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• 20 Most Important Topics For Css And Pms 2024 English Essay

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20 Most Important Topics for CSS and PMS 2024 English Essay

Written By ahtisham.akbar       Dec 24, 2023

92% of candidates appearing in the CSS examinations, fail the English Essay section. During their whole CSS journey, they keep on preparing for the Essay paper without knowing the targeted topics that can be expected in their exams. Similarly, keeping an eye on the national and international changes happening in the world. They can prepare broader themes on a few topics. Through those themes, students can easily narrow down any topic according to their needs. CSS exams require more than just textbooks and notes – it demands a keen understanding of the crucial essay topics that might shape your success. In this blog, we're unlocking the treasure chest of essential essay themes that could very well be the key to unlocking your full potential in the exam room.

20 Most Important Topics/Areas for CSS and PMS 2024 English Essay :

1. Global Climate Change

2. Technological Advancements and Society

3. Role of Women in Modern Society

4. Challenges of Urbanization

5. Education Reforms

6. Economic Inequality

7. Impact of Social Media

8. Healthcare System Challenges

9. Globalization and Cultural Identity

10. Political Stability and Development

11. Artificial Intelligence and Ethics

12. Cybersecurity Challenges

13. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

14. Water Scarcity and Sustainable Management

15. Democracy in the Digital Age

16. Crisis in Democracy

17. Rise of Populism

18. Mental Health Awareness

19. Cultural Diversity and Integration

20. Fate of Minorities

Conclusion:

These topics cover a broad spectrum of issues relevant to Pakistan and the world. It's crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of these themes, keeping in mind both national and international perspectives. Regularly updating your knowledge on these subjects and practicing essay writing will enhance your preparedness for the CSS exam.

For the best preparation of your CSS Essay subject, you can check the Course on Essay preparation:

To consult Solved Essays from the past years you can check here:

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Solved 2023 CSS English Essay Paper: Explanation and Outlines

Solved css english essay 2023 paper: explanation and outline.

CSS Paper English Essay (2023) was a crucial paper for the Civil Superior Services examination 2023 (CE-2023) in Pakistan. A strong command of the English language is essential for CSS aspirants to succeed in the examination and in their future careers as administrators. Understanding the format and requirements of the CSS Paper English Essay 2023, as well as preparing thoroughly with the help of study materials and writing practice, will increase the chances of success for CSS aspirants. The CSS Paper English Essay is an excellent opportunity for candidates to showcase their writing and comprehension skills, and to demonstrate their commitment to excellence in the competitive world of government administration.

The CSS 2023 aspirants saw a Paper of the CSS English Essay very analytic and out of the blue. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive explanation of the solved CSS English Essay Paper 2023, including outline for each of the essay questions that were asked. This information will be useful for current and future CSS aspirants who are looking to understand the structure and format of the English Essay Paper. As FPSC has changed the stereotyped questions in the Essay paper, therefore, here you will learn how you can tackle the questions asked in today’s (01/02/2023) paper.

NOTE: This page is under development, please visit again for improved outline and complete essays. And don’t rely on these if you are not agreed. You can do your own research:)

➦ Click to DOWNLOAD in PDF !!!

CSS Paper English Essay 2023

• Instruction In youth is like engaging in stone.
• The one who uses force is of reasoning.
• Not all recycling projects are cost effective.
• The fool speaks, and the wise listens.
• A friend walks in when everyone else walks out.
• Online learning is not only convenient but often more effective than traditional classroom.
• To encourage healthy eating, higher tax should be imposed on soft drink and junk food.
• People have become overly dependent on technology.
• Both parents should assume equal responsibility in raising a child.
• Boys will be boys.

1. Instruction In youth is like engaging in stone.

Learning and being taught when you’re young is important and will benefit you for the rest of your life, like building a strong foundation for a building. For example, if a young person takes the time to learn a new skill, such as playing an instrument or speaking a new language, they will have that skill for the rest of their life, just like a stone building foundation lasts a long time.

Essay outline “Instruction In youth is like engaging in stone.”

I. Introduction A. Definition of the proverb “Instruction in youth is like engaging in stone.” B. Explanation of the meaning of the proverb C. Importance of education in the development of young people D. Thesis statement

A. Explanation of the proverb

1. Stone as a symbol of durability and permanence 2. Instruction as the process of educating young people 3. The relationship between instruction and durability

B. Importance of education in youth

4. Building foundation for future success 5. Developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills 6. Fostering creativity and innovation C. The impact of early education on future outcomes 7. Improved academic performance 8. Better employment opportunities 9. Enhanced personal and social development

III. Conclusion A. Restate thesis B. Summarize main points C. Emphasize the significance of education in youth D. Final thoughts and call to action.

2. The one who uses force is of reasoning.

People who rely on violence or force instead of reasoning and understanding are not making good decisions. If a parent constantly punishes their child for misbehaviour instead of trying to understand why the child is acting out, they are not using reasoning and may not find a long-term solution to the problem.

Essay outline “The one who uses force is of reasoning.”

I. Introduction A. Definition of the proverb “The one who uses force is of reasoning.” B. Explanation of the meaning of the proverb C. Importance of reasoning and the use of force D. Thesis statement

A. Explanation of the proverb 1. Force as a means of achieving a goal 2. Reasoning as a means of finding solutions 3. The relationship between force and reasoning

B. Importance of reasoning in decision-making 4. Improving critical thinking and problem-solving skills 5. Avoiding unintended consequences of using force 6. Building consensus and improving relationships

C. The impact of using force instead of reasoning

7. Escalation of conflicts and violence 8. Damage to reputation and relationships 9. Decreased effectiveness in achieving goals

III. Conclusion

3. Not all recycling projects are cost effective.

Not all recycling efforts save money, some can even be more expensive than just throwing things away. For example, recycling paper can save money and resources, but recycling certain types of plastic may cost more than just producing new plastic.

Essay outline on “Not all recycling projects are cost effective”

I. Introduction A. Definition of cost-effectiveness in recycling projects B. Explanation of the statement “Not all recycling projects are cost effective” C. Importance of cost-effectiveness in recycling projects D. Thesis statement

A. Explanation of cost-effectiveness in recycling projects

1. Definition of cost-effectiveness 2. Factors that impact cost-effectiveness of recycling projects 3. Importance of cost-effectiveness for sustainability

B. Examples of recycling projects that are not cost-effective

4. Collection and transportation of recyclables 5. Processing and manufacturing of recycled materials 6. Market conditions for recycled materials C. Reasons why some recycling projects are not cost-effective 7. High costs of collection and transportation 8. Limited market for recycled materials 9. Inefficient processing and manufacturing techniques

4. The fool speaks, and the wise listens.

It’s better to listen and learn from others, rather than talking and acting without thinking. For instance, a wise person will listen to advice from others before making a decision, while a fool may act impulsively without considering the consequences.

Essay outline on “The fool speaks, and the wise listen.”

I. Introduction A. Background information B. Thesis statement: “The fool speaks, and the wise listens” is a common phrase that highlights the importance of listening and learning from others.

II. Explanation of the phrase A. Definition of a fool B. Definition of a wise person C. Explanation of how a fool speaks and a wise person listens

III. Importance of listening A. Understanding different perspectives B. Making informed decisions C. Avoiding mistakes D. Improving relationships

IV. Importance of speaking wisely A. Consideration of others’ feelings B. Communication of clear and concise ideas C. Building trust and respect

V. Real-life examples A. Historical figures who exemplified the phrase B. Current leaders and role models C. Personal experiences

VI. Conclusion A. Recap of the main points B. Final thoughts on the importance of listening and speaking wisely C. Call to action for applying the phrase in daily life.

5. A friend walks in when everyone else walks out.

A true friend will be there for you, even when everyone else has left. For example, if someone is going through a tough time and all their other friends have abandoned them, a true friend will be there to support them.

Essay outline on “friend walks in when everyone else walks out.”

I. Introduction A. Background information B. Thesis statement: “A friend walks in when everyone else walks out” is a common phrase that emphasizes the true meaning of friendship and the importance of being there for someone in their time of need.

II. Explanation of the phrase A. Definition of friendship B. Explanation of the meaning of the phrase C. Importance of being a true friend

III. Qualities of a true friend A. Loyalty B. Support C. Empathy D. Trust

IV. Importance of having a true friend A. Mental and emotional support B. Someone to rely on in difficult times C. Opportunity for personal growth and development D. Building a strong support system

V. Real-life examples A. Historical figures who exemplified the phrase B. Personal experiences and anecdotes C. Friendships in popular culture and media

VI. Conclusion A. Recap of the main points B. Final thoughts on the meaning and importance of true friendship C. Call to action for being a true friend and valuing those relationships.

6. Online learning is not only convenient but often more effective than traditional classroom.

Online learning is not only convenient but often more effective than traditional classroom: For example, online classes allow a student to learn at their own pace and review material as many times as they need to, while traditional classrooms may have limited time for individualized instruction.

Essay outline on “Online learning is not only convenient but often more effective than traditional classroom.”

I. Introduction A. Background information on the rise of online learning B. Thesis statement: Despite the convenience of online learning, it can also be more effective than traditional classroom learning in many ways.

II. Advantages of online learning A. Convenience and flexibility B. Customization and personalization C. Access to a wider range of resources D. Opportunities for self-paced learning

III. Effectiveness of online learning A. Improved engagement and motivation B. Better access to technology and tools C. Increased collaboration and communication D. Effective assessment and feedback

IV. Comparison to traditional classroom learning A. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods B. Discussion of the effectiveness of each method in different contexts C. The role of technology in enhancing traditional classroom learning

V. Real-life examples A. Success stories of online learning programs B. Case studies of schools and institutions implementing online learning C. Personal experiences and anecdotes

7. To encourage healthy eating, higher tax should be imposed on soft drink and junk food.

To help people make healthier choices, the government could charge more taxes on sugary drinks and junk food. For example, if the government raised taxes on sugary drinks and junk food, people may be less likely to buy these unhealthy options and instead choose healthier alternatives.

Essay outline on “To encourage healthy eating, higher tax should be imposed on soft drink and junk food”

I. Introduction A. Background information on the problem of unhealthy eating habits B. Thesis statement: To encourage healthy eating, a higher tax should be imposed on soft drinks and junk food as a means of reducing consumption and promoting healthier choices.

II. The problem of unhealthy eating habits A. The rise of obesity and related health problems B. The role of soft drinks and junk food in unhealthy diets C. The impact of unhealthy eating on society and the economy

III. The concept of taxing unhealthy food and drinks A. Explanation of the tax and how it would work B. Discussion of similar taxes in other countries C. Potential benefits and drawbacks of the tax

IV. The impact of the tax on healthy eating A. Reduction in consumption of unhealthy food and drinks B. Increase in consumption of healthier alternatives C. Potential positive impact on public health D. Role of the tax in promoting healthy eating habits

V. Arguments against the tax A. Concerns about government intervention in personal choices B. Potential negative impact on low-income communities C. Criticisms of the effectiveness of the tax

VI. Conclusion A. Recap of the main points B. Final thoughts on the importance of promoting healthy eating habits C. Call to action for considering and implementing a higher tax on unhealthy food and drinks.

8. People have become overly dependent on technology.

The over-dependence on technology has resulted in negative consequences for individuals and society, including decreased face-to-face communication skills, increased stress and anxiety, and decreased attention span and cognitive abilities, highlighting the importance of finding a balance between technology use and personal well-being.  People are too reliant on technology and need to find a balance between technology and other activities. Sadly, for instance, instead of having face-to-face conversations with friends, people rely on social media and messaging apps to communicate in the contemporary run only.

Essay outline on “People have become overly dependent on technology.”

I. Introduction A. Explanation of the rise of technology in society B. Definition of the statement “People have become overly dependent on technology” C. Importance of examining the impact of technology on society D. Thesis statement

II. Body A. Explanation of the concept of over-dependence on technology

• Definition of over-dependence on technology
• Examples of technology dependence in daily life
• Consequences of over-dependence on technology

B. Factors contributing to over-dependence on technology

• The convenience and accessibility of technology
• The pressure to stay connected and informed
• The influence of advertising and marketing

C. Negative impacts of over-dependence on technology

• Decreased face-to-face communication skills
• Decreased physical activity and increased sedentary behavior
• Increased stress and anxiety
• Decreased attention span and cognitive abilities

9. Both parents should assume equal responsibility in raising a child.

Both the mother and father have a role in raising a child and should work together to do so. both the mother and father should be involved in helping the child with homework, taking them to extracurricular activities, and setting boundaries and rules.

English Essay outline on “Both parents should assume equal responsibility in raising a child”

I. Introduction A. Explanation of the importance of parenting in a child’s development B. Definition of the statement “Both parents should assume equal responsibility in raising a child” C. Importance of equal responsibility in parenting D. Thesis statement

II. Body A. Explanation of equal responsibility in parenting

• Definition of equal responsibility
• Importance of cooperation between parents
• Benefits of equal responsibility in parenting

B. Roles and responsibilities of both parents

• Providing emotional support
• Providing financial support
• Providing physical care
• Providing educational support

C. Importance of equal responsibility in promoting child well-being

• Improving child-parent relationships
• Encouraging healthy development
• Promoting gender equality
• Decreasing the risk of family conflict

III. Conclusion A. Restate thesis B. Summarize main points C. Emphasize the benefits of equal responsibility in parenting D. Final thoughts and call to action.

10. Boys will be boys.

This saying means that it’s normal for young boys to be mischievous and adventurous, they just need time to grow up. For instance, if a young boy is energetic and playful, this phrase suggests that this behavior is normal and just a part of growing up, rather than a problem to be solved. “Boys will be boys” is a phrase that has been used for generations to excuse or dismiss the problematic behavior of young boys and men. Despite its widespread use, the idea that boys are inherently prone to misbehavior and that this behavior should be excused is deeply flawed and reinforces negative gender stereotypes. The phrase “boys will be boys” often serves as an excuse for boys to engage in aggressive, violent, or disrespectful behavior. This can include physical altercations, bullying, sexual harassment, and other forms of violence. By implying that boys cannot help but act in these ways, the phrase reinforces the notion that boys are naturally aggressive and cannot be held responsible for their actions. This reinforces harmful gender stereotypes and undermines the idea that everyone, regardless of gender, should be held accountable for their behavior.

English Essay outline on “Boys will be boys.”

I. Introduction A. Explanation of the phrase “Boys will be boys” B. History of the use of the phrase C. Importance of examining the use and meaning of the phrase D. Thesis statement

II. Body A. Explanation of the implications of the phrase “Boys will be boys”

• Excusing harmful behavior in boys and men
• Reinforcing negative gender stereotypes
• Undermining the idea of accountability for behavior

B. The impact of the phrase on society

• Perpetuating violence and aggression
• Undermining the development of healthy relationships and behaviors
• Reinforcing the notion of gender inequality

C. Alternatives to the phrase “Boys will be boys”

• Holding boys and men accountable for their actions
• Encouraging healthy behaviors and relationships
• Promoting gender equality and respect

III. Conclusion A. Restate thesis B. Summarize main points C. Emphasize the importance of rejecting the phrase “Boys will be boys” D. Final thoughts and call to action.

Please note that we by no means claim these are the correct solution of the paper. However, you can get at least 40 marks if you solve the paper as given on this page. So, please if you are not satisfied you can discuss it in the comment box below. If we like your outline, that very portion will be updated and you will also get its credit

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CSS Essay Past Papers

Download css past papers for compulsory subject essay from 2000 to 2021 updated. | for more past papers please explore the past papers section..

Writing an essay is a crucial component of the C.S.S. Competitive Examination.

Syllabi for C.S.S. Competitive Examination 2016 & Onwards in its Scheme of CSS Competitive Examination provides the following instructions relating to the Essay Paper: “Candidates will be required to write one or more Essay in English. A wide choice of topics will be given.

Candidates are expected to reflect comprehensive and research-based knowledge on a selected topic. Candidate’s articulation, expression, and technical treatment of style of Essay writing is examined.”

Last few years performance of candidates in English Essay paper under CSS Competitive Examination has not been as satisfactory as in other papers. Some of the extracts from the examiners’ reports, highlighting the weaknesses and common mistakes in essay writing, are reproduced below for the general information and guidance of the candidates.

CSS Essay Paper 2000

Css essay paper 2001, css essay paper 2002, css essay paper 2003, css essay paper 2004, css essay paper 2005, css essay paper 2006, css essay paper 2007, css essay paper 2008, css essay paper 2009, css essay paper 2010, css essay paper 2011, css essay paper 2012, css essay paper 2013, css essay paper 2014, css essay paper 2015, css essay paper 2016, css essay paper 2017, css essay paper 2018, css essay paper 2019, css essay paper 2020, css essay paper 2021, please review, search book.

How to Make an outline of a CSS Essay?

CSS Essay is one of the compulsory subjects of competitive examinations. To ace this subject, one must have a complete grip on all parts of a perfect essay. One of its essential parts is an outline. Out of ten topics when you choose one topic while sitting in the examination hall, the first step you take is brainstorming relevant to that chosen topic. Brainstorming helps you to make an outline of the essay. If you can make a captivating outline you can pass this subject without any further hard work. So, are you ready to know how to make an outline? To get familiar with this topic you must know what is an outline. Why is it important?

What is an Outline? Why is it important?

An outline of the essay is actually a framework for presenting ideas. First, you have to write central ideas, then you write supporting ideas in a coherent manner. In other words, you divide the body of the essay into significant parts. Then, subparts and somewhat required detail of those parts. Making an outline for an essay helps you to develop a coherent and logical structure of the essay. Once it is complete you can easily translate your ideas into sentences and words.

An outline represents the whole picture of your essay in the examiner’s eyes. You should follow the same in your essay also. Often students don’t follow this. They make a lengthy outline but very little relevant data in the essay. Furthermore, often they don’t make a well-organized outline. These are the mistakes you should be careful about while writing essays in CSS/PMS exams.

Also Read: How to Structure Paragraphs? Paragraph Writing tips for CSS/PMS Essay

What are the types of Outline?

There are two types of outlines.

• Topic Outline
• Sentence Outline

Topic Outline for CSS Essay

The topic outline consists of headings . These headings include universal, primary, and secondary headings. Every heading is further described in the form of arguments and points. Furthermore, headings should consist of short phrases. These phrases represent the main or central idea for the topic sentence of a paragraph. FPSC examiners also recommend this type of structure of an outline.

Sentence Outline for CSS Essay

The sentence outline summarizes each idea of a paragraph in one sentence. That one sentence includes everything which may become the topic of the paragraph.

Features of an ideal Outline

• First of all, your outline must present a detailed image and consist of all paragraphs.
• It should be very comprehensive that provide the whole overview of your discussion.

How to make an Outline of Descriptive Essay?

To make a perfect outline for a descriptive essay it should be divided into universal, primary, and secondary headings.

a. Universal Heading : There are two universal headings i.e. introduction and conclusion. They are repeated in every essay.

b. Primary Heading : This is the main portion that is asked by the examiner. You can never compromise on it. For instance , if an examiner gives you the topic “ Global Warming: Causes and Consequences “, your primary headings should be causes and consequences. However, you can miss the solutions because it is not required by examiners.

c. Secondary Heading : This is the portion of the essay which examiners don’t ask categorically. However, if you add them you can write a comprehensive essay. These details may give you benefits to completing the length of an essay. The total required number of words in an essay is 2500-3000 words. For instance , in the topic “ Global Warming: Causes and Consequences “, if you write solutions also, it can make an essay comprehensive.

Also Read: An Essay on Democracy in Pakistan

How to Make an Outline of an Argumentative Essay?

The structure of an outline of an argumentative essay is somewhat different from a descriptive essay. There are the following components of an argumentative essay.

a. Universal Heading : There again comes the heading which is repeated in every essay, the universal heading. The first one is the introduction and the second one is the conclusion.

b. Your Perspective : This is the portion that includes your stance or point of view. Here, you put all arguments summarized under one heading.

c. Stance of Opponents : This portion of the outline includes the stances or perspectives of opponents. In other words, you can say it includes counterarguments and responses to them. These are the objections that would raise arguments against your arguments. You should address those arguments also to make them persuasive. Everything should be responded to why they are invalid. It will strengthen your arguments.

Also Read: Climate Crisis of South Asia

Some Guidelines for CSS Essay

• You should use the keywords of your essay in headings. It will complete you to remain focused and relevant on your topic of the essay.
• All headings should be self-explanatory.
• Capitalize every keyword of the headings in the essay. However, conjunctions, helping verbs, prepositions, articles, and pronouns should not be capitalized.
• You must illustrate the headings in the form of phrases.
• Points should be divided into sub-points to elaborate the paragraph content. For explaining sub-points a new paragraph is not required.
• Furthermore, your outline cannot afford even a single mistake. It should be flawless.

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CSS Tutorial

Css advanced, css responsive, css examples, css references, css outline.

An outline is a line drawn outside the element's border.

An outline is a line that is drawn around elements, OUTSIDE the borders, to make the element "stand out".

CSS has the following outline properties:

• outline-style
• outline-color
• outline-width
• outline-offset

Note: Outline differs from borders ! Unlike border, the outline is drawn outside the element's border, and may overlap other content. Also, the outline is NOT a part of the element's dimensions; the element's total width and height is not affected by the width of the outline.

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CSS Outline Style

The outline-style property specifies the style of the outline, and can have one of the following values:

• dotted - Defines a dotted outline
• dashed - Defines a dashed outline
• solid - Defines a solid outline
• double - Defines a double outline
• groove - Defines a 3D grooved outline
• ridge - Defines a 3D ridged outline
• inset - Defines a 3D inset outline
• outset - Defines a 3D outset outline
• none - Defines no outline
• hidden - Defines a hidden outline

The following example shows the different outline-style values:

Demonstration of the different outline styles:

A dotted outline.

A dashed outline.

A solid outline.

A double outline.

A groove outline. The effect depends on the outline-color value.

A ridge outline. The effect depends on the outline-color value.

An inset outline. The effect depends on the outline-color value.

An outset outline. The effect depends on the outline-color value.

Note: None of the other outline properties (which you will learn more about in the next chapters) will have ANY effect unless the outline-style property is set!

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Artificial intelligence: Its Merits and Demerits

• March 11, 2022
• CSS , CSS Essays , CSS Solved Essays , PMS , PMS Essays
• 39237 Views

CSS, PMS Essays | Artificial intelligence: Its Merits and Demerits | Best for CSS, PMS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, and Essay Papers

The essay is attempted by Iqra Ali on the given pattern, which Sir Syed Kazim Ali  teaches to his students, who have consistently been qualifying their CSS, PMS essays. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns.

Introduction

• Is Artificial Intelligence (AI) a delusion or a necessity for human life?
• How has AI modernized today’s world?
• Do humans need to be afraid of the rapidly developing AI-based machines?

What is meant by Artificial Intelligence?

• Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a system to think, learn, and perform tasks.

What are the Merits of Artificial Intelligence?

• Upgrading the field of medicine
• Improving diagnostic imaging
• Promoting personalized health monitoring
• Augmenting economy
• Increasing labour productivity
• Making inestimable calculations
• Increasing national security
• Protecting critical cyber networks 
• Ameliorating defence strategies
• Reducing the impacts of climate change
• Helping the detection of deforestation using satellite imagery
• Monitoring coal plant hazardous emissions during energy production
• Increasing the yield of agriculture products
• Using agriculture robots
• Exploiting crop and soil monitoring

What are the Demerits of Artificial Intelligence?

• Invading human privacy Social media algorithms have substantial control over people’s engagements
• Leading to unemployment Replacing manual work with machines
• Overpowering human beings Making it impossible for humans to control machine damage
• Accelerating hacking and terrorism Introducing robotic swarm to attack remotely
• Changing the perspective of decision making through automated advisors Making decisions based on analytical considerations without any emotional involvement.

Artificial intelligence (AI) – the simulation of human intelligence in a machine – has long gone from delusion to necessity in today’s world. It has been the most progressive development in the last few decades, intruding into every known human field. Although AI is not a futuristic vision, it underpins present-day life in several disciplines, including health, finance, national security, environment, and agriculture. From helping healthcare professionals to spot potential anomalies to identifying criminals, AI has proved itself out and out miraculous. Likewise, its use is equally significant in augmenting the economy, detecting erratic climate changes, and increasing the yield of agriculture output. However, despite its splendid rewards in every walk of life, AI has become a controversial arena on account of the threats it poses to human beings. Apprehensively, the predominant perturbation is that a machine would not need to be smarter than humans, or it would pose a critical risk. For instance, in the case of social media, the algorithms have substantial control over what people choose to engage with, thus, invading the privacy of its users and exploiting their information. Another biggest fear is the idea that AI is going to overrule the human world. In other words, AI would eventually replace human beings because of its overpowering nature, competing with comparatively weaker human capabilities, thus, increasing unemployment and laziness. Hence, despite valid concerns, the effects of AI on the world are undeniable, and it keeps developing every day. However, precautious severe steps must need to be taken to use the positive aspects of the invention to create a better world.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a term used to describe machines performing human-like cognitive processes such as learning, understanding, reasoning and interacting. In fact, it is a scientific field that uses a computer to store data and responds to robotics and machines for specific commands based on stored data. In simple terms, AI is the ability of a system to think, learn, and perform tasks based on the instruction it is fed with. However, AI that has started engulfing every walk of human life comes with its merits and demerits.

To begin with its merits, artificial intelligence has revolutionized the field of medicine. It has been beneficial not only in diagnostic but also in therapeutic treatment. For instance, through very accurate diagnostic scans like mammography, computed tomography, echocardiography, etc., AI helps predict if a patient is susceptible to breast cancer, brain injury, or stroke. Moreover, machine learning enables individuals to monitor their health through personalized medicine devices such as smartwatches, android phones, walking bands, etc. The more personalized data the devices’ algorithms are fed with, the more accurate they can understand a user’s profile, enabling health care to spot potential anomalies on time. The electronic health record, in fact, is an electronic version of a patient’s medical history that may include all of the key demographics, progress notes, problems, and past medical history. Briefly, AI has transformed the same approach toward the medical field.

Furthermore, AI plays the role of diesel to drive the economy worldwide. Rapidly advancing computing capability with accuracy has made it attainable to assemble, calculate, and transfer large volumes of data in no time. Moreover, AI has also increased labour productivity and a virtual workforce capable of solving problems and self-learning. In a journal published by European Parliament, Accenture forecasts that AI could double economic growth rates by 2023 by increasing labour productivity and diffusion of innovation. Cutting it short, AI has imposed unprecedented impacts on various production sectors because of its ability to generate new revenue, thus, accelerating economic growth at a prodigious rate.

Additionally, the recent breakthrough of AI is gradually reaching a point where it can be used in military applications. For example, intrusion detection-an important part of cyber security to detect malicious network activity before it compromises information availability, integrity, or confidentiality- works on the principle of AI to protect critical cyber networks. Another area where AI helps to increase cyber security is penetration testing. The penetration testing network is often represented with attack graphs or trees that depict how an adversary can exploit vulnerabilities to break into a system. Other potential AI applications that strengthen defence strategies are reconnaissance using partly autonomous vehicles and sensor systems, threat evaluation in air defence systems with high temporal requirements, intelligence analysis of emerging patterns, command and control systems, and education and training.

Moreover, AI has proved beneficial for reducing the impact of climate change. For instance, it has helped detect deforestation through satellite imagery or aerial imagery, including gathering data about where buildings and infrastructure used to stand in the past. Such a move is essential for policymaking to deal efficiently with the erratic weather changes, which are caused mainly due to deforestation. Researchers from the Carbon Tracker- an independent financial think tank- are working toward the United Nation’s goal of preventing the operationalization of new coal plants by monitoring coal plant hazardous emissions with satellite imagery. The gathered data is then used to convince the energy production industry to stop installing carbon energy plants due to their dangerous environmental impacts. So, AI may prove drastically beneficial in reducing the risks involved with fast climate change.

Lastly, the agriculture industry has made tremendous progress with the use of AI. Companies are already developing and using autonomous robust to handle essential agriculture tasks such as crop harvesting on a huge scale and faster pace than human labour. In addition, many companies now leverage computer vision algorithms to process data captured by drones to monitor crop and soil health issues. The gathered data can also be used to detect soil deficiencies, plant pests, and crop irritants to extract data needed for proper treatment, thus, increasing the yield of crops worldwide.

Despite all the benefits, AI also poses severe challenges to humans in the shape of demerits. As Elon Musk aptly says, “Artificial intelligence would undermine our security and be detrimental to the survival of the human race in the not so distant future.” Firstly, AI is invading human privacy and exploiting information. For instance, in the case of social media, the algorithms have substantial control over what people choose to engage with. In other words, social media algorithms exploit the users and propagandize them in target marketing and selling. The case of the UK’s Brexit vote illustrating AI power for social manipulation is one such example in which AI has been used destructively. Briefly, AI has proved detrimental to human privacy and personal identification information.

Secondly, since machines are taking over most manual work, the excessive dependency on AI-based devices leads to massive unemployment. It is already happening on an industrial scale, where AI-based systems and chatbots take the e-commerce industry by storm. It may seem an exaggeration, yet AI will play an important role in executing tasks and processing in a better way than that of humans. Therefore, AI is steadily and inevitably taking over large workforce sectors and causing mass-scale unemployment, resulting in social unrest.

Thirdly, AI pictures possible worst-case scenarios, including a complete overtake of human affairs and the incapacitation of human abilities. Experts, researchers, and scientists often warn that human beings are creating a new god that can be merciful or evil. According to AI researchers, machines are predicted to be better than us in translating languages in 2024, driving a truck by 2027, writing a bestselling book by 2049, and doing surgery by 2053. Hence, it is likely that AI-based machines will overpower human beings shortly. Fourthly, AI-operated systems are likely to be used for nefarious acts, such as delivering viruses to soft wares, manipulating systems, and hacking sensitive projects. Since AI is way faster and more capable than humans reach, it would be almost impossible for man to control the machine-based damage in a short time. Similarly, there are many AI-enabled forms of terrorism to deal with due to the introduction of robotic swarms to attack or deliver disease remotely. Hence, to deal with AI-initiated terrorism, more AI-based technology would be needed to adjust the potential threat.

Last but not least, the increasing penetration of AI into numerous aspects of life has drastically changed the perspective of decision-making through advanced robot advisers that make decisions based on analytical considerations without any emotional involvement. Resultantly, the machines perform multiple tasks and execute critical decisions, either with or without human supervision. Thus, it is feared that AI would also outstrip humans in analytical learning and critical decision-making.

In a nutshell, AI is machine learning that has resulted in a human thrust of technological advancements. Man has reached the era of industrialization and computerization, but he has not sopped here. Instead, he is trying more and more to advance in science and technology. The idea – a product of computer science and its applications- AI has brought improvement and up-gradation in various disciplines, including medicine, economy, security, transportation, astronomy, environment, and entertainment. Further, an AI system has developed automatic driverless commuter trains, robotic pets, and motorized assistants. However, as stated, with the perks come to the perils; the biggest dilemma people face is the machines dominating human beings, leading to unemployment and terrorism. Invading people’s privacy and exploiting their personal information is another considerable problem human beings face owing to AI. Nonetheless, regardless of constructive and destructive consequences, AI has taken us where humans are between the devil and the deep sea. Therefore, it is high time researchers and AI professionals limit their goals of AI-enabled systems to control the ensuing issues before computers overtake humans.

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CSS Essay “Impacts of Media” with Outline | By Aqsa Imtiaz (CSS/PMS 2020 Qualified)

Table of Contents

“Impacts of Media”

Essay outline:, 1) introduction.

According to Montesquieu theory of separation of powers there are three pillars / organs of the state i.e. executive, legislature and judiciary. However, media has emerged as the fourth pillar of state…..…

2) Positive aspect Or Impacts of Media

a) Social impacts…….

• entertainment;
• connectivity;
• awareness of rights;

b) Political impacts…..

• canvassing;
• political shenanigans;

c) Economic impacts…..

• success of business;
• shaping minds;

d) Religious impacts…….

• access to religious cities;
• interfaith harmony;

e) Educational impacts……..

• access to learning worldwide;

f) Healthcare impacts……

• health tips;
• health chart;
• diet plans;

g) Media as a watchdog

3) Negative Aspects Or Impact of Media

a) Social……

• Wastage of time;
• Disinformation;

b) Political…….

• a tool of political victimization;
• a tool for dictator;

c) Economic…..

• advertisement of substandard good;

d) Religions…….

e) Educational…….

• Good for nothing tutors are brandished as….

f) Healthcare…….

• Health’s privatization;
• Branding new diseases;

4) Suggestions for improvement

• Active role of PEMRA;
• Professional Journalism;
• Training spells of media persons;

5) Conclusion

“impacts of media” complete essay.

“According to Montesquieu theory of separation of powers, there are three organs of state i.e. executive, legislature and judiciary”. However, media has emerged as the fourth pillar of state due to its importance in the modern world. A free and independent media is the pre-requisite for socio-economic development, cultural and religious harmony and for strong state institutions.

The constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens freedom of press and freedom of information are among them. The universal declaration of human rights, 1948 also speaks about free access of information to all and sundry.

Media is of various types i.e. print media, electronic media and (as its offshoot) advertising media. It has its positive and negative aspects (advantages and disadvantages) and impacts on social, economic, political, religious, educational and medical spheres which call for various remedial measures which we discuss one by one in the following paragraphs such as:

The positive social aspect of media is that it is a source of entertainment. Movies, drama serial, sports all are found there on social media. It is the fastest source of access to latest information even in the twinkling of an eye. While being there online, one many have access around the globe. It is the best source of inter-district, inter-provinces and interstate connectivity giving rise to peace and harmony. It has been the best source of opinion building of the masses. It makes them aware of their fundamental and other rights of social nature.

The positive political aspect of media is that it becomes instrumental in the canvassing of any political party for its desired candidate. Whether it is the print or electronic media, both modes are adopted by the political big-wings for the publication of their agenda and manifesto. The treasury and the opposition both find it equally efficacious. It is proved to be the champion of democracy. It is only because of media that the democracy of Pakistan has got rid of the clutches of dictatorship. In this age of globalization, the masses can better understand the shenanigans of political parties who try to axe their own grind.

The positive economic aspect of media is that it has become a symbol of success for any sole proprietorship, partnership firm, private and public company, etc. Advertisements play a vital role in shaping the minds of consumers regarding any newly launched product of any kind. With a single click or vision, consumers can have access to a wide range of products of the same specie but with different brand tags. They can opt any of the brand after their own heart. They need not visit the spot in person. They can purchase it while being there at home through e-commerce. Even goods are sold, purchased, returned, and exchanged through e-commerce. Payment of these items is not a big deal now. All this has become possible only with the able assistance of media.

The positive aspect of media is that all and sundry can have easy and equal access to religious sites and channels like Q-TV, Quran Reader, etc. Media has made this impossible possible. Now, one can learn and recite the Holy Quran by heart easily. It is also the big source of interfaith harmony. Faiths found in various parts of world can easily be harmonized. It is proved to be an anti-dote to clash of civilization. Terrorism and extremism can be rooted out with the help of media in a befitting manner.

The positive educational aspect of media is that it improves learning skills. One may have access to the institutions of stupendous repute worldwide while being at home. All academic activities and extra-curricular activities have become dependent upon media. Academic, cultural, regional, national, international, commercial, and conventional education cannot be received conveniently without media. It updates in fact. Media has attained the position of ground reality in every sphere of academics.

Media has also great deal of importance in health sector. Media provides us health tips which are helpful in maintaining good health. Health charts, diet plans and plans for taking proper exercise are available on social media which are in easy access to all on daily basis. The best panel of doctors, physicians, surgeons and pharmacists are found their easily. Pharmaceutical companies advertise their newly launched products through media which fact has become helpful in making the people aware of the cures of the epidemics like Tuberculosis(TB), AIDS, Hepatitis A, B, C, etc. The government makes the masses aware of their projects about healthcare through social media whereby the latter become able to get medical aid in the hours of need.

Media acts as a watchdog in the working and smooth performance of functioning of various departments in the three organs of state i.e. executive, legislature and judiciary whereby they try their level best to perform their duties well in order to receive appreciation and avoid criticism.

Besides the above mentioned positive aspects, media also has some negative aspects which call for some remedial measures. These negative aspects can be explained as under.

The negative social impact of media is that it has paved the way for isolation. Individuals stick to their television, laptop, i-phones, tablets or LED‟s in their bedrooms, houses, offices even at public places without taking notice of the presence of any other person present there in the company of fellows. It becomes the cause of wastage of time when we have a lot of channels or groups to visit resulting in the polarization of mind. Sometimes it also happens that we find unauthentic and manipulated information which is found quite otherwise than the propriety of the information demands. This way it misleads the masses. Cybercrimes on media have given rise to the practice of blackmailing. Yellow journalism and sensationalism have also made the pathetic situation more worsen. Polluted culture is also the outcome of social media‟s negative impact. When the masses found the opportunity of having knowhow about multi-cultures they mix their own culture with it willy-nilly.

The negative political impact of media is that it is used as a tool for political victimization by the arch rivals. The treasury is usually in a better position to malign the opposition through the weapon of media. Similarly, the opposition leaves no stone unturned in making a mountain out of a mole hill. Dictators also use media in order to shape the minds of populace in their favor against the democratic governments at the cost of democratic norms.

The negative economic impact and aspect of media is that substandard goods, products and services are sold like a hot cake. It is said that a good wine needs no bush. Newly launched products are advertised on media in the way that its drawbacks, if any, are suppressed under the pomp and show of the advertisement which are dawned upon the consumers like a snake in the grass.

The negative religious impact of media is that it fans sectarianism, terrorism and extremism. It has been found most oftenly that the proscribed organizations under the garb of “Service to humanity” or with a different hash-tag prop-up their own agenda of hatred, terrorism, extremism and sectarianism. Besides that, our religious mindset has been affected badly owing to the access of western culture. A lot of unwanted improvements in our religion have been manufactured which have badly affected the spirit of the teachings of our religion Islam. The unfiltered, un-scrutinized and unauthentic material available on social media has placed the masses between the devil and the deep-sea.

The negative educational impact of media is that good for nothing tutors are brandished as senior and mature mentors. They are dubbed as professionals. As a result they fail to provide quality education consequent upon which the youth are unable to serve the nation despite having degrees rather professional degree. It would not be wrong if one say that private sector is the illegitimate child of social media. It represents the private educational sector in a way that even educated first generation is trapped. The luxurious facilities like fully air conditioned environment, indoor and outdoor games and the display of score cards of the pupils on social media is not less than a double edged weapon in the hands of private education system.

In healthcare sector, media has also casted a havoc. Private hospitals use social media as a tool for introducing new brands of diseases with the extensive degree of stress which they do not require. The purpose behind it is either to launch a new product of medicine or to make the masses realize that that sort of particular disease is found curable only in their medical facility. Such products are found famous in the market and later on are discarded by the health officials terming them as “injurious to health”. It is only because of this dark side of media.

The above said negative aspects / impacts of media call for some suggestions / remedial measures which are as under.

There must be effective policies of check and balance over media. These policies should also be implemented in letter and spirit. For this purpose, Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) should play an active role in the light of provisions enshrined in the ordinance.

There must be professional journalists. They must handle everything professionally. For this purpose, they should take utmost care before disseminating any information or news on social media- unauthentic or dis-informative news must be filtered out.

There should be training spells of the media person. For this purpose, the government in collaboration with PEMRA should devise a clear-cut strategy. The media persons should be given handsome pay packages.

In a nutshell, media have gained currency as the fourth pillar of state and it has become an undeniable reality which plays a pivotal role in shaping the minds of masses. The negative aspects of media are through visible yet with proper implementation of positive impacts / aspects through the best policies its dark side may be countered and positive side may be made more practicable and workable.

Prepared by Miss Aqsa Imtiaz (CSS & PMS 2020 qualified) Contact No. 0300-4469650

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About the author

Shahzad Faisal Malik is the administrator of CSSTimes.pk and is responsible for managing the content, design, and overall direction of the blog. He has a strong background in Competitive Exams and is passionate and sharing information with others. Shahzad Faisal Malik has worked as a Graphic Designer/Content Creator at CSSTimes in the past. In his free time, Shahzad Faisal Malik enjoys watching Cricket, writing blogs for different websites and is always on the lookout for new and interesting content to share with the readers of this website. As the website administrator, Shahzad Faisal Malik is dedicated to providing high-quality content and fostering a welcoming and engaging community for readers. He looks forward to connecting with readers and hearing their thoughts and feedback on the website.

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How To Add Text Outline With CSS

When it comes to web design , the visual appeal of your content plays a vital role in capturing and retaining your audience’s attention. One aspect of design that can significantly impact the overall aesthetics and readability of your website is text styling.

Text styling goes beyond just choosing a font  and font color . It involves carefully combining various CSS  properties to achieve the desired effect, such as utilizing text outlines to make your text visually striking.

In this article, we delve into the art of styling the outline of texts using CSS and explore how it works alongside the various options you can use.

Understanding Web Texts

Web text is text that is displayed on a web page. Fonts play a vital role in displaying text on the web. These fonts are essentially vector-based graphics, which means pixel data do not limit them and can be rendered at various sizes while maintaining their sharpness and clarity.

One fascinating aspect of fonts being vector-based graphics is the ability to apply strokes or outlines around individual characters. Like how you can draw a stroke around a shape in vector programs such as Adobe Illustrator, CSS provides the means to achieve the same effect on web text.

2 Methods To Add Text Outline With CSS

When it comes to adding an outline effect to your text using CSS, there are two methods you can employ. Let’s explore and see the downside of these methods and how to use them.

1. Using the text-stroke Property

The text-stroke is a CSS property you can use to add an outline to your texts. It allows you to specify the outline’s width and color . This property is only supported by WebKit-based browsers, and for you to use it, you must add the -webkit- prefix.

For example, let’s add stroke to an h1 heading text—“Welcome to Kinsta”:

This is how the text-stroke property will be used with the -webkit- prefix:

-webkit-text-stroke-width and -webkit-text-stroke-color specify the stroke’s width and color , respectively. It sets the width to 3px and color to black .

These two properties above can be combined with the shorthand property -webkit-text-stroke , which simultaneously specifies the stroke color and width .

This will give the same output.

Support For text-stroke Property

According to caniuse , there is no support for the text-stroke property on the Internet Explorer browser.

If you use the text-stroke property to set the outline of your texts, and if a user makes use of an unsupported browser, then such text may not be visible if its color matches the background color.

To fix this, you can use the -webkit-text-fill-color property to set a color for the text and set a fallback color with the color property:

When a browser does not support the text-stroke property, it uses the color set by the color property.

Another option will be to confirm that the browser supports the -webkit-text-stroke property before adding the style.

2. Using the text-shadow Property

If you don’t want to handle support differences, you can use the text-shadow property, which has support for all  the latest versions of popular browsers.

For the text-shadow property, we’ll use four shadows, each to the top right , top left , bottom left , and bottom right .

In this example, we use four shadows to create a text outline effect. Each shadow has a 3-pixel offset from the text, and the color is set to black ( #000 ). This effect is similar to that generated by the first method.

By applying shadows to all four corners of the text, we achieve a well-defined outline. Feel free to adjust the pixel offsets, shadow colors, or text colors to suit your specific design preferences.

This method gives you an added advantage as you can adjust the horizontal and vertical shadows according to what suits the text. You can also add a little blur radius:

One limitation of using text shadows is that you may encounter a discontinuous stroke effect when the shadow length exceeds 1 pixel (you’ll see this if you compare it with the text-stroke method).

Combining text-stroke and text-shadow Properties

You can combine both properties to achieve a visually stunning effect that combines a perfect text outline with a subtle blur and additional effects offered by the text-shadow property. This combination allows for a versatile and customizable approach to enhancing your text’s appearance.

You can also do away with having to add individual shadows to each corner and apply a general shadow with one line:

Both the text-stroke and text-shadow properties offer valuable options for adding outlines to your text. The choice between them depends on browser compatibility, desired effects, and the level of control you require for your design.

Experiment with different techniques and find the best approach to create captivating and visually appealing text outlines. You can combine Kinsta’s  hosting capabilities with your complete project for an engaging online presence.

Share your experience! Did you use any other approaches not covered in this article? Let us know in the comments.

Joel is a Frontend developer working at Kinsta as a Technical Editor. He is a passionate teacher with love for open source and has written over 200 technical articles majorly around JavaScript and it's frameworks.

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what font are you using in those examples?

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