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Your Ultimate Guide to the Great Outdoors

Lost in Time: Exploring 25 Extinct Animals and the Causes Behind Their Extinction

Outforia Quicktake : Key Takeaways

• Animal extinction is a natural part of evolution, but human activities have significantly accelerated the rate of extinction in recent times.
• Extinction can occur due to various factors such as natural disasters, habitat loss, disease, invasive species, and severe climate changes.
• Scientists warn that we may be headed towards a “sixth mass extinction” due to the intense stress that human activities are placing on the Earth.
• The article provides a detailed list of 25 extinct animals, including the Tasmanian Tiger, Woolly Mammoth, Dodo, Passenger Pigeon, and the Mexican Grizzly Bear, among others, explaining the reasons behind their extinction.
• The main causes of extinction today include habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation of wildlife, introduction of non-native invasive species, the spread of diseases, and pollution, most of which are driven by human activities.

Throughout Earth’s history, animal extinction has remained a natural part of evolution. Extinct animals are species that have completely died out.

Animals can go extinct for various reasons. Some have been extinct for thousands to millions of years as a part of evolution and the gradual changes on Earth.

Numerous animals have gone extinct in recent years after struggling with habitat loss, invasive species, diseases, or other factors.

Currently, there are an alarming number of animals at risk of becoming extinct as a result of human activities.

What is Extinction?

Extinction occurs when a plant or animal completely dies out and no longer exists anywhere on Earth . Some animals may be extinct in the wild. This means that an animal occurs in captivity but is no longer found anywhere in the wild.

There are numerous factors that can lead to extinction. It’s a natural part of the evolutionary process, but sometimes the rate of extinction can be accelerated.

Throughout the Earth’s history, there have been multiple mass extinction events that were triggered by natural phenomena.

Today, we’re facing what scientists and researchers refer to as a possible “sixth mass extinction” due to the severe stress human activities are placing on the Earth.

Sea level rise and fall, drastic temperature changes, habitat loss, the introduction of invasive species , and natural disasters can all play a role in animal extinction.

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20 Types of Extinct Animals

There are many animals that have already gone extinct due to natural causes and human activities. Some animals have been extinct for millions of years, while others went extinct a few hundred years ago.

In this list, you can find 20 extinct animals and what contributed to their decline.

1. Tasmanian Tiger

The Tasmanian tiger, also known as the thylacine, was a type of marsupial that once lived in Australia, Tasmania, and Papua New Guinea.

The species went extinct on the mainland of Australia about 2,000 years ago , but populations still existed in Tasmania.

The Tasmanian tiger population began to decline drastically during the 19th century. As settlers came into their range, the clearing of land for agriculture and livestock took away much of their habitat.

On top of habitat loss, Tasmanian tigers also fell victim to excessive hunting. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, bounty programs were implemented, and thousands of individuals were killed. The introduction of non-native species also created more risks for this species.

The last Tasmanian tiger on Earth lived in captivity at Hobart’s Beaumaris Zoo in Tasmania. In September 1936, the last Tasmanian tiger died. It’s suspected that it died due to neglect.

Quaggas were a subspecies of the Burchell’s zebra. The two species have many similarities, except for the striping pattern. The quagga once lived throughout the southern portion of Africa in grassland habitats.

The population of quaggas largely went unmonitored, so their extinction wasn’t apparent until after they died out. The main reason the quagga went extinct was excessive hunting .

The last wild quagga is suspected to have been killed sometime in the 1870s or early 1880s. The last known individual lived in captivity at a zoo in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It died in August 1883.

The baiji, also called the Chinese river dolphin, once lived exclusively in the Yangtze River in China. It lived in the river for millions of years until the Yangtze River became a high-traffic area that created an uninhabitable environment for these river dolphins .

Echolocation is an important adaptation that dolphins use to navigate and locate food and predators. With an increase in noise pollution , life for the baiji became difficult.

Between 1950 and 1980, the baiji population dropped from thousands of individuals to just a few hundred. The last confirmed individual was documented in 2002. In the same year, the last captive baiji died.

In 2006, a 6-week expedition was launched to search for any remaining individuals. Unfortunately, search efforts were unsuccessful.

There have been alleged sightings of the species, with one of the last being in 2016. Despite these claims, there haven’t been any confirmed sightings since 2002. The baiji was officially declared extinct in 2007.

4. Woolly Mammoth

One of the best-known ice age animals, the woolly mammoth, has long been extinct. There are a few theories as to why woolly mammoths went extinct, but they’re still largely debated. Some scientists attribute their extinction to climate change and overhunting .

Woolly mammoths once roamed Europe and North America until about 4,000 years ago . Their populations became more isolated around 10,000 years ago. At that time, most occurred in Siberia and Alaska.

The woolly mammoth is just one species of mammoth that once existed on Earth. Some others included the steppe mammoth, the Columbian mammoth, and the pygmy mammoth.

As their name suggests, woolly mammoths were furry. Their fur helped them stay warm in their Arctic habitats. Woolly mammoths were massive, 200-pound herbivores with long tusks.

Tens of thousands of woolly mammoth remains have been found where they occurred. However, the idea that these creatures existed was first discovered through cave art.

Another Ice Age animal is the dodo bird. Dodos are often depicted as clumsy birds. The dodo got this reputation from the writings of sailors that visited the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, where they were discovered.

The first records of dodo birds date back to the 16th century. What we know about the appearance of dodo birds today also comes from the writings of sailors who observed these birds while on the island.

Dodo birds went extinct for several reasons. Sailors ate the dodo birds, and the introduction of various animals, such as dogs and pigs, also led to their decline.

One of the last confirmed sightings of the dodo was around 1660 . However, it wasn’t until the late 18th century that they were considered extinct.

6. Passenger Pigeon

At one point in time, passenger pigeons were one of the most abundant birds in North America. It’s estimated that between 3 and 5 billion individuals existed around the time of European colonization of North America.

Passenger pigeons were often referenced in the writings of early settlers and explorers, including French explorer Samuel de Champlain. Their range extended from southeastern Canada south to the Gulf Coast states of the US.

By the late 1800s, passenger pigeons were almost completely extinct. Their decline is mainly due to habitat loss from deforestation and hunting.

The last individual known to exist was a female named Martha who lived in the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in Ohio. Martha lived to be 29 years old and died in September 1914.

Previous efforts were made to repopulate the species by breeding them in captivity. However, these efforts were unsuccessful.

7. West African Black Rhino

The West African black rhino was a subspecies of black rhino that went extinct in 2011. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classified the subspecies as critically endangered between 2000 and 2008.

The main threat that drove this subspecies to extinction was poaching for rhino horn . Other subspecies of black rhinos include the East African black rhino, the south-western black rhino, and the south-central black rhino.

The black rhino species as a whole is classified as critically endangered. It’s estimated that there are a little over 3,000 individuals left . They’ve gone extinct throughout much of their range in central and eastern Africa. Most now occur in the southern half of Africa.

8. Saber-toothed Cats

Saber-toothed cats, also called saber-toothed tigers , lived throughout the ice age until about 8,000–10,000 years ago . Saber-toothed cats belonged to the genus Smilodon .

Three species of saber-toothed cats occurred during the ice age, which included:

• Smilodon populator
• Smilodon fatalis
• Smilodon gracilis

Saber-toothed cats were known for their large teeth that protruded out of their mouths. They roamed the Americas until the end of the Ice Age.

The reason for their extinction is still debated. However, the time of their extinction suggests that climate change could have played a role. Similarly to woolly mammoths, saber-toothed cats may have also declined due to excessive hunting.

9. Caspian Tiger

The Caspian tiger was declared extinct in 2003 due to excessive hunting and habitat loss. They once populated much of Central Asia and parts of East Asia around rivers and lakes. Their name comes from their range around the Caspian Sea.

Between the 19th and 20th centuries, the range and population of Caspian tigers were significantly reduced. Bounty programs were implemented by the Soviet Union in the early 1900s.

The Caspian tiger received legal protection against hunting in 1947. However, they still faced threats from habitat loss and degradation. The legal restrictions came too late, as many Caspian tigers were already gone by the 1950s.

The Siberian tiger is genetically similar to the Caspian tiger. Conservationists and the Kazakhstan government began a project in 2017 to try and bring the species back and reintroduce them to a part of their historic range.

10. Woolly Rhinoceros

The woolly rhinoceros is an ice-age rhino closely related to the Sumatran rhino. Woolly rhinos lived during the Pleistocene Epoch. They went extinct shortly after the end of the ice age, about 8,000 years ago.

Woolly rhinos occured throughout Europe and Asia. These large, furry rhinos could weigh up to 6,000 pounds and reached up to 12.5 feet in height. Their fur kept them warm during the harsh winters of the Ice Age.

Much like camels, the woolly rhino had a hump on its back that stored fat. When food was minimal in the winter, woolly rhinos would use their fat reserves to survive.

11. Golden Toad

Golden toads once lived in a high-elevation habitat called the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve in northern Costa Rica. Males were bright orange. Females were black with red blotches and a bright yellow border.

The IUCN officially declared golden toads extinct in 2004. They were mainly threatened by climate change, airborne pollution, and a fungal disease that infects amphibians called chytridiomycosis.

The reproduction process of golden toads was too vulnerable for the species to combat its threats. There was only a short window of time during the rainy season in which these toads could breed.

If the rains were too heavy, many of the eggs laid would fall to the forest floor. If the rains were too light, the eggs could dry out.

The breeding season of golden toads in 1987 was highly unsuccessful. Scientists and researchers monitored them and estimated the potential population to be around 30,000. However, only 29 individuals were known to have been produced.

By 1989, scientists were only able to find a single male toad. When they checked back a year later, they couldn’t find any.

12. Steller’s Sea Cow

Steller’s sea cows were sirenians, which is an order that includes various sea cow species. Other marine mammals that belong to this order include manatees and dugongs.

Steller’s Sea Cow once inhabited the shallow sub-Arctic waters surrounding the Commander and Aleutian islands. The species was discovered in 1741 and named after the German zoologist who found it, Georg Wilhelm Steller.

A little over 20 years after its discovery, the Steller’s sea cow went extinct in 1768 . Its extinction is linked to the international fur trade. As fur traders traveled across the Steller’s Sea Cow range to hunt for sea otters, they would hunt Steller’s Sea Cows for their meat.

Steller’s sea cows were much larger than the sea cows that currently exist. They could reach up to 33 feet (10 meters) in length and weigh as much as 24,251 pounds (11,000 kg).

13. Labrador Duck

The Labrador duck once lived along the East Coast of North America, from Canada south to the Chesapeake Bay region of Virginia. The extinction of the Labrador duck is somewhat of a mystery.

It’s largely unknown what happened to these birds, as they were a target for hunting. Their meat wasn’t tasteful, and the plumage wasn’t very desirable. One theory for its extinction is the possible loss of its main food source , a specific species of mollusk.

Populations may have also declined due to habitat fragmentation and loss. Labrador ducks had white necks with a black band around the base of the neck. They had white wings with a black or brown underside.

According to the IUCN , the last confirmed sighting of this duck was on Long Island, New York, in 1875. It was already considered a rare bird prior to its extinction.

14. Megalodon

The megalodon was one of the largest shark species to ever roam the Earth’s oceans. Its size resembles the largest shark species that currently exists, the whale shark.

What we know about the size of the megalodon is based on fossil records of its teeth. It’s estimated that megalodons reached about 50–60 ft (15–18 m) in length.

Using fossil evidence, scientists have tried to estimate the bite force of megalodons. It’s believed that the megalodon may have had a bite force of about 108,514–182,201 Newtons (N). For comparison, the great white shark has a bite force of around 18,216 N.

The oldest fossil record of the megalodon is about 20 million years old. It’s believed that the species went extinct about 3.6 million years ago . Megalodons were believed to be widespread in subtropical and warm tropical waters.

Its extinction may have been caused by natural changes on Earth near the end of the Pliocene Epoch. By the end of this period, the Earth had entered a global cooling phase.

The decrease in ocean temperature may have pushed some of their prey out of their historic range and reduced the range of megalodons.

15. Pinta Giant Tortoise

The Pinta Island giant tortoise went extinct in 2012 after the last of its kind, Lonesome George, was found dead. Pinta Island giant tortoises were one of several subspecies of giant tortoises .

Pinta Island giant tortoises faced major threats of overexploitation in the 19th century. By the 20th century, their population had been significantly reduced to the point that they were thought to be extinct.

Pinta Island giant tortoises lived in the northern region of the Galápagos Archipelago.

A group of fishermen released three goats into their range around 1960, which would ultimately lead to their demise. The goat population got out of control over the next decade. The goats destroyed the vegetation that Pinta Island giant tortoises relied on for food and habitat.

It was thought that by the time the goats were released, the tortoises would have died out. However, Hungarian scientist József Vágvölgyi stumbled upon an individual in 1971. This individual would be named Lonesome George.

Galápagos National Park rangers took Lonesome George to the Tortoise Breeding and Rearing Center on the island of Santa Cruz, Ecuador.

Lonesome George was kept in captivity for protection and in the hopes that a female would be found. However, none ever turned up.

In 2012, Lonesome George was found dead, and it was deemed that he died of natural causes. As the last known individual left, the Pinta Island giant tortoise was officially declared extinct with the death of Lonesome George.

16. Bramble Cay Melomys

The Bramble Cay melomys was a small rodent native to Australia. It was also called the Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat due to the scale pattern on its tail. The rodent once lived on Bramble Cay, located off the coast of northeastern Australia and east of Papua New Guinea.

The extinction of the Bramble Cay melomys is fairly recent news. It was declared extinct in 2019 by the Australian government. The last confirmed sighting of this species was in 2009. Surveys from previous years counted just 10–12 individuals between 2002 and 2004.

The Bramble Cay melomys are thought to have gone extinct due to the destruction of vegetation on the cay.

A significant amount of vegetation on Bramble Cay was destroyed in the years leading up to the species extinction due to storm surges and seawater inundation caused by severe weather events.

17. Japanese Sea Lion

The Japanese sea lion was a type of eared sea lion that lived in waters surrounding Japan and South Korea. Its historic range extended from the southern end of Japan as far north as the seas surrounding Sakhalin Island, Russia.

Japanese sea lions were previously thought to be a subspecies of the California sea lion. However, further studies revealed it was a distinct species.

In the 1800s, the Japanese sea lion population was estimated to be up to 50,000 individuals.

Due to excessive hunting by fishermen and overexploitation, its population declined to just a few hundred individuals by the early 1900s. Submarine warfare during World War II also took a major toll on the species.

The last confirmed sighting of a Japanese sea lion was in 1951 . However, unconfirmed sightings continued into the 1970s. The Japanese sea lion was officially declared extinct in 1974.

18. Mexican Grizzly Bear

The Mexican grizzly bear was a subspecies of brown bear that once roamed savannah and mountain forest habitats in Mexico, New Mexico, and Arizona in the US.

Mexican grizzly bears had a light brownish-yellow to gray fur coat. They were smaller than other species of brown bear that roam Canada and the northern US.

Mexican grizzly bear populations significantly declined in the early 1900s due to the expansion of cattle farms throughout their range. Their range was reduced to a few mountainous regions in Mexico.

By the 1960s, it was believed that fewer than 30 individuals remained. Some unconfirmed sightings were reported in the decade that followed. They were officially declared extinct in 1982 , but it’s believed they went extinct sometime in the 1960s.

19. Delcourt’s Giant Gecko

Delcourt’s giant gecko was one of the largest gecko species to ever exist on Earth. It’s only known from one specimen that was held in the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Marseille in France.

The specimen was stored away for at least 100 years and rediscovered in the 1980s. Due to incomplete records, it’s unknown when the specimen arrived at the museum.

With only one individual on record, scientists are unsure where Delcourt’s giant gecko lived. However, it was proven to be closely related to the New Caledonian giant gecko. This species is currently the largest type of gecko in the world.

Delcourt’s giant gecko was much larger. The specimen measures about 2 feet (61 cm) in length from snout to tail.

20. Splendid Poison Frog

The splendid poison frog is fairly new to the list of extinct animals. It was officially declared extinct by the IUCN in 2018. It was previously classified as endangered in 2004 and 2010. However, the last confirmed sighting was in 1992.

Splendid poison frogs were once common throughout their range in the western Cordillera Central mountain range of Panama. It was a popular species in the international pet trade in the 19th century. While individuals may still exist in captivity as pets, this hasn’t been confirmed.

Splendid poison tree frogs may have been wiped out by a fatal fungus called chytrid fungus that affects amphibians. The fungal infection was identified in the frog’s range in 1996.

21. Great Auk

The Great Auk was a large, flightless bird that resembled modern-day penguins. With a height of approximately 30-33 in (75-85 cm), these birds were quite sizable. 

Despite physical similarities to penguins, the Great Auk isn’t closely related to them, representing parallel evolution.

Their black and white plumage, similar to penguins, allowed them to be excellent swimmers. They had short wings adapted for swimming underwater while hunting for fish and crustaceans. 

While on land, they wobbled clumsily and often fell prey to humans and large predators.

Their feathers, which were enlisted for pillow stuffing, their meat, and eggs, became highly sought after, leading to overexploitation and hunting . 

The last known pair of Great Auks was killed in 1844 on the island of Eldey, off the coast of Iceland. This marked the extinction of this majestic bird.

22. Caribbean Monk Seal

The Caribbean Monk Seal, native to the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and the west Atlantic Ocean, was the only seal native to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. 

They were large marine mammals, measuring up to 2.6-3.1 yards (2.4-2.8 meters) long and weighing between 375-595 lbs (170-270 kg).

They were characterized by their brownish or grayish coats, and the males were slightly larger than the females. The seals fed on a diet of fish and invertebrates and would haul out at sandy beaches and rocky areas to rest and bask in the sun.

Widely hunted for their oil by European explorers , the Caribbean Monk Seal population declined rapidly.

The last confirmed sighting was made in 1952 near Seranilla Bank between Jamaica and the Yucatan Peninsula. They were officially declared extinct in 2008, marking another marine casualty of human overexploitation.

The Auroch was a giant wild cattle species that inhabited the forests of Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is recognized as the ancestor of domesticated cattle breeds seen today. 

The species survived in Europe till 1627, when the last recorded auroch, a female, died in the Jaktorów Forest, Poland, marking the end of this species.

Aurochs were incredibly large, standing about 5.6 ft (1.7 m) tall at the shoulder, with some robust individuals even reaching 5.9 ft (1.8 m). They were characterized by their formidable size, robust horns, and dark coats.

Despite the docile nature of their modern cattle descendants, aurochs were noted for their aggression and strength, which combined with their formidable size, made them a respected adversary for prehistoric hunters. 

Their extinction is tied to overhunting , habitat alterations due to agriculture, and diseases transmitted by domestic cattle .

24. Falkland Islands Wolf

The Falkland Islands Wolf, also known as the Warrah, was the only native terrestrial mammal of the Falkland Islands. 

This enigmatic creature, which was the sole member of the genus Dusicyon, was a largely fearless species, showing no instinctive fear of humans, making it easy prey when settlers arrived on the islands.

They were medium-sized canids, with a body length of approximately 3.3 ft (1 m) and a bushy tail. Their fur was short and rough, with a tawny color on the upper body and reddish-brown underneath.

Their diet mainly consisted of ground-nesting birds and seal pups, making them the top predator in their limited ecosystem. 

The arrival of settlers and the introduction of sheep farming posed a significant threat to the Falkland Islands Wolf, leading to a drastic population decline. The species was hunted to extinction by 1876, due to perceived threats to livestock and fur trading.

25. Javan Tiger

The Javan tiger was a tiger population that lived in the Indonesian island of Java and became extinct in the mid-1970s.

They were one of the three tiger populations in the Sunda Islands. The others being the extinct Bali tiger and the critically endangered Sumatran tiger. It was one of the smallest tiger subspecies alongside the Bali tiger.

Humans were the primary reason for the extinction of the Javan tiger. The expansion of coffee and rubber plantations reduced the tiger’s natural habitat. Furthermore, the government’s introduction of the lethal disease, canine distemper , led to a significant decrease in their population.

The last confirmed sighting was in 1976, and despite some unconfirmed sightings in the 1990s, the species was declared extinct in 2003.

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Main Causes of Extinction

There are several factors involved in the process of animals and plants becoming threatened or extinct. In the past, based on fossil records, mass extinction events have been caused by natural phenomena.

Extinction is a part of evolution. As the world gradually changes over millions of years, animals and plants evolve, and their evolutionary processes can end.

Scientists have conducted extensive studies to try and estimate and compare the current extinction rate of plants and animals with historical extinction rates.

According to a study released by Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich and co-authors, the extinction rate today is much higher than historical extinction rates.

The main causes of extinction that are affecting plants and animals today include:

• Habitat loss and fragmentation
• Over-exploitation of wildlife
• Introduction of non-native invasive species
• Spread of diseases

Most of these causes are driven by human activities. Habitat loss and fragmentation are recognized as the primary threats to endangered species .

It’s also important to note that when one species becomes extinct, it can significantly alter the ecosystem in which it lives. As a result, this can take a major toll on other species living in the same ecosystem.

It’s like a domino effect that can be hard to manage once an ecosystem experiences such significant change or loss.

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Mass Extinction Events

The Earth has experienced five mass extinction events throughout its history. All of these mass extinction events have been attributed to gradual natural changes to the Earth or catastrophic events, such as:

• Global warming and cooling phases
• Rising and falling of sea levels
• Reduction of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
• Catastrophic volcanic eruptions
• Asteroid hitting Earth

The last mass extinction event to occur was the Cretaceous mass extinction about 65.5 million years ago. This is when the last of the non-avian dinosaurs were wiped out. 

It’s widely accepted that the event was caused by an asteroid hitting the Earth and its aftermath.

Some scientists claim we’re entering a “sixth mass extinction event” that’s driven by human activities.

While previous mass extinction events typically affected certain groups of animals, such as marine species or terrestrial vertebrates, the sixth mass extinction event is less selective. 

According to the IUCN , more than 42,100 species are threatened with extinction .

Extinct Animals FAQs

Why is animal extinction a problem?

When animals become extinct, it can cause a domino effect that impacts plants and animals that depend on the species or live in the same ecosystem.

Every animal serves a function in its ecosystem. For example, some species help with seed dispersal, which promotes plant biodiversity. Other species may play an important role in population control because of the prey they consume.

When an animal becomes extinct, it can alter the functions and quality of life of other species in an ecosystem.

What are the natural causes of extinction?

Although we’re seeing how human activities can drive plants and animals to extinction, extinction also occurs naturally. Over long periods of time, the Earth naturally goes through gradual changes.

Some natural causes of extinction include gradual changes in temperature, natural disasters like volcanic eruptions, and the rising and falling of sea levels. 

When these changes occur naturally, they do so over hundreds of thousands to millions of years.

What was the biggest animal extinction?

The largest animal extinction to ever occur was the Permian-Triassic extinction event. This mass extinction took place about 252 million years ago. Based on fossil records, it’s estimated that about 96% of all marine species went extinct as a result.

A study conducted by the University of Washington and Stanford University suggests that this “Great Dying” event was caused by global warming. 

The Earth’s ocean temperature warmed, which led to a reduction in oxygen. This made the ocean uninhabitable for most marine species.

Does global warming contribute to extinction?

Yes, global warming can contribute to extinction. It’s happened previously in mass extinction events, such as the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. 

Global warming also played a role in the Devonian and Triassic mass extinction events.

These mass extinction events occurred more than 100 million years apart, so they were gradual. 

Today, the Earth is warming at an extremely fast rate. Greenhouse gases released into the Earth’s atmosphere by humans are one of the main causes of global warming today.

At such a rapid rate, the warming of our planet can also contribute to many other changes we’re seeing, such as the rising of global sea levels.

About Amy Hayes

Amy Hayes is an outdoor enthusiast and writer specializing in conservation, research, and history. She has been fascinated by the wonders of nature since she was a child and has always loved exploring the great outdoors. Her written works display her passion for research and thirst for knowledge.

B.A. in History and English from Old Dominion University. Passionate about hiking, kayaking, and sightseeing in the Blue Ridge and Appalachian mountains.

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Extinct Animals

Introduction.

Causes of Extinction

The most common cause of extinction is a sudden, serious change in a species’ habitat. A habitat is the surroundings in which an animal lives. Animals can rarely survive such sudden change. Their food supply may be wiped out. They may also lose shelter or other things that they need to survive.

Many things can change a species’ habitat. Floods, fires, droughts, volcanoes, and other natural events may be causes. People also change the environment in ways that drastically affect animals. People clear forests and drain wetlands. They build dams that disrupt the flow of rivers. They build cities on land that animals need to survive. They also create harmful pollution.

Some changes that cause extinction affect only a small area. Others are large enough to affect the entire world. A fire or other local event may cause the extinction of animals that live only in that region. A sudden change in the global climate might wipe out an animal species that lives in many parts of the world.

People can cause extinctions more directly as well. Some species have been hunted to extinction. The passenger pigeon is one example of this. Humans killed millions of the birds over many years. The last one died in the early 1900s.

Mass Extinctions

Sometimes many different species become extinct in a short time. This is called a mass extinction. Several major mass extinctions have occurred in the past. Each time many animal species were wiped out. Some survived, however, and over millions of years new species developed.

The worst mass extinction happened about 248 million years ago. This extinction included mainly animals without backbones that lived in water. Another mass extinction occurred about 65 million years ago. It wiped out many of the planet’s land animals, including the dinosaurs.

Dinosaur Extinction

Dinosaurs first appeared on Earth about 215 million years ago. They were the most important land animals for more than 150 million years. By 65 million years ago, however, the dinosaurs had died out.

Many scientists believe that a large asteroid, or rock from space, caused this mass extinction. When the asteroid hit Earth, the impact caused drastic changes. Thick dust and other materials blocked the sun. Temperatures dropped, and plants could not grow. The dinosaurs could not survive the cold temperatures and lack of food. But early species of birds and mammals did survive.

Large Mammal Extinction

About 10,000 years ago another mysterious animal extinction occurred. This extinction was especially dramatic in North America, where many large mammals disappeared. Among them were woolly mammoths and saber-toothed cats.

Scientists do not know what caused this extinction. Some believe that growing numbers of human beings hunted and killed too many of the animals or their prey. Another theory is that the climate changed and affected the availability of food.

Endangered Species Today

In the past 200 years the world has lost many animal species. Hundreds of others are on the verge of extinction. Animals at risk of dying out are called endangered species .

Governments today are working to protect the world’s endangered species. Laws protect some animals’ habitats from being polluted or destroyed. Other laws make it illegal to hunt endangered animals. Some species respond well to these protective measures and increase in number. Others are not as successful.

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Essay on Extinct Animals

Students are often asked to write an essay on Extinct Animals in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Extinct Animals

What are extinct animals.

Extinct animals are species that don’t exist anymore. They vanished forever due to various reasons like habitat loss, hunting, or climate change.

Examples of Extinct Animals

Why animals become extinct.

Animals become extinct mainly due to human activities. Deforestation, pollution, and overhunting are major causes.

Importance of Preventing Extinction

Preventing extinction is crucial for biodiversity. Each species plays a role in the ecosystem, and their loss can disrupt the balance.

250 Words Essay on Extinct Animals

Introduction, the causes of extinction.

The primary causes of animal extinction include habitat loss, climate change, overexploitation, and invasive species. The relentless expansion of human civilization often leads to habitat destruction, leaving animals without homes or food sources. Climate change disrupts the delicate balance of ecosystems, making survival difficult for many species. Overhunting and overfishing have also led to the extinction of numerous species. Lastly, invasive species, introduced either intentionally or accidentally, can outcompete native species for resources, leading to their extinction.

Impact on Biodiversity

The extinction of animals greatly affects biodiversity. Each species plays a unique role within its ecosystem, and its loss can disrupt the balance, leading to cascading effects on other species. For instance, the extinction of a predator can lead to overpopulation of its prey, which may then overconsume vegetation and disrupt the ecosystem.

Conservation Efforts

Conservation efforts are crucial to prevent further extinctions. These include habitat protection, regulation of hunting and fishing, and breeding programs for endangered species. Additionally, raising public awareness about the importance of biodiversity and the consequences of extinction can drive societal changes necessary for conservation.

In conclusion, the extinction of animals is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. Through understanding its causes and impacts, and implementing effective conservation strategies, we can hope to preserve the remaining biodiversity for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Extinct Animals

The natural world is a vast, interconnected web of life, with each species playing a unique role in the balance of the ecosystem. However, in recent centuries, human activities have greatly accelerated the rate of animal extinction, leading to a loss of biodiversity. This essay will delve into the topic of extinct animals, exploring the causes and consequences of extinction, and the importance of conservation efforts.

The Consequences of Extinction

The extinction of animals has far-reaching implications. Firstly, it disrupts the balance of ecosystems. Each species plays a unique role in its ecosystem, and the loss of a single species can trigger a cascade of changes that affect other species. Secondly, extinction can lead to the loss of genetic diversity, which is crucial for the resilience of ecosystems in the face of environmental changes. Thirdly, the extinction of animals can have economic implications, affecting industries such as tourism and agriculture that rely on biodiversity.

Extinct Animals: A Case Study

The dodo bird, native to Mauritius, serves as a poignant example of human-induced extinction. Unaccustomed to predators, these birds were easy prey for humans and invasive species introduced by sailors in the 17th century. Their extinction within less than a century of their discovery highlights the devastating impact of human activities on biodiversity.

The Importance of Conservation

Given the dire consequences of extinction, conservation efforts are crucial. These include the establishment of protected areas, regulations on hunting and wildlife trade, and efforts to mitigate climate change. Furthermore, conservation science, which uses tools such as population modelling and genetic analysis, can help identify at-risk species and develop strategies to protect them.

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Endangered Species

An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation.

Biology, Ecology, Geography, Conservation

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An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction . Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation . Loss of Habitat A loss of habitat can happen naturally. Nonavian dinosaurs , for instance, lost their habitat about 65 million years ago. The hot, dry climate of the Cretaceous period changed very quickly, most likely because of an asteroid striking Earth. The impact of the asteroid forced debris into the atmosphere , reducing the amount of heat and light that reached Earth’s surface. The dinosaurs were unable to adapt to this new, cooler habitat. Nonavian dinosaurs became endangered, then extinct . Human activity can also contribute to a loss of habitat. Development for housing, industry , and agriculture reduces the habitat of native organisms. This can happen in a number of different ways. Development can eliminate habitat and native species directly. In the Amazon rainforest of South America, developers have cleared hundreds of thousands of acres. To “clear” a piece of land is to remove all trees and vegetation from it. The Amazon rainforest is cleared for cattle ranches , logging , and ur ban use. Development can also endanger species indirectly. Some species, such as fig trees of the rainforest, may provide habitat for other species. As trees are destroyed, species that depend on that tree habitat may also become endangered. Tree crowns provide habitat in the canopy , or top layer, of a rainforest . Plants such as vines, fungi such as mushrooms, and insects such as butterflies live in the rainforest canopy. So do hundreds of species of tropical birds and mammals such as monkeys. As trees are cut down, this habitat is lost. Species have less room to live and reproduce . Loss of habitat may happen as development takes place in a species range . Many animals have a range of hundreds of square kilometers. The mountain lion ( Puma concolor ) of North America, for instance, has a range of up to 1,000 square kilometers (386 square miles). To successfully live and reproduce, a single mountain lion patrols this much territory. Urban areas , such as Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, grew rapidly during the 20th century. As these areas expanded into the wilderness, the mountain lion’s habitat became smaller. That means the habitat can support fewer mountain lions. Because enormous parts of the Sierra Nevada, Rocky, and Cascade mountain ranges remain undeveloped, however, mountain lions are not endangered. Loss of habitat can also lead to increased encounters between wild species and people. As development brings people deeper into a species range, they may have more exposure to wild species. Poisonous plants and fungi may grow closer to homes and schools. Wild animals are also spotted more frequently . These animals are simply patrolling their range, but interaction with people can be deadly. Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ), mountain lions, and alligators are all predators brought into close contact with people as they lose their habitat to homes, farms , and businesses. As people kill these wild animals, through pesticides , accidents such as collisions with cars, or hunting, native species may become endangered.

Loss of Genetic Variation Genetic variation is the diversity found within a species. It’s why human beings may have blond, red, brown, or black hair. Genetic variation allows species to adapt to changes in the environment. Usually, the greater the population of a species, the greater its genetic variation. Inbreeding is reproduction with close family members. Groups of species that have a tendency to inbreed usually have little genetic variation, because no new genetic information is introduced to the group. Disease is much more common, and much more deadly, among inbred groups. Inbred species do not have the genetic variation to develop resistance to the disease. For this reason, fewer offspring of inbred groups survive to maturity. Loss of genetic variation can occur naturally. Cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus ) are a threatened species native to Africa and Asia. These big cats have very little genetic variation. Biologists say that during the last Ice Age , cheetahs went through a long period of inbreeding. As a result, there are very few genetic differences between cheetahs. They cannot adapt to changes in the environment as quickly as other animals, and fewer cheetahs survive to maturity. Cheetahs are also much more difficult to breed in captivity than other big cats, such as lions ( Panthera leo ). Human activity can also lead to a loss of genetic variation. Overhunting and overfishing have reduced the populations of many animals. Reduced population means there are fewer breeding pairs . A breeding pair is made up of two mature members of the species that are not closely related and can produce healthy offspring. With fewer breeding pairs, genetic variation shrinks. Monoculture , the agricultural method of growing a single crop , can also reduce genetic variation. Modern agribusiness relies on monocultures. Almost all potatoes cultivated , sold, and consumed, for instance, are from a single species, the Russet Burbank ( Solanum tuberosum ). Potatoes, native to the Andes Mountains of South America, have dozens of natural varieties. The genetic variation of wild potatoes allows them to adapt to climate change and disease. For Russet Burbanks, however, farmers must use fertilizers and pesticides to ensure healthy crops because the plant has almost no genetic variation. Plant breeders often go back to wild varieties to collect genes that will help cultivated plants resist pests and drought, and adapt to climate change. However, climate change is also threatening wild varieties. That means domesticated plants may lose an important source of traits that help them overcome new threats. The Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) keeps a “Red List of Threatened Species.” The Red List de fines the severity and specific causes of a species’ threat of extinction. The Red List has seven levels of conservation: least concern , near threatened , vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered , extinct in the wild , and extinct. Each category represents a different threat level. Species that are not threatened by extinction are placed within the first two categories—least concern and near-threatened. Those that are most threatened are placed within the next three categories, known as the threatened categories —vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered. Those species that are extinct in some form are placed within the last two categories—extinct in the wild and extinct. Classifying a species as endangered has to do with its range and habitat, as well as its actual population. For this reason, a species can be of least concern in one area and endangered in another. The gray whale ( Eschrichtius robustus ), for instance, has a healthy population in the eastern Pacific Ocean, along the coast of North and South America. The population in the western Pacific, however, is critically endangered.

Least Concern Least concern is the lowest level of conservation . A species of least concern is one that has a widespread and abundant population. Human beings are a species of least concern, along with most domestic animals , such as dogs ( Canis familiaris ) and cats ( Felis catus ). Many wild animals, such as pigeons and houseflies ( Musca domestica ), are also classified as least concern. Near Threatened A near threatened species is one that is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. Many species of violets , native to tropical jungles in South America and Africa, are near threatened, for instance. They have healthy populations, but their rainforest habitat is disappearing at a fast pace. People are cutting down huge areas of rainforest for development and timber . Many violet species are likely to become threatened. Vulnerable Species The definitions of the three threatened categories (vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered) are based on five criteria: population reduction rate , geographic range, population size, population restrictions , and probability of extinction . Threatened categories have different thresholds for these criteria. As the population and range of the species decreases, the species becomes more threatened. 1) Population reduction rate A species is classified as vulnerable if its population has declined between 30 and 50 percent. This decline is measured over 10 years or three generations of the species, whichever is longer. A generation is the period of time between the birth of an animal and the time it is able to reproduce. Mice are able to reproduce when they are about one month old. Mouse populations are mostly tracked over 10-year periods. An elephant's generation lasts about 15 years. So, elephant populations are measured over 45-year periods. A species is vulnerable if its population has declined at least 50 percent and the cause of the decline is known. Habitat loss is the leading known cause of population decline. A species is also classified as vulnerable if its population has declined at least 30 percent and the cause of the decline is not known. A new, unknown virus , for example, could kill hundreds or even thousands of individuals before being identified. 2) Geographic range A species is vulnerable if its “ extent of occurrence ” is estimated to be less than 20,000 square kilometers (7,722 square miles). An extent of occurrence is the smallest area that could contain all sites of a species’ population. If all members of a species could survive in a single area, the size of that area is the species’ extent of occurrence. A species is also classified as vulnerable if its “ area of occupancy ” is estimated to be less than 2,000 square kilometers (772 square miles). An area of occupancy is where a specific population of that species resides. This area is often a breeding or nesting site in a species range. 3) Population size Species with fewer than 10,000 mature individuals are vulnerable. The species is also vulnerable if that population declines by at least 10 percent within 10 years or three generations, whichever is longer. 4) Population restrictions Population restriction is a combination of population and area of occupancy. A species is vulnerable if it is restricted to less than 1,000 mature individuals or an area of occupancy of less than 20 square kilometers (8 square miles). 5) Probability of extinction in the wild is at least 10 percent within 100 years. Biologists, anthropologists, meteorologists , and other scientists have developed complex ways to determine a species’ probability of extinction. These formulas calculate the chances a species can survive, without human protection, in the wild. Vulnerable Species: Ethiopian Banana Frog The Ethiopian banana frog ( Afrixalus enseticola ) is a small frog native to high- altitude areas of southern Ethiopia. It is a vulnerable species because its area of occupancy is less than 2,000 square kilometers (772 square miles). The extent and quality of its forest habitat are in decline. Threats to this habitat include forest clearance, mostly for housing and agriculture. Vulnerable Species: Snaggletooth Shark The snaggletooth shark ( Hemipristis elongatus ) is found in the tropical, coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Its area of occupancy is enormous, from Southeast Africa to the Philippines, and from China to Australia. However, the snaggletooth shark is a vulnerable species because of a severe population reduction rate. Its population has fallen more than 10 percent over 10 years. The number of these sharks is declining due to fisheries, especially in the Java Sea and Gulf of Thailand. The snaggletooth shark’s flesh, fins, and liver are considered high-quality foods. They are sold in commercial fish markets, as well as restaurants. Vulnerable Species: Galapagos Kelp Galapagos kelp ( Eisenia galapagensis ) is a type of seaweed only found near the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Galapagos kelp is classified as vulnerable because its population has declined more than 10 percent over 10 years. Climate change is the leading cause of decline among Galapagos kelp. El Niño, the natural weather pattern that brings unusually warm water to the Galapagos, is the leading agent of climate change in this area. Galapagos kelp is a cold-water species and does not adapt quickly to changes in water temperature.

Endangered Species 1) Population reduction rate A species is classified as endangered when its population has declined between 50 and 70 percent. This decline is measured over 10 years or three generations of the species, whichever is longer. A species is classified as endangered when its population has declined at least 70 percent and the cause of the decline is known. A species is also classified as endangered when its population has declined at least 50 percent and the cause of the decline is not known. 2) Geographic range An endangered species’ extent of occurrence is less than 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). An endangered species’ area of occupancy is less than 500 square kilometers (193 square miles). 3) Population size A species is classified as endangered when there are fewer than 2,500 mature individuals. When a species population declines by at least 20 percent within five years or two generations, it is also classified as endangered. 4) Population restrictions A species is classified as endangered when its population is restricted to less than 250 mature individuals. When a species’ population is this low, its area of occupancy is not considered. 5) Probability of extinction in the wild is at least 20 percent within 20 years or five generations, whichever is longer.

Endangered Species: Scimitar -horned Oryx The scimitar-horned oryx ( Oryx dammah ) is a species of antelope with long horns. Its range extends across northern Africa. Previously, the scimitar-horned oryx was listed as extinct in the wild because the last confirmed sighting of one was in 1988. However, the first group of scimitar-horned oryx was released back into the wild in Chad, in August 2016, and the population is growing. Overhunting and habitat loss, including competition with domestic livestock , are the main reasons for the decline of the oryx’s wild population. Captive herds are now kept in protected areas of Tunisia, Senegal, and Morocco. Scimitar-horned oryxes are also found in many zoos . Critically Endangered Species 1) Population reduction rate A critically endangered species’ population has declined between 80 and 90 percent. This decline is measured over 10 years or three generations of the species, whichever is longer. A species is classified as critically endangered when its population has declined at least 90 percent and the cause of the decline is known. A species is also classified as endangered when its population has declined at least 80 percent and the cause of the decline is not known. 2) Geographic range A critically endangered species’ extent of occurrence is less than 100 square kilometers (39 square miles). A critically endangered species’ area of occupancy is estimated to be less than 10 square kilometers (4 square miles). 3) Population size A species is classified as critically endangered when there are fewer than 250 mature individuals. A species is also classified as critically endangered when the number of mature individuals declines by at least 25 percent within three years or one generation, whichever is longer. 4) Population restrictions A species is classified as critically endangered when its population is restricted to less than 50 mature individuals. When a species’ population is this low, its area of occupancy is not considered. 5) Probability of extinction in the wild is at least 50 percent within 10 years or three generations, whichever is longer. Critically Endangered Species: Bolivian Chinchilla Rat The Bolivian chinchilla rat ( Abrocoma boliviensis ) is a rodent found in a small section of the Santa Cruz region of Bolivia. It is critically endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 100 square kilometers (39 square miles). The major threat to this species is loss of its cloud forest habitat. People are clearing forests to create cattle pastures .

Critically Endangered Species: Transcaucasian Racerunner The Transcaucasian racerunner ( Eremias pleskei ) is a lizard found on the Armenian Plateau , located in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkey. The Transcaucasian racerunner is a critically endangered species because of a huge population decline, estimated at more than 80 percent during the past 10 years. Threats to this species include the salination , or increased saltiness, of soil . Fertilizers used for agricultural development seep into the soil, increasing its saltiness. Racerunners live in and among the rocks and soil, and cannot adapt to the increased salt in their food and shelter. The racerunner is also losing habitat as people create trash dumps on their area of occupancy. Critically Endangered Species: White Ferula Mushroom The white ferula mushroom ( Pleurotus nebrodensis ) is a critically endangered species of fungus. The mushroom is critically endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than 100 square kilometers (39 square miles). It is only found in the northern part of the Italian island of Sicily, in the Mediterranean Sea. The leading threats to white ferula mushrooms are loss of habitat and overharvesting. White ferula mushrooms are a gourmet food item. Farmers and amateur mushroom hunters harvest the fungus for food and profit. The mushrooms can be sold for up to $100 per kilogram (2.2 pounds). Extinct in the Wild A species is extinct in the wild when it only survives in cultivation (plants), in captivity (animals), or as a population well outside its established range. A species may be listed as extinct in the wild only after years of surveys have failed to record an individual in its native or expected habitat.

Extinct in the Wild: Monut Kaala Cyanea The Mount Kaala cyanea ( Cyanea superba ) is a large, flowering tree native to the island of Oahu, in the U.S. state of Hawai‘i. The Mount Kaala cyanea has large, broad leaves and fleshy fruit. The tree is extinct in the wild largely because of invasive species. Non-native plants crowded the cyanea out of its habitat, and non-native animals such as pigs, rats, and slugs ate its fruit more quickly than it could reproduce. Mount Kaala cyanea trees survive in tropical nurseries and botanical gardens . Many botanists and conservationists look forward to establishing a new population in the wild. Extinct A species is extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last remaining individual of that species has died. Extinct: Cuban Macaw The Cuban macaw ( Ara tricolor ) was a tropical parrot native to Cuba and a small Cuban island, Isla de la Juventud. Hunting and collecting the birds for pets led to the bird’s extinction. The last specimen of the Cuban macaw was collected in 1864. Extinct: Ridley’s Stick Insect Ridley’s stick insect ( Pseudobactricia ridleyi ) was native to the tropical jungle of the island of Singapore. This insect, whose long, segmented body resembled a tree limb, is only known through a single specimen, collected more than 100 years ago. During the 20th century, Singapore experienced rapid development. Almost the entire jungle was cleared, depriving the insect of its habitat.

Endangered Species and People When a species is classified as endangered, governments and international organizations can work to protect it. Laws may limit hunting and destruction of the species’ habitat. Individuals and organizations that break these laws may face huge fines. Because of such actions, many species have recovered from their endangered status. The brown pelican ( Pelecanus occidentalis ) was taken off the endangered species list in 2009, for instance. This seabird is native to the coasts of North America and South America, as well as the islands of the Caribbean Sea. It is the state bird of the U.S. state of Louisiana. In 1970, the number of brown pelicans in the wild was estimated at 10,000. The bird was classified as vulnerable. During the 1970s and 1980s, governments and conservation groups worked to help the brown pelican recover. Young chicks were reared in hatching sites, then released into the wild. Human access to nesting sites was severely restricted. The pesticide DDT , which damaged the eggs of the brown pelican, was banned. During the 1980s, the number of brown pelicans soared. In 1988, the IUCN “delisted” the brown pelican. The bird, whose population is now in the hundreds of thousands, is now in the category of least concern.

Convention on Biological Diversity The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty to sustain and protect the diversity of life on Earth. This includes conservation, sustainability, and sharing the benefits of genetic research and resources. The Convention on Biological Diversity has adopted the IUCN Red List of endangered species in order to monitor and research species' population and habitats. Three nations have not ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity: Andorra, the Holy See (Vatican), and the United States.

Lonesome George Lonesome George was the only living member of the Pinta Island tortoise ( Chelonoidis abingdoni ) known to exist. The Pinta Island tortoise was only found on Pinta, one of the Galapagos Islands. The Charles Darwin Research Station, a scientific facility in the Galapagos, offered a $10,000 reward to any zoo or individual for locating a single Pinta Island tortoise female. On June 25, 2012, Lonesome George died, leaving one more extinct species in the world.

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Related Resources

Extinction STEM

Extinction STEM introduces students to the reasons certain species become extinct. Students will discover that the removal of one species can have dire consequences on other species in its ecosystem. They will also learn ways to protect plants and animals from extinction.

In the “Options for lesson” section of the classroom procedure page, you will find a suggestion to apply to this lesson. Begin your lesson by having someone from the local Department of Natural Resources speak to the students. You can also find a lots of good information on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services website that students can learn or read about.

Description

Additional information, what our extinction stem lesson plan includes.

Lesson Objectives and Overview: Extinction STEM explores the concept of extinction and why certain species die out. Students will discover that there are often major consequences to an environment or ecosystem when a species becomes extinct. They will also learn ways that they can help protect animals or other species from extinction. This lesson is for students in 2nd grade and 3rd grade.

Classroom Procedure

Every lesson plan provides you with a classroom procedure page that outlines a step-by-step guide to follow. You do not have to follow the guide exactly. The guide helps you organize the lesson and details when to hand out worksheets. It also lists information in the yellow box that you might find useful. You will find the lesson objectives, state standards, and number of class sessions the lesson should take to complete in this area. In addition, it describes the supplies you will need as well as what and how you need to prepare beforehand. This lesson simply requires writing utensils like pencils, pens, and highlighters.

Options for Lesson

The “Options for Lesson” section provides ideas for additional activities to add or incorporate into the lesson. This lesson provides one idea involving a way to start your lesson off. Younger students will not have a concrete idea of how many animals are endangered or extinct. One common misconception they have is that most of the extinct animals are from a long past era (e.g., the age of the dinosaurs) or are exotic animals that don’t live nearby. One way to avoid this misconception is to begin your lesson by having someone from the local Department of Natural Resources speak to the students. You can also find a lots of good information on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services website that students can learn or read about.

Teacher Notes

The paragraph on this page provides a little extra information on what you can expect from the lesson. It suggests showing the Learn Bright video on this topic sometime during the lesson. You could also teach this lesson at the same time as or before a lesson photosynthesis. Use the lines to write out your thoughts as you prepare.

EXTINCTION STEM LESSON PLAN CONTENT PAGES

Introduction to extinction.

The Extinction STEM lesson plan has three pages of content. Starting off, it tells students to observe and record the different plants, animals, and insects they see outside the window. (If your classroom has a window, it could be fun to have students take turns doing this. You could also take them outside for a few minutes and have them write down the things they see in the chart.)

There are many more organisms that we can’t see just by looking out a window. For example, some insects like worms live underground. Some animals only come out at night, like bats. If it is winter or fall, there are plants we can’t see because they only grow during the spring and summer. Finally, there are species of plants, insects, and animals we don’t see because they don’t live in our area, such as the polar bear. We might see them in the zoo, but it’s unlikely we would see one in the backyard!

Scientists classify plants, animals, and insects by their similar traits into species. For example, a dog is a species of animal, as is a cat. However, they are very different animals. For example, bulldogs, poodles, and beagles are all dog species. Tigers, lions, and house cats are cat species.

Even further, let’s think about a lion and a house cat. Do people usually have lions as pets living in their homes? Why not? Do house cats usually live wild in the jungle? Probably not. Where a species lives is important to understand. Some animals live in the wild while others are tame, living in people’s homes or in zoos.

Habitats and Ecosystems

A habitat is where animals, plants, or insects make their home. A habitat meets all the needs they have to live and survive. For example, fish live in water. They can’t survive on the land. Likewise, polar bears don’t live in the desert. It’s too hot, and they can’t survive in such heat. A person’s backyard, a park, a drop of water, or a vacant lot are all examples of habitats where plants, animals, or insects live.

Students will realize that habitats are very specific. Fish live in water, polar bears in cold climates, lions in jungles, or dogs with humans in homes. Habitats are inside larger ecosystems. Ecosystems are made up of all the living and non-living things in an area. All the plant, insect, and animal life are part of an ecosystem. But non-living stuff like rocks, soil, and water is as well. In an ecosystem, living things interact with each other. In addition, living things interact with non-living things like the soil, water, and air. Ecosystems can be huge, like oceans or rivers. They can be small, like the area in the backyard. And they can be as tiny as a single drop of water!

Human activities, pollution, and climate change damage habitats. Some animals make their homes in trees, for instance. If we chop those trees down to make room for roads, the animals living in the trees have to find new places to live. Sometimes the ecosystem becomes so damaged that the habitats can no longer support life. When this happens, the species become endangered. Endangered means the plant, animal, or insect is at risk of disappearing forever. When a species can no longer be found, we consider it extinct.

Extinct versus Endangered

We will use the Tyrannosaurus Rex as an example. The T-Rex is extinct. Perhaps that isn’t actually a bad thing. After all, these dinosaurs pretty much ate everything that moved. And we wouldn’t want one of these giant predators living in our backyard or house.

However, what about the Monarch butterfly? They are endangered and on the way to becoming extinct. Weed killers on plants that the Monarch butterflies live in and feed on have killed off much of the butterflies’ habitat. In addition, a butterfly cannot survive the wild swings in weather from hot to cold caused by climate change.

Butterflies are important to the ecosystem. They pollinate plants to help them grow. Without them, many plants will be endangered, too. Plants provide habitats for other animals or insects. If the plant habitat is harmed, those animals and insects likewise become endangered.

Students will discover that if one species becomes extinct, then it affects other species. In our time, most endangered species are the result of human activities. While we can’t do anything about the extinct species, we can change how humans interact in ecosystems. We can protect endangered species and make sure they don’t go extinct as well.

EXTINCTION STEM LESSON PLAN WORKSHEETS

The Extinction STEM lesson plan includes three worksheets: an activity worksheet, a practice worksheet, and a homework assignment. Each one of these handouts will help students demonstrate their knowledge and will reinforce what they learned throughout the lesson. Use the guidelines on the classroom procedure page to determine when to give students each worksheet.

ECOSYSTEM JAR ACTIVITY WORKSHEET

Students will use the supplies you provide to create an ecosystem in a glass jar. First, they will place a layer of sand or gravel, followed by a thin layer of activated charcoal. (The charcoal will help clean the ecosystem.) After adding a 3-inch layer of potting soil, students will plant either seeds or small plants, as well as earthworms if they can find them.

Next, they will add a small amount of water and seal the jar with the lid. They will then place the jar somewhere that allows for indirect sunlight. Students will observe the jar for the next few weeks. You could also have them bring in their jars after a certain period to see how their ecosystems are doing!

The bottom part of the activity worksheet has an extra task. Students will fill out a table that shows the total number of various species outside. They will look in their backyard or a park to find and count species of plants and animals.

EXTINCT SPECIES PRACTICE WORKSHEET

For the practice worksheet, students will work with a partner to research a number of plants and animals that no longer exist. These include the dodo bird, Labrador duck, Tasmanian wolf, Hawaii chaff flower, and the golden toad. The list provides the year in which the species died off. Students will explain why the species became extinct in the empty box next to each one.

EXTINCTION STEM HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT

The homework assignment requires students to review two columns of pictures that represent two different ecosystems and food chains. Students will write the name of the species and the habitat in which they would find it. The page provides the example of a shark, which would live in a saltwater habitat.

Next, students will respond to the prompts at the bottom of the page. First, they will explain what happens to the other animals in the ecosystem if one of the species becomes extinct. Then they will explain if any of the animals in the column on the right could live in a different habitat.

Worksheet Answer Keys

The lesson plan document provides answer keys for the practice and homework worksheets. All the correct answers are in red to make it easy to compare to students’ work. There may be some variation in students’ responses on some of the prompts, but they should at least closely match the answer keys. If you choose to administer the lesson pages to your students via PDF, you will need to save a new file that omits these pages. Otherwise, you can simply print out the applicable pages and keep these as reference for yourself when grading assignments.

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LEARNING TOOL

Preserving critical species: inquiry to action.

This activity guides students through a process that uses the College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework  inquiry arc. Students identify and research compelling and supporting questions, leading them to develop explanations and arguments and, ultimately, to take action on issues related to the preservation of species.

Biology, Oceanography, Ecology, Earth Science

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This resource is also available in Spanish .

Preparation

Materials You Provide:  

• Sticky notes (6 per student)
• Sticky notes per pair of students

Required Technology: 

• Internet Access
• 1 computer per learner
• 1 computer per pair
• Interactive whiteboard

Physical Space:

• Media Center/Library

Critical species around the globe—and in our own backyards—face challenges that threaten their continued existence. These challenges come from a variety of situations in their unique habitats, including poaching and habitat loss. Many times animals and humans come into conflict, with animal conservation often losing the battle.

Students need to understand the interconnected issues that impact animal conservation. Understanding how geography, history, cultures, science, and civics (citizen action) impact the enduring issues around animal survival will help us identify problems and develop sustainable solutions.

The National Geographic Mission: Animal Rescue initiative aims to inspire kids to learn as much as possible about endangered animals and to take action to rescue them.

This understanding can be facilitated through an inquiry process that leads to action. The C3 Framework lays out a robust set of steps to guide students through the process. “The C3 Framework is centered on an inquiry arc—a set of interlocking and mutually supportive ideas that frame the ways students learn social studies content.[1]“ The framework is organized around four dimensions—or process steps—students follow to conduct their inquiry. These steps are abbreviated in this activity, but the full framework can be found at https://www.socialstudies.org/standards/c3 .

• Developing questions and planning inquiries
• Applying disciplinary tools and concepts
• Evaluating sources and using evidence
• Communicating conclusions and taking informed action

[1] National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), The College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards: Guidance for Enhancing the Rigor of K-12. Civics, Economics, Geography, and History (Silver Spring, MD: NCSS, 2013).

Students will:

• Identify key issues related to the protection of endangered or threatened species.
• Construct compelling and supporting questions that frame and guide inquiry related to the protection of endangered or threatened species.
• Identify and evaluate sources that will help answer compelling and supporting questions, taking into consideration multiple points of view, the structure of an argument or explanation, the types of sources available and the potential uses of the sources.
• Conduct research that results in the formulation of an explanation or argument related to the key/enduring issues of the topic.
• Communicate an explanation or argument based on research using appropriate media (text, video, graphics, maps, etc.).
• Take informed action as a result of the implementation of the inquiry arc.

Teaching Approach: inquiry-based learning, learning-for-use

Teaching Methods: discussions, inquiry, research

Skills Summary

This activity targets the following skills:

• Information Literacy
• Communication and Collaboration
• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
• Global Awareness
• Understanding
• Analyzing Geographic Information
• Answering Geographic Questions
• Asking Geographic Questions
• Organizing Geographic Information
• Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering)
• Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering)
• Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

1. For the purpose of this activity, you will be guided through implementing the College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework. “The C3 Framework is centered on an inquiry arc—a set of interlocking and mutually supportive ideas that frame the ways students learn social studies content.[1]“ The framework is organized around four dimensions—or process steps—students follow to conduct their inquiry. These steps are abbreviated in this activity, but the full framework can be found at https://www.socialstudies.org/standards/c3 .

2. To begin, activate students' prior knowledge by engaging them in a discussion about endangered species. Ask:

• What does it mean that a species or animal is endangered?
• What are some animals you think are threatened or endangered? (You may wish to talk about the difference between a species being endangered and a species being threatened. An endangered species is one that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. A threatened species is one that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.)
• What factors cause an animal to become endangered? (Student responses should include factors such as overhunting or overfishing, loss of habitat due to natural or manmade causes, poaching, etc.)
• How are issues around endangered animals related to the history of the areas the animals live in?   To the cultures of the people who live in those areas? (Talk about the interconnections that are involved in any enduring issue.)
• What conflicts do you know about between animals and humans where you live? (Examples might include increased numbers of deer or other wild animals entering the community, poachers killing animals out of season, or arguments among people about how animals should or should not be protected.)

3. Provide students with the list of National Geographic online resources listed below—or combine resources on this list with other resources you have available, either online or in books or other sources. Ask students to work individually or in pairs to read some or all of the resources and, as they read, to take notes on key points they find in the information and any questions that come to mind.

• Endangered Species Encyclopedic Entry
• Search on https://education.nationalgeographic.org/ or https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ . (Use term “endangered species” or search on a specific species)

4. When students have had enough time to read through some of all of the sources, bring them back together and discuss their findings. Ask students to state questions they had as they went through the material. Write the questions on the board or flipchart paper. Have the class identify common types of questions—common issues that came up. Don’t discuss possible answers to questions at this time.

5. Ask students to reflect back on their own notes and on the list of questions the class identified. Then ask each student to identify a key question or concern they have related to endangered species. These questions should be questions that cover important concepts rather than trivial facts. They should lead to thinking about causes, rationale, problems, or multiple perspectives on the issue at hand. An example of a key or enduring issue might be understanding why it is so difficult to stop poaching of elephants in Africa or the ongoing conflict between ranchers and wolves in the American West. You might wish to have students focus on local or regional issues related to animal conservation and/or animal/human interactions, rather than on endangered or threatened species in other parts of the world. Have students write their enduring issue or concern on sticky notes and then put their notes on a poster or flip chart. When all students have written and posted an issue or concern, read them aloud to the class.

6. Introduce the concept of compelling questions to the class. Tell students that compelling questions are questions that focus on enduring issues. They deal with curiosities about how things work, interpretations of concepts, and unresolved issues that require students to construct arguments in response. A compelling question that students might generate is, “Why do we need rules?”—a question that reflects a social concern students have and an enduring issue in social studies. Have students go back to the enduring issues they developed and consider how these might be turned into compelling questions. Ask students to frame one compelling question that interests them about endangered species.

7. Then guide students in the remainder of the process as briefly outlined below:

• From the compelling question, write two to three supporting questions—smaller questions that contribute to understanding the compelling question. Supporting questions focus on descriptions, definitions, and processes, and they require students to construct an explanation. A supporting question for the compelling question above might be, “What are some school rules?”
• With a compelling question and some supporting questions in mind, students should think about resources that will help them find answers, “taking into consideration the multiple points of view represented in an argument, the structure of an explanation, the types of sources available, and the potential use of the sources[2].”
• Have students go back to the resources you introduced earlier to look for information that will help them understand the concepts related to endangered species as they pertain to their compelling and supporting questions. Provide any other resources available in the classroom, including textbooks, online resources, as well as the school library. If any students have similar compelling questions, allow them time to meet to discuss what information will be important to gather and also what arguments they might make related to their enduring issue.
• Guide students in the process of evaluating sources and developing claims, using evidence to support the claims.
• Ask students to formalize their arguments or explanations related to their enduring issue—compelling question—by communicating their results in the form of an oral presentation using posters or PowerPoint or another form of multimedia presentation. Because the issues surrounding endangered species are so closely tied to geography, have students include maps in their presentations—making sure to make significant ties between the explanation or argument and the related map resources and tools.

8. The final step in the C3 Framework process involves not only communicating results but also taking informed action. Ask students to brainstorm actions that might result from their research. For example, students might suggest writing letters to their state or national congressional representatives, or letters to the editor. They might also look into species preservation issues in their communities.

Informal Assessment

Utilize a rubric, provided to students in advance of the activity, for assessing students’ inquiry process and/or their final presentation. Also, have students write a short self-assessment describing their reactions to the inquiry process and what they discovered in the process.

Connections to National Standards, Principles, and Practices

National Council for Social Studies Curriculum Standards

• Theme 3 : People, Places, and Environments
• Theme 8 : Science, Technology, and Society
• Theme 9 : Global Connections

National Geography Standards

• Standard 1 : How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information
• Standard 17 : How to apply geography to interpret the past
• Standard 18 : How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future.
• Standard 3 : How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface

National Science Education Standards

• (5-8) Standard C-1 : Structure and function in living systems
• (5-8) Standard F-2 : Populations, resources, and environments
• (9-12) Standard F-3 : Natural resources
• (9-12) Standard F-4 : Environmental quality
• (9-12) Standard F-5 : Natural and human-induced hazards

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April 18, 2024

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Related Resources

What we lose when animals go extinct

Animals are disappearing at hundreds of times the normal rate, primarily because of shrinking habitats. Their biggest threat: humans.

LIFE, BESIEGED

Most of the animals shown here are among the more than 28,000 species of animals and plants that the International Union for Conservation of Nature says are threatened with extinction. That number actually understates the risk. Since 1964, when the IUCN established a “ red list ” of threatened species and began compiling data gathered worldwide, the list has become the preeminent global database of endangered life and an essential tool for conservation policy. Yet the IUCN has been able to assess only about 106,000 species of the more than 1.5 million species of animals and more than 300,000 plants that scientists have described and named—which they estimate is less than a quarter of what’s really out there. A recent intergovernmental report on the biodiversity crisis estimated that extinction threatens up to a million animal and plant species, known and unknown. The IUCN hopes to raise the number of species assessments to 160,000 by 2020. Next up on its agenda: a “ green list ” of conservation successes. It will be much shorter than the red one.

THE BIGGEST THREAT: HUMANS

Habitat loss—driven primarily by human expansion as we develop land for housing, agriculture, and commerce—is the biggest threat facing most animal species, followed by hunting and fishing. Even when habitat is not lost entirely, it may be changed so much that animals cannot adapt . Fences fragment a grassland or logging cuts through a forest , breaking up migration corridors; pollution renders a river toxic ; pesticides kill widely and indiscriminately. To those local threats one must increasingly add global ones: Trade, which spreads disease and invasive species from place to place, and climate change , which eventually will affect every species on Earth—starting with the animals that live on cool mountaintops or depend on polar ice . All of these threats lead, directly or indirectly, back to humans and our expanding footprint. Most species face multiple threats. Some can adapt to us; others will vanish.

If we lived in an ordinary time— time here being understood in the long, unhurried sense of a geologic epoch—it would be nearly impossible to watch a species vanish. Such an event would occur too infrequently for a person to witness. In the case of mammals, the best-studied group of animals, the fossil record indicates that the “background” rate of extinction, the one that prevailed before humans entered the picture, is so low that over the course of a millennium, a single species should disappear.

But of course we don’t live in an ordinary time. Everywhere we look, species are winking out. Just in the past decade, two mammal species have gone extinct: a bat known as the Christmas Island pipistrelle and a rat, the Bramble Cay melomys .

The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists more than 200 mammal species and subspecies as critically endangered. In some cases, like the Sumatran rhino or the vaquita —a porpoise native to the Gulf of California—there are fewer than a hundred individuals left. In others, like the baiji (also known as the Yangtze River dolphin), the species, though not yet officially declared extinct, has probably died out.

And unfortunately, what goes for mammals goes for just about every other animal group: reptiles, amphibians , fish, even insects. Extinction rates today are hundreds—perhaps thousands—of times higher than the background rate. They’re so high that scientists say we’re on the brink of a mass extinction .

The last mass extinction, which did in the dinosaurs some 66 million years ago , followed an asteroid impact. Today the cause of extinction seems more diffuse. It’s logging and poaching and introduced pathogens and climate change and overfishing and ocean acidification .

But trace all these back and you find yourself face-to-face with the same culprit. The great naturalist E.O. Wilson has noted that humans are the “first species in the history of life to become a geophysical force.” Many scientists argue that we have entered a new geologic epoch—the Anthropocene , or age of man. This time around, in other words, the asteroid is us.

What's lost when an animal goes extinct?

One way to think of a species, be it of ape or of ant, is as an answer to a puzzle: how to live on planet Earth. A species’ genome is a sort of manual; when the species perishes, that manual is lost. We are, in this sense, plundering a library—the library of life. Instead of the Anthropocene, Wilson has dubbed the era we are entering the Eremozoic—the age of loneliness.

Joel Sartore has been photographing animals for his Photo Ark project for 13 years. In an ever growing number of cases, animals housed in zoos or special breeding facilities are among the last remaining members of their species. In some instances, they are the only members.

Toughie, a Rabbs’ fringe-limbed tree frog from central Panama, lived at the Atlanta Botanical Garden. He became the last known of his kind when a fungal disease swept through his native habitat and a captive-breeding program failed. Toughie died in 2016 , and it’s likely the Rabbs’ fringe-limbed tree frog is now extinct.

Romeo, a Sehuencas water frog that lives at the natural history museum in Cochabamba, Bolivia, was likewise believed to be a sole survivor. Scientists created an online dating profile for him. It linked to a donation page, and the $25,000 raised helped fund expeditions in the eastern Andes, where the species was once abundant.

Amazingly, the search has revealed five more Sehuencas water frogs, two males and three females. All were taken to Cochabamba; the one female mature enough to breed with Romeo was named Juliet . Whether she will prove a worthy mate and perpetuate the species, no one knows.

Was the Rabbs’ fringe-limbed tree frog beautiful? Not in the flashy way of, say, the Spix’s macaw (which is believed to be extinct in the wild) or the Gee’s golden langur (which is endangered). But with its expressive brown eyes and gangly limbs, it had its own kind of charm.

Sartore treats all creatures—great and small, handsome and homely—with reverence. His photos capture what’s singular and, I’d also like to say, soulful about every living thing. One of my favorite images of Joel’s is of a Partula nodosa, or niho tree snail, laying down a trail of slime. There used to be dozens of Partula species in the South Pacific, occupying different islands and different ecological niches. Much like Darwin’s finches, they are the darlings of evolutionary biologists—living, slime-producing illustrations of the power of natural selection. The introduction of carnivorous snails from Florida drove nearly a third of the Partula species extinct; several survive solely thanks to captive-breeding programs.

Precisely because extinction takes place so frequently now, it’s possible to become inured to it. This desensitizing is what makes Sartore’s images so crucial: They show us just how remarkable each species is that’s being lost.

We live in an extraordinary time. Perhaps by recognizing this, we can begin to imagine creating a different one—one that preserves, as much as is still possible, the wonderful diversity of life.

THREAT: DISEASE

Since the 1980s, a fungal disease called chytridiomycosis, likely spread through direct contact and by infected water, has ravaged global amphibian populations . More than 500 species have been affected; 90 of these may be extinct. The fungus disrupts transmission of electrolytes through the skin of a frog or toad, ultimately stopping its heart.

THREAT: INVASIVE SPECIES

THREAT: FRAGMENTATION

THREAT: HABITAT LOSS

Butterflies can fly long distances and feed on many types of flowers, but caterpillars are locavores, eating plants they hatch on or near. As those plants are lost to development or farming, butterflies disappear. The ones here aren’t listed by the IUCN—which has evaluated only 8,100 insect species—but are considered at risk by other authorities.

THREAT: POACHING

THREAT: DEFORESTATION

For tree-dwelling lemurs, there’s no life without the forest—or Madagascar, their only home. Yet the island nation has lost 80 percent of its trees to development, charcoal production, and slash-and-burn agriculture. Lemurs are squeezed into limited protected areas; 38 species are critically endangered. Fuel-efficient stoves are being introduced to encourage people to reduce wood use and protect forest habitat.

Related Topics

• EXTINCT SPECIES
• EXTINCTION EVENTS
• ENDANGERED SPECIES

You May Also Like

Plant extinctions are shaking Earth’s green foundation

Inside the homes (and minds) of fossil collectors

A bold plan to save Africa’s shrinking giraffe herds

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High school biology - NGSS

Course: high school biology - ngss   >   unit 8.

• Creativity break: how is creativity in biology changing the world?
• Understand: extinction

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Extinct, Endangered, and Threatened Animals

Assignment: Students research the internet for information about extinct, endangered and threatened animals. Students collect several images of animals in each classification. Students create a 4 slide Powerpoint / Google Slides / Keynote presentation using their research and images.

Download: extinct-endangered-threatened-animals.docx

Conduct short research projects that build knowledge about a topic. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.3.7 Introduce a topic and group related information together; include illustrations when useful to aiding comprehension. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.3.2.A

Download: rubric-for-slide-presentations.pdf

Title Slide - Extinct, Endangered, Threatened

Students create a title "Extinct, Endangered, Threatened" and add some related images. Students add their name.

Slide 2 - Extinct

Students create a title "Extinct". Students research the internet to find information about the meaning of extinction. Students add 2 or more images of extinct animals.

Slide 3 - Endangered

Students create the title "Endangered". Students research the internet to find the meaning of endangered animals . Students add 2 or more images of endangered animals.

Slide 4 - Threatened

Students create the title "Threatened". Students research the internet to find information about threatened animals. Students add 2 or more images of threatened animals.

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Human beings and endangered species

• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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What organizations determine which organisms are endangered species?

endangered species

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• Table Of Contents

What is an endangered species?

An endangered species is any species that is at risk of extinction because of a rapid decrease in its population or a loss of its critical habitat.

What role does human activity play in causing species to become endangered?

Roughly 99 percent of threatened and endangered species are at risk because of human activities. The principal threats are habitat loss and degradation, the spread of invasive species, the growing influence of global warming, chemical pollution, unsustainable hunting, and disease.

Among the organizations connected with assessing which organisms are endangered species are the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), and the Red List of Threatened Species, created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

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endangered species , any species that is at risk of extinction because of a sudden rapid decrease in its population or a loss of its critical habitat . Biodiverse regions that require protection on the grounds that they host a significant number of endangered species are called hot spots .

(Read E.O. Wilson’s Britannica essay on mass extinction.)

Previously, any species of plant or animal that was threatened with extinction could be called an endangered species. The need for separate definitions of “endangered” and “ threatened ” species resulted in the development of various categorization systems, each containing definitions and criteria by which a species can be classified according to its risk of extinction. As a rule, a range of criteria must be analyzed before a species can be placed in one category or another.

Often such categorization systems are linked directly to national legislation, such as the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) or the Canadian Species at Risk Act (SARA). In addition, regional agreements, such as the European Union’s Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC), and international conservation agreements, such as the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), are connected to species- assessment systems. One of the most-recognized independent international systems of species assessment is the Red List of Threatened Species , created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Roughly 99 percent of threatened species are at risk because of human activities alone. By the early 21st century it could be said that human beings ( Homo sapiens ) are the greatest threat to biodiversity and are the major drivers of biodiversity loss . The principal threats to species in the wild are:

• Habitat loss and habitat degradation
• The spread of introduced species (that is, non-native species that negatively affect the ecosystems they become part of)
• The growing influence of global warming and chemical pollution
• Unsustainable hunting

Although some of these hazards occur naturally, most are caused by human beings and their economic and cultural activities. The most pervasive of these threats is habitat loss and degradation—that is, the large-scale conversion of land in previously undisturbed areas driven by the growing demand for commercial agriculture , logging , and infrastructure development. Because the rates of loss are highest in some of the most biologically diverse regions on Earth , a perpetual battle is waged to manage destructive activities there while limiting the impact that such restrictions may have on the well-being of local communities . The relative importance of each threat differs within and among taxa . So far, incidental mortality from ecological disturbance , temporary or limited human disturbance, and persecution have caused limited reductions in the total number of species; however, these phenomena can be serious for some susceptible groups. In addition, global warming has emerged as a widespread threat, and much research is being conducted to identify its potential effects on specific species, populations , and ecosystems .

Conflicts between human activities and conservation are at the root of many of these phenomena. Such controversies are often highly politicized and widely publicized in the global press and through social media . For example, habitat loss and species loss have resulted from the unregulated exploitation of coltan (the rare ore for tantalum used in consumer electronics products such as mobile phones and computers ) in Kahuzi-Beiga National Park , one of the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s premier forest parks. The park is also home to much of the population of the threatened Eastern Lowland gorilla ( Gorilla beringei graueri ). Mining has increased gorilla mortality by reducing the animal’s food resources and leading many people displaced by the mining to kill gorillas for their meat . In addition, the mountain gorilla ( G. beringei beringei ), a close relative of the Eastern Lowland gorilla, is also at risk of extinction . However, authorities cite poaching , disease, and crossfire between warring political groups in the vicinity of Virunga National Park as the primary sources of its population decline.

Another example of a widely publicized wildlife controversy involves the relatively recent declines in amphibian populations. Known to be important global indicators of environmental health , amphibians have experienced some of the most serious population declines to date of all groups that have been assessed globally through the IUCN Red List process ( see below ). Amphibians (a group that includes salamanders , frogs , toads , and caecilians [wormlike amphibians]), being particularly sensitive to environmental changes, are severely threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, the spread of a disease called amphibian chytridiomycosis , and climate change .

Beyond these notable examples, many of the world’s birds are also at risk. The populations of some bird species (such as some albatrosses , petrels , and penguins ) are declining because of longline fishing, whereas those of others (such as certain cranes , rails , parrots , pheasants , and pigeons ) have become victims of habitat destruction. On many Pacific islands , the accidental introduction of the brown tree snake ( Boiga irregularis ) has wreaked havoc on many bird populations .

Many fishes and other forms of aquatic and marine life are also threatened. Among them are long-lived species that have life history strategies requiring many years to reach sexual maturity. As a result, they are particularly susceptible to exploitation. The meat and fins of many sharks , rays , chimaeras , and whales fetch high prices in many parts of the world, which has resulted in the unsustainable harvest of several of those species.

Moreover, freshwater habitats worldwide are progressively threatened by pollution from industry, agriculture, and human settlements. Additional threats to freshwater ecosystems include introduced invasive species (such as the sea lamprey [ Petromyzon marinus ] in the Great Lakes ), the canalization of rivers (such as in the streams that empty into the Everglades in Florida), and the overharvesting of freshwater species (as in the case of the extinct Yunnan box turtle [ Cuora yunnanensis ] in China). While an estimated 45,000 described species rely on freshwater habitats, it is important to note that humans are also seriously affected by the degradation of freshwater species and ecosystems.

Against this backdrop of threats related to urban expansion and food production, the unsustainable harvest of animal and plant products for traditional medicine and the pet trade is a growing concern in many parts of the world. These activities have implications for local ecosystems and habitats by exacerbating population declines through overharvesting. In addition, they have cross-border repercussions in terms of trade and illegal trafficking.

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Extinction of Animals Essay

This  extinction of animals essay question appeared recently in the IELTS test.

It is about how animals become extinct and whether humans should take steps to prevent this from happening.

It is a natural process that animal species become extinct, as the dinosaurs did in the past. There is no reason for people to prevent this from happening.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Choosing a Side

With agree / disagree type essays you can discuss both sides of the issue but you can come down firmly on one side and focus on only this in your response.

This can be an easier way to answer such questions and is certainly recommended if you are just needing the lower band scores, such as 7 and especially 6.

This is an example of an essay where the writer disagrees with the opinion and has given three reasons for this, set out in three body paragraphs.

For the higher band scores there is a risk the examiner thinks for a fully addressed answer , both sides of the issue should have been considered. So if you need a band 8 or 9, look at both sides of the issue as in this model answer.

Take a look at the model answer for this animal extinction essay and the comments below.

Extinction of Animals Essay Sample

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

Write at least 250 words.

Model Answer

It is commonly known that many species have gone extinct throughout history, including the dinosaurs. Some argue that preventing extinction is not necessary, as it is a natural process. However, I believe that humans have a moral obligation to protect endangered species and prevent their extinction.

Firstly, human activities such as deforestation, overfishing, and pollution have caused a rapid decline in animal populations, leading many species to be at risk of extinction. As a result, humans have a responsibility to conserve the environment and prevent further harm to wildlife. It is unfair for humans to cause the extinction of a species due to their actions, particularly when they have the ability to prevent it.

Another reason is that many species play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. For example, bees are essential pollinators that are responsible for pollinating 80% of flowering plants, and thus if bees were to become extinct, it would have a devastating impact on our food supply and ecosystem. Similarly, the loss of predators can cause a ripple effect, leading to overpopulation of other species and causing imbalances in the food chain.

Lastly, preventing extinction is not only a matter of responsibility but also a matter of morality. Species have intrinsic value, and it is not our place to determine which species should exist and which should not. Humans must respect the inherent value of all life forms and do what they can to protect them.

In conclusion, while extinction may be a natural process, it is not a justification for humans to sit idly by and watch as countless species go extinct. By taking action to conserve the environment, humans can ensure that future generations can enjoy the same diversity of life that we have today.

(294 Words)

This extinction of animals essay would achieve a high IELTS band score.

It's organised well so would score highly for coherence and cohesion . It has a clear introduction that introduces the topics and then gives the writers opinion (the thesis statement).

Each body paragraph clearly sets out and explains a key idea, then the conclusion summarises the writers view and gives some final thoughts. The linking between sentences is also very good.

It has a clear opinion and that opinion is reflected in the response. The ideas are fully supported and explained. The question is fully addressed and the essay does not go off-topic. It would therefore score highly for task response . 

The essay also had a good range of high-level and accurate lexis and grammar , so it would also score well for those criteria.

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Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Animal Rights — The Importance of Protecting Endangered Animals

The Importance of Protecting Endangered Animals

• Categories: Animal Rights

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Words: 460 |

Published: Mar 8, 2024

Words: 460 | Page: 1 | 3 min read

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Biodiversity and ecosystem health, threats to endangered animals, conservation efforts.

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With Deforestation, Urban Development And Illegal Hunting, Many Animal Species Are Becoming Endangered - IELTS Essay

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Sample Essay 1

Deforestation, urbanization, and illegal hunting have relentlessly pushed numerous animal species towards endangerment and even extinction. This essay contends that safeguarding these species is not merely important but imperative. It will examine both the ecological impacts of extinction and the ethical responsibilities towards biodiversity conservation.

Firstly, the ecological ramifications of species loss are profound and far-reaching. Every species plays a unique role in its ecosystem, contributing to a complex web of interdependencies known as biodiversity. For instance, the extinction of a single pollinator species can lead to the collapse of plant populations that rely exclusively on that pollinator, which in turn affects species that depend on those plants for food and shelter. This domino effect can lead to ecological collapse, disrupting services ecosystems provide, like clean air, water purification, and climate regulation. The reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park, USA, which helped stabilize other animal populations and rejuvenate the park’s ecosystem, exemplifies the positive impact of preserving biodiversity.

Secondly, there exists an ethical imperative to protect animal species. Beyond ecological benefits, humans have a moral duty to ensure the survival of other species with whom we share the planet. This duty arises from the recognition that animals possess intrinsic value and rights, independent of their utility to humans. Moreover, many of the threats to wildlife—such as habitat destruction and overhunting—are the direct result of human activities. Thus, it is incumbent upon us to rectify the harm we have caused. Initiatives like the establishment of wildlife corridors in India, which allow safe passage for tigers and other species between isolated reserves, demonstrate effective measures for mitigating human impact on wildlife.

In conclusion, the protection of endangered species is both an ecological necessity and a moral obligation. Through actions such as ecosystem restoration and the creation of wildlife corridors, we can address the adverse effects of human activity on wildlife, thereby preserving the natural heritage for future generations.

Sample Essay 2

Deforestation, urban sprawl, and illegal poaching are increasingly threatening the survival of many animal species, propelling them towards extinction. This essay argues that animal protection is essential and will discuss the benefits of biodiversity and the effectiveness of conservation laws.

The first point to consider is the inherent value of biodiversity, which offers significant environmental and economic benefits. Diverse ecosystems are more resilient; they recover from disruptions such as natural disasters more quickly and are better at regulating disease, which benefits agricultural communities by ensuring healthy pollination and pest control. These ecological services are indispensable as they help maintain environmental balance and ensure sustainability of food sources. Economically, biodiversity is pivotal for sectors like ecotourism and pharmaceuticals, which rely on a variety of species to attract tourists and discover new medicines, respectively. For example, Costa Rica has harnessed its rich biodiversity to become one of the world's leading ecotourism destinations, significantly boosting its economy and providing jobs to local communities, thereby promoting a sustainable economic model that other nations can emulate.

Moreover, implementing strict conservation laws has proven to be an effective strategy for wildlife protection. Countries that have enforced comprehensive anti-poaching regulations and established protected areas have seen significant recoveries in wildlife populations. This approach not only prevents the immediate threats like poaching and habitat loss but also reinforces the ecological balance and biodiversity. Nepal, for instance, celebrated zero rhino poachings in several years due to stringent laws and community conservation efforts. These laws not only curb immediate threats but also foster a culture of wildlife value and conservation, ensuring long-term commitment to animal protection. The involvement of local communities in these efforts has been crucial, as it empowers them and provides economic benefits, further solidifying the support for wildlife conservation initiatives. This community engagement, combined with legal frameworks, forms a robust defense against the extinction of endangered species.

In conclusion, safeguarding endangered species through biodiversity preservation and rigorous legal frameworks is crucial. These strategies not only protect wildlife but also sustain ecological balance and foster economic growth.

• Task 2 Essays

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Answer Essay: Protecting Wild Animals or Humans (Real Past IELTS Exam)

by Dave | Real Past Tests | 3 Comments

This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of protecting wild animals or humans.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Answer Essay: Protecting Wild Animals or Humans

Some people think that resources should be spent on protecting wild animals, while others think those would be better used for the human population. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. Real Past IELTS Exam

There are many who doubt the logic of spending money and time on wild animals when there are so many humans in need. In my opinion, the valid reasons to prioritise humanity do not outweigh the fact that animals more desperately require refuge.

Those who advocate for less aid for animals believe that human life is inherently more valuable. Humans are capable of higher reasoning skills, have more emotionally complex lives, and most importantly, we share a primary obligation to members of our own species. A good example of this would be when humans and animals come into conflict. Recently, a boy fell into a gorilla cage at a zoo and the wild animal was killed to protect the child. There was a large public outcry but only extremists would argue the human should die in such situations. Increased funding for wildlife in effect means reduced resources allocated to charities for the underprivileged and the implicit elevation of animals over humans.

However, the risk to wild animals is pressing and justifies responsible action. Despite the vulnerability of particular humans, nothing imperils humanity as a whole. This is not the case for endangered animals like bald eagles, cheetahs, lions, and polar bears. They face threats ranging from the impact of climate change to deforestation to poaching. Those are all a direct result of human activity. Without our help, there is a very real chance that some species on the brink will go extinct in the coming decades. Once they have gone extinct, there will be no way to bring them back and this is the existential threat that ought to compel continued funding for programs aimed at wildlife conservation.

In conclusion, thought human life is more valuable, the danger looming for at-risk animals is greater and validates compassionate effort. The longer we neglect animals, the greater the chances of extinction.

1. There are many who doubt the logic of spending money and time on wild animals when there are so many humans in need. 2. In my opinion, the valid reasons to prioritise humanity do not outweigh the fact that animals more desperately require refuge.

• Repeat the overall topic for the essay.
• Write a clear opinion and choose an overall side.

1. Those who advocate for less aid for animals believe that human life is inherently more valuable. 2. Humans are capable of higher reasoning skills, have more emotionally complex lives, and most importantly, we share a primary obligation to members of our own species. 3. A good example of this would be when humans and animals come into conflict. 4. Recently, a boy fell into a gorilla cage at a zoo and the wild animal was killed to protect the child. 5. There was a large public outcry but only extremists would argue the human should die in such situations. 6. Increased funding for wildlife in effect means reduced resources allocated to charities for the underprivileged and the implicit elevation of animals over humans.

• Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
• Explain your main idea, if necessary.
• Give an example.
• Develop the example.
• Continue to develop the example.
• Relate the example back to your main idea for the paragraph.

1. However, the risk to wild animals is pressing and justifies responsible action. 2. Despite the vulnerability of particular humans, nothing imperils humanity as a whole. 3. This is not the case for endangered animals like bald eagles, cheetahs, lions, and polar bears. 4. They face threats ranging from the impact of climate change to deforestation to poaching. 5. Those are all a direct result of human activity. 6. Without our help, there is a very real chance that some species on the brink will go extinct in the coming decades. 7. Once they have gone extinct, there will be no way to bring them back and this is the existential threat that ought to compel continued funding for programs aimed at wildlife conservation.

• Write another topic sentence with another clear main idea at the end.
• Explain your main idea.
• Use specific details/animals.
• State the specific threats.
• Develop why those threats are a human responsibility.
• Continue developing why.
• Finish with a strong statement.

1. In conclusion, thought human life is more valuable, the danger looming for at-risk animals is greater and validates compassionate effort. 2. The longer we neglect animals, the greater the chances of extinction.

• Repeat your opinion.
• Finish summarising and add a final thought.

What do the words in bold below mean?

There are many who doubt the logic of spending money and time on wild animals when there are so many humans in need . In my opinion, the valid reasons to prioritise humanity do not outweigh the fact that animals more desperately require refuge .

Those who advocate for less aid for animals believe that human life is inherently more valuable. Humans are capable of higher reasoning skills , have more emotionally complex lives , and most importantly , we share a primary obligation to members of our own species. A good example of this would be when humans and animals come into conflict . Recently, a boy fell into a gorilla cage at a zoo and the wild animal was killed to protect the child. There was a large public outcry but only extremists would argue the human should die in such situations. Increased funding for wildlife in effect means reduced resources allocated to charities for the underprivileged and the implicit elevation of animals over humans.

However, the risk to wild animals is pressing and justifies responsible action . Despite the vulnerability of particular humans , nothing imperils humanity as a whole . This is not the case for endangered animals like bald eagles, cheetahs, lions, and polar bears. They face threats ranging from the impact of climate change to deforestation to poaching . Those are all a direct result of human activity . Without our help, there is a very real chance that some species on the brink will go extinct in the coming decades . Once they have gone extinct, there will be no way to bring them back and this is the existential threat that ought to compel continued funding for programs aimed at wildlife conservation .

In conclusion, thought human life is more valuable, the danger looming for at-risk animals is greater and validates compassionate effort . The longer we neglect animals, the greater the chances of extinction.

doubt the logic question the reasoning

wild animals animals living outside homes, in nature

in need vulnerable

valid reasons good justifications

prioritise humanity put humans first

outweigh more important than

more desperately require refuge more urgently need protection

advocate support

inherently naturally

higher reasoning skills thinking ability

emotionally complex lives have a range of complicated emotions

most importantly the crucial factor being

share a primary obligation have an important duty

members parts of

come into conflict fight

gorilla cage where they keep gorillas at a zoo

protect keep safe

large public outcry lots of people angry

extremists people with extreme opinions

in effect essentially

reduced resources allocated to less money given to

underprivileged poor people

implicit elevation indirectly raising

pressing important, urgent

justifies responsible action give good reasons to take steps

vulnerability weakness

particular humans individual people

imperils endangers

as a whole altogether

this is not the case it is not true of

endangered animals animals with low population numbers

face threats ranging from are imperiled by

deforestation cutting down forests

poaching hunting animals

direct result caused by

human activity what people do

on the brink nearly

extinct eradicated

the coming decades in next 20 – 30 years

bring them back return

existential threat risk related to their existence

ought to compel should force

aimed at geared towards

conservation keeping safe

looming on the horizon

at-risk animals vulnerable animals

validates compassionate effort justifies caring and helping

neglect not paying attention to

the longer … the greater the more time it takes, the more harm

Pronunciation

Listen and repeat:

daʊt ðə ˈlɒʤɪk   waɪld ˈænɪməlz   ɪn niːd ˈvælɪd ˈriːznz   praɪˈɒrɪˌtaɪz hju(ː)ˈmænɪti   aʊtˈweɪ   mɔː ˈdɛspərɪtli rɪˈkwaɪə ˈrɛfjuːʤ ˈædvəkɪt   ɪnˈhɪərəntli ˈhaɪə ˈriːznɪŋ skɪlz ɪˈməʊʃənli ˈkɒmplɛks lɪvz məʊst ɪmˈpɔːtəntli ʃeər ə ˈpraɪməri ˌɒblɪˈgeɪʃən   ˈmɛmbəz   kʌm ˈɪntuː ˈkɒnflɪkt gəˈrɪlə keɪʤ   prəˈtɛkt   lɑːʤ ˈpʌblɪk ˈaʊtkraɪ ɪksˈtriːmɪsts   ɪn ɪˈfɛkt   rɪˈdjuːst rɪˈsɔːsɪz ˈæləʊkeɪtɪd tuː   ˌʌndəˈprɪvɪlɪʤd   ɪmˈplɪsɪt ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən   ˈprɛsɪŋ   ˈʤʌstɪfaɪz rɪsˈpɒnsəbl ˈækʃ(ə)n ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪlɪti   pəˈtɪkjʊlə ˈhjuːmənz ɪmˈpɛrɪlz   æz ə həʊl ðɪs ɪz nɒt ðə keɪs   ɪnˈdeɪnʤəd ˈænɪməlz   feɪs θrɛts ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frɒm   dɪˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃ(ə)n   ˈpəʊʧɪŋ dɪˈrɛkt rɪˈzʌlt   ˈhjuːmən ækˈtɪvɪti ɒn ðə brɪŋk   ɪksˈtɪŋkt   ðə ˈkʌmɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪdz brɪŋ ðɛm bæk ˌɛgzɪˈstɛnʃəl θrɛt   ɔːt tuː kəmˈpɛl   eɪmd æt   ˌkɒnsə(ː)ˈveɪʃən ˈluːmɪŋ   æt-rɪsk ˈænɪməlz   ˈvælɪdeɪts kəmˈpæʃənɪt ˈɛfət ðə ˈlɒŋgə  …  ðə ˈgreɪtə  … nɪˈglɛkt  

Vocabulary Practice

Remember and fill in the blanks:

There are many who d___________________c of spending money and time on w____________________s when there are so many humans i___________d . In my opinion, the v___________________s to p______________________y do not o___________h the fact that animals m_____________________________e .

Those who a____________e for less aid for animals believe that human life is i__________________y more valuable. Humans are capable of h_________________________s , have more e_________________________s , and m____________________________y , we s_______________________n to m_____________s of our own species. A good example of this would be when humans and animals c______________________t . Recently, a boy fell into a g___________________e at a zoo and the wild animal was killed to p_____________t the child. There was a l_____________________y but only e__________________s would argue the human should die in such situations. Increased funding for wildlife i______________t means r________________________________o charities for the u_____________________d and the i____________________________n of animals over humans.

However, the risk to wild animals is p_________________g and j__________________________n . Despite the v___________________y of p___________________________s , nothing i________________s humanity a____________________e . T________________________e for e______________________s like bald eagles, cheetahs, lions, and polar bears. They f______________________________m the impact of climate change to d____________________________n to p_______________g . Those are all a d___________________________t of h__________________y . Without our help, there is a very real chance that some species o________________k will go e______________t in t_____________________s . Once they have gone extinct, there will be no way to b____________________k and this is the e_______________________t that o_____________________l continued funding for programs a_______________t wildlife c___________________n .

In conclusion, thought human life is more valuable, the danger l_________________g for a____________________s is greater and v______________________t . T______________r we n______________t animals, t______________________r the chances of extinction.

Reading Practice

Read more about endangered animals on the World Wildlife Foundation website:

https://www.worldwildlife.org/

Speaking Practice

Practice with the real questions from IELTS speaking :

Have you ever seen a wild animal? What is your favourite wild animal? How do you feel when you see animals at the zoo? What is the importance of animals to children? Real Past IELTS Exam

Writing Practice

Write about the following topic then check with my sample answer:

Some people say that the main environmental problem of our time is the loss of particular species of plants and animals. Others say that there are more important environmental problems. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Real Past IELTS Exam

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It was such a great essay but I am afraid I am less likely to come up with such advanced vocabularies and grammar in real exam.

Yes, I think it is above band 9 for many of those areas – I like to put in a lot of high level vocabulary so that students can learn some new words from it!

It is a proven fact that resources should be allocated to the most important concern. Some people claim that the human population is more deserving to receive funds than spending it on wild animal protection. I completely disagree with this statement because wild animals are more in need of people’s help. This essay will discuss both points of view and state my opinion.

On the one hand, humans are indeed more valuable and the most intelligent living things on earth. Human beings are the key to the world’s improvement in terms of modernization and advancement. With this, it is believed by many that the human population is more worthy to earn financial support to continue the development of the society. Moreover, practically, the government also needs more funds to supplement less fortunate people.

On the other hand, people should also prioritize wildlife restoration and conservation because people are morally obligated to help animals. Wild animals are more sensitive to human activities such as deforestation and illegal logging. What is more, because of human abuse to the natural resources, species such as leopard, tiger, and elephant are now endangered and becoming extinct. With this human-made threat, wildlife is now experiencing vulnerability and unprotection.

In conclusion, although the human population plays a major vital in the development of society, wild animals are also part to maintain a healthy ecological balance on earth. People should restore faith in humanity and show a compassionate act to save wildlife.

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Endangered Animals

Assessment model print, okay persuasive essay.

Title: Endangered Animals

Level: Grade 4, Grade 5

Mode: Persuasive Writing

Form: Persuasive Essay

Completed Rubric: Endangered Animals Rubric

Blank Rubric: Argument Rubric

View related assessment models:

Student Model

I love animals, especially endangered animals, and that is why I support the Endangered Species Act. The animals are so beautiful and they have such unique personalities.

There are some endangered animals that aren’t really close to extinction. Others, like the Golden Lion Tamarin, are very close to extinction. There are many reasons why animals are endangered. One reason is because of poachers (or people that hunt animals illegally) who kill an endangered animal for their teeth or tusks, skin or blubber, and for various other reasons to make money.

It is very easy to support endangered animals. There is a brand of soap that you can buy to support them, as there are many other products available for purchase. The Endangered Species Act is a way to support the animals too. Have you tried supporting endangered animals?

Teacher Support:

Click to find out more about this resource.

Standards Correlations:

The State Standards provide a way to evaluate your students' performance.

• 110.6.b.9.D
• LAFS.4.RI.1.1
• 110.6.b.9.D.i
• LAFS.4.RI.1.2
• 110.6.b.12.C
• 110.6.b.11.B
• LAFS.4.W.1.1
• 110.7.b.9.D
• LAFS.5.RI.1.1
• 110.7.b.7.D
• LAFS.5.RI.1.2
• 110.7.b.11.A
• 110.7.b.11.B
• 110.7.b.12.C
• LAFS.5.W.1.1

© 2024 Thoughtful Learning. Copying is permitted.

k12.thoughtfullearning.com

How to help protect endangered species

As you read this, countless species are on the brink of extinction. We live in an era where global biodiversity faces threats that are caused in large part by human actions.

But there are things we can do to help. Individuals committed to conservation can take collective action to protect endangered species from extinction. Here we explore some practical strategies that you can implement in your daily life to protect endangered wildlife.

16 things you can do to help endangered species

Conservation efforts don’t just have to be spearheaded by large organizations—individuals can make a difference, too. The choices we make in our day-to-day lives can have a positive impact on threatened species. 

Buy products from sustainable sources

Choosing cruelty-free alternatives helps reduce the demand for goods that contribute to the endangerment of species. Avoid buying products made from animal skins, scales, ivory, or other endangered animal products. 

Though it can seem like a personal choice that only affects you, you directly contribute to wildlife conservation by actively purchasing from sustainable sources. 

If enough people make these choices, businesses will be encouraged to adopt ethical practices and invest in more sustainable alternatives. 

Advocate for conservation

Using your voice to bring attention to the plight of endangered species educates others and builds support for conservation causes.

This can be as simple as talking to your friends and sharing resources or links on social media, along with attending events, signing petitions, and writing to elected officials.

Not sure where to start? We have a list of active petitions that you can sign to help ensure your voice is heard—from helping to save North Atlantic right whales from extinction to forming a national biodiversity strategy. 

Avoid plastic use and littering, and recycle properly

Ensuring that you properly dispose of waste and recyclables can play a huge part in protecting the environment and animal populations. Recycling plays a pivotal role in breaking the cycle of plastic pollution by diverting materials from landfills and ensuring that plastics don’t end up endangering wildlife through ingestion or entanglement.

Beyond proper recycling, try to use alternatives to plastic products (especially single-use plastics). Products like metal straws instead of plastic ones, beeswax wraps instead of cling film, and reusable water bottles can all make a difference. 

Learn more about wildlife and educate others 

Empower yourself through knowledge. By learning more about wildlife and endangered species —and then sharing that knowledge with others—you can create a ripple effect of awareness.

IFAW is all about educating, sharing knowledge, and promoting collective action. Our blog is a great place to start if you want to learn more about conservation and endangered species. Learn more about endangered wildlife in Africa , Europe , Asia , Australia , North America , and South America , or take a look at our list of the world’s most endangered mammals or birds .

Support conservation organizations 

Supporting conservation organizations is a great way to protect endangered species. Donations provide crucial funding for research, habitat protection, wildlife rescue, and species recovery programs.

If you’re not in a position to provide financial support, there are other ways you can support conservation efforts. Identify organizations dedicated to causes you to care about, follow them on social media, and reshare their posts. This helps to amplify their reach and spread awareness. You can also look for volunteering opportunities at conservation organisations and wildlife centres in your local community.

Through these actions, you can support the collective effort to safeguard endangered species. 

Support policy initiatives that help animals

One of the most effective ways to protect endangered species is through policies prioritizing animal welfare and conservation. Many animals are already protected by law, and the more we can introduce legislation to protect threatened species, the better.

You can stay informed about relevant legislation and advocate for stronger protections for endangered species. Or try engaging with your local elected officials by expressing concerns and providing input on wildlife-related policies. You can also join or support organizations lobbying for effective conservation policies. 

Protect wildlife habitats

Individuals play a crucial role in protecting endangered species by safeguarding their habitats. Simple actions can make a significant impact, for example: 

• Letting your lawn grow provides a haven for important pollinating insects and small animals. 
• Planting native trees (and not cutting down existing ones) helps restore natural ecosystems. 
• Setting up water sources in your yard or garden aids local wildlife, especially during dry periods. 
• Planting native flowers supports pollinators, which is essential for the reproductive success of many species. 

You should also refrain from disturbing wildlife in your community. If you see a wild animal that appears orphaned or distressed, contact your local wildlife rehabilitation center for help. 

Participate in park, roadside, or beach cleanups

Participating in park, roadside, or beach cleanups is a direct action that can help you contribute to the protection of endangered species. Have a look to see if there are any community- or council-led cleanups in your area. 

Removing litter and waste preserves natural ecosystems, prevents harm to wildlife, and raises public awareness about the impact of pollution on endangered species and their habitats.

Host a community fundraising event

Organizing events like charity walks, auctions, or educational seminars can raise funds for conservation efforts. These events not only generate financial support but also help spread the word about the importance of biodiversity and conservation. 

Your event’s funds can be given directly to conservation organizations to support their efforts to conserve biodiversity.

Volunteer with an animal shelter or sanctuary that rehabilitates wildlife

Volunteering at a shelter is a hands-on way to directly contribute to protecting endangered species. 

Find an organization near you dedicated to wildlife rescue and rehabilitation and inquire if they’re open to volunteers. By dedicating your time and skills to these organizations, you can help with the care of animals while also learning more about the cause. 

Use alternatives to pesticides

If you have a garden, avoid using pesticides on your plants and vegetables. Opting for natural and eco-friendly pest control methods helps maintain a balanced ecosystem without harming non-target species. Planting native vegetation that attracts natural predators can also reduce the need for chemical interventions.

For more information, you can speak with workers at your local garden center to find a solution that will protect your harvest without harming native wildlife around your home. 

Travel sustainably and support wildlife-friendly tourism

The next time you take a trip, avoid booking a package holiday and instead think a bit more deeply about ways you can travel sustainably to help reduce the negative impact of tourism on ecosystems.

This can include wildlife tourism, like safaris or whale watching, but make sure you look into tour operators that prioritize conservation and animal well-being.

Here are some ideas to make your trips more sustainable:

• Opt for eco-friendly accommodations and tour operators that prioritize conservation practices.
• Choose destinations with responsible wildlife tourism guidelines, ensuring minimal disturbance to natural habitats. 
• Participate in educational programs and eco-tours that raise awareness about endangered species and their conservation needs. 
• Respect local wildlife regulations, keeping a safe distance from animals in their natural habitats. 

Follow vessel speed rules on the ocean

If you’re a boat owner or driver, it’s essential to always follow vessel speed rules. This isn’t just for your safety—it also protects marine life below the surface. 

Strict ocean speed limits help protect whales and dolphins, whose navigation and communication can be disrupted by loud ocean traffic . Faster speeds are also linked to vessel strikes, which can be fatal for animals in the ocean. 

Support habitat connectivity 

Urbanization of natural habitats may be inevitable in some places, but it can cause habitat fragmentation for already vulnerable wildlife populations. For example, fences that mark land boundaries can become obstacles to animals looking to move around their habitats. 

You may not realize that individuals can take action to help prevent fragmentation or even reconnect habitats. For example, you can plant hedges or native trees in your yard instead of building fences. 

Make your home wildlife-friendly

Making your home as wildlife-friendly as possible is especially important if you live in a rural or suburban area. You can do many small things that will have a big impact on local wildlife. For example, you can:

• Keep your cats inside, especially at night.
• Secure garbage in bins with locking lids.
• Stick decals on windows to deter bird collisions.
• Place bird baths outside, and replace the water often to avoid disease transmission.
• Add native plants to your garden, along with plenty of wildflowers for pollinators.

Visit a national park

Next time you have a day or a long weekend off, take the time to visit a national park, wildlife refuge, or protected area. These places provide safe habitats for thousands of endangered species. While you get the chance to experience and enjoy nature, you’re also financially supporting the park, helping them continue their good work. 

Plus, the more people who visit these parks, the more likely governments are to fund them. 

Help IFAW protect endangered species

Protecting endangered species is necessary for the ongoing health of our planet’s ecosystems.

Organizations like IFAW need help from people like you who are committed to helping endangered animals. Embracing sustainable practices, helping us advocate for policy change, and supporting our conservation efforts are ways you can help endangered species worldwide.

Wildlife Rescue

Press releases

Thousands of koala trees planted on historic grazing property

Koala facts and statistics

Why your voice and vote matter for wildlife

every problem has a solution, every solution needs support.

The problems we face are urgent, complicated, and resistant to change. Real solutions demand creativity, hard work, and involvement from people like you.

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Ielts writing task 2 sample 1106 - wild animals should be protected, ielts writing task 2/ ielts essay:, some people believe that all wild animals should be protected. others say that few wild animals should be protected instead..

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Species in Danger

In 2012, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed over 9,000 plant and animal species as either critically endangered or endangered. Another 10,000 species were listed as vulnerable. This reading set focuses on some of these species with both fiction and nonfiction passages.

Aidan and the Blue Whales

Aidan looked at the list of endangered animals his teacher gave the class. He leaned over to his good bud, Jacob. “Did you know there were so many animals in trouble?” Jacob nodded. “Yeah, my sister’s studying to be a marine biologist. That’s a scientist that studies animals in the…

Orangutans: Forest Friends in Need

Orangutan means “person of the forest” in the Malay language. Orangutans are great apes. They belong to the family of primates that includes gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. Wild orangutans live on two islands-Sumatra and Borneo-in Southeast Asia. Both Sumatran orangutans and Bornean orangutans are primarily arboreal. This means they spend…

Whoa! That’s a Big Cat!

“Your assignment over the weekend,” said Ms. Rangel, “is to choose an endangered animal to write about. You can pair off in teams.” Billy poked Sam. “Let’s do it together.” Sam looked at his best friend. “Sure. I’ll come over on Saturday.” Saturday morning Sam showed up at Billy’s house.…

Stacy and the Orangutans

Stacy rushed in her house and went straight to her mom’s office. “Mom! I need your signature. We’re going on a field trip to the San Diego Zoo.” “That sounds fascinating.” Mom jotted her signature on the paper and gave it back to Stacy. The class handed in their consent…

The Extermination of the American Bison

Noted zoologist and wildlife conservationist William Temple Hornaday wrote a book on the state of the American bison, or buffalo, for the Smithsonian Institution. Hornaday’s concern was that the dramatic drop in population of the buffalo might likely lead to its extinction. An estimated 60 million buffalo lived in the…

Mountain Gorillas: Going, Going, Almost Gone

Mountain gorillas are some of the most threatened animals on the planet. Only two groups of mountain gorillas remain. One population lives in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. The other group lives in the Virunga Mountains. This mountain range of extinct volcanoes borders the African countries of the…

Bats in Peril

Bats are the only mammals that can truly fly. They play a very important role in ecosystems around the world. They help eliminate pests for farmers. They also help ensure that rainforests stay healthy. Bats face many threats though. This means ecosystems across the globe are threatened too. There are…

Amur Tigers: Big Cats in Crisis

Amur tigers, also known as Siberian tigers, are interesting animals. They are the biggest cats in the world. A full-grown Amur tiger can weigh over 600 pounds. Unlike lions that live in groups, tigers are solitary animals, meaning they live alone. Tigers also have very good eyesight and hearing. Its…

Blue Whales: Saving the Giants of the Ocean

Blue whales are the largest animals on Earth. They are also the largest animals known to have ever existed. This means that they are bigger than the dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago. Blue whales weigh as much as 33 elephants (200 tons) and can be up to 100…

Dr. Dian Fossey: Renowned Primatologist and Conservationist

Dr. Dian Fossey, founder of the Karisoke Research Center in the Virunga Mountains of Rwanda, initiated groundbreaking studies of mountain gorillas in their natural habitat. She was considered one of the world’s foremost primatologists and animal conservationists. Along with primatologists Jane Goodall and Birutė Galdikas, she was known as one…

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