essay sanskrit vivekananda

संस्कृत निबंध:स्वामी विवेकानन्दः || Essay on Swami Vivekananda In Sanskrit

Essay on Swami Vivekananda In Sanskrit: स्वामी विवेकानंद का जन्म 12 जनवरी सन्‌ 1863 को हुआ। उनका घर का नाम नरेंद्र दत्त था। उनके पिता श्री विश्वनाथ दत्त पाश्चात्य सभ्यता में विश्वास रखते थे। वे अपने पुत्र नरेंद्र को भी अंगरेजी पढ़ाकर पाश्चात्य सभ्यता के ढंग पर ही चलाना चाहते थे। नरेंद्र की बुद्धि बचपन से बड़ी तीव्र थी और परमात्मा को पाने की लालसा भी प्रबल थी। इस हेतु वे पहले ब्रह्म समाज में गए किंतु वहां उनके चित्त को संतोष नहीं हुआ।

सन्ति बहवो भारतस्य वरपुत्राः येषु अविस्मरणीयः स्वामी विवेकानन्दः। सः विश्वधर्मसम्मेलने भारतीय-संस्कृतेः उपादेयतां श्रेष्ठतां च प्रादर्शयत्। बङ्गप्रान्तस्य कोलकातानगरे त्रिषष्ट्यधिकशततमे(१८६३) वर्षे जनवरी मासस्य द्वादशे दिने एतस्य जन्म अभवत्। तस्य पिता श्री विश्वनाथदत्तमहोदय:। पूर्वं तस्य नाम नरेन्द्रनाथदत्तः इति आसीत्। एषः उत्साही, हास्यप्रियः, करुणापरः च आसीत्। नरेन्द्रः बाल्ये कपीन्, मयूरान्, कपोतान् च पालयति स्म। एषः पितुः हयान् अपि रक्षति स्म।

अध्ययनपटुरयं नरेन्द्रः शास्त्रीयसङ्गीतस्य अभ्यासं करोति स्म। प्रतिदिनं व्यायामं करोति स्म। ध्यानसिद्धः अयं भ्रूमध्ये ज्योतिरेकं पश्यति स्म। ईश्वर-जिज्ञासुः अयं सर्वान् पृच्छति स्म यत् किं भवान् ईश्वरं दृष्टवान्? इति। ईश्वरं ज्ञातुं पाश्चात्यदर्शनस्य भारतीयदर्शनस्य च गभीरम् अध्ययनं कुर्वन् अयं नरेन्द्रः विश्वविद्यालयस्य स्नातकपदवीम् अधिगतवान्। अस्मिन्नेव समये दैवयोगात् दक्षिणेश्वरस्थे कालीमन्दिरे परमहंसस्य रामकृष्णदेवस्य दर्शनं तेन प्राप्तम्। रामकृष्णमुद्दिश्य नरेन्द्रः पृष्टवान् ‘किं भवान् ईश्वरं दृष्टवान् ?’इति। ‘आम्। त्वामिव ईश्वरमपि पश्यामि’ इति श्रीरामकृष्णदेवः स्मयमानः अवदत्। एष एव महापुरुषः नरेन्द्रस्य अध्यात्म-गुरुः अभवत्।

सन्यासदीक्षानन्तरं नरेन्द्रस्य नाम विवेकानन्दः इति अभवत्। अयं च नरेन्द्रः भारतभ्रमणं योगसाधनां च कृत्वा त्रिनवत्यधिकाष्टादशत(१८९३)तमे वर्षे अमेरिकादेशस्य शिकागोनगरे विश्वधर्मसभायां भारतस्य गौरवं प्रतिष्ठापितवान् । तत्र सभास्थले विविध धर्मग्रन्थाः एकस्य उपरि एकः इति क्रमेण स्थापिताः आसन् । संयोगवशात् श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता सर्वेषां पुस्तकानाम् अधः आसीत् । एकः अमेरिकावासी उपहासपूर्वकम् अवदत् – ‘स्वामिन्।

भवतां गीता सर्वेषां धर्मग्रन्थानाम् अधः वर्तते’ इति । प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः स्वामी विवेकानन्दः हसन्नेव प्रत्यवदत् – ‘आम् । सत्यम्। आधारशिला तु अधः एव भवति। सा यदि बहिः स्वीक्रियेत तर्हि समग्रम् अधः पतिष्यति’ इति। विदेशेषु वेदान्तधर्मस्य प्रचारं कृत्वा भारतं प्रत्यागतः सः देशोद्धाराय युवकान् प्रेरितवान्। जनसेवा, स्वास्थ्यरक्षा, स्त्रीशिक्षा, आधुनिकप्रौद्योगिकी प्रभृतिषु क्षेत्रेषु असाधारणं कार्यं कर्तुं ‘रामकृष्णमिशन्’ इति संस्थां संस्थाप्य जनेषु शक्तिजागरणं कृतवान्। स्वामिविवेकानन्दस्य अयं सन्देशः अद्यापि भारतीयान् प्रेरयति – “उत्तिष्ठत, जाग्रत, प्राप्य वरान्निबोधत।”

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Is the Soul Immortal?

By Swami Vivekananda This article was originally published in the New York Morning Advertiser. It is taken from The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda.

“None has power to destroy the unchangeable.” — Bhagavad-Gitâ.

In the great Sanskrit epic, the Mahâbhârata, the story is told how the hero, Yudhishthira, when asked by Dharma to tell what was the most wonderful thing in the world, replied, that it was the persistent belief of man kind in their own deathlessness in spite of their witnessing death everywhere around them almost every moment of their lives. And, in fact, this is the most stupendous wonder in human life. In spite of all arguments to the contrary urged in different times by different schools, in spite of the inability of reason to penetrate the veil of mystery which will ever hang between the sensuous and the supersensuous worlds, man is thoroughly persuaded that he cannot die.

We may study all our lives, and in the end fail to bring the problem of life and death to the plane of rational demonstration, affirmative or negative. We may talk or write, preach or teach, for or against the permanency or impermanency of human existence as much as we like; we may become violent partisans of this side or that; we may invent names by the hundred, each more intricate than its predecessor, and lull ourselves into a momentary rest under the delusion of our having solved the problem once for all; we may cling with all our powers to any one of the curious religious superstitions or the far more objectionable scientific superstitions — but in the end, we find ourselves playing an external game in the bowling alley of reason and raising intellectual pin after pin, only to be knocked over again and again.

But behind all this mental strain and torture, not infrequently productive of more dangerous results than mere games, stands a fact unchallenged and unchallengeable — the fact, the wonder, which the Mahabharata points out as the inability of our mind to conceive our own annihilation. Even to imagine my own annihilation I shall have to stand by and look on as a witness.Now, before trying to understand what this curious phenomenon means, we want to note that upon this one fact the whole world stands. The permanence of the external world is inevitably joined to the permanence of the internal; and, however plausible any theory of the universe may seem which asserts the permanence of the one and denies that of the other, the theorist himself will find that in his own mechanism not one conscious action is possible, without the permanence of both the internal and the external worlds being one of the factors in the motive cause. Although it is perfectly true that when the human mind transcends its own limitations, it finds the duality reduced to an indivisible unity, on this side of the unconditioned, the whole objective world — that is to say, the world we know — is and can be alone known to us as existing for the subject, and therefore, before we would be able to conceive the annihilation of the subject we are bound to conceive the annihilation of the object.

So far it is plain enough. But now comes the difficulty. I cannot think of myself ordinarily as anything else but a body. My idea of my own permanence includes my idea of myself as a body. But the body is obviously impermanent, as is the whole of nature — a constantly vanishing quantity.

Where, then, is this permanence?

There is one more wonderful phenomenon connected with our lives, without which “who will be able to live, who will be able to enjoy life a moment?” — the idea of freedom.

This is the idea that guides each footstep of ours, makes our movements possible, determines our relations to each other — nay, is the very warp and woof in the fabric of human life. Intellectual knowledge tries to drive it inch by inch from its territory, post after post is snatched away from its domains, and each step is made fast and iron-bound with the rail-roadings of cause and effect. But it laughs at all our attempts, and, lo, it keeps itself above all this massive pile of law and causation with which we tried to smother it to death! How can it be otherwise? The limited always requires a higher generalization of the unlimited to explain itself. The bound can only be explained by the free, the caused by the un-caused. But again, the same difficulty is also here. What is free? The body or even the mind? It is apparent to all that they are as much bound by law as anything else in the universe.

Now the problem resolves itself into this dilemma: either the whole universe is a mass of never-ceasing change and nothing more, irrevocably bound by the law of causation, not one particle having a unity of itself, yet is curiously producing an ineradicable delusion of permanence and freedom, or there is in us and in the universe something which is permanent and free, showing that the basal constitutional belief of the human mind is not a delusion. It is the duty of science to explain facts by bringing them to a higher generalization. Any explanation, therefore that first wants to destroy a part of the fact given to be explained, in order to fit itself to the remainder, is not scientific, whatever else it may be.

So any explanation that wants to overlook the fact of this persistent and all-necessary idea of freedom commits the above-mentioned mistake of denying a portion of the fact in order to explain the rest, and is, therefore, wrong. The only other alternative possible, then, is to acknowledge, in harmony with our nature, that there is something in us which is free and permanent.

But it is not the body; neither is it the mind. The body is dying every minute. The mind is constantly changing. The body is a combination, and so is the mind, and as such can never reach to a state beyond all change. But beyond this momentary sheathing of gross matter, beyond even the finer covering of the mind is the Âtman, the true Self of man, the permanent, the ever free. It is his freedom that is percolating through layers of thought and matter, and, in spite of the colourings of name and form, is ever asserting its unshackled existence. It is his deathlessness, his bliss, his peace, his divinity that shines out and makes itself felt in spite of the thickest layers of ignorance. He is the real man, the fearless one, the deathless one, the free.

Now freedom is only possible when no external power can exert any influence, produce any change. Freedom is only possible to the being who is beyond all conditions, all laws, all bondages of cause and effect. In other words, the unchangeable alone can be free and, therefore, immortal. This Being, this Atman, this real Self of man, the free, the unchangeable is beyond all conditions, and as such, it has neither birth nor death.

“Without birth or death, eternal, ever-existing is this soul of man.”

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