• Home Energy & Utilities

Water Heater Buying Guide: Here's How to Make the Right Pick

In the market for a new water heater? If you get the wrong one, it can do a number on your energy bills. Here's how to make the right choice.

Water heater setup in the basement

It's important to understand the capacity, fuel and cost over time for water heaters such as this one.

You might not think much about your water heater -- unless it's not working . That's understandable: It's likely one of those appliances that came with your home when you bought it, or that you've bought and forgotten about. But did you know that the average water heater is a major energy eater? According to the US Department of Energy , water heating is the second-largest energy expense for most homes, accounting for nearly a fifth of all of your home's energy usage in a month.

For that reason, finding the right water heater is essential for your home and your energy bill. Finding the model you want in your home is not a decision you should take lightly. Water heaters will last anywhere from 10 to 20 years typically, depending on the type, which means you'll live with your choice -- and its expenses -- for up to two decades. You want that price tag to be as small as possible while getting the hot water you expect. 

You'll have to wade into the deep end and sort through the different types of water heaters, fuel sources, capacities, costs over time and additional features. While it may seem overwhelming at first, we're here to help you decide which water heater is right for you and your home. 

Types of water heaters

If you're new to the water heater market, you might not even realize there are different types to choose from. While storage water heaters remain the most common, there are a variety of water heater types, each with their own unique set of features and functions that set them apart. 

Storage water heater

"Storage water heaters, also called tank water heaters or traditional water heaters, use electricity or gas for heating water," said Kelly Russum, owner of KC's 23 ½ Hour Plumbing and Air Conditioning in Palm Springs, California. The storage water heater is the most common type of water heater for both residential and commercial buildings. It consists of a tank that holds a certain amount of water, typically ranging from 20 to 80 gallons. The tank is insulated to help retain heat and keep the water warm until it is needed.

A storage water heater heats water using an electric heating element or a gas burner located at the bottom of the tank. As cold water enters the tank through a supply pipe, hot water rises to the top of the tank where it's distributed to the rest of the house when a faucet or appliance calls for hot water.

Storage water heaters are relatively affordable, are simple to install and can supply hot water to multiple fixtures simultaneously. 

"Storage water heaters can offer between 20 to 80 gallons of water right away, which makes them an excellent solution for big families of four or six," Russum said.

However, they are energy inefficient and prone to lose heat from the tank even when hot water is not being used. Regular maintenance, such as flushing the tank to remove sediment buildup, keeps them as efficient as possible and prolongs their lifespan. 

Tankless water heater

A tankless water heater , sometimes called an on-demand or instantaneous water heater, doesn't use a storage tank and heats water only when it is needed, providing a continuous supply of hot water on demand. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels through a pipe into the unit, where it is heated, typically by a gas burner or an electric element. The heated water then flows out of the unit and to the desired fixture or appliance.

One major advantage of tankless water heaters is their energy efficiency . Since they only heat water as needed, there is no standby heat loss, resulting in potential energy savings over storage water heaters. Additionally, tankless heaters have a longer lifespan than storage heaters, often lasting 20 years or more with proper maintenance. 

"While they don't have a tank for storing water, they still need to be flushed from time to time to remove scaling and prevent breakdowns," Russum said.

Tankless water heaters have higher upfront costs than storage heaters and may require upgrades to gas lines or electrical systems during installation. They also have limited flow rates, which means the temperature of the water may fluctuate if multiple hot water sources are used simultaneously in a larger household.

water-heater-2

Adjusting your water heater's temperature can save you money without sacrificing comfort.

Heat pump water heater

A heat pump water heater is an increasingly popular alternative to traditional water heaters that moves heat from the surrounding air to the water being heated. It uses a compressor and refrigerant system to transfer heat from the air to the water in the tank where the heated water is stored for later use. It's the same principle that heat pumps use to heat or cool the air in your home.

One of the main advantages of heat pump water heaters is their high energy efficiency. By extracting heat from the air or ground rather than generating heat directly, these water heaters can produce hot water using significantly less energy than conventional options, resulting in lower utility bills.

Heat pump water heater adoption will likely rise over the next several years, as this type of water heater is the best fit to match new energy efficiency regulations enacted by the US Department of Energy.

"Heat pump water heaters are more costly to buy and install than other models," Russum said. "Their higher upfront cost pays off through lower electricity bills, though." Heat pump water heaters can also act as a dehumidifier and provide air conditioning in warmer climates. 

Heat pump water heaters may not be suitable for all climates or installation locations. Because they require adequate space and ventilation to operate efficiently, they may struggle in colder climates or poorly ventilated areas. The compressor and fan can also be noisy during operation. 

"Homeowners with a heat pump water need to remember about such maintenance tasks as cleaning the air filter regularly, checking the area around the unit to ensure adequate airflow and periodically checking the condensate drain to ensure it is not blocked," Russum said.

Solar water heater

A solar water heater is similar to a storage water heater, except it uses solar energy to heat water instead of gas or electricity. A typical solar water heater will have solar collectors that absorb sunlight and convert it into heat and a storage tank to hold the heated water. There are two main types of solar water heaters: active systems, which use pumps to circulate water through the collectors and into the storage tank; and passive systems, which rely on natural convection to circulate water.

Solar water heaters are environmentally friendly and don't require burning fossil fuels to generate heat, though they can have a backup heating system that relies on electricity or gas. While solar water heaters are typically considerably more expensive up front, "operational costs of solar water heaters are lower compared to storage and tankless water heaters," Russum said. Expect lower energy bills and a smaller carbon footprint from a solar water heater. The cost model mirrors that of residential solar panel systems -- these are a true investment that will save you more money, but it's going to take some time.

While solar water heaters tend to operate efficiently, performance may vary depending on location, climate and available sunlight. Maintenance and repair costs may also be a consideration. "If you have a solar water heater, remember to clean collector panels and remove sediment buildup in a tank," Russum said. 

solar water heater on a rooftop

Water heating fuel types

There are two primary fuel types for water heating: electricity and natural gas, which is made primarily from the fossil fuel methane. Electric water heaters are generally easier to install, have lower upfront costs and don't require venting, which makes them versatile and functional for most homes. Depending on how the electricity they run on is made, they can be cleaner options than gas heaters. However, they tend to cost more to operate and have slower recovery rates than gas heaters. Gas water heaters, while more expensive and in need of ventilation, are often faster at heating water and can be more cost-effective in areas with affordable natural gas. 

Solar water heating uses solar energy to heat water, reducing energy costs and carbon emissions. Though upfront costs are higher, solar heaters have minimal operating expenses. You may find other fuels for water heating like propane, oil and biomass, but these are typically less available than gas or electricity.

Water heater capacity

Perhaps the most important factor when it comes to picking a water heater is water capacity. "The first thing to take into account when choosing a water heater for your home is your needs," Russum said. "Regardless of the type, by choosing a water heater of the right size, you ensure smooth, energy-efficient operation." 

If the tank capacity is too small for your hot water demands, you may find yourself running out of hot water. Conversely, too large of a tank will have you heating more water than you need, leading to higher operating costs. As a general rule, you should consider 10 to 15 gallons per person in your home.

"Small households will benefit from tankless water heaters, larger families will benefit from storage, solar, or heat pump water heaters," Russum said. For tank-based heaters, he recommends paying attention to the first hour rating, which is an estimate of how many gallons of hot water the heater can supply within an hour. For tankless heaters, look at gallons-per-minute ratings, a measure of "how many gallons of hot water the heater can deliver in a minute," he said.

Water heater maintenance

Regular maintenance -- like flushing the tank and checking for corrosion and leaks -- is key both to energy efficiency and to extending the life of your appliance. "Both traditional storage water heaters and solar water heaters require regular descaling," Russum said. "The harder the water in your region, the more often you need to drain and flush a tank to prevent damage from scaling. A general recommendation is once every year."

These are tasks that you can typically do on your own. But if there are more serious issues that need to be addressed, you may want to tap a professional. If you need to replace anode rods or relief valves, for example, you're best to call in a technician to ensure it is done right. If you see signs of leaks or corrosion, you may also want a second opinion from an expert before taking action.

Water heater cost

Costs vary with water heaters depending on the type you choose, but the upfront cost is almost always going to be the largest one that you incur. Storage water heaters are typically cheapest, costing as little as $350, according to HomeAdvisor . Solar, by contrast, can cost up to $5,500 for a standard size home.

Over time, storage heaters tend to be more expensive because the reservoir can experience more maintenance cost, from sediment buildup and corrosion to tank leaks. Tankless heaters will typically have lower maintenance costs. "Homeowners choosing a storage or a tankless water heater should also keep in mind that electric water heaters tend to have higher operational costs than water heaters that use gas," Russum said. Solar heaters have the lowest operating costs over time, but can require more upkeep.

Additional important water heaters features

When choosing a water heater, there are a few more features to consider beyond the basic functionality of heating water. Smart features, such as Wi-Fi connectivity and mobile app integration, allows you to monitor and adjust settings remotely, track energy usage and receive alerts for maintenance issues or potential leaks. 

If energy efficiency is a top concern for you, look for things like Energy Star certification , which identifies models that meet or exceed industry standards for efficiency and performance. Ultimately, selecting a water heater will come down to the needs of your household, as well as your preferences and budget.

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7 Types of Water Heaters and How to Choose

Timothy Dale is a home repair expert and writer with over a decade of hands-on construction and home improvement experience. He is skilled in residential, commercial, industrial and institutional plumbing, electrical, carpentry, installation, renovations, and project management.

presentation on water heater

Jane Rubtsova / Getty Images

A water heater is a plumbing apparatus or appliance that is designed to heat cold water and, in some cases, store hot water for future use. Dishwashers, clothes washers, showers, tubs, and sinks rely on water heaters to heat incoming cold water, so that these appliances and fixtures can output warm or hot water.

The most common type of water heater is a known as a tank water heater due to the large storage tank where the heated water is kept until it is needed. However, there are several other types of water heaters, including tankless , point-of-use, solar, and more. Peruse the information laid out in this guide to find out about the various water heater types and how to select a water heater for your home.

Types of Water Heaters

Tank water heater.

KangeStudio / Getty Images

Best for : Affordable water heating with a ready supply of hot water.

Tank water heaters are designed with a heating element and a storage tank where hot water is stored until it's needed. This type of water heater is one of the most affordable options due to the prevalence of these systems in the market. These conventional heaters have a large insulated tank that can hold between 30 to 80 gallons of water, depending on the size of the tank.

Typically, tank water heaters are powered by electricity or natural gas, though there are some models that may use liquid propane or oil. As cold water enters the tank, it is heated to a set temperature. Once the water inside the tank reached the designated temperature, the water heater stops actively heating the water. When the hot water is used or enough time has passed for the water to cool, the unit will turn back on to reheat the water to the set temperature.

Tankless Water Heater

ChristianNasca / Getty Images

Best for : Heating cold water on demand in homes with limited space.

A tankless water heater is made to rapidly heat cold water as it passes through a short series of super-heated coils to provide an endless supply of hot water. These water heaters are less than half the size of a standard tank water heater, making them ideal options for small condos, apartments, or townhouses.

The systems can be fueled by natural gas or electricity, though the natural gas tankless heaters tend to be more efficient. A primary benefit of a tankless water heater is that it doesn't waste energy heating and reheating a tank of water. Instead, the water is only heated when it is needed.

Tankless water heaters heat water on demand to provide an endless supply of hot water. They take up less space than tank water heaters and they are typically more efficient. However, the cost to purchase and install a tankless water heater is generally higher than the cost to purchase and install a conventional tank water heater, so if price is a pressing concern, a tankless system may not be the best option.

Point-of-Use Water Heater

Thapakorn Rujipak / Getty Images

Best for : Providing hot water to a single plumbing fixture.

Instead of whole-home options, point-of-use water heaters only provide hot water to one plumbing fixture, such as a shower or kitchen sink. Tank point-of-use water heaters typically have a small storage tank to keep a limited amount of water ready for use. You can also find tankless point-of-use water heaters, which are great for showers because you don't need to worry about running out of hot water in the middle of a long, relaxing shower.

These systems are relatively affordable and don't take up a lot of space because they can usually be installed out of sight under the sink. The main drawback to a point-of-use system is that they are generally less efficient than most other water heater types.

Solar Water Heater

Lucas Ninno / Getty Images

Best for : High-efficiency, renewable energy water heating.

Reduce yearly utility costs with a solar water heater that uses the energy from the sun to heat the water. Solar water heaters have a large insulated tank where the water is stored until it is ready to be used, similar to conventional tank water heaters. The main difference being that solar water heaters collect solar energy with solar panels and convert this energy into electricity to heat the water.

Solar water heaters can be mounted on the roof with the solar panels or installed elsewhere in the home. They don't solely rely on solar power, so there is usually a gas or electric back-up fuel system to ensure that you always have access to hot water. However, it's important to note that these systems are less effective in areas of the country that are prone to heavy snowfall because the snow blocks the solar panels, preventing solar energy collection.

Additionally, solar water heaters are more expensive to install than a conventional water heater systems, though the yearly energy costs to operate the water heater tend to be lower.

Hybrid Water Heater

didecs / Getty Images

Best for : Energy efficient whole-home water heating.

A hybrid water heater uses a heat pump system to draw heat from the ground and air to heat the water, instead of relying on a direct fuel source. This method of heating the water allows a hybrid water heater to use up to 60 percent less power than a conventional tank water heater.

The system has a large insulated storage tank and a heat pump that is mounted to the top of the tank. Due to the tank and heat pump combination, these systems take up more space than a conventional tank water heater. Additionally, this type of water heater is more expensive than a conventional tank heater and they rely heavily on ambient heat, which is why hybrid water heaters are not recommended for areas with cold climates.

Combination Boiler Water Heater

Banks Photos / Getty Images

Best for : Affordable, efficient water heating in homes with space limitations.

A combination boiler water heater is a single unit is designed to heat the home and heat the water that is used at various plumbing fixtures throughout the home. The boiler system distributes hot water via baseboard radiators or radiant floor systems. Depending on the specific system, it may also distribute steam to steam radiators to heat the home.

The system also heats water for use at nearby sinks, showers, and appliances. Combination boiler water heaters are compact and have low operating costs, making them a great option for smaller homes that require year-round heating. However, they aren't a good choice for larger families that require a high volume of hot water during peak periods.

Condensing Water Heater

matteogirelli / Getty Images

Best for : High energy efficiency, low operating costs, and environmentally friendly water heating.

A condensing water heater takes advantage of the unused waste gas fumes produced by the home's natural gas system. When natural gas is burned by the furnace, the heated waste gas is funneled into a coil at the bottom of the water heater tank to heat the water stored inside the tank.

Due to the reliance on waste gas, these systems are best paired with homes that use natural gas as a primary source for year-round heating and cooking. By using the waste gas instead of electricity or natural gas, condensing water heaters can keep yearly utility bills low and offer a high level of energy efficiency. However, these systems are typically only available as large units, which cost more than the average conventional tank water heater.

How to Choose a Water Heater

When it comes time to replace the water heater or if you are simply looking for an upgrade, then the first thing to consider is whether you want a tank or tankless heater . Tank heaters take up more space, but they have the advantage of being able to store heated water for future use. Point-of-use and tankless water heaters are a good option for small condos or houses where space is a limitation, though these efficient systems come at a higher price than conventional tank water heaters.

Another factor to think about is the fuel type. Most water heaters rely on gas, electricity, or a combination of the two. You can also install a solar water heater if you prefer to use renewable energy sources. For tank heaters, you should check the capacity of the tank before purchase. On average, a 40 to 50 gallon tank is sufficient for a home with two or three people. If you have more people living at your home full-time, increase the capacity by about 10 gallons per additional person.

The capacity of a tankless heater is more difficult to calculate because it is based on the flow rate in gallons per minute. Before selecting a tankless water heater, you will need to figure out how much hot water the family or residents use at the peak point of the day, like first thing in the morning when everyone is getting ready for work or school. Also, it's a good idea to ask about warranties on the water heater, so you can feel confident about your purchase.

The type of water heater that is best for your home and your needs will vary. However, in general, electric water heaters are preferred because they are lightweight, quiet, and energy-efficient.

Conventional tank water heaters are the most popular and most common type of water heater. They can hold between 20 and 80 gallons of water and run on either gas or electricity.

Selecting a new water heater . U.S. Department of Energy.

Point of use water heaters . U.S. Department of Energy.

Solar water heaters . U.S. Department of Energy.

Heat pump water heater . U.S. Department of Energy.

Tankless coil and indirect water heaters . U.S. Department of Energy.

Measure guidelines: combined space and water heating installation and optimization . U.S. Department of Energy.

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solar water heater

Solar Water Heater

Aug 08, 2014

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This presentation deals with solar water heaters. There are two categories (passive, active) There are two common types (conventional, vacuum tubes); uncommon - reflective Any of these may operate on one of two principles : direct or heat exchange. Solar Water Heater. objective. B. A. D.

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This presentation deals with solar water heaters. There are two categories (passive, active) There are two common types (conventional, vacuum tubes); uncommon - reflective Any of these may operate on one of two principles : direct or heat exchange. Solar Water Heater objective

Objective 4.6 b : Students should be able to relate the principle of thermal energy transfer to the design of devices – solar water heater. Our Focus : Conventional passive direct. Pre-requisite : (a) Thermal transfer ( b) Absorption of radiation CXC CSEC Physics syllabusSection c : Thermal Physics and Kinetic Theory Radiation (vacuum) Conduction (solids) Convection (fluids) Flat black objects lesson

Passive : active Passive : Outlet from collector is lower than inlet of hot water inlet to storage tank. No pump required. Active : Outlet from collector is higher than hot water inlet to storage tank. Pump required. More active More passive

Examples of passive To active slide

Examples of active

Conventional : vacuum tube More vacuum tubes More conventional

Conventional To vacuum tubes

More Vacuum tube

Direct : heat exchange

Our focus : conventional passive direct

Details of how it works A : How heat reaches Earth from Sun B : Why the glass? C : Copper tubes with heat sinks, painted flat black. D1 – D2 : Collector slanted with outlet at upper end and inlet at lower end. E : Insulated storage tank. F : Hot water outlet from tank to house at top of tank. critical thinking

Critical thinking Please pause the video now, think about this for a few minutes, and then continue to find out how your answers compare with mine. State two correct features of the above diagramand one bad feature.

Do you think this system will work? • Please pause the video now, think about this for a few minutes, and then continue to find out how your answers compare with mine. questions

1: By what method does heat from the sun reach Earth? Radiation 2. What effect does the glass of the collector produce? Greenhouse effect 3. Why is everything in the collector painted flat back? Flat black – best absorber of infrared radiation 4. What is the process by which heat is transferred through the walls of the copper tubing? Conduction Questions: More questions

5. In the passive system, by what process does the water flow through the tubes and into the storage tank? Convection 6. Why would 4 mm PVC (plastic) be a better material for the inside of the storage tank than 1 mm steel (assuming that both have the required strength)? 4 mm PVC is a better insulator. 7. Why is the hot water pipe to the home connected to the top of the storage tank? The hot water, being less dense, floats at the top. passive Questions resources

http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/water_heating/index.cfm/mytopic=12850 http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/water_heating/index.cfm/mytopic=12850 http://www.builditsolar.com/Projects/WaterHeating/water_heating.htm http://chinasolarwaterheater.blog.com/working-principle-of-solar-water-heater.html/ http://www.motherearthnews.com/Renewable-Energy/1979-09-01/A-Homemade-Solar-Water-Heater.aspx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBpKPes3cEE passive Resources: Please visit http://csecphysics.weebly.com to view this presentation and to download a copy of the accompanying brochure or this PowerPoint presentation. To take the quiz, you will need an access code (available to my students). Conventional passive

Examples of passive Reduce your carbon footprint Save on electricity bill To active slide

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  • Benefits of Solar
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  • Application Areas
  • Solar Devices and Systems
  • Solar Water Heating Systems
  • Savings and Payback
  • PV systems are very safe and highly reliable
  • Huge source of renewable energy
  • 240 to 320 days of full sunshine in a year with daily radiation 4 - 7 kWh per sq. m
  • It produces no harmful emissions or polluting gases.
  • It brings electricity to remote areas
  • To run medical equipment
  • To provide electricity in rooms, cabins, common areas, etc.
  • Sanitation and Laundry - Washing Machines, Rest rooms, etc
  • Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioner (HVAC)
  • Doctors and Nurses quarters
  • Solar power plant
  • Solar smart string inverters
  • The solar thermal technology, commercialized worldwide
  • Vast potential in homes, hotels, hospitals, hostels, dairies, industries, institutions, buildings etc.
  • Provides hot water at 60-80 degrees C . .
  • Pays back cost in 2-4 yrs on electricity replacement 4 yrs on furnace oil replacement
  • Life 15-20 Yrs.
  • Negligible maintenance. Works automatically without any attention
  • Not to worry of power cuts / increase in electricity
  • tariff / LPG prices
  • 100 LPD system in a home can save upto 1500 units of
  • electricity in a year
  • In industrial sector, the saving is around 70 liters of
  • diesel per sq. m. collector area in a year
  • Hot water is needed round the clock for Hospital sterilization, Boiler Pre Heated hot water for steam boilers, cleaning and personal use.
  • Tara Power Tech

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Water Heating in Electric Geyser.

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  • 1. Water Heating in Electric Geyser. PHY 109
  • 2.  It is a heat transfer process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.  Domestically, water is traditionally heated in vessels known as water heaters, pots or copper etc.
  • 3.  Its converts electric energy to heat energy based on joules law of heating. (h=I^RT)  It can be used to raised the temperature of water.  Electrical geyser is easier to install , as you already have a electrical connection in the house .  Nowadays, the advanced heating technology used in this appliance ensures to heat up water very quickly, and to retain the temperature of the stored water for longer time.
  • 4. 1. Storage water heaters (tank-type) -  A storage water heater is a domestic water heating appliance that uses a hot water storage tank to maximize heating capacity and provide instantaneous delivery of hot water.  In household and commercial usage, most Indians,North American and Southern Asian water heaters are the tank type, also called storage water heaters.
  • 5. 2.Tankless heaters -  Tankless water heater also called instantaneous, continuous flow, inline, flash, on- demand, or instant-on water heaters—are gaining in popularity.  These high-power water heaters instantly heat water as it flows through the device, and do not retain any water internally except for what is in the heat exchanger coil.
  • 6. 1 .Home  Bathing  Cleaning  Cooking  Washing  Space Heating 2.Industrial  Providing temperature for certain reactions in chemical industres.  Running turbines to generate electricity. 3.Others  In research for labs for provding temperature for experiments and reactions.  For sterilizing instruments in hospitals.
  • 7.  In a way, it is not much different from a common immersion rod that you can dip into your bucket, plug into the power socket and have the water heated up.  The only difference is the level of sophistication and slight automation in the geyser.  The geyser consists of a water tank fitted with two pipes – one for inlet of cold water and the other for outlet of hot water.  The water tank is fitted with heating elements which are controlled by thermostats.  The thermostats ensure that water is not heated above a set temperature value.  The tank is normally covered with some insulating material and enclosed inside a metal casing.
  • 8.  It must have thermal cut-out and valves to protect you from electrical hazards. Thermal Burns – It must ensure that it will protect humans skin from high temperature.
  • 9.  Electric geysers look better as compared to gas geysers.  Electric geysers are cheap to maintain.  With electric geysers you are free of hassle to change the gas cylinder everyone it gets over.  No risk of leakage.  With new designs, the risk of electric shock is minimal.

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presentation on water heater

Essential water heater maintenance – 5 tasks to prevent issues developing

W ater heaters are an essential component of any household, providing a continuous supply of hot water for the whole house. However, without some preventative maintenance, severe issues are likely to arise, causing your unit to break down. At this late stage, fixing the appliance can significantly eat into your savings.

Several factors, such as defective internal parts, debris accumulation, and misuse, can put the unit under excessive stress, which may explain why your heating is so expensive . So, rather than ignoring your water heater until malfunctions or damage causes it to break, addressing problems when they arise can help you steer clear of costly repairs or replacements and cut energy bills .

These 5 simple appliance maintenance tasks , recommended by experts, are crucial for ensuring your water heaters' longevity and efficiency.

Essential water heater maintenance 

All these checks and maintenance tasks can be done quickly and easily at home, meaning preventing issues couldn't be simpler. However, we recommend having a professional deal with any serving issues to keep your unit running efficiently and prevent future issues.

1. Flush the tank

Over time, minerals and debris from your water supply can settle at the bottom of your tank, creating a layer of sediment. 

'This affects the water heater’s efficiency,' explains Kelly Rossum , owner of KC's Plumbing & Air Conditioner. 'Sediment acts as an insulator between the water and the heat source in a tank, causing the unit to work harder to heat the water. In tankless water heaters, sediment can clog and reduce the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

'Debris can also reduce the amount of hot water available for use and reduce a unit's lifespan. Sediment buildups that are not addressed promptly can accelerate corrosion and damage vital components of a tankless water heater, such as the heat exchanger.'

As a result, it is essential to periodically flush the sediment out of the tank to remove this buildup and keep your hot water heater running smoothly.

How often to flush the tank

You may be wondering how often you should drain your water heater ? Well, in areas with soft water or tanks with a water softener, it should be flushed every six months , and for areas with hard water, every twelve months should do the trick.

How to flush the tank

'In traditional tank water heaters, sediment builds up at the bottom of the tank. In tankless heaters, sediment primarily affects internal components like the heat exchanger. Due to the distinct designs of both water heater types, removing a sediment buildup differs,' explains Kelly Rossum.

'If you need to flush a tank water heater , drain the tank completely and let the water and sediment flow out.

'To remove sediment buildup in a tankless water heater, use a descaling solution such as vinegar or an off-the-shelf descaling agent. This process generally requires shutting off the power and water supply to the unit, connecting a pump to the service valves, and circulating the solution through the system for a period of time, often about 45 minutes to an hour.'

You can find this tankless water heater flush descaling solution at Amazon , as well as this tankless water cleaning kit

2. Replace the anode rod

The anode rod is a sacrificial metal component inside your water heater designed to attract minerals and other destructive elements in the tank to help prevent corrosion. 

However, over time, the anode rod becomes depleted, and once it reaches its end of life, the minerals return to degrading the lining of your hot water tank. 

So, to extend the life of your water heater, the rod needs to be replaced. 

How often to replace the anode rod

How often to replace the anode rod in a water heater will depend on a few factors, including the type of water in your area and the quality of the heater itself, so it's recommended to check the condition of the anode annually to assess its condition and determine if it needs to be replaced.

Generally, the anode rod should be replaced every 3-5 years .

How to replace an anode rod

'To replace the anode rod, first turn off the electrical breaker if electric or the gas if gas powered,' advises Robert Taylor , owner of The Real Estate Solutions Guy:

  • To prevent accidental burns from the hot water, you can run 5-10 gallons of hot water in the house or until the hot water cools.
  • Next, turn off the cold water valve that supplies your water heater. When the water and power are off, look for a round plastic cap about 1 ¼ inch on the top of the water heater. Your anode rod will be under the cap, and probably protected by about an inch of foam insulation. You can dig out the insulation with a screwdriver until you find a large-looking metal nut. 
  • Then, using a 1 1/16 inch deep socket and wrench, unscrew the nut and lift out the old anode rod. You might want to wear thick gloves as the anode rod will be hot as well. 
  • Replace with your new anode rod, making sure it is properly tightened to prevent leaks. A new anode rod can be purchased at many hardware and plumbing supplies stores, or online for around $20-$30.
  • Turn your water and electricity or gas back on, and your tank should refill and last another five years.

Ozek Water Heater Anode Rod | $27.45 from Amazon This anode rod is compatible with most heaters. It is easy to install due to its flexible design and includes a roll of pipe sealing tape.  View Deal

3. Regularly check the pressure relief valve

'The pressure relief valve is a safety feature that prevents excessive pressure from building up in the tank,' explains Josh Mitchell , plumbing technician and the owner of Plumbing Lab. 'However, if this valve is not functioning properly, it can lead to issues such as leaks or even tank explosions.'

Regularly checking your water heater's relief valve is a simple step that can significantly extend the water heater's life by mitigating pressure build-up and preventing potential leaks.

How often to check the pressure relief valve

It's recommended to test this valve once a year to ensure it is working properly and not stuck closed.

How to check the pressure relief valve

'Give it a quick test by lifting the valve a few seconds to let out a bit of water into the overflow drain,' says Josh Mitchell. 'You should hear a rush of air or see some water come out. If water doesn't come out, or if it keeps dripping after you've closed it, it's time for a replacement.'

4. Adjust the temperature setting

The temperature and pressure settings of your water heater can also play a role in preventing issues. If these settings are too high, it not only wastes energy but can also put unnecessary strain on your heater and increase the likelihood of problems such as leaks or tank failure.

It's important to regularly check and adjust these settings according to the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure optimal performance and prevent any potential issues.

How to adjust the temperature settings

'Leaks and bursts occur when the tank's pressure rises due to high temperatures (140 to 145 degrees Fahrenheit),' explains Josh Mitchell. 'Reduce this pressure by setting the thermostat to around 120°F (49°C) to balance efficiency and comfort. 

Reducing the temperature of your water heater can also help you save a little money each month on your energy costs.

5. Monitor for leaks and corrosion

Catching and addressing issues such as leaks and corrosion early can prevent costly water damage and the need for premature replacement. Even small drips or puddles can indicate a larger problem that needs to be addressed. 

'Regularly check your water heater for signs of leaks or corrosion on the tank and its connections Inspect all visible pipes and connections, as well as the tank itself, for any signs of leakage,' advises Josh Mitchell.

In addition to regular maintenance tasks, it's important to schedule annual maintenance with a professional. They can thoroughly inspect your water heater and make necessary repairs or adjustments to extend your water heater's lifespan. Also, an annual tune-up can help extend the lifespan of your heater and save you money in the long run. 

 Essential water heater maintenance – 5 tasks to prevent issues developing

Decision Guidance for Heat Pump Water Heaters - Presentation

Presentation for Decision Guidance for HPWH training module.

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  4. Heat Pump Water Heater

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  5. A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumar

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    Created Date. 10/15/2007 3:01:52 PM. Document presentation format. On-screen Show (4:3) Company. Bradford White Corporation. Other titles. ArialCalibri LightCalibriTimes New RomanBW Water Heaters_PP Template1_BW Water Heaters_PP Template2_BW Water Heaters_PP Template3_BW Water Heaters_PP TemplatePowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint ...

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    This slide depicts submersible solar pumps used to draw water from the earths surface and can be powered by solar panels, batteries or an AC power supply. These works best and pumps can lift up to 700 feet vertically.Deliver an outstanding presentation on the topic using this Solar Power IT Submersible Solar Water Pumps Overview Ppt Powerpoint ...

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    We will be breaking up into groups and building flat plate solar water heaters Constraints for the design and testing of your solar water heaters The overall volume of the solar water heater must be between 4-6 ft3 One gallon of water must cycle through the device a minimum of two times in 45 minutes Two, 250 Watt heat lamps can be placed ...

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  11. A Comprehensive Guide to Water Heater Installation

    Connect the water supply lines, making sure to use the appropriate fittings and sealants to prevent leaks. For gas-powered units, carefully connect the gas line and ensure a secure fit. If installing an electric water heater, connect the wiring according to the manufacturer's instructions and local electrical codes. VI.

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    This presentation deals with solar water heaters. There are two categories (passive, active) There are two common types (conventional, vacuum tubes); uncommon - reflective Any of these may operate on one of two principles : direct or heat exchange. Solar Water Heater objective. B A D C. Objective 4.6 b : Students should be able to relate the ...

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    Slide 1 of 10. Water Heater Plumbing Truck Colored Icon In Powerpoint Pptx Png And Editable Eps Format. This coloured powerpoint icon features a plumbing truck in bright, eye catching colours. It is perfect for presentations, websites, documents and more. It is easy to use and is sure to make your project stand out.

  14. Water Heaters Selection Guide: Types, Features, Applications

    Industrial water heaters are used in a variety of direct and indirect heating applications. Indirect heating is accomplished by using water as a thermal fluid. Convection allows the heat absorbed to be transferred to a closed system. Direct heating of water is used when hot water is a resource used in an industrial application.

  15. PDF Tankless Water Heaters

    •Inability for water heater to function •Ignition failure •Improper combustion / high emissions •Abnormal sounds prior to, during, and after combustion Possible effects of failure: Gas Valve Assembly 4 - 1 / 2 "( 1 1 4 mm) 4 - 1 / 2 ( 1 1 9 mm) Opens and closes the gas pathways going

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    Significant opportunity due to growth demographics and consumer trends. India is projected to be the most populous country in the world by 20301. India's GDP is forecast to grow at an 8.9% CAGR from 2021 to 20262. Self reliance and contactless living leads to growth in sales of home appliances, including water heaters and purifiers.

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  20. Water Heater Working Principle PowerPoint Presentation and Slides

    This PowerPoint slide showcases four stages. It is useful to share insightful information on Water Heater Working Principle. This PPT slide can be easily accessed in standard screen and widescreen aspect ratios. It is also available in various formats like PDF, PNG, and JPG. Not only this, the PowerPoint slideshow is completely editable and you ...

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