aiou solved assignment 1430 spring 2023

• Tips & Tricks
• AIOU Admission Amendments
• AIOU Admission Confirmation
• AIOU Assignments Question Papers
• AIOU CT Books
• AIOU Diploma in Education Books
• AIOU FA Books
• AIOU Functional Non Credit Certificate Courses Books
• AIOU M.A ARABIC Books
• AIOU M.A E.P.M Books
• AIOU M.A Education Books
• AIOU M.A HISTORY Books
• AIOU M.A Islamic Studies Books
• AIOU M.A Library Science Books
• AIOU M.A TEFL DIP Books
• AIOU M.A Urdu Books
• AIOU M.Ed Books
• AIOU M.PHIL Books
• AIOU MA Special Education Books
• AIOU Matric Books
• AIOU MBA Urdu Books
• AIOU MPA Executive Books
• AIOU MSc Books
• AIOU PHD Books
• AIOU Postgraduate Diploma Books
• AIOU PTC Books
• AIOU Short Term Educational Programmes Books
• AIOU Degree Verification System
• UOG Past Papers
• UOG Past Papers BA
• UOG Past Papers BCom
• UOG Past Papers BSc
• UOG Past Papers ICom
• UOG Past Papers MA
• UOG Past Papers MCom
• UOG Past Papers MSc
• UOG Syllabus for Private and Regular Students
• UOG Syllabus Botany
• UOG Syllabus Chemistry
• UOG Syllabus Commerce
• UOG Syllabus Computer Science
• UOG Syllabus Economics
• UOG Syllabus Education
• UOG Syllabus English
• UOG Syllabus Fine Arts
• UOG Syllabus Geography
• UOG Syllabus History
• UOG Syllabus International Relation
• UOG Syllabus Islamic Study
• UOG Syllabus Mathematics
• UOG Syllabus Pak Study
• UOG Syllabus Physical Education
• UOG Syllabus Physics
• UOG Syllabus Political Science
• UOG Syllabus Psychology
• UOG Syllabus Sociology
• UOG Syllabus Statistics
• UOG Syllabus Urdu
• PU Past Papers
• PU Past Papers B.B.A
• PU Past Papers B.Com
• PU Past Papers B.S Applied Geology
• PU Past Papers B.S.Ed
• PU Past Papers Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D)
• PU Past Papers LL.B
• PU Past Papers M.A./ M.Sc
• PU Past Papers M.B.A
• Conversation
• English Grammar
• English Speaking
• Accounting MCQ
• Auditing Mcqs
• Chemical Engineering MCQs
• Civil Engineering MCQ
• Electrical Engineering MCQs
• Finance MCQs
• Human Resource Management Mcqs
• Marketing Management MCQ
• Mechanical Engineering MCQs
• Test Preparation Biology
• Test Preparation BPSC
• Test Preparation Chemistry
• Test Preparation Computer
• Test Preparation Current Affairs
• Test Preparation English
• Test Preparation English Grammar
• Test Preparation FPSC
• Test Preparation General Knowledge
• Test Preparation Islamic Studies
• Test Preparation KPPSC
• Test Preparation Math
• Test Preparation NTS
• Test Preparation Pakistan Studies
• Test Preparation Pedagogy
• Test Preparation Physics
• Test Preparation PPSC
• Test Preparation SPSC
• Test Preparation Urdu
• UOG Registrations
• UOG Admissions
• UOG Date Sheets
• UOG Results
• UOG Syllabus Zoology

AIOU Code 405 Iqbaliat Solved Assignments Spring And Autumn

Change Exam Center AIOU

AIOU Code 422 Organizing Library Resources Solved Assignments Spring And Autumn

AIOU Code 423 Library Services Solved Assignments Spring And Autumn

UOG PU UOS M.A Urdu Part 1 And Part 2 Solved…

M.A Urdu Guide PDF Download

University of Sargodha UOS University of Gujrat UOG Solved Objective Questions…

Download Roll No Slip for BA BSc Associate Degree Part II…

University of Punjab Past Papers of Last 5 Years MA MSC…

Aiou bachelor ba bcom solved assignments.

AIOU Books Download PDF Part 5

AIOU Solved Notes Code 9442 Office Automation PDF

AIOU Solved Notes Code 9441 Anthropology PDF

Important Computer MCQs From Basic To Advance

100 Physics Questions and Answers

FIA Test Preparation Books PDF Download Free For All Posts

Marketing Management MCQ With Answers

Aiou solved assignments spring 2023 download free pdf.

Download Current Semester New Assignments Click Here

AIOU Solved Assignments Spring 2023 Download Free PDF. AIOU stands for Allama Iqbal Open University , which is a public research university located in Islamabad, Pakistan. It was established in 1974 and is known for its distance education programs that cater to students from all over Pakistan and other countries. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) is a renowned institution in Pakistan, that provides distance learning education to students across the country. The university offers various undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate programs in different fields. To ensure that students receive a quality education, AIOU has a rigorous assessment system, which includes assignments, quizzes, and exams. To help students with their assignments, the university provides solved assignments, which are available in the form of PDFs. AIOU Solved Assignments Spring 2023 Download Free PDF.

AIOU offers a wide range of academic programs, including undergraduate and graduate degrees, diplomas, and certificates in various fields of study. It also provides a variety of professional development courses and training programs to help individuals improve their skills and knowledge.

One of the key features of AIOU’s distance education system is the use of assignments as a means of assessing students’ learning and understanding of course material. Students are required to complete assignments for each course they are enrolled in, and these assignments carry a significant weightage in their overall course grades.

To help students prepare for these assignments, AIOU provides solved assignments that include sample answers and explanations to commonly asked questions. These solved assignments are designed to help students understand the concepts and topics covered in their course and provide them with a framework for approaching their own assignments.

What are Solved Assignments?

Solved assignments are the answers to the questions given in the assignment provided by the university. These assignments are solved by experts who have a deep understanding of the subject matter. The solved assignments are designed to help students understand the concepts and ideas presented in the course material. They also help students to prepare for their exams by providing them with a clear understanding of the topics covered in the course.

Importance of Solved Assignments:

Solved assignments are an essential part of the learning process. They help students to gain a better understanding of the course material and develop critical thinking skills. Solved assignments provide students with a clear understanding of the topics covered in the course, which helps them to prepare for their exams. Moreover, solved assignments also serve as a reference guide for students who are struggling with a particular concept.

Benefits of Downloading AIOU Solved Assignments:

AIOU solved assignments are available in PDF format, which makes it easy for students to download and access them on their devices. The solved assignments are designed to help students understand the course material better, which ultimately leads to better grades. By downloading the solved assignments, students can get an idea of the type of questions that are likely to be asked in the exams. This helps them to prepare for their exams in a better way.

Furthermore, solved assignments can also be used as a reference guide for future studies. Students can refer to these assignments when they are revising for exams or when they are studying a particular topic. Solved assignments are an excellent resource for students who are struggling with a particular topic or concept. By referring to the solved assignments, students can get a clear understanding of the topic, which can help them to improve their grades.

How to Download AIOU Solved Assignments:

To download AIOU-solved assignments, students need to follow a few simple steps. Firstly, they need to visit the official website of AIOU. Once on the website, students need to navigate to the assignments section. In this section, students can find the solved assignments for their respective courses. They can select the course they are enrolled in and download the solved assignments in PDF format.

It is essential to note that students should only download the solved assignments from the official website of AIOU. There are several websites that claim to provide solved assignments, but these assignments may not be accurate or reliable. Therefore, students should only rely on the official website of AIOU to download their solved assignments.

AIOU solved assignments are an excellent resource for students who are looking to improve their grades and gain a better understanding of the course material. These assignments are designed to help students understand the topics covered in the course, and they serve as a reference guide for future studies. By downloading the solved assignments, students can get an idea of the type of questions that are likely to be asked in the exams, which helps them to prepare for their exams in a better way. Therefore, students should take advantage of this resource and download the solved assignments from the official website of AIOU.

Now let’s talk about how to download AIOU solved assignments for Spring 2023 in PDF format. There are several ways to do this, depending on your preferences and circumstances.

The first option is to visit the AIOU website and download the solved assignments from there. To do this, follow these steps:

• Go to the website ( www.skilling.pk ).
• Click on the “Assignments” tab in the main menu.
• Select your program level (e.g., Bachelor’s, Master’s, etc.) and then select your course code from the list of available courses.
• Click on the “Download” button next to the solved assignment for your course.
• The solved assignment will be downloaded in PDF format, which you can save or print as needed.

Most Popular

• AIOU Solved Past Papers 1019
• Allama Iqbal Open University AIOU 883
• AIOU Solved Guess Papers and Notes 358
• Past Papers 337
• Education 195
• Spoken English 145
• University of the Punjab 118
• PU Past Papers 113
• Test Preparation 106
• English Speaking 83
• AIOU Guess Papers 78
• Privacy Policy

Aiou Edu Pak

AIOU Solved Assignments 2023 Download Free PDF

Allama Iqbal Open University Solved Assignments for all the courses i.e. BA, FA, M.A, Matric, etc. are all set to be downloaded in Word and Pdf here. There is always a specific deadline to submit a specific assignment to the assigned Tutor . Download AIOU Assignments Solved for the degree, before the last date.

According to the University, AIOU Solved Assignments are compulsory to submit for passing each selected course. So, we are here to assist you, how to Download Solved Assignments in Pdf and submit them to get passed. As per the rule, 30% of the total marks are assigned to the written Assignments. 

AIOU Solved Assignment Spring 2023 PDF

Enrolled students of AIOU can find the Spring Assignment complete in PDF format here. This website share in-depth material and announcement about all the course assignments for the spring semester, including their questions with their relevant answers. Moreover, scholars can scan their desired assignments, for the sake of assistance during writing their assignments. All the assignments are easily downloadable.

AIOU Solved Assignment Autumn 2023 PDF

Studying at AIOU offers an opportunity for individuals to write assignments on pages as well as on a laptop. Now Solved AIOU Assignments of the Autumn Semester are shared on a single platform. Within a wide range of codes, you can choose your elected code, because we are going to provide each code in a sequence. Moreover, individuals can upload both Assignments of Autumn concurrently.

Download AIOU Solved Assignments

The students can now avail of the online service to Download the Solved Assignment of AIOU. They are not forced to write all questions with copy-paste. Moreover, if you are busy and unable to write then download it from here and submit it with your name. But, make sure that you shouldn’t copy-paste all the material, otherwise the tutor has the authority to fail you. Sometimes tutors fail with remarks copy-paste material. Hence, download solved assignments in Microsoft Word format, do some changes, convert them into PDF, and then finally upload.

In the above-mentioned Table, all AIOU Solved Assignments are separated in a sequence. In each category, you will find your relevant course and its codes. These assignments incorporated the solutions to the asked questions by the university. Most of the files will be in Word and PDF format for ease of the students. In Word format, you can make changes, while in PDF format you can’t do any changes.

AIOU Solved Assignment PDF All Codes

There are a lot of codes in AIOU Degree . Sometimes a student even forgets his/her own subject codes. Hence it is necessary we arrange AIOU Solved Assignment Code division-wise. These notes are very important from an exam point of view. Because most of the final papers are asked from these 10 questions. Hence save these provided homework notes file on your Mobile or Laptop, and revise them during the exams.

In conclusion, you can also check how to submit your solved written assignment on LMS. It’s the right time to Download Spring and Autumn semester’s solved assignment, check your assigned tutor information, and finally send it to him through your LMS Portal . 

Similar Posts

AIOU Assignment Submission on Aaghi LMS

Are you newly enrolled in AIOU, and anxious about how to AIOU Assignment Submission on Aaghi LMS Portal? While uploading the AIOU Assignment on Mobile and Laptop, are you having any difficulty? It’s all right! This post is going to solve your problem!! Now by following just a few steps, you can be an expert…

AIOU B.Ed Solved Assignments Download PDF Free

Are you in search of AIOU B.Ed Solved Assignments of all the codes? Optional and compulsory courses of 1.5, 2.5, and 4-year B.Ed programs are available to download in PDF. Simply find your code in the provided list below, and click on the download button.  AIOU is offering so many B.Ed programs. The minimum time…

AIOU Inter (FA ICOM) Solved Assignments PDF

Are you a student of intermediate and you want to download AIOU FA Solved Assignments or ICOM Assignments in Pdf? Certainly you are at the right place to download each of your subject assignment in Pdf. All courses of FA / I.COM Class Solved Assignments of Spring/Autumn are easily downloadable.  AIOU offers a a tremendous…

AIOU M.Ed Solved Assignments Download PDF

Are you looking for AIOU M.Ed Solved Assignments in Pdf or Word format? Are you a student of an M.Ed 1 Year course in any field from an open university? If yes! Then you are on the right article where you find all the course assignments with their codes. There is an exceptional opportunity for…

AIOU Assignment Format Question Papers Answers Download

According to AIOU, submission of AIOU Assignments of each code is compulsory. for getting higher grades AIOU Assignment Format is useful. If you start your journey in this online university and are in search of information on Assignments, you’ll find your queries here. AIOU Assignment Format can be handwritten if you are a student of…

AIOU Solved Assignments ADC ADB ADE Download PDF

Are you looking for AIOU 2-Year Associate Degree Program Assignments in PDF? AIOU Solved ADE Assignments are going to download with one click. You just need your code and subject name, press on PDF, and automatically Solved Assignment would be downloaded.  Associate Degree Program is also called ADP, while ADC (Associate Degree in Commerce), ADE…

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) Books, Assignments, Study Material and News Updates Hub

• Updates/News
• Solved Assignments Available
• AIOU Solved Assignments Free Without Watermark
• Guess Papers
• Past Papers
• Assignment Questions

Sunday, July 23

Business statistics (1430) - spring - 2023 assignment 1.

Business Statistics (1430)           

(a)Q. 1 Differentiate between populations and samples, and describe some advantages of samples over populations.           (10)

(b) Why a frequency distribution is constructed? Explain various steps involved in the construction of a frequency distribution.        (10)

(a) Differentiating between populations and samples and advantages of samples over populations:

Population:

In statistics, a population refers to the entire group or set of individuals, items, or data that share a common characteristic and are of interest to a researcher. For example, if a researcher wants to study the average height of all adult males in a country, the population would include all adult males in that country. Populations can be finite, like the number of students in a school, or infinite, like the possible outcomes of rolling a dice an infinite number of times.

Dear Student,

Ye sample assignment h. Ye bilkul copy paste h jo dusre student k pass b available h. Agr ap ne university assignment send krni h to UNIQUE assignment hasil krne k lye ham c contact kren:

0313-6483019

0334-6483019

0343-6244948

University c related har news c update rehne k lye hamra channel subscribe kren:

A sample, on the other hand, is a subset or a smaller representative group taken from the entire population. Researchers use samples to draw inferences and make predictions about the entire population without having to study every individual in it. In the height example, instead of measuring the height of every adult male in the country, the researcher can select a smaller group of adult males, measure their heights, and use that information to make inferences about the entire population.

Advantages of samples over populations:

1. Cost and Time Efficiency: Studying an entire population can be time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes impractical. By using a sample, researchers can collect the necessary data efficiently and at a lower cost.

2. Feasibility: In some cases, it may not be feasible to access or gather data from an entire population due to geographical, logistical, or other constraints. A sample allows researchers to work with more manageable and accessible data.

3. Reduced Bias: When dealing with large populations, collecting data from every individual can introduce errors and biases. A carefully selected and representative sample can help minimize such biases, leading to more accurate results.

4. Ethical Considerations: In situations where studying the entire population could cause harm or discomfort to individuals, using a sample that provides comparable insights can be a more ethical approach.

5. Extrapolation: By analyzing a representative sample, researchers can make valid inferences and generalize their findings to the entire population, which is often the goal of statistical research.

6. Testing and Piloting: Before conducting large-scale research or experiments, researchers often pilot their studies on a sample to identify potential flaws or areas for improvement in their methodologies.

7. Manageable Data Analysis: Dealing with data from an entire population can be overwhelming. Working with a sample allows researchers to perform more focused and manageable data analysis.

(b) Explanation of constructing a frequency distribution and steps involved:

Frequency Distribution:

A frequency distribution is a tabular or graphical representation that shows the number of occurrences (frequency) of each distinct value or category in a dataset. It helps to organize and summarize data, making it easier to understand patterns, trends, and distributions within the dataset.

Steps involved in constructing a frequency distribution:

1. Data Collection:

The first step in constructing a frequency distribution is to collect the data. This could be done through surveys, experiments, observations, or any other data collection method appropriate for the study.

2. Data Organization:

Once the data is collected, it needs to be organized in a systematic manner. Arrange the data in ascending or descending order, depending on the nature of the data, to facilitate the construction of the frequency distribution.

3. Determine the Number of Classes (Categories):

The next step is to decide how many classes or categories will be used to group the data. The number of classes should be sufficient to capture the variation in the data but not too large to lose the essential information. The choice of the number of classes can be based on various methods, such as the Sturges formula or the square root rule.

4. Calculate the Range:

Find the range of the data, which is the difference between the maximum and minimum values. The range helps in determining the width of each class interval.

5. Calculate the Class Width:

To calculate the class width, divide the range by the number of classes. Round up to the nearest convenient number to ensure that the classes are of equal width.

6. Create Class Intervals:

Using the class width, create non-overlapping intervals or bins that cover the entire range of the data. The class intervals should be continuous and should not leave any gaps.

7. Tally the Data:

Go through the data and place each observation into its corresponding class interval. Keep a tally or count of the number of data points in each interval.

8. Calculate Frequencies:

Convert the tallies to actual frequencies, which represent the number of occurrences of data points in each class interval.

9. Optional: Construct Cumulative Frequency Distribution:

If desired, a cumulative frequency distribution can be constructed. It shows the total number of data points that fall within or below each class interval.

10. Optional: Create a Frequency Table or Graph:

Present the frequency distribution in a tabular form or visually represent it using graphs like histograms, bar charts, or frequency polygons. A graph makes it easier to visualize the data distribution and identify any patterns or outliers.

In conclusion, constructing a frequency distribution is an essential step in organizing and summarizing data, making it easier to extract meaningful insights and draw conclusions from the dataset. By following the steps mentioned above, researchers can effectively analyze and present their data in a clear and concise manner.

Q. 2    A certain Transportation Commission is concerned about the speed motorists are deriving on a section of the main highway. Here are the speeds of 45 motorists:     

           15         32         45         46         42         39         68         47         18         31         48         49

            56         52         39         48         69         61         44         42         38         52         55         58

            62         58         48         56         58         48         47         52         37         64         29         55

            38         29         62         49         69         18         61         55

            Use these data to construct relative frequency distributions using 5 equal intervals and II equal intervals. The Department of transportation (DOT) reports that no more than 10 percent of the motorists exceed 55 mph.

Do the motorists follow the DOT's report about driving pattern? Which distribution did you use to answer this part?   (10)

(b)        The DOT has determined that the safest speed for this highway is more than 36 but less than 59 mph. What percent of the motorists drive within this range? Which distribution did you use to answer this part?                                                 (10)

To construct the relative frequency distributions using 5 equal intervals and 11 equal intervals, we first need to organize the given data in ascending order. Then, we will calculate the frequency of each interval and the relative frequency (percentage) of motorists falling within each interval. Once the distributions are constructed, we can answer the questions regarding the driving patterns and the percentage of motorists driving within the specified range.

Given data:

15 32 45 46 42 39 68 47 18 31 48 49

56 52 39 48 69 61 44 42 38 52 55 58

62 58 48 56 58 48 47 52 37 64 29 55

38 29 62 49 69 18 61 55

(a) Constructing relative frequency distributions using 5 equal intervals and 11 equal intervals:

Step 1: Organize the data in ascending order:

15 18 18 29 29 31 32 37 38 38 39 39 42 44 45 46 47 47 48 48 48 49

49 52 52 52 55 55 55 56 56 58 58 58 61 61 62 62 64 68 69 69

Step 2: Determine the range and the width of intervals:

Range = Maximum value - Minimum value

Range = 69 - 15 = 54

Width of intervals for 5 equal intervals:

Interval width = Range / Number of intervals

Interval width = 54 / 5 = 10.8 (Approximately 11)

Width of intervals for 11 equal intervals:

Interval width = 54 / 11 ≈ 4.91 (Approximately 5)

Step 3: Create intervals for 5 equal intervals:

Interval 1: 15 - 25 (11 motorists)

Interval 2: 26 - 36 (4 motorists)

Interval 3: 37 - 47 (7 motorists)

Interval 4: 48 - 58 (16 motorists)

Interval 5: 59 - 69 (7 motorists)

Step 4: Create intervals for 11 equal intervals:

Interval 1: 15 - 20 (2 motorists)

Interval 2: 21 - 26 (2 motorists)

Interval 3: 27 - 32 (2 motorists)

Interval 4: 33 - 38 (5 motorists)

Interval 5: 39 - 44 (6 motorists)

Interval 6: 45 - 50 (9 motorists)

Interval 7: 51 - 56 (11 motorists)

Interval 8: 57 - 62 (7 motorists)

Interval 9: 63 - 68 (2 motorists)

Interval 10: 69 - 74 (2 motorists)

Step 5: Calculate the frequency and relative frequency (percentage) for each interval:

For 5 equal intervals:

Interval 1: 11 motorists (Frequency) - 24.44% (Relative frequency)

Interval 2: 4 motorists (Frequency) - 8.88% (Relative frequency)

Interval 3: 7 motorists (Frequency) - 15.55% (Relative frequency)

Interval 4: 16 motorists (Frequency) - 35.55% (Relative frequency)

Interval 5: 7 motorists (Frequency) - 15.55% (Relative frequency)

For 11 equal intervals:

Interval 1: 2 motorists (Frequency) - 4.44% (Relative frequency)

Interval 2: 2 motorists (Frequency) - 4.44% (Relative frequency)

Interval 3: 2 motorists (Frequency) - 4.44% (Relative frequency)

Interval 4: 5 motorists (Frequency) - 11.11% (Relative frequency)

Interval 5: 6 motorists (Frequency) - 13.33% (Relative frequency)

Interval 6: 9 motorists (Frequency) - 20.00% (Relative frequency)

Interval 7: 11 motorists (Frequency) - 24.44% (Relative frequency)

Interval 8: 7 motorists (Frequency) - 15.55% (Relative frequency)

Interval 9: 2 motorists (Frequency) - 4.44% (Relative frequency)

Interval 10: 2 motorists (Frequency) - 4.44% (Relative frequency)

(b) Analyzing the results and answering the questions:

(a) Do the motorists follow the DOT's report about the driving pattern? Which distribution did you use to answer this part?

To answer this part, we need to check if no more than 10 percent of the motorists exceed 55 mph. From both distributions, we can see that the percentage of motorists driving above 55 mph is more than 10 percent in both cases.

In the 5 equal intervals distribution, there are 7 motorists (15.55%) in the last interval (59-69), which exceeds the 10 percent threshold.

In the 11 equal intervals distribution, there are 2 motorists (4.44%) in the last interval (69-74), which also exceeds the 10 percent threshold.

Based on the data, it appears that the motorists do not fully follow the DOT's report about the driving pattern, as more than 10 percent of them are driving above 55 mph.

(b) The DOT has determined that the safest speed for this highway is more than 36 but less than 59 mph. What percent of the motorists drive within this range? Which distribution did you use to answer this part?

To answer this part, we need to calculate the percentage of motorists who fall within the range of more than 36 but less than 59 mph. We can use either distribution to calculate this percentage.

In the 5 equal intervals distribution, the motorists falling within the range (37-58) are in Interval 3 and Interval 4:

Interval 3: 7 motorists (15.55%)

Interval 4: 16 motorists (35.55%)

Total percentage of motorists driving within the range: 15.55% + 35.55% = 51.10%

In the 11 equal intervals distribution, the motorists falling within the range (39-58) are in Interval 5, Interval 6, Interval 7, and Interval 8:

Interval 5: 6 motorists (13.33%)

Interval 6: 9 motorists (20.00%)

Interval 7: 11 motorists (24.44%)

Interval 8: 7 motorists (15.55%)

Total percentage of motorists driving within the range: 13.33% + 20.00% + 24.44% + 15.55% = 73.32%

Based on the data from both distributions, a higher percentage of motorists (73.32%) drive within the range specified by the DOT (more than 36 but less than 59 mph) in the 11 equal intervals distribution. Therefore, the 11 equal intervals distribution provides a more accurate representation of the percentage of motorists driving within the specified range on the highway.

In conclusion, the relative frequency distributions using 5 equal intervals and 11 equal intervals show that a significant portion of motorists exceed the speed limit of 55 mph, as reported

by the DOT. However, a higher percentage of motorists drive within the safe speed range of more than 36 but less than 59 mph, especially when using the 11 equal intervals distribution. It is important for the Transportation Commission to consider these findings to address speeding concerns and promote safer driving habits on the highway.

Q. 3    (a)       Differentiate between simple histogram and relative frequency histogram.    (10)

           (b)       Here is a frequency distribution of length of phone calls made by 175 people during a Labor Day weekend. Construct histogram and frequency polygon for these data.             (10)

(a) Differentiating between a simple histogram and a relative frequency histogram:

1. Simple Histogram:

A simple histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data. It consists of bars or rectangles, where the width of each bar represents a class interval and the height of the bar corresponds to the frequency or count of data points falling within that interval. The data is grouped into intervals or bins, and the bars are placed above each interval on the horizontal axis. Simple histograms are used to visualize the distribution and frequency of data, helping to identify patterns, trends, and outliers.

2. Relative Frequency Histogram:

A relative frequency histogram is similar to a simple histogram, but instead of showing the actual frequencies or counts, it represents the relative frequencies or proportions of each class interval. The relative frequency of a class interval is calculated by dividing the frequency of that interval by the total number of data points. The height of each bar in a relative frequency histogram represents the proportion or percentage of data points falling within that interval. Relative frequency histograms are particularly useful when comparing datasets with different sample sizes or when analyzing data with varying total counts.

Main differences:

- Scale: In a simple histogram, the vertical axis represents the actual frequencies or counts of data points, while in a relative frequency histogram, it represents the relative frequencies or proportions.

- Interpretation: Simple histograms are useful for understanding the distribution and frequency of data in absolute terms, while relative frequency histograms allow for the comparison of proportions across different datasets or sample sizes.

- Y-axis units: The y-axis of a simple histogram shows the actual counts, whereas the y-axis of a relative frequency histogram displays proportions or percentages.

- Total area: The total area under the bars in a simple histogram represents the total number of data points, while in a relative frequency histogram, the total area under the bars adds up to 1 (or 100% if represented as percentages).

- Use cases: Simple histograms are commonly used when the focus is on the actual counts of data points, while relative frequency histograms are more suitable when the emphasis is on understanding the proportion of data points within each interval relative to the total data.

(b) Constructing a histogram and frequency polygon for the given frequency distribution:

To construct a histogram and frequency polygon, we will follow these steps:

Step 1: Organize the data into a table with two columns - Length in Minutes (class intervals) and Frequency.

Length in Minutes | Frequency

-----------------|----------

1–7               | 45

8–14              | 32

15–21             | 34

22–28             | 22

29–35             | 16

39–42             | 12

43–49             | 9

50–56             | 5

The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the class intervals.

Range = (56 - 1) = 55

Next, we need to determine the width of each interval. For this, we can choose any convenient number, but it should be consistent with the data and not too wide or too narrow. Let's choose a width of 7.

Step 3: Create the histogram:

Now, we will construct the histogram using the frequency distribution data:

Length in Minutes | Frequency | Histogram

-----------------|-----------|----------

1–7               | 45         | ***********

8–14              | 32         | ********

15–21             | 34         | *********

22–28             | 22         | ******

29–35              | 16         | ****

39–42             | 12         | ***

43–49             | 9          | **

50–56             | 5          | *

In the histogram, each bar's length is determined by the frequency of the corresponding class interval. The number of asterisks (*) represents the frequency in each interval, and the width of each interval is 7 minutes.

Step 4: Create the frequency polygon:

A frequency polygon is a line graph that represents the frequencies of the class intervals. It is constructed by plotting points at the midpoint of each interval and then connecting the points with straight lines.

To construct the frequency polygon, we need to find the midpoints of each class interval:

Midpoint = (Lower Limit + Upper Limit) / 2

Midpoint for each interval:

1–7: (1 + 7) / 2 = 4

8–14: (8 + 14) / 2 = 11

15–21: (15 + 21) / 2 = 18

22–28: (22 + 28) / 2 = 25

29–35: (29 + 35) / 2 = 32

39–42: (39 + 42) / 2 = 40.5

43–49: (43 + 49) / 2 = 46

50–56: (50 + 56) / 2 = 53

Now, we can plot the frequency polygon:

Frequency Polygon:

(4, 45) - (11, 32) - (18, 34) - (25, 22) - (32, 16) - (40.5, 12) - (46, 9) - (53, 5)

In the frequency polygon, each point represents the midpoint of the corresponding class interval, and the vertical position of the point represents the frequency. The points are then connected with straight lines.

By constructing the histogram and frequency polygon for the given frequency distribution, we have visually represented the distribution of phone call lengths during the Labor Day weekend. These graphical representations help to better understand the patterns and frequencies of phone call lengths made by 175 people during that time.

Q. 4      The administrator of a hospital surveyed the number of days 200 randomly chosen patients stayed in the hospital following an operation. The data are.    

            (a)        Calculate mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.             (10)

            (b)        According to Chebyshev's theorem, how many stays should be between 0 and 17 days? How many are actually in that interval?          (05)

            (c)        Because the distribution is roughly bell-shaped, how many stays can we expect between 0 and 17 days?   (05)

(a) Calculating mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation:

Step 1: Set up the data in a table with two columns - Hospital Stay in Days (class intervals) and Frequency.

Hospital Stay in Days | Frequency

---------------------|----------

1–3                   | 18

4–6                   | 90

7–9                   | 44

10–12                 | 21

13–15                  | 9

16–18                 | 9

19–21                 | 4

22–24                 | 5

Step 2: Find the midpoint of each class interval:

1–3: (1 + 3) / 2 = 2

4–6: (4 + 6) / 2 = 5

7–9: (7 + 9) / 2 = 8

10–12: (10 + 12) / 2 = 11

13–15: (13 + 15) / 2 = 14

16–18: (16 + 18) / 2 = 17

19–21: (19 + 21) / 2 = 20

22–24: (22 + 24) / 2 = 23

Step 3: Calculate the weighted mean:

Weighted Mean = Σ (Midpoint × Frequency) / Σ Frequency

Weighted Mean = (2×18 + 5×90 + 8×44 + 11×21 + 14×9 + 17×9 + 20×4 + 23×5) / (18 + 90 + 44 + 21 + 9 + 9 + 4 + 5)

Weighted Mean = (36 + 450 + 352 + 231 + 126 + 153 + 80 + 115) / 200

Weighted Mean = 1563 / 200

Weighted Mean = 7.815

Step 4: Calculate the standard deviation:

To calculate the standard deviation, we first need to calculate the variance.

Variance = Σ [(Midpoint - Mean)² × Frequency] / Σ Frequency

Variance = [(2 - 7.815)² × 18 + (5 - 7.815)² × 90 + (8 - 7.815)² × 44 + (11 - 7.815)² × 21 + (14 - 7.815)² × 9 + (17 - 7.815)² × 9 + (20 - 7.815)² × 4 + (23 - 7.815)² × 5] / 200

Variance = [(-5.815)² × 18 + (-2.815)² × 90 + (0.185)² × 44 + (3.185)² × 21 + (6.185)² × 9 + (9.185)² × 9 + (12.185)² × 4 + (15.185)² × 5] / 200

Variance = [33.841 × 18 + 7.928 × 90 + 0.034 × 44 + 10.161 × 21 + 38.292 × 9 + 84.508 × 9 + 148.741 × 4 + 229.807 × 5] / 200

Variance = (608.538 + 713.52 + 1.496 + 213.378 + 344.628 + 760.572 + 594.964 + 1149.035) / 200

Variance = 4384.151 / 200

Variance = 21.920755

Standard Deviation = √Variance

Standard Deviation = √21.920755

Standard Deviation ≈ 4.678

Step 5: Calculate the coefficient of variation (CV):

Coefficient of Variation (CV) = (Standard Deviation / Mean) × 100

CV = (4.678 / 7.815) × 100

CV ≈ 59.86%

(b) According to Chebyshev's theorem, how many stays should be between 0 and 17 days? How many are actually in that interval?

Chebyshev's theorem states that for any distribution (regardless of its shape), the proportion of data points that fall within k standard deviations from the mean is at least (1 - 1/k²), where k is a positive constant greater than 1.

In our case, we already calculated the mean and standard deviation:

Mean = 7.815

Standard Deviation = 4.678

To find the number of stays that should be between 0 and 17 days according to Chebyshev's theorem, we will use k = 2 (since k must be greater than 1).

Proportion within 2 standard deviations from the mean = 1 - 1/2² = 1 - 1/4 = 3/4

Number of stays within 2 standard deviations from the mean = Proportion × Total number of data points

Number of stays within 2 standard deviations = (3/4) × 200 = 150

Now, let's see how many stays are actually in that interval (0-17 days):

From the given frequency distribution, we have:

1-3 days: 18 stays

4-6 days: 90 stays

7-9 days: 44 stays

10-12 days: 21 stays

13-15 days: 9 stays

16-18 days: 9 stays

Total stays in the 0-17 days interval = 18 + 90 + 44 + 21 + 9 + 9 = 191

So, according to Chebyshev's theorem, at least 150 stays should be between 0 and 17 days. However, in the given data, there are actually 191 stays in that interval.

(c) Because the distribution is roughly bell-shaped, how many stays can we expect between 0 and 17 days?

Since the distribution is roughly bell-shaped, we can expect a higher concentration of data points around the mean, and a symmetrical distribution. In a normal distribution (bell-shaped), the majority of data points are clustered around the mean, with a decreasing number of data points as we move away from the mean.

Based on Chebyshev's theorem, we can expect at least 150 stays (75% of the data) to be within 2 standard deviations from the mean. However, since the distribution is roughly bell-shaped, we can expect an even higher percentage of stays to be within that range.

Q. 5    (a)       Differentiate between the following: (i) Type I and Type II errors, (ii) Two-tailed and one tailed tests of hypotheses and (Hi) Hypotheses testing of means when the population standard deviation is known and not known.            (10)

(b) For a sample of 60 women taken from population of over 5000 enrolled in a weight-reducing program

13–15                 | 9

22–24                | 5

Based on Chebyshev's theorem, we can expect at least 150 stays (75% of the data) to be within 2 standard deviations from the mean. However, since the distribution is roughly bell-shaped, we can expect an even higher percentage of stays to be within that range. Dear Student,

Past Papers

• Latest Jobs
• Latest Admissions
• Latest Government Jobs
• Latest Private Jobs
• Computer Science and IT
• Engineering and Technology
• Medical and Health Sciences

Business Statistics Code No. 1430 Past Papers | AIOU

• AIOU Past Papers »
• B.Com (ADC) »
• Business Statistics (1430)

Download and view past papers for Business Statistics code number 1430 (AIOU) for the semester of spring and autumn. It is a 3 credit hours book.Old papers will provide a clear understanding of important areas or parts of the subjects. Also previous examinations papers will provide a guess for the upcoming examination.Below table provide past papers. Click on the link to view:

Related Subjects

• Basics of Information Communication Technology (1431)
• Business Mathematics (1429)
• Commercial Geography (1428)
• Principle of Management (1427)
• Compulsory English-II (1424)
• Compulsory English-I (1423)
• Business Communication (1416)
• Introduction to Business Finance (1415)

Related Articles

Contacs us (query/feedback)

Home » AIOU FA SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS » AIOU Free Solved Assignments 2023

AIOU Free Solved Assignments 2023

Are you a student of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) searching for free solved assignments for the year 2023? Look no further! In this post, we will explore how you can conveniently obtain AIOU solved assignments through the user-friendly platform, AIOU Studio 9. With a vast collection of free assignment solutions available in PDF format, AIOU Studio 9 ensures that you have the resources you need to excel in your studies. Let’s delve into the process and discover how you can access these valuable materials hassle-free.

What are AIOU’s Solved Assignments?

AIOU solved assignments refer to pre-prepared solutions for the assignments issued by AIOU for various courses and programs. These assignments provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the topics and enable them to complete their coursework successfully. AIOU Studio 9 offers an extensive collection of solved assignments for the year 2023, catering to multiple disciplines and study levels.

Accessing AIOU Assignment 2023 Solved Materials

To download the AIOU assignment 2023 solved materials from AIOU Studio 9, follow these simple steps:

a) Visit the AIOU Studio 9 website Aiou Studio 9 . b) Navigate to the “Assignments” section on the website’s homepage. c) Look for the “2023 Assignments” category and click on it. d) Choose your program and select the relevant course. e) You will find a list of available solved assignments for that course. f) Click on the desired assignment to initiate the download process.

Benefits of AIOU Studio 9 for AIOU Solved Assignments:

By utilizing AIOU Studio 9 for accessing AIOU solved assignments, students can enjoy the following advantages:

Free of Cost AIOU Assignments:

AIOU Studio 9 provides all assignment solutions for the year 2023 absolutely free of charge, eliminating any financial burden on students.

Wide Range of AIOU Subjects

The platform offers a diverse range of subjects and programs, ensuring that students from various disciplines can find the solved assignments they need.

User-Friendly Interface

AIOU Studio 9 is designed with an intuitive interface, making it easy for students to navigate and quickly locate the desired assignments.

High-Quality AIOU Solutions

The solved assignments available on AIOU Studio 9 are meticulously prepared by subject matter experts, ensuring accuracy and reliability.

PDF Format Assignments

All solved assignments are provided in PDF format, allowing for easy viewing and printing according to students’ preferences.

Timely AIOU Updates

AIOU Studio 9 regularly updates its database with the latest solved assignments, ensuring that students have access to the most current materials.

Conclusion: AIOU Studio 9 is your one-stop destination for accessing AIOU assignment 2023 solved materials effortlessly. With its user-friendly interface, an extensive collection of free-solved assignments, and commitment to providing high-quality resources, AIOU Studio 9 proves to be an invaluable platform for AIOU students. Take advantage of this opportunity to enhance your academic journey and excel in your studies. Visit AIOU Studio 9 today and unlock a world of free solved assignments for the year 2023!

Share this:

AiouStudio9.com

• Online Test
• Universities
• Prize Bonds
• Applications

Allama Iqbal Open University solved assignments for spring & Autumn are available for Matric, F.A., B.A., BSc, MA, MSc, MET, and M.Ed levels. Here are the AIOU solved assignments for Autumn & spring 2022-.

AIOU Solved Assignment Download In PDF

Students can download AIOU solved assignments for the Matric FA BA Master program here.

AIOU Assignment Schedule for BS Programs / ADC / ADB

AIOU Assignment Schedule for PGD / MA / MSC / M.ED Programs

AIOU Assignment Schedule for BA / Associate Degree Programmed

AIOU Assignment Schedule for Matric & FA Programs

AIOU Matric Solved Assignments

AIOU Solved assignments for the matric class can be downloaded below based on your course code and assignment number.

AIOU Intermediate Solved Assignments FA

Please download the AIOU Solved Assignments for the Intermediate (F.A/ICS) class below.

AIOU B.A Solved Assignment In PDF Format

Here are the solved assignments for Bachelor programs (B.A./BCom). Please download the assignments based on your course code.

AIOU B.ED Solved Assignment

BED assignments for 1.5 / 2.5 / 4 years are given below, and please download your assignments according to your course code.

AIOU BA/BCOM And ADP Solved Assignment

These solved assignments are for B.A. – B.COM – ADP programs. Follow your course code to download.

AIOU BS Solved Assignments

Here you can download AIOU Solved Assignments according to your course code.

AIOU MA Urdu Solved Assignments Download In PDF

These assignments have been solved for M.A. Urdu classes at AIOU. Therefore, please download them according to the course code and assignment number you are assigned.

AIOU MA Islamic Studies Solved Assignments

Here are the AIOU-solved assignments. According to your course code, download the assignments.

AIOU MA Pak Studies Solved Assignments

Below are AIOU-solved assignments for your course code and assignment number. But first, make sure you are on the right website to download AIO U’s solved assignments.

How To Upload AIOU Assignments In LMS?

• AAGHI LMS portal can be accessed by entering the username and password provided by AIOU through the link: aaghi.aiou.edu.pk
• Select the course or subject in which you solved the assignment
• The ASSIGNMENT page will open
• Upload your pdf file from your computer
• Click the save button to save your changes
• You will submit all assignments here

AJK University Government Jobs February 2024 Latest Advertisement

Ms nursing admission in nmu nishtar medical university and hospital multan 2024-2025, uet ecat entry test 2024 registration online apply, leave a reply cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

BISE Sahiwal Result SSC-I 2024 | Check by Roll Number

Bise lahore 9th class result 2024 |check online by roll number, bise rawalpindi 9th class result (2024) | check online, 9th class result (2024) sargodha board | check online, editor picks, popular posts, popular category.

• Past Papers 145
• Govt Jobs 66
• 9th Class 60
• National 53
• 10th Class 39
• Salaries 32
• Education 32

Jamia Taleem is a plateform for students, teachers, job seekers, and other information related to career and education .

Contact us: [email protected]

© Jamia Taleem Pakistan

• Privacy Policy

AIOU Course Code 1430-1 Solved Assignment Spring 2022

Assignment no. 1.

• 1 Describe different methods of data presentation and arrangement.

Types of Data Presentation

• Diagrammatic

Textual Ways of Presenting Data

Tabular ways of data presentation and analysis, diagrammatic presentation: graphical presentation of data in statistics, multiple bar diagram, component bar diagram, frequency diagram, frequency polygon, frequency curve.

• 2 From the following data construct a frequency distribution and draw the histogram of the resulting frequency distribution.

• 3 (a) Describe the calculation of percentiles providing suitable formulae.
• Percentiles are used to understand and interpret data. They indicate the values below which a certain percentage of the data in a data set is found.
• Percentiles can be calculated using the formula n = (P/100) x N, where P = percentile, N = number of values in a data set (sorted from smallest to largest), and n = ordinal rank of a given value.
• Percentiles are frequently used to understand test scores and biometric measurements.
• 4 (a) Define population and sample standard deviations providing different methods of calculation.                                                                                          

Qualitative Differences

Quantitative difference.

• Calculate the mean.
• Subtract the mean from each value to obtain deviations from the mean.
• Square each of the deviations.
• Add together all of these squared deviations.
• If we are calculating the population standard deviation, then we divide by  n,  the number of data values.
• If we are calculating the sample standard deviation, then we divide by  n  -1, one less than the number of data values.

Coefficient of Variation Calculation

S 2  = ss⁄(n – 1) = 88.4/(10-1) = 9.82, s = √s 2  = √9.82 = 3.13, cv = (s/m)*100 = (3.13/20.4)*100 = 15.36.

• 5 The Statistics Department installed energy-efficient lights, heaters and air conditioners last year. Now they want to determine that the average monthly energy usage has decreased.
• State your  research hypothesis  as a  null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis  (H o ) and (Ha or H1).
• Collect data  in a way designed to test the hypothesis.
• Perform an appropriate  statistical test .
• Decide whether to reject or fail to reject your null hypothesis.
• Present the findings in your  results  and  discussion  section.

Step 1: State your null and alternate hypothesis

Step 2: collect data, step 3: perform a statistical test, step 4: decide whether to reject or fail to reject your null hypothesis, step 5: present your findings, share this:, leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Terms and Conditions
• Privacy Policy
• Contact Us !

•  Help Desk 
•  [email protected] 
•  Screen Reader
•  051-111-112-468

Assignments (QP)

Assignment question papers.

S.S.C., H.S.S.C.,ATTC,NFE& Literacy certificate, French Online Courses

Bachelor, ATTC, ADC,ADB,BS,BBA,B.ed, Post Graduate Courses

Bachelor, ADC,ADB,BS,BBA,B.Ed, Post Graduate Courses

Assignment Covering Form

Bachelor, ADC,ADB,BS,BBA,B.ed,Post Graduate Courses

S.S.C., H.S.S.C.,NFE& Literacy certificate, French Online Courses

Bachelor, ADC,ADB,BS,BBA,B.ed, Post Graduate Courses

S.S.C., H.S.S.C., French Online Courses

Bachelor, BS/BBA, B.Ed.,ATTC,CT,PTC Courses

All Post Graduate Courses

Contact info Address : Sector H-8, Islamabad [email protected] 051 111 112 468 Helpdesk --> Quick Links About Us Jobs Tender Notices Downloads Research ORIC AIOU Library For Query Email Us [email protected] (Admission) [email protected] (Examination) [email protected] (Regional Services) [email protected] (Student Advisory) [email protected] (Treasurer)

The Allama Iqbal Open University was established in May, 1974, with the main objectives of providing educational opportunities to masses and to those who cannot leave their homes and jobs. During all these past years, the University has more than fulfilled this promise.