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Assignment Operators in Programming

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Operator Associativity in Programming
C++ Assignment Operator Overloading
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Assignment Operators In C++
Bitwise AND operator in Programming
Increment and Decrement Operators in Programming
Types of Operators in Programming
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Pre Increment and Post Increment Operator in Programming
Right Shift Operator (>>) in Programming
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Assignment operators in programming are symbols used to assign values to variables. They offer shorthand notations for performing arithmetic operations and updating variable values in a single step. These operators are fundamental in most programming languages and help streamline code while improving readability.

Table of Content

What are Assignment Operators?

Types of Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators in C++
Assignment Operators in Java
Assignment Operators in C#
Assignment Operators in Javascript
Application of Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used in programming to assign values to variables. We use an assignment operator to store and update data within a program. They enable programmers to store data in variables and manipulate that data. The most common assignment operator is the equals sign ( = ), which assigns the value on the right side of the operator to the variable on the left side.

Types of Assignment Operators:

Simple Assignment Operator ( = )
Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )

Below is a table summarizing common assignment operators along with their symbols, description, and examples:

Operator	Description	Examples
= (Assignment)	Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.	assigns the value 10 to the variable x.
+= (Addition Assignment)	Adds the value on the right to the current value of the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable.	is equivalent to
-= (Subtraction Assignment)	Subtracts the value on the right from the current value of the variable on the left and assigns the result to the variable.	is equivalent to
*= (Multiplication Assignment)	Multiplies the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable.	is equivalent to
/= (Division Assignment)	Divides the current value of the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable.	is equivalent to
%= (Modulo Assignment)	Calculates the modulo of the current value of the variable on the left and the value on the right, then assigns the result to the variable.	is equivalent to

Assignment Operators in C:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in C language:

Assignment Operators in C++:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in C++ language:

Assignment Operators in Java:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in java language:

Assignment Operators in Python:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in python language:

Assignment Operators in C#:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in C# language:

Assignment Operators in Javascript:

Here are the implementation of Assignment Operator in javascript language:

Application of Assignment Operators:

Variable Initialization : Setting initial values to variables during declaration.
Mathematical Operations : Combining arithmetic operations with assignment to update variable values.
Loop Control : Updating loop variables to control loop iterations.
Conditional Statements : Assigning different values based on conditions in conditional statements.
Function Return Values : Storing the return values of functions in variables.
Data Manipulation : Assigning values received from user input or retrieved from databases to variables.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, assignment operators in programming are essential tools for assigning values to variables and performing operations in a concise and efficient manner. They allow programmers to manipulate data and control the flow of their programs effectively. Understanding and using assignment operators correctly is fundamental to writing clear, efficient, and maintainable code in various programming languages.

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cppreference.com

Assignment operators.














(C11)









Miscellaneous

General




(C11)







(C99)

Assignment and compound assignment operators are binary operators that modify the variable to their left using the value to their right.

Operator	Operator name	Example	Description	Equivalent of
=	basic assignment	a = b	becomes equal to
+=	addition assignment	a += b	becomes equal to the addition of and	a = a + b
-=	subtraction assignment	a -= b	becomes equal to the subtraction of from	a = a - b
*=	multiplication assignment	a *= b	becomes equal to the product of and	a = a * b
/=	division assignment	a /= b	becomes equal to the division of by	a = a / b
%=	modulo assignment	a %= b	becomes equal to the remainder of divided by	a = a % b
&=	bitwise AND assignment	a &= b	becomes equal to the bitwise AND of and	a = a & b
\|=	bitwise OR assignment	a \|= b	becomes equal to the bitwise OR of and	a = a \| b
^=	bitwise XOR assignment	a ^= b	becomes equal to the bitwise XOR of and	a = a ^ b
<<=	bitwise left shift assignment	a <<= b	becomes equal to left shifted by	a = a << b
>>=	bitwise right shift assignment	a >>= b	becomes equal to right shifted by	a = a >> b

Simple assignment Notes Compound assignment References See Also See also

[ edit ] Simple assignment

The simple assignment operator expressions have the form


lhs rhs

lhs	-	expression of any complete object type
rhs	-	expression of any type to lhs or with lhs

Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs .

Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non-lvalue (so that expressions such as ( a = b ) = c are invalid).

rhs and lhs must satisfy one of the following:

both lhs and rhs have compatible struct or union type, or..
rhs must be implicitly convertible to lhs , which implies
both lhs and rhs have arithmetic types , in which case lhs may be volatile -qualified or atomic (since C11)
both lhs and rhs have pointer to compatible (ignoring qualifiers) types, or one of the pointers is a pointer to void, and the conversion would not add qualifiers to the pointed-to type. lhs may be volatile or restrict (since C99) -qualified or atomic (since C11) .
lhs is a (possibly qualified or atomic (since C11) ) pointer and rhs is a null pointer constant such as NULL or a nullptr_t value (since C23)

has type (possibly qualified or atomic(since C11)) _Bool and rhs is a pointer or a value(since C23)

(since C99)

has type (possibly qualified or atomic) and rhs has type

(since C23)

[ edit ] Notes

If rhs and lhs overlap in memory (e.g. they are members of the same union), the behavior is undefined unless the overlap is exact and the types are compatible .

Although arrays are not assignable, an array wrapped in a struct is assignable to another object of the same (or compatible) struct type.

The side effect of updating lhs is sequenced after the value computations, but not the side effects of lhs and rhs themselves and the evaluations of the operands are, as usual, unsequenced relative to each other (so the expressions such as i = ++ i ; are undefined)

Assignment strips extra range and precision from floating-point expressions (see FLT_EVAL_METHOD ).

In C++, assignment operators are lvalue expressions, not so in C.

[ edit ] Compound assignment

The compound assignment operator expressions have the form


lhs op rhs

op	-	one of *=, /= %=, += -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, \|=
lhs, rhs	-	expressions with (where lhs may be qualified or atomic), except when op is += or -=, which also accept pointer types with the same restrictions as + and -

The expression lhs @= rhs is exactly the same as lhs = lhs @ ( rhs ) , except that lhs is evaluated only once.

If lhs has type, the operation behaves as a single atomic read-modify-write operation with memory order .

For integer atomic types, the compound assignment @= is equivalent to:

addr = &lhs; T2 val = rhs; T1 old = *addr; T1 new; do { new = old @ val } while (! (addr, &old, new);

(since C11)

[ edit ] References

C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 72-73)
C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 101-104)
C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 91-93)
C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
3.3.16 Assignment operators

[ edit ] See Also

Operator precedence

Common operators

a = b a += b a -= b a *= b a /= b a %= b a &= b a \|= b a ^= b a <<= b a >>= b	++a --a a++ a--	+a -a a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b ~a a & b a \| b a ^ b a << b a >> b	!a a && b a \|\| b	a == b a != b a < b a > b a <= b a >= b	a[b] *a &a a->b a.b	a(...) a, b (type) a a ? b : c sizeof _Alignof (since C11)

[ edit ] See also

for Assignment operators

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4.5: Assignment Operator

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Kenneth Leroy Busbee
Houston Community College via OpenStax CNX

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The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol. But bite your tongue, when you see the = symbol you need to start thinking: assignment. The assignment operator has two operands. The one to the left of the operator is usually an identifier name for a variable. The one to the right of the operator is a value.

The value 21 is moved to the memory location for the variable named: age. Another way to say it: age is assigned the value 21.

The item to the right of the assignment operator is an expression. The expression will be evaluated and the answer is 14. The value 14 would assigned to the variable named: total_cousins.

The expression to the right of the assignment operator contains some identifier names. The program would fetch the values stored in those variables; add them together and get a value of 44; then assign the 44 to the total_students variable.

Definitions

C++ Tutorial

C++ functions, c++ classes, c++ reference, c++ examples, c++ assignment operators, assignment operators.

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

In the example below, we use the assignment operator ( = ) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x :

The addition assignment operator ( += ) adds a value to a variable:

A list of all assignment operators:

Operator	Example	Same As
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3
\|=	x \|= 3	x = x \| 3
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3

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What is an assignment operator in c.

Assignment Operators in C are used to assign values to the variables. They come under the category of binary operators as they require two operands to operate upon. The left side operand is called a variable and the right side operand is the value. The value on the right side of the "=" is assigned to the variable on the left side of "=". The value on the right side must be of the same data type as the variable on the left side. Hence, the associativity is from right to left.

In this C tutorial , we'll understand the types of C programming assignment operators with examples. To delve deeper you can enroll in our C Programming Course .

Before going in-depth about assignment operators you must know about operators in C. If you haven't visited the Operators in C tutorial, refer to Operators in C: Types of Operators .

Types of Assignment Operators in C

There are two types of assignment operators in C:


+=	addition assignment	It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
-=	subtraction assignment	It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
*=	multiplication assignment	It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand
/=	division assignment	It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
%=	modulo assignment	It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.

Example of Augmented Arithmetic and Assignment Operators

There can be five combinations of bitwise operators with the assignment operator, "=". Let's look at them one by one.


&=	bitwise AND assignment	It performs the bitwise AND operation on the variable with the value on the right
\|=	bitwise OR assignment	It performs the bitwise OR operation on the variable with the value on the right
^=	bitwise XOR assignment	It performs the bitwise XOR operation on the variable with the value on the right
<<=	bitwise left shift assignment	Shifts the bits of the variable to the left by the value on the right
>>=	bitwise right shift assignment	Shifts the bits of the variable to the right by the value on the right

Example of Augmented Bitwise and Assignment Operators

Practice problems on assignment operators in c, 1. what will the value of "x" be after the execution of the following code.

The correct answer is 52. x starts at 50, increases by 5 to 55, then decreases by 3 to 52.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of the number variable?

The correct answer is 144. After right-shifting 73 (binary 1001001) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 144 (binary 10010000).

Benefits of Using Assignment Operators

Simplifies Code: For example, x += 1 is shorter and clearer than x = x + 1.
Reduces Errors: They break complex expressions into simpler, more manageable parts thus reducing errors.
Improves Readability: They make the code easier to read and understand by succinctly expressing common operations.
Enhances Performance: They often operate in place, potentially reducing the need for additional memory or temporary variables.

Best Practices and Tips for Using the Assignment Operator

While performing arithmetic operations with the same variable, use compound assignment operators

Initialize Variables When Declaring int count = 0 ; // Initialization
Avoid Complex Expressions in Assignments a = (b + c) * (d - e); // Consider breaking it down: int temp = b + c; a = temp * (d - e);
Avoid Multiple Assignments in a Single Statement // Instead of this a = b = c = 0 ; // Do this a = 0 ; b = 0 ; c = 0 ;
Consistent Formatting int result = 0 ; result += 10 ;

When mixing assignments with other operations, use parentheses to ensure the correct order of evaluation.

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Assignment operators














(C11)
(C11)










Miscellaneous

General

Assignment and compound assignment operators are binary operators that modify the variable to their left using the value to their right.

Operator	Operator name	Example	Description	Equivalent of
=	basic assignment	a = b	becomes equal to
+=	addition assignment	a += b	becomes equal to the addition of and	a = a + b
-=	subtraction assignment	a -= b	becomes equal to the subtraction of from	a = a - b
*=	multiplication assignment	a *= b	becomes equal to the product of and	a = a * b
/=	division assignment	a /= b	becomes equal to the division of by	a = a / b
%=	modulo assignment	a %= b	becomes equal to the remainder of divided by	a = a % b
&=	bitwise AND assignment	a &= b	becomes equal to the bitwise AND of and	a = a & b
\|=	bitwise OR assignment	a \|= b	becomes equal to the bitwise OR of and	a = a \| b
^=	bitwise XOR assignment	a ^= b	becomes equal to the bitwise XOR of and	a = a ^ b
<<=	bitwise left shift assignment	a <<= b	becomes equal to left shifted by	a = a << b
>>=	bitwise right shift assignment	a >>= b	becomes equal to right shifted by	a = a >> b

Simple assignment

The simple assignment operator expressions have the form


lhs rhs

lhs	-	expression of any complete object type
rhs	-	expression of any type to lhs or with lhs

Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of rhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs .

rhs and lhs must satisfy one of the following:

both lhs and rhs have compatible struct or union type, or..
rhs must be implicitly convertible to lhs , which implies
both lhs and rhs have arithmetic types , in which case lhs may be volatile -qualified or atomic
both lhs and rhs have pointer to compatible (ignoring qualifiers) types, or one of the pointers is a pointer to void, and the conversion would not add qualifiers to the pointed-to type. lhs may be volatile or restrict -qualified or atomic .
lhs is a pointer (possibly qualified or atomic) and rhs is a null pointer constant such as NULL
lhs has type _Bool (possibly qualified or atomic) and rhs is a pointer

If rhs and lhs overlap in memory (e.g. they are members of the same union), the behavior is undefined unless the overlap is exact and the types are compatible .

Although arrays are not assignable, an array wrapped in a struct is assignable to another object of the same (or compatible) struct type.

Assignment strips extra range and precision from floating-point expressions (see FLT_EVAL_METHOD ).

In C++, assignment operators are lvalue expressions, not so in C

Compound assignment

The compound assignment operator expressions have the form


lhs op rhs

op	-	one of *=, /= %=, += -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, \|=
lhs, rhs	-	expressions with (where lhs may be qualified or atomic), except when op is += or -=, which also accept pointer types with the same restrictions as + and -

The expression lhs @= rhs is exactly the same as lhs = lhs @ ( rhs ) , except that lhs is evaluated only once.

If lhs has type, the operation behaves as a single atomic read-modify-write operation with memory order

For integer atomic types, the compound assignment @= is equivalent to:

addr = &lhs; T2 val = rhs; T1 old = *addr; T1 new; do { new = old @ val } while (! (addr, &old, new);

(since C11)

This section is incomplete
Reason: no example

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 101-104)
C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 91-93)
C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
3.3.16 Assignment operators

Operator precedence

Common operators

a = b a += b a -= b a *= b a /= b a %= b a &= b a \|= b a ^= b a <<= b a >>= b	++a --a a++ a--	+a -a a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b ~a a & b a \| b a ^ b a << b a >> b	!a a && b a \|\| b	a == b a != b a < b a > b a <= b a >= b	a[b] *a &a a->b a.b	a(...) a, b (type) a ? : sizeof _Alignof (since C11)

Java Tutorial

Control statements, java object class, java inheritance, java polymorphism, java abstraction, java encapsulation, java oops misc.

Java is a popular programming language that software developers use to construct a wide range of applications. It is a simple, robust, and platform-independent object-oriented language. There are various types of assignment operators in Java, each with its own function.

In this section, we will look at Java's many types of assignment operators, how they function, and how they are utilized.

To assign a value to a variable, use the basic assignment operator (=). It is the most fundamental assignment operator in Java. It assigns the value on the right side of the operator to the variable on the left side.

In the above example, the variable x is assigned the value 10.

To add a value to a variable and subsequently assign the new value to the same variable, use the addition assignment operator (+=). It takes the value on the right side of the operator, adds it to the variable's existing value on the left side, and then assigns the new value to the variable.

To subtract one numeric number from another, use the subtraction operator. All numeric data types, including integers and floating-point values, can be utilised with it. Here's an illustration:

In this example, we create two integer variables, a and b, subtract b from a, and then assign the result to the variable c.

To combine two numerical numbers, use the multiplication operator. All numeric data types, including integers and floating-point values, can be utilised with it. Here's an illustration:

In this example, we declare two integer variables, a and b, multiply their values using the multiplication operator, and then assign the outcome to the third variable, c.

To divide one numerical number by another, use the division operator. All numeric data types, including integers and floating-point values, can be utilised with it. Here's an illustration:

In this example, we declare two integer variables, a and b, divide them by one another using the division operator, and then assign the outcome to the variable c.

It's vital to remember that when two numbers are divided, the outcome will also be an integer, and any residual will be thrown away. For instance:

The modulus assignment operator (%=) computes the remainder of a variable divided by a value and then assigns the resulting value to the same variable. It takes the value on the right side of the operator, divides it by the current value of the variable on the left side, and then assigns the new value to the variable on the left side.

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Assignment operators (C# reference)

11 contributors

The assignment operator = assigns the value of its right-hand operand to a variable, a property , or an indexer element given by its left-hand operand. The result of an assignment expression is the value assigned to the left-hand operand. The type of the right-hand operand must be the same as the type of the left-hand operand or implicitly convertible to it.

The assignment operator = is right-associative, that is, an expression of the form

is evaluated as

The following example demonstrates the usage of the assignment operator with a local variable, a property, and an indexer element as its left-hand operand:

The left-hand operand of an assignment receives the value of the right-hand operand. When the operands are of value types , assignment copies the contents of the right-hand operand. When the operands are of reference types , assignment copies the reference to the object.

This is called value assignment : the value is assigned.

ref assignment

Ref assignment = ref makes its left-hand operand an alias to the right-hand operand, as the following example demonstrates:

In the preceding example, the local reference variable arrayElement is initialized as an alias to the first array element. Then, it's ref reassigned to refer to the last array element. As it's an alias, when you update its value with an ordinary assignment operator = , the corresponding array element is also updated.

The left-hand operand of ref assignment can be a local reference variable , a ref field , and a ref , out , or in method parameter. Both operands must be of the same type.

Compound assignment

For a binary operator op , a compound assignment expression of the form

is equivalent to

except that x is only evaluated once.

Compound assignment is supported by arithmetic , Boolean logical , and bitwise logical and shift operators.

Null-coalescing assignment

You can use the null-coalescing assignment operator ??= to assign the value of its right-hand operand to its left-hand operand only if the left-hand operand evaluates to null . For more information, see the ?? and ??= operators article.

Operator overloadability

A user-defined type can't overload the assignment operator. However, a user-defined type can define an implicit conversion to another type. That way, the value of a user-defined type can be assigned to a variable, a property, or an indexer element of another type. For more information, see User-defined conversion operators .

A user-defined type can't explicitly overload a compound assignment operator. However, if a user-defined type overloads a binary operator op , the op= operator, if it exists, is also implicitly overloaded.

C# language specification

For more information, see the Assignment operators section of the C# language specification .

C# operators and expressions
ref keyword
Use compound assignment (style rules IDE0054 and IDE0074)

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C# - Assignment Operators

There are following assignment operators supported by C# −

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	C = A + B assigns value of A + B into C
+=	Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand	C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand	C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand	C = A is equivalent to C = C A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand	C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand	C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator	C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator	C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator	C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^=	bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator	C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
\|=	bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator	C \|= 2 is same as C = C \| 2

The following example demonstrates all the assignment operators available in C# −

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −

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Assignment operator explanation in Java

I have this and it gives:

I was hoping it will give

At (1) Why was the value of the index in assignment not changed to 2 ( and kept as 3). ?

3 Answers 3

The right-associativity of = implied by section 15.26 of the Java Language Specification (JLS) means that your expression can be represented as a tree , thus:

But then, section 15.7 states:

The Java programming language guarantees that the operands of operators appear to be evaluated in a specific evaluation order, namely, from left to right.

Therefore, arr[index] is evaluated before index = 2 is, i.e. before the value of index is updated.

Obviously, you should never write code that relies on this fact, as it relies on rules that almost no reader understands.

Nitpick: arr[index] is not evaluated as it's not even expression here. arr and index are. – zch Jul 22, 2013 at 0:22
@zch: arr[index] is an expression, no? – Oliver Charlesworth Jul 22, 2013 at 0:23
@OliCharlesworth, not really on the left side of assignment (in Java). It surely doesn't work like an expression there. – zch Jul 22, 2013 at 0:30
@zch: Hmm, sort of. But indeed the quote in your answer describes it as an expression... – Oliver Charlesworth Jul 22, 2013 at 0:31
In other words, never be ashamed to use parentheses. – Hot Licks Jul 22, 2013 at 0:42

Java language Specification: 15.26.1. Simple Assignment Operator = If the left-hand operand is an array access expression (§15.13), possibly enclosed in one or more pairs of parentheses, then: First, the array reference subexpression of the left-hand operand array access expression is evaluated. If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes abruptly for the same reason; the index subexpression (of the left-hand operand array access expression) and the right-hand operand are not evaluated and no assignment occurs. Otherwise, the index subexpression of the left-hand operand array access expression is evaluated . If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes abruptly for the same reason and the right-hand operand is not evaluated and no assignment occurs. Otherwise, the right-hand operand is evaluated . If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes abruptly for the same reason and no assignment occurs. [...] (further steps are explained)

As you can see the index is evaluated before the right-hand side of the assignment.

The array index header is evaluated first, to conclude the appropriate location for the assignment ( arr[index] ).
All following operators are evaluated for precedence, and found equal (all operators are assignments and thus have the same precedence).
Than the operands are evaluated according to the associativity, which is right-to-left for the assignment operator.

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Programming

Rahul Awati

What is an operator in mathematics and programming?

In mathematics and computer programming , an operator is a character that represents a specific mathematical or logical action or process. For instance, "x" is an arithmetic operator that indicates multiplication, while "&&" is a logical operator representing the logical AND function in programming.

Depending on its type, an operator manipulates an arithmetic or logical value, or operand, in a specific way to generate a specific result. From handling simple arithmetic functions to facilitating the execution of complex algorithms, like security encryption , operators play an important role in the programming world.

Mathematical and logical operators should not be confused with a system operator , or sysop, which refers to a person operating a server or the hardware and software in a computing system or network.

Operators and logic gates

In computer programs, Boolean operators are among the most familiar and commonly used sets of operators. These operators work only with true or false values and include the following:

These operators and variations, such as XOR, are used in logic gates .

Boolean operators can also be used in online search engines , like Google. For example, a user can enter a phrase like "Galileo AND satellite" -- some search engines require the operator be capitalized in order to generate results that provide combined information about both Galileo and satellite.

Types of operators

There are many types of operators used in computing systems and in different programming languages. Based on their function, they can be categorized in six primary ways.

1. Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators are used for mathematical calculations. These operators take numerical values as operands and return a single unique numerical value, meaning there can only be one correct answer.

The standard arithmetic operators and their symbols are given below.


+	Addition (a+b)	This operation adds both the operands on either side of the + operator.
-	Subtraction (a-b)	This operation subtracts the right-hand operand from the left.
*	Multiplication (a*b)	This operation multiplies both the operands.
/	Division (a/b)	This operation divides the left-hand operand by the operand on the right.
%	Modulus (a%b)	This operation returns the remainder after dividing the left-hand operand by the right operand.

2. Relational operators

Relational operators are widely used for comparison operators. They enter the picture when certain conditions must be satisfied to return either a true or false value based on the comparison. That's why these operators are also known as conditional operators.

The standard relational operators and their symbols are given below.


==	Equal (a==b)	This operator checks if the values of both operands are equal. If yes, the condition becomes TRUE.
!=	Not equal (a!=b)	This operator checks if the values of both operands are equal. If not, the condition becomes TRUE.
>	Greater than (a>b)	This operator checks if the left operand value is greater than the right. If yes, the condition becomes TRUE.
<	Less than (a<b)	This operator checks if the left operand is less than the value of right. If yes, the condition becomes TRUE.
>=	Greater than or equal (a>=b)	This operator checks if the left operand value is greater than or equal to the value of the right. If either condition is satisfied, the operator returns a TRUE value.
<=	Less than or equal (a<=b)	This operator checks if the left operand value is less than or equal to the value of the right. If either condition is satisfied, the operator returns a TRUE value.

3. Bitwise operators

Bitwise operators are used to manipulate bits and perform bit-level operations . These operators convert integers into binary before performing the required operation and then showing the decimal result.

The standard bitwise operators and their symbols are given below.


&	Bitwise AND (a&b)	This operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. So, the result is 1 only if both bits are 1.
\|	Bitwise OR (a\|b)	This operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in either operand. So, the result is 1 if either bit is 1.
^	Bitwise XOR (a^b)	This operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in either operand. So, even if one of the operands is TRUE, the result is TRUE. However, if neither operand is TRUE, the result is FALSE.
~	Bitwise NOT (~a)	This unary operator flips the bits (1 to 0 and 0 to 1).

4. Logical operators

Logical operators play a key role in programming because they enable a system or program to take specific decisions depending on the specific underlying conditions. These operators take Boolean values as input and return the same as output.

The standard logical operators and their symbols are given below.


&&	Logical AND (a&&b)	This operator returns TRUE only if both the operands are TRUE or if both the conditions are satisfied. It not, it returns FALSE.
\|\|	(a\|\|b)	This operator returns TRUE if either operand is TRUE. It also returns TRUE if both the operands are TRUE. If neither operand is true, it returns FALSE.
!	Logical NOT (!a)	This unary operator returns TRUE if the operand is FALSE and vice versa. It is used to reverse the logical state of its (single) operand.

5. Assignment operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The left operand is a variable, and the right is a value -- for example, x=3.

The data types of the variable and the value must match; otherwise, the program compiler raises an error, and the operation fails.

The standard assignment operators and their symbols are given below.


=	Assignment (a=b)	This operator assigns the value of the right operand to the left operand (variable).
+=	Add and assign (a+=b)	This operator adds the right operand and the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Logically, the operator means a=a+b.
-=	Subtract and assign (a-=b)	This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Logically, the operator means a=a-b.
*=	Multiply and assign (a*=b)	This operator multiplies the right operand and the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Logically, the operator means a=a*b.
/=	Divide and assign (a/=b)	This operator divides the left operand and the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. Logically, the operator means a=a/b.
%=	Modulus and assign (a%=b)	This operator performs the modulus operation on the two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. Logically, the operator means a=a%b.

6. Increment/decrement operators

The increment/decrement operators are unary operators, meaning they require only one operand and perform an operation on that operand. They sometimes are called monadic operators .

The standard increment/decrement operators and their symbols are given below.


++	Post-increment (a++)	This operator increments the value of the operand by 1 after using its value.
--	Post-decrement (a--)	This operator decrements the value of the operand by 1 after using its value.
++	Pre-increment (++a)	This operator increments the value of the operand by 1 before using its value.
--	Pre-decrement (--a)	This operator decrements the value of the operand by 1 before using its value.

See also: proximity operator , search string , logical negation symbol , character and mathematical symbols .

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Maintenance Systems Operator - TP129763

Job description, #tp129763 maintenance systems operator.

Position available through UC San Diego Temporary Employment Services (TES). Employment through TES is an excellent way to gain valuable UC San Diego experience and get your foot in the door for career positions. TES employment includes medical coverage, paid vacation & sick time, paid holidays, as well as training and development opportunities!

ASSIGNMENT DETAILS

UC San Diego's TES is hiring three (3) Maintenance Systems Operators to help support campus operations and provide emergency response services to campus building maintenance systems.

Duration: This role is anticipated to last 5.5-6 months

Compensation: $46.17 / hour. Eligible for Full Medical Benefits, Vacation, Sick, and Holiday pay

Work Schedule: Three options: (1) Mon-Fri 6:00am-2:30pm (2) Tues-Sat 6:00am-2:30pm (3) Sun-Thurs 6:00am-2:30pm

Location: 100% on-site on campus in La Jolla.

DESCRIPTION

Perform skilled duties in the operation, maintenance, troubleshooting and alteration/repair of utility and building systems, controls, sub-systems and accessories such as but not limited to boilers, heating hot water systems, Autoclaves, steam and condensate systems and water chemistry to maintain and extend the life of the building mechanical equipment.
Test, maintain, repair and calibrate systems and equipment, diagnose equipment problems and perform complete repairs.
Communicate and document corrective action necessary to avoid malfunctions, energy excess, shutdown or damage of any system.
Adhere to policies, procedures and practices concerning safety and operation instructions.
Comply with rules and regulations applicable to building codes.
Establish and maintain a positive and cooperative working relationship with members of department and campus community.

QUALIFICATIONS

Thorough knowledge demonstrated by experience operating, maintaining and repairing building systems including but not limited to, electronic controls, pneumatic controls, autoclaves, building steam systems, domestic and industrial water systems, compressed air systems, refrigeration, air conditioning compressors and controls, air handlers, heat exchangers, vacuum pumps and other building systems related to mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems.
Experience with and knowledge of troubleshooting and tests performed for systems operations with ability to determine and perform repair needs and effectively communicate technical description to supervisor.
Knowledge of and experience with the proper use and maintenance of hand and power tools related to job functions.
Strong demonstrated ability and experience with reading and interpreting blueprints, isometric drawings, single line electrical drawings, controls sequences and ladder diagrams.
Experience with and basic knowledge of electrical and electronic systems.
Knowledge of building codes, rules and regulations as well as ability to understand and apply UCSD policies and procedures as related to the position.
Ability to observe and practice safe working habits and maintain security of buildings and systems.
Ability to effectively communicate orally, in writing or electronically.
Have substantial knowledge, experience with and understanding of engineering fundamentals with respect to building, utility systems and equipment.

SPECIAL CONDITIONS

DOJ/FBI background checks and clearances are required prior to hire.
DMV check and clearance are required prior to hire.
Must possess and maintain a valid California driver's license.
Ability to work in morgues, gross anatomy and pathological laboratories where human and animal bodies or parts thereof may be exposed to view of worker.
Physical ability to perform tasks assigned to job function. Ability to move through limited access spaces and cover distances on foot to widely separated work sites.

This position has been identified as a Mandated Reporter pursuant to the California Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) and requires immediate reporting of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or neglect of anyone under the age of 18. It is the responsibility of the Mandated Reporter to ensure that they obtain proper training in order to fulfill their reporting responsibilities as required by the California Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act and University policy, and to complete and submit the required reports to the UC San Diego Police Department without delay.

Pay Transparency Act

Annual Full Pay Range: $96,403 - $96,403 (will be prorated if the appointment percentage is less than 100%)

Hourly Equivalent: $46.17 - $46.17

Factors in determining the appropriate compensation for a role include experience, skills, knowledge, abilities, education, licensure and certifications, and other business and organizational needs. The Hiring Pay Scale referenced in the job posting is the budgeted salary or hourly range that the University reasonably expects to pay for this position. The Annual Full Pay Range may be broader than what the University anticipates to pay for this position, based on internal equity, budget, and collective bargaining agreements (when applicable).

If employed by the University of California, you will be required to comply with our Policy on Vaccination Programs, which may be amended or revised from time to time. Federal, state, or local public health directives may impose additional requirements.

To foster the best possible working and learning environment, UC San Diego strives to cultivate a rich and diverse environment, inclusive and supportive of all students, faculty, staff and visitors. For more information, please visit UC San Diego Principles of Community .

UC San Diego is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, age or protected veteran status.

For the University of California’s Affirmative Action Policy please visit: https://policy.ucop.edu/doc/4010393/PPSM-20 For the University of California’s Anti-Discrimination Policy, please visit: https://policy.ucop.edu/doc/1001004/Anti-Discrimination

UC San Diego is a smoke and tobacco free environment. Please visit smokefree.ucsd.edu for more information.

Application Instructions

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Posted : 6/5/2024

Job Reference # : TP129763

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Conditional (ternary) operator

The conditional (ternary) operator is the only JavaScript operator that takes three operands: a condition followed by a question mark ( ? ), then an expression to execute if the condition is truthy followed by a colon ( : ), and finally the expression to execute if the condition is falsy . This operator is frequently used as an alternative to an if...else statement.

An expression whose value is used as a condition.

An expression which is executed if the condition evaluates to a truthy value (one which equals or can be converted to true ).

An expression which is executed if the condition is falsy (that is, has a value which can be converted to false ).

Description

Besides false , possible falsy expressions are: null , NaN , 0 , the empty string ( "" ), and undefined . If condition is any of these, the result of the conditional expression will be the result of executing the expression exprIfFalse .

A simple example

Handling null values.

One common usage is to handle a value that may be null :

Conditional chains

The ternary operator is right-associative, which means it can be "chained" in the following way, similar to an if … else if … else if … else chain:

This is equivalent to the following if...else chain.

Specifications

Specification

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.

Nullish coalescing operator ( ?? )
Optional chaining ( ?. )
Making decisions in your code — conditionals
Expressions and operators guide

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IMAGES

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Assignment Operators in Programming
Assignment operators are used in programming to assign values to variables. We use an assignment operator to store and update data within a program. They enable programmers to store data in variables and manipulate that data. The most common assignment operator is the equals sign (=), which assigns the value on the right side of the operator to ...
Assignment operators
for assignments to class type objects, the right operand could be an initializer list only when the assignment is defined by a user-defined assignment operator. removed user-defined assignment constraint. CWG 1538. C++11. E1 ={E2} was equivalent to E1 = T(E2) ( T is the type of E1 ), this introduced a C-style cast. it is equivalent to E1 = T{E2}
Assignment operators
Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs . Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non ...
Assignment Operators in C
Operator Description Example = Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand: C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C += Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. C += A is equivalent to C = C + A -= Subtract AND ...
Assignment operators
The built-in assignment operators return the value of the object specified by the left operand after the assignment (and the arithmetic/logical operation in the case of compound assignment operators). The resultant type is the type of the left operand. The result of an assignment expression is always an l-value.
4.6: Assignment Operator
Assignment Operator. The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol.
Assignment (=)
The assignment (=) operator is used to assign a value to a variable or property. The assignment expression itself has a value, which is the assigned value. ... Description. The assignment operator is completely different from the equals (=) sign used as syntactic separators in other locations, which include:
4.5: Assignment Operator
Discussion. The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol.
C++ Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. In the example below, we use the assignment operator ( =) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x:
C Programming Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators in C are used to assign values to the variables. They come under the category of binary operators as they require two operands to operate upon. The left side operand is called a variable and the right side operand is the value. The value on the right side of the "=" is assigned to the variable on the left side of "=".
Assignment operators
Assignment and compound assignment operators are binary operators that modify the variable to their left using the value to their right. Operator Operator name Example Description Equivalent of = basic assignment a = b: a becomes equal to b: N/A + = addition assignment a + = b:
Java
Description. Example. =. Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C. +=. Add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
Types of Assignment Operators in Java
To assign a value to a variable, use the basic assignment operator (=). It is the most fundamental assignment operator in Java. It assigns the value on the right side of the operator to the variable on the left side. Example: int x = 10; int x = 10; In the above example, the variable x is assigned the value 10.
What is the exact meaning of an assignment operator?
An assignment operator has two operands. The left operand must be a "modifiable lvalue". An "lvalue" is, roughly, an expression that designates an object. (An "rvalue", as the C standard uses the term, is simply the value that results from evaluating an expression. The C standard defines the term, but rarely uses it.
Assignment operators
In this article. The assignment operator = assigns the value of its right-hand operand to a variable, a property, or an indexer element given by its left-hand operand. The result of an assignment expression is the value assigned to the left-hand operand. The type of the right-hand operand must be the same as the type of the left-hand operand or implicitly convertible to it.
C#
Operator Description Example = Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand: C = A + B assigns value of A + B into C += Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand: C += A is equivalent to C = C + A-=
Assignment operator explanation in Java
Simple Assignment Operator =. If the left-hand operand is an array access expression (§15.13), possibly enclosed in one or more pairs of parentheses, then: First, the array reference subexpression of the left-hand operand array access expression is evaluated. If this evaluation completes abruptly, then the assignment expression completes ...
21.12
21.12 — Overloading the assignment operator. Alex November 27, 2023. The copy assignment operator (operator=) is used to copy values from one object to another already existing object. As of C++11, C++ also supports "Move assignment". We discuss move assignment in lesson 22.3 -- Move constructors and move assignment .
Expressions and operators
The delete operator deletes a property from an object. void. The void operator evaluates an expression and discards its return value. typeof. The typeof operator determines the type of a given object. + The unary plus operator converts its operand to Number type.-The unary negation operator converts its operand to Number type and then negates it. ~
Expressions and operators
An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand. The simple assignment operator is equal (=), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand.That is, x = f() is an assignment expression that assigns the value of f() to x. There are also compound assignment operators that are shorthand for the operations listed in the ...
What is an operator in programming?
5. Assignment operators. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The left operand is a variable, and the right is a value -- for example, x=3. The data types of the variable and the value must match; otherwise, the program compiler raises an error, and the operation fails.
Maintenance Systems Operator
ASSIGNMENT DETAILS. UC San Diego's TES is hiring three (3) Maintenance Systems Operators to help support campus operations and provide emergency response services to campus building maintenance systems. Duration: This role is anticipated to last 5.5-6 months. Compensation: $46.17 / hour.
Conditional (ternary) operator
The conditional (ternary) operator is the only JavaScript operator that takes three operands: a condition followed by a question mark (?), then an expression to execute if the condition is truthy followed by a colon (:), and finally the expression to execute if the condition is falsy. This operator is frequently used as an alternative to an if ...
Hunters vs Hunted Operator Pack
Activision Publishing Inc. • Shooter. Intense Violence, Blood and Gore, Sexual Themes, Use of Drugs, Strong Language. Users Interact, In-Game Purchases. This content requires a game (sold separately). This Pack contains the Hunters vs Hunted Operator Pack for Call of Duty®: Black Ops 6, including Operator Skins for Adler, Park, Brutus and Klaus.
Add co-organizers to a meeting in Microsoft Teams
Open a meeting in your Teams Calendar. Make sure the people you want to add as co-organizers have already been added as required attendees. Select Options > More options. Select Roles . In Choose co-organizers, select their names from the dropdown menu. Select Save.
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Assignment Operators in Programming

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Assignment Operators in Java:

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Application of Assignment Operators:

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