example of research paper in chicago style

Chicago Research Paper Formatting

Chicago manual of style (cmos - 17th edition).

• Finding Sources for Your Paper
• Additional Resources
• Sample Papers

You are going to love this! Save this template somewhere safe or e-mail it to yourself. Then resave it immediately with the name of your new document. This will keep your template safe and ready to reuse again for future assignments.

The templates provided will be sufficient for most student Chicago Style papers. For more information on formatting, please check out The Chicago Manual of Style Online Resources for Students page at  https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/help-tools/Resources-for-Students.html . 

• Purdue Owl Author Date Sample Paper Sample paper is downloadable.
• Purdue Owl Notes Bibliography Sample Paper Sample paper is downloadable.
• Turabian: Student Paper-Writing Tip Sheets Official Chicago style, in easy-to-use, printable PDF paper-writing tip sheets for students, teachers, and librarians. Guidelines are per Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.) and are fully compatible with The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.).
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• Last Updated: Sep 3, 2024 1:18 PM
• URL: https://libguides.polk.edu/chicago

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Citation Guides

• AMA Citation Examples
• APA Citation Examples
• APA Sample Paper
• Chicago General Formatting
• Chicago Citation Examples
• Chicago Sample Papers
• MLA General Formatting
• MLA Citation Examples
• MLA Sample Paper
• Theological/Philosophical Citations

Notes & Bibliography or Author/Date?

The Chicago manual of style includes two systems of citation: the Notes and Bibliography system and the Author/Date system. Both serve the same purpose of citing the sources referenced within an academic/professional text, but through different means. Though both are equally valid methods of citing your sources, the Notes and Bibliography system is the most commonly used within Chicago style. Known also as "the footnote style," the Notes and Bibliography style is the one most professors mean when they ask for a paper to be written using Chicago style.

If your professor is not specific about which Chicago citation system they prefer,  do not assume  that this means you can choose between the two. If they do not clarify, they are most likely referring to the Notes and Bibliography system, as that is far and away the most common version to use. But as with all things academia: When in doubt, Ask!

• Notes and Bibliography System
• Author/Date System

Chicago Sample Paper - Notes and Bibliography System

The Notes and Bibliography System is the most widely known and used version of citing sources in Chicago style. This is the preferred system within Chicago system for most professors at the University of Mary.

The following PDF provides a sample paper written in the Chicago style using the Notes and Bibliography System to demonstrate visually how the guidelines work in action. This PDF is used with thanks and full credit to the  Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) , which maintains a robust online guide to applying a variety of style guides, avoiding plagiarism, and writing at the academic level in general. They are strongly recommended as a resource if you need something more in depth than this guide provides.

"CMOS NB Sample Paper."  CMOS NB Sample Paper - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University , Purdue OWL / Purdue University, 7 Nov. 2019, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/cmos_nb_sample_paper.html. Accessed on 2 Feb. 2024.

Chicago Sample Paper - Author/Date System

The Author/Date system of Chicago style is a unique system of citation and formatting that is largely recognized by its in-text, parenthetical citations (visually, it is very similar to MLA style). Typically, this system is not used much at the University of Mary, so check with your professors before using it in any class.

Though you may not find that you use it much at UMary, we have included the following PDF provides a sample paper written using the Author/Date System to demonstrate visually how the guidelines work in action. This PDF is used with thanks and full credit to the  Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) , which maintains a robust online guide to applying a variety of style guides, avoiding plagiarism, and writing at the academic level in general. They are strongly recommended as a resource if you need something more in depth than this guide provides.

"CMOS Author Date Sample Paper."  CMOS Author Date Sample Paper - Purdue OWL® - Purdue University , Purdue OWL / Purdue University, 16 Feb. 2018, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/chicago_manual_17th_edition/cmos_formatting_and_style_guide/cmos_nb_sample_paper.html. Accessed on 2 Feb. 2024.

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• URL: https://libguide.umary.edu/citations

How to Format Your Research Paper

• APA 7 Paper Format
• MLA Paper Format

Writing Your Paper: Chicago

Chicago style papers.

• Hanging Indents
• Ask a Librarian

Chicago Style Resources

• How Do I Format My Class Paper in Chicago Style? If your instructor has specific requirements for the format of your research paper, check with them before preparing your final draft. The most common formatting is presented here.

Things to know before you begin:

• Font:  Times New Roman  
• Font Size:  12 point
• Margins:  1 inch
• Paragraphs: All paragraphs should be indented.
• Spacing: All of the text in the body of your paper should be double-spaced.

Typical Chicago style papers have three sections:

• Bibliography

See the tabs below for a breakdown of how each portion should be formatted.

• Sample Papers

Below you will find an example of an accurately formatted CMOS paper. 

• Sample Paper Chicago Style - PDF Click here to see a sample of an accurately formatted CMOS paper.
• Sample Paper Chicago Style - Word Click here to see a sample of an accurately formatted CMOS paper.

• Your title should be centered and place a third of the way down the page. Use Times New Roman 12-point font.
• Capitalize all the words in your title. If there is a subtitle, place it on the second line.
• Place your course name first, then your name, then the due date of the paper. This should be double-spaced and placed in the bottom third of your paper. 

• Start the body of your paper on the first line of a new page.
• Insert the page number in the top right corner of the page using the header function.
• CMS uses footnotes. Place the footnote after any punctuation. Each number must have an entry at the bottom of the page.

• Center the word "Bibliography" on the first line of a new page.
• Your citations should be alphabetical.
• Each entry is single-spaced with one blank line separating entries.
• Be sure to use a hanging indent for any citations that require more than one line.

Need help formatting your Chicago/Turabian style citations using the 17th edition of the  Chicago Manual of Style ? Click the image or link below to go to the citation guide.

• Chicago Style Citations

Need help learning what hanging indents are and how to create them using Google Docs or Microsoft Word? 

• Hanging Indents This page gives a brief description of what they are, where to find information on when and how to properly use them, and also video tutorials on how to create them.

Need help learning what footnotes are and  how to create them  using Google Docs or Microsoft Word? 

• Footnotes This page gives a brief description of what they are, where to find information on when and how to properly use them, and also video tutorials on how to create them.
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• Last Updated: Jul 19, 2024 3:41 PM
• URL: https://necc.mass.libguides.com/formatting

To cite this LibGuide use the following templates:

APA : Northern Essex Community College Library. (Date updated). Title of page . Title of LibGuide. URL

MLA : Northern Essex Community College Library. "Title of Page." Title of LibGuide, Date updated, URL.

Chicago Citation Guide (17th Edition): Sample Paper, Bibliography, & Annotated Bibliography

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• No Author, No Date etc.
• Sample Paper, Bibliography, & Annotated Bibliography
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On this Page

General paper formatting guidelines, quick rules for a chicago bibliography.

What is an Annotated Bibliography?

Writing an Evaluative Annotation

Tips on Writing & Formatting an Annotated Bibliography

Sample Paper with Bibliography

• Chicago Sample Paper

This sample paper can be used as a template to set up your assignment. It includes a title page, main body paragraph with footnotes, and a bibliography.

Sample Paper with Appendix

• Chicago Sample Paper Template - with Appendix

If you are adding an appendix to your paper there are a few rules to follow that comply with Chicago guidelines:

• The Appendix appears before the Bibliography
• If you have more than one appendix you would name the first appendix Appendix A, the second Appendix B, etc.
• The appendices should appear in the order that the information is mentioned in your essay
• Each appendix begins on a new page

Sample Annotated Bibliography

This sample annotated bibliography shows you the structure you should use to write a Chicago style annotated bibliography and gives examples of evaluative and summary annotations.

It can be used as a template to set up your assignment.

• End-of-Paper Checklist

Finished your assignment? Use this checklist to be sure you haven't missed any information needed for Chicago style.

Useful Links for Annotated Bibliographies

Overview of purpose and form of annotated bibliographies from the Purdue OWL.

Includes a sample annotation from a Chicago Manual of Style annotated bibliography. From the Purdue OWL.

An example of an MLA annotated bibliography. From the Purdue OWL.

Assemble your paper in the following order:

• Body of paper
• Appendix (if needed)
• Bibliography

Use Times New Roman, Size 12 (unless otherwise instructed).

Margins and Indents

Your margins should be 1 inch on all sides.

Indent new paragraphs by one-half inch.

Double-space the main text of your paper.

Single-space the footnotes and bibliography, but add a blank line between entries.

Start numbering your pages on the  second  page of your paper (don't include the title page).

Put your page numbers in the header of the first page of text (skip the title page), beginning with page number 1. Continue numbering your pages to the end of the bibliography.

Place the footnote number at the end of the sentence in which you have quoted or paraphrased information from another source. The footnote number should be in superscript, and be placed  after  any punctuation.

Put your footnotes in the footer section of the page.

Your research paper ends with a list of all the sources cited in the text of the paper. This is called a bibliography.

See an example in the "Sample Paper with Bibliography" box on this page.

Here are nine quick rules for this list:

• Start a new page for your bibliography (e.g. If your paper is 4 pages long, start your bibliography on page 5).
• Centre the title, Bibliography, at the top of the page and do not bold or underline it. Look for the alignment option in Word. 
• Leave two blank lines between the title and the first entry on your list.
• Single-space the list, but leave one blank line between entries.
• Start the first line of each citation at the left margin; each subsequent line should be indented (also known as a "hanging indent").
• Put your list in alphabetical order. Alphabetize the list by the first word in the citation. In most cases, the first word will be the author’s last name. Where the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the title, ignoring the words a, an, the.
• For each author, give the last name followed by a comma and the first name followed by a period.
• Italicize the titles of full works , such as: books, videos (films and television shows), artwork, images, maps, journals, newspapers, magazines.
• Do not italicize titles of parts of works , such as: articles from newspapers, magazines, or journals / essays, poems, short stories or chapter titles from a book / chapters or sections of an Internet document. Instead, use quotation marks.

What Is An Annotated Bibliography?

An  annotated bibliography  is a list of citations for various books, articles, and other sources on a topic. The annotated bibliography looks like a Works Cited page but includes an annotation after each source cited. An annotation is a short summary and/or critical evaluation of a source. Annotated bibliographies can be part of a larger research project, or can be a stand-alone report in itself.

Types of Annotations

 A  summary annotation  describes the source by answering the following questions: who wrote the document, what the document discusses, when and where was the document written, why was the document produced, and how was it provided to the public. The focus is on description. 

 An  evaluative annotation  includes a summary as listed above but also critically assesses the work for accuracy, relevance, and quality. Evaluative annotations can help you learn about your topic, develop a thesis statement, decide if a specific source will be useful for your assignment, and determine if there is enough valid information available to complete your project. The focus is on description and evaluation.

• Cite the source using Chicago style.
• Describe the main ideas, arguments, themes, theses, or methodology, and identify the intended audience.
• Explain the author’s expertise, point of view, and any bias he/she may have.
• Compare to other sources on the same topic that you have also cited to show similarities and differences.
• Explain why each source is useful for your research topic and how it relates to your topic.
• Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each source.
• Identify the observations or conclusions of the author. 

Remember: Annotations are original descriptions that you create after reading the document. When researching, you may find journal articles that provide a short summary at the beginning of the text. This article abstract is similar to a summary annotation. You may consult the abstract when creating your evaluative annotation, but never simply copy it as that would be considered plagiarism. 

Tips on Writing & Formatting an Annotated Bibliography

• Each annotation should be one paragraph, between three to six sentences long (about 150- 200 words).
• Start with the same format as a regular Bibliography list.
• All lines should be double-spaced. Do not add an extra line between the citations.
• If your list of citations is especially long, you can organize it by topic.
• Try to be objective, and give explanations if you state any opinions.
• Use the third person (e.g., he, she, the author) instead of the first person (e.g., I, my, me)
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Resources for Students

Welcome students! Do you need to learn the basics of “Chicago Style” for writing and formatting research papers? This page serves as an introduction and includes paper-formatting tip sheets, frequently asked questions, and 26 topic sheets for teachers to use in the classroom.

Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style , aimed at college and graduate students who are writing papers, theses, and dissertations that are not intended for publication. ( The Chicago Manual of Style is aimed at professional scholars and publishers.) Turabian’s book for beginning writers, the Student’s Guide to Writing College Papers , is written with high school and undergraduate students in mind. All three books are compatible, and all are official “Chicago Style.”

Paper-Formatting Tip Sheets

• Margins and Page Numbers
• Table of Contents
• List of Tables and Figures
• Introduction or Conclusion
• Sections and Subheads
• Chapter Opening Page
• Figure and Figure Caption
• Bibliography
• Parenthetical Citations
• Reference List

Chicago Style Basics

• What is Chicago style?
• Is Turabian style the same as Chicago style?
• How do I format my paper in Chicago Style?
• What’s the difference between a note citation and a bibliography citation?
• What is author-date style?
• Why do I have to cite sources?
• How do I know when to cite something?
• How many sources can I cite in one note?
• How do I cite the same source many times?
• How do I cite an image?
• How do I cite a website or blog?
• How do I write a quotation?

Crash Course in Citations

If you need to write a note or bibliography citation for books, articles, and other common sources, you can find examples to follow here.

Quick guide to Turabian-style citations Quick guide to Chicago-style citations

Crafting a Paper

If you are writing your first paper or trying to improve your skills, these one-page tip sheets are written with you in mind. Read the ones that interest you or download all 26 topics in one PDF.

• Why Research?
• Choosing a Topic: Research Questions
• Core of an Argument = Claim + Reasons + Evidence
• Plan Your Research Around the Questions of Argument
• How to Plan Your Time
• Finding a Research Question
• Academic Language of Research—Assignments
• Academic Language of Research—How to Position Your Idea
• Tell and Retell Your Elevator Story
• Finding Relevant and Reliable Sources
• Write as You Read
• How Arguments Grow from Questions
• Academic Language of Research—Acknowledging
• Academic Language of Research—Responding
• Planning Your Draft
• Working Through Writer’s Block: Getting Unstuck
• When to Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize
• Academic Language of Research—Verbs for Introducing a Quotation or Paraphrase
• Three Principles for Citing Sources
• The Dramatic Pattern of Introductions and Fairy Tales
• Writing an Introduction
• Drafting a Conclusion
• Writing Your Title
• Revising Your Draft: Shape (Organization), Introduction and Conclusion, Sentence Level
• Five Principles for Clear Sentences
• Accepting Feedback

Have a question that isn’t answered here?

Submit a Question to the Chicago Style Q&A

While we are unable to answer every question we receive, we may use it in a future Shop Talk blog post or in our monthly Chicago Style Q&A .

Top photo:   Thomas Leuthard .

Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) /Turabian Citation Style: Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition Sample Papers

• Chicago/Turabian Citation Style
• Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition Sample Papers
• Researching in History
• Copyright Information
• Basic Research Strategies
• Evaluating Sources
• Primary and Secondary Sources
• Using the Library's Catalog
• Using the Library's Ebooks
• Contact Information & Feedback

CMS Sample Papers

Cms 17th edition changes, part iii: source citations and indexes.

Note:  In previous editions of the  Manual , source citations were referred to as  documentation .

Chapter 14: Notes and Bibliography

• The use of  ibid.  is now discouraged in favor of shortened citations. ( 14.34 )

Source: https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/help-tools/what-s-new.html

• Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition Sample Paper
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• Last Updated: Sep 25, 2023 2:24 PM
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Chicago Style Guide - 17th Edition

• Chicago Style
• Title Page and Pagination
• Quotations and Signal Phrases
• Bibliography
• Chicago's Citation Parts
• Articles - Online
• Articles - Print
• Blogs and Social Media
• Government Publications
• Elders & Knowledge Keepers
• Other Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Generative AI Tools (e.g., ChatGPT, DALL·E 2)
• Author/Date (Scientific) System
• Need More Help?

Useful Links

• Chicago Manual of Style Online - Quick Guide
• Douglas College Library - Chicago Style Guide (PDF)
• Purdue OWL - Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.)
• SFU Library - Chicago/Turabian (17th ed.) Citation Guide

Avoid Plagiarism

• Camosun Academic Integrity Guide
• Camosun Plagiarism Guide
• Douglas College Learning Centre - Paraphrasing Without Plagiarizing
• Purdue OWL - Avoiding Plagiarism
• SFU Library - Plagiarism Tutorial

Chicago Style Sample Research Paper

Formatting and Sample Paper

The formatting guidelines listed on this page, provide general best practices for formatting your work using the Chicago style. Detailed information about formatting your title page , using quotes and signal phrases , and creating a bibliography , can be found by navigating to various sub-pages of this "Formatting Your Paper" page.

Learning how to correctly format your research paper into Chicago style can seem overwhelming, especially if the style is new to you. One of the best ways to help visualize what your paper needs to look like is by checking out an example of a paper that has already been formatted correctly.

View this  sample Chicago style research paper   ( notes and bibliography/humanities system ) from Purdue OWL for examples on how to format:

• A title page
• Headers and page numbers
• A bibliography

For a sample paper in the Chicago author/date style , visit the "Author/Date (Scientific) System" page in this guide.

Paragraphs and Spacing

The first line of all new paragraphs should begin with an indent . You can use either the tab key or your word processor's indentation tool to make your indentations–just be sure to be consistent and use the same process throughout your paper.

Your paper should be double spaced throughout its main body , with the following exceptions: 

• Block quotations , table titles , and figure captions should be single-spaced . 
• ​An extra line of space should be inserted both before and after a block quotation. 

Entries in the bibliography and footnotes/ endnotes are single spaced within entries , but double-spaced between entries (unless your instructor prefers double-spacing throughout).​

Footnotes and Endnotes

• Notes can be either  footnotes   (placed at the  foot   (bottom) of the same page  as the referenced text) or  endnotes   (listed on a  separate sheet at the end  of the essay, before the bibliography).
• Other than placement in your document, footnotes and endnotes are  structured in exactly the same way .
• Notes are  numbered consecutively  throughout the paper. Most word processing programs (such as MS Word) handle footnotes automatically.
• Follow your instructors’ directions when deciding whether to use footnotes or endnotes.

To insert a footnote in a Microsoft Word document:

• Place the cursor after the text you want to cite.
• Click on the " References "   tab.
• In the " Footnotes " section , click on the " In sert Footnote " button.
• A superscript number 1 will appear after the text you want to cite.
• A superscript number 1 will also appear at the bottom of page.
• At the bottom of the page next to the superscript number, enter the citation information for your resource (see the citation examples in this guide for how to create footnotes).
• Repeat these steps to insert and consecutively number your footnotes.

Some instructors may ask you to use endnotes, instead of footnotes. For information on inserting endnotes, see the  Microsoft Office Tutorial .

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College-wide Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition

• CHICAGO RESEARCH PAPER
• CITING BOOKS
• CITING ARTICLES
• CITING WEBSITES

Chicago Manual of Style Guides

The chicago manual of style's website.

Chicago Manual of Style , 17th Edition, is available at EFSC campus Libraries

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CHICAGO MANUAL OF STYLE 17TH Ed, Research Paper

The Chicago Style offers two types of citations: bibliography style and reference list style. This guide assists with the bibliography style. Please consider your instructor's assignment requirements.

Your Chicago-style research paper should have the following components:

1. Chicago-style title page

2. The body of the paper with correct margins, in-text citations, etc.

3. Endnotes or footnotes

4. Bibliography 

Paper-Formatting Tip Sheets   (Margins, Title page, Citations, Crafting a paper & more)

Please contact an Eastern Florida State College Librarian if you experience any barriers to accessing these materials or need research help. Cocoa 321-433-7662 Melbourne 321-433-5576 Palm Bay 321-433-5275 Titusville 321-433-5036

"College-wide Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition" by Marian Smith.  CC by 4.0 .

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AI Generator

When it comes to writing research papers , research documents, essays , citations , bibliographies , journals, etc. it is  a known fact that there are always outline formats and writing formats that you need to follow. The most common ones would be the APA format and MLA formats , another type but not as common as the other two is the Chicago style format.

1. Chicago Waving Flag Vector

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2. Chicago Format Example

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6. Integrating and Documenting Sources Chicago Style

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24. Writing in Chicago Style Template

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25. Introduction to Chicago Turabian Style

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26. Chicago Style Notes & Bibliography

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27. Chicago Style Paper Formats

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28. Chicago Manual of Style Step-By-Step

What Is a Chicago Format?

Chicago format is a style or a type of outline format that is used in natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences. Just like its more common and famous style formats the APA format and the MLA format, the Chicago format has its own main variations. Notes and bibliography and author-date systems.

How to Write Using Chicago Style Form

Just like using an APA format or an MLA format or even any type of format for your research papers, journals, and essays, when you use a Chicago style format, you must also be certain to follow the exact rules and format.

Step 1: The Page Setup

To start with the Chicago style format, the margin of the sides of the page should be one inch each. Use the Times New Roman font and the font size of 12. Nothing more nothing less. The font size is the standard font size for Chicago style. Double space the texts, and this includes notes and bibliographies.

Step 2: The Title Page and Heading

When you start the title page and the heading, you must use boldface or Italics. Title pages  are important in your research papers, but you must also add the name and the date of when you submit it. For headings, you use boldface and italics as well. Capitalize the first word of any proper nouns only. For the research outline , use Arabic numerals for your chapters.

Step 3: The In-Text Citations

For in-text citations, use footnotes for your citations . The format for the in-text citations start with the author’s name, followed by the title of work, the publication information which includes the publisher, the year and the page number or numbers.

Step 4: The Complete List of Bibliographies

The last part is a complete list of bibliographies. Include your list at the very end of the paper. This includes the listing of al your cited sources. You must start with the author’s last name and should be in alphabetical order. Include the author’s full name, followed by the title of work, information on publication, and the date of the publication.

What is a Chicago style format?

A Chicago style format is a type of style or format used for research papers. Research reports or research papers that fall under natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences.

What are the other types of style formats?

APA style format, MLA style format, Chicago format are the three most common types of formats. Of course for MLA and APA, there are also other style formats that fall under that category.

What are the components of a Chicago style?

The components of a Chicago style are: title page, heading, page setup, in-text citation, and bibliographies.

In summary, a Chicago style format is just one of the many different style formats that you use for your research paper, essays, or for writing your research reports as well. Using the Chicago style format, you must also be sure that your paper will fall under humanities, social sciences or natural sciences. As it is necessary to remember and to use the correct style format.

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