berkeley economics phd courses

Edward Miguel

Distinguished Professor of Economics, Oxfam Professor in Environmental and Resource Economics, & Faculty co-Director of the Center for Effective Global Action (CEGA)

Graduate Development Economics — Spring 2023

Grady Killeen ([email protected])

Sam Wang ([email protected])

This course covers current research topics and methods in Development Economics. It is appropriate for Ph.D. students in Economics and related fields.

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Why study at uc berkeley's department of agricultural and resource economics.

Aprajit Mahajan, associate professor of agricultrual and resource economics, working with a student after class. Photo: Jim Block

Our graduate program in agricultural and resource economics produces outstanding researchers in development economics, environmental and energy economics, international trade, and agricultural and resource policy.

Students enrolling in our doctoral program complete a rigorous course of study, including microeconomic theory (offered by the Department of Economics), econometrics, and field courses offered by ARE, the Department of Economics, and the Haas School of Business. A number of our graduate students also take doctoral-level courses in the Department of Statistics.

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The Department of Economics is is one of the largest teaching and research departments at UC Berkeley. It has consistently been ranked among the top five economics departments in the world. Founded in 1903, the department is well known for being at the forefront of economics research, for its excellence in teaching both at the undergraduate and graduate levels, and for the prominent role that its faculty members and alumni play in influencing economic policy. Faculty members in the department have achieved great distinction for their research, professional services, and contributions to public policy. Six members of our faculty have been recipients of the Nobel Prize in Economics. The Department of Economics is home to over 1,400 undergraduate students.

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New PhD course focuses on intersection of climate economics, sustainability

Rising to a critical need for more research and leadership in climate finance, Berkeley Haas has joined a group of top universities worldwide in offering an innovative online PhD course focused on the intersection of climate economics and sustainability.

Professors Adair Morse and Panos Patatoukas , co-faculty directors of the Sustainable & Impact Finance Initiative (SAIF) at Haas , have signed on to teach the online class called “Financial Economics of Climate and Sustainability.” 

Ten schools, including Stanford, Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Oxford, are now offering the global doctoral course for free to their PhD students. Nearly 1,000 students from 127 schools across 30 different countries are participating in the 10-week course.

The goal is to inspire a new generation of climate leaders to embark on new research that leads to innovative ways of thinking about climate finance, Patatoukas said. “Our job as instructors will be to give them the tools and the frameworks and provide ways for them to start asking interesting questions,” he said. “Overall, it’s a really good time to more formally train our students in this space. It’s rapidly evolving, it’s messy, it’s not perfect, but that makes it interesting and exciting and an area of growth that is full of opportunities.”

The course will help create change in two areas. First, it encourages students to work outside of their academic silos and come together to share ideas. “Sometimes, in a business school, we’re thinking about these problems in isolation, but this is definitely a field where everybody has to work with each other to come up with better solutions,” Patatoukas said. Second, the course will encourage students to publish cutting-edge research. “We feel like our students will have an easier time getting published in an area that is so impactful and new where basic questions remain open,” he said. 

Each week, professors from different institutions will teach topics including climate, sustainability, and economic theory; corporate carbon disclosure; introduction to climate science; climate and asset pricing; and climate and investment management. All students enrolled in the course for credit will be required to submit an idea for a research project or a plan to review a set of sustainability papers from outside of the course by the last class.

“The timing is perfect for this course,” Patatoukas said. “Because as consensus has grown worldwide over the climate crisis, a transition to net zero isn’t happening fast enough.”

That’s where mobilizing massive amounts of capital to fight climate change comes into play.  An estimated $4 trillion to $5 trillion a year in resources will need to be financed and distributed to address climate global needs, said Terhilda Garrido , interim executive director of SAIF. “Only a fraction will be provided by governments,” she said. “This course addresses our need to mobilize innovative climate finance quickly, train leaders in finance, and learn from each other, globally. Climate is a global issue requiring global collaboration.”

The post New PhD course focuses on intersection of climate economics, sustainability appeared first on Haas News | Berkeley Haas .

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PhD Program in Business Administration

Welcome to the Berkeley Haas PhD Program! Partner with world-class faculty for a rigorous academic program in one of eight fields of study. Join a premier business school and a leading research university with a Nobel Prize-winning tradition – where you can seek new ideas and make an impact on global business and education.

The application for fall 2025 will open in September 2024, and close on December 2, 2024.

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Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond

Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner

Becoming a PhD economist can provide a fulfilling and financially secure career path. However, getting started in the field can be daunting if you don’t know much about the preparation you’ll need and the available job opportunities. If you’re wondering what it means to be an economics researcher or how to become one, please read on. We’ll review how to prepare for a career in economics research, what an economics PhD program entails, and what types of opportunities it might bring. Economic education is a core component of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s mission to serve the community. To empower would-be economists, this post provides information for students who seek a career in economics research. We hope this information will be helpful to students interested in economics, regardless of their background and economic situation.  This information is most applicable to students applying to programs in the United States.  

The Breadth of Economics Research  

Academic disciplines conduct research in different ways, so it’s important to have a basic understanding of the types of questions economists ask and how they approach answering them. There are many definitions of economics, but a broadly useful one is the study of how people, organizations, and governments make decisions under different constraints, and how those decisions may affect their outcomes. 

When answering these questions, economists seek to ground their analyses in models and to be quantitatively precise about the effects they assign to any given cause. The range of topics economists can study is wide, but the accepted approaches to answering questions are stricter. Some examples of what economists might ask: 

• How do different public housing programs affect the children who live there? 
• Does a certain type of law encourage businesses to innovate? 
• How will a change in the interest rate affect inflation and unemployment rates? 
• How much does affordable health insurance improve people’s health? 
• How can poor countries eradicate poverty? 

There are many different subfields within economics, including, but not limited to behavioral, econometrics, energy/environmental, development, financial, international, monetary, public, and urban economics. You can familiarize yourself with the latest work in economics by subscribing to working paper series, such as NBER’s New This Week or the New York Fed’s Staff Reports . To get an idea of the breadth of questions economists can answer, you could listen to Stephen Dubner’s “ Freakonomics Radio ” podcast. You may also want to explore the Journal of Economic Perspectives , the New York Fed’s Liberty Street Economics blog, VoxDev , or VoxEU .  

What Is a PhD Program Like?    

Economics PhD programs typically last five to seven years. Unlike masters programs, they are often fully funded with a stipend, though most require students to complete teaching assistant and/or research assistant (RA) work as part of their funding package. In the first two years, students take classes, many of which are mathematically demanding. The rest of the program can include additional classes but is primarily devoted to original research with the aim of producing publishable papers that will constitute the dissertation.  

Faculty advisors are a central part of PhD programs, as students look to them for guidance during the research process. Economics PhD programs are offered within university economics departments, but there are similar programs in public policy and business schools. You can look at their websites to understand any differences in coursework and subsequent job placements. 

What Can You Do with an Economics PhD?  

Upon graduation, students can obtain jobs in a variety of industries. Many PhD students hope to become university professors. Governments and public policy-related institutions such as the Federal Reserve System, the U.S. federal government, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) also hire economists to work on policy, lead programs, and conduct research. Finally, economics PhD graduates can also find employment at a variety of private sector companies, including banks, economic consulting firms, and big tech companies. The pay for these different positions can vary. According to the American Economics Association (AEA), the average starting salary for economics assistant professors in 2022-23 was approximately $140,000 at PhD granting institutions and $98,000 at BA granting institutions. 

Programs often publish the placements of their PhD graduates, so you can look online to see specific employment outcomes. See, for example, the University of Maryland’s placements . Ultimately, economists are highly regarded as authorities on a variety of topics. Governments, nonprofits, philanthropic foundations, financial institutions, and non-financial businesses all look to economists to answer important questions about how to best achieve their goals. Thus, earning an economics Ph.D. can potentially help you to influence issues that are important to you. 

Preparing for an Economics PhD Program  

There are several components to an economics PhD program application: college transcripts, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Please download the Appendix linked below to learn more about transcripts and letters of recommendation. The Appendix details ways in which you can select coursework, obtain research experience, and develop relationships to position yourself for success as a PhD applicant.  

If you feel that you are too far along in your academic career to take enough of the classes described in the Appendix, this does not necessarily preclude you from pursuing an economics PhD. For example, it’s possible to take some of these classes through a master’s program, or through a pre-doctoral RA job. Some pre-doctoral RA jobs, such as the one here at the New York Fed , may enable you to take classes in preparation for graduate school. If you are concerned about your transcript, reach out to an economist at your university for advice; program standards for coursework and grades vary, and it’s a good idea to get more personalized advice. 

Research Experience   

If you’re interested in becoming an economics researcher and applying to PhD programs, it’s best to get research experience as soon as possible. Working as an RA is a great way to learn how to conduct research and get a better idea of whether it’s the right career path for you. Additionally, it can help you obtain a letter of recommendation for graduate school applications and improve your qualifications.  

All types of academic research can be enriching, but it’s beneficial to gain experience working directly with an economist. To find a position, you can reach out to professors whose work you find interesting or find an RA program at your school. Typical RA tasks may involve data collection and cleaning, as well as running analyses and creating charts to represent results. This is where coding skills become crucial; having taken math, statistics, and econometrics courses will also enable you to take on more responsibilities. 

You may also have the opportunity to conduct your own research, possibly under the supervision of a professor at your university. This research could be self-initiated or part of a course such as a thesis workshop. Self-directed research is a great opportunity to learn about all stages of the research process. It’s also an excellent opportunity to create a writing sample for graduate school applications. Ultimately, though, your motivation for conducting your own research project should be that you want to answer a question.  One thing economists have in common is a love of answering questions using data and theory. 

Research experience is also often obtained after completing an undergraduate or master’s degree. Taking on a full-time RA position before applying to PhD programs is very common and can make you a more competitive applicant. You may either get an RA job working for a professor or participate in a pre-doctoral RA program.  

Research assistant programs are more structured than positions with individual professors or projects, which could be helpful. Universities, parts of the government, think tanks, research organizations, and the Federal Reserve System are all good places to look for research assistant programs. To help you decide which opportunities are most desirable, you may want to ask potential employers : Where do people in this program tend to go afterward? Will I be working directly with an economist? How much of my time will be spent on academic research work? Will I be able to take classes as part of this program? Considering whether an economist will be able to evaluate your performance is an important factor for recommendation letters. The ability to take classes, either through tuition reimbursement or waivers, can also be an important benefit. 

The Research Analyst program here at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one example of these programs and you should check it out here . The Federal Reserve Board of Governors also has a large program, and many other regional Federal Reserve Banks have similar programs. In addition, the PREDOC website and the  NBER post listings of RA opportunities. J-PAL and IPA also tend to recruit RAs for economic development projects. Another source of RA opportunities is the @econ_ra account on X. 

Who Should Get a PhD in Economics?  

A PhD may not be for everyone, but it is for anyone—people of all genders, religions, ethnicities, races, and national origins have PhDs in economics. Many economists majored in economics, but others majored in math, physics, or chemistry. Because economics is such an integral part of policymaking, it is important that economists come from a wide range of backgrounds so policy can be stronger and more effective. The inclusion of differing perspectives helps ensure that the contribution of economists to work in public policy, academia, and beyond effectively serves the broadest range of society. 

• Coursework Appendix

Kasey Chatterji-Len is a research analyst in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research and Statistics Group.

Anna Kovner  is the director of Financial Stability Policy Research in the Bank’s Research and Statistics Group.

How to cite this post: Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner, “Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Liberty Street Economics , May 31, 2024, https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2024/05/thinking-of-pursuing-a-phd-in-economics-info-on-graduate-school-and-beyond/.

You may also be interested in: AEA: Resources for Students

PREDOC: Guidance for Undergraduates

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Disclaimer The views expressed in this post are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author(s).

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Liberty Street Economics features insight and analysis from New York Fed economists working at the intersection of research and policy. Launched in 2011, the blog takes its name from the Bank’s headquarters at 33 Liberty Street in Manhattan’s Financial District.

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About the Program

Bachelor of arts (ba).

The Department of Economics is home to over 1500 undergraduate students. Economics majors can enroll in a broad array of economics courses, ranging from economic history to advanced macroeconomics. Students are encouraged to study abroad, participate in research, and take advantage of the many opportunities Berkeley has to offer.

Declaring the Major

As a popular major, declaration of the Economics major is admission-based and students must meet specific criteria in order to be admitted. Students who want to apply to the economics major must have completed or be currently enrolled in all the major prerequisites. Students admitted to Berkeley as freshmen must apply by their fifth semester of post-high school coursework unless they have fewer than 80 total units. This total includes coursework in-progress but excludes high school enrichment units, e.g., Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, or other college units earned prior to high school graduation. Transfer students required to enroll in remaining prerequisites and apply to the major during their first semester at Berkeley. The 80 unit cap does not apply to transfer students.

For more information, please visit the department's prospective student website .

Honors Program

Students interested in graduating with honors in economics should consult with a faculty adviser no later than the second semester of their junior year. The department recommends a student for graduation with honors based on evidence of superior performance provided by a thesis written in the senior year and the student's course grade record overall and in the major. The minimum major grade point average (GPA) requirement is 3.5 in upper division economics courses and 3.3 GPA overall. The senior thesis may be an extension of a seminar paper prepared under the continued guidance of a faculty member through enrollment in ECON H195A / ECON H195B .

Minor Program

There is no minor program in economics.

Visit Department Website

Major Requirements

In addition to the University, campus, and college requirements listed on the College Requirements tab, students must fulfill the below requirements specific to their major program.

General Guidelines

• All courses taken to fulfill the major requirements below must be taken for graded credit, other than courses listed which are offered on a  Pass/No Pass  basis only. Other exceptions to this requirement are noted as applicable.
• No more than two upper division courses may be used to simultaneously fulfill requirements for a student's major and an additional major program. No more than one upper division course may be used to simultaneously fulfill requirements for a student's major and minor programs, with the exception of minors offered outside of the College of Letters & Science.
• A minimum grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 must be maintained in both upper and lower division courses used to fulfill the major requirements.

For information regarding residence requirements and unit requirements, please see the College Requirements tab.

Prerequisites

For a comprehensive overview of the Economics admission process, please visit econ.berkeley.edu/undergrad/prospective

 At least one semester of the calculus/statistics requirement must be completed at UC Berkeley.

Students may take  UGBA 101B  to fulfill the Intermediate Macroeconomic requirement.

Students who took  STAT C8 ,  STAT 134 , or  IND ENG 172  Fall 2019 and prior should consult Economics website  for details.

Upper Division Requirements

Approved list of Economics electives available at  https://www.econ.berkeley.edu/undergrad/current/major-requirements

College Requirements

Undergraduate students must fulfill the following requirements in addition to those required by their major program.

For a detailed lists of L&S requirements, please see Overview tab to the right in this guide or visit the L&S Degree Requirements webpage. For College advising appointments, please visit the L&S Advising Pages. 

University of California Requirements

Entry level writing.

All students who will enter the University of California as freshmen must demonstrate their command of the English language by fulfilling the Entry Level Writing requirement. Fulfillment of this requirement is also a prerequisite to enrollment in all reading and composition courses at UC Berkeley and must be taken for a letter grade. 

American History and American Institutions

The American History and American Institutions requirements are based on the principle that all U.S. residents who have graduated from an American university should have an understanding of the history and governmental institutions of the United States.

Berkeley Campus Requirement

American cultures.

All undergraduate students at Cal need to take and pass this campus requirement course in order to graduate. The requirement offers an exciting intellectual environment centered on the study of race, ethnicity and culture of the United States. AC courses are plentiful and offer students opportunities to be part of research-led, highly accomplished teaching environments, grappling with the complexity of American Culture.

College of Letters & Science Essential Skills Requirements

Quantitative reasoning.

The Quantitative Reasoning requirement is designed to ensure that students graduate with basic understanding and competency in math, statistics, or computer/data science. The requirement may be satisfied by exam or by taking an approved course taken for a letter grade.

Foreign Language

The Foreign Language requirement may be satisfied by demonstrating proficiency in reading comprehension, writing, and conversation in a foreign language equivalent to the second semester college level, either by passing an exam or by completing approved course work taken for a letter grade.

Reading and Composit ion

In order to provide a solid foundation in reading, writing, and critical thinking the College of Letters and Science requires two semesters of lower division work in composition in sequence. Students must complete parts A & B reading and composition courses in sequential order by the end of their fourth semester for a letter grade.

College of Letters & Science 7 Course Breadth Requirements

Breadth requirements.

The undergraduate breadth requirements provide Berkeley students with a rich and varied educational experience outside of their major program. As the foundation of a liberal arts education, breadth courses give students a view into the intellectual life of the University while introducing them to a multitude of perspectives and approaches to research and scholarship. Engaging students in new disciplines and with peers from other majors, the breadth experience strengthens interdisciplinary connections and context that prepares Berkeley graduates to understand and solve the complex issues of their day.

Unit Requirements

120 total units

Of the 120 units, 36 must be upper division units

• Of the 36 upper division units, 6 must be taken in courses offered outside your major department

Residence Requirements

For units to be considered in "residence," you must be registered in courses on the Berkeley campus as a student in the College of Letters & Science. Most students automatically fulfill the residence requirement by attending classes at Cal for four years, or two years for transfer students. In general, there is no need to be concerned about this requirement, unless you graduate early, go abroad for a semester or year, or want to take courses at another institution or through UC Extension during your senior year. In these cases, you should make an appointment to meet an L&S College adviser to determine how you can meet the Senior Residence Requirement.

Note: Courses taken through UC Extension do not count toward residence.

Senior Residence Requirement

After you become a senior (with 90 semester units earned toward your B.A. degree), you must complete at least 24 of the remaining 30 units in residence in at least two semesters. To count as residence, a semester must consist of at least 6 passed units. Intercampus Visitor, EAP, and UC Berkeley-Washington Program (UCDC) units are excluded.

You may use a Berkeley Summer Session to satisfy one semester of the Senior Residence requirement, provided that you successfully complete 6 units of course work in the Summer Session and that you have been enrolled previously in the college.

Modified Senior Residence Requirement

Participants in the UC Education Abroad Program (EAP), Berkeley Summer Abroad, or the UC Berkeley Washington Program (UCDC) may meet a Modified Senior Residence requirement by completing 24 (excluding EAP) of their final 60 semester units in residence. At least 12 of these 24 units must be completed after you have completed 90 units.

Upper Division Residence Requirement

You must complete in residence a minimum of 18 units of upper division courses (excluding UCEAP units), 12 of which must satisfy the requirements for your major.

Plan of Study

For more detailed information regarding the courses listed below (e.g., elective information, GPA requirements, etc.), see the College Requirements and Major Requirements tabs.

This is a sample program plan. This plan assumes that the student has completed the Entry Level Writing, American History and Institutions, Quantitative Reasoning, and Foreign Language requirements prior to admission, and does not require MATH 32 .

To declare the Economics major, students admitted as freshmen must complete all prerequisite courses and apply to the major no later than their fifth semester at Berkeley. A minimum prerequisite GPA of 3.0 is also required.

The economics major is impacted and cannot guarantee enrollment in specific courses.

Students are strongly advised to work with an academic advisor to determine a personal program plan. Your program plan will differ depending on previous credit received, your course schedule, and available offerings.

MATH 53 is a prerequisite to enroll in ECON 101A . ECON 101A ,  ECON 101B , and ECON 141 (the math intensive versions of ECON 100A , ECON 100B , and ECON 140 ) are recommended for students interested in research or pursuing a PhD in Economics, and require the MATH 1A - MATH 1B series as prerequisites. ECON 100A / ECON 101A and ECON 100B / ECON 101B  can be taken out of order. ECON 140 / ECON 141 should be taken the semester following completion of ECON 100A / ECON 101A  and ECON 100B / ECON 101B .

Other options for the statistics prerequisite are: STAT 20 ,  STAT 21 ,  STAT W21 ,  STAT C88S ,  STAT C131A , STAT 135 , STAT C140 . Students who took  STAT C8 ,  STAT 134 , or  IND ENG 172  Fall 2019 and prior should consult  Economics website  for details.

For students intending to complete the Economics Honors Program , one approved research course can be used to fulfill both the "Research Requirement" for the Honors Program and an upper division elective. Discuss your plans for this program with an Economics advisor. The Economics Honors Program is optional .

ECON H195B is the Honors Thesis Course for students intending to complete the Economics Honors Program .

Accelerated Program Plans

For students considering graduating in less than four years, it is important to acknowledge the reasons to undertake such a plan of study. While there are advantages to pursuing a three-year degree plan such as reducing financial burdens, they are not for everyone and do involve sacrifices; especially with respect to participating in co-curricular activities, depth of study, and summer internships, which typically lead to jobs upon graduation. All things considered, please see the tables for three and three and a half year degree options.

3.5 Year Plan

3 Year Plan

Student Learning Goals

Economics is the study of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity and the results of those choices for society. Limited resources make tradeoffs necessary for consumers, businesses, and nations. Microeconomics studies how consumers make choices in using their time and spending their income and how businesses make choices in producing and selling goods and services. Macroeconomics studies the determination of national income and how it deviates from its potential (full employment) over the business cycle. The important outcomes for the national economy are income and how it is distributed, unemployment, inflation, economic growth, and how well financial markets and international trade are functioning. Economics is important in studying the impact of government policies, ranging from regulatory activities in individual markets to general measures for stabilizing and steering the economy at large. The effect of alternative economic policies on the welfare of the population is a core concern in economics. Undergraduates should have the following knowledge and skills when they graduate with an economics major from UC Berkeley. The Department of Economics wants their majors to have knowledge of economics principles with the skills to apply this knowledge in the following ways.

Learning Goals of the Major

Critical Thinking Skills

• Apply economic analysis to evaluate everyday problems.
• Apply economic analysis to evaluate specific policy proposals.
• Compare two or more arguments that have different conclusions to a specific issue or problem.
• Understand the role of assumptions in arguments.

Quantitative Reasoning Skills

• Understand how to use empirical evidence to evaluate an economic argument.
• Interpret statistical results.
• Conduct appropriate statistical analysis of data and explain the statistical problems involved.
• Obtain and/or collect relevant data using specific qualitative and/or quantitative research methods.

Problem-Solving Skills

• Solve problems that have clear solutions.
• Propose solutions for problems that do not have clear answers and indicate under what conditions they may be viable solutions.

Specialized Knowledge and Application of Skills

• In specific content areas (fields) of economics, develop deeper critical and quantitative thinking skills, and apply problem-solving skills to complex problems.

Communication Skills

• Communicate effectively in written, spoken, and graphical form about specific economic issues.
• Formulate a well-organized written argument that states assumptions and hypotheses, which are supported by evidence.
• Present an economic argument orally.

Lifelong Learning Skills

• Possess a working knowledge of information databases (e.g., Econ Lit, Nexis-Lexis).
• Know how to locate and use primary data sources (e.g., BLS Household Survey, UN Human Development Index).
• Understand and evaluate current economic events and new economic ideas.

Career & Internship Information

Career services overview.

Cultivate a university-wide culture of career readiness, where every student engages in meaningful experiences, has a supportive professional community, and is empowered to achieve lifelong career success.

Our Mission

We are dedicated to advancing equity and access to career resources for every student and recent alumni of UC Berkeley.

We engage with students on their journey to reflect, discover, and design a personally meaningful career ( Career Clarity ).

We connect students with alumni, employers, and their larger professional community to forge meaningful relationships that will guide them into their early career ( Career Connections ).        

We empower students to develop the professional confidence and experience necessary to secure the career opportunities they seek ( Career Competitiveness ).

Berkeley Career Engagement utilizes Handshake , a powerful recruiting platform that uses cutting-edge technology to help students more easily connect with employers, jobs, internships, events, and resources, as well as access to career coaching appointments.

Career and Internship Resources

Berkeley Career Engagement  offers a wide variety of programs and resources to support students of all majors and class levels.

Job & Internship Search Tools : Resume and cover letter writing, job search strategies, networking tools, interviewing skills, and more, can be found in their Career Readiness Workbook.

24/7 Online Resources: Their Resources on Demand are here to help you engage and grow in your career development.

Career Coaching: They offer a wide variety of scheduled and drop-in appointment options based on major and topic.

Internships : Internship listings, search strategies, FAQs, and more.

Career Exploration : Discover their resources to help you explore career options, identify career goals, and develop effective career plans.

Events and Workshops : They deliver over 100 events each semester including workshops, alumni networking events, career panels, conferences, and Alumni Career Chats.

Career Fairs and Employer Information Sessions : They offer a variety of career fairs each year across different career fields and partner with numerous employers for on-campus information sessions.

Graduate and Professional School : Counseling and resources to help students research and apply for graduate and professional school including medical school and law school .

Common Career Paths for Economics Majors

Career destinations survey.

Every year the Career Center surveys graduating seniors about their post-graduation plans to better understand the career outcomes of our alumni including: career fields, job titles, specific employers, entry-level salaries, and graduate/professional school destinations. The data profiles by major provide an impressive overview of the diverse interests and achievements of recent graduates from UC Berkeley, including specific data for the Economics Department . Each survey year includes the August, December, and May graduating cohorts for that survey year. This data is designed to provide students, alumni, and employers with critical information about where Cal students go after graduation. As expected, college major does not restrict the employment or graduate school options that Cal students pursue. With careful planning , you can develop career-related skills and experiences that can prepare you for almost any job or graduate school field.

Sample Career Pathways

Economics majors go on to pursue a wide variety of career options including, but not limited to:

• Economics: Data collection, research analysis, forecasting, planning, consulting and policy advising roles in many industries including private sector consulting and research firms, retail, insurance, transportation, healthcare, federal, state and local government agencies, public utilities, or labor unions.
• Banking and finance: Financial analysis, commercial banking, mortgage and lending services, credit analysis, branch management, securities sales and research.
• Management: Business and industry including banks, retail stores, restaurants, hotels, healthcare, manufacturing, government and nonprofit organizations.
• Insurance: Claims, underwriting, risk management, sales, loss control, and actuarial science.
• Sales: Industrial sales, consumer product sales, financial services sales, advertising sales, ecommerce, high tech forms, and media.
• Education: Teaching, research and administrative roles in colleges, universities, and secondary schools.

Visit our Connecting Majors to Careers resource to explore additional career paths most commonly associated with over 80 majors, including Economics .

Student Services

The economics student services mission is to advise our students holistically by providing a high standard of service in a supportive and collaborative environment. Professional and peer advisers work as a team to provide accurate information in a timely manner. We partner with faculty to assist students in engaging with the campus and the global economic community. We value fairness, diversity, and the important roles our students, faculty, and staff in the Department of Economics play at the University of California, Berkeley.

Please visit our website for more information about our advising services:  https://www.econ.berkeley.edu/undergrad/home/advising

ECON 1 Introduction to Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 Second 6 Week Session, Spring 2024 A survey of economics designed to give an overview of the field. Introduction to Economics: Read More [+]

Rules & Requirements

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no units for Economics 1 after passing Economics 2.

Hours & Format

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 2 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week

Summer: 6 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 6 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 4 hours of lecture and 4 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Two hours of lecture and two hours of discussion per week. Four hours of lecture and four hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Six hours of lecture and six hours of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Additional Details

Subject/Course Level: Economics/Undergraduate

Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required, with common exam group.

Introduction to Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 2 Introduction to Economics--Lecture Format 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 The course provides a survey of economics principles and methods. It covers both microeconomics, the study of consumer choice, firm behavior, and market interaction, and macroeconomics, the study of economic growth, unemployment, and inflation. Special emphasis is placed on the application of economic tools to contemporary economic problems and policies. Economics 2 differs from Economics 1 in that it has an additional hour of lecture per week and can thus cover topics in greater depth. It is particularly appropriate for intended economics majors. Introduction to Economics--Lecture Format: Read More [+]

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 2 after completing ECON 1 ; 2 units after completing ECON 3 or ENVECON 1 or ECON 3/ENVECON 1.

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1 hour of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and One hour of Discussion per week for 15 weeks.

Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam required.

Introduction to Economics--Lecture Format: Read Less [-]

ECON C3 Introduction to Environmental Economics and Policy 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Fall 2023, Fall 2022 Introduction to microeconomics with emphasis on resource, agricultural, and environmental issues. Introduction to Environmental Economics and Policy: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Mathematics 32

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON C3 after completing ECON 1 .

Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and two hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks.

Also listed as: ENVECON C1

Introduction to Environmental Economics and Policy: Read Less [-]

ECON 24 Freshman Seminar 1 Unit

Terms offered: Fall 2011, Spring 2008, Fall 2004 The Freshman Seminar Program has been designed to provide new students with the opportunity to explore an intellectual topic with a faculty member in a small seminar setting. Freshman seminars are offered in all campus departments. Topics vary from department to department and semester to semester. Enrollment limited to 15 freshman. Freshman Seminar: Read More [+]

Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit when topic changes.

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1 hour of seminar per week

Additional Format: One hour of Seminar per week for 15 weeks.

Grading/Final exam status: The grading option will be decided by the instructor when the class is offered. Final Exam To be decided by the instructor when the class is offered.

Freshman Seminar: Read Less [-]

ECON 84 Sophomore Seminar 1 or 2 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2021, Spring 2020 Sophomore seminars are small interactive courses offered by faculty members in departments all across the campus. Sophomore seminars offer opportunity for close, regular intellectual contact between faculty members and students in the crucial second year. The topics vary from department to department and semester to semester. Enrollment limited to 15 sophomores. Sophomore Seminar: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: At discretion of instructor

Fall and/or spring: 5 weeks - 3-6 hours of seminar per week 10 weeks - 1.5-3 hours of seminar per week 15 weeks - 1-2 hours of seminar per week

Summer: 6 weeks - 2.5-5 hours of seminar per week 8 weeks - 1.5-3.5 hours of seminar per week

Additional Format: unit(s):one hour of seminar per week; 2 unit(s):two hours of seminar per week. unit(s):one and one-half hours of seminar per week; 2 unit(s):three hours of seminar per week for 10 weeks. unit(s):one and one-half hours of seminar per week; 2 unit(s):three and one-half hours of seminar per week for 8 weeks. unit(s):two and one-half hours of seminar per week; 2 unit(s):five hours of seminar per week for 6 weeks. unit(s):three hours of seminar per week; 2 unit(s):six hours of seminar per week for five weeks.

Sophomore Seminar: Read Less [-]

ECON 98 Directed Group Study 1 - 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2019, Fall 2016, Fall 2015 Written proposal must be approved by Department Chair. Seminars for the group study of selected topics, which will vary from year to year. Topics may be initiated by students. Directed Group Study: Read More [+]

Credit Restrictions: Enrollment is restricted; see the Introduction to Courses and Curricula section of this catalog.

Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit without restriction.

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-4 hours of directed group study per week

Additional Format: Hours to be arranged.

Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam not required.

Directed Group Study: Read Less [-]

ECON 100A Microeconomics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024 This course introduces students to the main tools and concepts of microeconomics. These tools and concepts will serve as a foundation for many upper level economics courses. Topics covered include consumer theory, producer theory, equilibrium in a competitive market, monopoly, general equilibrium, and asymmetric information. This course makes use of calculus. Topics covered are similar to those in 101A. Microeconomics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 1 or 2 or C3, or Environmental Economics and Policy 1, and Mathematics 1A or 16A, and Mathematics 1B or 16B, or equivalent

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 100A after completing ECON 101A , UGBA 101A , or ECON S100A.

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture and 1-2 hours of discussion per week

Summer: 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 1.5-4 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one to two hours of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and one and one-half to four hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks.

Microeconomics: Read Less [-]

ECON 100B Macroeconomics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 First 6 Week Session, Spring 2024 This course introduces students to the main approaches economists use to describe how the economy works at the aggregate level. Topics covered include economic growth, business cycles, the determinants of aggregate employment, unemployment, and inflation, and the effects of monetary and fiscal policy. This course makes use of calculus. Topics covered are similar to those in 101B. Macroeconomics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 1 or 2, and Mathematics 1A or 16A

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 100B after completing ECON 101B , UGBA 101B , or ECON S100B.

Summer: 6 weeks - 8-8 hours of lecture and 2-4 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 1.5-4 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one to two hours of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and one and one-half to four hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Eight hours of lecture and two to four hours of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Macroeconomics: Read Less [-]

ECON 101A Microeconomics (Math Intensive) 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 This course introduces students to the main tools and concepts of microeconomics. These tools and concepts will serve as a foundation for many upper level economics courses. Topics covered include consumer theory, producer theory, equilibrium in a competitive market, monopoly, general equilibrium, game theory, and asymmetric information. Topics covered are similar to those in 100A, but this course uses calculus more intensively and is intended for students with a strong mathematical background. Microeconomics (Math Intensive): Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 1 or 2, Mathematics 53 or equivalent or consent of instructor

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 101A after completing ECON 100A , or UGBA 101A .

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one to two hours of discussion per week.

Microeconomics (Math Intensive): Read Less [-]

ECON 101B Macroeconomics (Math Intensive) 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 This course introduces students to the main approaches economists use to describe how the economy works at the aggregate level. Topics covered include economic growth, business cycles, the determinants of aggregate employment, unemployment, and inflation, and the effects of monetary and fiscal policy. This course uses calculus intensively and is intended for students with a strong mathematical background. Topics covered are similar to those in 100B. Macroeconomics (Math Intensive): Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 1 or 2, and Mathematics 1A and 1B

Credit Restrictions: Students will not receive credit for 101B after taking 100B or Undergraduate Business Administration 101B. A deficient grade in Undergraduate Business Administration 101B may be repeated by taking 101B.

Macroeconomics (Math Intensive): Read Less [-]

ECON C102 Natural Resource Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022 Introduction to the economics of natural resources. Land and the concept of economic rent. Models of optimal depletion of nonrenewable resources and optimal use of renewable resources. Application to energy, forests, fisheries, water, and climate change. Resources, growth, and sustainability. Natural Resource Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100, or Economics 100A or 100B

Instructor: Sunding

Also listed as: ENVECON C102

Natural Resource Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON C103 Introduction to Mathematical Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 Selected topics illustrating the application of mathematics to economic theory. This course is intended for upper-division students in Mathematics, Statistics, the Physical Sciences, and Engineering, and for economics majors with adequate mathematical preparation. No economic background is required. Introduction to Mathematical Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Math 53 and 54

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture per week for 15 weeks.

Formerly known as: 103

Also listed as: MATH C103

Introduction to Mathematical Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 104 Advanced Microeconomic Theory 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2022, Spring 2021, Spring 2020 This course explores some issues in advanced microeconomic theory, with special emphasis on game-theoretic models and the theory of choice under uncertainty. Specific applications will vary from year to year, but will generally include topics from information economics and models of strategic interaction. Advanced Microeconomic Theory: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 101A or consent of instructor

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 0-1 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and Zero to One hour of Discussion per week for 15 weeks.

Advanced Microeconomic Theory: Read Less [-]

ECON 105 History of Economic Thought 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2019, Summer 2019 First 6 Week Session, Fall 2018 A survey of the theories of major economists from Adam Smith to Keynes. History of Economic Thought: Read More [+]

Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 5.5 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture per week. Five and one-half hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks. Eight hours of lecture per week for 6 weeks.

History of Economic Thought: Read Less [-]

ECON 106 Advanced Macroeconomics 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2021 This class will provide an introduction to the modern analysis of macroeconomic stabilization policies such as monetary policy and fiscal policy. Students will be introduced to modern techniques such as dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with rational expectations as well as modern techniques for empirically assessing the effects of macroeconomic policies on the economy. Advanced Macroeconomics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Econ 100A (or Econ 101A) and Econ 100B (or Econ 101B) or consent of instructor

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 106 after completing ECON 106 . A deficient grade in ECON 106 may be removed by taking ECON 106 .

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture and 1-0 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one to zero hours of discussion per week.

Advanced Macroeconomics: Read Less [-]

ECON C110 Game Theory in the Social Sciences 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022 A non-technical introduction to game theory. Basic principle, and models of interaction among players, with a strong emphasis on applications to political science, economics, and other social sciences. Game Theory in the Social Sciences: Read More [+]

Credit Restrictions: Students receive no credit for PS C135/PEIS C135/ ECON C110 after taking ECON 104 . If PS C135/ ECON C110 /PS W135/ ECON N110 is taken and with a passing grade, students can't take the other versions of the course for additional credit.If PS C135/ ECON C110 /PS W135/ ECON N110 is taken and not passed, students can take the other versions to replace grade.

Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit under special circumstances: PS C135/ECON C110,PS W135 and ECON N110 are similar in content. See Restriction Description.

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture and 0-1 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and zero to one hours of discussion per week.

Formerly known as: Economics C110, Political Economy of Industrial Soc C135, Political Science C135

Also listed as: POL SCI C135

Game Theory in the Social Sciences: Read Less [-]

ECON N110 Game Theory in the Social Sciences 4 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2024 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Summer 2022 8 Week Session A non-technical introduction to game theory. Basic principle, and models of interaction among players, with a strong emphasis on applications to political science, economics, and other social sciences. Game Theory in the Social Sciences: Read More [+]

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Economics N110 after completing Economics 104, Political Science C135/Political Economy of Industrial Societies/Economics C110.

Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and One hour of Discussion per week for 15 weeks. Six hours of Lecture per week for 8 weeks.

Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Final exam not required.

Formerly known as: 135

ECON 111 Applied Mechanism Design 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 1974 The course will analyze the roles of individual incentives, target group objectives and outcomes and how they are impacted by group decision making systems. A group decision making system is a way of making group level decisions. We examine this through the lens of game theory and mechanism design and other complementary analytic approaches. For example, we would examine the impact of having alternative election systems. This course draws primarily from microeconomic theory as an anchoring framework to evaluate these systems and individual actions. As with much of behavioral economics where we deal with real complex structures, we borrow from psychology (for behavioral theory) and business and politics (for real world examples). Applied Mechanism Design: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: -Required: Math 1A/1B or equivalent, Econ 1 or equivalent, Stats 20, 21, W21, 88, 131A, or 135 or equivalent -Preferred: (not required but nice to have for background) Econ 100A /101A (Intermediate Micro), Econ 110(Game Theory), Econ 140/141 (Econometrics)

Summer: 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 2-0 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one to zero hours of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and two to zero hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks.

Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Alternate method of final assessment during regularly scheduled final exam group (e.g., presentation, final project, etc.).

Applied Mechanism Design: Read Less [-]

ECON 113 U.S Economic History 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2018, Spring 2017, Spring 2015 A survey of the history of the U.S. economy. Emphasis is on economic events, factors, and explanations, with particular emphasis on economic growth, development, and the distribution of gains and losses associated with growth. A key skill developed during the course is the ability to read, understand, and critique econometric results in current economic history research. U.S Economic History: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Econ 1 or 2 or C3, or EnvEcon C1; Econ 140 or 141 or EnvEcon/ IAS C118

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 113 after completing ECON N113 . A deficient grade in ECON 113 may be removed by taking ECON N113 .

Summer: 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and zero to one hours of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and zero to two hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks.

U.S Economic History: Read Less [-]

ECON N113 U.S Economic History 4 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2010 8 Week Session, Summer 2009 10 Week Session, Summer 2009 8 Week Session A survey of the history of the U.S. economy. Emphasis is on economic events, factors, and explanations, with particular emphasis on economic growth, development, and the distribution of gains and losses associated with growth. A key skill developed during the course is the ability to read, understand, and critique econometric results in current economic history research. U.S Economic History: Read More [+]

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON N113 after completing ECON 113 . A deficient grade in ECON N113 may be removed by taking ECON 113 .

Summer: 8 weeks - 8 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Eight hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks.

ECON 115 The World Economy in the Twentieth Century 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022 Development of the world economic system with particular reference to world-wide trading relationships. This course is equivalent to History 160; students will not receive credit for both courses. The World Economy in the Twentieth Century: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 1 or 2

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 115 after passing History 160.

The World Economy in the Twentieth Century: Read Less [-]

ECON 116 Economic Growth Seminar 4 Units

Terms offered: Prior to 2007 This seminar course will analyze how scholars think about modern economic growth and how people thought about the idea of economics growth before the onset of modern economic growth in the 19th century. Students will read major works by scholars trying to understand economic growth from different perspectives and discuss what these scholars got right and what they got wrong. Economic Growth Seminar: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Economics 100B or 101B

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of seminar per week

Additional Format: Three hours of seminar per week.

Grading/Final exam status: Letter grade. Alternative to final exam.

Economic Growth Seminar: Read Less [-]

ECON 119 Psychology and Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024 This course presents psychological and experimental economics research demonstrating departures from perfect rationality, self-interest, and other classical assumptions of economics and explores ways that these departures can be mathematically modeled and incorporated into mainstream positive and normative economics. The course will focus on the behavioral evidence itself, especially on specific formal assumptions that capture the findings in a way that can be incorporated into economics. The implications of these new assumptions for theoretical and empirical economics will be explored. Psychology and Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A or 101A

Summer: 6 weeks - 8-8 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and zero to one hours of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and zero to two hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Eight hours of lecture and zero to two hours of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Psychology and Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 121 Industrial Organization and Public Policy 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 The organization and structure of production in the U.S. economy. Determinants of market structure, business behavior, and economic performance. Implications for antitrust policy. Industrial Organization and Public Policy: Read More [+]

Summer: 6 weeks - 8-8 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 0-1.5 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and zero to one hours of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and zero to one and one-half hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Eight hours of lecture and zero to two hours of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Industrial Organization and Public Policy: Read Less [-]

ECON 122 Industrial Organization Seminar 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2012, Spring 2010, Spring 2009 Seminar on problems in the field of industrial organization. Seminar paper is required. Industrial Organization Seminar: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 121 and/or consent of instructor

Additional Format: Three hours of Seminar per week for 15 weeks.

Industrial Organization Seminar: Read Less [-]

ECON 123 Government Regulation of Industry 3 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2014, Spring 2014, Spring 2013 Problems of public policy in the field of industrial organization. Analysis of regulatory consequences with particular attention to economic performance. Government Regulation of Industry: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 121

Government Regulation of Industry: Read Less [-]

ECON 124 Special Topics in Industrial Organization 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Spring 2014 Analysis of market structure, conduct and performance in selected industries. See course announcement for current topics. Special Topics in Industrial Organization: Read More [+]

Special Topics in Industrial Organization: Read Less [-]

ECON C125 Environmental Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Spring 2023 Theories of externalities and public goods applied to pollution and environmental policy. Trade-off between production and environmental amenities. Assessing nonmarket value of environmental amenities. Remediation and clean-up policies. Environment and development. Biodiversity management. Environmental Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100, Mathematics 16A-16B, or Economics 100A or 101A

Instructor: Zilberman

Also listed as: ENVECON C101

Environmental Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 127 Antitrust Economics and Law 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2023, Spring 2022 We will study both antitrust law and antitrust economics. Antitrust law governs the accumulation and exercise of market power. It prohibits both monopolization and agreements in unreasonable restraint of trade such as price fixing. It also prohibits anticompetitive mergers and a variety of specific competition problems such as exclusive dealing or tying arrangements. Deciding what qualifies as "monopolization," what qualifies as an "unreasonable restraint of trade," what qualifies as "anticompetitive," and more generally how to interpret the prohibitions of antitrust law invariably involves economic analysis. Such economic analysis commonly goes by the name "antitrust economics". Antitrust Economics and Law: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Intermediate Microeconomics at the level of Economics 100A or 101A is required. Economics 121 is recommended

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion per week.

Antitrust Economics and Law: Read Less [-]

ECON 130 Using Economics for Public Policy 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022 This course explores how economics can be used to understand and evaluate public policies. We will use both economic theory and empirical evidence to study the varying impacts and incentives created by public policies. An emphasis will be placed on the application of economic tools to policy questions. The course will provide an overview of key research in several policy areas, including inequality and opportunity, the social safety net, education , criminal justice, tax policy, climate change and the environment, health care, and structural barriers to racial equity. The course will also provide an introduction to empirical techniques common in economics and policy analysis, including regression, cost-benefit analysis, and causal inference. Using Economics for Public Policy: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Economics 1 or 2

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture and 1-1 hours of discussion per week

Using Economics for Public Policy: Read Less [-]

ECON 131 Public Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 This course focuses on the role of the government in the economy from a theoretical and empirical perspective. The aim of the course is to provide an understanding of the reasons for government intervention in the economy, analyzing the merits of possible government policies, and the response of economic agents to the government's actions. The course covers the analysis of tax policy, social insurance programs, public goods, environmental protection , and the interaction between different levels of government. Special emphasis is set on current government policy issues such as social security reform, income tax reform, and budget deficits. Public Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A-100B or 101A-101B

Summer: 6 weeks - 7.5-7.5 hours of lecture and 0-2.5 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 5.5-6 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and zero to one hours of discussion per week. Five and one-half to six hours of lecture and zero to two hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Seven and one-half hours of lecture and zero to two and one-half hours of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Public Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 132 Seminar in Public Sector Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2015, Fall 2014, Fall 2013 Enrollment will be limited. A seminar paper is required. Seminar in Public Sector Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 131 and/or consent of instructor

Seminar in Public Sector Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 133 Global Inequality and Growth 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Fall 2022, Spring 2022 This course provides an introduction to the analysis of economic inequalities and the interplay between inequality and economic growth. It focuses on three sets of core questions: 1) How does inequality evolve over the path of development? 2) What are the theories that can explain the degree of economic inequalities and its dynamic? 3) How do policies affect inequalities, and what types of policies can foster equitable growth? The course addresses these issues from a global and historical perspective: it comprehensively deals with the United States today, but also with inequality in China, India, Latin America, and Europe, as far back as 1700. Global Inequality and Growth: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Economics 1

Summer: 6 weeks - 10 hours of lecture and 0 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 0 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and zero hour of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Ten hours of lecture and zero hour of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Instructor: Zucman

Global Inequality and Growth: Read Less [-]

ECON 134 Macroeconomic Policy from the Great Depression to Today 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2023 This course will analyze the macroeconomic challenges and policy responses in the United States over the past century. Among the key topics studied are the Great Depression and the New Deal; boom and bust monetary and fiscal policy in the early post-World War II period; the Volcker disinflation and the Great Moderation; and the 2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession. Macroeconomic Policy from the Great Depression to Today: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Econ 100B or 101B; and Econ 140 or 141 or EnvEcon/ IAS C118

Instructor: Romer

Macroeconomic Policy from the Great Depression to Today: Read Less [-]

ECON 135 Economic Growth in Historical Perspective 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022 This course examines the idea and reality of economic growth in historical perspective, beginning with the divergence between human ancestors and other primates and continuing through with forecasts for the 21st century and beyond. Topics covered include human speciation, language, and sociability; the discovery of agriculture and the domestication of animals; the origins and maintenance of gross inequality; Malthusian economies; the Commercial and Industrial Revolutions; modern economic growth; international prosperity differentials; OECD convergence and East Asian miracles; the political economy of growth and stagnation; and the stubborn persistence of poverty. Economic Growth in Historical Perspective: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Required: Econ 100B or Econ 101B, and Mathematics 1A or 16A, and Mathematics 1B or 16B Recommended: Data Science 8, or equivalent

Economic Growth in Historical Perspective: Read Less [-]

ECON 136 Financial Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 First 6 Week Session, Spring 2024 Analysis of financial assets and institutions. The course emphasizes modern asset valuation theory and the role of financial intermediaries, and their regulation, in the financial system. Financial Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A or 101A, and one semester of statistics

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for 136 after taking Undergraduate Business Administration 103. Students intending on majoring in Business should not take 136.

Financial Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON N136 Financial Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2009 10 Week Session, Summer 2009 8 Week Session, Summer 2008 8 Week Session Analysis of financial assets and institutions. The course emphasizes modern asset valuation theory and the role of financial intermediaries, and their regulation, in the financial system. Financial Economics: Read More [+]

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and One hour of Discussion per week for 15 weeks. Eight hours of Lecture per week for 8 weeks.

ECON 138 Financial and Behavioral Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2023, Spring 2022, Spring 2021 This course is an advanced class in Financial Economics. Topics include moral hazard (principal-agent problems, free cash flow), asymmetric Information (security issurance, dividends), mergers and acquisitions (theory, managerial incentives), corporate governance (separation of ownership and control, internal capital markets, superstar CEOs), corporate fraud (earnings manipulations). This class emphasizes the economic underpinning of financial decision-making and is mathematically and technically demanding. You will be required to do some empirical homework using STATA. Financial and Behavioral Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A or 101A, and Statistics 20, 21, or 25 or any upper division statistics course

Summer: 6 weeks - 7.5 hours of lecture and 0-2.5 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 0-1.5 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and Zero to One hour of Discussion per week for 15 weeks. Six hours of Lecture and Zero to One and one-half hours of Discussion per week for 8 weeks. Seven and one-half hours of Lecture and Zero to Two and one-half hours of Discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Financial and Behavioral Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 139 Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2023, Spring 2023, Fall 2022 This undergraduate elective focuses on financial economics, with specific emphasis on asset pricing and the valuation of risky cash flows. After developing and studying the details of consumer decision-making under uncertainty, we use this general framework as a basis for understanding both equilibrium and no-arbitrage theories of securities pricing, including traditional models like the capital asset pricing model and newer Arrow-Debreu theories. Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Students need a basic understanding of the principles of microeconomic theory. Some exposure to linear algebra, probability and statistics is helpful. Required courses: Economics 100A/101A, or equivalent. Recommended courses: Math 54 (linear algebra half), Statistics 20, or equivalent

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture per week.

Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice: Read Less [-]

ECON 140 Econometrics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024 This course provides an introduction to statistical and estimation analysis of economic data, also known as “Econometrics”. It covers topics such as the linear regression model and its estimator, Ordinary Least Squares, as well as extensions such as Instrumental Variables models, panel data models, and time series models. Topics covered in this course are similar to those in 141. Econometrics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Econ 1 or 2 or equivalent, Stats 20, 21, W21, 88, 131A, or 135 or equivalent

Credit Restrictions: Students will not receive credit for 140 after taking 141.

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 1.5 hours of discussion per week

Summer: 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 3 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and One and one-half hours of Discussion per week for 15 weeks. Six hours of Lecture and Three hours of Discussion per week for 8 weeks.

Econometrics: Read Less [-]

ECON 141 Econometrics (Math Intensive) 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 This course provides an introduction to statistical and estimation analysis of economic data, also known as “Econometrics”. It covers topics such as the linear regression model and its estimator, Ordinary Least Squares, as well as extensions such as Instrumental Variables models, panel data models, and time series models. While topics covered in this course are similar to those in 140, the treatment in this course is more theoretical and more mathematical. Econometrics (Math Intensive): Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Econ 1 or 2 or equivalent, Stats 20, 21, W21, 88, 131A, or 135 or equivalent, Math 53 and 54 or equivalent

Credit Restrictions: Students will not receive credit for 141 after taking 140.

Summer: 8 weeks - 4 hours of lecture and 3 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and One and one-half hours of Discussion per week for 15 weeks. Four hours of Lecture and Three hours of Discussion per week for 8 weeks.

Econometrics (Math Intensive): Read Less [-]

ECON C142 Applied Econometrics and Public Policy 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2021, Fall 2020, Spring 2020 This course focuses on the sensible application of econometric methods to empirical problems in economics and public policy analysis. It provides background on issues that arise when analyzing non-experimental social science data and a guide for tools that are useful for empirical research. By the end of the course, students will have an understanding of the types of research designs that can lead to convincing analysis and be comfortable working with large scale data sets. Applied Econometrics and Public Policy: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 140 or 141 or consent of instructor

Credit Restrictions: Students who completed Econ C142 receive no credit for Econ N142.

Also listed as: POL SCI C131A/PUB POL C142

Applied Econometrics and Public Policy: Read Less [-]

ECON 143 Econometrics: Advanced Methods and Applications 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022 This course introduces selected advanced data analysis and inference methods appropriate for economic data. Methods are taught in tandem with real world applications as encountered in policy analysis, industry and consulting work. Equal weight is given to theoretical development, computation and application. Exact topics and applications may vary across offerings. ECON C142 and 143 may be taken independently or together in any order. Econometrics: Advanced Methods and Applications: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: (i) A first course in econometrics, intermediate statistics or intermediate data science (Ec 140, Ec 141, ENVECON C118 , DATA C100 or STAT 135 ); (ii) Linear algebra (Math 54, Stat 89A or EECS 16A ). (iii) Exposure to economic theory at an intermediate level (e.g., Ec 100A, 101A etc.) is preferred, but not required. Prior exposure to scientific computing is also helpful, but not required

Econometrics: Advanced Methods and Applications: Read Less [-]

ECON 144 Empirical Asset Pricing 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024 This undergraduate elective is designed for undergraduates in Economics, Statistics, Mathematics, Data Science, and IEOR who are interested in financial economics and econometric methods as applied to financial data. After reviewing important econometric concepts, the course will discuss the short-run time series behavior of stock prices and present the evidence on short- and long-run predictability of stock returns. We will then consider cross-sectional models and static equilibrium theory, including the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory, and intertemporal equilibrium models, including Arrow-Debreu pricing theory and the consumption-based CAPM. Finally, the course will introduce models of volatility and correlation. Empirical Asset Pricing: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Students need a basic understanding of the principles of econometrics. Some exposure to probability and statistics is helpful. Required courses: Economics 140/141, or equivalent

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3-3 hours of lecture per week

Summer: 8 weeks - 8-8 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture per week. Eight hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks.

Empirical Asset Pricing: Read Less [-]

ECON C147 Algorithmic Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024 The class provides an introduction to algorithmic questions in economic design. The class will cover problems of public goods and social choice, as well as allocative questions and private consumption. The focus is on normative questions: From the perspective of social goals, these are efficiency, fairness, and equity. In terms of private goals, the focus is on revenue maximization. The course will cover voting, fair division, pricing and market mechanisms. There is an emphasis on the algorithmic questions that arise naturally in economic design. Algorithmic Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Students should be comfortable with formal mathematical proofs, and will be expected to write proofs on their own

Also listed as: COMPSCI C177

Algorithmic Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 148 Data Science for Economists 4 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2024 First 6 Week Session, Spring 2024, Summer 2023 First 6 Week Session This course will give the undergraduate student the basic computational building blocks needed to be a good consumer and producer of applied economics work. Students will work to acquire data through APIs, access census data, or download from replication repositories. The course will cover wrangling data, working with incomplete or unstructured data, joining and merging data, exploratory data analysis and data visualization. The course will cover many aspects of preparing data for econometric analysis. Practices around literate code, open science tools, reproducibility, and data management will also be covered. Data Science for Economists: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Data Science C8/Computer Science C8/Info C8/Statistics C8 or Statistics 20; familiarity with Python recommended

Summer: 6 weeks - 10 hours of lecture and 0 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion per week. Ten hours of lecture and zero hour of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Data Science for Economists: Read Less [-]

ECON 151 Labor Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Summer 2022 First 6 Week Session This course provides a general overview of labor markets primarily in the U.S., using the theoretical and empirical tools of modern economics. Topics include labor force participation, the allocation of time to market work, migration, labor demand and monopsony, investment in human capital like education and on-the-job training, race and gender and discrimination, labor unions, and unemployment. The course will also examine the impacts on work and well-being of government programs such as unemployment insurance, minimum wages, and a negative income tax like the modern earned income credit. Labor Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A or 101A, or consent of instructor

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 151 after completing ECON 152 . A deficient grade in ECON 151 may be removed by taking ECON 152 .

Summer: 6 weeks - 7.5 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture per week. Six hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks. Seven and one-half hours of lecture per week for 6 weeks.

Labor Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 152 Wage Theory and Policy 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2021, Spring 2020, Spring 2019 This course focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of wage and employment determination in the labor market. In addition, the role of public policy in affecting wage and employment outcomes in the U.S. labor market is examined. Topics include labor supply, labor demand, minimum wages, the economics of education and training, discrimination and the impact of antidiscrimination programs, changes in wage inequality over time, immigration , unions, unemployment, and poverty. Wage Theory and Policy: Read More [+]

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON 152 after completing ECON 151 . A deficient grade in ECON 152 may be removed by taking ECON 151 .

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture per week. Six hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks.

Wage Theory and Policy: Read Less [-]

ECON 153 Labor Economics Seminar 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2015, Fall 2014, Fall 2006 Topics in labor economics. Seminar paper required. Labor Economics Seminar: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 140 or 141, and 151 or 152 and consent of instructor

Labor Economics Seminar: Read Less [-]

ECON 154 Economics of Discrimination 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2018, Spring 2016, Spring 2014 Starting from Becker's classic book on the economics of discrimination, this course will focus on issues of difference and discrimination accociated with race, gender, or nation of birth, focusing particularly on credit and housing markets, education, and health care. The course looks carefully at the ways in which econometrics is used to address questions of discrimination. Economics of Discrimination: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 140 or 141

Economics of Discrimination: Read Less [-]

ECON 155 Urban Economics 3 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Spring 2023 Application of economic theory to urban problems. Topics covered include location theory, housing, transportation, and the fiscal problems of city government. Urban Economics: Read More [+]

Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture per week. Six hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks. Eight hours of lecture per week for 6 weeks.

Urban Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 155A Cities and Public Policy 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2022, Spring 2022 This is an advanced course considering the economic forces governing cities and a host of attendant public policy issues. Topics covered will include theory and evidence on sources of agglomeration economies and urban growth, housing markets, segregation, neighborhood effects, and place-based policies. Cities and Public Policy: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Intermediate microeconomics (Economics 100A or Economics 101A) and econometrics (Economics 140 or Economics 141)

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Economics 155A after taking Economics 155.

Instructor: Kline

Cities and Public Policy: Read Less [-]

ECON 157 Health Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Spring 2024, Summer 2023 8 Week Session An economic analysis of policies and institutions in the U.S. health care sector. Topics covered include the supply and demand for health services, conceptual and policy issues relating to the provision of health insurance, and economic analysis of efficient regulatory policies toward the health care sector. Health Economics: Read More [+]

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 3 hours of lecture and 0 hours of discussion per week

Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture and 0 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and zero hour of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and zero to two hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Eight hours of lecture and zero hour of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Health Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 161 Economics of Transition: Eastern Europe 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2016, Spring 2015, Fall 2009 Economic behavior under socialism; socialism vs. capitalism. Transition challenges. Stylized facts of transition. Political economy of reform strategies. Liberalization and the macroeconomic environment. Privatization policies and enterprise restructuring. Legal reform, institutional change, and variation in economic performance across countries. Foreign trade and enlargement of the European Union to transition countries. The Washington consensus , transition, and the institutions of capitalism. Economics of Transition: Eastern Europe: Read More [+]

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture per week for 15 weeks. Six hours of Lecture per week for 8 weeks.

Economics of Transition: Eastern Europe: Read Less [-]

ECON 162 The Chinese Economy 3 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 First 6 Week Session, Fall 2023 The Chinese economy, its institutions, reform and transition to the market, and development. The Chinese Economy: Read More [+]

Summer: 6 weeks - 7.5 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 5.5 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture per week. Five and one-half hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks. Seven and one-half hours of lecture per week for 6 weeks.

The Chinese Economy: Read Less [-]

ECON 165 Money and Banking 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024 This course explores money, financial institutions, markets, central banking, and the interactions between these topics. The aim of the course is to help students answer important questions like: what is money? What are banks? What are central banks and monetary policy? What are interest rates? What is crypto currency? What determines the price of goods and services? What the causes and consequences of financial crises? Money and Banking: Read More [+]

Money and Banking: Read Less [-]

ECON C171 Development Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Fall 2022 This course covers theory and empirical evidence on the determinants of economic development and the global fight against poverty. The course aims to introduce students to modern empirical research methods that are being used to inform policy making in developing countries. Students also learn how to implement these tools themselves using real-world data sets and widely used statistical software for impact evaluatio n. Development Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: EnvEcon 100 or Econ 100A or 101A; Econ 140 or 141 or EnvEcon/ IAS C118

Summer: 6 weeks - 8 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6 hours of lecture and 2 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of Lecture and One hour of Discussion per week for 15 weeks. Six hours of Lecture and Two hours of Discussion per week for 8 weeks. Eight hours of Lecture and Two hours of Discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Also listed as: ENVECON C151

Development Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON N171 Economic Development 4 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2015 10 Week Session, Summer 2015 8 Week Session, Summer 2012 8 Week Session Problems of underdevelopment and poverty, policy issues, and development strategy. Economic Development: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A or 101A or Environmental Economics and Policy 100

Summer: 8 weeks - 8 hours of lecture and 0 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Eight hours of lecture and zero hour of discussion per week for 8 weeks.

Economic Development: Read Less [-]

ECON 172 Case Studies in Economic Development 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2023, Spring 2022, Spring 2021 This course focuses on the process of economic development and growth from a theoretical and empirical perspective. The aim of the course is to provide an understanding of the patterns of socioeconomic development in a selected geographic region (e.g., Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, South Asia). The course covers trends in comparative global development, theories of economic growth, and the roles of public health, human capital, climate change, political institutions, and historical factors in shaping contemporary economic outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Special emphasis is given to applying the econometric methods used to evaluate public policies and anti-poverty interventions. Case Studies in Economic Development: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A

Repeat rules: Course may be repeated for credit with instructor consent.

Case Studies in Economic Development: Read Less [-]

ECON 173 Economic Development Seminar 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2010, Fall 2009, Spring 2009 A seminar paper will be required. Economic Development Seminar: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 171 or 172 and consent of instructor

Economic Development Seminar: Read Less [-]

ECON 174 Global Poverty and Impact Evaluation 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 There are a countless number of potential policies and programs to address the causes and consequences of poverty. However, how should one determine which of these is actually effective in improving the lives of the poor? This course explores a variety of empirical tools to rigorously measure the impact of development programs. Through weekly case studies of field research, students will learn impact evaluation theory and methods, and apply them to concrete examples from the development literature. Global Poverty and Impact Evaluation: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Econ 100A or 101A or 100B or 101B; and Econ 140 or 141 or EnvEcon/ IAS C118

Instructor: Miguel

Global Poverty and Impact Evaluation: Read Less [-]

ECON C175 Economic Demography 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022 A general introduction to economic demography, addressing the following kinds of questions: What are the economic consequences of immigration to the U.S.? Will industrial nations be able to afford the health and pension costs of the aging populations? How has the size of the baby boom affected its economic well being? Why has fertility been high in Third World countries? In industrial countries, why is marriage postponed, divorce high, fertility so low, and extramarital fertility rising? What are the economic and environmental consequences of rapid population growth? Economic Demography: Read More [+]

Summer: 6 weeks - 7.5-7.5 hours of lecture and 0-2.5 hours of discussion per week 8 weeks - 6-6 hours of lecture and 0-2 hours of discussion per week

Additional Format: Three hours of lecture and zero to one hours of discussion per week. Six hours of lecture and zero to two hours of discussion per week for 8 weeks. Seven and one-half hours of lecture and zero to two and one-half hours of discussion per week for 6 weeks.

Instructor: Lee

Formerly known as: Demography C175, Economics C175

Also listed as: DEMOG C175

Economic Demography: Read Less [-]

ECON N175 Economic Demography 3 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2013 10 Week Session, Summer 2013 8 Week Session A general introduction to economic demography, addressing the following kinds of questions: What are the economic consequences of immigration to the U.S.? Will industrial nations be able to afford the health and pension costs of the aging populations? How has the size of the baby boom affected its economic well being? Why has fertility been high in Third World countries? In industrial countries, why is marriage postponed , divorce high, fertility so low, and extramarital fertility rising? What are the economic and environmental consequences of rapid population growth? Economic Demography: Read More [+]

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Economics N175 after taking Economics C175/Demography C175; Economics 175/Demography 175. A deficient grade in Economics C175/Demography C175 may be removed by taking Economics N175.

Additional Format: Six hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks.

ECON C181 International Trade 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 The theory of international trade and its applications to tariff protection. This course is equivalent to UGBA 118 ; students will not receive credit for both courses. International Trade: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Economics100A-100B or Economics 101A-101B

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for ECON C181 / ENVECON C181 after passing ECON 181, ECON N181 or UGBA 118 . A deficient grade in ECON 181, or ECON N181 may be removed by taking ECON C181 / ENVECON C181 .

Also listed as: ENVECON C181

International Trade: Read Less [-]

ECON N181 International Trade 4 Units

Terms offered: Summer 2018 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2017 First 6 Week Session, Summer 2016 First 6 Week Session The theory of international trade and its applications to tariff protection. International Trade: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Economics 100A-100B or Economics 101A-101B

Credit Restrictions: Students will receive no credit for Economics N181 after passing Economics 181 or Economics C181/Environmental Economics C181. A deficient grade in Economics 181, Economics C181/Environment Economics C181 may be removed by taking Economics N181.

Summer: 6 weeks - 10 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 8 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Eight hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks. Ten hours of lecture per week for 6 weeks.

ECON 182 International Monetary Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2021, Spring 2021, Fall 2020 The balance of payments, the determination of the trade balance and income under fixed and floating exchange rates, money and prices in open economies, the internationalization of financial markets and its implications, international macroeconomic interdependence, capital flows, and the determination of the exchange rate. International Monetary Economics: Read More [+]

Summer: 8 weeks - 7.5 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: Seven and one half hours of lecture/discussion per week for eight weeks.

International Monetary Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 183 International Economic Seminar 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2022, Spring 2021, Spring 2020 This small seminar course is designed to introduce students to a set of current policy controversies in international economics and provide an opportunity for them to apply to these policy debates the analytical tools encountered in previous courses (such as Economics 100B or 101B). Students will make a class presentation, write several short papers, as well as submitting a final paper. International Economic Seminar: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Economics 100B or 101B or consent of instructor

International Economic Seminar: Read Less [-]

ECON C184 International Environmental Economics 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2023, Fall 2022, Fall 2021 This course studies the following question:How should policymakers and scholars design and analyze environmental policy in a globalized world where much economic activity and pollution crosses political borders? The course addresses issues including climate change, air and water pollution, deforestation, species extinction, and others. The course also analyzes a variety of ways that countries and regions interact, including trade, foreign direct investment, outsourcing, international agreements and treaties, and others. The course also teaches a range of tools used to analyze these issues, including life-cycle(also called environmental footprint) analysis, simple econometrics, environmental market design, non-market valuation, and the data. International Environmental Economics: Read More [+]

Objectives & Outcomes

Course Objectives: 1. Develop a strong grasp of the main debates and ideas involving international environmental economics 2. Learn to interpret, apply, and critically assess methods used to study international environmental economic issues 3. Build skills in reading basic economic writing involving these issues, including an understanding of their evidence and conclusions, and ability to critically evaluate the basis for these conclusion

Student Learning Outcomes: 1. A strong grasp of the main scholarly debates and ideas involving international environmental economics 2. The ability to interpret and critically assess methods used to study international environmental economic issues, including: life-cycle analysis and input-output tables; simple econometric estimates; the design of environmental policy; non-market valuation; and the use of remote sensing (satellite) data The ability to read basic empirical environmental economics papers, understand their evidence and conclusions, and critically evaluate the basis for these conclusions

Prerequisites: ENVECON 100 , ECON 101a, ECON 100a or or equivalent

Instructor: Shapiro

Also listed as: ENVECON C132

International Environmental Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON C188 Advanced Topics in International Economics 3 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024 Globalization and its consequences have interested economists and the public since Adam Smith and David Ricardo. However, the nature of the global economy has changed dramatically over time. Paraphrasing Ricardo’s famous example, “it’s not wine for cloth anymore.” This course will introduce a modern view on international trade focusing on firms as vehicles of trade. We will study key theoretical models of New Trade Theory and apply them to understand the consequences of a range of trade policies from the recent past, such the NAFTA agreement and China’s entry to the WTO. We will combine theoretical models, empirical econometric tools, and data to understand the impacts of trade and offshoring on trade flows,aggregate welfare,and inequality Advanced Topics in International Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: • Microeconomics (Envecon100, Econ100 or Econ101A): required • Econometrics (EnveconC118, Econ140 or Econ141): required but can be taken concurrently • International TradeEnvecon/EconC181): optional. This course is complementary to C181; a few extra readings will be provided to students who have not taken that class; • Students should have a basic knowledge of calculus (roughly at the level of Mathematics 16A and 16B) and be comfortable understanding mathematical arguments

Instructor: Borusyak

Also listed as: ENVECON C188

Advanced Topics in International Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 191 Topics in Economic Research 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 This course discusses recent research and policy developments. The core objective is to expose students to different aspects of research in economics. A sequence of five different frontier research topics are studied in depth each semester. Each topic lasts three weeks, during which students will familiarize themselves with cutting-edge economic research and methodology. Students will then develop their own research ideas and write two medium- size research papers. Topics in Economic Research: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: 100A or 100B

Topics in Economic Research: Read Less [-]

ECON H195A Senior Honors Thesis 1 - 3 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Fall 2023, Fall 2022 Preparation for writing a thesis, finding and organizing a topic, gathering data and getting started. H195A is not prerequisite to H195B. Senior Honors Thesis: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Senior honors candidates only (students with major GPA of 3.50 or better or permission of instructor.)

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of independent study per week

Summer: 6 weeks - 1-5 hours of independent study per week 8 weeks - 1-4 hours of independent study per week

Senior Honors Thesis: Read Less [-]

ECON H195AS Senior Honors Thesis 1 - 3 Units

Terms offered: Prior to 2007 Preparation and writing of an honors thesis under the supervision of a member of the faculty. H195AS is not a prerequisite to H195BS. Senior Honors Thesis: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Senior honors candidates only, with major GPA of 3.5 or better. Permission of undergraduate adviser

Summer: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of independent study per week

Additional Format: One to three hours of independent study per week.

Grading/Final exam status: Offered for pass/not pass grade only. Final exam required.

ECON H195B Senior Honors Thesis 1 - 3 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Spring 2023, Spring 2022 Writing a thesis under the supervision of a faculty member. Applications and details through the departmental undergraduate office. H195A is not prerequisite to H195B. Senior Honors Thesis: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Senior honors candidates only (students with major GPA of 3.50 or better or permission of undergraduate adviser)

ECON H195BS Senior Honors Thesis 1 - 3 Units

Terms offered: Prior to 2007 Preparation and writing of an honors thesis under the supervision of a member of the faculty. Senior Honors Thesis: Read More [+]

Summer: 15 weeks - 1-3 hours of seminar per week

Additional Format: Hours to be arranged, dependent upon unit value. Seminar.

ECON 196 Special Topics in Economics 1 - 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Fall 2023, Spring 2019 Study in various fields of economics. Topics will vary from semester to semester and will be announced at the beginning of each semester. Special Topics in Economics: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Upper division standing or consent of instructor

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-4 hours of lecture per week

Summer: 6 weeks - 2.5-10 hours of lecture per week 8 weeks - 1.5-7.5 hours of lecture per week

Additional Format: One to four hours of lecture per week. One and one-half to seven and one-half hours of lecture per week for 8 weeks. Two and one-half to ten hours of lecture per week for 6 weeks.

Special Topics in Economics: Read Less [-]

ECON 197 Field Studies 1 - 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Summer 2024 8 Week Session, Summer 2024 Second 6 Week Session Written proposal must be approved by Department Chair. Supervised field studies in economics. Projects may be initiated by the students. Field Studies: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Upper-division standing

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-4 hours of independent study per week

Summer: 6 weeks - 1-5 hours of independent study per week 8 weeks - 1-4 hours of independent study per week 10 weeks - 1.5-6 hours of independent study per week

Field Studies: Read Less [-]

ECON 198 Directed Group Study 1 - 4 Units

Terms offered: Fall 2024, Spring 2024, Fall 2023 Written proposal must be approved by Department Chair. Seminars for the group study of selected topics, which will vary from year to year. Topics may be initiated by students. Directed Group Study: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Upper-division standing and consent of instructor

ECON 199 Supervised Independent Study and Research 1 - 4 Units

Terms offered: Spring 2024, Summer 2023 8 Week Session, Summer 2023 Second 6 Week Session Written proposal must be approved by Department Chair. Enrollment is restricted. Supervised Independent Study and Research: Read More [+]

Prerequisites: Consent of Instructor

Fall and/or spring: 15 weeks - 1-2 hours of independent study per week

Additional Format: One to two hours of independent study per week. One and one-half to six hours of independent study per week for 10 weeks. One to four hours of independent study per week for 8 weeks. One to five hours of independent study per week for 6 weeks.

Supervised Independent Study and Research: Read Less [-]

Contact Information

Department of economics | main office.

530 Evans Hall

Phone: 510-642-0822

Fax: 510-642-6615

[email protected]

Department Chair

Andres Rodriguez-Clare

609 Evans Hall

[email protected]

Undergraduate Chair

Demian Pouzo

663 Evans Hall

Phone: 510-642-6709

[email protected]

Director of Student Services

Michelle Fong

551 Evans Hall

[email protected]

Assistant Director, Undergraduate Student Services

Carlos Garcia

533 Evans Hall

Undergraduate Advisor

Mildred Flores

539 Evans Hall

Ashley Vera

Trinh Nguyen

535 Evans Hall

Dinko Lakic

Assistant Director, Course Management

Isabel Burle

545 Evans Hall

[email protected]

Curriculum and Enrollment Coordinator

Blair Van Tassel

[email protected]

Assistant Director, Graduate Student Services

Janene Carol Vernard

Phone: (510) 642-6172

[email protected]

Print Options

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Agricultural & Resource Economics PhD

The Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics offers programs leading to PhD degrees. Due to quota limitations, students are rarely admitted for the master's degree, although it may be awarded to students who are pursuing work toward the PhD in our program (or in another field at Berkeley) after fulfillment of the appropriate MS requirements.

The Agricultural and Resource Economics Program is relatively flexible; however, the program stresses economic theory, quantitative methods, and two elective fields defined in consultation with the graduate adviser. Some common elective fields include development economics, natural resource or environmental economics, agricultural policy, and international markets and trade.

Contact Info

[email protected]

207 Giannini Hall

Berkeley, CA 94720

At a Glance

Department(s)

Agricultural & Resource Econonomics

Admit Term(s)

Application Deadline

December 1, 2023

Degree Type(s)

Doctoral / PhD

Degree Awarded

GRE Requirements

Berkeley TECHVocacy 2024: Emerging Tech Advocacy Summit

Every emerging tech (e.g., the internet, crypto, AI, AV) seems to start in an adversarial posture with policymakers and the public. Does it have to be this way?

Join us on Monday, May 13th, for this pioneering event, co-sponsored by the  Berkeley Center for Law and Business ,  Haas Business School Entrepreneurship Program , and the Berkeley Center for Responsible Decentralized Intelligence with support from Berkeley Space Center . Our inaugural TECHVocacy 2024: Emerging Tech Advocacy Summit aims to reboot the advocacy landscape for emerging technologies.

Keynote Speaker:

Incoming Chancellor of UC Berkeley; formerly, Associate Vice Chancellor for Innovation & Entrepreneurship, UC Berkeley

Our innovative summit structure throws away the long-winded panels playbook. We will train emerging tech startup founders, and the advisors/lawyers who represent them, on how to effectively and authentically advocate for themselves to policymakers and the public.  

• 6 curated speakers who will each do a 6-min lightning talk, followed by an expert panel of facilitators who will guide a discussion on what made the speakers effective, and which traps they did not fall into when talking to policymaker and general public audiences.
• Real-time media training demos to showcase the challenges of communicating technical ideas effectively and empathetically.

Our speakers’ experience include government service in the White House, Congress, and federal and state agencies, as well as in-house experience leading public policy efforts at tech companies that have dominated headlines in the past.  Our media trainers have extensive experience as on-camera reporters and prepping senior executives at major multinational tech companies.

This full day in-person only event will be hosted at the Haas Spieker Forum on the UC Berkeley campus.  The event is free, but space is limited. Advance registration is required and will be reviewed by the organizers.  

Confirmed speakers and facilitators

Brandon Borrman , VP of Global Comms at Mozilla, former VP of Global Comms at Twitter

Ben Brooks , Global Head of Public Policy at Stability AI

Darek DeFreece ,  Founder of Berkeley Space Center, Regent Emeritus, University of California

Lauren DiGeronimo , Managing Director at TrailRunner International

David Caragliano , Global Head for Ads Safety at Google

Betsy Cooper , Director of the Aspen Tech Policy Hub, former U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Zachary Fallon , Partner at Ketsal, former U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Stavros Gadinis , Professor of Law, UC Berkeley School of Law

Anne-Marie Kelley , Partner at Mercury Strategies, former U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, former U.S. Senate

Avy Mallik , General Counsel of California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, former U.S. House of Representatives

Vignesh Ram , Vice President Public Policy at Serve Robotics

Jennifer Sanasie , Anchor and Producer at CoinDesk

Sheila Warren , CEO of Crypto Council of Innovation, former Head of Data, Blockchain, and Digital Assets at World Economic Forum

JoAnn Yamani , VP of Communications & Marketing at Adeia, former Congressional Counsel at U.S. Congress

Interested in being a sponsor? Contact us [email protected] .  

Organizing Committee:

Karin Bauer , Program Director, Berkeley Center for Responsible, Decentralized Intelligence (RDI)

Angeli Patel , Executive Director, Berkeley Center for Law and Business, former White House Office of Management and Budget, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Rhonda Shrader, Executive Director, Berkeley-Haas Entrepreneurship Program

Hermine Wong, Lecturer, UC Berkeley Law School, former U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, White House Office of Management and Budget, U.S. Department of State

Program Details

Emerging/disruptive tech startup founders, startup executives, investors, in-house counsel, and students. 

A summit that trains emerging/disruptive tech startups founders and those who advise and counsel them to set themselves apart as trusted resources in conversations with policymakers and the general public.

9:00 AM –  Registration

9:30 AM –  Welcome Remarks / Setting Forth the Problem Statement

9:45AM – 10:30 AM Session 1: Internet/Social Media

10:45 AM – 11:30 AM Session 2: Crypto/web3

11:30 AM – 1:00 PM KEYNOTE REMARKS (with lunch)

1:00 PM – 1:45 PM Session 3: AI/4th Industrial Revolution

2:30 PM – 3:30 PM  Media Training for Tech Founders/Lawyers

3:30 PM – 3:45 PM   Closing Remarks

3:45 PM – 5:00 PM  Networking Session (w/appetizers & bar)

PPPE7319 - Economics of Education

PPPE 7319 ( ECON 6336 ) Economics of Education (3 semester credit hours) This seminar examines theoretical and empirical writings relating to educational policy. The issues considered will include the link between educational achievement and earnings, the role of early childhood, assessments of head start and pre-school programs, the effectiveness of compensatory education and tutoring programs, the large and persistent achievement gap between children from minority and low-income families and those from middle-income Asian and white families, a critical examination of educational production functions, the extent and consequences of school segregation, bilingual education programs, special education programs, international comparisons of student achievement and schools, school finance and an examination of various school reform proposals. (3-0) R

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Master of Public Administration

• Graduate Programs |

Choose to make a difference.

The Master of Public Administration degree will provide you with the applied skills needed to succeed in today’s workforce. You will be prepared to lead and grow in your career through a solid grounding in the study of public policy, economics, management and data analysis.

MPA Program Modalities

Mpa core curriculum.

The MPA curriculum is 52 total credit hours. Core coursework (32 credit hours) is designed to provide students a solid grounding in the study of public policy, economics, management and data analysis. MPA students often complete core coursework during the first year of study. During year two, students are able to specialize coursework through skills courses, electives and a Capstone course . (Courses may not be offered every term.)

Explore Sample Course Syllabi

Find More Curriculum Information on the MPA Advising Page

Public Policy Stream

PUBAFRS 6000 – Public Policy Formulation and Implementation

Analysis of the operating environment of the public administrator: public policy processes, public organization behavior and policy formulation in the U.S. federal system.

PUBAFRS 6010 – Legal Environment of Public Organizations

Examination of public administration within the managerial, political and legal traditions of the U.S. Constitution with the goal of teaching public managers how to work with the law through an understanding of legal concepts, jargon, skills and issues. The course covers federal and Ohio law

Economics Stream

PUBAFRS 6030 – Public Sector Economics

Economic analysis applied to problems of public policy selection and government management operations; efficiency criteria, market failure and public choice applied to administrative decision-making.

PUBAFRS 6040 – Public Budgeting and Finance

Comprehensive survey and analysis of the principal fiscal activities of contemporary governments; logic of public-sector activity; taxation principles and practice, intergovernmental relations and current fiscal problems. Budgeting as analysis of resource allocation, planning evaluation and control; tools of analysis for program budgeting and measurement of program results; case studies. Prerequisite: PUBAFRS 6030

Management Stream

PUBAFRS 6060 – Managing Human Resources in Public Organizations

Development of analytic and interpersonal skills needed for public sector management. Analytical and experiential learning through reading, lecture, discussion, case analysis, in-class presentations, management decision-making simulations and role-playing.

Choose one:

• PUBAFRS 6050 – Managing Public Sector Organizations Analysis of alternative approaches to the management of public agencies. Examination of alternative strategies that managers may use to link the agency to its operating environment.
• PUBAFRS 7553 - Nonprofit Management and Governance  An advanced survey course on nonprofit management and governance, with a concentrated focus on managing the external environment and evaluating nonprofit capacity for organizational performance and social impact.

Decisions Support Systems Stream

PUBAFRS 6070 – Public Affairs Statistics

Techniques and statistics used in the analysis of public policy issues and problems

PUBAFRS 6080 – Public Affairs Program Evaluation

Survey of the conceptual, methodological, bureaucratic, political and organizational issues surrounding evaluation research. Prerequisite: PUBAFRS 6070

Delivery, Preparation and Work Experience

Program delivery.

This accredited master's degree program is now offered in-person and online. 

• In-Person: No more than one core or elective course can be taken online per term. Availability of online coursework is not guaranteed.
• Online: Majority of coursework must be completed online. 

Learn more about the MPA-DC program.

Sample 2-Year, Full-Time Program Plan

This is a sample plan. Courses and timing are subject to change.

• PUBAFRS 6000: Public Policy Formulation and Implementation (4)
• PUBAFRS 6030: Public Sector Economics (4)
• PUBAFRS 6070: Public Affairs Statistics (4)
• PUB AFRS 6500: (skills) Written and Oral Communication (2)
• PUBAFRS 6010: Legal Environment of Public Organizations (4)
• PUBAFRS 6040: Public Budgeting and Finance (4)
• PUBAFRS 6080: Public Affairs Program Evaluation (4)
• Elective (3 credits each)
• Skills course(s) (1 credit each)
• PUBAFRS 6050: Managing Public Sector Organizations (4) OR PUBAFRS 7553: Nonprofit Management and Governance (4)
• PUBAFRS 6060: Managerial Leadership in Public and Nonprofit Organizations (4)
• PUBAFRS 79__: Capstone course (3)

Review the MPA Advising Page for more information on curriculum and course requirements  including prerequisite information and elective, skills and capstone course options.

Sample Part-Time Program Plan

• Skills course (1 credit each)

Preparation for Program

Students are expected to be familiar with basic concepts of statistics and economics, and knowledgeable about the workings of the U.S. government. Undergraduate courses in microeconomics, statistics and government are strongly recommended. 

Students are also required to have completed a four-year undergraduate degree from an accredited institution to enroll, with a minimum GPA of 3.0. If you do not meet the minimum requirements set by the university, but would still like to apply, contact the Glenn College to discuss additional options.

Work Experience

Most of our MPA students work 20 hours per week in addition to the full-time curriculum.  The Glenn College Career Services staff is available to help students seeking options for gaining work experience while obtaining their master’s degree.

Before applying

Complete our Inquiry Form : Introduce yourself to the Glenn College admissions team, express interest in our programs, and receive additional information about the Glenn College experience and offerings.

Review the step-by-step instructions for applying below, which include important deadlines and other required materials.   PLEASE NOTE: the deadline below is the date in which all application materials must be received including online application form, resume, statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, test scores (if applicable) and transcripts. Applications that are not entirely complete by the date set below will not be reviewed.

Application Deadlines:

• Students who apply by November 15 will be considered for University fellowship and College-level scholarship awards. Online students are not eligible for fellowships per Graduate School policy. Details are found on the Masters Program Funding webpage .
• Students who apply by February 15 will be considered for College-level scholarship awards. Priority will be given to in-person students, but online students may be considered based on strength of application.
• April 15:  Final Application deadline date
• September 1: International applicant deadline
• November 1: Domestic applicant deadline

MPA-DC program applicants are encouraged to visit the program webpage for additional information.

Application and Fees

For Autumn 2024, there is one application for online and in-person modalities. After admission to the program, students will be given the option to enroll as an online or in-person student.

For Spring 2025 and beyond, there will be separate applications for online and in-person modalities.

Program Code:  PUBADM-MPA

The status will first become available two to three days after your application is received. Visit the Applicant Center   to check the status of your application during the admissions process.

Application Fee:

• $60 for domestic applicants
• $70 for international applicants
• This fee is nonrefundable

University Application Fee Waivers (U.S. applicants only)

If you feel you qualify for an application fee waiver based on your participation in any of the diversity initiatives through the Graduate School Program or Ohio State’s Office of Diversity and Inclusion, or if you feel you qualify because of economic hardship, please select the appropriate box(es) under the application fee waiver section of the online application. 

• You must submit proof in order to qualify for an application fee waiver. 
• Qualifying criteria are listed on the Graduate Admissions webpage.
• You cannot submit your online application until your application fee waiver request is approved or your application fee is paid. You will be notified if your application fee waiver request is not approved, at which time you should return to the online application and submit the application fee.

Tuition and Funding

We seek to control cost, increase aid for low- and moderate-income families and enhance programs that support success in and out of the classroom. Ohio State is committed to making an excellent college education more accessible and affordable for Buckeyes everywhere.

University Tuition 

College and University Funding Information

Ohio State's ScholarshipUniverse

Statement of Purpose & Resume/CV

Indicate your academic and career goals, your interest in the John Glenn College of Public Affairs, and how your education and work experience qualify you for admission. There is no length requirement for the personal statement. *If you are an internal transfer student who started an Ohio State degree that you do not plan to complete before entering the Glenn College, please describe why you do not plan to complete your current degree (e.g., unable to pass qualifying exams, change in research interests), and why you think that the Glenn College is a better fit.

Resume or CV:  Be sure to include work experience, volunteer activities, academics and professional honors, honorary societies, extracurricular activities, offices held, any publications and other significant activities.

Letters of Recommendation

Three letters of recommendation are required and should reflect the academic and, if relevant, job capability and experiences of the applicant. The letters should speak to the applicant’s ability to excel in an academic professional program. 

Requirements:

• Letters must be submitted electronically using the  online application  (select “Public Policy and Management”).
• While completing your online application, please provide your recommender’s name and email address. The Office of Graduate & Professional Admissions will send an email to the recommenders instructing them to complete a short assessment and upload a PDF recommendation letter. 
• Inform your letter writers that they will receive an email from Ohio State once you submit the online application. It is the responsibility of the applicant to make sure letters of recommendation are completed by posted deadlines. 
• If recommenders experience difficulties accessing the link or using the online system, please contact the Office of Graduate & Professional Admissions directly at  [email protected] .
• Letters of recommendation sent directly to the Glenn College will not be accepted.

Transcripts

Upload transcripts from  ALL  of the universities and colleges you attended with your online application as an attachment. 

• Transcripts are required, even for classes transferred from another institution, including classes attended during high school or completed through a study abroad program.
• Transcripts are not required for coursework completed at Ohio State. 
• Submit copies (front and back) of official transcripts. Please submit only scanned images of official transcripts issued by your institution’s registrar. Ohio State will not accept web reports, advising reports, self-reported scores or transfer credit on another school’s transcript.

Transcripts submitted with the online application are considered unofficial and, if admitted, you will be required to submit an official set of transcripts with statement of degree (if appropriate) prior to enrolling at Ohio State.

Test Scores

GRE Scores are no longer required for any applicant to a master's level program at the John Glenn College of Public Affairs. Applicants with a GPA that fall below a 3.0 are encouraged to contact the Glenn College  for further direction in strengthening their application.

Official GRE Codes:

• Institution Code: 1592
• Department Code: 2204

International Students:

• International students must submit TOEFL or IELTS test scores; scores should be above the equivalent of a TOEFL iBT Total Score of 100 for consideration .

All test scores (if needed), including GRE and English proficiency, must be sent directly to Graduate Admissions .  The proof of English proficiency requirement is handled by the Office of Graduate and Professional Admissions. You can find out more information, including potential exemptions to this requirement, on their International Additional Requirements to Apply webpage.

Attend an Information Session

We will have more information sessions coming in autumn 2024. If you're interested in learning more, visit the Connect with Us page to learn more about how to get in contact to learn more about our graduate programs. 

Live, learn and work in Washington while earning your degree.

The Glenn College MPA-DC program allows you to complete your MPA while gaining professional experience in the nation's capital. 

We're here to help.

Tracking down the genetic causes of lupus to personalize treatment

Genetic screen identifies many mutations associated with autoimmune diseases that could help target therapy

By Robert Sanders

Image courtesy of Lupus Research Alliance

May 23, 2024

Lupus is a lifelong, often painful and occasionally lethal autoimmune disease. Few treatments exist today beyond powerful steroids to knock down a patient’s immune system — a therapy that has its own serious risks.

The good news is that new and promising treatments are in clinical trials. But the term lupus belies the fact that the disease has a variety of causes, which means that treatments will have to be highly personalized to guarantee that each patient is given the drug that targets the specific genetic mutation responsible for their variety of lupus.

Researchers are just now beginning to link specific genetic mutations to subsets of lupus patients, allowing physicians to target therapies to those who will benefit most. In the latest advance, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, report in a new paper the discovery of two sets of patients with genetic mutations that are nearly identical to mutations that the researchers had earlier pinpointed in mouse and cell lines as linked to autoimmune disease.

These two genetic links are among several dozen mutations that the UC Berkeley team recently discovered and linked to lupus, all in one gene that regulates a prime suspect in a subset of lupus patients — proteins called toll-like receptors (TLR), which enable immune cells to recognize foreign DNA and RNA.

According to study leader Gregory Barton, UC Berkeley professor of molecular and cell biology, identifying these mutations could help doctors deliver a personalized treatment to patients with oversensitive TLRs and, in particular, oversensitive TLR7 receptors.

This is exciting because the drug will be orally available and is in clinical trials now. Victoria Rael, graduate student

“We basically have a map now,” said Barton, who is also an investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. “It’s not like everybody that has lupus has a mutation in the gene that causes overactivation of TLRs and TLR7. But there are drugs coming online that very specifically inhibit TLR7. As we sequence more and more people, it will become easier to identify those patients and put them on those drugs. That’s a lot better than the current course of therapy for lupus, which is brutal.”

“This is exciting because the drug will be orally available and is in clinical trials now,” said Victoria Rael, a UC Berkeley graduate student who, with fellow graduate student Julian Yano, is a co-first author of the paper.

The results of the genetic screens and details of the patients’ mutations were published today (May 23) in the Journal of Experimental Medicine .

A problem recognizing ‘self’

Autoimmune diseases, which range from rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease to scleroderma and numerous thyroid conditions, stem from attacks by the immune system on the body’s own cells that destroy normal, healthy tissue.

Victoria Rael and Gregory Barton, UC Berkeley

Many studies have linked at least two types of autoimmune disease, lupus and psoriasis, to TLRs, which are part of the innate immune system that initially detects foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria, and stimulates a first line of attack. Normally, TLRs are delicately tuned to react only to foreign DNA and RNA, but if that tuning is off, they can react to a body’s own nucleic acids and proteins associated with nucleic acids, which look much like those of pathogens.

What makes this autoimmune reaction so deadly is that the TLRs also activate the body’s second-line defense, the more powerful adaptive immune response, mobilizing T and B cells, macrophages, and other cells. These cells then mount a sustained attack that destroys the body’s healthy tissue and causes chronic inflammation.

The most common form, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), for example, is characterized initially by skin rashes — in particular, a butterfly-shaped rash on the face — but later by damage to joints, muscles, organs and skin, causing pain and fatigue. It’s most commonly seen in females, often starting during the teen years. Lupus, in general, is two to three times more prevalent among women from many ethnic and racial minority groups than among white women.

… in some people, the receptor is more responsive, so now levels of self-nucleic acids that otherwise wouldn’t stimulate the receptor in a normal person activate the receptor. Gregory Barton, professor of molecular and cell biology

“We think the way the system works is that if nucleic acids find these receptors, most likely they’re going to be from a virus,” Barton said. “But in some people, the receptor is more responsive, so now levels of self-nucleic acids that otherwise wouldn’t stimulate the receptor in a normal person activate the receptor. We think that one of the ways that these mutations are working is that they’re making levels of self-nucleic acids that normally wouldn’t be stimulatory, stimulatory.”

Barton and his lab colleagues have been investigating the role of TLRs that are misregulated in lupus, and in particular, one of the main proteins that regulates them: UNC93B1, or UNC for short. Several years ago, a team of postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in his lab screened in cell culture more than 100 genetic mutations in the UNC gene to see which ones overstimulated TLRs and would be good targets for further study. While they published some details in earlier papers, they didn’t publish the complete list because there seemed to be little point — almost no data was available on the genome sequences of lupus patients to compare with the mutations that overstimulated TLRs.

But that has changed in recent years, thanks to a plunge in the cost of genome sequencing. That’s how the mother of a young girl with severe autoimmune disease found Barton. Her daughter’s DNA had been sequenced and showed a mutation in a region of UNC that Barton’s team had noted in an earlier paper.

Lupus in the family

Rael and undergraduate Madeleine Weiss used the same cell culture screening technique to test the novel mutation from the young girl and found that it had an overstimulating effect, similar to the effect of other mutations in that area of the UNC gene. Surprisingly, the patient had the genetic mutation on only one of the two UNC alleles, meaning that she had one normal UNC gene, yet she still suffered severe autoimmune symptoms.

Courtesy of U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Barton and his team also connected with a family of five afflicted with lupus. All had mutations on one UNC allele in another area of the UNC protein that Barton’s team had previously identified. That mutation, when screened in cell lines, also produced overactive TLRs.

“We were skeptical that just one copy of a gene would be sufficient to cause a disease,” Rael said. “It wasn’t until we put the patients’ mutations into cell lines and saw that they led to very convincing TLR hyper-responsiveness that we realized they had the possibility of being sufficient to be disease-causing.”

Rael and Yano then repeated the screening work previously performed in the lab and confirmed that 32 distinct mutations in the UNC gene — about one-third of the mutations tested — increased the sensitivity of TLR7 to nucleic acids at least twofold. About another five mutants increased TLR7 sensitivity but to a lesser degree. Before these screens, only two mutations in the UNC protein had been linked to increased sensitivity of TLR7 in mice, though three additional human mutations were reported within the last two months.

Barton is hopeful that by publishing the complete list of TLR hypersensitivity mutations, doctors can identify other lupus patients who could benefit from the anti-TLR drugs now in clinical trials. One drug, M5049, or Enpatoran, appears to work by latching onto two human receptors, TLR7 and TLR8, and preventing them from binding nucleic acids.

Rael, Yano and other members of Barton’s lab are investigating further how these unique UNC mutations affect the way a patient manifests the disease. They have recreated these patients’ mutations in mice so that they can model human lupus.

“With mouse models, you can start thinking about how, even though the mutations are in the same protein, the different mechanisms of TLR regulation break down, which immune cells get activated as a result, and how this can lead to differences in the symptoms patients suffer from,” Rael said.

The lab also is trying to understand how UNC tunes TLRs, which may be by regulating the number and arrangement of TLRs on immune cells. More TLRs may make a person more sensitive to the small number of self-nucleic acids circulating in the body.

“UNC93B1 is important for getting the receptors to the place where they can function, but it also is important for regulating them when they get there,” Barton said. “The protein is a very baroque way of trying to make decisions about whether the nucleic acid that you just bound to a TLR is from a virus or from one of your own cells.”

He hopes that physicians add this gene to the list of lupus-associated genes, “so if they see a mutation like these, even a heterozygous mutation, they will investigate further.”

Other senior authors of the paper are Bo Liu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai and Olivia Majer of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin, Germany. The co-authors also include physicians from UC San Francisco, Stanford University, and hospitals in Missouri, North Carolina and Washington.

The work was funded in part by the Lupus Research Alliance , formerly the Lupus Research Institute, and the National Institutes of Health (R01AI072429).

RELATED INFORMATION

• Large scale mutational analysis identifies UNC93B1 variants that drive TLR-mediated autoimmunity in mice and humans ( JEM )
• Gregory Barton’s lab website
• Breastfeeding is good for yet another reason, researchers discover (2016)