occupational health and safety in the workplace assignment

Healthy, safe and productive lives and enterprises

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Who is this section aimed at?

This section is aimed at larger enterprises with a well-defined management structure, where occupational safety and health management can be integrated into the general management system of the company. In particular, it is aimed at those who control the activities of the business e.g. the executive directors, boards of directors, other boards of management and senior management controlling bodies in workplaces, all senior managers who discharge responsibilities for occupational safety and health, and safety and health professionals. Smaller companies with a less formal management structure can use the information in these pages as appropriate to their needs. Safety Representatives should also find it helpful.

Why it is important to have a health and safety management system?

There are sound economic reasons for reducing work-related accidents and ill-health, as well as ethical and regulatory reasons.

• Economic Reasons

Besides reducing costs, effective safety and health management promotes business efficiency. Thousands of work-related accidents, resulting in more than three days off work are reported to the Health and Safety Authority each year. Work-related diseases and ill-health are more difficult to measure due to their long latency period but result in excess of one million days lost at work each year. These accident and ill-health cases are due to failures and deficiencies in the occupational safety and health management in organisations.

• Legal Reasons

The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 (the 2005 Act) requires all duty holders to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the safety, health and welfare of workers and members of the public and to manage and conduct all work activities in such a way as to ensure their safety, health and welfare. This requires all who have this legal responsibility to be proactive in managing their safety, health and welfare responsibilities and deal with them in a systematic way. This section should help organisations to improve their safety and health performance by providing advice on how safety and health should be managed, and in the process help them to comply with their legal requirements.

• Moral and Ethical Reasons

The proactive management of safety and health in the workplace helps organisations prevent injuries and ill-health at work. This guidance should help organisations reduce the personal loss caused as a result of accidents and ill-health at work.

Workplace Health and Safety Management Guidance

The Workplace Health and Safety Management Guidance aims to give practical advice and recommendations on developing an occupational safety, health and welfare management system for larger workplaces, with an already well defined management structure, which maybe at one or more locations. The words 'safety and health' are used throughout the document for conciseness and are intended to cover the safety, health and welfare of employees and others at work due to work activities.

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Related link(s), behaviour based safety guide.

This guide is informed by the field of Behaviour-Based Safety, which is often described as a bottom-up approach, with top-down support from safety leaders.

Employees with Disabilities

This guide has been produced by the Health and Safety Authority (HSA) using guidance and expertise from the National Disability Authority (NDA). It aims to assist employers to provide a healthy and safe workplace for employees with disabilities.

Related File(s)

Guide to SHWWA 2005

Format: PDF | File Size: 869KB

Short Guide to SHWWA 2005

Format: PDF | File Size: 346KB

Best Practices in Safety Guide

Format: PDF | File Size: 1.26MB

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Job Safety Analysis

On this page, what is a job safety analysis, what are the benefits of doing a job safety analysis, who should conduct a job safety analysis , what are the basic steps, what is important to know when "selecting the job", how do i break the job into "basic steps", how do i "identify potential hazards", how do i "determine preventive measures", how should i communicate the information to everyone, appendix a: sample form for job safety analysis worksheet, appendix b: sample forms for tasks and job inventory.

A job safety analysis (JSA) is a process which helps assess a job to identify hazards and necessary control measures. In a job safety analysis, each basic step of the job is broken down into steps to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to do the job. Other terms used to describe this procedure are job hazard analysis (JHA) and job hazard breakdown.

Some individuals prefer to expand the analysis into all aspects of the job, not just safety. This approach is known as total job analysis. Methodology is based on the idea that safety is an integral part of every job, not a separate entity. In this document, only health and safety aspects will be considered.

The terms "job" and "task" are commonly used interchangeably to mean a specific work assignment, such as "operating a grinder," "using a pressurized water extinguisher," or "changing a flat tire." Generally, a job or task can be further divided into many smaller steps. Job safety analyses are not suitable for jobs defined too broadly, for example, "overhauling an engine," or too narrowly, for example, "positioning car jack."

The initial benefits of developing a job safety analysis will become clear in the preparation stage. The analysis process may identify previously undetected hazards and increase the job knowledge of those participating. Safety and health awareness is raised, communication between workers and supervisors is improved, and acceptance of safe work procedures is promoted.

A job safety analysis, or a written work procedure based on it, can form the basis for regular contact between supervisors and workers. It can serve as a teaching aid for initial job training and as a briefing guide for infrequent jobs. It may be used as a health and safety inspection or observation standard. In particular, a job safety analysis will assist in completing comprehensive incident investigations.

A job safety analysis is a good opportunity to observe a worker actually perform the job. The major advantage of observing the task is that it does not rely on individual memory and that observing or performing the process prompts the recognition of hazards. For infrequently performed or new jobs, observation may not be practical.

Another approach is to have a group of experienced workers and supervisors complete the analysis through discussion. An advantage of this method is that more people are involved in a wider base of experience and promoting a more ready acceptance of the resulting work procedure. Members of the health and safety committee should also participate in this process.

A job safety analysis can be conducted by a supervisor, health and safety specialist, or health and safety committee member. Generally, a small team which includes experienced workers and supervisors can analyze a job together through observation and discussion. By collaborating with the workers who are performing the job, there will be an increased acceptance of the resulting procedure and controls. In addition, the workers have the knowledge and experience required to identify actual and potential hazards associated with each step. 

Health and safety committee members or representatives play an important role in the job safety analysis and often have a legal obligation to participate in the process. They also provide practical work experience related to the risk evaluation and the feasibility of appropriate controls. 

Health and safety specialists may also participate in the job safety analysis to eliminate any oversight in accounting for potential hazards and related preventive measures.

The basic steps in conducting a job safety analysis are:

• Select the job to be analyzed
• Break the job down into a sequence of steps
• Identify potential hazards
• Determine preventive measures to control these hazards
• Communicate the results

Ideally, all jobs should be subjected to a job safety analysis. In some cases, practical constraints are posed by the amount of time and effort required to do a job safety analysis . Another consideration is that each job safety analysis will require revision whenever equipment, raw materials, processes, or the environment changes. For these reasons, it is usually necessary to identify which jobs are to be analyzed. Even if an analysis of all jobs is planned, this step ensures that the most critical jobs are examined first.

Factors to be considered in setting a priority for the analysis of jobs include:

• Incident frequency and severity: jobs where incidents occur frequently or where they occur infrequently but result in serious injuries.
• Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: the consequences of an incident, hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful products are potentially severe.
• Newly established jobs: due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards may not be evident or anticipated.
• Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures.
• Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non-routine jobs, and a JSA provides a means of reviewing hazards.

After a job has been chosen for analysis, the next stage is to break the job into steps. A job step is defined as a segment of the operation necessary to advance the work. 

Care must be taken not to make the steps too general. Missing specific steps may make it difficult to identify potential hazards. On the other hand, if the steps are too detailed, the job safety analysis will be too long. A rule of thumb is that most jobs can be described in less than ten steps. If more steps are required, you might want to divide the job into two segments, each with its separate job safety analysis , or combine steps where appropriate. As an example, the job of changing a flat tire will be used throughout this document.

An important point to remember is to keep the steps in their correct sequence. Any step that is out of order may cause a team to miss potential hazards or introduce hazards which do not actually exist. Make notes about what is done rather than how it is done. Start each item with an action verb. Appendix A (below) illustrates a format that can be used as a worksheet to prepare a job safety analysis . Job steps are recorded in the left-hand column, as shown here:

This part of the analysis is usually prepared by knowing the basic steps of a job or watching a worker do the job. The observer is normally the immediate supervisor. However, a more thorough analysis often happens by having another person, preferably a member of the health and safety committee, participate in the observation. Key points are less likely to be missed in this way.

The job observer should have experience with the task and be capable in all parts of the job. The reason for the exercise must be clearly explained to increase cooperation and participation. It should be emphasized that the focus of job safety analysis is to examine the job and not the person who is doing the job, with the goal of making the task safer by identifying and controlling hazards. The worker's experience contributes to making the job safer.

The job should be observed during normal times and situations. For example, if a job is routinely done only at night, the job safety analysis should also be done at night. Similarly, only regular tools and equipment should be used. The only difference from normal operations is the fact that the worker is being observed.

When completed, the breakdown of steps should be reviewed and discussed by all the participants (always including the worker) to make sure all basic steps have been noted and are in the correct order.

Once the basic steps have been recorded, actual and potential hazards must be identified at each step. Based on observations of the job, knowledge of incident and injury causes, and personal experience, list the things that could be unsafe at each step.

A second observation of the job being performed may be needed. Since the basic steps have already been recorded, more attention can now be focused on each hazard. At this stage, no attempt is made to solve any problems or correct any hazards which may have been detected.

To help identify potential hazards, the job analyst may use questions such as these (this is not a complete list):

• Can any body part get caught in or between objects?
• Do tools, machines, or equipment present any hazards?
• Can the worker make harmful contact with moving objects?
• Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
• Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing, or pulling?
• Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
• Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
• Is there a danger from falling objects?
• Is lighting a problem?
• Can weather conditions affect safety?
• Is harmful radiation a possibility?
• Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or caustic products?
• Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapours in the air?

Potential hazards are listed in the middle column of the worksheet, numbered to match the corresponding job step. For example:

Again, all participants should jointly review this part of the analysis.

The next step in a job safety analysis is to determine ways to eliminate the hazards or control the risks identified. Hazards should be controlled using the hierarchy of controls. The hierarchy of controls is a step-by-step approach to eliminating or reducing workplace hazards. For more information, please see the OSH Answers on Hierarchy of Controls . 

Following the same principles as the hierarchy of controls, you would implement preventive measures in the following order of preference: 

1. Eliminate the hazard

Elimination is the most effective measure. These techniques should be used to eliminate the hazards:

• Choose a different process
• Modify an existing process
• Substitute with less hazardous product
• Improve environment (e.g., ventilation)
• Modify or change equipment or tools

In the hierarchy of controls, these would be elimination or substitution controls. 

2. Contain the hazard

If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths or similar devices. These are generally engineering controls. 

3. Revise work procedures

Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding additional steps (such as locking out energy sources). Work procedures and training fall under administrative controls. 

4. Reduce the exposure

These measures are the least effective and should only be used if no other solutions are possible. One way of minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered. An example would be modifying machinery so that less maintenance is necessary. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment may be required. To reduce the severity of an incident, emergency facilities, such as eyewash stations, may need to be provided. This preventive measure is also an administrative control. 

Reducing the exposure may include using personal protective equipment. It is important to note that personal protective equipment can limit exposure to the harmful effects of a hazard, but only if the personal protective equipment is worn and used correctly. 

In listing the preventive measures, do not use general statements such as "be careful" or "use caution." Specific statements which describe both what action is to be taken and how it is to be performed are preferable. The recommended measures are listed in the right-hand column of the worksheet, numbered to match the hazard in question. For example:

A job safety analysis is a useful technique for identifying hazards so that workers and supervisors can take measures to eliminate or control hazards. The job safety analysis breaks down the job into steps that can be understood clearly; however, the table format may not always be the best way to communicate the information.

Once the analysis is completed, the results must be communicated to all workers who are or will be performing that job. The side-by-side format used in JSA worksheets is not ideal for instructional purposes. Better results can be achieved by using a narrative-style communication format. For example, the work procedure based on the partial job safety analysis developed as an example in this document might start out like this:

1. Park vehicle

a) Drive the vehicle off the road to an area clear of traffic, even if it requires rolling on a flat tire. Turn on the emergency flashers to alert passing drivers so they will not hit you.

b) Choose a firm and level area for parking. You can jack up the vehicle to prevent rolling.

c) Apply the parking brake, leave the transmission in PARK, and place blocks in the front and back of the wheel diagonally opposite the flat. These actions will also help prevent the vehicle from rolling.

2. Remove the spare tire and tool kit

a) To avoid back strain, turn the spare tire up into an upright position in its well. Stand as close to the trunk as possible and slide the spare tire close to your body. Lift out the spare tire and roll to the flat tire.

3. Pry off the hub cap, loosen lug bolts (nuts)

a) Pry off the hub cap slowly with steady pressure to prevent it from popping off and striking you.

b) Using the proper lug wrench, apply steady pressure slowly to loosen the lug bolts (nuts) so that the wrench will not slip, get lost or hurt your knuckles.

4. And so on

• Fact sheet last revised: 2024-01-04

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All health workers require knowledge and skills to protect themselves and others from the occupational risks they encounter, so that they can work safely and effectively. This course consists of five sections in response to these needs:

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• Module 3: Psychosocial risks to health and safety
• Module 4: Basic occupational health and safety in health services.

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These materials were launched on 31/08/2020. As the scientific evidence and technical guidance regarding COVID-19 are constantly evolving, please refer to https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 for the latest updates.

Course contents

Introduction:, module 1: infectious risks to health and safety:, module 2: physical risks to health and safety:, module 3: psychosocial risks to health and safety:, module 4: basic occupational health and safety in health services:, enroll me for this course, certificate requirements.

• Gain a Record of Achievement by earning at least 80% of the maximum number of points from all graded assignments.

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Ultimate Guide to Workplace Safety Tips

Ensuring workplace safety is of paramount importance for all employers . The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates protection for every worker in the United States, a requirement that employees also expect.

Indeed, a survey found that 75% of employees say they are more likely to stay with a company that prioritizes their physical safety. Yet, one in two workers face a safety hazard on the job at least one or two times per week.

In this blog, we explore safety tips for work that any employer can implement, the role of management in delivering a safety message and ensuring worker safety, the legal aspects of workplace safety, and technological innovations in promoting safety. 

Table of Contents

Understanding Workplace Safety

Whether employees work at a desk, on a construction site, or in a healthcare environment, there are hazards associated with the workplace. 

When a business ensures a hazard-free environment, they safeguard not only themselves but also their employees and customers, while also adhering to occupational health and safety laws. 

However, workplace safety goes beyond mere legal compliance; it fosters employee well-being and organizational prosperity . According to OSHA , businesses spend a staggering $170 billion annually on costs associated with workplace safety incidents. 

These injuries and costs can be substantially reduced through workplace safety programs. Safe environments minimize lost work hours due to injuries and absenteeism, and safe employees are more productive and engaged. In fact, OSHA claims that these programs lower injury incidences between 9% and 60% and reduce injury and illness costs by up to 40%.

Essential Workplace Safety Tips

Workplace safety is not a one-time exercise. The safest work environments continually practice safety awareness and education, inspect and maintain a safe workplace, ensure the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and implement emergency procedures.

Let’s explore four essential workplace safety tips.

Preparation and Awareness

Educating employees on safety protocols is critical to building and promoting a culture of workplace safety.

Conducting regular safety meetings and drills can help employees understand potential hazards in the workplace and how to respond to a workplace accident . Rather than having employees sit through meetings or presentations, drills should be used to give employees a greater understanding of how they can fulfil their roles in any health and safety program.   

But safety in the workplace doesn’t end there. Employers should encourage and empower employees to practice situational awareness, identify potential safety hazards, and take appropriate action . For instance, if an employee spots anything unsafe in their work area, they must report it to management or a health and safety officer. 

Check out these workplace safety education and awareness tips from OSHA.

Environment Inspection and Maintenance

A primary contributor to workplace incidents and injuries is a failure to identify potential hazards . 

To remediate this failing, employers should conduct initial and regular equipment inspections to identify new or recurring hazards, their severity, and the likelihood of those hazards causing incidents or injury. Hazards could be associated with everyday situations – such as an unclean environment – or emergency or disaster situations. 

A workplace risk assessment template or questionnaire can help with this exercise.

Some hazards, such as tripping or poor housekeeping hazards (spills or clutter blocking fire exits), can be addressed as soon as they are found. Others may require investigation, recording , and reporting.

Examples of common hazards and how to mitigate them include:

• Operating heavy machinery : Measures such as machine guarding, noise and hearing protection, respiratory protection, and slip and fall prevention can help reduce risks.
• Harmful chemicals and materials: PPE equipment, such as respirators and masks should be worn.
• Working at height: Hard hats and safety gear can help reduce risk.
• Trips and falls: To prevent falls, slips, and trips, remove any clutter or unnecessary items in the workplace. Ensure employees keep their workspaces clean and sanitized.

Other risks include:

• Fire hazards
• Indoor air pollution
• Exposure to biohazards
• Heavy lifting
• Ergonomic injuries

Use of Protective Gear

Workers who are exposed to hazardous materials or environments must wear protective equipment, such as goggles, respiratory protection, or a hard hat .

If a worker uses protective gear, employers must confirm that PPE use policies are being followed and the equipment is properly maintained.

For example, if an employee wears a respirator, OSHA requires them to undergo a medical evaluation to identify any underlying medical conditions that could put them at risk. Even if worn voluntarily, workers must still be evaluated and fit tested by a physician or licensed medical examiner. 

Emergency Procedures

Emergency procedures ensure that everyone understands what actions must be taken during workplace emergencies and minimize confusion and injury. 

OSHA requires that emergency action plans , at a minimum, include:

• Procedures for reporting a fire or other emergency.
• Procedures for emergency evacuation, including the type of evacuation and exit route assignments.
• Procedures for employees who remain to operate critical plant operations before they evacuate.
• Procedures for accounting for all employees after evacuation.
• Procedures to be followed by employees performing rescue or medical duties.
• The name or job title of every employee who may be contacted by employees who need more information about the plan or an explanation of their duties under the plan.

But don’t stop there. Emergency action plans should also include:

• Awareness of medical kit locations.
• Training designated individuals to oversee or manage emergency evacuations and first aid procedures.
• Knowing when to shelter in place (if it’s safer to remain in the workplace than exit the building).
• How to promptly report emergencies.

Seeking assistance from members of the local fire department to conduct a walkthrough of the workplace can be beneficial. This allows them to familiarize themselves with the layout and identify any potential hazards that could hinder their response to an emergency.

Implementing Safety Protocols

Below are a few things employers can do to develop a comprehensive safety program. 

• Assess workplace risk

Assessing risk is a critical element of a workplace safety program. To identify and assess hazards, employers and employees must:

• Gather and assess information about hazards that are already in the workplace or could potentially appear there.
• Regularly inspect the workplace to find any new or recurring hazards.
• Investigate any injuries, illnesses, accidents, or close calls to understand what hazards are involved, what caused them, and where safety procedures might be lacking.
• Identify potential hazards that might impact remote or lone workers.
• Group together similar incidents and look for patterns in the injuries, illnesses, and hazards reported.
• Think about the dangers that might arise during emergencies or unusual situations.
• Figure out how likely and severe incidents might be for each identified hazard and use that knowledge to decide which problems need to be addressed first.

Check out our tips for conducting a workplace risk assessment .

• Set safety objectives

Once a risk assessment is complete, companies must establish SMART (Smart, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound) goals for eliminating or mitigating safety hazards. These goals can be prioritized according to the severity and risk of each hazard and should be clear and actionable. Sample objectives might include:

“All employees must take a first aid training course by March 31 st .  Employees should register online by March 15 th .”

“All employees who may come into contact with chemicals or hazardous substances must be fitted with a respirator and pass a respirator fit exam by January 31 st . Exams will be scheduled onsite between January 10 th and 20 th .”

3. Employee training

Occupational safety rules and regulations require employers to train workers who face hazards on the job. Training can cover topics such as identifying and reporting workplace hazards, how to respond in an emergency, ways to minimize ergonomic injury, and so on.

To maximize employee engagement, it’s advantageous to prioritize activity-based hands-on exercises, role-play, and peer-to-peer instruction over presentations. Implementing workplace safety training as a recurring, quarterly activity further reinforces this engagement.

Explore the resources offered by OSHA and the National Safety Council (NSC) . Both provide tools, outreach, and education to help employers comply with workplace safety obligations.

Role of Management in Ensuring Safety

Business leaders and managers are pivotal in establishing an efficient workplace safety program and nurturing a culture centered on safety . Their commitment involves setting goals, providing necessary tools and resources, communicating their dedication to health and safety, and leading by example through their actions. Additionally, they must also establish policies for reporting safety concerns and detail how management will address them. 

Here are some recommended steps for designing an efficient workplace safety program:

• Identify hazards in the workplace.
• Develop an accident prevention plan to reduce risks.
• Educate employees and encourage their active participation in safety procedures.
• Maintain appropriate records and generate reports when incidents occur.
• Regularly review and reassess the safety program to pinpoint areas for improvement.

Technological Advances in Workplace Safety

Modern tools and innovations, such as wearable technology and safety management software, play a crucial role in enhancing workplace safety . 

For example, wearable sensors can detect when a worker gets too close to dangerous machinery and alert the operator and worker of the risk. Wearables can also alert first responders when a worker falls or slips. 

Wearable sensors can even monitor employee behavior, such as poor posture, heavy lifting, and other risky activities that may result in injury. Information is captured and reported using a workforce management dashboard where supervisors can track team safety and manage and mitigate environments or behaviors that expose workers to risks.

Legal Aspects of Workplace Safety

In 1970, the United States Congress enacted the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). This legislation mandates that employers uphold stringent safety standards to safeguard their employees. Specifically, employers must:

Provide a workplace free from recognized hazards that could cause death or physical harm.

• Adhere to all OSHA standards.
• Train employees on workplace hazards and appropriate safety protocols.
• Maintain accurate safety records and furnish them to federal officials upon request.

Additionally, employers are obligated to:

• Ensure equipment is properly maintained and operational.
• Promptly communicate potential hazards or safety concerns to all employees.
• Supply and mandate the use of protective equipment.
• Maintain thorough records of all workplace accidents.

Conducting workplace risk assessments can assist organizations in adhering to OSHA’s guidelines and compliance requirements. These assessments enable employers to ensure legal compliance and avert potential legal issues, all while fostering a safe working environment.

Conclusion: Emphasizing the Importance of Workplace Safety Tips

Ensuring a safe workplace is not only a moral responsibility, but also a sound business decision . By implementing practical workplace safety tips, organizations can take proactive steps to prevent illness and injuries while increasing productivity and minimizing business losses. 

Workplace safety can be achieved via education and training, leadership commitment, clear policies, and procedures, and fostering a safety culture.

It’s never too late to implement safety tips at work.Learn how Acuity’s  occupational health and workplace safety services  can help you maintain a healthy, safe, and productive workforce, employing the best workplace safety examples .

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National Consultant on Occupational Safety and Health Policy in revision and reduction of the “List of jobs in which the use of women's labor is prohibited”

Advertised on behalf of.

Dushanbe, TAJIKISTAN

Type of Contract :

Individual Contract

Starting Date :

17-Jun-2024

Application Deadline :

08-Jun-24 (Midnight New York, USA)

Post Level :

National Consultant

Duration of Initial Contract :

June 17 – October 31, 2024

Time left :

Languages required :.

Russian  

Expected Duration of Assignment :

UNDP is committed to achieving workforce diversity in terms of gender, nationality and culture. Individuals from minority groups, indigenous groups and persons with disabilities are equally encouraged to apply. All applications will be treated with the strictest confidence. UNDP does not tolerate sexual exploitation and abuse, any kind of harassment, including sexual harassment, and discrimination. All selected candidates will, therefore, undergo rigorous reference and background checks.

UN Women, the UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women has been created to accelerate up the process of meeting the needs of women and girls across the world. UN Women supports UN Member States as they set global standards for achieving gender equality and works with governments and civil society to design laws, policies, programs, and services needed to ensure that the standards are effectively implemented and truly benefit women and girls worldwide. UN Women is at the forefront of the global drive to remove gender barriers and end discrimination, because we believe in a world of justice and human rights for everyone.

In the modern world, the fight against gender discrimination is becoming more active every day. The world community and various feminist organizations are trying with all their efforts to ensure that women have equal rights with men in all spheres of human life. However, given the gender roles and societal expectations, political situation, religious views, culture, and other factors, in different countries of the world there is still a ban for women to work on some jobs. In the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and others), women can’t work in such professions as a diver, fireperson, truck driver, welder, bricklayer and many others. There are restrictions on the admission of women and minors to underground works, as well as to work in the gas and oil sectors, construction, plumbing. Individual governments have pledged to follow the UN recommendations and address these discriminatory bans, or at least remove some of them.

Legislators in several countries believe that the removal of restrictions on work for women in "male" dominated professions will significantly increase their income because jobs, involving dangerous working conditions are well paid. Decent earnings will lead to competition in the labor market and non-discrimination based on gender. A number of legislators justify the ban in "male" dominated professions as harming women’s reproductive health. However, technological progress and automation of many jobs made those professionsless dangerous; social movements in several countries provoked a reduction in the list.

Article 35 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan establishes a ban on the use of the labor of women and minors in heavy work and underground work and prohibits working with harmful working conditions. And the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan dated April 4, 2017 “On the List of Works where the use of women’s labor and the maximum allowable load standards for them when lifting and moving weights by hand” contains a ban on women in 336 professions [1] .

“According to the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 2018: it is recommended to repeal articles 160, 161 and 216 of the Labor Code and reduce the list of prohibited professions for women to ensure that any restrictions are applied on the basis of individual abilities, not women in general.

UN Women in Tajikistan provided support in this matter in 2023 and the List was reduced by 141 professions. By Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan dated December 30, 2023, No. 568, it is recommended to continue work to reduce this List, taking into account the automation of production processes and improving working conditions, with the aim of wide access for women to relevant professions and improving profitability. UN-Women plans to hire a National Consultant (hereinafter referred to as the Consultant) to finalize the above List, with specific proposals for radically reducing activities and improving women's results in the labor market.

Goal and objectives of the consultancy:

The overall goal and objectives of the proposed assignment is (i) to revise the List and propose drastically minimization on the types of activities; (ii) work in partnership with lawyer hired by UN Women and present the results of the work done to representatives of ministries, departments, international development partners and CSOs.

[1] Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan dated April 4, 2017 https://shugl.tj/ru/news/dt/2b50e653-a8ff-4b6a-9d2e-c71cfc763e92

Duties and Responsibilities

Under the guidance of the UN Women Country Programme Manager and/or Program Coordinator, and with reference to available regulations, the Consultant should:

• Develop and provide, in partnership with a lawyer, a work plan for the implementation of the process to the UN Women team.
• Conduct an analysis and study international experience in the field of hard work and work in hazardous conditions. "Understanding Hard Work: Causes and Consequences." Reconsider the concept of “hard work” and “work with harmful conditions” in modern conditions of automation and digitalization of production in sectors of the national economy.
• Consider each profession separately to determine, based on the results of the risk assessment, showing that there are or are not certain risks to the health and / or safety of women, inviting academia, trade unions and employers' associations to do this.
• Participate and present the contributions in the public consultations organized by the USAID-funded project, implemented by ICNL, that gather stakeholders, including CSOs and relevant government agencies, trade unions, associations of employers and representatives of international organizations to elicit feedback on changes to the list of prohibited occupations.
• Collaborate with such entities as the Institute of occupational diseases under the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Service for State Supervision of Safe Work in Industry and Mining Supervision under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Tajikistan and the Association of Employers of the Republic of Tajikistan.
• Participate at the meetings of the interdepartmental government working group (near the Ministry of Labor) on the issue of finalizing and reducing the current list with representatives of employers' associations, trade unions and employers in various sectors of the economy with the participation of experts and the scientific community.
• Conduct and present the results of the work with the participation of government agencies, trade unions, associations of employers, representatives of international organizations and civil society.
• Report to UN Women and their key partners.

Competencies

Core Values:

• Respect for Diversity
• Professionalism

Core Competencies:

• Awareness and Sensitivity Regarding Gender Issues
• Accountability
• Creative Problem Solving
• Effective Communication
• Inclusive Collaboration

Please visit this link for more information on UN Women’s Core Values and Competencies:  https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/About%20Us/Employment/UN-Women-values-and-competencies-framework-en.pdf

Functional Competencies:

• Possesses the ability to work independently, under pressure and meet deadlines.
• Good knowledge of technical area.
• Good organizational skills and ability to pay close attention to details;
• Analytical and research skills
• Experience in report writing.

Technical competencies:

• Experience working under minimum supervision and tight deadlines.
• Computer literate (being able to use MS Windows, office applications, Internet search);
• Proven track record and experience in gender-related work.

Required Skills and Experience

• University (bachelors) degree on legal studies, social development, gender studies, social studies, human rights, or related field

Working Experience:

• At minimum 5 years of work experience in analysis of international legislation, policy research/analysis in the fields of legal reform, gender equality issues, political science, social sciences, or related field;
• Experience in document revision, strategy development, drafting normative legal acts, report writing should be listed in the P-11.
• Prior experience in the work environment of an international agency, local NGOs, UN agencies, including shelters in providing legal assistance to the population.
• Good knowledge of the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Knowledge of languages:

• Proficient knowledge of Tajik and Russian languages, English language is an asset.

Application Process 

The application should include:

• A cover letter (maximum length: 1 page);
• Personal History Form (P-11 form) - including past experience in similar assignments; can be downloaded by following link: https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/About%20Us/Employment/UN-Women-P11-Personal-History-Form.doc a signed [scanned] copy should be submitted.

Candidates should have the ability to quickly produce degree certificates and medical certification (of good health) should they be short-listed in consideration of the consultancy post.

• News and Events
• Government of New Brunswick updates the Occupational Health and Safety Act

News Release Government of New Brunswick updates the Occupational Health and Safety Act

June 7, 2024.

The Government of New Brunswick has introduced changes to the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Act .   The amendments, based on recommendations by WorkSafeNB, received Royal Assent today .  

While most changes are administrative in nature, two have larger implications for New Brunswick employers and workers:   

• Amendment to Section 14 of the Act requiring joint health and safety committee (JHSC) minutes to be submitted to WorkSafeNB automatically, and  
• Harmonizing the requirement for Type 2 headwear on project sites.  

Effectively immediately, JHSCs no longer need to automatically submit their meeting minutes to WorkSafeNB. However, committees must continue to take meeting minutes, retain them for a minimum of three years and have them available to WorkSafeNB on request.

This change was strongly supported by stakeholders during consultation efforts. One hundred and nineteen people responded to a request for feedback and 96% were in favour of the amendment. New Brunswick was the only Canadian jurisdiction requiring submission of minutes to the organization.  

The amendment to headwear also aligns New Brunswick with other Canadian jurisdictions. While WorkSafeNB has been communicating the expected change for several months, WorkSafeNB will focus on awareness rather than enforcement over the next six months.   We applaud the government on updates to the OHS Act , ensuring they are meeting current needs of our workplaces and collaborating with us to make New Brunswick the safest place to work.  

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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General Safety and Health References

Due to the increasing complexity of occupational health and safety problems, a variety of resources may be needed to address specific issues.

Reference Texts

• Reference Texts . Includes authoritative textbooks that remain a primary source of information. Their major disadvantage is the time required to write and print them. As a result, the information is often dated and, in some instances, not correct. This link provides a listing of major reference texts. It is not all inclusive, but demonstrates the range of texts available.
• Journals . Lists professional journals, published weekly or monthly, typically provide more current and in-depth information than textbooks. It has become possible to rapidly search a large number of journals and reports as online data services have developed. For example, the National Library of Medicine developed the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) to complement its Index Medicus, which required hand-searches using key words.

Electronic References

• Electronic References . Provides a list of some electronic references.
• Internet search engines, which have indexed many of the millions of pages on the Web, provide keyword searches which will aid in locating potential sources of information.
• US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) . Includes recall announcements and product safety alerts.

Other References

• US-EU Cooperation on Workplace Safety and Health . OSHA and the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. Documents the cooperation between the United States of America and the European Union that has successfully been developed since the 1995 New Transatlantic Agenda in the field of health and safety at work.
• Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123, \January 1981). Provides a table of contents of guidelines for many hazardous chemicals. The files provide technical chemical information, including chemical and physical properties, health effects, exposure limits, and recommendations for medical monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE), and control procedures.