form characteristic of social practices that dominate and shape the network society: the space of flows,” wrote Manuel Castells, the sociologist who coined the term. “The space of flows is the material organization of time-sharing social practices that work through flows. By flows I understand purposeful, repetitive, programmable sequences of exchange and interaction between physically disjointed positions held by social actors.” That is, physical space can no longer be considered absolute. It cannot be divorced from its digital dimension.

Neither could this new system be neutral. The space of flows refers to a merger of virtual networks and material space—one in which digital and physical configurations actively influence one another. But how? What effect would the space of flows have on the physical city? In the looming shadow of the ubiquitous Internet, would the specificity of place have any significance?

A prevailing opinion at this crucial moment in human’s cultural history was that distance would die. Physicality, it seemed, would lose all relevance as it was subsumed by the connective fabric of the Internet.

The argument held that if information can be instantaneously transferred anywhere, to anyone, then all places are equivalent. If I am connected, why does it matter where I am? “The post-information age will remove the limitations of geography. Digital living will include less and less dependence upon being in a specific place at a specific time, and the transmission of place itself will start to become possible,” wrote the MIT Media Lab founder Nicholas Negroponte. Work is a simple example: why commute to the office when the office will come right to your home?

The Internet was expected to neuter place in every dimension of human habitation, from entertainment to employment. Many of the tools for interaction, commerce, and information management were digitized and dematerialized. They became efficient, accessible, and—most significantly—aspatial. The economist Frances Cairncross followed this trend to its logical conclusion with an overt hypothesis that she called the “death of distance.” The Internet would usher in a “communications future . . . in which distance is irrelevant.”

These are resounding predictions, but history (so far) has proven them wrong. Over the past two decades, cities have grown as never before. Urban space has flourished across the globe as humanity rushes headlong into an urban era. Some calculations suggest that the urban population is increasing by a quarter million per day , amounting to a new London every month. The year 2008 was a decisive turning point—when more than half of humanity lived in cities—and growth has only accelerated since. Statistics from the World Health Organization suggest that 75 percent of humans might be city dwellers by 2050, and in China alone, the urban population has risen by more than 500 million during the thirty years since economic liberalization—the equivalent of the populations of the United States plus three Britains. Even by conservative estimates, this constitutes the biggest and fastest shift of humanity that the planet has ever seen. More than ever, cities are human magnets.

Why? It seems that in the collective frenzy of the network, the death-of-distance theorists forgot something crucial to human experience: the importance of physical interaction between people and with the environment. E-topia , written in 1999 by the architect and academic William Mitchell, was somewhat of a repent. Mitchell, head of the MIT Media Lab’s Smart Cities group, illustrated his point with a humorous vignette about a man living at and running a business from the top of a mountain. The man was no less efficient for working at one of the most remote places on earth, but Mitchell concluded, Who could bear to work in that way? This insight is intuitively clear, but it can also be corroborated empirically. Researchers at the Senseable City Lab analyzed telecommunication data and meetings and found that people who communicate digitally also tend to meet in person. People fundamentally want to be with other people, they want to be in a beautiful place, they want to be at the center of it all: people want to live in cities.

“Traditional urban patterns cannot coexist with cyberspace. But long live the new, network-mediated metropolis of the digital era.” Today’s reality is a powerful collision of physical and digital that augments both—a triumph of atoms and bits. “To pursue this agenda effectively, we must extend the definitions of architecture and urban design to encompass virtual places as well as physical ones, software as well as hardware.” Rather than the network subsuming and replacing space, the two are becoming increasingly enmeshed.

In short, the digital revolution did not kill urban spaces—far from it—but neither did it leave them unaffected. The introduction of the Internet, the space of flows, the connective tissue that theorists from Cairncross to Negroponte expected to kill physical proximity, has indeed had a profound impact on cities. Instead of flows replacing spaces and bits replacing atoms, cities are now a hybrid space at the intersection of the two. Physical and virtual are fused through a productive collision, where both propinquity and connectivity play an important role.

The new domain of digitally integrated urban space has come to be known as the smart city. Ubiquitous technology is suffusing every dimension of urban space, transforming it into a computer for living in (paraphrasing Le Corbusier, the early twentieth-century Swiss architect who crystallized the spirit of his time with his iconic concept of machines for living in). The new city is a fundamentally different space—one where digital systems have a very real impact on how we experience, navigate and socialize.

All of this has repercussions in digital space: almost every contemporary action and interaction creates data. Broadband fiber-optic and wireless telecommunications grids are supporting mobile phones, smartphones, and tablets that are increasingly affordable. At the same time, open databases—informal collaborations between citizens and governments—are aggregating and revealing all kinds of information. The resulting profusion of urban big data opens a fertile ground for research, theory, and practice. What could only be inferred from basic surveys or expensive observational studies during the analogue era can now be immediately “sensed” on a tremendous scale. From social science to mathematics to economics, we can now use these data to address deep questions about how humanity lives. Citizens are empowered to think, act, and transform their public space; they are creating a groundswell of urban innovation that is only just rising today. We are witnessing a “reorientation of knowledge and power” in the city as profound as the transformations that the anthropologist Christopher Kelty has described in the virtual world. This is a new era for the global village: an Internet-mediated space of communication and habitation.

From The City of Tomorrow  by Carlo Ratti and Matthew Claudel , published by Yale University Press in 2016. Reproduced by permission.

Carlo Ratti and Matthew Claudel carry out research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Senseable City Laboratory, investigating the intersection of technology and the built environment.

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Globalization: The Global Village

2011, Palgrave MacMillan

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How technology created a global village — and put us at each other’s throats.

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If our assumption that communication brings people together were true, we should today be seeing a planetary outbreak of peace, love, and understanding. Thanks to the Internet and cellular networks, humanity is more connected than ever. Of the world’s 7 billion people, 6 billion have access to a mobile phone — a billion and a half more, the United Nations reports, than have access to a working toilet. Nearly 2 billion are on Facebook, more than a billion upload and download YouTube videos, and billions more converse through messaging apps like WhatsApp and WeChat. With smartphone in hand, everyone becomes a media hub, transmitting and receiving ceaselessly.

Yet we live in a fractious time, defined not by concord but by conflict. Xenophobia is on the rise. Political and social fissures are widening. From the White House down, public discourse is characterized by vitriol and insult. We probably shouldn’t be surprised.

For years now, psychological and sociological studies have been casting doubt on the idea that communication dissolves differences. The research suggests that the opposite is true: free-flowing information makes personal and cultural differences more salient, turning people against one another instead of bringing them together. “Familiarity breeds contempt” is one of the gloomiest of proverbs. It is also, the evidence indicates, one of the truest.

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World as a Global Village: Learning to Live Together | CSS Essay

World as a Global Village: Learning to Live Together | CSS Essay Outline

1. introduction.

Globalization has led to the economic, political and socio-cultural integration making the world a global village. The prospects of learning to live together are, however, still evolving amid the hurdles persisting to check its course.

2. Aspects of Global Village

Globalization of economy Global integration of politics Global village of socio-cultural integration

3. Contemporary Manifestations of ‘Learning to Live Together in Global Village’

Internet and its global use International Political Community Global Economic Organizations

4. World Learning to Live Together

The case study of Iran and P5+1 Nuclear Deal The Melting of Ice between Cuba and the US The traditional rivals of South Asia and the efforts to live together

5. Hurdles in the Learning of Global Village to Live Together

Criticism on globalization as a threat to national interests Gap between the Global North and the Global South Economic, literary, cultural and technological backwardness Clash of Interests Clash of Civilizations Weak international institutions

6. Ways to Learn to Live Together

Strengthening the global institutions Minimizing the ideological difference between civilizations Pursuing mutual interests and fighting common threats Liberalism of trade Dialogue to be the first choice of conflict resolution

7. Conclusion

The term global village was coined by Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher and a public intellectual, in the beginning of the 1960s. He had a vision of technology reducing the size of the globe to that of a village, with information floating freely and simultaneously from one end to the other. McLuhan believed that interconnectivity on such a scale had the ability to heighten human awareness and bring together all political and social functions.

World is called a global village by the virtue of globalization which is a multi-faceted process. Globalization is integration of everything. It can be integration of political, cultural and technological prospects. The most apparent manifestation of globalization is economic and political integration. Similarly, the globalization which plays major role in making the world a global village comes in shape of technological integration.

Global village is attributed with sharing information, products, investments and profits. In political terms global village is featured by presence of an evolved international community at the platform of the UN. The growth of an integrated village brings several benefits to the masses as well as states along with causing trouble for the national interests.

Considering the dimensions of global village, the economic integration has brought the world closer and dependable on each other. Multinational companies, global economic forums and cross-border investments; all play vital role in making the world a global village.

For many, globalization is equated with economic interdependence. At the dawn of the 21st century, the scale and magnitude of global economic interaction appears to be unprecedented The volume of capital flows far exceeds that of the past. The developing world, too, have increasingly become a part of global trade and capital flows Contemporary patterns of economic globalization suggest the emergence of a new international division of labor In short, the world has reached a stage in which one can meaningfully refer to one global economy.

Political integration of the world states which helps to unite global village becomes obvious at the platform of the United Nations. This institution has 193 member states which discuss and decide upon all the important political events of international prospects. International political security, regional and global alliances against terrorism, international treaties on nuclear non-proliferation; all reveal the political integration of the global village.

Another important aspect of global village is socio-cultural integration. It is the mixing of cultural values and customs to evolve the new ones. Apparent manifestation of socio-cultural integration in the global village comes in the shape of fashion, traditions and practices one adopts after getting inspired by another culture through books and movies most of the times.

These all aspects of globalization render the global village to learn to live together. This becomes possible when the world states interact and find mutual interests. Those interests might be political, economic or social.

Multinational organizations and global institutions represent another manifestation of how the world is learning to live together. European Union, for example, represents togetherness of the European nations. Similarly, ASEAN is the association of South East Asian nations for attaining definite economic goals. In South Asia SAARC emerges to be an organization for regional cooperation. IMF and the World Bank bring the world closer in monetary aspects. Muslim states of the world form OIC as their distinct body. NATO is a military alliance of European and American nations. Thus, in all ways, world states practice the art of living together for the obvious reasons.

Recently two important developments in the global political context occurred that reflect how the nations are learning to live together. First came the nuclear deal between Iran and P5+1. Iran and the US had been at daggers drawn since the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The country also went to develop nuclear weapons secretly unless came to the knowledge of international community. This led to the beginning of talks between Iran and the Permanent Five members of the UN Security Council along with Germany.

The deals bore positive results after years of negotiations. This proves how the global states are learning to live together in the global village. Today, Iran is back in the mainstream international transactions. The danger to the global village has been averted.

Second case comes from the continents of America. The United States and the Latin American state of Cuba remained in rift since 1959 when Cuba was revolutionized by the forces of Fidel Castro. The Castro government was unfavorable to the US throughout the years of the Cold War. The US has for long imposed embargo on the island state of Cuba. The ice however melted previous year when the Pope visited both the countries helping them to normalize relations. This visit was followed by initiating diplomatic relations between both the countries after more than 70 years. This case also reveals the willingness and practice of the world to live together in the global village.

Third case study can be made on the South Asian states of India and Pakistan. Both the countries have several territorial disputes along with ideological and historical differences. They have fought two full-scale wars and a number of other skirmishes. But both find no solution in offensive methods. Comprehensive dialogue between both the states has been revived recently which reflects that they are learning to live together as peaceful neighbors though it’s tough.

Living together in the global village brings fruits of harmony, peace, trade and unity. But at the same time smaller states becomes victim of the evils of globalization. For example, World Trade Organization aims at lowering the trade tariffs across the globe. This brings free trade for the global village but not the fair trade. Developing states find it difficult to lower the tariffs on the limited products they export to earn revenue.

Along with this major hurdle there are several other obstacles in the learning of global village to live together. One major hurdle is clash of interests and priorities. Not all the world states prioritize the same things on their respective national agendas. Some times in the wake of global village’s mantra the national interests of the states are at stake. This declines confidence of those states on the virtues of global village.

Clash of civilizations is another theory which undermines the art of learning to live together. The theory given by Huntington speaks for the grounds of clash between the world states in the future would be cultural. This puts stones in the way of global integration.

Further the structural flaws in the international institutions which help in strengthening the hegemony of a few powerful states also impede the process of learning to live together. In order to ensure better working of global village international institutions are to be strengthened ending all the undue influence upon them.

People need to find the common goals and mutual interests in order to learn the art of living together in the global village. States need to collectively fight the common threats at the same time. Preference of liberalism over realism can be more beneficial in achieving this goal.

In compact, nations depend on each other. This level of dependence when reaches its peak, the world begins to become a global village. Hurdles in the way of globalization persists amid the efforts of international community to unite on the points of mutual interests.

Thriving institutions and corporations recognize the benefits of a diverse workforce and acknowledge how communication and technological advancements foster creativity within the team. Every culture contributes its own insight into an issue, introducing new ideas, awakening inspiration and driving success.

Don’t be afraid of differences or change! Make technology your friend, remain mindful of your environment, and recognize the endless benefits of our multicultural society to foster business success within the Village.

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Navigating the Digital Village Square: The Internet’s Role in Global Interaction | Essay Writing for UPSC by Vikash Ranjan Sir | Triumph ias

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Navigating the Digital Village Square: The Internet’s Role in Global Interaction

(relevant for essay writing for upsc civil services examination).

Introduction: In a world driven by technology and connectivity, the quote “The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow” captures the essence of the internet’s evolving role. This statement paints the internet as the modern equivalent of a town square, where individuals from diverse backgrounds gather, interact, and exchange ideas. This analogy invites us to explore how the internet has transformed into a virtual global village square, connecting people across borders like never before.

The Internet’s Resemblance to a Digital Town Square: The internet’s transition into a digital town square is evident through its multifaceted functions:

• Global Access and Interaction: Just as a town square draws people together from various neighbourhoods, the internet breaks down geographical barriers. Individuals worldwide can engage in real-time interactions, fostering a sense of unity and shared experience.
• Unrestricted Information Exchange: Like a bustling square where news and conversations flow freely, the internet enables rapid and vast information exchange. Social media platforms, blogs, and forums serve as digital platforms for discussions on topics ranging from politics to hobbies.
• Cultural Exchange and Understanding: Historic town squares have been spaces for cultural encounters. Similarly, the internet facilitates cross-cultural connections, allowing individuals to explore, appreciate, and understand different cultures and perspectives.

Challenges of the Digital Village Square: However, the comparison between the internet and a town square also brings to light certain challenges:

• Echo Chambers: While physical town squares encourage diverse interactions, the internet can inadvertently lead to echo chambers. Algorithms often show users content that aligns with their existing views, limiting exposure to diverse opinions.
• Privacy Concerns: The open nature of digital interactions raises concerns about personal privacy. Online activities can be tracked and exploited, demanding vigilant protection of individuals’ digital identities.
• Authenticity and Disinformation: In the global village square of the internet, the rapid dissemination of information can lead to the spread of misinformation and fake news. Verifying the authenticity of sources becomes crucial for maintaining the integrity of online conversations.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the quote sheds light on the internet’s transformation into a digital village square, where global interactions, cultural exchange, and idea sharing flourish. However, this analogy also underscores the need to address challenges such as echo chambers, privacy concerns, and the spread of disinformation. Navigating the complexities of this digital town square is essential for fostering meaningful and informed conversations in our ever-connected global village. As technology continues to shape our interactions, understanding the nuances of this virtual town square becomes a vital aspect of modern life.

To master these intricacies and fare well in the Sociology Optional Syllabus , aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the Best Sociology Optional Teacher and participation in the Best Sociology Optional Coaching . These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques

internet, global village, digital town square, information exchange, cultural interaction, challenges, privacy concerns, authenticity, online communication

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Syllabus of Sociology Optional

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

• Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology.
• Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.
• Sociology and common sense.
• Science, scientific method and critique.
• Major theoretical strands of research methodology.
• Positivism and its critique.
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• Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.
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• Talcott Parsons- Social system, pattern variables.
• Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.
• Mead – Self and identity.
• Concepts- equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.
• Theories of social stratification- Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory.
• Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
• Social mobility- open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.
• Social organization of work in different types of society- slave society, feudal society, industrial /capitalist society
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• Sociological theories of religion.
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• Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamentalism.
• Family, household, marriage.
• Types and forms of family.
• Lineage and descent.
• Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.
• Contemporary trends.
• Sociological theories of social change.
• Development and dependency.
• Agents of social change.
• Education and social change.
• Science, technology and social change.

INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

Introducing indian society.

• Indology (GS. Ghurye).
• Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas).
• Marxist sociology (A R Desai).
• Social background of Indian nationalism.
• Modernization of Indian tradition.
• Protests and movements during the colonial period.
• Social reforms.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• The idea of Indian village and village studies.
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• Perspectives on the study of caste systems: GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.
• Features of caste system.
• Untouchability – forms and perspectives.
• Definitional problems.
• Geographical spread.
• Colonial policies and tribes.
• Issues of integration and autonomy.
• Social Classes in India:
• Agrarian class structure.
• Industrial class structure.
• Middle classes in India.
• Lineage and descent in India.
• Types of kinship systems.
• Family and marriage in India.
• Household dimensions of the family.
• Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour
• Religious communities in India.
• Problems of religious minorities.

SOCIAL CHANGES IN INDIA

• Idea of development planning and mixed economy
• Constitution, law and social change.
• Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives,poverty alleviation schemes
• Green revolution and social change.
• Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.
• Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

3. Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:

• Evolution of modern industry in India.
• Growth of urban settlements in India.
• Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.
• Informal sector, child labour
• Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

4. Politics and Society:

• Nation, democracy and citizenship.
• Political parties, pressure groups , social and political elite
• Regionalism and decentralization of power.
• Secularization

5. Social Movements in Modern India:

• Peasants and farmers movements.
• Women’s movement.
• Backward classes & Dalit movement.
• Environmental movements.
• Ethnicity and Identity movements.

6. Population Dynamics:

• Population size, growth, composition and distribution
• Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.
• Population policy and family planning.
• Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

7. Challenges of Social Transformation:

• Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability
• Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
• Violence against women.
• Caste conflicts.
• Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.
• Illiteracy and disparities in education.

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Every day, the Best Sociology Optional Teacher spends 2 hours with the students, covering each aspect of the Sociology Optional Syllabus / Sociology Syllabus and the Sociology Course . Students are given assignments related to the Topic based on Previous Year Question to ensure they’re ready for the Sociology Optional UPSC examination.

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Get access to an online forum for value addition study material, journals, and articles relevant to Sociology on www.triumphias.com . Ask preparation related queries directly to the Best Sociology Teacher , Vikash Sir, via mail or WhatsApp.

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Our Sociology Course is characterized by interactive and applied teaching with an “Exam Focussed” approach, which inculcates a Sociological sense and competency in the students. The Sociology Foundation Course , lasting four months, includes theoretical discussion, concept building, and answer writing with a focus on learning & application.

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We provide printed booklets of concise, well-researched, exam-ready study material for every unit of the Sociology Optional Syllabus / Sociology Syllabus , making us the Best Sociology Optional Coaching platform.

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Proper guidance and assistance are required to learn the skill of interlinking current happenings with the conventional topics. VIKASH RANJAN SIR at TRIUMPH IAS guides students according to the Recent Trends of UPSC, making him the Best Sociology Teacher for Sociology Optional UPSC.

At Triumph IAS, the Best Sociology Optional Coaching platform, we not only provide the best study material and applied classes for Sociology for IAS but also conduct regular assignments and class tests to assess candidates’ writing skills and understanding of the subject.

Choose T he Best Sociology Optional Teacher for IAS Preparation?

At the beginning of the journey for Civil Services Examination preparation, many students face a pivotal decision – selecting their optional subject. Questions such as “ which optional subject is the best? ” and “ which optional subject is the most scoring? ” frequently come to mind. Choosing the right optional subject, like choosing the best sociology optional teacher , is a subjective yet vital step that requires a thoughtful decision based on facts. A misstep in this crucial decision can indeed prove disastrous.

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This decision marks a critical point in your UPSC – CSE journey , potentially determining your success in a career in IAS/Civil Services. Therefore, it’s crucial to choose wisely, whether it’s the optional subject or the best sociology optional teacher . Always base your decision on accurate facts, and never let your emotional biases guide your choices. After all, the search for the best sociology optional coaching is about finding the perfect fit for your unique academic needs and aspirations.

To master these intricacies and fare well in the Sociology Optional Syllabus , aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the Best Sociology Optional Teacher and participation in the Best Sociology Optional Coaching . These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques. Sociology, Social theory, Best Sociology Optional Teacher, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus. Best Sociology Optional Teacher, Sociology Syllabus, Sociology Optional, Sociology Optional Coaching, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Best Sociology Teacher, Sociology Course, Sociology Teacher, Sociology Foundation, Sociology Foundation Course, Sociology Optional UPSC, Sociology for IAS,

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Watch CBS News

Pope Francis tells 60 Minutes in rare interview: "the globalization of indifference is a very ugly disease"

By Norah O'Donnell

May 19, 2024 / 7:14 PM EDT / CBS News

Francis is the first pope from the Americas, the first of his name, and more than any other pope in recent memory, has dedicated his life and ministry to the poor, the peripheral, and the forgotten. All while leading the Catholic Church on difficult, sometimes controversial issues that not everyone supports. We were granted a rare interview at the Vatican, and spoke to him, in his native Spanish, through a translator, for more than an hour. Not lost in translation was the 87 year old's warmth, intelligence and conviction. We began by discussing the Church's first World Children's Day. Next weekend, Pope Francis will welcome tens of thousands of young people to the Vatican, including refugees of war.

Norah O'Donnell: During World Children's Day, the U.N. says over a million people will be facing famine in Gaza, many of them children. 

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): Not just in Gaza. Think of Ukraine . Many kids from Ukraine come here. You know something? That those children don't know how to smile? I'll say something to them (mimics smile)… they have forgotten how to smile. And that is very painful.

Norah O'Donnell: Do you have a message for Vladimir Putin when it comes to Ukraine?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): Please, warring countries, all of them, stop. Stop the war. You must find a way of negotiating for peace . Strive for peace. A negotiated peace is always better than an endless war. 

Norah O'Donnell: What's happening-- in Israel and Gaza , has caused so much division, so much pain around the world. I don't know if you've seen in the United States, big protests on college campuses and growing antisemitism. What would you say about how to change that?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): All ideology is bad, and antisemitism is an ideology, and it is bad. Any "anti" is always bad. You can criticize one government or another, the government of Israel, the Palestinian government. You can criticize all you want, but not "anti" a people. Neither anti-Palestinian nor antisemitic. No.

Norah O'Donnell: I know you call for peace. You have called for a cease-fire in many of your sermons. Can you help negotiate peace?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): (sighs) What I can do is pray. I pray a lot for peace. And also, to suggest, "Please, stop. Negotiate."

Prayer has been at the center of the pope's life since he was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in Argentina, in 1936, into a family of Italian immigrants. Before entering the seminary, Bergoglio worked as a chemist.

His own personal formula is simplicity. He still wears the plain silver cross he wore as the archbishop of Buenos Aires. Though it's not what Francis wears, but where he lives that set the tone for his papacy, 11 years ago.  

Instead of a palace above St. Peter's Square, he chose the Vatican guest house Casa Santa Marta as his home. 

We met him there under a painting of the Virgin Mary. Surrounded by the sacred, Francis has not forsaken his sense of humor, even when discussing serious subjects, like the migrant crisis.

Norah O'Donnell: My grandparents were Catholic. Immigrated from Northern Ireland in the 1930s to the United States, seeking a better life. And I know your family, too, fled fascism. And you have talked about with migrants, many of them children, that you encourage governments to build bridges, not walls.

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): Migration is something that makes a country grow. They say that you Irish migrated and brought the whiskey, and that the Italians migrated and brought the mafia… (laugh) It's a joke. Don't take it badly. But, migrants sometimes suffer a lot. They suffer a lot.

Norah O'Donnell: I grew up in Texas, and I don't know if you've heard, but the state of Texas is attempting to shut down a Catholic charity on the border with Mexico that offers undocumented migrants humanitarian assistance. What do you think of that?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): That is madness. Sheer madness. To close the border and leave them there, that is madness. The migrant has to be received. Thereafter you see how you are going to deal with him. Maybe you have to send him back, I don't know, but each case ought to be considered humanely. Right? 

A few months after becoming pope, Francis went to a small Italian island near Africa, to meet migrants fleeing poverty and war.

Norah O'Donnell: Your first trip as Pope was the Island of Lampedusa, where you talked about suffering. And I was so struck when you talked about the globalization of indifference. What is happening? 

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): Do you want me to state it plainly? People wash their hands! There are so many Pontius Pilates on the loose out there… who see what is happening, the wars, the injustice, the crimes… "That's OK, that's OK" and wash their hands. It's indifference. That is what happens when the heart hardens… and becomes indifferent. Please, we have to get our hearts to feel again. We cannot remain indifferent in the face of such human dramas. The globalization of indifference is a very ugly disease. Very ugly.

Pope Francis has not been indifferent to the Church's most insidious scandal– the rampant sexual abuse of hundreds of thousands of children worldwide, for decades.  

Norah O'Donnell: You have done more than anyone to try and reform the Catholic Church and repent for years of unspeakable sexual abuse against children by members of the clergy. But has the church done enough?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): It must continue to do more. Unfortunately, the tragedy of the abuses is enormous. And against this, an upright conscience and not only to not permit it but to put in place the conditions so that it does not happen.

Norah O'Donnell: You have said zero tolerance.

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): It cannot be tolerated. When there is a case of a religious man or woman who abuses, the full force of the law falls upon them. In this there has been a great deal of progress.

It's Francis' capacity for forgiveness and openness that has defined his leadership of the Church's nearly 1.4 billion Catholics. He put them and the world on notice, during an impromptu press conference on a plane in 2013, when he spoke on the subject of homosexuality.

"If someone is gay," he said, "and he searches for the Lord and has good will…who am I to judge?" 

… and he did not stop there.

Norah O'Donnell: Last year you decided to allow Catholic priests to bless same-sex couples. That's a big change. Why?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): No, what I allowed was not to bless the union. That cannot be done because that is not the sacrament. I cannot. The Lord made it that way. But to bless each person, yes. The blessing is for everyone. For everyone. To bless a homosexual-type union, however, goes against the given right, against the law of the Church. But to bless each person, why not? The blessing is for all. Some people were scandalized by this. But why? Everyone! Everyone!

Norah O'Donnell: You have said, "Who am I to judge?" "Homosexuality is not a crime."

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): No. It is a human fact. 

Norah O'Donnell: There are conservative bishops in the United States that oppose your new efforts to revisit teachings and traditions. How do you address their criticism?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): You used an adjective, "conservative." That is, conservative is one who clings to something and does not want to see beyond that. It is a suicidal attitude. Because one thing is to take tradition into account, to consider situations from the past, but quite another is to be closed up inside a dogmatic box. 

Pope Francis has placed more women in positions of power than any of his predecessors, but he told us he opposes allowing women to be ordained as priests or deacons.

Francis' devotion to traditional doctrine led one Vatican reporter to note that he's changed the tune of the Church, but the lyrics essentially remain the same. This frustrates those who want to see him change policy on Roman Catholic priests marrying; contraception, and surrogate motherhood.  

Norah O'Donnell: I know women who are cancer survivors who cannot bear children, and they turn to surrogacy. This is against church doctrine.

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): In regard to surrogate motherhood , in the strictest sense of the term, no, it is not authorized. Sometimes surrogacy has become a business, and that is very bad. It is very bad.

Norah O'Donnell: But sometimes for some women it is the only hope.

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): It could be. The other hope is adoption. I would say that in each case the situation should be carefully and clearly considered, consulting medically and then morally as well. I think there is a general rule in these cases, but you have to go into each case in particular to assess the situation, as long as the moral principle is not skirted. But you are right. I want to tell you that I really liked your expression when you told me, "In some cases it is the only chance." It shows that you feel these things very deeply. Thank you. (smiles)

Norah O'Donnell: I think that's why so many people-- have found hope with you, because you have been more open and accepting perhaps than other previous leaders of the church.

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): You have to be open to everything. The Church is like that: Everyone, everyone, everyone. "That so-and-so is a sinner…?" Me too, I am a sinner. Everyone! The Gospel is for everyone. If the Church places a customs officer at the door, that is no longer the church of Christ. Everyone.

Norah O'Donnell: When you look at the world what gives you hope?

Pope Francis (In Spanish/English translation): Everything. You see tragedies, but you also see so many beautiful things. You see heroic mothers, heroic men, men who have hopes and dreams, women who look to the future. That gives me a lot of hope. People want to live. People forge ahead. And people are fundamentally good. We are all fundamentally good. Yes, there are some rogues and sinners, but the heart itself is good. 

Produced by Keith Sharman, Julie Morse and Anna Matranga. Associate producer, Roxanne Feitel. Broadcast associates, Eliza Costas and Callie Teitelbaum. Edited by Jorge J. García.

Pope Francis sits down for a historic interview with CBS Evening News anchor and managing editor Norah O'Donnell in an hour-long special airing Monday, May 20 at 10 p.m. ET on CBS and streaming on Paramount+. In a wide-ranging conversation, Francis speaks about countries at war, his vision for the Catholic Church, his legacy, his hope for children and more.

• Pope Francis
• Vatican City
• Catholic Church

Norah O'Donnell is the anchor and managing editor of the "CBS Evening News," anchor of CBS News Election Specials and a 60 Minutes contributing correspondent. O'Donnell is a multiple Emmy Award-winning journalist with nearly three decades of experience covering the biggest stories in the world and conducting impactful, news-making interviews.

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Guest Essay

The Real Danger if Trump Is Re-elected

By Jacob Heilbrunn

Mr. Heilbrunn is the editor of The National Interest, a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council and the author, most recently, of “America Last.”

Donald Trump may be regularly depicted as an impetuous toddler in chief, but he appears to possess genuine convictions about international relations. Ever since he gave an interview to Playboy magazine in 1990 decrying Mikhail Gorbachev for failing to hold the Soviet empire together (“not a firm enough hand”) and praising the Chinese Communist leadership for crushing the student uprising at Tiananmen Square (“they were vicious, they were horrible, but they put it down with strength”), Mr. Trump has extolled authoritarian leaders as possessing the right stuff, while he has dismissed democratic ones as weak and feckless.

This impulse is not a new phenomenon for the United States; it dates back to World War I and World War II, when leading American conservatives praised foreign autocrats such as Kaiser Wilhelm II, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Francisco Franco as their ideological comrades in arms. Until now, however, no modern president has lauded autocracy as a model for America.

During his four years in office, Mr. Trump blustered about alliances and praised foreign dictators but never actually upended America’s foreign policy. That could change in a second Trump administration. The former president is poised to adopt a radical program centered on constructive engagement with foreign strongmen and hostility toward democratic allies; it would include abandoning NATO. It would convert America from a dominant economic and military power into what Mr. Trump purports to abhor — a global loser.

To understand why Mr. Trump’s approach might well differ from the one he took in his initial term, it’s helpful to look at the foreign policy advisers who are being talked about as potential members of a new Trump administration. They can be divided into two camps, which might be called Restorationists and Revisionists.

Restorationists are establishment Republicans such as former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and the former national security adviser Robert C. O’Brien who want to go back in time — specifically, to Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy hawkishness and staunch internationalism, which they believe led straight to the fall of the Berlin Wall and victory in the Cold War. During the Trump presidency, they worked overtime to maneuver Mr. Trump in this direction, pushing him to adopt tough stances toward Iran, Russia and China, while maintaining ties to traditional allies in Asia and Europe.

Now, in a variety of interviews, speeches and books, they have been sketching out their vision for a second Trump term — one that would shore up America’s alliances, pursue peace through strength and confront Iran, Russia and China — while camouflaging their crusading Reaganite views in a thin veneer of Trumpian nationalism.

Revisionists, by contrast, are “America First” advocates who espouse a much harder-edged approach and, more often than not, want to go it alone.

Organizations such as the Heritage Foundation and the America First Policy Institute, the two main think tanks vying to staff the next Trump administration, have been vetting potential appointees to establish a government in waiting. As Keith Kellogg, a retired lieutenant general and former Trump national security official, observed in his 2021 memoir, “War by Other Means,” “Our problem was that we did not always know who our enemies were; in some cases, they were our own political appointees.” Mr. Trump himself has loudly complained about many of the advisers he appointed, such as John Bolton.

The conservative activists around him wish to install purists who will preach America First precepts, not least the dogma that America’s security isn’t tied to Europe’s because, as Mr. Trump recently put it, “an ocean” separates the territories.

The Revisionists don’t place as much value on our membership in NATO and are generally ardent proponents of a longstanding dream on the right of a Fortress America that can strike unilaterally whenever and wherever it pleases, unencumbered by nettlesome international alliances and organizations.

Take Mr. Trump’s former ambassador to Germany and acting national intelligence director, Richard Grenell. He has opposed Sweden and Finland’s joining NATO while supporting far-right populists in Serbia, Guatemala and elsewhere. Then there is Russ Vought. A former Trump budget director who might serve as the White House chief of staff, Mr. Vought has decried American aid to Ukraine and stated that he would reassess “the old idea of NATO’s collective defense.”

Mr. Kellogg, who might serve as defense secretary under Mr. Trump, is not a staunch opponent of sending aid to Ukraine, but even he has suggested that we should be prepared to use the threat of cutting it off to push the country into peace talks with Moscow — a recipe for pre-emptive surrender.

Former Trump Defense Department official Elbridge Colby, who is widely seen as a top contender to become national security adviser if Mr. Trump wins re-election, typifies the radicalism of the Revisionist camp. Mr. Colby has insisted that confronting China requires slashing support to Ukraine, and he recently lambasted Britain’s foreign secretary, David Cameron, for “lecturing” Republican politicians about the imperative to assist Kyiv, deeming it “foreign interference.”

Mr. Trump’s own hostility to sending aid to Ukraine suggests that he would most likely be receptive to a deal with President Vladimir Putin of Russia, allowing him to operate freely in Central and Eastern Europe — in the name of stability and peace. By the same token, for all his bluff and bombast about the China threat, Mr. Trump, unlike President Biden, has never indicated that he would stand by Taiwan were China to invade.

He appears to view American alliances with South Korea and Japan with skepticism, if not outright hostility. Less than a year after the Japanese prime minister, Fumio Kishida, met with Mr. Biden in April to announce new security agreements, Mr. Trump could simply decide that he has no intention of honoring America’s commitments abroad.

Rupturing America’s alliances would lead to arms races and nuclear proliferation in Asia and Europe. Nationalists like Hungary’s prime minister, Viktor Orban, and Serbia’s president, Aleksandar Vucic, who is known as a “little Putin,” would be emboldened to strengthen their ties with the Kremlin and undermine European security.

And the domestic consequences could be severe. Many of Mr. Trump’s economic advisers, including the former trade chief Robert Lighthizer (a leading candidate to be the Treasury secretary under Mr. Trump), are apparently intent on pursuing the Great Depression redux — waging trade wars with Europe and Asia. They’re floating a host of other risky measures, including curbing the independence of the Federal Reserve, weakening the dollar to try to increase exports, and imposing high tariffs on goods from China and Europe.

While Mr. Biden’s new tariffs on China aggressively target the solar industry and electric cars, Mr. Trump wants to decouple the world’s two largest economies from each other. These measures would weaken the confidence of foreign investors and fuel higher inflation.

With Ukraine and Russia at war, China threatening its neighbors and the Middle East aflame, warnings of a new world war already abound. Add in Mr. Trump’s strongman predilections — purging the State Department, the C.I.A. and the F.B.I. as redoubts of the deep state, cozying up to Mr. Putin, threatening China and reportedly sending assassination squads into Mexico to target drug kingpins — and the odds of a calamity rise.

Would the damage be irreversible? Chancellor Otto von Bismarck of Germany supposedly remarked that “God has a special providence for fools, drunkards and the United States of America.” But Mr. Trump’s return might test even the Almighty’s patience.

Mr. Trump’s economic and foreign policy nationalism would subvert the preponderance of power that America has enjoyed since 1945 and that he has promised to bolster. It has been threatened from without but never from within. As he vows to upend America’s relations with the rest of the globe, the danger is not that Mr. Trump would fail to live up to his principles. It’s that he would.

Jacob Heilbrunn ( @JacobHeilbrunn ) is the editor of The National Interest, a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council and the author, most recently, of “America Last.”

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