mh370 crisis management case study

A Critical Public Relations Approach to Crisis Communication and Management

A Case Study of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 Disappearance

  • © 2022
  • Huabin Wang 0

School of International Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China

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  • Provides integrated approach to studying crisis communication and management
  • Summarizes the latest study of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 disappearance (2014-2018)
  • Presents an applicable theoretical framework for analyzing corporate and political communication

Part of the book series: The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series (TMAKHLFLS)

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About this book

This book proposes a critical public relations approach to analyzing crisis communication with Malaysia Airlines flight 370 (MH370) disappearance (2014-2018) as a case study. It examines the discursive process of Malaysia’s crisis response and image building, tracing Malaysia Airlines during the immediate response and the Malaysian establishment until the official suspension of the underwater search. The study features a critical discourse analysis of 84 national media texts and 85 response statements, focusing on three aspects: the national media representations of Malaysia’s image, the national carrier and the government’s rhetorical strategies of delivering stances and actions, and the dynamic process of image reconstruction and national recovery. The present project contributes to the current research area by integrating both linguistic and public relations perspectives, and more importantly, by highlighting the ideological impact instead of merely behavioral effectiveness in modern communication research. Target readers may find their interest in corporate crisis communication, critical inquiry about political public relations, and the MH370 incident in general.

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  • Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 disappearance
  • Critical public relations
  • Crisis communication and management
  • Corporate communication
  • National crisis

Table of contents (6 chapters)

Front matter, mh370 as a national pr case: controversy and challenges.

Huabin Wang

PR Research on National Crises: National Image and Crisis Response

Theoretical framework, research methodology, and data, crisis framing and image restoration: national media representations of malaysia’s image in the mh370 disappearance, communication practice and institutional power: discursive representations of crisis response in the mh370 disappearance, discussions and implications: discourse and pr practice, back matter, authors and affiliations, about the author.

Dr. Huabin Wang is currently a postdoctoral researcher from School of International Studies, Sun Yat-sen University. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from the Department of English, City University of Hong Kong. His research interests include critical discourse studies, crisis communication, and public relations in general. As a critical discourse analyst, Dr. Wang will spare no effort to promote a critical public relations approach to political and corporate communication studies during his lifelong academic career.

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : A Critical Public Relations Approach to Crisis Communication and Management

Book Subtitle : A Case Study of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 Disappearance

Authors : Huabin Wang

Series Title : The M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6258-5

Publisher : Springer Singapore

eBook Packages : Social Sciences , Social Sciences (R0)

Copyright Information : The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022

Hardcover ISBN : 978-981-19-6257-8 Published: 20 October 2022

Softcover ISBN : 978-981-19-6260-8 Published: 21 October 2023

eBook ISBN : 978-981-19-6258-5 Published: 19 October 2022

Series ISSN : 2198-9869

Series E-ISSN : 2198-9877

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XXI, 223

Number of Illustrations : 4 b/w illustrations, 2 illustrations in colour

Topics : Sociolinguistics , Media and Communication , Intercultural Communication

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  • Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Incident (2014)">(2014)
  • Communication in crisis management Case studies.">Case studies.
  • Crisis management Public relations">Public relations Public relations > Case studies.">Case studies.
  • Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Incident, 2014.
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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, flight mh370: how can malaysia deal with it.

Publication date: 17 November 2015

Teaching notes

Subject area.

Crisis management.

Study level/applicability

Graduate and MBA.

Case overview

This case analyzes the event of disappearing flight MH370 belonging to Malaysia Airlines which attracted worldwide attention from a third-party perspective. This case describes clearly the entire process of the crisis, mainly focusing on the decisions made and action taken by the Malaysian Government, and then illustrates the assessment and diagnosis of the crisis.

Expected learning outcomes

This case not only provides a sample for the teaching of strategic and crisis management but also supplies effective guidance for the measures a nation can take regarding a huge crisis.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

  • Malaysia Airlines
  • Crisis management

Guo, Y. , Deng, S. and Gong, X. (2015), "Flight MH370: How can Malaysia deal with it?", , Vol. 5 No. 7. https://doi.org/10.1108/EEMCS-10-2014-0253

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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ITL #96 Malaysia Airlines’ annus horribilis: crisis management lessons learnt 9 years, 6 months ago

( Comments )

There are five key lessons to be learnt from the two terrible crises that hit Malaysia Airlines in 2014. By Jonathan Hemus.

1. When multiple parties are involved in responding to an incident, a clear understanding of their respective crisis management roles and responsibilities is essential.

2. Be ready, willing and able to communicate quickly, especially via social media, or else rumours will grow and speculative comment will be sourced from third parties to fill the information vacuum.

author"s portrait

  • Jonathan Hemus

Jonathan Hemus is the managing director of Insignia Communications, a UK-based reputation management consultancy specialising in crisis management. He is a sought after trainer, coach and speaker on crisis and reputation management.

Forward, Post, Comment | #IpraITL

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  • ITL #97 The illusion of shared value: time for a systemic re-think →

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BOOK PROMOTION You don’t have to look bad in bad times. Malaysia’s media management went haywire when MH370 went missing on March 8, 2014 on a flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing.

Malaysia’s lack of planning, preparation and practice in a crisis especially when facing the media exposed weaknesses in conveying MH370’s key messages. The first book to chronicle a candid Malaysian perspective, ‘Flying Through Crisis: MH370 Lessons in Crisis Communications’ analyses the media relations and public communications from the key players.

Mistakes in crisis management were visible as it showed up that most Malaysian officials were seen trying to learn ‘on the job,’ as audiences around the world witnessed the media circus in the early days. According to the two authors, with their 60-years’ combined experience, the officials learned rapidly and improved dramatically as time went on but the initial mistakes were difficult to recover from.

International crisis consultant Dr David Kirkham and journalist, media coach and TV producer for local and foreign TV networks, M Krishnamoorthy disclose the lack of training and prior practice in their new book.

The two authors spent a year researching the subject and have written eyewitness accounts reinforced with case studies of international and Malaysian journalists reporting on radio, television, newspapers and juxtaposed against the role of the social media vis a vis the mainstream media.

Worst still was rumours, news speculation and misleading reports hit headlines as there was a lack of proper news dissemination at the daily press conference. In such a scenario, for CNN and many other news networks no theory is too cuckoo for prime time, Los Angeles Times reported.

Crisis management and especially communications during a crisis are fiendishly difficult, according to the authors. “There can be no substitute for planning, preparation and training reinforced by practice and yet more practice before a crisis. Crisis management is so challenging that it cannot be learned in a couple of workshops,” said Dr Kirkham.

Krishnamoorthy observed, “The key players have recognized that the communications response has not been ideal and they have been candid and mature enough to say so publicly, including the director-general of the Department of Civil Aviation and the prime minister amongst others.” Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak admitted that the government was so focused “on trying to find the aircraft that we did not prioritise our communications.”

The authors admitted that it was exceedingly difficult to narrate the cases and episodes of media flip flops in press conferences whilst attempting to retain a balanced objectivity. “We have had no access to the private meetings in the government departments nor do we know about the discussions in the Malaysia Airlines crisis team and we have not speculated about these discussions,” explained Krishnamoorthy.

Dr Kirkham noted in his insights on MH370 that the book emphasises learning from crisis, as the responses to the second unbelievable tragedy of MH17 demonstrated. “Dynamic strategies are introduced as a framework for planning by crisis teams. We believe we have provided practical and proven techniques and processes to assist those facing a crisis.”

Krishnamoorthy said, “No one is perfect. To err is human. It is in this spirit that we can improve our crisis management skills. We have based this book on evidence but all that evidence is public domain material.

Explaining the purpose of writing the book, he added, “We hope this book will be helpful to senior management, corporate communications staff in the private and public sector. It will also be invaluable for college and university students studying journalism, communications and management.”

Double disaster

Unbelievably and tragically, Malaysia Airlines suffered a double disaster with MH370 first and MH17 about four months later. Flight MH370 disappeared and Flight MH17 was lost with all passengers and crew over Ukraine.

Krishnamoorthy, a veteran journalist, covered both the disasters working for more than two months with the international media. He captured the moments of family’s grief, leaders who performed poorly in front of 300 over international journalists and how Malaysians coped with the double whammy (MH370 & MH17).

Now, Krishnamoorthy has captured the memorable moments on how Malaysian CEOs and heads of government departments fared in managing the media, rightly or wrongly.

This is a must-read book for CEOs and leaders even in the public sector to grasp the accumulated 60 year knowledge and experience of crisis communications expert and journalists.

Whilst this book addresses what remains one of the 21st Century’s greatest mysteries with the loss of MH370 on March 8, 2014, the second tragedy affords a unique opportunity to compare the communications responses to both crises.

The authors have been able to add to the original manuscript a chapter on learning from crisis. In addition, the future of Malaysia Airlines was placed in greater jeopardy by the second aircraft loss and so the chapter reviewing the crisis impacts has been updated.

The book is an extended case study in public and media communications during a crisis. The first hundred days of what may be many more are covered here. The book does not speculate over the final resting place of Malaysian Airlines flight MH370 nor does it seek to explain why the Boeing 777 disappeared. What it does do is provide sound and entirely practical advice on how to handle communications in a complex and long-running crisis.

The book emphasises learning from the crisis by concentrating both on those things which went well and those which did not. People learn more from doing things right and wrong. It is a handbook for CEOs, professional crisis communicators and university students studying communications. It does not peddle platitudes nor does it over-theorise. But it does tell you how to do it.

Please join the Malaysiakini WhatsApp Channel to get the latest news and views that matter.

mh370 crisis management case study

Scientists Propose Sea Explosions To Locate Final Resting Place Of Missing Malaysian MH370 Flight: Study

T he mystery behind the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 remains unsolved even after a decade. However, scientists have proposed a new method to locate the plane’s final resting place using ‘controlled underwater explosions.’

A new study led by researchers at Cardiff University in the UK, published in Scientific Reports , recommend that authorities conduct controlled underwater explosions along the 7th arc and monitor the resulting signals at hydroacoustic stations in the surrounding area.

The findings suggest that signals picked up by underwater microphones could be crucial for locating aircraft like MH370 when they crash into the ocean.

“Our analysis shows clear pressure signals from previous aircraft crashes were detected on hydrophones, even at distances exceeding 3,000km. In the case of MH370, official investigations concluded the aircraft must have crashed near the 7th arc — the point at which the last communication between the plane and INMERSAT occurred,” explained Dr Usama Kadri, a Reader at Cardiff University’s School of Mathematics, to The Sun.

“The main search area at the 7th arc lies less than 2,000km away from the hydroacoustic station at Cape Leeuwin, Australia, with no impediments to filter out the signal. However, within the time frame and location suggested by the official search, only a single, relatively weak signal was identified,” Kadri added.

Malaysia Airlines flight 370, a Boeing 777, disappeared from radar screens on 8 March 2014 while en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. Despite the largest search in aviation history, the plane and the whereabouts of the 239 people on board, including passengers and crew, remain unknown. The search operation was suspended in January 2017.

The report states that the research will focus on the Southern Indian Ocean, believed to be associated with the final stage of the journey. The study will search for signals generated near the 7th arc, following official search recommendations.

Additionally, data from the disappearance stage of the flight, particularly around the time of the last communication in the Gulf of Thailand, will be analysed for any unusual signals.

For this study, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken of 100 hours of data identified as having the potential to contain acoustic signatures of aircraft crashing into the sea. Ten historical aircraft accidents in open sea locations were selected for this analysis.

Stay informed with the Iranian President News Latest Updates. .

The Boeing 777 plane carrying 239 people vanished from radar shortly after taking off on March 8, 2014.(Representative Image: X)

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THE ROLES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AND DIGITAL MEDIA IN CRISIS COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT OF MALAYSIAN AIRLINES FLIGHT MH370

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Crisis communications play a critical role in crisis management and emergency response. Due to current events involving such incidents as terrorist attacks, mass shootings, chemical facility accidents, etc., the application of effective crisis communication is of dire importance in protecting an organization from reputational damage while simultaneously addressing the concerns of the public. Serving as an effective crisis communication strategy, Coombs’ Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) attempts to resolve the issues which emerge as a result of a given crisis. In this analysis of crisis communication and management, the role of SCCT as a communications strategy for Public Information Officers (PIOs) within the emergency response team will be examined. In understanding how to implement SCCT into this component of the crisis management continuum, PIOs will gain an invaluable public relations tool by which to address the media and public in crisis situations.

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COMMENTS

  1. Crisis Communication Management Strategies in MH370 Crisis with Special References to Situational Crisis Communication Theory

    A recent study by Othman and Yusoff (2020) employed the SCCT to examine the crisis management strategies used by Malaysia Airlines during the MH370 crisis. Overall, the SCCT framework helps ...

  2. (PDF) Crisis Management in Communication: A Study on MH370, MH17 and

    In 2014, the MH370, MH17 and QZ8501 flight crash tragedies become a viral issue and attract the attention of media and stakeholders, globally, and raise many crises to the airlines' companies, respectively, including the risk of losing their

  3. (PDF) Facing the information void: A case study of Malaysia Airlines

    the crisis means approaching MH370 ev ent as a journalistic case study as well. In order to gain a deeper under standing of Malaysia Airlines' e xperience handling

  4. MH370 as a National PR Case: Controversy and Challenges

    1.1 Introduction. This chapter frames the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 as a national public relations (PR) case. First, the MH370 crisis is briefly introduced, including the background information, a timeline of the crisis, and Malaysia's prior image as a nation. Second, the initial media representations of its image are ...

  5. PDF Facing the information void: A case study of Malaysia Airlines' media

    Keywords: MH370, Malaysia Airlines, media relations, information void, crisis communication, airline accidents Facing the information void: A case study of Malaysia Airlines' media relations

  6. A Critical Public Relations Approach to Crisis Communication and Management

    This book proposes a critical public relations approach to analyzing crisis communication with Malaysia Airlines flight 370 (MH370) disappearance (2014-2018) as a case study. It examines the discursive process of Malaysia's crisis response and image building, tracing Malaysia Airlines during the immediate response and the Malaysian ...

  7. Remembering 5 Years of Mh370 Tragedy: Crisis Management in

    Crisis Management - Malaysian Aviation Tragedies. GlobalIlluminators, 86-87. Mohd Nazri Latiff Azmi, Nur Ain Afizan Abd Rahman, Zulazhan Abd. Halim & Mohd Fauzi Abdul Hamid. (2016). Crisis Management in Communication: A Study onMH370, MH17 and QZ8501 Aviation Tragedies. Journal of Communication Media Watch, 285. Suparta, W. (2015, Mac 7).

  8. PDF Crisis Communication Management Strategies in MH370 Crisis ...

    Keywords: Crisis Communication, Crisis Management, Crisis Response Strategies, Situational Crisis Communication Theory, MH370 Introduction In crisis communication management, the potential damage a crisis can impose on an organization, its stakeholders and an industry is the threat. In correspondence to Coombs (2007), there are three

  9. The Crisis Management on Social Media: A Case Study of Malaysia

    The Crisis Management on Social Media: A Case Study of Malaysia Airlines Crisis Management of Missing Flight MH 370 on Facebook Name: Su Jie (Ophelia) Student Number: 26351374 Tutor: Su Cui/ Paul Caplan/ Leila Whitley Submission Date: 12 May 2014 Student Number: 26351374 Words: 1991 words (excluding bibliography) The Crisis Management on Social ...

  10. [PDF] Crisis Communication Management Strategies in MH370 Crisis with

    All businesses in the world are vulnerable to the crisis that can give a damaging impact on the organizatio n's reputation. The peculiar disappearance of flight MH370 has been one of the most highlighted and debated crises in the global perspectives, leaving Malaysia Airlines, the carrier, in a tangled situation. This study aims to bridge the gap in research and provide insights of crisis ...

  11. Crisis Communication Management Strategies in MH370 Crisis with Special

    This study aims to bridge the gap in research and provide insights of crisis management strategies employed by Malaysia Airlines in times of the crisis. The Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) is used as a framework in the analysis to explore the alignment of crisis management operated by the airlines and the recommendations of ...

  12. Crisis Management in Communication: A Study on MH370, MH17 and QZ8501

    In 2014, the MH370, MH17 and QZ8501 flight crash tragedies become a viral issue and attract the attentions of media and stakeholders, globally, and raise many crises to the airlines companies, respectively, including the risk of losing their stakeholders' trust. The study is to identify the crises management approaches used for the tragedies related, to analyse and compare the effectiveness of ...

  13. PDF Media Coverage of Malaysian Airline Flight MH370: A Preliminary Study

    Most studies on MH370 focus on the plan and strategies of crisis communication and crisis management (Junaidi, Mohd. Sahandri, & Mazura, 2014; Peiter 2014; Kalthom et al., 2014; Lee & Han, 2014). There are also few studies on the framing of the MH370 crisis by international media (Park, Bier & Palenchar, 2016; Bier, Park & Palenchar, 2017).

  14. A critical public relations approach to crisis communication and

    This book proposes a critical public relations approach to analyzing crisis communication with Malaysia Airlines flight 370 (MH370) disappearance (2014-2018) as a case study. It examines the discursive process of Malaysia's crisis response and image building, tracing Malaysia Airlines during the immediate response and the Malaysian establishment until the official suspension of the underwater ...

  15. Flight MH370: How can Malaysia deal with it?

    Case overview. This case analyzes the event of disappearing flight MH370 belonging to Malaysia Airlines which attracted worldwide attention from a third-party perspective. This case describes clearly the entire process of the crisis, mainly focusing on the decisions made and action taken by the Malaysian Government, and then illustrates the ...

  16. IPRA

    There are five key lessons to be learnt from the two terrible crises that hit Malaysia Airlines in 2014. By Jonathan Hemus. 2014 has undoubtedly been the worst year in Malaysia Airlines' history, having suffered two devastating crises. Firstly on March 8, flight MH370 from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing vanished without trace with 239 passengers and ...

  17. (Pdf) the New Media Usage for Crisis Communication: Case Study of

    THE NEW MEDIA USAGE FOR CRISIS COMMUNICATION: CASE STUDY OF MALAYSIA AIRLINES CORPORATE WEBSITE IN COMMUNICATING CRISIS ABOUT THE LOST OF FLIGHT MH370 ... During the MH370 Crisis Management. The methodology used in this research paper is in a quantitative method which is in questionnaire form that has been distributed to a sample total of 141 ...

  18. (PDF) THE CASE STUDY OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN (ERP ...

    The MH370 crisis which attracted global attention is considered one of the most perplexing disasters in aviation history by aviation experts. One of the highlights of the crisis was the alleged ...

  19. PDF Crisis Management in Communication: A Study on MH370, MH17 and QZ8501

    Problem Statement and Purpose of Study In order to analyze the crisis management, the conceptual framework of Input, Treatment/ Services, Outcomes and Impact which proposed by Abu Bakar, Hamzah and Muhammad (2014) and the Situational Crisis Communication Theory will be used and described, which was developed by Coombs and Holladay (2002).

  20. Airline Crisis Management: A Case Study Approach

    Case Study 1: Malaysian Airlines MH370. ... Comprehensive training programs for crew members are essential for effective crisis management. Case Study 3: COVID-19 Pandemic.

  21. (PDF) Facing the information void: A case study of Malaysia Airlines

    The latter, in particular, was applied in this research, treating MH370 crisis as a unit of analysis. In addition, while this case study looks at MH370 predominantly as a public relations issue, the presence of journalism actors as a specialist stakeholders group during the crisis means approaching MH370 event as a journalistic case study as well.

  22. A balanced eyewitness analysis of MH370 crisis management

    Malaysia's media management went haywire when MH370 went missing on March 8, 2014 on a flight from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. Malaysia's lack of planning, preparation and practice in a crisis ...

  23. Scientists Propose Sea Explosions To Locate Final Resting Place ...

    The mystery behind the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 remains unsolved even after a decade. However, scientists have proposed a new method to locate the plane's final resting ...

  24. (Pdf) the Roles of Public Relations and Digital Media in Crisis

    As a result, crisis management must study the history of a catastrophe before communicating; they must raise questions like "why," "how," and "what happened before" in order to examine the present scenario for crisis reduction. ... The research was referring to the case studies and articles on the Malaysia Airlines MH370 crisis, and previous ...