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Research Methods: The Basics is an accessible, user-friendly introduction to the different aspects of research theory, methods and practice. This second edition provides an expanded resource suitable for students and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines including the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. Structured in two parts – the first covering the nature of knowledge and the reasons for research, the second the specific methods used to carry out effective research and how to propose, plan, carry out and write up a research project – this book covers:

• Reasons for doing a research project • Structuring and planning a research project • The ethical issues involved in research • Different types of data and how they are measured • Collecting and analysing qualitative and quantitative data in order to draw sound conclusions • Mixed methods and interdisciplinary research • Devising a research proposal and writing up the research • Motivation and quality of work.

Complete with a glossary of key terms and guides to further reading, this book is an essential text for anyone coming to research for the first time.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter | 3  pages, introduction, part i | 65  pages, research theory and practice, chapter 1 | 9  pages, research basics, chapter 2 | 15  pages, research theory, chapter 3 | 12  pages, structuring the research project, chapter 4 | 16  pages, research ethics, chapter 5 | 11  pages, finding and reviewing the literature, part ii | 139  pages, the main research methods, chapter 6 | 13  pages, the nature of data, chapter 7 | 19  pages, collecting and analysing secondary data, chapter 8 | 26  pages, collecting primary data, chapter 9 | 17  pages, quantitative data analysis, chapter 10 | 19  pages, qualitative data analysis, chapter 11 | 11  pages, mixed methods and interdisciplinary research, chapter 12 | 17  pages, writing the proposal and planning the research project, chapter 13 | 15  pages, writing up the research.

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Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

Student resources, welcome to the companion website.

Welcome to the companion website for Research Methodology, 4 th Edition,  by Ranjit Kumar . The resources on the site have been specifically designed to support your study.

On this website you will find:

• Video and Multimedia
• Recommended Readings
• Web Resources
• Tables and Figures from the Book

Instructors can log in to access:

• PowerPoint® Slides
• Instructor’s Manual

About the book:

Research Methodology: A Step by Step Guide for Beginners has been written specifically for those with no previous experience of research or research methodology. Written in a logical and accessible style and providing helpful techniques and examples, it breaks the process of designing and doing a research project into eight manageable operational steps. The book guides you through your project from beginning to end by offering practical advice on:

• formulating a research question
• ethical considerations
• carrying out a literature review
• choosing a research design
• selecting a sample
• collecting and analysing qualitative and quantitative data
• writing a research report.

The book is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the social sciences embarking on quantitative or qualitative research projects.

Available with  Perusall —an eBook that makes it easier to prepare for class Perusall  is an award-winning eBook platform featuring social annotation tools that allow students and instructors to collaboratively mark up and discuss their SAGE textbook. Backed by research and supported by technological innovations developed at Harvard University, this process of learning through collaborative annotation keeps your students engaged and makes teaching easier and more effective.  Learn more .

Acknowledgments

The author and SAGE would like to thank the reviewers of the new edition for their time, help and feedback.

Javed Vassilis Khan, Senior Lecturer, NHTV University  Jonathan Lord, Lecturer, University of Salford  Liane Purnell, Senior Lecturer, Newman University Luke Sloan, Lecturer in Quantitative Methods, Cardiff University Margaret Hanson, Senior Lecture in Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University  Paul Willard, Lecturer in Event Management, La Trobe University (Bendigo campus)

A very special thanks to Stephanie Fleischer, Senior Lecturer in Research Methods from the  University of Brighton for creating the companion website resources accompanying the new edition of Research Methodology: A Step-by-step guide for Beginners .

Disclaimer:

This website may contain links to both internal and external websites. All links included were active at the time the website was launched. SAGE does not operate these external websites and does not necessarily endorse the views expressed within them. SAGE cannot take responsibility for the changing content or nature of linked sites, as these sites are outside of our control and subject to change without our knowledge. If you do find an inactive link to an external website, please try to locate that website by using a search engine. SAGE will endeavour to update inactive or broken links when possible.

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APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology

Available formats.

• Table of contents
• Contributor bios
• Book details

With significant new and updated content across dozens of chapters, this second edition  presents the most exhaustive treatment available of the techniques psychologists and others have developed to help them pursue a shared understanding of why humans think, feel, and behave the way they do.

The initial chapters in this indispensable three-volume handbook address broad, crosscutting issues faced by researchers: the philosophical, ethical, and societal underpinnings of psychological research. Next, chapters detail the research planning process, describe the range of measurement techniques that psychologists most often use to collect data, consider how to determine the best measurement techniques for a particular purpose, and examine ways to assess the trustworthiness of measures.

Additional chapters cover various aspects of quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological research designs, presenting an array of options and their nuanced distinctions. Chapters on techniques for data analysis follow, and important issues in writing up research to share with the community of psychologists are discussed in the handbook’s concluding chapters.

Among the newly written chapters in the second edition, the handbook’s stellar roster of authors cover literature searching, workflow and reproducibility, research funding, neuroimaging, various facets of a wide range of research designs and data analysis methods, and updated information on the publication process, including research data management and sharing, questionable practices in statistical analysis, and ethical issues in manuscript preparation and authorship.

Volume 1. Foundations, Planning, Measures, and Psychometrics

Editorial Board

About the Editors

Contributors

A Note from the Publisher

Introduction: Objectives of Psychological Research and Their Relations to Research Methods

Part I. Philosophical, Ethical, and Societal Underpinnings of Psychological Research

• Chapter 1. Perspectives on the Epistemological Bases for Qualitative Research Carla Willig
• Chapter 2. Frameworks for Causal Inference in Psychological Science Peter M. Steiner, William R. Shadish, and Kristynn J. Sullivan
• Chapter 3. Ethics in Psychological Research: Guidelines and Regulations Adam L. Fried and Kate L. Jansen
• Chapter 4. Ethics and Regulation of Research With Nonhuman Animals Sangeeta Panicker, Chana K. Akins, and Beth Ann Rice
• Chapter 5. Cross-Cultural Research Methods David Masumoto and Fons J. R. van de Vijver
• Chapter 6.Research With Populations that Experience Marginalization George P. Knight, Rebecca M. B. White, Stefanie Martinez-Fuentes, Mark W. Roosa, and Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor

Part II. Planning Research

• Chapter 7. Developing Testable and Important Research Questions Frederick T. L. Leong, Neal Schmitt, and Brent J. Lyons
• Chapter 8. Searching With a Purpose: How to Use Literature Searching to Support Your Research Diana Ramirez and Margaret J. Foster
• Chapter 9. Psychological Measurement: Scaling and Analysis Heather Hayes and Susan E. Embretson
• Chapter 10. Sample Size Planning Ken Kelley, Samantha F. Anderson, and Scott E. Maxwell
• Chapter 11. Workflow and Reproducibility Oliver Kirchkamp
• Chapter 12. Obtaining and Evaluating Research Funding Jonathan S. Comer and Amanda L. Sanchez

Part III. Measurement Methods

• Chapter 13. Behavioral Observation Roger Bakeman and Vicenç Quera
• Chapter 14. Question Order Effects Lisa Lee, Parvati Krishnamurty, and Struther Van Horn
• Chapter 15. Interviews and Interviewing Techniques Anna Madill
• Chapter 16. Using Intensive Longitudinal Methods in Psychological Research Masumi Iida, Patrick E. Shrout, Jean-Philippe Laurenceau, and Niall Bolger
• Chapter 17. Automated Analyses of Natural Language in Psychological Research Laura K. Allen, Arthur C. Graesser, and Danielle S. McNamara
• Chapter 18. Objective Tests as Instruments of Psychological Theory and Research David Watson
• Chapter 19. Norm- and Criterion-Referenced Testing Kurt F. Geisinger
• Chapter 20. The Current Status of "Projective" "Tests" Robert E. McGrath, Alec Twibell, and Elizabeth J. Carroll
• Chapter 21. Brief Instruments and Short Forms Emily A. Atkinson, Carolyn M. Pearson Carter, Jessica L. Combs Rohr, and Gregory T. Smith
• Chapter 22. Eye Movements, Pupillometry, and Cognitive Processes Simon P. Liversedge, Sara V. Milledge, and Hazel I. Blythe
• Chapter 23. Response Times Roger Ratcliff
• Chapter 24. Psychophysics: Concepts, Methods, and Frontiers Allie C. Hexley, Takuma Morimoto, and Manuel Spitschan
• Chapter 25. The Perimetric Physiological Measurement of Psychological Constructs Louis G. Tassinary, Ursula Hess, Luis M. Carcoba, and Joseph M. Orr
• Chapter 26. Salivary Hormone Assays Linda Becker, Nicholas Rohleder, and Oliver C. Schultheiss
• Chapter 27. Electro- and Magnetoencephalographic Methods in Psychology Eddie Harmon-Jones, David M. Amodio, Philip A. Gable, and Suzanne Dikker
• Chapter 28. Event-Related Potentials Steven J. Luck
• Chapter 29. Functional Neuroimaging Megan T. deBettencourt, Wilma A. Bainbridge, Monica D. Rosenberg
• Chapter 30. Noninvasive Stimulation of the Cerebral Cortex Dennis J. L. G. Schutter
• Chapter 31. Combined Neuroimaging Methods Marius Moisa and Christian C. Ruff
• Chapter 32. Neuroimaging Analysis Methods Yanyu Xiong and Sharlene D. Newman

Part IV. Psychometrics

• Chapter 33. Reliability Sean P. Lane, Elizabeth N. Aslinger, and Patrick E. Shrout
• Chapter 34. Generalizability Theory Xiaohong Gao and Deborah J. Harris
• Chapter 35. Construct Validity Kevin J. Grimm and Keith F. Widaman
• Chapter 36. Item-Level Factor Nisha C. Gottfredson, Brian D. Stucky, and A. T. Panter
• Chapter 37. Item Response Theory Steven P. Reise and Tyler M. Moore
• Chapter 38. Measuring Test Performance With Signal Detection Theory Techniques Teresa A. Treat and Richard J. Viken

Volume 2. Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, Neuropsychological, and Biological

Part I. Qualitative Research Methods

• Chapter 1. Developments in Qualitative Inquiry Sarah Riley and Andrea LaMarre
• Chapter 2. Metasynthesis of Qualitative Research Sally Thorne
• Chapter 3. Grounded Theory and Psychological Research Robert Thornberg, Elaine Keane, and Malgorzata Wójcik
• Chapter 4. Thematic Analysis Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke
• Chapter 5. Phenomenological Methodology, Methods, and Procedures for Research in Psychology Frederick J. Wertz
• Chapter 6. Narrative Analysis Javier Monforte and Brett Smith
• Chapter 7. Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis Paul ten Have
• Chapter 8. Discourse Analysis and Discursive Psychology Chris McVittie and Andy McKinlay
• Chapter 9. Ethnography in Psychological Research Elizabeth Fein and Jonathan Yahalom
• Chapter 10. Visual Research in Psychology Paula Reavey, Jon Prosser, and Steven D. Brown
• Chapter 11. Researching the Temporal Karen Henwood and Fiona Shirani

Part II. Working Across Epistemologies, Methodologies, and Methods

• Chapter 12. Mixed Methods Research in Psychology Timothy C. Guetterman and Analay Perez
• Chapter 13. The "Cases Within Trials" (CWT) Method: An Example of a Mixed-Methods Research Design Daniel B. Fishman
• Chapter 14. Researching With American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Pursuing Partnerships for Psychological Inquiry in Service to Indigenous Futurity Joseph P. Gone
• Chapter 15. Participatory Action Research as Movement Toward Radical Relationality, Epistemic Justice, and Transformative Intervention: A Multivocal Reflection Urmitapa Dutta, Jesica Siham Fernández, Anne Galletta, and Regina Day Langhout

Part III. Sampling Across People and Time

• Chapter 16. Introduction to Survey Sampling Roger Tourangeau and Ting Yan
• Chapter 17. Epidemiology Rumi Kato Price and Heidi H. Tastet
• Chapter 18. Collecting Longitudinal Data: Present Issues and Future Challenges Simran K. Johal, Rohit Batra, and Emilio Ferrer
• Chapter 19. Using the Internet to Collect Data Ulf-Dietrich Reips

Part IV. Building and Testing Models

• Chapter 20. Statistical Mediation Analysis David P. MacKinnon, Jeewon Cheong, Angela G. Pirlott, and Heather L. Smyth
• Chapter 21. Structural Equation Modeling with Latent Variables Rick H. Hoyle and Nisha C. Gottfredson
• Chapter 22. Mathematical Psychology Parker Smith, Yanjun Liu, James T. Townsend, and Trisha Van Zandt
• Chapter 23. Computational Modeling Adele Diederich
• Chapter 24. Fundamentals of Bootstrapping and Monte Carlo Methods William Howard Beasley, Patrick O'Keefe, and Joseph Lee Rodgers
• Chapter 25. Designing Simulation Studies Xitao Fan
• Chapter 26. Bayesian Modeling for Psychologists: An Applied Approach Fred M. Feinberg and Richard Gonzalez

Part V. Designs Involving Experimental Manipulations

• Chapter 27. Randomized Designs in Psychological Research Larry Christensen, Lisa A. Turner, and R. Burke Johnson
• Chapter 28. Nonequivalent Comparison Group Designs Henry May and Zachary K. Collier
• Chapter 29. Regression Discontinuity Designs Charles S. Reichardt and Gary T. Henry
• Chapter 30. Treatment Validity for Intervention Studies Dianne L. Chambless and Steven D. Hollon
• Chapter 31. Translational Research Michael T. Bardo, Christopher Cappelli, and Mary Ann Pentz
• Chapter 32. Program Evaluation: Outcomes and Costs of Putting Psychology to Work Brian T. Yates

Part VI. Quantitative Research Designs Involving Single Participants or Units

• Chapter 33. Single-Case Experimental Design John M. Ferron, Megan Kirby, and Lodi Lipien
• Chapter 34. Time Series Designs Bradley J. Bartos, Richard McCleary, and David McDowall

Part VII. Designs in Neuropsychology and Biological Psychology

• Chapter 35. Case Studies in Neuropsychology Randi C. Martin, Simon Fischer-Baum, and Corinne M. Pettigrew
• Chapter 36. Group Studies in Experimental Neuropsychology Avinash R Vaidya, Maia Pujara, and Lesley K. Fellows
• Chapter 37. Genetic Methods in Psychology Terrell A. Hicks, Daniel Bustamante, Karestan C. Koenen, Nicole R. Nugent, and Ananda B. Amstadter
• Chapter 38. Human Genetic Epidemiology Floris Huider, Lannie Ligthart, Yuri Milaneschi, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, and Dorret I. Boomsma

Volume 3. Data Analysis and Research Publication

Part I. Quantitative Data Analysis

• Chapter 1. Methods for Dealing With Bad Data and Inadequate Models: Distributions, Linear Models, and Beyond Rand R. Wilcox and Guillaume A. Rousselet
• Chapter 2. Maximum Likelihood and Multiple Imputation Missing Data Handling: How They Work, and How to Make Them Work in Practice Timothy Hayes and Craig K. Enders
• Chapter 3. Exploratory Data Analysis Paul F. Velleman and David C. Hoaglin
• Chapter 4. Graphic Displays of Data Leland Wilkinson
• Chapter 5. Estimating and Visualizing Interactions in Moderated Multiple Regression Connor J. McCabe and Kevin M. King
• Chapter 6. Effect Size Estimation Michael Borenstein
• Chapter 7. Measures of Clinically Significant Change Russell J. Bailey, Benjamin M. Ogles, and Michael J. Lambert
• Chapter 8. Analysis of Variance and the General Linear Model James Jaccard and Ai Bo
• Chapter 9. Generalized Linear Models David Rindskopf
• Chapter 10. Multilevel Modeling for Psychologists John B. Nezlek
• Chapter 11. Longitudinal Data Analysis Andrew K. Littlefield
• Chapter 12. Event History Analysis Fetene B. Tekle and Jeroen K. Vermunt
• Chapter 13. Latent State-Trait Models Rolf Steyer, Christian Geiser, and Christiane Loß​nitzer
• Chapter 14. Latent Variable Modeling of Continuous Growth David A. Cole, Jeffrey A. Ciesla, and Qimin Liu
• Chapter 15. Dynamical Systems and Differential Equation Models of Change Steven M. Boker and Robert G. Moulder
• Chapter 16. A Multivariate Growth Curve Model for Three-Level Data Patrick J. Curran, Chris L. Strauss, Ethan M. McCormick, and James S. McGinley
• Chapter 17. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Keith F. Widaman and Jonathan Lee Helm
• Chapter 18. Latent Class and Latent Profile Models Brian P. Flaherty, Liying Wang, and Cara J. Kiff
• Chapter 19. Decision Trees and Ensemble Methods in the Behavioral Sciences Kevin J. Grimm, Ross Jacobucci, and John J. McArdle
• Chapter 20. Using the Social Relations Model to Understand Interpersonal Perception and Behavior P. Niels Christensen, Deborah A. Kashy, and Katelin E. Leahy
• Chapter 21. Dyadic Data Analysis Richard Gonzalez and Dale Griffin
• Chapter 22. The Data of Others: New and Old Faces of Archival Research Sophie Pychlau and David T. Wagner
• Chapter 23. Social Network Analysis in Psychology: Recent Breakthroughs in Methods and Theories Wei Wang, Tobias Stark, James D. Westaby, Adam K. Parr, and Daniel A. Newman
• Chapter 24. Meta-Analysis Jeffrey C. Valentine, Therese D. Pigott, and Joseph Morris

Part II. Publishing and the Publication Process

• Chapter 25. Research Data Management and Sharing Katherine G. Akers and John A. Borghi
• Chapter 26. Questionable Practices in Statistical Analysis Rex B. Kline
• Chapter 27. Ethical Issues in Manuscript Preparation and Authorship Jennifer Crocker

Harris Cooper, PhD, is the Hugo L. Blomquist professor, emeritus, in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. His research interests concern research synthesis and research methodology, and he also studies the application of social and developmental psychology to education policy. His book Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis: A Step-by-Step Approach (2017) is in its fifth edition. He is the coeditor of the Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis (3 rd ed. 2019).

In 2007, Dr. Cooper was the recipient of the Frederick Mosteller Award for Contributions to Research Synthesis Methodology, and in 2008 he received the Ingram Olkin Award for Distinguished Lifetime Contribution to Research Synthesis from the Society for Research Synthesis Methodology.

He served as the chair of the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University from 2009 to 2014, and from 2017 to 2018 he served as the dean of social science at Duke. Dr. Cooper chaired the first APA committee that developed guidelines for information about research that should be included in manuscripts submitted to APA journals. He currently serves as the editor of American Psychologist, the flagship journal of APA.

Marc N. Coutanche, PhD, is an associate professor of psychology and research scientist in the Learning Research and Development Center at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Coutanche directs a program of cognitive neuroscience research and develops and tests new computational techniques to identify and understand the neural information present within neuroimaging data.

His work has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, American Psychological Foundation, and other organizations, and he has published in a variety of journals.

Dr. Coutanche received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, and conducted postdoctoral training at Yale University. He received a Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Student Research Fellowship and Ruth L. Kirschstein Postdoctoral National Research Service Award, and was named a 2019 Rising Star by the Association for Psychological Science.

Linda M. McMullen, PhD, is professor emerita of psychology at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada. Over her career, she has contributed to the development of qualitative inquiry in psychology through teaching, curriculum development, and pedagogical scholarship; original research; and service to the qualitative research community.

Dr. McMullen introduced qualitative inquiry into both the graduate and undergraduate curriculum in her home department, taught courses at both levels for many years, and has published articles, coedited special issues, and written a book ( Essentials of Discursive Psychology ) that is part of APA’s series on qualitative methodologies, among other works. She has been engaged with building the Society for Qualitative Inquiry in Psychology (SQIP; a section of Division 5 of the APA) into a vibrant scholarly society since its earliest days, and took on many leadership roles while working as a university professor.

Dr. McMullen’s contributions have been recognized by Division 5 of the APA, the Canadian Psychological Association, and the Saskatchewan Psychological Association.

Abigail Panter, PhD, is the senior associate dean for undergraduate education and a professor of psychology in the L. L. Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is past president of APA’s Division 5, Quantitative and Qualitative Methods.

As a quantitative psychologist, she develops instruments, research designs and data-analytic strategies for applied research questions in higher education, personality, and health. She serves as a program evaluator for UNC’s Chancellor’s Science Scholars Program, and was also principal investigator for The Finish Line Project, a $3 million grant from the U.S. Department of Education that systematically investigated new supports and academic initiatives, especially for first-generation college students.

Her books include the  APA Dictionary of Statistics and Research Methods  (2014), the APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology  (first edition; 2012), the Handbook of Ethics in Quantitative Methodology  (2011), and the SAGE Handbook of Methods in Social Psychology (2004), among others.

David Rindskopf, PhD, is distinguished professor at the City University of New York Graduate Center, specializing in research methodology and statistics. His main interests are in Bayesian statistics, causal inference, categorical data analysis, meta-analysis, and latent variable models.

He is a fellow of the American Statistical Association and the American Educational Research Association, and is past president of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology and the New York Chapter of the American Statistical Association.

Kenneth J. Sher, PhD, is chancellor’s professor and curators’ distinguished professor of psychological sciences, emeritus, at the University of Missouri. He received his PhD in clinical psychology from Indiana University (1980) and his clinical internship training at Brown University (1981).

His primary areas of research focus on etiological processes in the development of alcohol dependence, factors that affect the course of drinking and alcohol use disorders throughout adulthood, longitudinal research methodology, psychiatric comorbidity, and nosology. At the University of Missouri he directed the predoctoral and postdoctoral training program in alcohol studies, and his research has been continually funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism for more than 35 years.

Dr. Sher’s research contributions have been recognized by professional societies including the Research Society on Alcoholism and APA, and throughout his career, he has been heavily involved in service to professional societies and scholarly publications.

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How to Mix Methods

Top 13 Essential Research Methodology Books for Researchers and Academics

The best research methodology books can help research students, academics, and potential scholars, as academic research papers require a thorough reading of the research literature.

These books can help you start your research. They will teach you research methodology and how to build a study design.

1- Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

2- designing research for publication.

The book Designing Research for Publication discusses strategies for avoiding research related issues. It is intended in particular for academics who are just starting out in their careers and who must quickly understand the fundamentals of research and publication, as well as for those who wish to support them.

3- Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach 

The book applies the TQF to creating, reviewing, and assessing qualitative research proposals and publications.

4- Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches

5- qualitative research: a guide to design and implementation.

A new part presents qualitative research findings in numerous ways. This reader-friendly, jargon-free book emphasizes the relevance of a theoretical framework in study design and provides practical help.

6- The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 3rd Edition

7- qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches.

John W. Creswell’s Third Edition of his bestselling text examines narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory , ethnography, and case study’s philosophical foundations, history, and major aspects.

8- Doing Your Research Project (Open Up Study Skills)

9- research methods in education.

‘Research Methods in Education is necessary reading for professional researchers and undergraduate and postgraduate education students who need to grasp how to plan, conduct, analyze, and use research.

10- Introducing Research Methodology: A Beginner′s Guide to Doing a Research Project

11- the essential guide to doing your research project.

The book provides step-by-step instructions for conducting your study, from beginning to end, including data analysis and writing up. Each step is carefully outlined, stressing best practices while offering helpful hints and realistic advice for actually conducting research.

12- The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research

Their goal is to demonstrate how qualitative research techniques may lead to positive change in the world, just like in earlier editions.

13- The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process  

This book makes a very clear and precise connection between methodology and theory, guiding readers through the confusing terminology minefield.

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Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

The book Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell (2014) covers three approaches-qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. This educational book is informative and illustrative and is equally beneficial for students, teachers and researchers. Readers should have basic knowledge of research for better understanding of this book. There are two parts of the book. Part 1 (chapter 1-4) consists of steps for developing research proposal and part II (chapter 5-10) explains how to develop a research proposal or write a research report. A summary is given at the end of every chapter that helps the reader to recapitulate the ideas. Moreover, writing exercises and suggested readings at the end of every chapter are useful for the readers. Chapter 1 opens with-definition of research approaches and the author gives his opinion that selection of a research approach is based on the nature of the research problem, researchers' experience and the audience of the study. The author defines qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research. A distinction is made between quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The author believes that interest in qualitative research increased in the latter half of the 20th century. The worldviews, Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun (2012) and Onwuegbuzie and Leech (2005) call them paradigms, have been explained. Sometimes, the use of language becomes too philosophical and technical. This is probably because the author had to explain some technical terms.

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Conducting a well-established research requires deep knowledge about the research designs. Doing research can be likened to jumping into the sea which may transform into a huge ocean if the researcher is not experienced. As a PhD candidate and a novice researcher, I believe that the book "Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches" by J.W. Creswell is a true reference guide for novice researchers since it is the most comprehensive and informative source with its reader-friendly structure.

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John W. Creswell was previously a professor in educational psychology in the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. He moved to the University of Michigan in 2015 as a professor in the Department of Family Medicine. He has published many articles and close to 27 books on mixed methods. Professor Creswell is also one of the founding members of the Journal of Mixed Methods Research. He was a Fulbright scholar in South Africa in 2008 and Thailand in 2012. In 2011, he served as a visiting professor in the School of Public Health of Harvard University. In 2014, he became the Chairman of the Mixed Methods International Research Association. Professor Creswell has a personal website called “Mixed Methods Research” at http://johnwcreswell.com/. The site contains the information about his background, his own blog, consulting works and published books. He also posted replies questions from academic researchers and practitioners in the blog.

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To understand educational research, you now have the map (the steps that exist in the process of research) and the different paths you can take (quantitative and qualitative). Now we will explore some distinguishing features along the qualitative research design. These features are the research designs you can use to collect, analyze, and interpret data using quantitative and qualitative research. Some of the research designs may be familiar; others may be new, such as how these paths can converge with two designs called mixed methods research and action research. The discussion of designs will provide a more advanced understanding of educational research on your journey.

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20 Best Research Methodology Books for Ph.D. Students

As a Ph.D. candidate, research methodology is of the utmost importance for the completion of your degree. Books on research can be an invaluable resource to Ph.D. students. These will help you with researching books, improving your planning, and help you to identify the most professional dissertation writers. If you would like to learn more about the best research books for Ph.D. students, then the following article will be your guide. 

1. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 4 th Edition

The hallmark of this textbook is that it describes and compares the three main types of research methodology as well as the writing involved. This makes it quite different to many other books and services targeting Ph.D. students. The world’s changing and most dissertation writing from Ph.D. writers from EDUbirdie are not focused on singular methods anymore. And that is what you will find in this book – insights, and support for any method that you are pursuing.

 This makes it far easier to understand and select the concept that fits your study best. The textbook goes one step further by also having a philosophical conversation about research methodology. As such, it explores ethical and moral concerns, in addition, to logistical ones. This makes the book a great deal more well-rounded than its literary counterparts. 

2. The Craft of Research, 3 rd Edition

Even works produced by top Ph.D. writing services can be difficult to understand, particularly for layman readers. This is because the thesis and resulting work haven’t been properly explained. This textbook helps to correct this by showing you how to properly outline your argument and the supporting evidence. In doing so, you will find that you are better equipped to write a more compelling paper. 

3. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches, 3 rd Edition

If you are focused on qualitative research methodology, then this textbook should be at the very top of your list. It breaks down the main five approaches to a qualitative inquiry by looking at the fundamental elements of each one of them. The author offers even more support by giving you guidelines on constructing your ideas as well as improving the standard of your work. 

4. Doing Your Research Project (Open Up Study Skills), 5 th Edition

This is the textbook that you should be reaching for if you want to get on the same level as good Ph.D. writing services. It is especially useful for those who have only just begun their Ph.D. journey. This textbook contains crucial information on the most basic of skills . This includes preparing for your research, drafting your paper, and putting the finishing touches on it. 

6. The Essential Guide to Doing Your Research Project, 2 nd Edition

If you are feeling rusty regarding any of your research methodology, then this textbook can help you out. This is undoubtedly one of the more comprehensive books on research. All the stages of the research process are broken down and the text even includes summaries, glossaries, and much more. 

7. Naturalistic Inquiry, 1 st Edition

If your research topic is based on the field of social science, then this is a top book for Ph.D. students. For one thing, it challenges traditional approaches and proposes more progressive and accurate forms of study. Following the concepts and advice of this book could lead to more accurate results. 

8. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation, 4 th Edition

This book offers the latest insight into qualitative research. As such, you will be able to move your study and thesis into a new era. The text should also give you better insight into researching books for your thesis, creating a modern approach to your work.

9. The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 3 rd Edition

This is a great textbook, regardless of the field that you are in. It offers up comprehensive coverage of both qualitative vs quantitative research methods. The language in the book is equally accessible to both novices as well as professional dissertation writers. This book will help to clear up any questions or confusion you may have. 

10. Introducing Research Methodology: A Beginner’s Guide to Doing a Research Project 2 nd Edition

As the name suggests, this is an excellent guide to those who are just starting out with their research project. Whether you need to brush up on the subject matter, improve your overall approach, or would like to create a more structured concept, this book will help you in all these areas. It will be like hiring your own dissertation writing services. 

11. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, 4 th Edition

There is no denying that research needs to be more diverse than ever before. If this is a concept that you would like to include in your work, this textbook can help you. Here, qualitative research is given a social spin and is applied to more real-world terms. As such, it can improve the quality and accuracy of your current and future work. 

12. The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process

There is quite a bit of variation in schools of thought, terminology, and more when it comes to social research. This textbook takes the trouble to break all these down and discuss the discrepancy. In turn, this makes it far easier for you to get a more comprehensive understanding of your next step in researching books. 

13. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology

If you want fuss-free assistance on selecting research and creating an efficient research plan, this textbook will help you out. There is a lot of information available in data collection, assessment strategies, interpretation methods, and more. 

14. Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach

In case you are having trouble grasping various concepts of quantitative research methods, you will find this book rather useful. This is because the authors take a different approach to handling these topics. They tackle each concept like detectives and use real-world problem-solving schematics. Thus, it functions as an excellent Ph.D. writing service. 

15. Research Justice 

For research to be applicable to a real-world scenario, it must appeal to all demographics. This book shows you how to create a thesis and carry out research so that you are creating a more diverse group of participants. In doing so, you make your research far more relevant by modern standards. 

16. Single Case Research Methodology, 3 rd Edition

It doesn’t matter if you are a Ph.D. student, researcher, or even a professional practitioner. This book will guide you through all aspects of single case research methodology. With the help of this text, you can conduct single-case design studies, interpret findings, write proposals, and a whole lot more. 

17. Qualitative Dissertation Methodology: A Guide for Research Design and Methods, 1 st Edition 

One of the more useful aspects of this book is that it is based on actual students’ experiences. Thus, it adequately tackles all the obstacles that you may come across when researching books, writing proposals, or doing actual research. The book breaks down all elements of qualitative research into smaller parts, making it more manageable for students. 

18. Research and Publications Planner: The Graduate Student’s Guide to Publishing Academic Research

This book is written by a graduate student. Thus, it appreciates the real-world struggles of coming up with research ideas and then executing your vision. The book guides you through every step of the way, making it easy for you to structure and organize your work so that you are creating a more cohesive document. 

19. Doing Academic Research: A Practical Guide to Research Methods and Analysis

This book is suitable for students that are looking for books on research in any field. It doesn’t matter if you are humanity, business, or social science – this book will appeal to you. As the title suggests, this is a practical guide. Therefore, it will provide you with relevant information and assistance every step of the way. 

20. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods, 6 th Edition

If you are engaged in case study research, then you should check out this book. This is because it uses numerous real-world case studies to give you a clearer idea of how to write, analyze , and come to your own conclusions with your current work. The writer also offers up suggestions for improvements as well as how to improve the accuracy of your research. 

21. Research Methods: A Practical Guide for Students and Researchers 

This book allows you to do research in an organized and concise manner. It starts from the very beginning of your research process and gives you tips and suggestions that are useful at every stage. Furthermore, it gives you real-world examples to describe what is being explained in the book. This is a suitable option for students across all disciplines. 

These are the top research methodology books for Ph.D. students to invest in. It doesn’t matter what discipline you are in or what kind of research you are doing. You can guarantee that at least one of these books will give you the guidance and answers that you are looking for. 

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10 Best Research Books For Qualitative And Quantitative Research

Research books are designed to help you improve your research skills and conduct studies more effectively. So, if you’re on the hunt for research materials, check out our collection of the best research books!

Research methodology comes in many shapes and forms. Regardless of whether you are interested in qualitative or quantitative research, it is essential to find a book that can help you plan your research project adequately.

Research design can vary from hard sciences to social sciences, but data analysis following a case study is usually similar. Therefore, you need a practical guide that can help you complete a research project and finish your research paper—interested in this field of topic? You’ll love our round-up of the best books for quantum physics !

1. Qualitative Research: A Guide To Design And Implementation, 4th Edition

2. research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th edition, 3. the research methods knowledge base, 3rd edition, 4. the craft of research, 5. doing your research project: open up study skills, 5th edition, 6. qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches, 3rd edition, 7. the essential guide to doing your research project, 2nd edition, 8. introducing research methodology: a beginner’s guide to doing a research project, 2nd edition, 9. the sage handbook of qualitative research, 5th edition, 10. research methods in education, 7th edition, the final word on the best research books, what is the difference between quantitative research and qualitative research, how do i figure out which academic journal to publish my research in.

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Popular Research Books to Read

When someone talks about qualitative research in academia, they refer to research that focuses on overall concepts and takeaways instead of complex numbers. For those conducting academic research, understanding the basics of this process is critical. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation , by Sharan B. Merriam and Elizabeth J. Tisdell, 4th edition, is one of the best books available because it focuses on action research, mixed methods, online data sources, and some of the latest technology that people can use to complete their projects.

A significant portion of this book focuses on data analysis software packages, which have become critically important in an era where publishing in the best academic journals is critical for every successful researcher. Finally, this book explains topics so that nearly everyone can understand.

Suppose you are looking for a book that can teach you the best research methodology. In that case, you will want to check out Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches by John W. Creswell, 4th edition. John Creswell is one of the most well-respected writers in case study research.

As books on how to research go, this one on quantitative and qualitative research methods is a great tool that will help you learn the basics of forming a research project in every field. This book covers philosophical assumptions and research projects, theory and research approaches, and conducts an effective literature review. These elements are also crucial in helping you form a step-by-step guide for your upcoming research project, and this book will teach you the basics of data analysis.

The first two editions were already solid, but the third edition of The Research Methods Knowledge Base , by William M.K. Trochim and James P. Donnelly, features many updates to quantitative and qualitative research methods, teaching graduate students the basics of data collection before diving into the details for more advanced learners.

One of the significant advantages of this text is that it is a comprehensive tool that can be used for both undergraduate and graduate-level courses. It has a relatively informal style and conversational feel, which means readers will not be intimidated by walls of text. The research methods it teaches are straightforward, applicable, and relevant to anyone looking to complete a research project in the current era.

The Craft of Research , by Wayne C. Booth, Gregory C. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams, covers various research approaches that teach everyone the basics of forming a solid research project. In particular, this book focuses on what to do with the data after it has been collected.

People need to think about how their readers will interpret the structure of the paper, proactively anticipating questions they might have. By answering the reader’s questions in the initial version of the paper, it is easier to hold their attention from start to finish.

Of course, one of the most critical questions that must be asked when writing a research paper is, “so, what? Why does this information matter?” Researchers can keep this in mind while writing the introduction and conclusion of the paper so they will have an easier time constructing a powerful academic manuscript that is more likely to be accepted into the top academic journals.

Doing Your Research Project: Open Up Study Skills , by Judith Bell, is a must-read for new researchers looking to make their way in academic research. This book is helpful because it teaches people how to conduct a research project using step-by-step advice. A research project can be daunting for new learners because it’s easy to focus on the final project and feel intimidated before taking the first step.

This book is indispensable because it teaches people everything they need to know to develop a research project, draft a hypothesis, carry out the project, and finalize a research paper after conducting detailed data analysis. Furthermore, this text will dive into common mistakes, pitfalls, and obstacles researchers need to overcome. Time is your most valuable resource, and nobody wants to spend time on trials that will not be relevant to the final project.

Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choose Among Five Approaches , 3rd Edition, Is The Latest In A Line Of Best-Selling Research Books From Creswell. This Book Ties Into People’s Philosophical Underpinnings When Developing A Research Project. It Also Looks At The History Of Various Research Projects, Which Serve As An Example For The Reader.

Overall, there are five traditions in qualitative research; grounded theory, phenomenology, narrative research, case study, and ethnography. Creswell uses an accessible writing style to help the reader understand when to use each of these narratives. Then, he dives into strategies for writing research papers using each of these approaches.

The Essential Guide To Doing Your Research Project by Zina O’Leary is geared more toward young learners. As books on how to research, it focuses on how to develop a research project, analyze data, and write up the results. Every stage of the book is clearly explained, with the author specifying why it is essential to carry out that step correctly.

It also focuses on practical tips and tricks that learners can use to successfully carry out their research projects. The book includes helpful chapter summaries, a complete glossary, and boxed definitions for essential terms that should not be overlooked. The author also has a variety of suggestions for further reading, which is helpful for more advanced learners who may want to pick up a text that is a bit more detailed. Finally, the book also comes with access to a companion website. The website includes journal articles, real projects, worksheets, and podcasts.

Introducing Research Methodology: A Beginner’s Guide to doing a research project, by Uwe Flick is ideal for new researchers. the author guides readers through the fundamentals that underpin a strong research project. He focuses on essential steps, common mistakes, and ways to expedite the research process.

Then, the author dives into some of the most critical skills readers need to have if they want to collect and analyze data properly. he goes into basic organizational tactics that make data easier to interpret, explains how to shorten the analytical process, and dives into real-life quantitative and qualitative research methods. He uses his research as an example, explaining to people how to pull out the essential parts of the research project before writing them up.

The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln focuses on global research. This text teaches readers how to synthesize existing literature, identify current research, and focus on caps that can be filled. the authors gather contributions from some of the most well-renowned researchers, addressing issues in research projects today. This text focuses more on research regarding social justice therefore, this is better for people in the social sciences.

Research Methods in Education , by Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manon, and Keith Morrison, is essential for students and professional researchers who want to learn how to create a comprehensive research project. It’s broken up into helpful chapters wrapped up by a convenient summary at the end, explaining to readers how to hit the high points.

Research Methods in Education also comes with a helpful companion website that contains PowerPoint slides for every chapter. This book can be read independently and discussed with a classroom full of students. The book has been written at a level that is accessible even to high school students, but the basics can be a helpful review for graduate researchers.

Academic research comes in many shapes and forms, with qualitative and quantitative research having high points; however, the basics are the same across all fields. Researchers need to learn how to develop a hypothesis, put together a research methodology, collect their data, interpret it, and write up their findings.

It can be helpful to use the books about research above to refine your research methods . Each book focuses on a slightly different facet of academic research, so readers need to find the right book to meet their needs. With a substantial text, readers can avoid common mistakes, follow in the footsteps of successful researchers, and increase their chances of writing a solid research paper for school or getting their paper accepted into an academic journal.

Books About Research FAQs

Quantitative research focuses more on numbers and statistics. This type of research is more common in hard sciences such as biology, chemistry, and physics.

Qualitative research focuses more on overall meanings and concepts. This type of research is more common in social sciences such as anthropology, archaeology, and research topics focusing on social justice.

It would help compare prior articles in that academic journal to the article you have written. Most academic journals focus on a specific field, and you need to submit your article to a publication that shares research articles similar to your own. Be sure to consider the prestige of the journal before submitting your paper.

If you enjoyed this round-up of the best research books, you might also like our top 11 essay writing tips for students .

• University of Michigan Library
• Research Guides

The Library Research Process, Step-by-Step

• Reading Scholarly Articles
• Finding & Exploring a Topic
• Finding Books
• Finding Articles
• Evaluating Sources
• Understanding & Using a Citation Style

Reading Scholarly Articles: Step-by-Step

1. Read the Abstract Section

The first step in reading a scholarly article is to read the abstract or summary of the article. Abstracts are always found at the beginning of an article and provide a basic summary or roadmap to the article. The abstract also introduces the purpose of the article.

Take a few minutes to carefully read the abstract of the practice article. Note that the abstract is not formally labeled "abstract" but is called "background and aims." Any summary at the start of an article is considered the abstract.

The abstract should always be read first to make sure the article is relevant to your topic. However, reading the abstract should never replace reading the entire article as the abstract is too brief to be used to fully understand the article.

2. Read the Conclusion Section Reading the conclusion will help you understand the main points of the article and what the authors are attempting to prove. 

3. Read the Introduction Section Now that you have an overview of the article from the abstract and understand the main points the authors are trying to prove from the conclusion, you will want to read the introduction.

4. Read the Results Section

Read the results section. Here are a couple of suggestions for deciphering results:

• If you are a visual learner, the charts may make sense to you.
• If charts are difficult to understand, look over the narrative and then return to the charts.
• Using the charts can help enhance your understanding of the narrative
• Look for works like "important" or "significant" and make special note of these phrases as these usually are signals from the author of an important result.

5. Read the Methods Section Reading the methods section will help you understand how the study or experiment was conducted. It is necessary for other researchers to understand the methods used so that they can replicate the study.

The methods section can also be difficult to read due to technical language used and density of the section. Try circling words, acronyms, and surveys you are unfamiliar with and look them up as those may be important to fully understand the article and may be necessary for future research. 

6. Read the Discussion & Limitations Section

The discussion section is where you will find the researcher's interpretation of the results. The author should answer the article's research question. Remember, you should evaluate the data to form your own conclusions. Don't just accept the author's conclusions without looking at the data for yourself.

Often authors will include a section detailing the limits to their research and their conclusions. The limitation section will usually explain conclusions that could not be drawn from the research as well as areas that future research is needed.

7. Read Through One More Time  After you have jumped around and read the different sections of the article, go back to the beginning and read the article in order. The article should be easier to read and make more sense as you will already be familiar with the main points in each section.

Watch: How to Read a Scholarly Article

Why Watch This Video? You'll learn essential strategies for reading scientific or scholarly journal articles, including:

• Identifying distinct sections (abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion) and the purpose of those sections 
• How to effectively skim content using the ADIRM process (Abstract, Discussion, Introduction, Results, Methods), which will help you assess scholarly articles' relevance and validity
• Distinguishing between main points and less relevant sub points within scholarly research articles. 
• Learning about and applying these techniques will save you time and effort when working through your course assignments.

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

Unit 6: Qual vs Quant.

29 Mixed Methods in Communication Research

Mixed methods in communication research.

Many communication researchers use a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their research questions. For example, a study might use surveys to gather broad quantitative data and follow up with interviews to explore the findings in more depth. In interpersonal communication research, a study might use surveys to gather broad quantitative data on communication satisfaction and follow up with interviews to explore the findings in more depth.

By using both methods, communication researchers can obtain a richer, more nuanced understanding of how communication works and its impact on society.

Example Applications

• Relationship Dynamics : Quantitative surveys might assess the impact of communication behaviors on relationship satisfaction, while qualitative interviews explore the nuances of these behaviors in everyday interactions.
• Health Communication : Quantitative surveys could assess the effectiveness of a public health campaign, while qualitative interviews provide insights into how different audiences perceive and respond to the campaign messages.
• Media Effects : Quantitative methods might measure the impact of violent media on aggression, while qualitative methods explore how individuals interpret and make sense of violent content.
• Conflict Resolution : Quantitative methods might measure the effectiveness of different conflict resolution strategies, while qualitative methods explore how individuals perceive and experience these strategies.
• Non-Verbal Communication : Quantitative studies could analyze the impact of non-verbal cues on communication effectiveness, while qualitative research provides insights into how these cues are interpreted in different contexts.

Communication Research in Real Life Copyright © 2023 by Kate Magsamen-Conrad. All Rights Reserved.

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RSC Advances

Zinc metal complexes synthesized by a green method as a new approach to alter the structural and optical characteristics of pva: new field for polymer composite fabrication with controlled optical band gap.

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Old Campus, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq

b Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Kurdistan Region, Ranya 46012, Iraq

c Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq E-mail: [email protected]

d Department of Physics, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

The current study employed a novel approach to design polymer composites with modified structural and declined optical band gaps. The results obtained in the present work for polymer composites can be considered an original method to make a new field for research based on green chemistry. Natural dyes extracted from green tea were mixed with hydrated zinc acetate (Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 O) to produce a metal complex. FTIR results comprehensively established the formation of the Zn-metal complex. The interaction among various components of PVA : Zn-metal complex composite was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. The non-existence of anion bands of acetate in the Zn-metal complex spectrum confirms the formation of the Zn-metal complex. XRD analysis reveals that the Zn-metal complex improves the amorphous phase of the PVA-based composites. The absorption edge of the doped films shifted towards the lower photon energies. Optical dielectric properties were used to determine N / m *, ε ∞ , τ , μ opt , ω p , and ρ opt ; the W–D model was used to calculate E d , E o and n o parameters. The optical dielectric loss parameter was used to determine the optical band gap while the Tauc model was employed to identify various types of electron transitions. The optical energy band gap was 6.05 eV for clean PVA while it decreased to 1 eV for PVA inserted with the Zn-metal complex. The increase in Urbach energy from 0.26 eV to 0.45 eV is an evidence of the boost of amorphous phases in PVA : Zn-metal complex composites. The nonlinear refractive index and the first-order and second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities were determined. The value of E o obtained from the W–D model closely matches the optical energy band gap obtained from the Tauc model, which indicates the precision of the analysis in the present study. The increase in SELF and VELF in the composite films establishes that new energy states assigned to the added Zn-metal complex amplify the probability of light–matter interaction.

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D. S. Muhammad, D. M. Aziz and S. B. Aziz, RSC Adv. , 2024,  14 , 26362 DOI: 10.1039/D4RA04228J

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A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research 1st Edition

• ISBN-10 9781483359045
• ISBN-13 978-1483359045
• Edition 1st
• Publisher SAGE Publications, Inc
• Publication date April 22, 2014
• Language English
• Dimensions 6.25 x 0.5 x 9.5 inches
• Print length 152 pages
• See all details

Editorial Reviews

About the author.

John W. Creswell, PhD, is a Professor of Family Medicine and Senior Research Scientist of

the Michigan Mixed Methods Program. He has authored numerous articles and 34 books on

mixed methods research, qualitative research, and research design. While at the University of

Nebraska–Lincoln, he held the Clifton Endowed Professor Chair, served as Director of the

Mixed Methods Research Office, co-founded SAGE’s Journal of Mixed Methods Research , and

was an Adjunct Professor of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan and a consultant to

the Veterans Administration Health Services Research Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was

a Senior Fulbright Scholar to South Africa in 2008 and to Thailand in 2012. In 2011, he co-led

a National Institutes of Health working group on the “best practices of mixed methods research

in the health sciences,” served as a Visiting Professor at Harvard’s School of Public Health and

received an honorary doctorate from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. In 2014, he was

the founding President of the Mixed Methods International Research Association. In 2015, he

joined the staff of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan to Co-Direct the Michigan

Mixed Methods Program. In 2017, he coauthored the American Psychological Association

“standards” on qualitative and mixed methods research. The fourth edition of this book on

Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design won the 2018 McGuffey Longevity Award from the U.S.

Textbook & Academic Authors Association. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he gave virtual

keynote presentations to many countries from his office in Osaka, Japan. Updates on his work

can be found on his website at johnwcreswell.com.

Product details

• ASIN ‏ : ‎ 1483359042
• Publisher ‏ : ‎ SAGE Publications, Inc; 1st edition (April 22, 2014)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 152 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9781483359045
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1483359045
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 7.2 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.25 x 0.5 x 9.5 inches
• #294 in Social Sciences Research
• #1,804 in Social Sciences (Books)

About the author

John w. creswell.

John W. Creswell is a Professor of Educational Psychology at Teachers College, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He is affiliated with a graduate program in educational psychology that specializes in quantitative and qualitative methods in education. In this program, he specializes in qualitative and quantitative research designs and methods, multimethod research, and faculty and academic leadership issues in colleges and universities.

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