what is the hypothesis for salt water egg experiment

April 10, 2014

Salty Science: Floating Eggs in Water

A density demonstration from Science Buddies

By Science Buddies

Key concepts Density Mass Volume Concentration Buoyancy Water Introduction Have you ever wondered why some objects float in water and others sink? It has to do with the density of the objects compared with the density of the water surrounding them. If an object is less dense than the water around it, it will float. Because salt water is denser than freshwater, some things float more easily in the ocean—or extremely salty bodies of the water, such as the Dead Sea. You can make your own dense water by adding salt to tap water. In fact, if you add enough salt, you can make the water so dense that an egg will actually float in it! Explore how this works in this science activity.   Background If you put an egg in a cup of tap water, it will sink to the bottom. Why is this? Because the density of the egg is higher than the density of tap water, so it sinks. Density is the mass of a material per unit volume. For example, the density of freshwater under standard conditions is approximately one gram per cubic centimeter.   But, if you add enough salt to the water, the egg will actually float back up to the surface! Adding salt to the water increases the density of the solution because the salt increases the mass without changing the volume very much.   When enough salt is added to the water, the saltwater solution's density becomes higher than the egg's, so the egg will then float! The ability of something, like the egg, to float in water or some other liquid is known as buoyancy. But just how much salt is needed to make an egg float? In this science activity you'll figure that out by making solutions with varying concentrations of salt in them.   Materials

Measuring cup

Large container, such as a large bowl or cooking pot (It must be able to hold at least three cups.)

One half cup of table salt

Five cups that hold at least 16 ounces each

Permanent marker (if you are using plastic cups) or masking tape and a pen (to label nondisposable cups)

Three spoons for mixing salty solutions

Soup spoon for egg transfers

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  Preparation

Take the egg out of the refrigerator and allow it to warm to room temperature. Be sure to always wash your hands after handling uncooked eggs because they may carry salmonella.

Pour one and one half cups of water into your large container.

Add one half cup of salt to the large container and stir to dissolve some of the salt (it will not all dissolve yet).

Add one more cup of water to the large container (making two and one half cups total) and stir to dissolve the remaining salt. The salt should be completely dissolved before you go on to the next step. It may take several (five to 10) minutes of stirring, so you may need to be patient. Why do you think it's important to start out with a solution that has such a high concentration of salt?

Arrange the five cups on a surface, going in a line from left to right. Label the cups 1 to 5. If you are using plastic cups, you can use a permanent marker to label them. If you are using nondisposable cups, you can use masking tape and a pen to label them.

Add three quarters cup of the salty solution you prepared to cup 1.

Add three quarters cup of plain tap water to cups 2 through 5. (Cup 5 will be plain tap water.)

Add three quarters cup of the salty solution you prepared to cup 2 and mix it. What is the salt concentration in cup two compared with cup one?

Add three quarters cup of the salt solution from cup 2 to cup 3 and mix it. What is the salt concentration in cup 3 compared with cups 1 and 2?

Add three quarters cup of the salt solution from cup 3 to cup 4 and mix it. What is the salt concentration in cup 4 compared with the other cups?

Use a soup spoon to place an egg in cup 5. Does the egg float?

Use the spoon to take the egg out and place it in cup 4. Does the egg float?

Repeat this process with cups 3, 2 and then 1. In which cup does the egg first float? If the egg floated in more than one cup, did you notice any difference in how it floated? What does this tell you about the density of the egg?

Extra: In this science activity you figured out, within a factor of two, how much salt it takes to float an egg. You could narrow down the range further by testing additional saltwater solutions to try and determine the egg’s density. To do this, start your solution with the salt concentration in which the egg first floated and make a new dilution series, as you did before. Now in which cup does the egg first float? What does this tell you about the density of the egg?

Extra: Repeat this activity using several more eggs, possibly both hard-boiled and uncooked eggs. Do you get the same results with other eggs or is there some variation between different eggs? For testing hard-boiled versus raw eggs, you should test the same egg, first raw and then after hard-boiling it to investigate any differences.

Extra: Find out how much salt there is in seawater. From the results of your activity, do you think an egg would float or sink in seawater?

 [break] Observations and results Did the egg float in cup 1 and 2, but not in cups 3, 4 or 5?   You likely saw that the egg floated best in cup 1, floated a little less in cup 2 (but part of it was above the surface) and did not float in the other cups. Cup 1 had the undiluted salty solution that you originally prepared, which was one half cup of salt in two and one half cups water total. The concentrations of the salt solutions in cups 2 to 4 were halved as you increased in cup number; for example, the concentration of the salt in cup 2 was half that of cup 1, and the concentration of the salt in cup 3 was half again of cup 2. (Cup 5 had plain tap water.) The egg should have sunk in cups 3, 4 and 5 because the density of the egg was higher than the density of the solutions (or plain tap water) in those cups. Cups 1 and 2 had more salt in them than the other cups (with cup 1 having the most salt), which means these solutions were denser. The egg should have floated (with part of it above the water surface) in these two cups because the solutions were denser than the egg. The actual density of the egg is in between the density of the solution in cup 3 and that in cup 2.   More to explore What Is Density? , from Charles E. Ophardt, Elmhurst College Why Is the Ocean Salty? , from Herbert Swenson, U.S. Geological Survey Publication Fun, Science Activities for You and Your Family , from Science Buddies How Salty Does the Sea Have to Be for an Egg to Float? , from Science Buddies

This activity brought to you in partnership with Science Buddies

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Science Experiments

Floating Egg Science Experiment

Can you make an egg float in water? In this simple science experiment, we take just a few minutes to test the laws of density and discover just how easy it is to make an egg float!

Below you’ll find detailed instructions and our demonstration video as well as the scientific explanation of “why it works.” We’ve also included a more ideas to explore the concept a bit further.

JUMP TO SECTION: Instructions | Video Tutorial | How it Works

Supplies Needed

• 2 Tall Drinking Glass

Floating Egg Science Lab Kit – Only $5

Use our easy Floating Egg Science Lab Kit to grab your students’ attention without the stress of planning!

It’s everything you need to  make science easy for teachers and fun for students  — using inexpensive materials you probably already have in your storage closet!

Floating Egg Science Experiment Instructions

Experiment Setup – Start with some observations about the eggs. Note that they are both raw eggs and have a similar size and weight. Then ask some questions. Do you think that the eggs will sink or float when placed in water? Do you think it’s possible to make them float? If so, how? Write down your hypothesis (prediction) and then follow the steps below.

Step 1 – Fill a tall drinking glass about 3/4 full of water and carefully place the egg into the glass. What happens to the egg? That’s right, it sinks to the bottom.  

Did you know there is a way to make it float? Continue on in the experiment to find out how. 

Step 2 – Fill another tall drinking glass about 3/4 full of water. 

Step 3 – Add 3 Tablespoons of salt to the water and stir until it is completely combined. What do you think will happen if you place the egg into the glass with the salt water? Write down your hypothesis (prediction) and then test it to see if you were right. 

Step 5 – Next carefully place the second egg into the glass with the salt water. What happens to the egg? That’s right, it floats. Take a moment to make some observations. Why do you think one egg sinks and the other egg floats?

Find out the answer in the how does this experiment work section below.

Video Tutorial

How Does the Floating Egg Science Experiment Work

Why does the egg sink in regular tap water, but float in saltwater? The answer lies in the density of water!

Density is a measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance. Simply said, how much “stuff” in a given volume. Water has a density of 1 g/mL (g/cm3). Objects will float in water if their density is less than 1 g/mL. Objects will sink in water if their density is greater than 1 g/mL.

The egg will sink in regular tap water because the density of the egg is greater than the density of water. The egg’s density is only slightly higher than water at 1.03 g/mL, but that is enough to make the egg sink.

When you add salt to the water, you are increasing the density of the water by adding more mass (or stuff) in the given volume. You don’t really change the volume of the water by adding salt. By adding enough salt, you increase the density of the water so that it is higher than the density of the egg and the egg will float!

Other Ideas to Try

Try this experiment again, but instead of using an egg use a potato slice or a carrot slice. You will have to play around with the amount of salt you add to the water because all objects have their own unique density. Add salt a tablespoon at a time and mix well until you cannot see any salt in the solution, then add your object to see if it floats or sinks. Remove your object and keep adding salt until you can get your object to float. To make it a true science experiment, create a data table to keep track of how much salt you add to the solution.

I hope you enjoyed the experiment. Here are some printable instructions.

• Drinking Glass

Instructions

• Fill a tall drinking glass about 3/4 full of water
• Place the egg into the glass of watch and watch it sink
• Fill another tall drinking glass about 3/4 full of water
• Add 3 Tablespoons of Salt and stir until combined
• Place the egg into the glass and watch it float

Reader Interactions

April 3, 2019 at 2:58 pm

i love this experiment

January 23, 2020 at 11:14 pm

I really loved doing this experiment with my class

August 26, 2020 at 2:59 pm

The egg floats because the density of the salt water changes to be greater than the egg and the density of the egg becomes less dense so then the egg floats. But when you put an egg in tapwater the density of the egg is greater than the density of the tapwater which makes the egg sink.

January 20, 2022 at 11:33 am

bro I loved this experiment it was amazing!!! I tried it out with my friends and it worked! Thank you!

February 10, 2022 at 7:19 pm

this is very helpful thank you

March 7, 2022 at 9:56 am

i loved this experiment : )

April 16, 2023 at 11:35 am

I love doing this experiment at home

May 1, 2023 at 9:00 am

It’s amazing thank you for sharing.

November 3, 2023 at 10:18 am

This is my science fair experiment! YAY!

November 25, 2023 at 7:41 am

wow what a great experiment m!!!

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Salt Water Egg Experiment

Will it float or sink.

The Salt Water Egg Experiment explains why materials (such as an egg) float more in salt water than in fresh water.

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Have you ever tried swimming in the sea? Did you notice that you could float more easily in the open waters than when you're swimming in fresh water or even in a swimming pool? This experiment will help you understand why!

For the Salt Water Egg experiment you will need the following materials:

• Two containers
• Two raw eggs

• Fill the two containers with tap water.
• Add about 6 tablespoons of salt in one container and stir it well with a tablespoon until the salt has completely dissolved in the water.
• Place one egg in each of the containers and observe which one of the eggs float in the container and which one sinks.

The explanation behind this phenomenon is simple - DENSITY! In the Salt Water Egg experiment, you have observed that the egg placed in saltwater floated and the one in tap water didn't. Because saltwater is denser than fresh water, the egg does not end up sinking like it usually does!

Why is this so? Let's first discuss the definition of density and why objects sink. Density refers to the amount of matter contained in a given space or volume. When there's more amount of matter in a given space or volume, the object is then considered denser and at the same time heavier. However, this doesn't mean that density and weight is the same and can be used interchangeably.

Weight refers to the vertical force exerted by a mass of object when subjected to gravity. Unlike density, weight is dependent on the amount of gravity in a particular place. To make it clearer, let's take the egg as an example. The egg's density remains the same no matter where you bring it, whatever the amount of gravity is in that place. However, if you bring the same egg to space, where there is no gravity, it loses its weight! But its density remains the same. That's the difference between density and weight - gravity.

Why Objects Float or Sink

Now let's go back to the question of why objects float or sink. Placing an object that's denser than fresh water automatically sinks. In our Salt Water Egg experiment, because the egg is denser than tap water, it pushes away water particles so it can make space for itself hence the sinking motion. But in the case of the salt water, since it is heavier than ordinary tap water, it is more capable of holding the egg up - hence the egg floating. In easier words, objects sink when their own density is greater than the liquid's density.

Now you must be wondering what's in the salt that makes water denser when mixed with it? When salt is added and dissolved in water, it breaks down into ions that are then attracted to the water molecules. This attraction causes them to bind tightly, increasing the amount of matter per volume (density). Instead of just having the molecules hydrogen and oxygen in the water, sodium and chlorine joins the equation (since salt is made up of sodium and chlorine particles). Saltwater now has more particles in it compared to the ordinary tap water we started with. This is why saltwater is denser than tap water.

So next time you go to the beach or swim in the ocean, you already know the reason why it's so much easier to float in the open waters. In fact, an average person can float like a log with much less effort in saltwater than in fresh water. The key is, the denser the liquid the easier you'll float in it! Amazing huh?

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Explorable.com (Jan 20, 2011). Salt Water Egg Experiment. Retrieved Sep 21, 2024 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/salt-water-egg-experiment

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Salt Water Density Experiment

Can you make a fresh egg float in water? Will an egg float or sink in salt water? What is density? What is buoyancy? Answer these questions with this easy floating egg salt water experiment. Check out all our classic science experiments for more great ideas!

Do eggs sink or float? Depending on their freshness, eggs can either sink or float. A fresh egg sinks to the bottom of a water container. 

However, eggs have air pockets that grow bigger with age, making them more buoyant. A less fresh egg may still sink but tilt upward, while a very old egg will float due to the larger air pocket inside. If you are curious about the rubber egg experiment in the video, click here .

Recommended Grade Level: 1st-5th Grades

For younger students (grades 1-2), the experiment introduces basic concepts like buoyancy and density in a simple, visual way. They can observe how adding salt changes the water’s properties, making objects that normally sink, like an egg, float.

For older students (grades 3-5), you can dive deeper into scientific explanations, including why salt increases the water’s density and how that affects buoyancy. They can also explore variables such as how much salt is needed to make the egg float or try comparing the results with other liquids.

• 2 Tall glasses big enough to hold an egg
• Warm water (Tap water is fine)

Floating Egg Experiment Set Up

STEP 1:  Start by filling one glass about 2/3 the way full. Ask the kids what will happen if you carefully drop an egg into the glass of water. Now go ahead and do it!

STEP 2: Fill the other glass to the same height with water. Now stir in 3 tablespoons of salt. Mix well to dissolve the salt! Ask the kids what they think will happen this time and demonstrate!

💡 TIP: Now’s a great time to talk about mixtures. By combining salt and water, you are making a mixture, an important science concept ( Grab a free printable list of science words )!

A mixture is a material of two or more substances mixed. No chemical reaction occurs, and you can separate the substances in the mixture. You can have a mixture of liquids, solids, or gases.

The second egg should float due to the water’s density change! If your egg does not float, did you add enough salt?

Science Information

Kids can easily experiment with different objects from around the room. Small plastic items will work best with the measurements of salt and water provided.

If the item still sinks in the salt water, ask the kids what they think! Should they add more salt? Have each kid contribute an item to the experiment!

This is a great experiment to add to your ocean science lesson plans because the ocean is salty!

So many excellent saltwater density questions:

• Do you float better in salt water?
• What about some of the biggest mammals on earth that float easily in the ocean?
• Does the density of the saltwater play a role?

Why is the ocean salty? The simple answer is that salt comes from the rocks on the land that have been broken down by erosion and are carried by streams to the ocean.

What is Density?

Why do some objects sink while another object floats? An object sinks because it is denser or heavier than water and vice versa. The density of the egg is greater than that of water. Our sink and float experiment is another exciting way to look at items that might surprise you using only water.

Big items that feel light, like a ping pong ball, are less dense than smaller items that feel heavy, like a gold ring. When added to water, objects denser than water sink, and those less dense than water float. Hollow things often float as air is less dense than water. Learn more about what is density.

You can experiment with many objects that sink and float in water, but what happens when you add salt? Can you change whether the object, like the egg, still sinks?

How does salt affect the density of water?

How much salt did you add to the water? Adding salt to water densifies it. As the salt dissolves in the water, it adds mass (more weight to the water). This densifies the water and allows more objects to float on the surface that would sink in fresh water. This is an example of a physical change !

Do objects float better in saltwater or freshwater?

What other items can you find to test? Most items will generally float in this salt water experiment even if they sink in freshwater. Just look at the egg!

Turn It Into A Floating Egg Science Fair Project

Kids can take everything they have learned about using the scientific method , stating a hypothesis, choosing variables , making observations , and analyzing and presenting data.

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To turn the floating egg experiment into a science fair project using the scientific method, start by posing a clear question. For example, “How does the salt concentration in water affect an egg’s buoyancy?” Formulate a hypothesis predicting the outcome: “The higher the salt concentration, the more likely the egg will float.”

Design the experiment by preparing several solutions with varying amounts of salt dissolved in water ( variables ), then placing an egg in each solution and observing whether it floats or sinks.

Collect and record data on the egg’s buoyancy in each solution, noting the specific salt concentrations. Analyze the results to see if they support your hypothesis. Finally, present your findings, discussing how the salt concentration affects the egg’s buoyancy and reflecting on any potential improvements or further questions during the experiment.

More Simple Science Ideas

• Sink the Boat Buoyancy Challenge
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• Frost on a Can (not just for winter!)
• Sink or Float Experiment
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Here are a few resources that will help you introduce science more effectively to your kiddos or students and feel confident yourself when presenting materials. You’ll find helpful free printables throughout.

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If you’re looking to grab all of our printable science projects in one convenient place plus exclusive worksheets and bonuses like a STEAM Project pack, our Science Project Pack is what you need! Over 300+ Pages!

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15 Comments

When I click the link to go to your blog from my email, a virus (weird website) keeps popping up. I like your blog. But you may want to check into the virus.

I think Liam’s explanation of water density is perfect – smart kid! These projects are a perfect way to *show* kids the difference, instead of just trying to explain it to them (like you said, nearly impossibly for preschoolers!)

I can see salt water being a big hit around here for experimenting! This looks so fun! Pinning for the future!

Lots of stirring but lots of interesting fun! Thanks for pinning!

Thanks Emma! He’s a smart cookie and likes to see things too understand! Not big on listening a whole bunch just yet 😉

Thanks I will look and see what I can see! Glad you like it!

Very good post. I absolutely love this site. Continue the good work!

I like this experiment but it is not about weight it is about density.

Yes, I have been meaning to update it a bit more. Thank you.

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Egg Floatation, (Buoyancy)

Introduction: (initial observation).

Everyone has experienced the fact that things feel lighter under water than they do out of water. You may also have noticed that it is easier to float (swim) in salt water than fresh water.

This is due to a buoyant force upward. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid that the object displaces. If the liquid is denser, then the buoyant force is greater. Steel sinks in water, but floats in mercury.

Other possible titles for this project are:

1. Effects of Density 2. Visualize Density 3. Floatation Magic The third title is only good if you can successfully submerge the egg in the middle of the jar.

Dear This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the “ Ask Question ” button on the top of this page to send me a message.

If you are new in doing science project, click on “ How to Start ” in the main page. There you will find helpful links that describe different types of science projects, scientific method, variables, hypothesis, graph, abstract and all other general basics that you need to know.

Project advisor

Information Gathering:

Find out about floatation. Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to learn about the factors that may cause an object float or submerge. Keep track of where you got your information from.

(The information you gather – along with what you already know- together form your background information. ) This is a sample.

What is buoyancy?

Buoyancy is the tendency or capacity to remain afloat in a liquid or rise in air or gas. Buoyant objects have a lower density than the liquid or gas they are in. For example a blimp has a lower density than air and wood has lower density than water. That is why wood floats on water and blimps rise in the air.

What is density?

Density is the ratio of mass to volume in metric system. you can also think of that as the mass of 1 cubic centimeter of anything. The following examples will help you to understand and calculate the density.

Q. 150 cc of water is 150 grams. What is the density of water? (or the mass of 1 cc water).

A. Density of water= 150/150 = 1 g/cm³

Q. A piece of oak wood masses 35 grams and has a volume of 50 cubic centimeter. What is the density of oak wood?

A. The density of oak = 35g / 50cm³ = 0.70 g/cm³

Q. A piece of iron masses 157 grams and has a volume of 20 cm3. What is the density of iron?

A. The density of iron = 157g / 20cm³ = 7.85 g/cm³

To find the density of any object, you need to know the Mass (grams) of the object, and its Volume (measured in mL or cm³). Divide the mass by the volume in order to get an object’s Density .

Please note that cc (cubic centimeter, cm³) and ml (milliliter) are the same volumes; however, ml is only used for liquids while cc is used both for solids and liquids.

How does the egg density compare to water?

Eggs normally sink in water. In other words an egg has a higher density than water. The density of pure water is 1. This means that one milliliter of water weights one gram. The density of an egg is slightly more than one. So one milliliter of an egg is heavier than one gram. If we want to have an egg to float in water, we must increase waters density. To do this we can dissolve some salt or sugar or any other water soluble substance that has a higher density into the water. For example, since salt has a higher density than water, salt water has a higher density than pure water.

Followings are properties of table salt (Na Cl, Sodium Chloride).

Salt Properties:

• Crystals or white crystalline powder
• Transparent and colorless in crystalline form, rather like ice Crystallizes in the isometric system, usually in the form of cubes Soluble in water (35.6g/100g at 0°C and 39.2g/100g at 100°) Slightly soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid
• Melts at 801°C and begins to vaporize at temperatures just slightly above this
• boiling point 1,413°C
• Hardness of 2.5 on the MHo scale of hardness
• Specific gravity of 2.165
• Non combustible – Low toxicity
• Hygroscopic – absorbs moisture from damp atmospheres above 75% relative humidity.

As you see the density of salt is 2.165 which is more than double the density of water.

Applications of Buoyancy: One of the useful applications of buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle are to the experimental determination of density. ( See how )

Buoyancy has many industrial applications. By knowing and understanding buoyancy you can sink and float the material as you wish. You can do this just by changing the density of liquid. This method is especially used for separation of minerals. For example most copper ores have only about 2% copper and copper compound in them is mixed with lots of soil. Buoyancy is used to bring the copper ore to the surface where it will be separated.

Buoyancy is also the main factor in the following:

• Ice on a lake
• Swim bladders in fish
• Scuba divers
• Aquatic plants (such as water hyacinth)

Floatation is also a mineral separation process, which takes place in a water-mineral slurry. In this method the difference in density is used to separate the pure minerals from unwanted soil that has a different density.

Question/ Purpose:

What do you want to find out? Write a statement that describes what you want to do. Use your observations and questions to write the statement. Following are some sample questions/ purposes for this project.

The purpose of this project is to understand the effect of salt on the density of water and floatation of objects. The main question for this project is:

How does the amount of salt in water affect the floatation of egg? (Experiment 2)

Some other related questions are:

• Does the size of an egg affect its ability to float?
• Does the color of egg affect its ability to float?
• Does the size of a glass jar filled with water affect the ability of egg to float?

Need a problem statement? This is a sample:

Materials may sink or float in water depending on their density. We need to have some control on this condition and be able to sink or float them as we need. This is especially important for us when we are separating a few different materials and we want some of them sink and some others float.

Note: This method of separation is already being used to separate minerals from each other and metals from soil. It is also used in recycling where plastics, papers and metals must be separated from each other.

How to measure the density of liquids?

To measure the density of any liquid (like water, saltwater, orange juice, alcohol,..) you will need 2 things. First you need a measuring tool to precisely measure the volume of liquid in milliliters. Then you need a balance scale or gram scale to measure the mass of the liquid in grams. (Mass is the same as weight at sea level. In reality balance scales measure mass, not weight). When you have these two values, then you divide the weight by volume. The result will be the density. For example if 50mL of liquid weights 53 grams, then the density is 53/50=1.06 g/ml.

To measure the volume of the liquid you may use a graduated cylinder, a graduated burette or a graduated pipette. For example if you have a 10mL pipette, you can fill it up to the 10mL marking and transfer the liquid to a cup or weighing dish. If you need 50ml you can repeat that 5 times.

How to make a 5% saltwater?

Weight 5 grams of salt and transfer it to a 100 ml graduated cylinder. Then add water up to the 100ml marking. Swirl the cylinder until the salt is fully dissolved.

Instead of a 100 mL graduated cylinder you can use any other measuring cup or beaker as long as it is marked for 100mL capacity.

With the same method you can make any other concentration of saltwater. For example if you start with 7 grams of salt and add water up to the 100mL marking, then your solution will be a 7% solution.

You can also increase the solute (salt) and solvent (water) at any ratio. For example in our 5% saltwater example you could use 50 grams of salt and add water up to the 1000mL marking.

Identify Variables:

When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. If you change more than one at a time, you will not know what variable is causing your observation. Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. At first, try to choose variables that you think act independently of each other. This is how you define the variables for the main question of this project (tested in experiment 2)

The independent variable (the one that we set; also known as manipulated variable) is the amount of salt in water.

The dependent variable (also known as responding variable) is the status of the egg in water (sink, submerge, float).

The control variable is water temperature. (We control the temperature because variations in temperature may cause variations in the density of water. Make sure all water or saltwater you use are at room temperature, and do all experiments in the same day and in the same room.)

Another way of defining the dependent variable is :

The dependent variable (also known as responding variable) is the density of salt-water.

Hypothesis:

Based on your gathered information, make an educated guess about what types of things affect the system you are working with. Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis.

Following is a sample hypothesis for the above question.

Since the density of salt is more than the density of water, adding salt to water will increase the density of the mixture (solution). If the density of water becomes more than the density of the egg, then the egg will float. (Experiment 2)

Experiment Design:

Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. Make a step-by-step list of what you will do to answer each question. This list is called an experimental procedure. For an experiment to give answers you can trust, it must have a “control.” A control is an additional experimental trial or run. It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. The only difference is that no experimental variables are changed. A control is a neutral “reference point” for comparison that allows you to see what changing a variable does by comparing it to not changing anything. Dependable controls are sometimes very hard to develop. They can be the hardest part of a project. Without a control you cannot be sure that changing the variable causes your observations. A series of experiments that includes a control is called a “controlled experiment.”

Experiment 1: What is the density of egg?

Introduction: The density of pure water is 1. In other words the weight of 1ml water is 1 gram (ml=milliliter=1:1000 Liter) . Objects with a density of less than 1 will float on the water. Objects with a density of more than 1 will sink to the bottom of water. In this experiment we test the density of egg.

Place a 1000ml graduated cylinder on a scale and fill it up with 200ml of pure water. Record the total weight of the cylinder and water.

Carefully place an egg in the cylinder. Record the volume increase and weight increase.

Divide the weight increase by volume increase to find out the density of the egg.

In one experiment, the volume of the egg was 51ml and the weight was 57 grams. So the density of egg will be calculated as: Density of egg=57 : 51 = 1.176 g/cc

cc means cubic centimeter. cc is the same as milliliter.

What is the density of your egg?

Experiment 2: How much salt will it take to make an egg float ?

This is the main experiment for this project

Introduction:

In order to find the salt concentration that floats the egg, status of an egg in water samples with different amounts of salt can be examined.

For this experiment you will need:

• A plastic or glass jar,
• A measuring cup or graduated cylinder to measure the amount of water
• A gram scale to weigh the salt. Gram scale is a scale that can measure in grams. (Also see the Materials and Equipments section in this project guide)
• Fill 2/3rd of a clear plastic or glass jar with water. Measure and record the amount of water that you are using for this experiment. You will need either the volume or the mass (weight) of water.
• Carefully place an egg at the bottom of that jar. Egg will simply sink and remain at the bottom.
• Prepare some salt. For every 1000 grams of water (one liter), have about 500 grams salt. The salt that you are using must be in the form of fine crystals or powder so it can dissolve easily. Record the mass of salt that you are starting with.
• Start adding some salt and stir the solution carefully.
• Continue that until the egg starts to rise. Measure the amount of salt that is left over and use that to calculate the amount of salt that is used. (Subtract remaining amount from initial amount)
• Use the amount of water and the amount of salt that is used to calculate the concentration of salt water that can float an egg.

Concentration=(mass of salt)/(mass of salt + mass of water)

In other words first you add the mass of salt and the mass of water to calculate the total mass. You will then divide the mass of salt by total mass of salt water.

Need a Control Group?

Place a similar egg in another container of water, but don’t add any salt to that. That will be your control group. You will observe that the egg in the control group does not float, so you will be sure that the floatation of egg in your experimental container is due to the added salt.

Need a Data Table or Results Table?

The result of this experiment is one single value, so you will not need a data table. If you need a data table for your project, you can repeat your experiment 3 or 4 times and enter the results in a table. For example you may get a small white egg, a large white egg, a small brown egg, and a large brown egg. Try the experiment with each of these eggs and write the results in a table like this:

Make a bar graph:

You can use a bar graph to visually present the results in the above table. Make one vertical bar for each type of egg you try. Write the name or the type of egg under each bar. The height of each bar will represent the salt concentration that floated that egg. For example make a 21 cm tall bar to show the concentration of 21%.

This is a common question asked about this experiment:

1. How much salt will it take to make an egg float?

2. What’s my controls?

1. We don’t provide results. Keep adding salt until the egg floats. Keep track of the amount of salt you are adding.

2. Control is another container of water and egg that you do nothing with that. In other words you don’t add any salt. In this way when the egg starts to rise in the container that you are adding salt, you can be positive that adding salt caused the egg to rise, not an unknown environmental condition.

Experiment 3: How does salt affect the density of water?

In this experiment you will measure the density of water without salt and with different amounts of salt. (If you need a graph for your science project, this is the experiment that you need to do.)

For this experiment you need a metric scale that measures grams. You will also need a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of salt water.

Make different salt solutions starting from 1% (By weight or by volume; you choose!) salt and go up to 25% salt.

For each solution measure the density and record it in your results table.

To measure the density, measure the weight and the volume of the water and then divide the weight by volume. (Measure the weight in grams and measure the volume in milliliters or cubic centimeters).

Your results table may look like this:

How to make a 5% by weight salt solution? To make a 5% solution, you weight 5 grams of salt and then add water to that to make it 100 grams.

If you are good in math, you can also calculate the density of different salt solutions.

If you want to measure it and you don’t have much time, just measure the density of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% salt solutions. Since the graph is linear (Straight line), it makes no difference how many different salt solutions you test.

You use the above table to make a graph. In the graph, you mark the point that the density of solution is the same as the density of egg. That is where the egg can remain submerged without sinking to the bottom or floating on the top.

This is a sample graph that shows the relation between the concentration of salt and the density of saltwater.

Materials and Equipment:

Material used for this project may vary based on the experiments that you choose and the equipment that are available to you. Following are a list of material and equipment used in the above experiments:

• 3 fresh (uncooked) eggs
• a bag of salt (2 lbs). Buy kosher salt or cooking salt from a local grocery store. water
• three beakers or any other clear jar
• 500 ML graduated cylinder MiniScience Part#AS2203
• Balance scale (gram scale). It is used to weigh the eggs.

See samples of balance scale at MiniScience.com or klk.com

If you cannot obtain a scale:

If you cannot obtain a scale for your experiments, you may try to use a measuring scoop instead. The results will not be very accurate if you use measuring scoops; however, they are good enough for you to complete your project. Make sure to write about your measuring method in your report in order to explain inaccuracy of results. To convert scoops to gram, use the following:

• 1/4 teaspoon tablesalt is almost 1.5 grams.
• One teaspoon tablesalt is almost 6 grams.
• One tablespoon tablesalt is almost 20 grams.

Results of Experiment (Observation):

Egg easily sinks in a drinking water (Right beaker) , but it floats in a concentrated salt water (Middle beaker) . We were also able to make a salty water that keeps the egg submerged (Left beaker) .

For the purpose of display, prepare three deferent jars. First jar will have pure water, Second jar will have saturated salt water and the third jar will have a salt water that has the same density of egg so the egg will remain in the middle.

When the density of the water is exactly the same as the density of egg, it would be difficult to make the egg stay in the middle. It may sometimes come up and sometimes go down. In the above picture, in order to force the left egg to stay in the middle, we filled 1/2 of the jar with saturated salt water. Then we added some pure water to the top of that without steering. Egg will sink in the top half and will stop as soon as it gets to the saturated salt water.

Calculations:

While you add salt to the water, record and calculate the amounts of water and salt for every condition. To do that, first add the mass of water to the mass of salt. For example if you used 700 grams of water and 150 grams of salt, the total is 850. This will be the total mass of the solution.

Then divide the mass of salt by the total mass of the solution. In this case you divide 150 by 850 and the results is 0.18 (or 18%). With this result you may conclude that salt water with concentration of 18% or more can float a fresh egg.

Numbers provided in this example are not real experiment results.

Summary of Results:

Summarize what happened. This can be in the form of a table of processed numerical data, or graphs. It could also be a written statement of what occurred during experiments.

It is from calculations using recorded data that tables and graphs are made. Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. These conclusions help us confirm or deny our original hypothesis. Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. These equations allow us to predict how a change will affect the system without the need to do additional experiments. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.

Conclusion:

Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. Is your hypothesis correct? Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. In your conclusion you must write how much salt and how much water are required in order for an egg to float.

Related Questions & Answers:

What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. Many questions are related. Several new questions may have occurred to you while doing experiments. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested.

Following are samples of related questions:

• Can floatation experiment be performed with other materials such as beans and seeds and minerals?
• Can floatation be used as a separation method? (Can you separate sands from seeds or beans with this method?)

Possible Errors:

The temperature of water also effects its density. Warmer water has less density than cold water. The salt that you buy may not be pure salt. Salt manufacturers normally add other materials to the salt to absorb moisture. If your salt water appeared to be milky, leave it for a few hours until the white milky material added to the salt will precipitate. Then carefully transfer the clear salt solution to a new jar.

References:

Visit your local library and find some physics books with discussions in “Liquids”, “Density” and “Buoyancy”.

Following are some web resources:

http://www.iit.edu/~smile/ph9708.html

The Buoyancy Experiment

http://www.gpc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/Earth&Space/buoyancy.html

Q: Why you have used three different size of beakers shown in the picture? A: That is what we had available, but size of beaker or container has no effect on results.

Q: Where can I find, or what could be a substitute for the 500ml graduated cylinder and the balance scale (gram scale)?

A: You have many choices. Online they are available at MiniScience.com and other scientific suppliers. Locally, you may have a scientific supplier or photography supplier or teachers store that sell these. Balance scale is also available as kitchen supplies and in some pharmacies. Use a balance scale with precision of 0.1 gram or better.

Q: what is the problem statement of this project ?

A: This project does not have a problem statement. Instead it has a purpose. You can make up a problem statement if you wish. Any problem that is caused by low density of water can be used as the problem statement for this project. For example one problem is that many children each year drown in pools. Can adding salt to the pool increase buoyancy and reduce drowning? Is it better to fill up the swimming pool with fresh water or salty seawater?

Q: who is the first person to experiment egg buoyancy?

A: There are billions of objects in the world and egg is just one of them. No one will waste time to record who first did the buoyancy test in every one of these objects. Even if they do, it might be wrong. Buoyancy tests have been performed in many different seeds, many woods, plastics, metals, and minerals.

Q: What is the value of the project to society.?

A: The society benefits from the products that are made, filtered or improved by buoyancy method. Buoyancy is used to separate copper minerals, Zinc minerals and many others. It can also be used to clean seeds and beans from sand and other plant parts.

Q: How your findings can be used?

A: Your findings may be used to float eggs, beans or other materials with the purpose of separation and cleaning.

Q: I am having problems coming up with a good Hypothesis for this project the teacher wants my child to use the word buoyancy in her Hypothesis. How would I rewrite the problem statement and formulate a hypothesis based on what I have researched.

Problem: …………. Hypothesis: IF ……. Then …….. Because ……….

We are working with the experiment number 2 where would I find a gram scale.

A: Possible problem: We need to separate the eggs from stones by floatation. Possible Hypothesis: IF we add salt to the water THEN the buoyancy force of water will increase BECAUSE the density of salt is more than the density of water.

Gram scales are sold online and in some electronic stores and office suppliers.

It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience.

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Science Project

Floating Egg Experiment

Will an egg float in fresh or salt water.

Will an egg float in fresh or salt water? The Floating Egg Experiment is an easy hands-on investigation that can be done in your own kitchen! I have used this lab before as a class demonstration, group lab investigation, and with my own kids at home. There are several science terms and concepts that can be taught in this experiment including density, solutions, mixtures, saturation, concentration, mass, and the list goes on. Scroll to the bottom to download your own Floating Egg Experiment Lab Sheet!

*Don’t miss out on the Salt Water Density Lab featuring a free observation lab sheet too! And be sure to check out all of our  FREE Science Resources including our  Labs & Experiments !

As a Christian Book and Amazon affiliate, we may earn commissions from qualifying purchases. Thank you for your support. As always, we only recommend items that we truly feel will benefit your homeschooling experience. We appreciate it.

Floating Egg Experiment Introduction

Before conducting the experiment, there are a few things you should cover with your students to create a meaningful learning experience. First, spend time talking about the terms below. We discuss the meaning of salinity and a homogeneous mixture amongst other concepts. Since this investigation is demonstrating the difference in density between salt water (oceans) and fresh water (rivers, lakes, ice), it works well with our Water Distribution Unit .

Important Terms and Facts

– Salinity  describes the amount of salt dissolved in water. Saline water is water with salt dissolved in it. 

– A homogeneous mixture  is a type of mixture where a solute (salt) is dissolved into a solvent (water). This type of homogeneous mixture is called a solution . 

– Density is the amount of mass in volume. Volume is the amount of space something takes up. 

– Buoyancy is a force on an object making that object rise or move forward.

Floating Egg Experiment Lab Sheets

Write hypothesis.

Once you have introduced the key terms in the Floating Egg Experiment, make sure the students are given the following facts and the FREE FLOATING EGG EXPERIMENT LAB SHEETS.

• Water has a density of 1 g/mL (g/cm3).
• Objects will float in water if their density is less than 1 g/mL.
• Lastly, objects will sink in water if their density is greater than 1 g/mL.

After giving your students this information, guide them to write a hypothesis for the posing question, “Will an egg float in salt or fresh water?”

For example, their hypothesis could read like this:

If I add 1 TBSP of salt to every ½ cup of fresh water, a raw egg _____________________________ float.

Students will plug in the words, “will” or “will not,” in the blank of the hypothesis.

Identify Variables

Identifying variables in an experiment is something that takes most students practice. It is a good idea to continuously review the following terms. Check out our  Scientific Method unit to get more practice.

Manipulated Variable – variable that is different in the experiment. It is the thing that is manipulated. *In this case, the manipulated variable is the amount of salt added to the water.

Responding Variable – variable that is being tested. It responds to the manipulated variable. *Hence, if the egg floats or not. 

Controlled Variable – variable(s) in the experiment that do not change or remain the same. *In this lab, the glasses and raw egg are the controlled variables. 

Review the experiment before conducting...

For you teachers, it is always advisable to try an experiment out first to ensure that it works the way it is supposed to. There is nothing worse than demonstrating in front of a group of students for an experiment to flop! It has happened to the best of us… yes, it has happened to me! Watch this video I found on YouTube to get a step by step of the experiment. It is pretty easy to demonstrate. 

I have used this experiment for years with the exception of the salt water with the fresh water on top. That aspect of the experiment was new to me. So, I too tried this at home before showing it to my students. *I wonder if it will work with glasses that aren’t quite so narrow at the bottom? Let’s see…

Gather Materials

The materials list is likely to all be found within your kitchen. I love experiments that do not require a tricky supply list. So, gather 3 raw eggs, water, salt, a spoon, 3 clear glasses, and a measuring cup and tablespoon come in handy.

Fresh Water first and then Salt Water

I always start demonstrating the egg sinking in the fresh water first. Next, you will show how adding salt to the fresh water will change its density. Thus, the egg will now float in the denser salt water. In the Egg Floating Experiment, I use 1 tablespoon of salt per 1/2 cup of water. This enables the students to measure more precisely. Some kids need the restrictions.

*On their lab sheets, students will draw and record observations and make conclusions.

Extended Learning...

This aspect of the Floating Egg Experiment is a new for me. I never did this in years past, but what a great addition. You can choose to demonstrate this last glass or the students can continue to follow the procedures on their lab sheet. In the end, take the time to talk about the science behind this experiment. This is where the science comes all together!

What's the Science behind it?

It’s very important that before, during, and after an experiment that you are explaining the science behind the experiment. If you skip this step, then the lab becomes merely a fun hands-on activity with no real science connections. The experiments are meant to help the students get past the surface and begin to soak in the abstract and unseen science behind it.

Glass #1 – The egg sunk to the bottom in glass #1 because the egg is more dense than the water. Hence, the egg has more mass in its volume than the water does. 

Glass #2 – The egg floats in salt water because the salt water is more dense than the egg. This means that the salt water has more mass in its volume than the egg does. The salt adds mass to the volume of the water creating a more dense liquid.

Glass #3 – When the egg is put in the cup, the glass is only half full with a mixture of salt and water. This causes the egg to float in the salt water instead of sinking. When plain water is added to the salt water, the egg remains in the middle of the glass because of density. The plain water is the least dense, then the egg, and the most dense is the salt water at the bottom of the glass.  

*When the floating eggs are pushed into the salt water, the eggs float right back up to the top of the salt water. This is due to buoyancy. The force of the salt water causes the egg to rise back up. 

DOWNLOAD FLOATING EGG EXPERIMENT LAB SHEETS

Check out these other free resources.

John 4:14  – But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life.

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How Much Salt Does it Take to Make an Egg Float in Water?

How Does Salt Water Make an Egg Float?

What is density.

Density is technically defined as the mass of an object divided by its volume. Essentially, it is a measure of how tightly packed the molecular structure of an object is. Density is why a cubic inch of lead will weigh more than a cubic inch of helium, and density is why certain objects will float and others will sink in water.

What is Buoyancy?

Buoyancy is formally laid out in the Archimedes principle, which says that "an object is immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object." What this means is that in order for an object to float in any liquid, the weight of the volume of the liquid displaced by the object must be greater than the weight of the object itself.

What Will Make an Egg Float in Water?

Water has a density of one. To determine the density of the egg, we would have to first weigh the egg. Then, if we put the egg in a graduated cylinder filled with water and measured the amount of water displaced, we can find its exact volume. By dividing the mass by the volume we can find the density. The density of the average egg will be slightly greater than that of water, so it will sink. To make the egg float, we have to make the water more dense by adding salt. For 1 cup of water, adding 3 tbsp. of salt should be about enough to make the egg float.

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• New York University: Density

About the Author

Aaron Koenigsberg is a graduate of The George Washington University with a degree in economics. He primarily contributes articles on his areas of expertise, video games and math, but also branches out into areas of interest such as science and cooking. He has published mainly on eHow and has been writing since 2009.

Photo Credits

Egg image by Andrei Leczfalvi from Fotolia.com

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How salty does the sea have to be for an egg to float.

Try this eggs-periment to learn why some objects float in the ocean while others sink

Which glass holds the salty water? This activity will help you figure it out.

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• Google Classroom

By Science Buddies

January 24, 2023 at 6:30 am

Objective : Determine what salt concentration will float an egg

Areas of science : Ocean sciences

Difficulty : Intermediate/Easy

Time required : ≤ 1 day

Prerequisites : None

Material availability : Readily available

Cost : Very low (under $20)

Safety : Always wash your hands after handling uncooked eggs because they may carry  Salmonella .

Credits : Andrew Olson, PhD, Science Buddies; Sandra Slutz, PhD, Science Buddies

Did you know that if you put an egg in a cup of tap water, it will sink to the bottom? But, if you add enough salt, the egg will float back up to the surface! Why? Because the density of the egg is higher than the density of tap water, so it sinks. 

Density (ρ),  as shown in Equation 1, is the  mass (m)  of a material per unit  volume (v).  For example, the density of freshwater under standard conditions is approximately 1 gram (g) per cubic centimeter (cm 3 ). In other words, if you filled a 1-cm x 1-cm x 1-cm box with freshwater, the water inside the box would have a mass of 1 g.

Adding salt to the water increases the density of the water, because the salt increases the mass without changing the volume very much. With enough added salt, the saltwater solution density is higher than the egg’s, and the egg will then float, as shown in Figure 1. The ability of something, like the egg, to float in water or some other liquid is known as  buoyancy .

Equation 1:

ρ  = Density in whatever units are used for mass and volume. m  = Mass in grams (g), kilograms (kg), or any other unit of weight. v  = Volume in centimeters cubed (cm 3 ), meters cubed (m 3 ), or any other unit of volume.

But just how much salt is needed to make an egg float? In this science fair project, you will figure that out by placing an egg in cups with different salt  concentrations . The concentration of a solution tells you how much of a compound is in a certain volume of a mixture.

In chemistry, the  mass concentration  is one way of expressing the concentration of a solution. The mass concentration is defined as the mass of a compound (in grams) in a certain solvent volume (in liters) and has the unit grams per liter (g/L). For example, in a solution with 750 grams of salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) in 1.5 liters of water, the mass concentration of salt is 750 g/1.5 L = 500 g/L.

In this project, you will be using the technique of making serial dilutions to create solutions with different salt concentrations. A  serial dilution  is a method for accurately diluting a solution in regular steps. You add a known amount of your starting, or  stock,  solution to a known amount of water and mix them. This process is called dilution. Diluting a solution means adding additional solvent (water in this project) to decrease the solution’s concentration. The new concentration of the diluted solution can be calculated using Equation 2.

Equation 2:

Here is an example calculation. Let’s say you have a salt solution with a mass concentration of 500 g/L. You dilute this solution by mixing 0.25 L of that salt solution with 0.25 L of water. This brings the total volume of your dilution to 0.5 liters (0.25 L + 0.25 L). To calculate the mass concentration of salt in the diluted salt solution you use Equation 2:

Solving the equation tells you that your dilution has a salt concentration of 250 g/L, which is half of your stock solution.

As a general rule, if the volume of stock solution and the volume of solvent (water) for your dilution are equal, you will be diluting the solution by half. This is called a  two-fold  dilution. A two-fold dilution means that with each dilution step, the new concentration of the dilution should be 50 percent of the original concentration.

If you want bigger steps, you should use relatively more water; if you want smaller steps, you should use relatively less water. By repeating the process, you can make a whole series of dilutions, which is how the method got its name. In this ocean science project, you will start out using two-fold dilutions to find out how much salt will cause an egg to float.

Terms and concepts

• Serial dilution
• Mass concentration
• Relative concentration
• Absolute concentration
• Why would an egg float in water with a lot of salt in it, but not in plain tap water?
• What happens to salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) molecules when dissolved in water?
• Why does adding salt to water increase its density?

Materials and equipment

• Permanent marker
• Table salt (1 cup)
• Measuring cup, liquid
• Large container, such as a large bowl or cooking pot. Must be able to hold at least five cups.
• Spoon for stirring
• Bag of clear 16-oz plastic cups
• Soup spoon for egg transfer
• Lab notebook

Experimental Procedure 

• Science Made Simple, Inc. (n.d.).  Metric conversions & US customary unit conversion calculator .  Retrieved April 15, 2013.
• Take five eggs out of the refrigerator, use a permanent marker to label them 1-5, and allow them to warm to room temperature.
• Pour 3 cups of water into your large container.
• Add 1 cup of salt.
• Stir to dissolve some of the salt. It will not all dissolve yet.
• Add 2 more cups of water.
• This may take several (5 to 10) minutes of stirring, so you may need to be patient.
• Label five of the plastic cups 1-5. Cup 1 will be for the stock solution, cups 2-4 will be for the dilutions, and Cup 5 will be plain tap water.
• Add 3/4 cup of your stock salt solution to Cup 1.
• Add 3/4 cup plain tap water to cups 2-5.
• Measure out 3/4 cup stock solution, and add it to Cup 2. Mix.
• Measure out 3/4 cup of the solution from Cup 2 and add it to Cup 3. Mix.
• Measure out 3/4 cup of the solution from Cup 3 and add it to Cup 4. Mix.
• What are the  absolute mass concentrations  of salt in cups 1-4? (To calculate with metric units, use these conversions: 1 cup of salt is 292 grams [g], 1 cup of water is 237 milliliters [mL], and 3/4 cup of stock solution is 177.75 milliliters [mL]). Write these concentrations down in your lab notebook. Review the Introduction section if you need help with your calculations.
• What are the  relative salt concentrations  in cups 2-4 compared to the original stock solution? Use the absolute mass concentrations that you calculated in the previous step for your calculations.  Example : Let’s assume that the original stock solution in Cup 1 has a salt concentration of 500 g/L. Cup 3 has a salt concentration of 125 g/L. The relative salt concentration can be calculated as the ratio of 125 g/L / 500 g/L, which is 0.25. Expressed as a percentage, this would be 25%. Therefore, Cup 3 has a relative salt concentration of 25% compared to Cup 1.
• Now, starting with Cup 5 and working your way up, test an egg in each solution to see if it will float. Use a soup spoon to lift the egg in and out of the cups.
• Be sure to record your results and observations in your lab notebook, including the egg’s number.
• Repeat steps 5-6 with four other eggs.
• Now you know, within a factor of 2, how much salt it takes to float an egg. How can you narrow down the range further to get a more precise estimate? By doing another serial dilution, of course.
• Figure out a new serial dilution with smaller steps. For example, you could try diluting the solution by 25 percent with each step. That means with each step, the new concentration should be 75 percent of the original concentration.
• Remember that you will need enough solution to more than cover the egg, which will probably be around 3/4 cup, and you probably cannot fit more than 2 cups of solution in each 16-oz cup.
• Hint:  You may only be able to test the first few cups in a dilution series at a time unless you use larger cups.
• Tip:  If you need additional help for making serial dilutions, check out the serial dilutions resource in the Bibliography in the Background section.
• Write up your new dilution procedure in your lab notebook, including the calculated relative and absolute salt concentrations for each cup.
• Make the new dilution series. Remember to start with the salt concentration where the egg first floated. (If you do not have enough solution from the original serial dilution, make some more by starting from the stock solution.)
• Repeat this step with the four other eggs.
• When you are done handling the eggs, wash your hands with soap and warm water. It is important to wash your hands after handling uncooked eggs because they may carry  Salmonella .
• Hint:  If the density of the saltwater is less than the egg’s density, the egg will sink, and if the density of the saltwater is greater than the egg’s density, the egg will float. So the density of the egg would be between these two absolute salt densities.
• Plot the densities for all five eggs on a chart, putting the egg’s number on the x-axis and its density on the y-axis. What is the density of the eggs? How much variation in density is there from egg to egg?
• Does a hard-boiled egg float at the same salt concentration as an uncooked one? Hint: You will need to measure the same egg before and after hard boiling and be very precise about your serial dilutions.
• Find out how much salt there is in sea water. From the results of your experiment, predict whether an egg would float or sink in sea water. (If you live close enough to the ocean, you can get collect some sea water and test your prediction!)
• Figure out another method of determining the density of an egg. Compare the density measurements for the same eggs using your method and this salt water float test.

This activity is brought to you in partnership with  Science Buddies . Find the original activity on the Science Buddies website.

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Science Fun

Floating Egg

• Salt (1 – 2 cups)
• A tall drinking glass

Instructions:

1. Pour water into the glass until it is about half full. 2. Place an egg in the glass of water and see if it sinks or floats (it should sink). 2. Stir in lots of salt. Start with 1 tablespoon and stir it until the salt dissolves. Keep adding more salt until the egg floats. 3. Next, carefully pour more fresh water until the glass is nearly full (be careful to not disturb or mix the salty water with the plain water). If you’re very careful, you can get the egg to float between the fresh and saltwater!

VIDEO COMING SOON BUT YOU CAN STILL ENJOY THESE AWESOME EXPERIMENTS!

How It Works:

The egg is denser than the fresh water (more molecules per square inch), this causes it to sink.  When you start dissolving salt in the water, this is increasing the density (adding more molecules per square inch).  Eventually the water becomes denser than the egg causing the egg to float.  When you carefully add fresh water again, this fresh water is less dense than the salt water so it floats right on top!

Extra Experiments:

Are there other liquids you can add to make the egg sink or float? What else can you dissolve in the water to make the egg float?

EXPLORE TONS OF FUN AND EASY SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS!

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Family-Style Homeschooling

Floating Eggs Experiment About Density

This exploration is for all ages, as the colored smilies show. You can do the floating eggs experiment with your whole family together!

The floating eggs is a physics experiment from Layers of Learning Unit 1-8 about fluids. Layers of Learning has hands-on experiments in every unit of this family-friendly curriculum. Learn more about Layers of Learning .

Density is how many molecules are packed into a space. The more molecules packed in, the more dense a substance is.

When salt is dissolved in water, it breaks down into ions that are attracted to the water molecules.  This attraction causes them to bind tightly, increasing the amount of matter per volume (density).  Instead of just having hydrogen and oxygen molecules in the water, sodium and chlorine joins in too(salt or NaCl).  Salt water now has more particles in it compared to the plain tap water we started with; in other words, it’s more dense.

Step 1: Library Research

Before you begin exploring, read a book or two about density. Here are some suggestions, but if you can’t find these, look for books at your library about fluids or density. The colored smilies above each book tell you what age level they’re recommended for.

As Amazon affiliates, the recommended books and products below kick back a tiny percentage of your purchase to us. It doesn’t affect your cost and it helps us run our website. We thank you!

Things That Float and Things That Don’t

by David A. Adler

Fluid Mechanics: A Fairy Tale

by Sarah Allen

Liquids and Gases: Principles of Fluid Mechanics

by Paul Fleisher

Step 2: Floating Eggs Experiment

You will need three clear cups or beakers, three eggs, water, and table salt. You can also use food coloring to make things brighter if you like.

First, carefully put an egg into a glass of warm water. If you like you can add food coloring to the glass of water just to make it prettier. The egg will sink because it is more dense than the water.

Next, make a saturated solution of salt and warm water.  Stir salt in until you can’t stir in any more. When the salt is dissolved, put an egg in the salt water.   You’ll see the egg rise to the very top because the egg is less dense than salt water.  (That’s the middle glass in the picture.)

Finally, try a cool trick.   Make the egg float in the middle of the water.  Put warm salt water on the bottom (about 2/3 full). Then slowly and carefully pour in plain water on top. Gently put the egg in and watch it float between the 2 layers–above the salt water and below the plain water.

For Middle Grades and High School Only

To do the more advanced parts of this experiment, in addition to the above materials you will also need a scale and a beaker, which can measure liquid in milliliters.

For kids from about 10 years old and up you can also calculate the density of the eggs, the plain water, and the salt water. Before you do the calculations ask your kids to put the egg, plain water, and salt water in order from least dense to most dense according to the experiment you did above.

The equation to calculate density is mass divided by volume. Mass is measured in grams (g) and volume in milliliters (mL).

Density = mass/volume

So you need to measure the mass and the volume of the egg, the water, and the salt. Make a table to keep track of your calculations.

Measure the mass of the water by placing the beaker on a scale (or balance) and hitting “tare”. This will zero out the scale with the beaker on it so you are not measuring the mass of the beaker, only the mass of the water. Then pour water into the beaker to the 300 ml line. Record the mass in grams.

Measure the mass of the egg the same way. Put a container on the scale and hit “tare” then put the egg in the container and record the mass of the egg.

Do the same thing with the salt. Place a container on the scale and hit “tare” then pour salt into the cup and record the mass. For 300 ml of water you will need about 55-60 grams of salt to get a saturated solution.

The volume of the water is already recorded at 300 ml.

Find the volume of the egg by placing it in a carefully measured beaker of 300 ml of water. Note how much the water level rises and subtract 300 from the new volume to find the volume of the egg.

Measure the volume of the salt, the same way you did the egg, by adding the salt to 300 ml of water and measuring the new volume. Subtract 300 ml from the new volume.

Now start calculating

Calculate the density of the egg and the density of the water by dividing each mass by its volume.

To calculate the salt water you have to add the mass of the salt and the mass of the water. Then add the volume of the salt and the volume of the water. Then divide the added values.

Now, according to your calculations, put the egg, water, and salt water in order from least dense to most dense.

You can calculate the density of any objects in this way. Try calculating the density of a Lego block, a metal toy car, a marble, a marshmallow, an air filled balloon, or anything other small items you have around the house.

Step 3: Show What You Know

Teach what you learned about density to someone who wasn’t there for the lesson, maybe Grandma, a neighbor, or Dad, for example. Show your student how to calculate density.

Additional Layers

Additional Layers are extra activities you can do or tangents you can take off on. You will find them in the sidebars of each Layers of Learning unit . They are optional, so just choose what interests you.

Memorization Station

Memorize the definition of density.

The quantity of mass per volume.

Also be able to explain what this means.

Fabulous Fact

Specific gravity is the density of a substance compared to water. Water is assigned the specific gravity of 1. Anything more dense than water will have a specific gravity of more than 1 and anything less dense than water will have a specific gravity less than 1.

Famous Folks

The ancient Greeks were the first to mathematically determine densities, volume and so on.

There is a story (maybe true, maybe not) that Archimedes discovered how to measure the volume of irregular objects when he was taking a bath and noticed the water level rise as he got in. “Eureka!” he exclaimed, which means “I’ve found it!” in Greek.

Free Samples

Try family-style homeschooling now with free samples of four Layers of Learning units when you subscribe. You'll get to try family-style history, geography, science, and arts with your children.

You can unsubscribe any time.

3 thoughts on “Floating Eggs Experiment About Density”

THat looks like fun. Jarrett is studying cells. We put an egg in vinegar to eat away the cell wall. The cell membrane is left in to hold the egg together. We are going to put it in food coloring tonight. We will have to do the floating experiment.

We’ve done that experiment too . . . very cool!

Thank you so much for this idea! I am using it today in a lesson about shipwrecks in the oceans!

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Egg in Vinegar Experiment – Make a Rubber Egg

The egg in vinegar experiment is a fun way of learning about egg structure, chemical reactions, osmosis, and the scientific method . It’s a safe and non-toxic project, so it’s perfect for young investigators. Other names for the egg in vinegar experiment are the naked egg, rubber egg, or bouncy egg. The “naked” part is easy to understand, because you’re removing the shell from the egg using chemistry. The “rubber” or “bouncy” description implies the egg bounces rather than breaks. Does it work? You be the judge!

The Chemistry of the Egg in Vinegar Experiment

Vinegar contains acetic acid (CH 3 COOH), which is a weak acid . Egg shells are calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). Acetic acid reacts with calcium carbonate, making calcium acetate and carbon dioxide. Here is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

2 CH 3 COOH(aq) + CaCO 3 (s) → Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 (aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g)

The calcium acetate dissolves in water, while the carbon dioxide is a gas and forms bubbles. So, the egg shell dissolves and bubbles away, leaving a naked egg.

What You Do

All you need for this project is an egg, vinegar, and a cup:

• Cup large enough for the egg
• Food coloring (optional)

Use either a raw egg or hard-boiled egg. The advantage of using a raw egg is that you can see into the inside of the egg when you are done. The advantage of using a hard-boiled egg is that it bounces after pickling in the vinegar. The raw egg bounces a bit too, but if you use too much force it breaks open and makes a mess.

• Place the egg in a cup.
• Pour vinegar over the egg until it is just covered. It’s okay if the egg floats a bit. If you like, add a few drops of food coloring. After about 15 minutes, observe the bubbles forming around the egg. The bubbles are carbon dioxide gas. They form from the chemical reaction between the acetic acid in the vinegar and the calcium carbonate of the egg shell. You may also feel that the cup is slightly warm. The reaction is exothermic, meaning it gives off heat. The bubbles and temperature change are two signs of a chemical change .
• Wait a day. Also note that the liquid becomes cloudy or scummy. This is the dissolving egg shell.
• If you remove the egg after 1 day, use a spoon. Otherwise, a raw egg easily ruptures. At this point, if you remove the egg, you can easily rinse away any remaining shell. But, you get better results if you pour off the liquid and add fresh vinegar. This is especially true if you want a rubber egg or bouncy egg. Wait another day or two, giving the vinegar time to get all the way into the egg.
• Remove the egg and rinse it off using water.

Why Rotten Eggs Float in Water

Learn the scientific reason why bad eggs float in water, while good eggs sink.

Science Experiments to Try

Now that you have a rubber egg, what do you do with it?

• Examine the internal structure of the egg. This only works if you started with a raw egg and not a hard-boiled one. Identify the egg membrane, yolk, egg white (albumin), and chalaza.
• Compare the egg without its shell to a normal egg. Notice that the egg soaked in vinegar is slightly larger than the egg with its shell. Why is this? The reason is because water entered the rubber egg via osmosis . The concentration of salts, proteins, and other molecules inside the egg is greater than the concentration in the cup. The egg membrane is semipermeable. It allows the movement of water, but not larger molecules. So, the egg swells with water to try to dilute the inside of the egg so it has the same concentration and outside of the egg. Experiment : Predict what happens if you soak the rubber egg in corn syrup, salt water, or sugar water. Compare the size of this egg with a normal egg and a rubber egg. Corn syrup, salt water, or sugar water shrink the egg because the liquid is more concentrated the interior of the egg. Here, water leaves the egg via osmosis.
• Try bouncing the egg. In addition to dissolving the egg shell, vinegar also pickles the egg. It changes the conformation of protein molecules in the egg white. Because vinegar has a low pH, it also helps preserve the egg. Experiment : Compare how well a rubber egg bounces depending on whether you started with a raw egg or hard-boiled egg.

Can You Eat the Egg?

Eating an egg after soaking it in vinegar is not a great plan. First, it won’t taste great. Second, it could make you sick. If you must eat your experiment, soak a hard-boiled egg in vinegar in the refrigerator for a few days.

Does the Egg in Vinegar Smell Like Rotten Eggs?

Mostly, the egg comes out of this project smelling like vinegar. Vinegar pickles the egg, which preserves it. But, once you remove the egg from vinegar it starts decomposing. After enough time, if you break the egg, it will stink. The odor comes from hydrogen sulfide gas, which is a product of the decomposition reactions in the egg.

Of course, if you start the project with a rotten egg, all bets are off. Rupturing the membrane releases any trapped gases. Bounce these egg with care!

Related Posts

Floating Egg Science Experiment ( Using Salt, Sugar & Saline Water)

• December 10, 2020
• 10 Minute Science , 5-6 Year Olds , 7-9 Year Olds , Physics , Rainy Day Science

Hello everyone! Today we have come up with simple ‘ Floating Egg Science Experiment with a twist’ that can be done within 5-10 minutes.

My kids call it as a pre-breakfast activity. This is an easy and funny experiment to teach density for kids .

We know that some things float in the water and some others not. Do u know why the things sink in the water!? Let us learn something about floating science using eggs.

Floating Egg Experiment

This activity is a cool way to learn the concept – density! We are going to perform the experiment with four different liquids to understand the science behind floating objects in water.

We commonly see that eggs sink when we put in the water. What is the reason behind this!? Does egg sinks the same way when dropped in other liquids? We will perform a simple activity to learn the science behind it.

Try our 20+ Egg Science Experiments

Materials Required for the Activity

• Saline water (You can find saline water in any of the local pharmacies)
• Four glass jars (Either you take glass jars or beakers, make sure they are tall and wide enough to drop an egg)
• Four Raw Eggs (Ensure the eggs are not broken or given any crack to avoid the unnecessary mess with the leaky eggs during experiment)
• Fill one tall drinking glass or glass beaker about ¾ full of water.

• In the same way, fill the other glass with salt water. To prepare salt water, put 1-2 cups of salt in 500ml of water. Stir it with the spoon. That’s it. You are done with making salt water.

• Now it is second drinking glass turn! Fill it with sugar water. Prepare the sugar water same like how we made salt water in previous step.

• Saline water! Yes, we are using saline water as well to observe the floating science with eggs. Fill the fourth glass beaker with saline water.

• Finally, we have arrived to the kid’s favourite step i.e. dropping egg into the tall drinking glasses.

My younger daughter is eagerly waiting for my instructions to drop the egg in the liquids. When I said so, she carefully dropped the raw eggs into the four glasses filled with four different liquids each.

Ask your kids to observe the results that in which liquid the dropped eggs are floating or sinking.

On the initial test, we only had egg floating in the salt water. The sugar water was not dense enough to make the egg float. So we tried to add more sugar to the already prepared sugar solution.

Finally we made the egg float in the sugar water as the water is now more dense due to the added sugar.

How Does the Floating Egg Science Experiment Work?

Let us discuss the results of our experiment. The raw egg dropped in the tap water sinks immediately as soon as it is dropped. On the other hand the egg in the salt water floats.

We observe the same results with the sugar water as well. The raw egg floats nicely in sugar water as well.

How about our egg in the saline water? The egg didn’t float surprisingly in the saline water.

Now let us discuss on what made the eggs in salt & sugar water float and why the egg in normal tap water and saline water sink!?

Science behind floating egg

The egg in the glass of regular tap water sinks to the bottom because the density of egg is more compared to density of water.

Why the egg in salt water floats? When the salt is added to the water, it increases the density of the water and hence the density of the egg slowly becomes lesser than the salt water.

You are dissolving the more the salt into the water means you are increasing the density of water. The denser the liquid is the easier for the object in the water to float.

The same formula applies to the sugar water. The density of sugar water is more than the density of egg.

On the other hand, saline water is made of salt and water. However, the density of the saline water that we used seems to be lower than than egg. Thus it floated in the sugar water and sinked in the saline water.

Density is a concept dealing with how closely a substance is packed to be together.

We will compare this concept with our daily life things. For example: consider we have two bowls one is filled with salad and the other is with rice.

Both are of taken in same quantity but we feel the salad bowl is lighter than the rice bowl because the ingredients are packed tightly in the rice bowl than the salad of lettuce and vegetables which are very light in nature.

In the same way, the molecules in the salt, sugar, and saline water are packed more closely and makes the salt, sugar, and saline water denser than the water where the molecules are packed lighter thus making it less denser.

Even the egg has some density but less than the salt water and hence the egg floats in salt, sugar, and saline water.

So, when you go to swimming pool or beach or ocean, observe that you will float easily and lightly compared to salt water. The denser the liquid, the easier you will float! Amazing right!?

Experiment Extensions

Try different liquids and different substances to dissolve in the water in order to make an egg float.

Try these Density Science Experiments :

9 Layer Density Tower

Hot & Cold Water Experiment

DIY Sugar Density Rainbow

Oil, Food Color & Water – Fireworks

How to make Lava Lamp

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SCIENCE 4 FUN

Floating Eggs in Salt Water

Precaution:  Always wear safety goggles and hand gloves when dealing with chemicals. Also, take the permission from your parents for the experiment, or involve them.

Things You will Need

• Ordinary water
• Wide drinking glass
• Fill the glass with ordinary tap water.
• Place the egg in it, and watch the egg sinking to the bottom of the glass.
• Now take-out the egg from the glass and add 4 to 5 tablespoon full of salt in the water
• Stir the water in the glass to completely dissolve the salt.
• Again, place the egg back into the glass and watch the floating egg.

What is Happening?

When the egg is placed in common tap water it sinks to the bottom, because the density of water is less than the density of egg. But, when you add table salt in the tap water, its density is increased. When the density of water became higher than the density of egg, the egg floated.

Try to float an egg in the middle of the water.

To do this, follow these steps:

• Fill the glass half-way with water and add 4 tablespoons of table salt, then stir well.
• Fill a cup with ordinary tap water.
• Now, gently add the water from cup to half-filled glass so two layers of different density water don’t mix together.
• Now place the egg in the glass gently.

If two layers of water are not mixed together, the egg will float in the middle of the glass.

You Will Also Like

Use a giant cell—a de-shelled chicken egg—to explore the comings and goings of cellular substances.

• Several chicken eggs
• Large container, such as a wash basin or large bowl
• Pencil and notepaper (or similar) for recording information
• Several substances in which to soak or bury the de-shelled eggs, such as distilled water, dry salt or saltwater solutions, colored water, corn syrup, rubbing alcohol, cornstarch, or baking soda
• Containers to hold the soaking eggs
• Plastic wrap (not shown)
• Masking tape and marker for labeling containers
• Optional: nitrile or latex gloves for handling eggs, glass jars or other small objects to hold down floating eggs

• Determine the treatments you’ll be using on your eggs, and prepare the substances you’ll need. You can make salt-water solutions by dissolving different amounts of table salt in containers of water (e.g. 100g, 200g, 300g of salt (NaCl) per liter). You can make solutions of food coloring by adding a few drops of each color into containers of water. Remember to label your containers as you work.

Use a scale to find the mass of each de-shelled egg before treatment. Record the result on notepaper.

Place one egg in a labeled container and cover it with your chosen treatment. (If the egg floats, you may use something to hold it down, such as a glass jar; see photo below.) Repeat for each of the remaining treatments. Be sure to set aside an untreated "control" egg. After taking its mass, cover the control egg with plastic wrap, and set it in a container alongside the treatment eggs.

Place the treatment containers somewhere they can sit for at least a day at room temperature. Observe any changes that occur in the eggs during the first hour or so of soaking and record your observations.

Observe any changes in the color, size, or shape of your experimental eggs. Record your observations. Then, gently remove your sample eggs from their treatments to measure and record the mass of each one (see photo below). Remove the plastic wrap from the control egg and measure its mass too. Calculate the percentage change in mass for each egg by dividing the final mass by the starting mass and multiplying by one hundred percent.

In a separate bowl, carefully dissect the egg by piercing the membrane. Record your observations.

How did each egg change? Did its mass increase or decrease? Do you see anything in common with the treatments that enlarged the eggs? Which treatments made the eggs shrink, and which did not?

In general, the most dramatic changes to the mass, color, and shape of the eggs will occur within the first 24 hours of the experiment. Eggs submerged in corn syrup will have lost considerable mass and have the appearance of flabby sacks. Eggs soaked in distilled water will gain mass and appear dramatically swollen. Eggs in dilute salt solutions will gain mass, and even those in very concentrated solutions might gain mass. Eggs buried in salt or other dry media should lose mass.

The de-shelled eggs serve as good models of human cells. After the eggshell is removed, a thin membrane (actually, two membranes held tightly together) remains. This membrane, like those in human cells, is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

Substances that can pass easily through the membrane of the egg will follow the principles of diffusion. They will move through the membrane from the side where they are at a higher concentration to the side where they are at a lower concentration (click to enlarge the diagram below). This movement will continue until the concentration on both sides is the same. While random molecular motion will cause individual molecules to continue moving back and forth across the membrane, the overall concentration on each side will remain in equilibrium, with equal concentrations on both sides.

The egg’s membrane is permeable to water. Movement of a solvent (such as water) across a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one is called osmosis . When an egg is soaked in a solution that has a higher solute concentration (the relative amount of dissolved stuff) than the solute concentration inside the egg, water moves out of the egg and into the solution (see diagram below).

As a result, the egg loses mass and ends up looking deflated. An egg naturally has a lot of stuff inside, so the outside solution has to be very concentrated for this to happen. That’s the case when an egg is treated with corn syrup or buried in salt. By contrast, when an egg is treated with distilled water, or a dilute salt solution, the solute concentration is higher inside the egg than out, so the water moves into the egg, increasing its mass. It may be easier to think about osmosis in terms of water concentration rather than solute concentration. If the solute concentration is high, then the water concentration will be low by comparison.

Rubbing, or isopropyl, alcohol is at least 70% alcohol and therefore less than 30% water. This should cause water to move from the egg into the solution, and the egg should lose mass. In addition, the egg may appear white and rubbery. Alcohol that diffuses into the egg can denature the proteins, unraveling their three-dimensional structure and causing them to coagulate or join together. Egg proteins turn from translucent to white when they are denatured. In cooking, temperature is used to denature these proteins, but you may have noticed that alcohol has also "cooked" the egg and caused it to look hard-boiled.

The plasma membranes of your cells behave much like those of the egg. All of the trillions of cells in your body are like busy seaports with materials coming in and going out. Water, oxygen, and nutrients must pass through the plasma membrane into your cells, and wastes must leave. When the concentration of oxygen is higher in your lungs than it is in your blood, for example, the oxygen diffuses into red blood cells through capillary walls. Your flowing blood then transports that oxygen to your tissues. From there, the oxygen diffuses into other cells to be used in cellular respiration. Through a similar process, water in the stomach moves into the bloodstream and is then carried to the cells, where it supports a variety of essential bodily functions.

Predict what would happen if you placed the shrunken eggs in plain water overnight. Do the experiment and explain your results.

In this activity, not only can you measure how much material moved into or out of a treated egg, but you can also chemically determine whether molecules moved across the membrane. If you break the egg into a dish, or save some of the soaking solution, you can use chemical tests to see what’s there. For example, you can use Benedict’s solution to test for simple sugars, iodine to test for starch, or Biuret solution to determine whether or not protein exited the egg as it soaked.

When using this activity with large groups of students or multiple classes, have each group apply only one treatment, and then analyze the data collected from all groups. Having each small group design an experiment with one egg will allow you to do the activity with fewer eggs per class, and collecting several sets of data will enable students to identify any outliers.

This Snack is an excellent activity for introducing diffusion, osmosis, and the semipermeability of membranes and allows learners to engage in the NGSS Science and Engineering Practices. By collecting data from multiple classes, you can facilitate a discussion about what and how much data is necessary to count as evidence. Students can also use the evidence about what and how much material moves into and out of the egg to formulate a revisable model about how osmosis occurs and what might prevent or allow molecules to move through membranes. By incorporating related activities, such as the Cellular Soap Opera Snack, students can form a more complete conceptual model of the cell membrane and how molecules move along concentration gradients.

Note that it’s also important to discuss the idea that models such as this one have limitations. There are structural differences between the membranes of chicken eggs and human cells that result in differences in permeability. Some of the molecules that pass through the egg’s membrane in this activity would not pass through a human cell membrane because of their size (such as cornstarch) or their charge (such as Na + and Cl - from the salt). 

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Floating Egg Experiment

What happens when you toss a coin in water? It sinks, doesn’t it? But why does an apple float in water without sinking to the bottom? Some things float while others sink when you put them in water, because of a concept called density.

Sometimes, understanding the theory behind buoyancy and density can be difficult and confusing for little children. In such cases, performing some simple science experiments for kids like the floating egg experiment demonstrates the concept of density to the kids.

Here is a step-by-step guide to performing the floating egg experiment:

Things You Need For The Floating Egg Experiment

• Steps To Set-Up The Floating Egg Science Experiment
• The Science Behind Floating Egg Density Experiment
• You Can Do More With Floating Egg Science Experiment

The floating egg science experiment is a simple and inexpensive way to help kids understand their lessons on density. All you need are some eggs and saltwater.

Here is a list of things you’ll need to perform the experiment:

• 2 Eggs (ensure they are the freshest eggs possible)
• 2 large glasses
• 2 – 3 cups of water 

Steps To Set Up The Floating Egg Science Experiment

Ready for an egg-citing adventure? Then, follow these instructions to perform the floating egg density experiment:

• Pour water into each of the glasses until they are about ¾ full. 
• Add the ½ cup of salt into one glass of water and stir till it is completely dissolved. 
• Add one of the eggs to the glass with plain water and see what happens. The egg will sink to the bottom.
• Now add the second egg into the glass with the salt solution. And voila! You have a floating egg.

The Science Behind The Floating Egg Density Experiment

So, why did the egg float in the salty water, while it sank to the bottom of the glass with plain water? Let’s learn about it by understanding the science behind the floating egg experiment.

• Why does the egg float in saltwater?

The egg has a lower density than the saltwater. Since the egg is lighter than the salt solution, it floats in the salty water.

Have you ever wondered why things and even humans float on the Dead Sea? It’s simple, density! The Dead Sea has an extremely high concentration of mineral salts, which increases its density. The water is so dense that even the human body is lighter than it, which makes it float.

• Why does the egg sink to the bottom of the glass with plain water?

An egg has a higher density than plain water, which is why it sinks in the glass with plain water.

• What is density and buoyancy?

Density is defined as the mass of a particular substance per unit volume. The relative lightness, or ability of a substance to float or rise on a liquid, is called buoyancy. Buoyancy is also the upward pressure or force exerted by a fluid, which causes an object immersed in the liquid to rise or move upwards. The buoyant force is directly proportional to the density of the liquid in which the object is immersed.

You Can Do More With The Floating Egg Science Experiment

It’s time to rack your little scientist’s brain. What else can you use to perform the floating egg experiment?

• Instead of salt, use sugar and see if the egg floats in that solution.
• Can the egg float in other liquids like milk, oil or even warm water?
• Try the experiment with a hard boiled egg and see if it floats in water.  

Check our kids learning section for more experiments, activities and other learning resources.

Frequently Asked Questions On The Floating Egg Experiment

What do you learn from the floating egg science experiment.

The floating egg science experiment is a great way to understand the concepts of density and buoyancy. Additionally, it teaches us that objects with lower density float, while those with higher density sink.

What do you need to perform the floating egg density experiment?

The floating egg experiment needs very few ingredients, all of which can be easily found in our kitchens. You’ll need water, salt, eggs and glasses to perform the experiment.

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Everyday science for families with young children.

• Intro Posts
• Science Saturdays
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Saturday, March 9, 2013

Water density and floating egg experiment.

6 comments:

I love this fun, simple science experiment!

we just did the same one. It was fun!

Glad you guys had a good time with it!

my kids loved this lab

me too im doing it for my science project thanks

It was cool.