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2024 AP European History Exam Guide

25 min read • june 18, 2024

Your Guide to the 2025 AP European History Exam

We know that studying for your AP exams can be stressful, but Fiveable has your back! We created a study plan to help you crush your AP European History exam. This guide will continue to update with information about the 2025 exams, as well as helpful resources to help you do your best on test day.  Unlock Cram Mode  for access to our cram events—students who have successfully passed their AP exams will answer your questions and guide your last-minute studying LIVE! And don't miss out on unlimited access to our database of thousands of practice questions. 

Format of the 2025 AP European History exam

Going into test day, this is the exam format to expect:

• 55 questions in 55 minutes
• 3 questions in 40 minutes
• Total time: 1 hour and 40 minutes
• 1 DBQ with the recommended 60 minutes to complete it.
• 1 LEQ with the recommended 40 minutes to complete it.

Scoring Rubric for the 2025 AP European History exam

Multiple Choice: Earn a point for each correct answer. There is no penalty for incorrect answers.

Short Answer Question:  1 point is received for each correct piece of information. There are three parts labeled A-C and 1 point for each part, totaling a maximum of 3 points for each short answer question.

Document-Based Question:

Thesis = 1pt

Contextualization = 1 pt

Evidence = 3 pts

• 2 pts for evidence in documents
• 1 pt for evidence beyond documents

Analysis and Reasoning = 2 pts

• 1 pt for sourcing
• 1 pt for complexity Long Essay Question:

Evidence = 2 pts

Analysis and Reasoning = 2 pts Check out our study plan below to find resources and tools to prepare for your AP European History exam.

When is the 2025 AP European History Exam and How Do I Take It?

The tests will be taken in person at your school unless your AP Coordinator has indicated otherwise. Here is what we know from College Board so far:  

The exam will be on paper, Monday, May 5, 2025, at 12 PM local time.  

Activate Cram Mode to get updates on the latest 2024 exam news. 

How Should I prepare for the Exam?

• First, download the  AP European History Cheatsheet PDF - a single sheet that covers everything you need to know at a high level. Take note of your strengths and weaknesses!
• We've put together the study plan found below to help you study between now and May. This will cover all of the units and essay types to prepare you for your exam. Pay special attention to the units that you need the most improvement in.
• Study, practice, and review for test day with other students during our live cram sessions via  Cram Mode . Cram live streams will teach, review, and practice important topics from AP courses, college admission tests, and college admission topics. These streams are hosted by experienced students who know what you need to succeed.

Pre-Work: Set Up Your Study Environment

Before you begin studying, take some time to get organized.

🖥 Create a study space.

Make sure you have a designated place at home to study. Somewhere you can keep all of your materials, where you can focus on learning, and where you are comfortable. Spend some time prepping the space with everything you need and you can even let others in the family know that this is your study space. 

📚 Organize your study materials.

Get your notebook, textbook, prep books, or whatever other physical materials you have. Also, create a space for you to keep track of review. Start a new section in your notebook to take notes or start a Google Doc to keep track of your notes. Get yourself set up!

📅 Plan designated times for studying.

The hardest part about studying from home is sticking to a routine. Decide on one hour every day that you can dedicate to studying. This can be any time of the day, whatever works best for you. Set a timer on your phone for that time and really try to stick to it. The routine will help you stay on track.

🏆 Decide on an accountability plan.

How will you hold yourself accountable to this study plan? You may or may not have a teacher or rules set up to help you stay on track, so you need to set some for yourself. First, set your goal. This could be studying for x number of hours or getting through a unit. Then, create a reward for yourself. If you reach your goal, then x. This will help stay focused!

AP European History 2024 Study Plan

🎨 unit 1: renaissance and exploration, big takeaways:.

Unit 1 covers three main areas of content. First, it introduces us to Europe and briefly covers the end of the Middle Ages. This first area of content predominantly focuses on the crises of the Late Middle Ages (Bubonic Plague, 100 Years War, and Peasant Revolts) and sets the stage for the birth of the Modern Era. Secondly, this unit covers the Italian and Northern Renaissance. Not only is this focused on artistic developments, but also social and political changes. Finally, this unit covers the Age of Exploration and the broad impacts that it has on the continent. 

Content to focus on:

• Don’t worry too much about specific knowledge, but instead have a broad understanding of the impacts of the crises of the late Middle Ages.
• Have a good understanding of the differences between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance. Pay close attention to Italian Humanists vs Christian Humanists.
• Greek and Roman influence
• Machiavelli
• Print Culture
• Artistic change is important, but be sure to focus on artistic themes and developments
• The big focus for the Age of Exploration is the causes and effects. What led to the Age of Exploration and how was Europe and the world changed because of it?
• Technological advancements
• New Monarchies
• New Rivalries
• The Columbian Exchange and Triangle Trade
• The Slave Trade
• The Commercial Revolution
• Shifting the political balance in Europe

Resources to use:

🎥 Watch These Videos:  

Medieval Europe

Age of Exploration

Italian Renaissance

Italian Renaissance Art

Northern Renaissance

Northern Renaissance Art

Exploration

The Renaissance (Humanism)

Period 1 & 2 Review 📖 Read these study guides:

Unit 1 Overview: Renaissance and Exploration

  1.1 Context of the Renaissance

1.2 Italian Renaissance

  1.3 Northern Renaissance

1.4  Printing

1.5 New Monarchies from 1450 to 1648

1.6 Age of Exploration

1.7 Colonial Rivals

  1.8 Columbian Exchange

  1.9 The Slave Trade

1.10 The Commercial Revolution

  1.11 Causation in the Renaissance and Age of Discovery

💒 Unit 2: Reformation and Wars of Religion

Unit 2 covers two bigger topics: the Protestant Reformation and the Wars of Religion. We can break down those two topics into some smaller topics. The Protestant Reformation covers Luther’s Reformation, Calvinism, Anglicanism, and Counter-Reformation. The Wars of Religion mostly look at the political and social responses to Reformation. There are several engagements that are focused on: the French Wars of Religion, the wars of Philip II, and the 30 Years War. 

• Have a good understanding of why people are unhappy with the Catholic Church by the 16th century.
• You can focus on the Catholic Schism and the abuses of the Church
• Martin Luther is given credit for starting the Protestant Reformation and laying the groundwork for all future reformation leaders.
• Make sure to focus on why Luther wanted to break from the Church and the differences between Luther’s Christianity and the Catholic Church’s Christianity.
• You also want to make sure to review the Peasant Revolt and how the German Princes/Charles V dealt with Luther.
• The Calvinist Reformations refer to several reformation movements that occur after Luther’s 95 Theses. Specifically, you should focus on Zwingli, Calvin, and John Knox.
• Make sure to understand the differences between Calvinism and  Lutheranism.
• The big takeaway to be focused on is that the Anglican Reformation was a political reformation and not a religious one.
• Understand the reasons why Henry VIII wanted to break from the Church.
• Also, focus on the major changes that Elizabeth I made to the Anglican Church and how she solidified it.
• When studying the Counter-Reformation, focus on how the Catholic Church worked to gain followers back, and how they reformed some corrupt practices.
• Focus on studying the Council of Trent and the Catholic Inquisition.
• The specific details of the French Wars of Religion are less important than the effects of it.
• Definitely study the tension between Hugeonots and French Catholics and the general reasons why war broke out.
• Focus most of your attention on Henry IV and the Edict of Nantes.
• There are two specific conflicts that should be studied with Philip II. The first is the Spanish Armada and the attempted invasion of England. And the second is the response to the Dutch independence movement.
• Both of these have religious undertones that should be focused on.
• This is arguably the most important war of the Wars of Religion. Like with all of these wars, the cause and effects outway the specific details of the war.
• For the causes, focus on the continued conflicts between Lutherans and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.
• Bohemian Period
• Danish Period
• Swedish Period
• French Period
• The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the war, is the biggest aspect that needs to be focused on. While you should do a deep dive into it, the big takeaway is that it ended all future religious wars in Europe.

🎥  Watch these videos:

• Martin Luther and the Reformation
• English Reformation
• Catholic Counter-Reformation
• French Wars of Religion
• Thirty Years War
• Baroque Art
• Art 15th-16th Century: Renaissance, Mannerism, and Baroque
• Period 1 & 2 Review
• Reformation pt1
• Reformation pt2 📖 Read these study guides:

Unit 2 Overview: Age of Reformation

2.1 Contextualizing 16th and 17th-Century Challenges and Developments

2.2 Martin Luther

  2.3 The Protestant Reformation

  2.4 Wars of Religion

  2.5 The Catholic Reformation

  2.6 16th-Century Society & Politics in Europe

  2.7 Mannerism and Baroque Art

2.8 Causation in the Age of Reformation and the Wars of Religion

👑 Unit 3: Absolutism and Constitutionalism

This unit focuses on the development of monarchical power in Europe during the 17th century. The overarching theme is the comparison of absolutism and constitutionalism. However, the unit also covers several important historical developments that do not necessarily fall specifically within this larger theme; these will be mentioned as we work through the unit. Here are the big takeaways for the unit. Focus on the development of absolutism in France (Henry IV, Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIV) and Russia (Peter the Great). You should also focus on the use and development of mercantilism. Constitutionalism focuses mostly on England by analyzing the rule of James I and Charles I, the English Civil War, and the Glorious Revolution. You should also make sure you look at the Dutch Golden Age during this unit. 

• Henry IV is a good place to start here. Focus on he developed the power of the French monarchy.
• Cardinal Richelieu laid the foundation for Louis XIV, so make sure to focus on how he did that. You can also pay attention to his role in the 30 Years War and how he became one of the examples of a  politique .
• Louis XIV is the model absolutist in European History. When you study him, pay attention to how he solidified power for himself and created the cult of personality that surrounded him. You should also pay attention to his foreign policy and his wars. The war to focus on most is the War of Spanish Succession. Lastly, think about whether he was truly a successful absolute monarch and where his shortcomings were.
• This is also a good place to study up mercantilism and the impact it had on European economies and the development of colonies throughout the world.
• Russian absolutism is really focused on Peter the Great and the advancements he made for Russia
• Focus on the establishment of a warm water port, the Table of Ranks, and his westernization of Russia
• Focus first on the rule of James I, why he wanted to be an absolute king, and why he couldn’t. This is a good place to review the  Magna Carta .
• When tackling Charles I, study why he feuded with Parliament and what eventually led to the outbreak of the English Civil War.
• Like most wars that we study, the specific details of the war are not important, but instead, understand the causes of it and how it ended. It would be good to understand why it’s significant that Charles I was executed.
• Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan dictatorship should be the next thing that you look at. The biggest thing to focus on, though, would be understanding why England allowed Cromwell to rule as a dictator for ten years.
• The last thing that you should study is the Glorious Revolution and the establishment of the English Bill of Rights. Here, I would focus on why Parliament wanted James II gone and why they appealed to William and Mary. Understand the basic premise of the English Bill of Rights and how it established a constitutional monarchy in England.
• This is kind of the odd man out here but is very important to know. Focus on the ‘how’ and the ‘why’ when studying the Dutch Golden Age. How and why did the dutch control trade in the east during the 17th century? How did this impact Europe?

Resources to Use

🎥 Watch these videos:

Absolutist France

Absolutist Russia

Constitutionalism

English Civil War

English Reformation and Glorious Revolution

Absolutism vs Constitutionalism

Economics and Society

Dutch Golden Age

Absolutism 📖Read these study guides:

  Unit 3 Overview: Absolutism and Constitutionalism

  3.1 Context of State Building from 1648-1815

  3.2 The English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution

  3.3 Continuities and Changes to Economic Practice and Development from 1648-1815

3.4 Mercantilism

3.5 The Dutch Golden Age

3.6 Balance of Power in Europe from 1648-1815

  3.7 Absolutism

  3.8 Comparison in the Age of Absolutism and Constitutionalism

🤔 Unit 4: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Unit 4 might be the simplest unit to tackle because there is not a heavy amount of content to cover. The overarching theme of unit 4 is the advancement in scholarly thought in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It focuses on two major developments: the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. For both of these, it’s important to understand major themes and how it will impact future European events. This is probably the most important thing to focus on. You could also study Absolute Despots, but I would recommend studying that in unit 5. 

• Go through the general history of the Scientific Rev. Know that it was a slow-moving process that gradually changed the way people thought about the world and the solar system.
• Pay attention to major themes that will lay the foundation for the Scientific Revolution. These are themes like deductive reasoning and the use of the scientific method.
• In terms of people to study, I would recommend knowing a few people who contributed to scientific thought and theory, and a few people who developed scientific methods.
• Francis Bacon
• The Enlightenment is much denser to study than the Scientific Rev. I would not try to tackle all Enlightened thinkers, instead I’ll give recommendations of a few to know. You should also study the causes of it. Why did the Enlightenment happen here and now? Also, look into Enlightenment-era Salons and the impact that they had.
• Voltaire: Religious Toleration
• Montesquieu: Political separation of powers
• Diderot: Equal access to knowledge
• Rousseau: The dangers of society
• Beccaria: Criminal reform
• Wollstonecraft: Women’s rights in society

Resources to Use:

🎥Watch these videos:

History of European Literature

New Societal Order - 1700s European Family

Enlightenment pt1

Enlightenment pt2

Scientific Revolution pt1

Scientific Revolution pt2

Enlightenment & Scientific Revolution

Enlightened Absolutists 📖Read these study guides:

Unit 4 Overview: Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments

  4.1 Context of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

  4.2 The Scientific Revolution

4.3 The Enlightenment

  4.4 18th Century Society and Demographics in Europe

4.5 18th Century Culture and Art in Europe

  4.6 Enlightened Monarchies

🥖 Unit 5: Old Regime, the French Revolution, and Napoleon

This is probably the heftiest unit in the course and definitely deserves a lot of your attention. There are three main components that make up this unit: the Old Regime (Europe in the 18th Century), the French Revolution, and the reign of Napoleon. The Old Regime has a lot of important content that helps build the foundations of the French Revolution and Europe moving into the 19th century. Below, I’ll cover the important aspects of each. 

• The Enlightenment
• The Agricultural Revolution
• The Cottage Industry
• Population Growth
• Societal and Family Change
• Enlightened Absolutists
• War of Austrian Succession
• Seven Years War
• Partitioning of Poland
• Peasant Revolts in Russia
• You can spend A LOT of time on the French Revolution, but I really don’t think you need to. Instead, I would focus mostly on the causes and effects, while looking at the important changes that are made in France during the Revolution.
• Long term vs Short term
• The Enlightenment as a cause
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
• Civil Constitution of the French Clergy
• Republic of Virtue
• Abolition of the Estates
• The overthrow of the monarchy
• Wars of the French Revolution
• The Spread of Revolutionary Ideas
• Robespierre
• Abbe Sieyes
• Fall of the Bastille
• Execution of the royal family
• The Emigries
• Levee en masse
• Reign of Terror
• Napoleon is another rabbit hole you can fall down. Instead, have an understanding of how he rose to power and his domestic and foreign policies.
• Napoleonic Code
• The Concordat
• Social and Educational Reforms
• Napoleonic Wars
• Continental System
• Invasion of Russia
• 100 Days and Fall from Power
• Congress of Vienna can also be lumped in here. Make sure to know the goals of the Congress and its impacts on Europe going into the 19th century.

🎥Watch these videos:  

The Old Regime

French Revolution, Part I

French Revolution, Part II

Congress of Vienna

The Seven Years War and American Revolution

English and French Revolution

Napoleon Part 1

Napoleon Part 2

French Revolution and Neoclassical Art

French Revolution - Beginning Years 📖Read these study guides:

  Unit 5 Overview: Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th-Century

  5.1 Context of 18th-Century Politics

  5.2 The Rise of Global Markets in the 18th-Century

  5.3 Britain's Ascendency

[**5.4  The French Revolution**

5.5 Effects of the French Revolution

  5.6 Napoleon's Rise, Dominance, and Defeat

5.7 The Congress of Vienna

  5.8 Romanticism

  5.9 Continuity and Change in the 18th-Century States

🚂 Unit 6: Industrial Revolution and Its Effects

We can really think about this unit as the first half of the 19th century. A lot of the stuff we’ll be talking about here will continue to be mentioned in Unit 7 as well. I like to break up this unit into three sections: Industrialization, Competing Ideologies, and Reactions to Social and Political Change. You really want to study this unit and unit 7 thematically and not chronologically. 

• Study why and how the Industrial Revolution (I.R.) started in Britain.
• Study what that early industrialization looked like and the impact it had on Britain and the countries that it spread to.
• I would really focus on the social consequences of the I.R.. How did this impact society? Make sure to really focus on the growth of cities and the impact that had on the growing working class.
• You can also go ahead and review the Second Industrial Revolution. How did it differ from the first I.R.? How will it lead to World War I? Most of the ‘big’ advancements of the I.R. happened during the Second I.R.. What were those?
• This is mostly focused on conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism.
• Have a good understanding of the core beliefs of these ideologies and how they competed against each other.
• Also, have a good understanding of where these ideologies came from. Were they new? Had they been developing for a while?
• There is a lot that you can focus on here. I’ll break it down below.
• How did governments respond to the new working class?
• How did conservatives attempt to retain power?
• In what ways did liberals push for representation?
• How did calls for nationalism manifest?
• You definitely want to review the Revolutions of 1848 and understand why they failed.
• Spanish Revolution
• Greek Independence movement
• Serbian Independence movement
• Belgian Independence movement

[Industrial Revolution_( https://app.fiveable.me/ap-euro/unit-6/the-industrial-revolution/watch/ncp70DMTmhI8xDQ1TjC6 )

Competing Ideologies

Industrial Revolution and Reform

Revolutions of 1848

19th Century Isms 📖Read these study guides:

Unit 6 Overview: Industrialization and Its Effects

** 6.1Context of Industrialization**

  6.2 The First Industrial Revolution

6.3 The Second Industrial Revolution

  6.4 Social Effects of Industrialization

6.5 The Concert of Europe and European Conservatism

6.6 Revolutions from 1815-1914

6.7 Intellectual Developments from 1815-1914

  6.8 19th Century Social Reform Movements

  6.9 Institutional Reforms of the 19th Century

6.10 Causation in the Age of Industrialization

✊ Unit 7: Unifications and Political Developments

As I mentioned in Unit 6, I like to think about Unit 7 as covering the second half of the 19th century. In this unit, there are two big pieces of content to cover: the unification of Italy and German, as well as New Imperialism. Some other pieces of content that you need to review are the rise of socialism, societal changes, scientific, and medical advancement. 

• Here you need to understand what the early calls for unification were. I would look at Garibaldi and the Red Shirts.
• You also need to review Cavour and why Piedmont became the driving force of unification.
• Lastly, review the early problems that Italy runs into following unification.
• Much like Italy, have a good understanding of the early calls for unification.
• The main person you want to focus on here is Bismarck. Understand what his motivations were for uniting Germany and how it represented a new type of conservatism.
• While you don’t need to know the specific details of the three wars that united Germany, understand why Bismarck felt that they needed to happen.
• Lastly, make sure to remember that once Germany was created it was the most powerful country on the content.
• You can definitely fall down the rabbit hole here, which is not a bad thing. I would recommend, though, focusing on the differences between the Age of Exploration and New Imperialism.
• Look into the motivations and methods for New Imperialism. Why here, why now?
• Lastly, look at the impacts of New Imperialism. How did this impact the world, how did it impact Europe, how did it impact Africa, and how did it impact Asia?
• I would also think critically about how Europeans saw themselves in the world. Review things like Social Darwinism here.
• Review how the “family” changed by the late 19th century.
• You can also review the growth of the middle class.
• Lastly, I would review the rise of political feminism and the increasing calls for women’s suffrage.
• Also, make sure to review Romanticism and how it was a direct reaction to industrialization.
• You definitely want to look into Darwin, Darwinism, and Social Darwinism.
• Also, review Louis Pasteur and Florence Nightingale and the new ideas of germ theory.
• You also want to look at the development of sociology by looking at people like Freud and Nietzsche.

Modernization and Unification_

Unification of Italy and Germany

Imperialism

Impressionism

Nationalism and Imperialism

Rise of Socialism

Romanticism and Realism

Impressionism and Post-Impressionism 📖Read these study guides:

Unit 7 Overview: 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments

  7.1 Context of 19th Century Politics

  7.2 Nationalism

  7.3 National Unification and Diplomatic Tensions

  7.4 Darwinism and Social Darwinism

7.5 Science and Intellectual Developments from 1815-1914

7.6 Imperialism

7.7 Effects of Imperialism

7.8 19th-Century Culture and Arts 💣  Unit 8: 20th Century Global Conflicts

We are covering the major 20th-century conflicts that are happening on a global scale. The major events in this unit are World Wars I and II, Russian Revolution, Versailles Conference and Peace Settlement, Great Depression, fascism and totalitarianism, Europe during the interwar period, Holocaust, and 20th-Century cultural, intellectual, and artistic developments. 

• Understand the differences between the western and eastern front in the development of WWI
• Look into the events leading into WWI (such as the Moroccan Crisis and Bosnian Crisis) and its immediate cause (assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand)
• Look into the effects of the Industrial Revolution and increased militarism
• Know the different types of alliances and how they formed
• Look into the Schlieffen Plan
• Dig deeper into how nationalism and imperialism play a role in WWI
• Understand the conditions in the Treaty of Versailles and the formation of the League of Nations
• Understand the rise of socialism and how the Bolshevik Party formed
• Look into what sparks the February/March Revolution
• Understand how Bolshevik Party takes over the provisional government and Lenin enacts New Economic Policy
• Look into the Civil War between the Red Army and White Army
• Look into what the Dawes Plan was and the consequences of the US stock market crash
• Understand how the Great Depression led to the rise of authoritarian leaders.
• Be able to explain what fascism and totalitarianism is and how these ideologies played a role in Germany, Italy, Spain, and the Soviet Union
• Look into how Germany remilitarized the Rhineland (between France and Germany)
• Check out the Italian invasion of Ethiopia
• Understand the Anschluss of Austria by Germany
• Look into the appeasement of Hitler and the German annexation of the Sudetenland
• Understand the Nazi and Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
• Look into the economic modernization of the Soviet Union
• Understand the gradual and immediate causes of WWII
• Recognize how the war took place in the Pacific, Europe, Middle East, and Africa.
• Understand how the beginning of the Holocaust and its impact on Jewish people and how they were liberated.
• Learn how the world changed after WWII (socially, culturally, artistically, economically, etc.) and what the Lost Generation was.

Appeasement

The Russian Revolution

World War I

World War II

Russian Revolution

Causes of WWI

Rise of Fascism

Totalitarianism 📖Read these study guides:

Unit 8 Overview: 20th-Century Global Conflicts

  8.1 Context of 20th Century Global Conflicts

** 8.2World War 1**

  8.3 The Russian Revolution

  8.4 Versailles Conference and Peace Settlement

  8.5 Global Economic Crisis: The Great Depression

8.6 Fascism and Totalitarianism

  8.7 Europe During the Interwar Period

  8.8 World War II

  8.9 The Holocaust

  8.10 20th-Century Cultural, Intellectual, and Artistic Developments 🥶  Unit 9: Cold War and Contemporary Europe

This final unit focuses on rebuilding Europe after World War II, the Cold War, the emergence of two superpowers, mass atrocities since 1945, postwar economic developments, the fall of communism, decolonization, European Union, technological developments since 1914, globalization, 20th- and 21st-Century culture, arts, and demographic trends, and continuity and change in the 20th and 21st centuries.

• Understand the emergence of two superpowers- The United States and the Soviet Union.
• Look into the impact of the Marshall Plan on Europe and how the Soviet Union created their own alternatives, the Molotov Plan and Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)
• Vietnam War
• Korean Conflict
• Yom Kippur War
• Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Chinese Civil War
• Berlin Blockade of 1948
• Berlin Crisis of 1961
• Look into how Berlin was split into four zones (after Yalta Conference) and then how Germany was eventually split into East and West Germany—separated by the “Iron Curtain”
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• United Nations replaces League of Nations
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
• Truman Doctrine (1947)
• Containment
• Domino effect
• Understand how the Warsaw Pact formed and the role of puppet governments established by the USSR
• Prague Spring
• Hungarian Revolution
• Ireland and England
• India and England
• Massacre of Armenians
• Expulsion of ethnic Germans
• Genocide of Bosnian Muslims and Albanian Muslims
• Look into Khrushchev’s process of de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union after Stalin died
• Understand the rise of Brezhnev, Brezhnev Stagnation, and the detente between Russia and the United States
• Withdrawal from the Soviet-Afghan War
• Limiting nuclear weapons
• Ending end the Cold War
• Perestroika
• Learn how the fall of the Berlin Wall was a symbol of the fall of the USSR, which dissolves in 1991
• Look into President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points—self-determination
• Philippines
• Cambodia and Laos
• The Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Understand how the EU formed and what its initial purpose was as ECSC
• Look into the causes of Brexit
• Understand the implications of increasing globalization
• Look into sustainable development and the formation of the Green Party
• Existentialism
• Postmodernism
• Cubism, futurism, dadaism, surrealism, abstract expressionism, and pop art
• More social movements—from womens’ rights to gay rights and civil rights
• Neonatalism
• Materialism
• Understand the continuity and change in the 20th and 21st Centuries

European Integration

The Cold War 📖Read these study guides:

  Unit 9 Overview: Cold War and Contemporary Europe

  9.1 Context of the Cold War and Contemporary Europe

9.2 Rebuilding Europe After World War II

9.3 The Cold War

  9.4 Two Super Powers Emerge

  9.5 Mass Atrocities Since 1945

9.6 Postwar Economic Developments

  9.7 The Fall of Communism

  9.8 20th-Century Feminism

  9.9 Decolonization

9.10 The European Union

  9.11 Migrations within and to Europe Since 1945

  9.12 Technological Developments Since 1914

** 9.13 Globalization**

9.14 20th- and 21st-Century Culture, Arts, and Demographic Trends

  9.15 Continuity and Change in the 20th and 21st Centuries

Check out these other amazing resources!

Thematic guides:.

• Theme 1 (INT) - Interaction of Europe and the World
• Theme 4 (SOP) - States and Other Institutions of Power
• Theme 6 (NEI) - National and European Identity
• Theme 7 (TSI) - Technological and Scientific Innovation

Exam Guides:

• AP European History Free Response Help - FRQ/LEQ
• AP European History Multiple Choice Help (MCQ)
• 2019 Exam Questions
• Analyzing Primary Sources
• DBQ Overview/Writing a Thesis and Contextualization
• DBQ Overview/Writing a Thesis and Contextualization Slides
• How to Do the DBQ

Other Resources:

• How to Get a 5 in AP European History
• AP European History Self-Study and Homeschool
• Best Quizlet Decks for AP European History
• Best AP European History Textbooks and Prep Books
• Perfect Memes for AP European History

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AP European History

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About the Exam

The AP European History Exam will test your understanding of the historical concepts covered in the course units, as well as your ability to analyze primary and secondary sources and identify patterns and connections that can support a historical interpretation.

Mon, May 5, 2025

12 PM Local

AP European History Exam

This is the regularly scheduled date for the AP European History Exam.

Exam Components

Section 1a: multiple choice.

55 questions 40% of Score

The questions in the multiple-choice section come in sets of typically 3–4 questions based on the same stimulus. The questions will include one or more sources to respond to such as primary and secondary texts, images (for example, artwork, photos, posters, cartoons), charts, and maps.

 You’ll be asked to:

• Analyze the provided sources
• Analyze the historical developments and processes described in the sources

Section 1B: Short Answer

3 questions 20% of Score

In the short-answer section, you’ll write answers to questions in your test booklet. Some questions include texts, images, graphs, or maps.

• Question 1 is required, includes 1 or 2 secondary sources, and focuses on historical developments or processes between the years 1600 and 2001.
• Question 2 is required, includes 1 primary source, and focuses on historical developments or processes between the years 1600 and 2001.
• You can choose between Question 3 (which focuses on historical developments or processes from the period from 1450 to 1648 and/or the period from 1648 to 1815) and Question 4 (which focuses on historical developments or processes from the period from 1815 to 1914 and/or the period from 1914 to the  present) for the last question. No sources are included for either Question 3 or Question 4 .

You’ll be asked to:

• Analyze historical developments and processes described in the sources
• Put those historical developments and processes in the context
• Make connections between those historical developments and processes

Section 2: Free Response

2 questions 40% of Score

In the free-response section, you’ll write answers to questions in your test booklet. There are two questions: one document-based question and one long essay.

Document-Based Question (DBQ) Recommended time: 60 minutes | 25% of Score The 60-minute recommended time for this section includes a 15-minute reading period.

• You’ll be presented with seven documents that give various perspectives on a historical development or process.
• You’ll be asked to develop and support an argument based on these documents and other evidence from your own knowledge.
• The topic of the document-based question will include historical developments or processes between the years 1600 and 2001.

Long Essay 1 question | 40 minutes | 15% of score

• You’ll have a choice of three questions; you’ll pick one to answer.
• Each test the same skills but the questions focus primarily on different historical time periods (1450–1700, 1648–1914, or 1815–2001).
• You’ll be asked to develop and support an argument based on evidence.

Exam Essentials

Exam preparation, ap classroom resources.

Once you join your AP class section online, you’ll be able to access AP Daily videos, any assignments from your teacher, and your assignment results in AP Classroom. Sign in to access them.

• Go to AP Classroom

Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information

Go to the Exam Questions and Scoring Information section of the AP European History exam page on AP Central to review the latest released free-response questions and scoring information.

Past Exam Free-Response Questions and Scoring Information  

Go to AP Central to review free-response questions and scoring information for the AP European History exam from past years. 

AP European History Course and Exam Description

This is the core document for the course. It clearly lays out the course content and describes the exam and AP Program in general.

Services for Students with Disabilities

Students with documented disabilities may be eligible for accommodations for the through-course assessment and the end-of-course exam. If you’re using assistive technology and need help accessing the PDFs in this section in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected] . For information about taking AP Exams, or other College Board assessments, with accommodations, visit the Services for Students with Disabilities website.

Credit and Placement

Search AP Credit Policies

Find colleges that grant credit and/or placement for AP Exam scores in this and other AP courses.

Additional Information

AP Research Topics: History, Chemistry, Psychology & More

Have you ever found yourself so wrapped up in a project that you forget to check the time? That's what happens when you choose the right AP Research topic. Whether you're curious about how technology shapes our lives or fascinated by the ways people think, picking good AP research paper topics can make your experience more than just another assignment—it can be an adventure.

AP Research is a course that lets high school students dig deep into a subject they care about. It gives you a chance to think critically and create something truly your own. But before you get started, you need to choose a topic that not only sparks your interest but also meets the course requirements. That's where we're here to help.

Need a Research Paper Upgrade?

Our experts will craft a paper that's smart, sharp, and totally stress-free.

What Does AP Research Do

AP Research allows you to take control of your learning. You'll learn how to ask the right questions, gather and analyze data, and present your findings in a way that's both clear and compelling.

One of the best parts is the freedom it offers. You're not just following a textbook—you're exploring something that genuinely interests you. This exploration can lead to impressive results, like the students who've used EssayPro's resources to write top-notch research papers. By connecting with experts and using reliable tools, they've turned their curiosity into polished projects that stand out.

Whether you're interested in social issues, science, or the arts, AP Research helps you develop skills that go beyond the classroom. You're able to solve problems and communicate your ideas effectively—all essential skills for college and beyond. And with the right support, like the guidance from EssayPro, you can take your research to the next level.

Don't miss out—check out our related article on why is critical thinking important for students and see how these skills can improve your AP Research process.

The List of AP Research Topics

Now that you know what this research is all about, it's time to find a topic that speaks to you. Having a good list of ideas can also make the process easier. Below, our expert admission essay services team gathered a selection of AP research paper topics that are not only interesting but also offer plenty of opportunities for deep exploration.

Best AP Research Topics

• How do urban heat islands affect local weather patterns and public health?
• The impact of early childhood education on long-term social and emotional development
• What are the effects of climate change on global water resources and availability?
• How do social movements utilize digital platforms to mobilize support and influence policy?
• The role of genetic engineering in agriculture: benefits and ethical concerns
• How do cultural differences influence the effectiveness of mental health interventions?
• The effects of gamified learning on student engagement and retention in STEM subjects
• How does the rise of remote work affect team dynamics and productivity?
• The influence of historical narratives on modern national identities
• What are the psychological and social impacts of long-term space travel on astronauts?
• The role of artificial intelligence in personalized medicine and its potential for transforming healthcare
• How do different teaching methods impact students with learning disabilities?
• The impact of environmental sustainability practices on corporate social responsibility
• What are the effects of food labeling on consumer behavior and dietary choices?
• How do societal attitudes toward aging affect elderly care and policies?
• The role of traditional knowledge in contemporary environmental conservation efforts
• How do different approaches to urban design influence community well-being and social interaction?
• The impact of digital detox practices on mental health and productivity in the workplace
• What can be learned from studying the long-term effects of major historical pandemics on societies?
• How do contemporary art movements challenge traditional notions of aesthetics and value?

Good AP Research Topics

Here are some more good topic choices curated by EssayPro. If you've found one you love, our experts are ready to offer help with writing an essay .

• How does the design of public spaces impact community engagement and safety?
• The influence of storytelling techniques on public awareness of social issues
• What are the effects of dietary changes on cognitive function in older adults?
• How do global supply chain disruptions affect local economies and businesses?
• The impact of bilingual education on cognitive development and academic performance
• How does exposure to different cultural perspectives shape attitudes toward global issues?
• What are the psychological effects of participating in extreme sports or adventure activities?
• How do social and economic factors influence access to clean drinking water in developing countries?
• The role of artificial intelligence in detecting and preventing cyber threats
• How do virtual communities influence real-world social interactions and relationships?
• The impact of renewable energy adoption on rural versus urban areas
• What are the effects of early intervention programs on children with developmental delays?
• How do different types of exercise affect mental health and stress levels?
• The influence of political satire on public opinion and political engagement
• What can be learned from the success and failure of international environmental agreements?
• How do personal finance education programs impact financial decision-making and stability?
• The effects of digital media consumption on attention spans and learning abilities in adolescents
• How does the portrayal of diversity in media affect societal attitudes and inclusion?
• The role of community gardens in promoting local food security and social cohesion
• What are the benefits and challenges of integrating technology into traditional classroom settings?

AP Seminar Topics

These AP Seminar research topics are sure to inspire and engage you. They're practical and interesting, perfect for exploring important issues.

• How has the rise of influencer culture altered consumer trust in advertising?
• The impact of urban farming initiatives on food security in densely populated cities
• What role do emerging technologies play in the future of remote education?
• How does the portrayal of mental health in media affect public perceptions and stigma?
• The influence of digital privacy concerns on the development of new technologies
• How do alternative justice systems, like restorative justice, impact community rehabilitation?
• The effects of gamification on student motivation and learning outcomes in education
• What can the evolution of language in internet memes tell us about cultural shifts?
• How do local art movements contribute to global conversations on social justice?
• The role of wearable technology in personal health monitoring and its implications for privacy
• How does the concept of 'ethical fashion' challenge traditional fashion industry practices?
• What are the psychological effects of participating in online communities versus physical communities?
• The influence of microdosing psychedelics on creativity and productivity in professional settings
• How do fictional narratives in popular media shape our understanding of historical events?
• The impact of virtual reality therapy on treating phobias and PTSD
• What role does citizen science play in advancing environmental research and policy?
• How do different cultures approach the concept of work-life balance, and what can we learn from them?
• The effects of digital art on the traditional art market and artist recognition
• How does the rise of autonomous vehicles impact urban planning and traffic management?
• The role of narrative in shaping public perceptions of scientific research and technology

AP World History Research Paper Topics

• How did the Silk Road influence cultural exchange between Asia and Europe?
• The impact of the Mongol Empire on global trade and communication
• The role of women in ancient Egyptian society
• What led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
• Exploring the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation
• The significance of the Magna Carta in shaping modern democracy
• How did the Black Death reshape European societies in the 14th century?
• The rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire
• What were the key factors in the success of the Ottoman Empire?
• The influence of Confucianism on Chinese government and society
• How did the Age of Exploration change global economies and cultures?
• The impact of colonialism on Indigenous populations in the Americas
• What were the causes and consequences of the French Revolution?
• The development and spread of Islam during the Middle Ages
• How did the Industrial Revolution transform societies in Europe and beyond?
• The influence of Greek philosophy on Western thought
• What were the driving forces behind the unification of Germany?
• The role of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in shaping the modern world
• How did World War I lead to major political changes in Europe?
• The cultural and technological achievements of the Gupta Empire in India

AP US History Research Paper Topics

• The causes and effects of the American Revolution
• How did the Louisiana Purchase shape the future of the United States?
• The role of women in the American Civil War
• What were the main challenges faced by the early colonies in America?
• The impact of the Emancipation Proclamation on the Civil War
• How did the Gold Rush influence westward expansion in the United States?
• The significance of the Monroe Doctrine in American foreign policy
• What were the key factors leading to the Great Depression?
• The influence of the Harlem Renaissance on American culture
• How did the Civil Rights Movement change American society?
• The causes and consequences of the Mexican-American War
• What role did the New Deal play in America's recovery from the Great Depression?
• The impact of World War II on American domestic life
• How did the Cold War shape US foreign and domestic policies?
• The significance of the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education
• What were the driving forces behind the Women's Suffrage Movement?
• The effects of the Vietnam War on American society and politics
• How did the Watergate scandal change public trust in government?
• The influence of the Industrial Revolution on urbanization in America
• What were the causes and outcomes of the American involvement in World War I?

AP Lang Research Paper Topics

• How does the use of rhetorical questions in speeches influence audience engagement?
• The role of persuasive language in shaping public opinion during elections
• How does the choice of narrative perspective affect a reader's connection to a story?
• The impact of social media on modern journalism and news reporting
• What are the linguistic techniques used in effective political debates?
• How do advertising slogans use language to create brand identity and consumer loyalty?
• The influence of Shakespeare's use of imagery on modern literary analysis
• How does the use of irony in literature enhance thematic elements?
• The role of dialogue in character development in contemporary novels
• How does language in public health campaigns affect community behavior and awareness?
• What are the rhetorical strategies used in motivational speeches to inspire action?
• The impact of tone and mood in setting the atmosphere in Gothic literature
• How do different genres of writing, such as satire and tragedy, affect reader perception?
• The role of metaphor in political rhetoric and its impact on policy discussions
• How does the structure of an argumentative essay influence its persuasiveness?
• The effects of language simplification in educational materials on student comprehension
• How do authors use symbolism to convey deeper meanings in their works?
• The influence of cultural context on the interpretation of literary texts
• What are the effects of direct vs. indirect speech on character relationships in drama?
• How do historical speeches reflect the values and concerns of their time periods?

Don't forget to buy analytical essay if you've nailed down your ideal topic!

AP Environmental Science Research Paper Topics

• The impact of deforestation on global biodiversity
• How does climate change affect polar ice caps and sea levels?
• The role of renewable energy in reducing carbon emissions
• What are the environmental consequences of plastic pollution in oceans?
• The effects of industrial agriculture on soil health
• How does urbanization contribute to habitat loss and species extinction?
• The importance of wetlands in maintaining ecological balance
• What are the challenges and benefits of sustainable farming practices?
• The role of environmental policies in protecting endangered species
• How does air pollution impact human health in urban areas?
• The significance of the ozone layer in protecting life on Earth
• What are the environmental impacts of fracking on water resources?
• The effects of climate change on coral reef ecosystems
• How does deforestation contribute to climate change?
• The importance of conservation efforts in preserving biodiversity
• What are the environmental benefits and challenges of electric vehicles?
• The role of national parks in protecting natural resources
• How do invasive species disrupt local ecosystems?
• The impact of overfishing on marine life and ocean health
• What are the environmental and social implications of e-waste?

AP Chemistry Research Paper Topics

• The process of photosynthesis and its chemical significance
• What are the effects of heavy metals on human health?
• The chemistry behind pharmaceuticals and drug development
• How do detergents and soaps work at the molecular level?
• The significance of oxidation-reduction reactions in energy production
• What are the chemical principles behind climate change mitigation efforts?
• The role of catalysts in speeding up chemical reactions
• How do acids and bases interact in everyday life?
• The importance of the periodic table in modern chemistry
• What are the environmental impacts of chemical fertilizers?
• The chemistry behind renewable energy sources like solar cells
• How do chemical bonds determine the properties of substances?
• The significance of pH in maintaining biological systems
• What are the applications of nanotechnology in medicine?
• The process and importance of water purification techniques
• How do greenhouse gases contribute to global warming?
• The role of chemical reactions in food preservation
• What makes enzymes so crucial in biochemical reactions?
• The chemistry of batteries and how they store energy
• How do polymers impact everyday products and the environment?

AP Biology Research Topics

• How do genetic mutations contribute to evolution?
• The role of enzymes in cellular processes
• What are the effects of climate change on animal migration patterns?
• The significance of the human microbiome in health and disease
• How do plants adapt to extreme environmental conditions?
• The impact of antibiotic resistance on public health
• What are the mechanisms of gene expression and regulation?
• The role of natural selection in shaping species diversity
• How do hormones regulate growth and development in organisms?
• The process of photosynthesis and its importance in the carbon cycle
• What are the effects of habitat destruction on biodiversity?
• The role of the immune system in defending against pathogens
• How do organisms maintain homeostasis in varying environments?
• The impact of invasive species on native ecosystems
• What are the genetic factors involved in inherited diseases?
• The process of cell division and its significance in growth and reproduction
• How do environmental toxins affect the nervous system?
• The role of symbiotic relationships in ecosystems
• What are the effects of pollution on aquatic life?
• The significance of epigenetics in gene expression and inheritance

AP Research Psychology Topics

• How do different parenting styles impact child development?
• The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
• What are the psychological impacts of social media addiction?
• The role of genetics vs. environment in determining intelligence
• How does mindfulness meditation influence stress levels?
• The effects of early childhood trauma on adult mental health
• What are the cognitive benefits of bilingualism?
• The impact of exercise on mental health and mood
• How do stereotypes and prejudices develop and affect behavior?
• The role of attachment theory in understanding romantic relationships
• What are the psychological effects of prolonged isolation?
• The influence of parental involvement on academic achievement
• How do cognitive biases affect decision-making?
• The effects of music therapy on anxiety and depression
• What are the psychological mechanisms behind placebo effects?
• How does exposure to violent media influence aggression?
• The role of self-esteem in coping with life challenges
• What are the effects of nutrition on cognitive function?
• How does early intervention in autism spectrum disorder affect developmental outcomes?
• The impact of stress management techniques on overall well-being

AP Capstone Research Topics

• How did the rise of digital nomadism change the concept of work-life balance?
• The impact of virtual reality on empathy and understanding of social issues
• How do small, community-based conservation efforts contribute to global environmental change?
• The role of crowdfunding in transforming startup culture and innovation
• What can ancient agricultural practices teach us about modern sustainable farming?
• How do storytelling techniques in video games influence player behavior and decision-making?
• The effects of cross-cultural exchanges on traditional art forms in the digital age
• What are the social and psychological impacts of living in a hyper-connected world?
• How do grassroots movements influence national policy changes?
• The role of biohacking in personal health and ethical considerations
• How do urban green spaces impact community well-being and social interactions?
• The influence of speculative fiction on real-world scientific advancements
• What are the psychological effects of experiencing extreme weather events on communities?
• How do traditional storytelling methods in indigenous cultures address modern social issues?
• The role of augmented reality in enhancing educational experiences and learning outcomes
• How do cultural festivals contribute to local economic development and global awareness?
• The impact of immersive theatre on audience engagement and social change
• What can historical patterns of migration reveal about current refugee crises?
• How do alternative economic models, like time banking, challenge traditional concepts of value and work?
• The effects of digital detox programs on mental health and productivity

AP English Language Research Paper Topics

• How does rhetoric influence public opinion in political speeches?
• The role of satire in social and political commentary
• How do language and style vary between formal and informal writing?
• The impact of social media on modern communication practices
• How does persuasive writing shape consumer behavior in advertising?
• The use of metaphor in shaping cultural narratives
• What are the linguistic features of effective storytelling in literature?
• How does the choice of diction affect the tone of a piece?
• The role of rhetorical devices in Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches
• How do different genres of writing influence reader perception?
• The impact of globalization on language and communication styles
• How does the structure of a persuasive essay affect its effectiveness?
• The use of imagery and symbolism in shaping the reader's emotions
• How does the language used in news media influence public understanding of events?
• The role of ethos, pathos, and logos in crafting compelling arguments
• How does narrative voice affect reader engagement in memoirs and autobiographies?
• The influence of historical context on the language of classical literature
• How do language and rhetoric contribute to the development of national identity?
• The effects of censorship on literary expression and freedom
• How do authors use rhetorical strategies to address social justice issues?

Characteristics of a Good AP Research Paper

Strong AP research topics stand out due to several key features that ensure their impact. Here's what to keep in mind:

• Timeless Relevance: Select a topic that maintains its significance over time. Avoid subjects likely to become outdated quickly. Instead, focus on issues with long-term importance that can be referenced by future researchers.
• Supported by Credible Sources: Your research must be backed by reliable sources. For example, research supported by academic databases like JSTOR or publications from trusted institutions such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) adds credibility.
• Clear and Insightful Research Questions: Good questions help define the scope of your paper and shape your analysis, ensuring that your research is both relevant and insightful. For example, if your topic involves the impact of digital marketing, questions inspired by case studies from companies like Google or Adobe can provide a structured framework for your analysis.
• Specific Focus: Narrow your topic to address specific issues, avoiding overly broad subjects. For instance, if researching the effects of climate change, focus on a particular aspect such as its impact on urban agriculture.
• Logical Structure and Clarity: Ensure your paper has a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Each section should flow logically, with well-organized arguments and evidence. A clear structure helps readers follow your argument and enhances the overall readability of your paper.

By considering these pointers suggested by EssayPro, your paper will make a valuable contribution to your field of study. It'll also be easy for you to draw on the best practices and examples from leading research institutions and industry experts.

Tips for Choosing an AP Research Topic

Here are some useful tips to help you choose standout AP research topic ideas:

• Examine Current Trends: Look at recent news, technological advances, or social movements for inspiration. Topics like the effects of remote work on productivity or the rise of sustainable fashion can be both timely and impactful.
• Reflect on Your Passions: Whether it's a hobby, a cause, or a field you're curious about, your enthusiasm will make the research process more enjoyable and your writing more compelling.
• Seek Out Gaps in Existing Research: Identify areas where there's a lack of information or where current research is outdated. For example, if you notice few studies on the psychological effects of digital detoxes, that might be a unique angle worth exploring. EssayPro can also help you find existing research and identify gaps that need further investigation.
• Consult with Experts: Talk to teachers, mentors, or professionals in fields you're interested in. Their insights can help you identify important topics. You might also find useful examples and advice from Essaypro's expert writers.
• Consider Practical Applications: Choose a topic with real-world applications or implications. Researching the impact of new educational technologies on classroom dynamics, for example, can provide valuable insights and practical solutions.
• Look at Your Local Community: Local issues or events can offer unique and relevant topics. Investigate how local policies affect community health or how a local environmental issue is being addressed. These topics can provide fresh perspectives and direct relevance.
• Use Personal Experience: Leverage your own experiences or observations. If you've noticed a trend or issue in your daily life, such as the impact of social media on teen behavior, it can provide a unique and personal angle for your research.

Ready for a Paper That's More Brilliant Than Your Last Brainstorm?

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How to Find a Good Research Topic in AP Research?

How long should my ap research paper be, what are some popular ap research topics.

Annie Lambert

specializes in creating authoritative content on marketing, business, and finance, with a versatile ability to handle any essay type and dissertations. With a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a passion for social issues, her writing not only educates but also inspires action. On EssayPro blog, Annie delivers detailed guides and thought-provoking discussions on pressing economic and social topics. When not writing, she’s a guest speaker at various business seminars.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Grey, S. (2024, August 7). What Is The AP Capstone Program? Everything You Should Know. Forbes . https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/online-colleges/what-is-ap-capstone/

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Where to Find the Best DBQ Examples

Advanced Placement (AP)

One of the best ways to prepare for the DBQ (the "document-based question" on the AP European History, AP US History, and AP World History exams) is to look over sample questions and example essays. Doing this will help you to get a sense of what makes a good (and what makes a bad) DBQ response.

That said, not all DBQ essay examples are created equal. We'll briefly cover what makes a good DBQ example and then provide a list of example essays by course. Lastly, we'll give you some helpful tips on how to best use sample essays in your own preparation process.

What's a Good DBQ Example?

Without a doubt, the best sample resources come from the College Board . This is because they are the ones who design and administer the AP exams . This means the following:

Any DBQ essay example that the College Board provides will include a real DBQ prompt

All samples are real student responses from previous years , so you know they were written under the same conditions you'll have when you write your DBQ—in other words, they're authentic!

They not only have scores but also explanations of each essay's score , in accordance with the rubric

Each prompt includes several sample essays with a variety of scores

Some DBQ examples outside those available from the College Board might be worth looking at, particularly if they highlight how a particular essay could be improved. In general, though, a superior example will do the following:

Include the prompt and documents: It will be much easier for you to see how the information from the documents is integrated into the essay if you can actually look at the documents themselves!

Have a score: Seems simple, but you'd be surprised how many DBQ examples out there in the uncharted internet don't have one. Without a real, official score, it's hard to gauge how trustworthy a sample actually is.

With that in mind, I have compiled lists, organized by exam, of high-quality example DBQs below.

Don't spend all your study time on false starts with your practice DBQs. 

Every DBQ Example Essay You Could Ever Need, by Exam

Here are your example essays! We'll start with AP US History, then move to AP European History, and finally wrap up with AP World History.

AP US History: Official College Board Examples

The APUSH test was redesigned in 2015 and again in 2018, so right now there are eight  official College Board sets of sample essays you can use in your studies . Make sure to give yourself a 15-minute reading period and 45 minutes to write your answer. In addition, don't forget to use the current scoring guidelines when grading your own practice responses.

• 2023 Free-Response Questions | Scoring Guidelines 2023
• 2022 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2022
• 2021 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2021
• 2019 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2019
• 2018 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2018
• 2017 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2017
• 2016 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2016
• 2015 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2015

If you want additional sample question sets, you can look at older College Board US History DBQ example response sets . To look at these, click "Free-Response Questions" for a given year. For the corresponding DBQ examples and scoring guidelines, click "Sample Responses Q1."

Note that these examples use the old rubric (which is integrated into the Scoring Guidelines for a given free-response section). General comments on the quality of the essay, outside information, and document analysis still apply, but the score is on a 9-point scale instead of the current 7-point scale, and some of the particulars will be different. Older DBQs had up to 12 documents, while the current format has seven documents.

If you do look at older DBQ examples, I recommend using the current rubric to re-grade the essays in the sample according to the 7-point scale. I'll also give more advice on how to use all these samples in your prep later on.

Mr. Bald Eagle is an AP US History DBQ grader in his spare time.

AP European History: Official College Board Examples

Unfortunately, there aren't as many sample resources for the AP Euro DBQ compared to the other AP history tests because 2016 was the first year the AP Euro test was administered in the new format . Since then, more minor changes have been made in terms of time (you now have an hour on the DBQ) and individual parts of the rubric (you can view the current scoring guidelines here ).

This means there are seven sets of official samples graded with the current 7-point rubric:

The rest of the existing available samples were graded in the old 9-point format instead of the 7-point format implemented in 2016.

In the old format, there were 6 "core" points and 3 additional points possible. The old rubric is integrated with the sample responses for each question, but we'll highlight some key differences between the old and current formats :

With the old format, you were given a brief "historical background" section before the documents

There were more documents—up to 12—but the current format has seven

There was an emphasis on "grouping" the documents that is not present in the current rubric

There was also explicit emphasis on correctly interpreting the documents that is not found in the current rubric

While the essential components of the DBQ are still the same between the two test formats, you should definitely refer to the current rubric if you decide to look at any old AP European History samples . You might find it useful to look at old essays and score them in accordance with the current rubric.

Here are the old sample DBQ questions and essays, organized by year:

• 2014 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2014
• 2013 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2013
• 2012 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2012
• 2011 Free-Response Questions | Sample DBQ Responses 2011

You can get samples in the old format all the way back to 1999 from the College Board . (Click "Free -Response Questions" for the questions and "Sample Response Q1" for the samples.)

Consider how you might integrate this castle into the DBQ that is your life.

AP World History: Official College Board Examples

The World History AP exam transitioned to a new format to more closely resemble AP US History and AP European History for the 2017 test. This means that there are six past exams available that use the current DBQ format:

Note that starting with the 2020 exam, AP World History will only cover the years 1200 to the present instead of thousands of years of history. As a result, both the course and exam have been renamed AP World History: Modern (a World History: Ancient course is in the works). What this means for you is that previous DBQs might have to do with time periods you're no longer required to study, so just keep this in mind.

In the old format, there were 7 "core" points and 2 additional points possible. The old rubric is integrated with the sample responses for each question, but we'll highlight some key differences between the old and current formats :

There were more documents—up to 10—but the current format has seven

There was an emphasis on "grouping" the documents on the old rubric that is not present in the current rubric

• In the old rubric, you needed to identify one additional document that would aid in your analysis; the new rubric does not have this requirement

The essential components of the DBQ are still the same between the two formats, though you should definitely look at the current rubric if you study with any old AP World History questions and samples. You might find it useful to look at the old essays and score them according to the current rubric.

Here are old AP World History questions and DBQ sample responses , organized by year:

Don't worry, the old format isn't as old as this guy right here.

How Should I Use DBQ Examples to Prepare?

Now that you have all these examples, what should you do with them? In this section, we'll give you some tips on how to use example DBQs in your own AP history prep , including when to start using them and how many you should plan to review.

What Should I Do With These DBQs?

Official sample essay sets are a great way to test how well you understand the rubric. This is why we recommend that you grade a sample set early on in your study process—maybe even before you've written a practice DBQ .

Then, when you compare the scores you gave to the official scores and scoring notes given to the samples, you'll have a better idea of what parts of the rubric you don't really understand . If there are points you are consistently awarding differently than the graders, you’ll know those are skills you'll need to work on.

Keep giving points for the thesis and then finding out the sample didn't get those points? This tells you to work more on your thesis skills. Not giving points for historical context and then finding out the AP grader gave full credit? You need to work on recognizing what constitutes historical context according to the AP.

Check out my tips on building specific rubric-based skills in our guide on how to write a DBQ .

Once you've worked on some of those rubric skills you're weaker in, such as evaluating a good thesis or keeping track of how many documents were used, grade another sample set. This way you can see how your ability to grade the essays like an AP grader improves over time!

Obviously, grading sample exams is a much more difficult process if you're looking at examples in an old format. The old scores as awarded by the College Board will be helpful in establishing a ballpark —a 9 is still going to be a good essay using the current 7-point scale—but there may be some modest differences in grades between the two scales. (For example, maybe that perfect 9 is now more like a 6 out of 7 due to rubric changes.)

For practice grading with old samples, you might want to pull out two copies of the current rubric, recruit a trusted study buddy or academic advisor (or even two study buddies!), and have each of you re-grade the samples .

You can then discuss any major differences in the grades each of you awarded. Having multiple sets of eyes will help you determine whether the scores you're giving are reasonable, since you won’t have an official 7-point College Board score for comparison.

How Many Example DBQs Should I Be Using?

The answer to this question depends on your study plans.

If it's six months before the exam and you plan on transforming yourself into a hard diamond of DBQ excellence, you might do practice grading on a sample set every few weeks to a month to check your progress to being able to think like an AP grader. In this case, you would probably use six to nine official sample sets.

If, on the other hand, the exam is in a month and you're just trying to get in some extra skill-polishing, you might do a sample set every week to 10 days . It makes sense to check your skills more often when you have less time to study because you want to be sure that you are focusing your time on the skills that need the most work. For a short time frame, expect to use somewhere in the range of three to four official sample sets.

Either way, you should be integrating your sample essay grading with skills practice and doing some practice DBQ writing of your own .

Toward the end of your study time, you could even integrate DBQ writing practice with sample grading. Read and complete a timed prompt and then grade the sample set for that prompt, including yours! The other essays will help give you a sense of what score your essay might have received that year and any areas you might have overlooked.

There's no one-size-fits-all approach to using sample sets, but in general they are a useful tool for making sure you have a good idea what the DBQ graders will be looking for when you write your own DBQ on test day.

Hey, where can we find a good DBQ around here?

Closing Thoughts: Example DBQs for AP History Tests

Example DBQ essays are a valuable resource in your arsenal of study strategies for the AP history exams. Grading samples carefully will help you get a sense of your own blind spots so you'll know what skills to focus on in your prep.

That said, sample essays will be most useful when integrated with your own targeted skills prep . Grading 100 sample essays won't help you if you aren't practicing your skills; rather, you'll just keep making the same mistakes over and over again.

Make sure you aren't using sample essays to avoid writing practice DBQs either—you'll want to do at least a couple, even if you only have a month to practice.

And there you have it, folks. With this list of DBQ examples and tips on how to use them, you are all prepared to integrate samples into your study strategy!

What's Next?

Still not sure what a DBQ is? Check out my explanation of the DBQ to learn the basics.

Want tips on how to really dig in and study for AP history tests? We've got a complete how-to guide on preparing for and writing the DBQ .

If you're still studying for AP World History, check out our top AP World History study guide , or get more practice tests from our complete list .

Want more study material for AP US History? Look into this article on the best notes to use for studying from one of our experts. Also, read our review of the best AP US History textbooks !

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Ellen has extensive education mentorship experience and is deeply committed to helping students succeed in all areas of life. She received a BA from Harvard in Folklore and Mythology and is currently pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University.

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