argumentative essay generator

Thesis Statement Generator: Free & Precise

Looking for a thesis statement generator? The free online tool we offer will make a thesis in no time! Our thesis sentence generator will suit argumentative, informative, and comparative essays. All you need to do is look at the examples and add the necessary information.

☑️ How to Use the Thesis Generator?

• 📝 Essay Thesis
• ✍️ Research Paper Thesis
• 📜 Dissertation Thesis
• 🙊 Thesis For a Speech

💡 Make a Thesis with Our Tips

🏆 10 best thesis generators, ⭐ thesis statement maker: the benefits, 🔗 references, 🔧 thesis generator: what is it.

Sometimes it can be challenging to come up with a topic, research question, or a thesis statement for your paper. An excellent solution is to use online topic makers, problem statement generators, and thesis topic generators, such as ours! Our free online generator will help you create the perfect thesis statement! Follow the steps below to get thesis statements relating to your topic:

• Introduce your topic. It can also be the title of your paper (e.g., the benefits of online education).
• State the main idea about this topic. It is the specific point of view that you will discuss in your paper (e.g., online learning is beneficial)
• Make an argument supporting your point of view. It must be a strong and valid argument. Don't claim something that you can't back with facts (e.g., online learning is flexible)
• Make another argument supporting your point of view (e.g., online learning is affordable).
• Make an argument against your point of view. Make sure you don't just dismiss it, but acknowledge its validity (e.g., online learning is not always taken seriously)
• Decide on the topic of your paper.
• Think about the main idea that you will express in your paper. It will also be the conclusion.
• Choose arguments that can support your point of view. Also, think of at least one counterargument. It will help you discuss your topic better.
• Enter this information into respective fields. Use short sentences. Do not use punctuation or capital letters.
• Click on the "Generate Thesis" button to get samples.
• Choose the sample you like best!

📍 Why Make a Thesis Statement?

You might have already heard about theses and thesis statements. Well, the main difference is: a thesis is the key point or argument of your assignment. And the thesis statement is this point expressed in one sentence.

Here’s one crucial thing you should always keep in mind when you write this sentence: it should meet the professor’s requirements.

There are two types of thesis statements:

• Direct. It states the exact reasons for your paper. For example, "I do not support vegan lifestyle because animals do not have feelings, this lifestyle is too expensive, and a vegan diet is not healthy." Such a thesis sentence would tell the reader what each body paragraph or section is going to be about.
• Indirect. Unlike the direct thesis statement, it does not state clear arguments. Here’s the sample: "I do not support vegan lifestyle for three reasons." The fact “I do not support vegan lifestyle” is the topic, and "three reasons" represent an indirect thesis statement. The assignment will contain these three reasons.

Most kinds of academic papers require a thesis statement, which can also be considered as your answer to the research question.

Now that you've learned the basics let's see what can help you to create an excellent thesis statement for anything: from history research to a critique paper!

📝 Essay Thesis Statement

You will probably write many essays as a high school or college student. Writing an essay is quite easy: it doesn't require any serious research on your part, and the resulting text is usually short. That's why you choose a narrow thesis statement that you can talk about in 4-5 paragraphs.

Your choice of a thesis statement depends on what type of essay you're writing. Here are some examples:

In an expository essay , you explain the topic logically, using your analytical skills. This type of essay relies only on facts, without any reference to the writer's personal opinion. The topic statement is the most critical part of an expository essay. It should be short and manageable so that you can describe it in just a few paragraphs. As you can see from the definition, it also should be based on facts and not on the writer's position. This category includes compare and contrast essays, definition essays , and others:

e.g., While online education is not always taken seriously, it is beneficial because of its flexibility and affordability.

On the contrary, argumentative essays are centered on the writer's personal opinion. This type of essay is also called persuasive because your aim is to persuade people that your idea is right. The thesis statement should reflect this:

e.g., Vegan lifestyle should not be promoted because it's expensive and not healthy.

Note: it's better not to use the word "I," because it may appear as too subjective. Remember: a strong thesis statement means an excellent essay!

✍️ Research Paper Thesis Statement

Unlike essays, research papers require more information, and they are lengthier than essays. That's why a research paper thesis statement should be slightly broader. This way, you make sure that you have a lot to discuss and can demonstrate your more profound knowledge on the topic.

Research paper thesis statements can be simple or more complex, depending on the purpose of your paper. Simple thesis statements can be formulated with the help of the outlines:

Something is true because of these reasons .

The US Constitution is not outdated because it's an integral part of the country's identity.

Despite these counterarguments , something is true.

e.g., Despite not being outdated, the US Constitution needs many amendments to keep up with the changing times.

You can make more complex thesis statements by combining several arguments:

e.g., The US Constitution is not outdated, because it's a part of the country's identity; still, some amendments need to be made.

Remember: it is essential to stay on topic! Avoid including unnecessary and random words into your statement. Our online thesis creator can help you in writing a statement directly connected with your theme.

Our thesis statement generator can help writing a thesis for your research. Create a short, catchy thesis statement, and you are one step closer to completing a perfect research paper!

📜 Dissertation Thesis Statement

Writing a master's thesis or a Ph.D. dissertation is not the same as writing a simple research paper. These types of academic papers are very lengthy. They require extensive analysis of information, as well as your ideas and original research.

Besides, you only have limited time for writing a dissertation, so you'll have to work on it systematically.

That's why it's better to come up with a thesis statement as early as possible . It will help you always stay on topic and not to waste your time on irrelevant information.

A dissertation can have an even broader thesis statement because of how lengthy your work should be. Make sure it's something you can study extensively and from different points of view:

e.g., The use of memory techniques at school can boost children's abilities and revolutionize modern teaching.

Don't forget to include a statement showing why your dissertation is interesting and relevant!

🙊 Thesis Statement For a Speech

Similarly, the thesis statement for a speech should be catchy and exciting . If you include it in the introduction, you will provide your audience with a sense of direction and make it easier to concentrate. The audience will know what to expect of your speech, and they will pay more attention.

Speech, unlike a research paper, includes only the most relevant information . If your speech is based on a paper, use your thesis statement to decide what to leave out. Remember that everything you say should be connected to your thesis statement! This way, you'll make your speech consistent, informative, and engaging.

Another useful tip is to rehearse your speech several times before deciding that it's finished. You may need to make some corrections or even rephrase the thesis statement. Take your time and make sure you do your best!

Now, we will concentrate on your thesis writing. We’ve prepared six tips that would help you to master your thesis statement regardless of the paper type you were assigned to:

• Formulate your topic. Here’s the secret: the good topic makes half of the success when you write a paper. It defines your research area, the degree of your involvement, and, accordingly, how good will the result be at the end. So what is the topic of an essay? Basically, it’s a phrase that defines the subject of your assignment. Don’t make it too broad or too specific.
• Determine the key idea. It will help you get an understanding of your essay subject. Think about things you are trying to state or prove. For example, you may write down one main idea; consider a specific point of view that you’re going to research; state some facts and reasons you will use in your assignment, or express your opinion about the issue.
• Choose the central argument to support your thesis. Make a list of arguments you would use in your essay. This simple task has at least two benefits. First, you will get a clear understanding on what you’re going to write. It will wipe out the writer’s block. Second, gathering arguments for the topic will help you create an outline for your assignment.
• Generate other arguments to support the thesis. Free thesis generators suggest you proceed with a few arguments that support your topic idea. Don’t forget to prepare some logical evidence!
• Come up with a counterargument to the main idea. You might find this exercise a bit hard, but still, if you're dreaming of writing an excellent paper, think of another side of the argument. To complete this task, you should conduct preliminary research to find another standpoint and evidence behind it.
• Provide your thesis statement as early as possible in your paper. If you're writing a short paper, put your thesis in the introductory paragraph. For more extended essays, it is acceptable to write it in the second paragraph. And avoid phrases like, "The point of my essay is…"
• Make your thesis statement specific. Remember to keep it short, clear, and specific. Check if there are two broad statements. If so, think about settling on one single idea and then proceed with further development. Avoid making it too broad. Your paper won’t be successful if you write three pages on things that do not disclose the topic and are too generic.

Original thesis:

There are serious objections to abortions.

Revised thesis:

Because of the high risk of breast cancer or subsequent childbearing, there should be broadly implemented the informed consent practice that certifies that women are advised of such risks prior to having an abortion.

When writing your thesis, you use words that your audience will understand:

• Avoid technical language unless you’re writing a technical report.
• Forget about jargon.
• Avoid vague words: “exciting,” “interesting,” “usual,” “difficult,” etc.
• Avoid simply announcing the topic. Share your specific “angle” and show why your point on the issue matter.
• Do not make judgments that oversimplify complex topics.
• If you use judgment call in your thesis, don’t forget to specify and justify your reasoning.
• Don't just report facts. Instead, share your personal thoughts and ideas on the issue.
• Explain why your point matters. When you’re writing a thesis, imagine that your readers ask you a simple question: “So what?” Instead of writing something general, like "There are a lot of pros and cons of behaviorism", tell your readers why you think the behaviorism theory is better than cognitivist theory.
• Avoid quotes in your thesis statement. Instead of citing someone, use your own words in the thesis. It will help you to grab the reader's attention and gain credibility. And the last advice: change your thesis as you write the essay. Revise it as your paper develops to get the perfect statement. Now it's time to apply this knowledge and create your own thesis! We believe this advice and tools will be useful in your essay writing!

To ease your writing, we prepared an IvyPanda thesis statement generators. Check the list below:

1. Thesis Statement Generator

Thesis Statement Generator is a simple online tool which will guide you through the thesis statement creation. To get your thesis, you will have to provide the following information: the topic, your personal opinion, the qualification, and reason sentences. Then press the button “My Thesis” to see the final draft, edit it and print or save it on your computer.

Also, you can make an outline for your future paper within a couple of clicks. The tool works with any type of paper.

2. Grammarly AI Thesis Statement Generator

Grammarly is known for its superb grammar-checking software, but it has recently added various AI-powered tools. An AI Thesis Statement Generator is one of them. To use this tool, specify your audience and briefly describe your paper type and topic. After that, wait a few seconds, and Grammarly will provide three thesis statement options.

However, as with any AI writing tool, you should be critical of the information they provide. Therefore, we recommend you check the generated thesis statements for inaccuracies before using them in your writing.

3. HelpfulPapers Thesis Statement Checker

HelpfulPapers Thesis Statement Checker is another free service that requires no registration and provides unlimited attempts for thesis creation. To create a thesis statement, you should put a topic, your main conclusion about it, two arguments, and a counterargument. Then, click the button “Make a thesis statement.” You will get a few thesis examples to choose from.

On the page, you will also find a comprehensive guide on thesis statement writing with good and bad samples. This website doesn’t allow its users to create an outline draft. However, the HelpfulPapers blog contains lots of useful articles on writing.

4. Thesis Builder

Thesis Builder is a service by Tom March, which is available for students since 1995. This ad-free tool allows you to generate a persuasive thesis and create your essay outline. This web app is completely free, so fill in the boxes and write your assignment. You can print a result or send it as email.

5. Thesis Statement Creator

The next tool in our list is Thesis Statement Creator. The service is ad-free and offers unlimited attempts to generate thesis statement. It works with any type of paper and requires no registration. Users can find a short guide and thesis statement prompts. The app allows printing the result.

6. UAGC Thesis Generator

The University of Arizona Global Campus has designed a convenient tool for crafting compelling argumentative thesis statements. Just follow the prompts on the website to fill in all the boxes and get a strong and focused thesis.

If you want to learn more about developing thesis statements, the university invites you to follow the link to their thesis writing guide. From there, you’ll learn how to craft not only argumentative thesis statements but also analytical and expository ones.

7. HIX.AI Thesis Statement Generator

HIX.AI is an AI-powered thesis statement generator. To use the tool, enter your topic, specify the main idea and supporting evidence, and add a counterargument. You can also choose your audience, tone of voice, and language. Then, click the button and check your thesis.

HIX.AI offers a free plan: you can generate a maximum of 1,000 words per week without charge. Although not quite a lot, it can be enough to craft 20-25 thesis statements a week. So, you are highly likely to get the one that suits you.

8. Editpad Thesis Statement Generator

Editpad Thesis Statement Generator is another AI-powered tool for crafting thesis statements. Yet, it has a much simpler interface: you only have to enter your topic and click the button to get your thesis statement.

If you’re looking for a quick, unsophisticated tool or haven’t identified your main point, evidence, and counterargument yet, the Editpad thesis generator can be just what you need. However, if you want a more customizable option, you’d better choose something different from our list.

9. Thesis Statement Maker

Thesis Statement Maker is similar to the previous tool. The page contains hints on thesis writing, four fields to fill and get a thesis, and works with any type of paper. As a bonus, you will find a list of thesis statements on various topics.

The key drawback is the same too: lots of ads and no paper outline option.

10. Thesis Generator | SUNY Empire State College

The truly academic tool in our list: SUNY Empire State College Thesis Generator. Students can find a lot of useful information on thesis writing. To generate summary, choose the type of paper you are going to write, fill the form and get your thesis. The website is ad-free and provides a short guide on most common types of thesis.

Among its drawbacks are only three supported types of thesis statements and no outline generation.

Updated: Dec 19th, 2023

• Argumentative Essays: Purdue OWL
• Developing A Thesis: Harvard College Writing Center
• 5 Types of Thesis Statements: University of Guelph
• The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Thesis Statement: Grammarly
• Expository Essays: Purdue OWL
• How to Write a Thesis Statement: Indiana University Bloomington
• Thesis Statements: UNC Writing Center
• Thesis Statements: Texas A&M University Writing Center
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If you need help to write a thesis for your paper, this page will give you plenty of resources to do that. You’ll find out about the essentials of thesis statement. There are also tips on how to write the statement properly. But most importantly, this page contains reviews and links to online thesis generators.

Thesis Statement Generator

Ai-powered thesis statement creation tool.

• Create a compelling thesis for an academic paper: Generate a strong, argumentative thesis statement that clearly responds to your essay prompt.
• Develop a research question: Use your research question as a prompt to create a concise thesis statement that guides your research paper.
• Improve your argumentative essay: Create a strong thesis statement that clearly communicates your argument and sets the direction for your essay.
• Strengthen your dissertation: Develop a powerful, concise thesis statement that clearly defines the focus of your dissertation.

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Our AI research tool in the essay editor interface makes it easy to find a source or fact check any piece of text on the web. It will find you the most relevant or related piece of information and the source it came from. You can quickly add that reference to your document references with just a click of a button. We also provide other modes for research such as “find support statistics”, “find supporting arguments”, “find useful information”, and other research methods to make finding the information you need a breeze. Make essay writing and research easy with our AI research assistant.

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Free Persuasive Essay Maker for Students

State the point to be discussed in your body paragraph

State a supporting point to be discussed in body paragraph

State an opposing point to be discussed in body paragraph

State a similar aspect to be discussed

State a contrasting aspect to be discussed

Looking for ways to boost the quality of your essays? You just found yourself a hidden gem! Our persuasive essay generator is one of the most innovative tools online, and it can help you write a perfect paper 100% free.

Forget about spending hours on your homework and receiving bad grades. Now you can write excellent essays thanks to our revolutionary app.

• ️💡 How to Use the Tool
• ️🔥 Our Generator's Benefits
• ️✍️ What Is a Persuasive Essay?
• ️📚 Persuasive Essay Elements
• ️🎊 Essay Structure
• ️🎓 How to Write
• ️🔗 References

💡 How to Use the Persuasive Essay Generator

In addition to being smart, our generator is also elementary to use:

• Type in your topic.
• Select how many body paragraphs you want.
• Customize the main body by adjusting the app's settings (optionally.)
• Press "Generate" and get a persuasive essay draft just like that.

Keep in mind that our app is not intended to produce ready-made essays! It will provide you with inspiration and ideas which you can use in your own writing.

🔥 Persuasive Essay Maker Benefits

Our essay creator is among the top apps available online. Check out its incredible perks:

✍️ What Is a Persuasive Essay?

A persuasive essay is a text that combines logical arguments with emotional appeal to make readers agree with a specific point of view. Usually, it starts with a query, which the author then uses to make a statement for or against the topic in question. All the arguments should be supported by evidence from different sources or personal experience.

📚 3 Elements of a Persuasive Essay

There are 3 key elements required for any persuasive essay: ethos, pathos, and logos . These concepts created by the famous philosopher Aristotle work together to create a line of arguments that seeks to persuade others of your point of view.

• Ethos is a component of the argument a speaker uses to establish their authority and prove their point. Readers are more likely to believe someone they know to be knowledgeable, experienced, and respected.
• Pathos can be translated as "passion." The purpose of this element is to stir up powerful emotions in the reader. You may use strong language, share personal experiences, and employ vivid imagery to evoke empathy, fury, or other emotions.
• Logos is based on facts, evidence, and proof. Essays based on a logos-driven approach refrain from mentioning anyone's reputation, feelings, or opinions.

🎊 Persuasive Essay Structure

If you want to write an excellent persuasive essay, knowing its structure is vital. No matter how clever its concept is, a paper without a compelling introduction, coherent body paragraphs, and clear conclusion is not going to make it. Let's review each part of a persuasive essay separately.

Introduction

A well-written introduction consists of 3 integral components:

A main body includes 2, 3, or more paragraphs. Each contains an argument supported by evidence, examples, and other information. You should pay attention to how your body paragraphs are organized because each one needs to represent a specific idea. Also, each paragraph should start with a topic sentence that briefly describes what argument will be presented there.

A conclusion summarizes all the arguments. It aims to finalize the essay's main idea that was reviewed throughout the main body. It should also give the reader closure after reading your text.

🎓 How to Write a Persuasive Essay

In this next segment, you'll find a small handy guide that will teach you how to write an excellent persuasive essay. Let's proceed to the first step!

1. Choose Your Topic

Picking a topic is the first critical step in creating a persuasive essay. Keep in mind that if you choose something that you find captivating, it will be easier to complete your assignment. You will enjoy delving into a topic that resonates with you emotionally or personally. Besides, you won't get bored researching something that interests you.

2. Research Both Sides

It's crucial to research your position on the topic thoroughly. But reviewing the opposing side will make your arguments even more persuasive. That's why we recommend you be aware of the opposite viewpoint. To do it, you can follow these guidelines:

• As you research the topic, pay extra attention to those sources that view your topic from a different angle .
• Analyze other students' essays and compare their points of view to yours.
• Imagine yourself as a critic and try to find the weak spots of your arguments.
• Use our generator to get fresh arguments that you haven't thought of.

3. Make an Outline

Clearly organize your ideas using tables, numbers, or short prompts. Outlining your paper will give you a clearer understanding of your thesis and objectives. It will also prevent you from repeating yourself and forgetting to mention key arguments.

4. Find Persuasive Evidence

Your essay's persuasiveness will depend on how much solid proof you provide. Here's how you can enhance it:

• Try to pick only the most convincing evidence to back up your opinion.
• Use striking statistics and facts, but make sure not to exaggerate your position.
• Also, we recommend showing respect to the opposing side and presenting their proof as well.
• To connect with your reader, you can use anecdotes and tell stories from personal experience.

If you want to understand better which arguments to make and which evidence to include, try to analyze your audience . To do it, ask yourself:

• How old is your audience?
• What is their expertise level?
• Will the audience easily relate to your point of view?

5. Write a Draft

It's time to start writing the first draft of your essay. Now all you have to do is follow your outline and transform all your ideas into arguments. Then, combine all the parts together into a coherent text.

Additionally, you can use our free persuasive essay generator to create a flawless draft that you can edit and rewrite as you see fit.

6. Edit and Proofread

After the draft is complete, you may begin proofreading and correcting it until it becomes a finished essay. To do it, follow this checklist:

• Remove any redundant or irrelevant information.
• Look for areas in your paper where something is missing or the argumentation is too weak.
• Ask your friends or relatives to read your essay and recommend corrections.
• Use helper apps like Grammarly to find and correct all of the mistakes.
• Ensure your essay is logically structured and has all the paragraphs from an outline.

And that's how you write an essay! Feel free to use our free persuasive essay maker to increase the quality of your texts even further.

We also recommend using our reworder and title page generator .

❓ Persuasive Essay Generator: FAQ

❓ what is the purpose of a persuasive essay.

A persuasive essay uses logic and argumentation to demonstrate why one idea is more valid than another. It aims to influence the reader to accept a specific position or action. In a persuasive essay, you should review all viewpoints to make the arguments truly convincing.

❓ What should a persuasive essay always include?

A persuasive essay includes 3 parts: an introduction, the main body with multiple arguments, and a conclusion. Usually, the length of this kind of essay is around 3 to 5 paragraphs. All arguments from the main body should have supporting facts, logical justifications, examples, and evidence.

❓ How do you start a persuasive essay?

A persuasive essay starts with a catchy hook that aims to attract the audience and motivate them to continue reading. A hook is followed by a brief retelling of the topic's background. Finally, the introduction ends with a thesis stating the essay's objective.

❓ What makes a good persuasive essay?

An excellent persuasive essay provides convincing arguments and solid proof. It mustn't be emotional and should treat all points of view with respect. In addition, a good persuasive essay can attract the audience with a catchy hook.

🔗 References

• Persuasive Essay Guide: How to Write a Persuasive Essay
• Writing a Persuasive Essay: Hamilton College
• Persuasive Essay Outline: Houston Community College
• Writing a Persuasive Essay: Butte College
• Persuasive Essay: Miami Dade College

Free Thesis Statement Generator - Create Your Thesis Online

1. State your topic*

Your topic is the main idea of your paper. It is usually a phrase or a few words that summarize the subject of your paper.

2. State the main idea about this topic*

Explicitly state what the main point of your thesis will be early in your paper.

3. Add evidence that supports your main idea*

What evidence could you use to drive home your thesis’ point? What facts or reasons support your argument?

4. Give another evidence that supports your main point

5. Include a counterargument if possible

Every topic has alternative schools of thought. Think of someone who would disagree with your arguments and/or evidence. What would they say? The more you understand the counterargument, the better you can defend your thesis and its arguments with evidence.

Read the options and choose the one you like:

How to use thesis generator by papersowl.

• Enter all the information we need in brief, do not use full sentences.
• Everything you need is to insert your text and its title into the box.
• Do not use capital letters, periods, or full stops in your answer.
• Hit the “Generate Thesis” button and get samples of your thesis statement.
• Choose the one that suits you from the five presented.

What should you have before using Thesis Generator?

• The topic of your paper. Get creative topic with our topic generator .
• Main conclusion. Use conclusion generator to compose a summary for any type of paper!
• Arguments for your conclusion
• Argument against

(Votes: 0 )

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• Research paper
• Dissertation

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Thesis Statement Generator Review

Other platforms charge for the use of their thesis statement generator that are not always reliable or unique; you get the opposite with Papersowl’s simplistic and reliable thesis statement generator.

How Does Thesis Statement Generator Work?

• The task is to formulate the key concept of your paper; in other words, this is your topic. A statement or a few phrases summarize your paper's main theme. Fill in the requested topic of your paper. First, you should enter all the relevant information. Use clear and concise phrases. You do not need to use complete sentences.
• Explain your major point regarding this subject by inserting the title and the text into the box. Write what you need to say or prove about your subject. When expressing your viewpoint, explain one main thought, define the subject, and declare something particular about it. Avoid using capital characters, periods, or full stops.
• Fields marked with an asterisk are mandatory. Once you have filled them in, hit the generate thesis button. You will see the results below in a separate window. Key phrases will be highlighted in different colors. You can rephrase the thesis or click the button to get a new one. In addition to generating a thesis, you can request the design of examples. Several possible theses will be displayed in the same window.
• The last step is optional. The program offers you sample essays. Click on the corresponding button to get acquainted with examples of related works. The search will return essays or excerpts as close as possible to your topic. You can read them for free or, if necessary, order the full version.
• Reliable Editors
• Any Field of Study
• Fair Prices

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Advantages Of Thesis Statement Generator By PapersOwl

A thesis statement may appear the most complicated task in the process of writing an academic assignment. We’ve covered you here by developing a game-changing tool. Generating perfect thesis statements, it fills the gaps for you and provides some other tasty benefits:

Our service formulates a powerful thesis statement that informs readers about the scope, objectives, and subject of the paper. The thesis statements derived from our tool are catchy, unique, and relevant, so you don't have to worry about their intelligibility.

We understand your pains arising in the process of creating an efficient research paper and we don't want to further increase them. That's why we made our tool free for you to use.

Students may spend hours trying to come up with a relevant thesis statement they can defend in the course of the research. We offer a simple and time-saving algorithm for a great outcome.

We developed our tool with experts so that you could receive the best service. The brand-new software analyzes your inputs and produces a 100% unique statement that guides the reader and backs up your research.

Thesis Statement Generator Online

The most difficult and main part of each writing work is to form a thesis statement. The assignments of different topics are not so easy to create it perfectly at the beginning of writing. But to solve this problem and to help people all around the world who have been puzzled for hours over this issue, an online thesis statement generator was developed and that’s why you can try now to make your ideal one with filling the gaps. Sounds too complicated?

Don’t be scared of wasting lots of time or payments because it will take you less than 2 minutes to get your wish from the free thesis generator. There is nothing sophisticated, just start your research by stating your topic and then write down the main idea of the text, your position. After that you have to fill in a few more gaps, press submit and Bob’s your uncle.

By the way, our website involved lots of professionals to create such a wise thesis maker. And you may not be informed that this service is mostly chargeable on different websites. But we offer you is entirely free of payment. And if you are interested in such an experiment for your writing skills you can try a thesis for a research paper .

If You Pay For Research Paper You Get Many Advantages

Main types of thesis statement.

There are some kinds of essay papers that have ideas and purposes. Therefore, it is logical that for each particular type of essay you should use your own corresponding thesis creator. Each of them has specific skills to find an appropriate one analyzing all information you brought in and producing a well-directed idea in accordance with the essay type.  Also, each of them has its own system of calculation.

• Informative speech statement  generator

The main idea is to form no argument or expressing but a general goal of your essay. Here it is very important since this expository thesis statement provides the reader with a clear and accessible view of your paper and keeps reading curious.

• Compare and contrast the thesis statement generator.

This calculator works with comparison two or more things depending on your writing task. Instead of wasting lots of time to find an appropriate one to contrast it is very wise to work out the best statement. And having already all the points to work with it would be much easier to finish your work.

• Argumentative thesis statement generator

The problem of this writing helper is to get your opinion and to find out perfect arguments towards it. This one is based on examining your counter position, suggesting different reasons for the subject. Also, get your short summarize on exploring the issue.

• Cause and effect thesis statement generator

Using this one you will get a variety of reasons that refer to the text main idea, which is always hard to produce much. Moreover, you will receive effects that are related to just-ready causes. After that, it is no problem to get over with the rest of the analytical writing information to have your essay one of the best.

• Expository thesis statement generator

Helping students with explaining the sense of an issue to the audience is how it works. What does it imply? Working out evidence evaluating and investigating the problem of the text you will get the very one you needed. The hardest difficulties of such kind of essay leave for its solving.

Choose the appropriate thesis statement maker to enjoy its results on research paper writing service.

The Structure Of Thesis Statement

Its structure is a strong argument you should prove through the whole text. To build it you need to a generalization in one or two sentences. It should include a comment on your position, central message, be something clear and useful for readers. Shape it to show the reader that all information and main you mean there is in your narrative work, nothing extra. Every sentence should be informative or has a reason to think about it.

Samples Of Thesis Statement Created By Our Users

People who visited our website tried to create their own samples and here is what they got:

• After graduating high school, students need a gap year because this leads to socialization and students become aware of what do they want from life.

Considering high schools and people it is a fact as that is the true and the second part of the sentence is a reason because that could be the answer to the previous part of the sentence.

Sample Of Thesis Statement On Gender Roles.

Using a thesis statement creator makes it possible to receive such a sentence:

• There are some expectations that we grow familiar as the times passes and they are regarded to be the gender roles. Basically, the gender role is what is convenient for a man or woman to do in society.
• You get it when explaining that, for example, what I believe on this matter is that it affects children and teenagers negatively because it puts pressure on them and creates a superiority relation between the genders in our society.

Sample Of Statement On Advertising

How to make one? To express your opinion even on advertising it is available with thesis statement generator free. Just look at the problem from different sides. Here we have:

• Advertising can be incredibly effective and powerful in promoting causes and beneficial products, while at the same time be negative for forcing ideas upon its audience. Advertising, despite its causes, is beneficial and necessary towards creating a stable and free-flowing society and economy.

Thus here we have a strong one and already positive and negative sides. They are significant in developing good text and picking up all the audience. By the way, if it is difficult to continue with the writing and thesis generator for the research paper didn’t give you a strong new one, because you can always choose buy a research paper at our website.

Sample Of Statement On Fake News

To form such kind of them also needs some efforts but if you are already little experience in this area it wouldn’t be quite difficult. Everything is about practice.

• We present new evidence on the role of false stories circulated on social media prior to the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Drawing on audience data, archives of fact-checking websites, and results from a new online survey, we find: social media was an important but not dominant source of news in the run-up to the election.

This is a phrase we should work with. Having studied that we can claim that:

Exploring many reliable sources it turned out that presidential elections weren’t clear and even social media were accused of it.

Now you are acquainted much closer with statement generators of different kinds. We believe your life will become easier with its help and good grades expect for you soon. Thus, don’t give up on your writing, use smart technologies and make progress. You can much more than you are expected to do.

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Getting your wording just right.

Paraphrasing is a natural part of the writing process as it helps you clarify your thinking and suit your words to your audience. Using a Paraphrase Tool helps structure and streamline this work, and our paraphrase tool offers 20 modes, many of them free, for accomplishing just this. The 20 modes we offer are diverse, including a summarize tool, a free grammar checker, a mode to simplify text, and a sentence shortener. There are sentence rephrasers and paraphrase rephrase tools, and we pride ourselves on having both, since our reword generator accounts for context at both the sentence and paragraph levels.

When you google paraphrase you will get a variety of results, from a free Paraphrase Tool , to an article spinner, to a general phrase tool, and it can be hard to determine which of these rephrase tools will best help you complete your work. If you simply need to get a word rephrase, that is, reword only small elements within the sentence, many tools will suffice, but there is the risk that you end up with a tool that does not consider context and produces very awkward and ungrammatical sentences. Rephrasing is very much an art, and we’ve built our paraphrase bot to produce the most correct results in 20 modes in over 100 languages, making it the best paraphrasing tool at an exceptionally low cost. So whether you need to paraphrase deutsch, paraphrase greek, or paraphrase bahasa melayu, the next time you think, I need something to paraphrase this for me, you’ll know where to turn.

From keywords to paragraphs

Generating paragraphs with unique ideas can be challenging, and too often writers get stuck at this stage of the writing process. With our paragraph tool, you can enter keywords and let our AI generate paragraphs for you, so that you can have something to work with, refine the output, and become more engaged in your writing.

A paragraph generator creates links between your ideas, such that the output is sensible, unique, and stimulating, very close to what you would expect a thoughtful human paragraph writer to produce.

Paragraph makers are nice, but what about a short story generator? Because our AI is generalized, it serves a story generator, an essay generator, a poem generator, and much more. To generate compelling stories, you should provide the story generator with useful keywords from which it can develop plot elements, including characters, setting details, and any situational information. To generate reasonably good essays, you should likewise provide the essay maker with details around argumentative positions and any other pertinent ideas. If you more specifically want an introduction paragraph generator or conclusion paragraph generator, you can provide starter text and keywords that will best enable our essay creator to produce them.

You may well ask, “is this essay generator free?” Everything on this site is free within a 3-day trial, so you can test and develop confidence in our products. You may also be wondering where this is an essay automatic writer or if it will take a while to get results. All results appear within a matter of seconds, so you can move through your work as quickly as possible.

You may have professional needs for creating paragraphs as well, such as those needed for cover letter. Most of the time a cover letter template includes information that is not relevant to you; by using your own keywords, we can produce cover letter examples that are relevant to your use case and often require very little editing. By using this service, you can also learn how to write a cover letter and achieve the cover letter format you need.

Plagiarism checker free

Like everything else on our site, you can check plagiarism free within a trial, which is a great opportunity for those who want to check a paper for plagiarism without committing to paying before they see results. This free plagiarism checker is great for students and clearly indicates how to check for plagiarism by highlighting areas of similarity between the two texts. Just to be sure you are not accidentally plagiarizing, be sure to check all of your paraphrases as well.

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Thesis Generator for Argumentative Essay

Argumentative essay is considered to be one of the hardest assignments to complete. Luckily, students are not left alone. Thesis generator for the argumentative essay is standing by your side.

Thesis generator for argumentative essay saves the day

It is well known, that argumentative essay requires an in-depth investigation of the topic, decent evidence and a good understanding of the taken position about the issue. The essay itself has to be written in a concise manner. So, first of all, you most probably would need an argumentative essay thesis statement generator.

It is said, that a well-written argumentative essay can be excellent as an opening statement in a trial. It means that a decent argumentative essay is presenting an issue, provides necessary background and puts forward the principal argument. Also, the essay should have a perfectly logical structure, the style preferred is intellectual and persuasive.

Before you start writing your essay, make sure you went through decent research on the topic collected the needed amount of evidence and arguments. Also, you have to make a decision and take a side you’ll stand for in your essay.

Argumentative thesis statement generator

Argumentative thesis statement generator is designed to help you formulate the thesis for your future argumentative essay. Having a thesis, it would be easier for you to complete the other four essential parts of your argumentative essay, namely claims, counterarguments, reasons, and evidence.

To write a good argumentative essay start with an impressive first sentence, a hook. Add some background and after that state your thesis. With the last part, you might want help from an argumentative thesis generator.

Best argumentative essay thesis is narrowed down and is far from being broad. It also should be focused on a debate topic, take the side to conquer for and creates a claim, which would be supported in the text that follows in your paper.

Argumentative essay thesis generator

The thesis is the core of the whole essay. Thus you have to be considering it separately. It should sum up the whole piece with one clear and precise sentence. Your thesis statement should express your position you’ve taken towards the issue. It would be particularly great if that statement would be formulated in a way, that your reader would be potentially able to disagree and argue against. Therefore try using argumentative thesis generator to formulate this essential sentence properly.

• Thesis Statement Generator
• Argumentative Essay
• Select the essay type you are about to complete.
• Fill in the questionnaire with short clear phrases. Avoid full sentences.
• Do not use capital letters and periods. Make sure your answers are relevant and precise. You are welcome to follow the input examples.
• Click on ‘Generate Thesis Statement’ button once you finish the questionnaire.
• Get the generated thesis statement. It would appear in the open to edit field. You are welcome to improve it if needed.
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For more book titles, try our custom GPT .

Click the "Get Titles" button above to see titles.

How To Use the AI Argumentative Essay Title Generator

Our AI essay title generator uses the power of large language models to generate interesting and unqiue titles for your essays. Simply enter a topic in the textbox above and click the "Get Titles" button. A title will be generated for you.

If you almost like a title generated, but want some modifications, you can rewrite the title .

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Persuasive Essay Topics

• Should people with higher income pay more taxes? Why or why not?
• Which class is more important: physical education or music class?
• Uniforms in school: should they be mandatory or should they be banned? Elaborate on your reasoning.
• Should parents and teachers be able to ban certain books from schools?
• Should kids learn sign speech instead of a foreign language at school?
• Home economic classes: why or why not?
• Should recycling be made mandatory?
• Do zoos help or harm animals?
• Should chess be considered a sport?
• Should kids be able to opt out of pledging alliance to the flag?
• Can online school be as effective as traditional school?
• Should kids under 18 be banned from playing dangerous sports like tackle football?
• Informatics and computer classes: why or why not?
• Should it be mandatory to volunteer some hours before graduating high school?
• Should young adults graduating high school take a gap year before going to University? why or why not?

Descriptive Essay Titles and Topics

• The best trip of my life
• My first pet
• My favorite animal
• My favorite meal
• Special memories with grandpa and grandma
• These are the games I play with my friends
• I miss the day when...
• This is why I love my best friend
• This is why I love my family
• What I want to be when I grow up
• The toy I play the most with
• A day at the park
• I went to the dentist
• My last birthday party
• A magical animal
• What I carry in my backpack
• This is my house
• What I like about my teacher

Advanced Topics (Middle and High School Essay Topics):

• If I could meet any celebrity, dead or alive, that would be...
• My daily routine
• The books that I enjoyed the most
• If I was a movie director, this would be the plot of my first movie
• If I was a writer, this would be the plot of my first book
• My dream profession
• My proposal for a new school subject
• What I feel most excited about
• The person who influenced me the most
• Traits that I have in common with my friends
• The world needs a new superhero
• If I was the president of the country this is what I would do
• A perfect week would look like this
• What I would take to an island
• Where I would go if I could travel back in time
• What will the future look like
• A precious memory from childhood
• How can a student make the world a better place?
• What beauty means to me
• What I could be famous for one day
• Google vs Bing: Which is better?
• Teens or 20s: When is the perfect time to start dating?
• Major differences between US English and UK English
• What makes 20th century and 21st century similar?
• Is working from home more efficient than working from the office?
• Freelancing vs Permanent Job
• Comparison between Trump's and Obama's ideas
• Differences between the lifestyle of rich and poor
• Morning vs Evening
• Fashion in winter and summer: Different or the same?
• Effects of healthy food and fast food
• Differences between the lifestyle of people living in a city and people living in a village
• Tall guys against short guys
• True love and fake love
• Long-distance relationship vs short-distance relationship
• Friendship vs. romantic relationships
• Advantages and disadvantages of working till late
• What adults prefer: Reading or watching?
• What is more trendy: TV show or web series?
• What is more fun: Playing games on a computer or on a smartphone?

Argumentative Essay Titles and Topics

• Can smoking be prevented by making tobacco illegal?
• Is global climate change caused by humans?
• Education should be free.
• Is college tuition becoming way too expensive?
• Is religion the cause of war?
• Do we have a fair tax system?
• Should working moms be given special privileges?
• A well-read person isn't necessarily a smart person.
• Are cell phones dangerous?
• Which secondary languages are worth studying today?
• Steroid takers should be banned from team sports activities.
• Are CEOs paid too much?
• Should the government provide health care?
• Beauty magazines should stop photoshopping models.
• Smartphones actually help the learning process.
• Are we too dependent on computers?
• Is homework harmful or helpful?
• Should euthanasia be illegal?
• Alcohol usage should be controlled.
• Is college admission too competitive?
• Does social media fame impact one's life?
• Will paper money be substituted by electronic money?
• Third World War should be prevented by Russian and the US government.
• Are schools and teachers responsible for low test scores?
• Does the educational system prepare students for the real world?

Narrative Essay Topics

• Tell me about your biggest success
• Tell me about your biggest failure
• Tell me about a time you had to deal with a difficult situation and how you overcame it.
• An experience that left you feeling frustrated, and how you dealt with the feelings.
• If you could have any superpower you wanted, which one would you choose? Elaborate on why and how you would use it.
• Tell me about a random act of kindness that happened to you or somebody else.
• Tell me about an issue that you care about.
• When are you the most happy?
• A time where you had a lot of fun.
• A time when you got lost.
• A time where you were afraid.
• A time where you looked up to your parents.
• Have you ever met a famous person? If you haven't, which famous person would you like to meet and why?
• A time where you stood up for your beliefs.
• A time where you felt really proud of yourself.

Expository Essay Topics

• What is the best way to improve your grades at school?
• How does television influence our perception of reality?
• What is the easiest way to get started in the stock market?
• Who was the best athlete of the 20th century?
• Can videogames really increase violence?
• What's the effect of extended quarantine in our health?
• Is bullying unavoidable in a school setting?
• How to improve your running speed.
• Why are yawns contagious?
• How did dogs really become man's best friend?
• How to be time efficient on college
• Why does super glue dry so fast?
• What was the influence of Sigmund Freud on modern psychology?
• What is the most affordable country in the world?
• Should internet be a basic human right in the 21st century?
• What is the origin of last names?
• Are Marvel movies an accurate representation of the original source?
• What is the biggest crisis the film industry has faced in history?
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You can get titles that are more specific to your use case by selecting more options. Just click on the down arrow next to the "More Options" box to get started.

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• Use: By selecting a use, you can choose whether your title will be used for marketing, an essay, a newspaper, a book, and more.

Refining Your Titles

You can also refine titles that are generated. By click "More like this" next to a generated title, you can get another title that is similar to the title that was just generated.

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LSAT Argumentative Writing

LSAT Argumentative Writing SM

A new approach to the Writing section of the LSAT 

Beginning July 30, 2024, LSAT Argumentative Writing will replace the LSAT Writing prompt that has been part of the LSAT since 1982.

This new approach to the writing assessment aims to assess a test taker’s ability to construct a cogent argument based on a variety of evidentiary sources. Test takers will be presented with a debatable issue, along with three or four perspectives that provide additional context for the issue. These perspectives, each of which is conveyed in a few sentences, are representative of a system of beliefs or values. Together, the perspectives illustrate competing ideologies and arguments around a particular issue. The test taker will then draft an argumentative essay in which they take a position on the issue, while addressing some of the arguments and ideas presented by the other perspectives. 

The new argumentative writing task is designed to give test takers a clearer, more authentic writing purpose than the former “decision-based” LSAT Writing prompt, which was more narrowly focused on pure logical reasoning. When test takers have an opportunity to construct an original thesis and defend it based on their own judgment and analytical evaluation, rather than following pre-ordained lines of reasoning, we can better assess the broader and more complex range of decision-making skills that writers engage in.

By adopting this design, we’re not only enabling individuals to have a more authentic voice in their argument, but we are also better positioned to evaluate the writer’s ability to employ various rhetorical techniques, evidentiary strategies, and other important aspects of argumentative writing. 

Given the additional reading load required by the new writing task format, LSAT Argumentative Writing will include a short preparatory period that test takers can use to organize their thoughts using guided prewriting analysis questions and to take notes using the digital notetaking tool provided in the testing environment. These questions are designed to help test takers analyze the various perspectives and generate productive ideas for their essay. Most test takers will have a total of 50 minutes — 15 minutes for prewriting analysis and 35 minutes for essay writing. Test takers with approved accommodations for additional time will have their time allocations adjusted accordingly.

For the 2024-2025 testing cycle, LSAT Argumentative Writing will remain an unscored section of the LSAT and will be administered exclusively in an online proctored, on-demand environment using secure proctoring software that is installed on the test taker’s computer.

Quick Facts about LSAT Writing

Online administration.

Before You Begin — Top Tips

If your LSAT Argumentative Writing session is flagged for further review, it may delay the release of your LSAT score. Review these tips to avoid having your session flagged.

Required for LSAT Scoring

LSAT Argumentative Writing samples are not scored, but LSAT Argumentative Writing is a required part of the LSAT. Your LSAT score cannot be released to law schools if you do not have a completed and approved LSAT Argumentative Writing sample on file .

Take a Practice Writing Prompt

Through your free LSAC LawHub account, you have access to an official LSAT Argumentative Writing practice prompt that can help you prepare for test day. This writing prompt is representative of the kind of prompts that are used in the LSAT Argumentative Writing assessment. You can use this prompt to get familiar with both the content and the interface of the test.

You can sign into LawHub with your LSAC username and password.

Testing Accommodations

Through our deep commitment to disability rights, LSAC will continue to address the needs of all individuals with disabilities who require testing accommodations. We will make every effort to ensure all test takers are able to fully demonstrate their skills when they take the LSAT and LSAT Argumentative Writing.

Learn More about testing accommodations

Learn How to Verify Your ID on Test Day

When you launch valid, government-issued photo ID . We’ve compiled a list of tips, so you’ll know what to do (and not do!) when it’s time to photograph your ID on exam day. If your LSAT Writing sample is flagged due to ID issues, it could delay the release of your LSAT score.--> LSAT Argumentative Writing, you’ll need to take a photo of your valid, government-issued photo ID. Please ensure that the photo of your ID is clear and recognizable. Images of IDs that are blurry, out of focus, or unrecognizable will not be accepted, and your writing sample will be canceled. Please review the image of your ID on your screen for clarity before capturing the image.

Review ID Requirements

Frequently Asked Questions

How do i register for lsat argumentative writing.

If you’re taking the LSAT for the first time, one administration of LSAT Argumentative Writing is included in your LSAT registration. By registering for the LSAT, you will be automatically eligible to complete the writing section, which is open eight (8) days before you take the multiple-choice portion of the LSAT. You can access LSAT Argumentative Writing from your LSAC JD Account. 

NOTE:  The LSAT registration fee includes both the multiple-choice portion of the LSAT and LSAT Argumentative Writing. There are no additional fees associated with LSAT Argumentative Writing. 

When can I take LSAT Argumentative Writing?

Candidates are eligible to take LSAT Argumentative Writing starting eight (8) days prior to their LSAT administration. For your LSAT to be considered complete, you will need to take the LSAT Argumentative Writing section of the test if you do not already have a writing sample on file from a previous LSAT administration. Most law schools require a writing sample as an integral part of their admission decision, and therefore, you should complete a writing sample to meet schools’ application deadlines. Your writing sample will be shared with the law schools to which you have applied once it’s approved and your score is released. Candidates will be required to have a completed writing sample in their file to see their test score or have their score released to law schools. 

How long does it take to complete the LSAT Argumentative Writing task?

Most test takers will have a total of 50 minutes — 15 minutes for prewriting analysis and 35 minutes for essay writing. Test takers with approved accommodations for additional time will have their time allocations adjusted accordingly. Test takers can use the 15-minute prewriting analysis to organize their thoughts using guided prewriting analysis questions and to take notes using the digital notetaking tool provided in the testing environment. These questions are designed to help test takers analyze the various perspectives and generate productive ideas for their essay. All test takers will have the option to move past the prewriting analysis after 5 minutes of time have expired, or they may choose to use their full time allocated.

By when do I have to complete LSAT Argumentative Writing?

If you do not have a writing sample on file, we encourage you to complete LSAT Argumentative Writing as soon as you can. LSAT Argumentative Writing opens eight (8) days prior to every test administration. Candidates must have a complete writing sample in their file in order to see their score or have their score released to schools. Most law schools require a writing sample as an integral part of their admission decision, and therefore, you should complete the writing sample immediately to meet schools’ application deadlines. 

In case you are not applying in the current cycle, please note you have a maximum of one (1) year to complete LSAT Argumentative Writing. For questions, please contact LSAC’s Candidate Services team at  [email protected]  or  1.800.336.3982 .

What can I use to write notes since scratch paper is prohibited?

Unlike the multiple-choice portion of the LSAT, physical scratch paper and writing utensils are not permitted during the standard administration of LSAT Argumentative Writing. Instead, the LSAT Argumentative Writing interface includes a built-in, digital “scratch paper” section where you’ll be able to type notes, instead of writing them on a physical piece of scratch paper. 

How is test security managed for LSAT Writing?

The secure proctoring platform uses input from the webcam, microphone, and screen of the candidate’s own computer to ensure that the writing sample is the candidate’s own work, and that the candidate is not receiving any inappropriate assistance. Prior to the exam, candidates will complete a video check-in process. As part of the check-in process, candidates will be required to clearly display a physical, valid government-issued photo ID issued by the United States of America, U.S. Territories, or Canada or an international passport for the camera to capture. This image must not be blurry or out of focus. Candidates will also be required to complete a full 360-degree scan of their room and their workspace using their webcam. The room scan must be completed in order to ensure there are no other people or prohibited items in the testing environment. Candidates who require additional items in their workspace due to a disability may seek appropriate accommodations through the standard procedures for  requesting testing accommodations .    

Audio and video from every testing session will be reviewed by trained proctors. 

Please review the  Test and Test-Taker Security FAQs  for more information. 

Do I need to take LSAT Argumentative Writing if I’ve already completed LSAT Writing?

If you previously took LSAT Writing during the current reportable score period (i.e., as early as June 2018), your previous writing sample is still valid, and you do not need to complete LSAT Argumentative Writing. However, if you register to retake the LSAT during the 2024-2025 testing year and would like to complete LSAT Argumentative Writing, you can contact LSAC’s Candidate Relations team at [email protected] or 1.800.336.3982 .

I took the LSAT before August 2024 but never completed LSAT Writing. Can I complete LSAT Argumentative Writing to get my LSAT score?

Yes. LSAT Writing will be available through July 29, 2024. Starting July 30, 2024, LSAT Argumentative Writing will be available to all test takers who still need to complete a writing sample, even if they took the multiple-choice portion of the LSAT during the 2023-2024 testing year.

When will sample prompts for the new LSAT Argumentative Writing be available in LawHub?

What Is a Capstone Project vs. Thesis

As students near the end of their academic journey, they encounter a crucial project called the capstone – a culmination of all they've learned. But what exactly is a capstone project? 

This article aims to demystify capstone projects, explaining what they are, why they matter, and what you can expect when you embark on this final academic endeavor.

Capstone Project Meaning

A capstone project is a comprehensive, culminating academic endeavor undertaken by students typically in their final year of study. 

It synthesizes their learning experiences, requiring students to apply the knowledge, skills, and competencies gained throughout their academic journey. A capstone project aims to address a real-world problem or explore a topic of interest in depth. 

As interdisciplinary papers, capstone projects encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. They allow students to showcase their mastery of their field of study and demonstrate their readiness for future academic or professional pursuits.

Now that we’ve defined what is a capstone project, let’s discuss its importance in the academic landscape. In case you have short-form compositions to handle, simply say, ‘ do my essay for me ,’ and our writers will take care of your workload.

Why Is a Capstone Project Important

A capstone project is crucial because it allows students to combine everything they've learned in school and apply it to real-life situations or big problems. 

It's like the ultimate test of what they know and can do. By working on these projects, students get hands-on experience, learn to think critically and figure out how to solve tough problems. 

Plus, it's a chance to show off their skills and prove they're ready for whatever comes next, whether that's starting a career or going on to more schooling.

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What Is the Purpose of a Capstone Project

Here are three key purposes of a capstone project:

Integration of Knowledge and Skills

Capstones often require students to draw upon the knowledge and skills they have acquired throughout their academic program. The importance of capstone project lies in helping students synthesize what they have learned and apply it to a real-world problem or project. 

This integration helps students demonstrate their proficiency and readiness for graduation or entry into their chosen profession.

Culmination of Learning

Capstone projects culminate a student's academic journey, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. 

tackling a significant project or problem, students demonstrate their understanding of concepts and their ability to translate them into practical solutions, reinforcing their learning journey.

Professional Development

Capstone projects allow students to develop skills relevant to their future careers. These projects can also be tangible examples of their capabilities to potential employers or graduate programs.

Whether it's conducting research, presenting findings, or collaborating with peers, students gain valuable experience that enhances their professional readiness. 

Types of Capstone Projects

Capstones vary widely depending on the academic discipline, institution, and specific program requirements. Here are some common types:

What Is the Difference Between a Thesis and a Capstone Project

Here's a breakdown of the key differences between a thesis and a capstone project:

How to Write a Capstone Project

Let's dive into the specifics with actionable and meaningful steps for writing a capstone project:

1. Select a Pertinent Topic

Identify a topic that aligns with your academic interests, program requirements, and real-world relevance. Consider issues or challenges within your field that merit further exploration or solution. 

Conduct thorough research to ensure the topic is both feasible and significant. Here are some brilliant capstone ideas for your inspiration.

2. Define Clear Objectives

Clearly articulate the objectives of your capstone project. What specific outcomes do you aim to achieve? 

Whether it's solving a problem, answering a research question, or developing a product, ensure your objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

3. Conduct Comprehensive Research

Dive deep into existing literature, theories, and empirical evidence related to your chosen topic. Identify gaps, controversies, or areas for further investigation. 

Synthesize relevant findings and insights to inform the development of your project and provide a solid foundation for your analysis or implementation.

4. Develop a Structured Plan

What is a capstone project in college without a rigid structure? Outline a comprehensive plan for your capstone project, including key milestones, tasks, and deadlines. 

Break down the project into manageable phases, such as literature review, data collection, analysis, and presentation. Establish clear criteria for success and regularly monitor progress to stay on track.

5. Implement Methodological Rigor

If your project involves research, ensure methodological rigor by selecting appropriate research methods, tools, and techniques. 

Develop a detailed research design or project plan that addresses key methodological considerations, such as sampling, data collection, analysis, and validity. Adhere to ethical guidelines and best practices throughout the research process.

6. Analyze and Interpret Findings

Analyze your data or findings using appropriate analytical techniques and tools. Interpret the results in relation to your research questions or objectives, highlighting key patterns, trends, or insights. 

Critically evaluate the significance and implications of your findings within the broader context of your field or industry.

7. Communicate Effectively

Present your capstone project clearly, concisely, and compellingly. Whether it's a written report, presentation, or multimedia deliverable, tailor your communication style to your target audience. Clearly articulate your research questions, methodology, findings, and conclusions. 

Use visuals, examples, and real-world applications to enhance understanding and engagement. Be prepared to defend your project and answer questions from peers, faculty, or stakeholders.

In wrapping up, what is a capstone project? It’s like the grand finale of your academic journey, where all the knowledge and skills you've acquired come together in one big project. 

It's not just about passing a test or getting a grade – it's about proving you've got what it takes to make a real difference in the world. So, if you ever need capstone project help , our writers will gladly lend you a hand in no time.

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What Is a Capstone Project in College?

How to do a capstone project, how long does a capstone project take to complete.

Annie Lambert

specializes in creating authoritative content on marketing, business, and finance, with a versatile ability to handle any essay type and dissertations. With a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a passion for social issues, her writing not only educates but also inspires action. On EssayPro blog, Annie delivers detailed guides and thought-provoking discussions on pressing economic and social topics. When not writing, she’s a guest speaker at various business seminars.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

• T. (2023, June 16). What Is a Capstone Project? National University. https://www.nu.edu/blog/what-is-a-capstone-project/
• Lukins, S. (2024, May 12). What is a capstone project? And why is it important? Top Universities. https://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/careers-advice-articles/what-capstone-project-why-it-important
• Capstone Project vs. Thesis: What’s the Difference? (2021, December 9). UAGC. https://www.uagc.edu/blog/capstone-project-vs-thesis-whats-difference

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‘Artificial Intelligence’? No, Collective Intelligence.

The artist and musician holly herndon explores the promise — and complications — of collaborating with a.i..

From New York Times Opinion, this is “The Ezra Klein Show.”

[MUSIC PLAYING]

We are already awash in crappy A.I. content. Some of it is crappy commercial A.I. content that wants to sell you things. Some of it is crappy A.I. art. And it got me interested amidst all this complaining. What does it mean right now to be making good A.I. art? And so I read this profile of the A.I. artist and musician Holly Herndon in “The New Yorker,” and then separately, this DJ I met mentioned her work to me. So I should check this out.

And so I went and listened to her 2019 album, “PROTO,” which was done alongside an A.I. voice trained on her voice and others. And I was walking to work when the song “Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt” came on.

[HOLLY HERNDON, “FEAR, UNCERTAINTY, DOUBT”]

And I just stopped walking.

What makes so much A.I. art so bad, in my opinion, is that it’s so generic. These are generative systems. We keep calling them generative. But generative is so — when we use that term, it usually means it helped you get somewhere new. But these systems are mimics. They help you go somewhere old. They can help us write or draw or compose like anyone else. But I find it much harder when using them to become more like yourself. And most of what I see coming out of people using them, it’s all riffing on others in this very obvious way.

What I like about Herndon’s art is she uses A.I. to become weirder, stranger, more uncanny, more personal. It’s going in the exact opposite direction. And some of her art questions the entire way these systems work. She and her partner, Mat Dryhurst, did this project at the Whitney Biennial this year, where they created an image generator based on images of Herndon, or at least what the A.I. system seemed to think she looked like, which is she’s got this very striking copper hair. And so the way it understood her was really around this striking copper hair. She is, as she put it, a haircut.

And so they manipulated these images and they made this A.I. system where anybody can generate any image in the style of what A.I. systems think Holly Herndon is. So you can generate an image of a house, and it’ll have this long flowing copper hair. And it’ll tag itself as an image of Holly Herndon. And because it’s on the Whitney Biennial, these images have a certain authority in the way these A.I. scrapers work.

And so as they are scraping the internet for images in the future, she is potentially poisoning their idea of what she is. She is taking control over the A.I.‘s idea of Holly Herndon. I find that fascinating, A.I. art that is acting as a kind of sabotage of A.I. systems and the lack of voice we have in how we appear in them. Along with a bunch of collaborators, Herndon has a lot of projects trying to blaze a trail and do not just good A.I. art, but fair economics and ethics. And so I wanted to have her on the show to talk about it. As always, my email, [email protected]. [MUSIC PLAYING]

Holly Herndon, welcome to the show.

Thanks. It’s great to be here.

So something I find fascinating about you is that you grew up singing in church choirs. Then you moved to Berlin after college and got deep into Berlin techno. And I think those are respectively the most human and the most inhuman forms of music that human beings make. So how did they shape you?

Yeah, that’s a really good question. I mean, I feel like I’m such a product of the environments that I’ve spent a lot of time in, so I’m really interested in folk singing traditions coming from East Tennessee. Of course, growing up in a town next to where Dolly Parton is from, she always loomed large. Then I spent a lot of time in Berlin. And so of course, electronic music and techno has played a really big part of my story. And then also moving to the Bay Area, where I got really deeply interested in technology.

I feel like even though techno might sound and does kind of have a synthetic palette and does sound maybe inhuman, I feel like the rituals that happen around the music are very human and very sweaty and very embodied. So I think if you experience that culture in person, it feels less inhuman.

But why does that magic happen? So I was in Berlin, and I was down in the sort of big room in the bunker, I would call it, as sort of the way it felt to me. And I would say the music felt like being inside of a machine gun but in a good way. And meanwhile, as you say, what’s happening around it — I mean, it was actually the most inhuman music I’ve ever heard. And I like electronic music. But what’s happening around it is so human. I mean, all these people engaged in this most physical, sweaty, smelly ritual of dancing together. How do you understand both the meaning and the function of it? Why does music like that create that kind of transcendence?

I mean, this might sound strange, but music is a kind of coordination technology. So 4/4 techno beat is maybe the most clear communication of that. It’s so easy to participate in. It’s fairly easy to make. It’s also fairly easy to dance to and understand. So I feel like as a kind of — if I want to call it a kind of protocol, it’s an easy way to communicate what to do in that scenario. So I think that that’s why people have organized around it so much.

When I go out and listen to the further reaches of techno, in Berlin, in New York, where I live, I’ll often find myself at some point in the night thinking every piece of sound in this music is a choice. And when that choice sounds very artificial, right, when it sounds like something so removed from somebody playing strings or somebody singing, I think this person wanted to communicate in this extraordinarily machine-like way.

And this has been happening for a long time, I mean, talk boxes and synthesizers and all of these technologies. And I’m curious, as somebody who’s made some of that music or is deeply, at least within the culture that has made it, what is appealing about that? I mean, you said it creates this very sweaty human ritual. But first, there is this transition of the person into something that does not sound like people. It sounds like music that robots might make. It sounds like music from a faraway culture.

Maybe there’s something about living in in such a technologically mediated world that makes us want to find how we fit into that as humans. And music is such a kind of innate part of being a human. I mean, as a performer of the laptop, I was always trying to find a way to make the laptop feel really embodied, because at the time, when I started performing a lot, there was this criticism that, oh, you could be checking your email, or this doesn’t really feel like a lively performance. So I started using my voice as a kind of input stream.

[HOLLY HERNDON, “FADE”]

And the thing that I found really liberating about using my voice in that way is that I could kind do anything to digitally manipulate my voice to make it be so much more than it is physically. But what I really enjoyed was using my voice as a kind of controller or data stream, and then it could do things that I couldn’t imagine once I put it in the laptop and was able to process it in specific ways.

So there’s something about trying to come to terms with the systems around us by working through them and working with them. Collaborating maybe helps us kind understand where we sit in that feedback loop.

So in a minute, I want to play a clip of a piece of music you made. But first, I want to talk about how you made it. So tell me about Spawn.

Spawn, who was our A.I. baby experiment. “PROTO” was released in 2019, and Spawn came about two years before that. So at the time, it was a very different time, especially for audio. A lot of the visual models were developed earlier.

But eventually, things got better. We started playing with a project called SampleRNN and some other software. And you’ll hear still from the from the stems that we might play later the vocal quality, the sound quality from 2017, 2018. To me, it sounded like the really early recordings that you can find on YouTube. I think it’s like the earliest audio recording. It sounds really scratchy and super low fidelity. That’s what the audio sounded like back in the day.

And so it was this real issue of trying to get the high fidelity recordings that I was doing with my ensemble in the studio to live in the same universe as this really scratchy, low-fi audio that I was generating through Spawn.

Well, why don’t we play a bit of that? Because you kindly shared the stems for the song “Swim.” And maybe we should start here by playing the ensemble, the sort of chorus you brought together to sing for the album.

[VOCALIZATION]

So that’s really beautiful and really human. And now on the other side, I want to play the Spawn track on its own.

What am I hearing when I hear that somewhat nightmarish Spawn there?

So Spawn was trained on the voices of the ensemble. And so back then, we couldn’t deal with polyphony, which means one — more than one note at a time. So what we had to do was break each line into an individual line, and then we would feed that line to Spawn, who would then sing it back through the voice of our ensemble. And I think we were feeding it through with a either a voice synthesizer or a piano. I can’t remember. It’s been so long.

But so we basically use this idea, which is called timbre transfer. So that’s where the computer learns the logic of one sound and kind of superimposes that onto the performance of another. So that’s what we did. We had the ensemble sing a variety of phrases. We trained Spawn on their voices. And then we did a timbre transfer. We fed her the line that we wanted her to sing. And then she sang it back to us.

And I think hearing that, one question you could have is, well, what do you need Spawn for? Why not just have a human being sing into a talk box or use a synthesizer or ableton? We can make people’s voices sound strange already, auto-tune. What is the value of Spawn here?

I think overall spawn has a unique timbral quality that I actually really love because it really is a snapshot in time. It doesn’t sound like that anymore. It sounds really clean and, yeah, really high fidelity. But at that period of time, it’s I almost have this like romanticism around that, almost like a vinyl hiss or a pop for that very particular period of time in machine learning research.

But also, I felt like I really needed to be making my own models and dealing with the subject directly in order to have a really informed opinion about it. And I’m really glad that I made that decision, because it’s informed so much of the work that I do today. Just even the very basic understanding that that a model’s output is so tied to the training data, the input, I don’t know that I would have come to the profundity of that had I not been training my own models. And that’s really informed all of the work that I’ve done since then. So I think sometimes you just have to deal with the technology in order to make informed work around that technology.

We’re going to come back to the profundity of that, because I actually think it’s really important. But I wanted to do two things before we do. One is to play a bit of the full song, “Swim,” so people can hear where this ended up.

[HOLLY HERNDON, “SWIM”]

And so then I want to play something you just released more recently using — I don’t know if you’d call this an updated Spawn, but we’re calling Holly+, which is this much more modern voice model trained on your voice that you had covered Dolly Parton’s Jolene.

[HOLLY HERNDON, “JOLENE”]

So obviously the unearthly quality is gone. What am I hearing? Who — what is singing?

So that is a voice model trained on my voice. I worked with some researchers in Barcelona in a studio called Voctro Labs at the time. And Holly Plus was born. And as you can hear, it’s leaps and bounds better, more high — higher fidelity than little Spawn.

So basically, that version of Holly+, there are multiple versions. There’s a version that can be performed in real time, but this particular version is a score-reading piece of software. So I basically just write out a score with the text written out in phonemes. And then the software spits out basically pitch-perfect performance of that song. And of course, it helps to have Ryan Norris playing a beautiful human guitar accompaniment.

That’s a use case that I’m fascinated by, that I imagine will become more and more common in the future, which is a model trained on a person that one can sort of almost autonomously create as if it were that person. You can imagine somebody training a model on all of my podcasts. And then the model generates questions they could ask somebody, or a model generated all of my columns and you can spit out a an Op-Ed.

What is your relationship with that? And do you see it as an extension of what you can do? Or do you see it as a kind of partner you can collaborate with? Or do you see it as just some version of you that makes you scale because you can’t take commissions to sing from everybody out in the public, but they can all go to Holly Plus and get it to sing on their behalf? Like, what is your relationship with this nascent other you, or at least other voice of you, that now exists in the world?

I think I’m probably an outlier in my relationship here because my practice involved so much vocal processing. So if you listen to movement —

[HOLLY HERNDON, “MOVEMENT”]

— or a platform —

[HOLLY HERNDON, “CHORUS”]

The albums before “PROTO” before I started working with machine learning, I was already taking my voice and kind of mangling it beyond recognition, turning it into a machine itself. So for me to make a model of my voice that felt like the natural next step in an already very kind of highly-mediated process with my voice, I don’t expect everyone to have that relationship. I don’t really see the Holly+ voice as something that replaces me in any way. It’s something that I have fun playing with. I can attempt to perform things that I wouldn’t normally be able to.

You know, I did a performance with Maria Arnal in Barcelona, and, I mean, that music is so difficult to perform. I could never sing that. She can do all of these amazing melismatic diva runs that I could never dream of, but my voice model could do it. And that was really fun. And it didn’t confuse me to think, OK, I can do that now. It was more just fun to hear myself do something that I know that I couldn’t do alone acoustically. So I guess for me, it’s maybe like an extension or an augmentation of my own self.

So what did Holly+ add to that cover of Jolene? I mean, you could have just sung a few tracks of harmony and added them above the melody. So what does A.I. mean to you in it specifically?

Well, I think that one is perhaps a little personal because growing up in east Tennessee, Dolly Parton was kind of the patron saint of that region. And the kind of music that I usually perform has very heavily processed vocals and is usually, it’s a bit more abstract than a Dolly Parton song. So it was almost like I wouldn’t afford myself that or allow myself that, but I would allow Holly+ to do it, because there was this kind of level of removal. It’s almost like Holly+ can perform things that I would be too bashful to perform myself.

Oh, that’s really interesting, the idea that having another version of yourself out there could give you license to try things you wouldn’t otherwise try.

Yeah, like Jolene. I mean, I love Jolene as a project, but it doesn’t have the same ghostliness and quality as the music on “PROTO,” which is why I didn’t release it as an album, you know. It’s just not as interesting, somehow.

I guess the other thing, there’s a question of meaning here that I’ve been circling in my own time playing around with A.I. I spent a bunch of time recently creating sort of A.I. friends and therapists. And, you’re trying to understand, like, the relational A.I.s that you can build now.

And on the one hand, I was amazed at technically how good a lot of them were. At the same time, I find I never end up coming back. I find it very hard to make the habit sticky or the relationship sticky.

When I sit with my friend or my partner, the fact that they are choosing to be there with me is separate from the things that they are saying. And an experience I’m having with a lot of A.I. projects is that the output is pretty good, right? Holly+ sings really well. Or the therapist friend I made on Kindroid texts in a way that if you had just shown me the text, I would not know it’s not a human being.

But the absence of there being the meaning of it that another person brings, the fact that I know it’s Holly+, like, it’s a cool project, but I’m not going to keep listening to it. The fact that I know the Kindroid can’t not show up to talk to me, that that’s a relationship I control totally. It robs the interaction of meaning in a way that makes it hard for me to keep coming back to it.

And so somebody who works a lot with the question of meaning and sees a lot of these A.I. efforts happening, how do you think about what imbues them with meaning, and in what cases they end up feeling hollow?

It’s really funny. We did a live performance from “PROTO,” I guess in 2019, in New York. And we had the ensemble on the stage. And afterwards someone came up to me and they said, “I really enjoyed the show, but I don’t understand what it has to do with A.I.”

And actually that was the biggest compliment that I could receive, because I wasn’t trying to project this kind of super future, you know, A.I., high-tech story.

I was trying to show all of the kind of human relationships and the human singing that goes into training these models. That’s something I was really trying to get to with that album is, you know, allowing the some of the things that the computer can do, you know, some of the coordination that it can do is remarkable. But it can also free us up to just be more human together, to really just focus on the parts that we really want to focus on, which is just enjoying that moment of singing on stage together.

I’m also not so interested in necessarily having an A.I. therapist. That’s not what I find interesting or compelling about the space. I’m interested in exploring some of the weirdnesses in how we as a society define different things. That’s the kind of stuff that I’m interested in, not having a kind of like A.I. chat pet.

I’ve heard you say that with A.I., it’s the model that’s the art, not necessarily the output of the model.

Yeah, that’s one thing that we’re exploring quite a bit. So one of the potentials around machine learning is that you’re not limited to just a single output. You can create a model of whether that’s my own singing voice or whether that’s my own image or likeness, and you can allow other people to explore the logic of that model and to prompt through your world.

So it’s almost kind of like inviting people into your subjectivity, or inviting someone into your video, the video game of your art. So I think it has a lot of potential to be interesting in a kind of collaborative way with your audience. One term that we’re often using is “protocol art,” basically understanding that any work that’s made is a kind of seed for infinite generations. So we’re trying to lean into that.

So, for example, if we make a sculpture, which we did a project called “Ready Weight,” we also make it available as a package with an embedding and a Lora and all the kind of tools that anyone would need to be able to explore that sculpture in latent space. Or, you know, when we made the model of my voice with Holly+, we made that publicly available so anyone could make work for that. So that’s the example of protocol art, where really, it becomes a collaborative experience between myself and the people who are engaging with my work.

And in a way, art’s kind of always a little bit like that. It’s a conversation between the work that you’re making and the viewer or the recipient, but that becomes a little bit more complicated and fun, I think, in an A.I. world.

You wrote something in 2018 that I think is worth exploring where you said that A.I. is a deceptive, over-abused term. “Collective intelligence” is more useful. Why?

Because I really do see it as a kind of aggregate human intelligence. It’s trained on all of us. Specifically, when you look at music, it’s trained on human bodies performing very special tasks. And I think it does humans a great disservice to try to remove that from the equation.

I think that’s why I like to draw a parallel, also, to choral music, because I see it as a kind of coordination technology in the same kind of lineage as group singing. I think it’s a part of our evolutionary story and I think it’s a great human accomplishment that should be celebrated as such.

I want to explore what changes when you emphasize the collectivity of these models, the fact that they are in some ways an aggregate of all of us versus the artificiality of them, right? Artificial intelligence, which really emphasizes no, there’s something that somebody has written into software over here. They’re unearthly. They’re a new kind of thing. And one thing is actually, I think, economic, that there’s this whole question about who gets compensated and who’s going to make the money off of this and what all this training data is going to end up doing economically.

And it does seem very different to me if you understand these as on some level, a societal output, something that’s built on a kind of commons as opposed to a tremendous leap and feat of technology that is the sort of individual result of software geniuses working in garages and office parks somewhere.

Yeah, I mean, that basically summarizes the work that I’ve been doing for the last several years. It’s kind of like shouting that from the rooftops. Because I think if you see it through that lens, then it becomes something really beautiful and something to be celebrated and also something that’s not entirely new. You know, we’ve been embarking on collective projects, the entirety of our humanity to make things that are bigger than ourselves. And so if we can find a way to make that work in the real world with the kind of future of the economy, then yeah, I think it behooves us to figure that out.

The not entirely new part feels important to me. The degree to which this is all a continuum feels often underplayed in conversations about A.I., about the future of work, about humans and machines. But there’s also a way in which you see the A.I. companies using this argument to say that they should be given much more free rein and much more full profits over the products of these models, because they say, look. We’re not doing anything different than any other artist or anyone ever has.

Scientists today work off of the collective body of knowledge of science before them. You know, Holly Herndon is influenced by folk music and choral music and German techno, and everybody is always absorbing what has come before them and mixing it into something new. That’s all we’re doing. We’re not doing something new. We’re not making a copyright infringement.

So how do you understand the effort to use the collectivity, right? The fact that human beings have always been in collective projects, but we do give people a lot of individual ownership and authorship over their works from what might be different here in the scale and the nature of what these models are doing.

So, OK, I think that there’s a middle ground that can work for everyone, that can allow people to experiment and have fun with this technology while also compensating people. So spawning is a neologism that I like to use to kind of describe what’s happening here. And it’s a 21st century corollary to sampling, but it’s really distinctly different. And that difference, I think, is really important. It’s different in what it can do and also how it came about.

So what it can do, we’ve kind of gone into that already. You know, you train a model, the kind of logic of one thing to be able to perform new things through that logic. So it’s distinctly different from sampling, which is really like a one-to-one reproduction of a sound created by someone else that can then be processed and treated to make something new. But with spawning, you can actually perform as someone else based on information trained about them. So that’s distinctly different.

But also the way that it comes about, with sampling, it’s this one-to-one reproduction. With spawning, it’s a little bit more of a gray area in terms of intellectual property because you’re not actually making a copy. The machine is ingesting that media, if you want to call it looking at, reading, listening to, learning from. So I kind of land in that — I like to call it the “sexy middle ground” between people who are all for open use for everything and people who want to have really strict I.P. lockdown.

And so that’s one of the reasons why spawning, then, kind of mutated even further into an organization, which is something that I co-founded with three other people, Mat Dryhurst, Patrick Hoepner and Jordan Meyer, to try to figure out this messy question of essentially data manners. How do we handle data manners around A.I. training? Because what’s happening right now isn’t working for everyone.

Are there experiments that you find exciting or that you’ve conducted that you found the results of them promising?

Yeah. I mean, I think Holly+ was a really fun experiment because people then actually used my voice and we were able to, you know, sell some works through that and generate a small profit, but enough to be able to continue to build the tools for the community. So that was a fun experiment that I think really worked. And there’s one experiment that I’m running right now that I’m really excited about. My partner, Mat Dryhurst and I had an exhibition at the Serpentine London in October, and as part of that, we are recording choirs across the U.K. I think there’s 16 in total, and they’re joining a data trust. And we’ve hired a data trustee to pilot this idea of governance where we’re trying to work out some of the messy issues around how a data trust might work. And then we’ll negotiate with that data trust directly as to how we can use their data in the exhibition and moving forward.

I think it’s a really fun experiment, and it’s also because it’s singing and it’s choral music, it’s not really sensitive health data. We can really experiment and try out different ways to make this work in a way that’s not dealing with such sensitive information. So I’m really excited to see how people engage with that and how much do people really want to deal with the kind of day-to-day governance of their data. That’s also a big question.

So you were saying earlier that often the models are the art, but in this case, the governance is the art.

You know, in this case, I think the model and the governance and the protocol around it are all the art.

This idea of control is interesting, though. I mean, so it came out a while ago that Facebook and Meta had been training its A.I. on a huge cache of pirated books. And I think my book was in there. My wife’s book was in there. Like, the books of virtually everybody I know were in there. And so, a bunch of authors sued. And I also felt some part of me, like, I wanted to be paid for my inclusion. But I didn’t want to not be included in all of these. And it reminds me a bit of social media where at a certain point, whether or not you wanted to be on social media or not, it was sort of important that you had something representing you there, right?

It could be not your real photo, right? You could have some control over it, but if you didn’t do it, then you had absolutely no control over what you appeared as online. And it probably wasn’t plausible. You could appear as nothing online. So maybe something you didn’t want would be your top Google search result.

And here it’s going to get even weirder because there isn’t really — you can’t have your home page in the artificial intelligence model. All you are is training data. And so there’s something very strange about this. You know, if before all you were was kind of a profile, which was a very flattened version of you, now your training data — which is a very warped version of you. And this question of how do you have any control over that data, like if you want to participate but you want some definition over how you participate, there’s no real obvious avenue towards that.

There’s none at the moment, but I think that that’s coming. I think people will opt in under terms that they feel comfortable with to be able to shape the way that they appear in this new space. I don’t think it’s tenable that people have no agency over how they appear in the future of the internet.

That feels idealistic to me. I mean, I feel like we’ve been we’ve been going through an internet for a long time where I would have said this level of data theft or use is not tenable. This level of surveillance is untenable. This level of flattening, the way we get each other to treat each other in social media, it doesn’t feel like this is going to hold.

Like, I am amazed that people are still on X. As hostile as that platform has become to many of them, it’s just so impossible to imagine leaving something happening that they will accept something they really feel angry about. They really feel like the way it is run is hostile to them, that it is degraded. But, you know, what are you going to do? I’m amazed at how powerful the “what are you going to do” impulse is in life.

Well, I mean, I totally get that. But what we decided to do was to try to build a universal opt out standard. And it’s actually gaining traction. And there’s precedent in the E.U. A.I. Act. Ideally, it would be something that would be from the beginning, all training data would have been at. You know, people would have been asked permission from the offset, but that’s not how things played out. So now we’re in a position where we’re building tools where people can really easily opt out the data that they don’t want to have included in these models.

We have an A.P.I. where you can install that on your website and easily have everything on your website not be included in crawling. So I do think that there are things that we can do. It requires a little bit of legislation. It requires a little bit of diplomacy. But I don’t think that we should just throw up our hands and say, OK, it’s over. They should just have everything.

You know, if we do have a situation where we’re able to get the opt out as a kind of standard, then I think you can start to build an economy around an opt in. Something that I’m really proud of, we just announced Source.Plus. So I’m not trying to shill here, but I think this is a really important part of this conversation where we put together a data set of all public domain data, and it’s huge. And people should be training their base models there. And then you can allow people to opt in to fine tune their models and create an economy around that.

If you have a public domain base layer model, then you can actually create an economy around that. But I don’t think we should give up.

I definitely agree. I don’t think we should give up. For a lot of people, they need to make a living out of the work they’re doing.

One thing that I find inspiring about the idea of thinking of it as a collective intelligence is it maybe points the way towards the idea that there’s modes of collective ownership, or modes of collective compensation. And at least in the space of art, when you’re thinking about this idea that you might have your voice out there for anybody to use, I think for a lot of people, that’s scary, right?

I mean, we’re very used to business models that are about nobody can use this thing of mine unless they pay me, right? We have patents, we have copyrights. What does that spark for you? What if we — what are the ways to do this in a more collective open source way that you think might work to make it possible for people to live, but also to create? Well,

I think first and foremost, it should not be a one-size-fits-all solution. I mean, you know, we’re talking about art. And that encompasses so many different practices that function economically in so many different ways. That’s something that was really devastating, I think, when it came to streaming. Streaming was really revolutionary and wonderful for a lot of people, but it was really devastating for a lot of other people because everything had to have the same economic logic as pop music.

And a lot of experimental music doesn’t follow that per play valuation logic. A lot of experimental music is about the idea, and you just need access to that idea once. You don’t need to listen to it on repeat. And so if the access to that idea costs a fraction of a cent, that’s going to be really difficult to pay for. It’s almost more you almost need more like a movie model where you pay a little bit more to gain access to that idea.

I think what’s really needed is that people have the ability to create whatever subcultures and whatever kind of economic models work for their subcultures and aren’t squeezed into a kind of sausage factory where everything has to follow the same logic.

So I know you and your partner are working on this book for this forthcoming exhibition that has, I think, the most triggering possible title to two people in my industry, “All Media is Training Data.” What’s the argument there?

Yeah, so this is a book that’s a series of commissioned essays and interviews between me and Mat about our approach to A.I. and data over the past 10 years. I do realize that this is kind of triggering for a lot of people, but I think it’s something that’s worth kind of recognizing. You know, as soon as something becomes captured in media, as soon as something becomes machine legible, it has the potential to be part of a training canon.

And I think that we need to think about what we’re creating moving forward with that new reality. You know, a lot of the work that we’re doing around the exhibition is we’re creating training data deliberately. So we’re treating training data as artworks themselves. I’m writing a song book that a collective of choirs across the UK will all be singing from, and those songs were written specifically to train an A.I. So all of the songs cover all of the phonemes of the English language so you can really — the A.I. can get the full scope of the sound, of each vocalist.

So we’re kind of playing with this idea of making deliberate training data, kind of — we like to call them mind children that we’re sending to the future.

I want to talk about what’s triggering in it for a minute. Because I think when people hear that, they might think media in the sense of the news. And I’m actually least worried about the news, because the news is where we’re covering new things that happened that are not in the training data.

But media, if you think about it broadly, right, visual media and music and all the other things human beings create, I think when people hear all media’s training data, what they hear is — everything we do will be replaceable, right? That the A.I. is going to learn how to do it and it’s going to be able to spit it back at us and then it doesn’t need us anymore.

When we become the training data, we’re sort of training our replacement, right? Like, the sort of very grim stories that will come out of factories before they outsource somewhere, where people are training. You know, the people are going to replace them at a lower cost. Is that how you see it? If you’re training data, does that mean you’re replaceable?

Art is a very complex cultural web. It’s a conversation. It’s something that’s performed. It’s a dialogue. It’s situated in time and place. We wouldn’t confuse a poster of the Mona Lisa for the Mona Lisa. Those are two different things. So I’m not worried about artists being replaced or about, you know, infinite media, meaning that artists have no role in meaning-making anymore. I think that the meaning-making becomes all the more important.

I do think we have to contend with a future where we do have infinite media, where the single image is perhaps no longer carrying the same weight as it did before. So yeah, there are some things to contend with, but I think that we won’t be replaced and I think it’ll be weird and wonderful.

There are a bunch of programs that are coming out now that use A.I. to generate this sort of endless amount of pretty banal music for a purpose. So I have this one I downloaded called “Endel,” and it’s like, do you want music for focus? Do you want it to sleep? Do you want it to — And it’s fine. If I heard it on one of those playlists on Spotify, I wouldn’t think much of it.

EVENING ENERGY RISE”]

And I think it points towards this world where I think the view is, we’re going to know what we want. And what we’re going to want is a generic version of it. And we’re going to be able to get it in kind of vast quantities forever. But you’re an artist and you said something in an interview I saw you give about how reality always ends up weirder. It always mutates against what people are expecting of it.

And so I wonder how much you suspect or see the possibility of the sameness that A.I. makes possible, the kind of endless amount of generic content, leading to some kind of backlash where people actually get weirder in response, both weirder with these projects, but also more interested in things created by humans in the same way that a lot of artisanal food movements got launched by the rise of fast food.

I mean, how much do you think about backlash and the desire for differentiation as something that will shape cultures and software here?

Well, there’s a lot in there. I mean, the backlash has been huge. I think that A.I. has certainly joined the ranks of culture wars and especially on Twitter. So I think the backlash is already there. But I think we’re also in really early days. So some of the examples that you gave, I feel like they’re kind of trying to please everyone. And as we move into a situation where your specific taste profile is being catered to more, I think it will feel less mid and feel more bespoke.

One direction where some of this can go, I think a lot of people are really focused on prompting at the moment because that’s how we’re interfacing with a lot of models. But in the future, it might look more like, you know, maybe you have a kind of taste profile where the model understands your tastes and your preferences and the things that you are drawn to and just kind of automatically generates whatever media that would kind of like please you.

So the kind of production to consumption pipeline is kind of collapsed in that moment. One of the things that I always appreciated as a young person growing up was hearing things that I didn’t like and didn’t understand, and that was something I always found really difficult with algorithmic recommendation systems, is I just kept getting fed what it already knew that I liked.

But, you know, when I was just being exposed to new music as a young person, I really needed to hear things that I didn’t like to expand my palate and understanding of what’s possible in music. And so that’s one thing that I think you could just kind of have a stagnation of taste if people are constantly being catered to. So I think people will crave something different or will crave to be challenged. Some people won’t, but some people will.

One of the things that occurred to me while I was looking through a lot of your work was that what I enjoyed about it was that you were using the relationship with the generative system to make yourself and make the work stranger. And that felt refreshing to me because my experience using ChatGPT or Claude or anything, really, so often is that it makes me more generic.

And that there’s this way in which A.I. feels like it is this great flattening. It’ll give you a kind of lowest common denominator of almost anything that human beings have done before, and that the danger of that feels to me like it’s a push toward sameness whereas a lot of your art feels to me like a push towards weirdness and a kind of sense that you can interact with different versions of these systems in a less sanded-down way and find something that neither a human or a machine could create alone. Is that a reasonable read of what you’re doing? Is there something there?

Yeah, I think that’s largely because I use my own training data. I create training data specifically for this purpose of training models rather than using something that’s just laid out for me. I think you get a lot of mid or averaging from these really large public models, because that’s basically the purpose.

You know, it’s supposed to kind be a catchall, but I’m not interested in the catchall. I’m interested in, you know, this weird kind of vocal expression or I’m interested in this other weird thing. And so that’s what I really want to create training data around and really focus on for whatever my model is. So I think people should just get into training their own models.

I want to end by going back to a song from “PROTO.” And it’s one of the stranger songs on the album. And I thought maybe we could just talk about what it’s doing and people could hear it. So why we play a clip of “Godmother“?

[RHYTHMIC SQUEAKING]

What’s happening there?

OK, so, yeah, when I delivered that single to 480, I was like, here’s a single for the next album. They were like, um, OK, what do we do with this? So this is, I guess, a really early voice model trained on my voice. So if you compare that to the Jolene song, that’s basically how far we’ve come in the last five years, which I think is just remarkable. It’s — the speed is incredible.

So I trained Spawn on my voice, my singing voice, and then I fed Spawn stems from a collaborator of mine named Jlin. And so Spawn is attempting to sing Jlin’s stems through my voice. And Jlin’s music is very percussive. It’s mostly percussion sounds, so it ends up being this kind of almost like a weird beatboxing kind of thing because it’s trying to make sense of these sounds through my voice.

Well, here, why don’t we play a clip of the Jlin? This is one of my favorite songs from her. It’s called “The Precision of Infinity.”

[JLIN & PHILIP GLASS, “THE PRECISION OF INFINITY”] And so, yeah, it’s not that it’s a machine, it’s just something that a human being cannot do quite on their own. I mean, there’s like a Philip Glass sample in there. It’s beautiful. But I don’t know. It’s funny when you say that that Spawn feels so old because something I like about it is it feels very — compared to a lot of what’s coming out now, its strangeness feels much more modern. It feels truer to how A.I. feels to me than the much more polished things we’re currently hearing or seeing, which it’s like this thing has exploded in all of its weirdness. And all this effort is being made to make it seem normal.

And I think the reason “PROTO” sounded very current to me when I heard it for the first time this year is it in sounding abnormal, it feels more actually of this moment, which feels very strange even as everybody keeps trying to make it seem not that strange.

Well, thank you. I appreciate that. I feel like at the time I was — this A.I. conversation has been going for so long. The hype was kind of already started back then. And I feel like so many things that were being marketed as A.I., it was kind of misleading what the A.I. was doing or how sophisticated things were. So at the time, a lot of people were creating A.I. scores and then having either humans perform them or having really slick digital instruments perform them.

And so it was giving this impression that everything was really slick and polished and finished, and that’s why we decided to focus on audio as a material, specifically because you could hear how kind of scratchy and weird and unpolished things were at that time. And that’s — I wanted to meet the technology where it was, and that required a whole mixing process with Marta Salogni, who’s an amazing mixing engineer in London, to try to get the human bodies and the slick studio to occupy the same space as the kind of crunchy lo-fi Spawn sounds.

But it was really important to me that I wasn’t trying to do the whole smoke and mirrors of like, this is some glossy future thing that it that it wasn’t, because I actually found the weirdness in there so much more beautiful.

As somebody who has now been for years playing around with models and working in these more sort of decentralized possibilities, I think it’s easy if you’re outside this and don’t have any particular A.I. software engineering expertise, as I don’t — as I think most of my listeners don’t — and you see, well, there’s models by OpenA.I., by Google, by Facebook — it feels like that no human being can do this, right? Companies getting billions of dollars.

How are you able to participate in this world of models? How much expertise do you need? How do you figure out what are the interesting projects, right? If somebody wants to understand this kind of world of homebrew A.I., so to speak, how did you start, and where do they start?

That’s a really good question. I mean, I think the landscape has changed so much since I started. I would say, you know, first thing, you can interact with publicly available models. And once you kind understand how those are working, then I would just do the really boring work of reading the academic research papers that are tedious. Take your time, drink a coffee, watch the YouTube video where they presented at a conference and maybe some people asked questions and that that helps to flesh it out.

This was our process. It’s been really, really kind of messy. And yeah, we didn’t have a lot of hand-holding, but I think if you’re really interested in learning more, the information is out there. You just kind of have to roll up your sleeves and get your hands dirty. I think that’s a nice place to end. So always our final question, what are three books you would recommend to the audience? OK, so Reza Negarestani wrote a book called “Intelligence and Spirit.” It’s a pretty dense philosophical book about intelligence and spirituality that I think is really great. On a lighter side, “Children of Time” by Adrian Tchaikovsky is a really enjoyable A.I. science fiction about intelligent, genetically-modified spiders.

One of my favorite books.

Yeah, it’s so good. So you kind see the kind of society and technology that a super intelligent spider society would build, which I love. And then there’s a book called “Plurality” that was led by Glen Weyl and Audrey Tang and a wide community of contributors. I also contributed a small part to this book. It’s about the future of collaborative technology and democracy, and it was actually written in an open, collaborative, Democratic way, which I think is really interesting. So check it out.

Holly Herndon, thank you very much.

Thanks so much. This was really fun.

This episode of The Ezra Klein Show is produced by Annie Galvin, fact-checking by Michelle Harris.” Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld with additional mixing by Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Rollin Hu, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. We’ve original music by Isaac Jones and Aman Sahota. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser, and special thanks to Sonia Herrero and Jack Hamilton.

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Produced by ‘The Ezra Klein Show’

A.I.-generated art has flooded the internet, and a lot of it is derivative, even boring or offensive. But what could it look like for artists to collaborate with A.I. systems in making art that is actually generative, challenging, transcendent?

Holly Herndon offered one answer with her 2019 album “ PROTO .” Along with Mathew Dryhurst and the programmer Jules LaPlace, she built an A.I. called “Spawn” trained on human voices that adds an uncanny yet oddly personal layer to the music. Beyond her music and visual art , Herndon is trying to solve a problem that many creative people are encountering as A.I. becomes more prominent: How do you encourage experimentation without stealing others’ work to train A.I. models? Along with Dryhurst, Jordan Meyer and Patrick Hoepner, she co-founded Spawning , a company figuring out how to allow artists — and all of us creating content on the internet — to “consent” to our work being used as training data.

[You can listen to this episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” on the NYT Audio App , Apple , Spotify , Amazon Music , YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts .]

In this conversation, we discuss how Herndon collaborated with a human chorus and her “A.I. baby,” Spawn, on “PROTO”; how A.I. voice imitators grew out of electronic music and other musical genres; why Herndon prefers the term “collective intelligence” to “artificial intelligence”; why an “opt-in” model could help us retain more control of our work as A.I. trawls the internet for data; and much more.

You can listen to our whole conversation by following “The Ezra Klein Show” on the NYT Audio App , Apple , Spotify , Google or wherever you get your podcasts . View a list of book recommendations from our guests here .

(A full transcript of this episode is available here .)

This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Annie Galvin. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Rollin Hu, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. And special thanks to Sonia Herrero and Jack Hamilton.

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

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The Gang Name Generator by Writecream is a user-friendly tool that simplifies the process of creating unique gang names. Its powerful features and easy-to-follow steps make it an essential resource for anyone looking to add an edge to their creative projects. Try it today and unleash a world of intriguing names with just one click!

Create content in minutes, not weeks.

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