Show that you understand the current state of research on your topic.
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
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Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
To guide your introduction , include information about:
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
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To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
Research phase | Objectives | Deadline |
---|---|---|
1. Background research and literature review | 20th January | |
2. Research design planning | and data analysis methods | 13th February |
3. Data collection and preparation | with selected participants and code interviews | 24th March |
4. Data analysis | of interview transcripts | 22nd April |
5. Writing | 17th June | |
6. Revision | final work | 28th July |
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
To determine your budget, think about:
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
Statistics
Research bias
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.
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The invention of ICTs has given rise to changes in all facets of human activities and processes. Despite the fact that there are numerous challenges that have come with these inventions, adopting and getting adapted to the use of ICT is unavoidable. This is because getting acquainted to ICTs is the only way of harnessing and optimizing improvements in all sectors particularly the education sector. However, for optimum implementation and use of ICTs, it is necessary to assess the challenges of ICT education at each school.
Mesai Mitiku
The significance of the use of ICTs in education sector is notable and implemented in many countries. The SchoolNet project in Ethiopia and its study is still in infancy. Few available researches sheds light on some of the issues that urgently seek for further research and theory building to guide the practical implementation and establishment of the SchoolNet project. However, if policy recommendation related to ICTs use in education to be credible, it needs to be backed by a rich evidence of researches, lessons learned etc. In this regard such tools are limited or unavailable. Despite the country's huge investment of one-tenth of its GDP every year on ICTs, little hard evidence and consensus exist on the cost-effective utilizations of the technologies to meet a wide variety of some of the most graving challenges facing the country. In view of these and considering the potential risks associated with ICTs use in education, the study intends to take the required urgency which is...
Euro Asia International Journals
Abstract What is the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education? There are two issues that we get. The first is the importance of ICT. Why is the articulation ICT utilized rather than PCs? The second one is the means by which we can consolidate ICT for upgrading learning. The very articulation Information and Communication Technology has bunches of thoughts in it. It is not simply utilizing devices. The emphasis is on what is being executed through this medium. We have data innovation and correspondence innovation. Overseeing of vast amounts of data and conveying the same to the concerned individuals is the need of great importance. Subsequently the name ICT. It is an exceptionally complete articulation. It is not constrained to the PCs or the web. It ranges from the utilization of FM radio to the utilization of satellite for correspondence. It incorporates both the frame and embodiment of correspondence. ICT can possibly make adapting more experiential. Also the huge measure of information, visuals accessible on any theme can be conveyed to the classroom from everywhere throughout the world. That is the reason ICT has been viewed as a rising territory with heaps of potential for making instructive process more important.
Umar Farouq
ABSTRACT Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have become common place entities in all aspect of life. The use of ICT in Education lends itself to more student's centered-learning settings. But the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of ICT in Education is becoming more and more important and this importance will continue to grow and develop in teaching and learning, that is why we choose a research on; The Impacts of ICT on primary school Education in Zaria Local Government. A Case Study of Justice Basheer Sambo LGEA Primary School, Lemu Zaria City. The purpose of this research is to make primary school pupils in Zaria Local Government also to become ICT oriented so as to avoid having difficulties to operate in the further levels of education (Secondary and Tertiary), the research focuses on familiarizing ICT as an effective tool for teaching and learning based on three main objectives: Ascertain the impacts of ICT on primary school pupils' performance in Zaria Local government, ICT factors militating against the use of ICT in relation to the pupils' performance, then possible solutions to the ICT problems to improve the effective performance of the pupils and some recommendations that may lead to the improvement in the use of ICT in teaching and learning. Three hypothesis where drawn and were all rejected at the end of the research, that: HO1- There is no significant difference between ICT and the performance of pupils in primary schools. HO2- There is no significant different between ICT problems and the performance of the primary school pupils and that. HO3- There is no significant difference between the solutions to the ICT problems and the performance of primary school pupils in the study area. This is because the result of our findings has proven all the hypotheses wrong. ICT has a great impact on the performance of the primary school pupils in Zaria Local Government, it has influenced teachers efficiency and effectiveness in teaching and learning as well influences the pupils' academic performance. Therefore, Government should look into the possibility of making ICT a general conduct and apply into the public primary schools by providing them with enough ICT facilities, qualified IT professionals and Technicians to ensure the effective utility and maintenance of the Units.
Information Technology for …
Saïd Assar , Redouane Amrani
Shehu Abdullahi Ringim
IJIRMPS International Journal
Information Communication Technologies (ICT) at present are influencing every aspect of human life. They are playing salient roles in work places, business, education, and entertainment. Moreover, many people recognize ICT's as catalysts for change; change in working conditions, handling and exchanging information, teaching methods, learning approaches, scientific research, and in accessing information. ICT permeates the business environment, it underpins the success of modern corporations, and it provides governments with an efficient infrastructure. At the same time, ICT adds value to the processes of learning, and in the organization and management of learning institutions. One of the many challenges facing developing countries today is that of preparing their societies and governments for globalization and the information and communication revolution. Policy-makers, educationists, non-governmental organizations, academics, and ordinary citizens are increasingly concerned with the need to make their societies competitive in the emergent information economy. Globalization and innovations in technology have led to an increased use of ICTs in all sectors - and education is no exception. Uses of ICTs in education are widespread and are continually growing worldwide. It is generally believed that ICTs can empower teachers and learners, making significant contributions to learning and achievement. Over the last two decades, the rapid growth of ICT has become one of the most important topics discussed by the scholars in education. This is due to the capability of ICT in providing a dynamic and proactive teaching and learning environment. In line with the current digital era, teachers are required to integrate ICT in their daily teaching and replace their traditional methods with modern tools and facilities. The main focus of this paper is on effectiveness of ICT integration in education.
Siavash Omidinia
Alexander Bamidele
This paper investigated the use of information communication and technology (ICT) for effective management of secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey. The study population comprised of a sample of 160 secondary schools in the State. Out of the 1,278 teachers in the schools, 812 teachers made up of 160 principals and 652 teachers were selected for the study. The method of selection was also through the stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used to collect data for the study was a questionnaire while the data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. It was found that the level of provision of ICT equipment to secondary schools in the State was low. The level of principals' management of schools was also low. The intermittent disruption of electricity and inadequate funding were found as major problem inhibiting the usage of ICT equipment for the management of schools in the State. It was concluded that the State government was not fully ready to inculcate (ICT) for the effective management of secondary schools in the State. It was recommended that the State government could supply the necessary ICT equipment to all secondary schools in the State. Government may also improve the training of principals, teachers and computer personnel in the use of computers and other ICT equipment through seminar, workshop and in-service training.
Aarti Yadav
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CHILEWA ANDREW
Edmond Gaible
Addaiyan International Publishers
Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
Inaugural Lecture of the Universitat Oberta de …
Fred Opeli Chandi
3rd International Conference on Society and Information Technologies (ICSIT 2012)
Duy Dang-Pham , MATHEWS NKHOMA
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
Ritu bakshi
taufik lawal
vaskar regmi
IJAR Indexing
Alexander Decker
ijedict.dec.uwi.edu
Stewart Marshall
South African Computer Journal
Reuben Dlamini
The global information technology report
Himani Singh
IAEME Publication
Dr. Aarti Trehan
Publisher ijmra.us UGC Approved
Emma Coleman
IOSR Journal of Business and Management
Liisa Ilomäki
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Ranjana Ruhela
Theoneste Nzabihimana
Alemayehu Temeselew
Eb'rahim DUROSIMI
Natasa Aleksic
Emmanuel Ngassa
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113025
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The increasing use of statistical modelling and lower certainty evidence to expand screening and the aggressive marketing of multicancer early detection tests raises questions about evidence thresholds for updating existing screening recommendations.
Since 2018, five of the updated cancer screening recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) have included statistical models (breast, colorectal, lung, cervical and prostate). All five have recommended more intensive screening than the earlier recommendation, either by recommending newer screening technologies or expanding the population eligible for screening. For example, the 2021 colorectal cancer screening recommendation lowered the starting age from 50 to 45 years based on a microsimulation model of hypothetical patient panels. 1 2 The models for updating recommendations for all of these cancers relied heavily on either intermediate outcomes or performance characteristics of the screening test. Several blood-based cancer screening tests for multiple cancers are being developed and promoted without randomised controlled trials with health outcomes. 3 Soon, evidence-based organisations will be faced with proposals for further intensification of screening using these new technologies.
Recommendations of new screening strategies from evidence-based organisations such as the USPSTF, the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) are based on several factors, but especially evaluation of complex bodies of research, using methods that specify a high threshold for evidence of sufficient certainty to estimate net benefit (the balance between desirable and undesirable effects in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision framework). 4 This high evidence threshold often includes the requirement for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and/or consistent evidence from several high-quality studies with alternative designs to reach the degree of certainty of outcome effects to allow recommendation panels to assess net benefit before making a recommendation that incorporates patient …
X @AHuffstetler, @kennylinafp
Contributors RPH is a former member of the US Preventive Services Task Force and has coauthored several papers describing its methods. KWL is a former medical officer for the US Preventive Services Task Force programme at the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and coauthored systematic reviews to support previous recommendation updates. RPH conceived the article. AH completed the first draft of the article. All authors participated in revising subsequent drafts. KWL is the guarantor.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.
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Ph.D proposal: Department of Developmental Studies: the development of a socio-economic model to promote women empowerment initiatives in the renewable energy sectors of South Africa June 2016
proposal is a plan for a research project. It is one of the most important phases of the study. If it is inadequate, misguided, or incomplete, it is unlikely that the research will be successful. Formulating the proposal may, for some research projects, take longer than the collecting of data.
The goal of research proposal development persuades reader to believe the solution are appropriate, reasonable logic, practicable. Purpose of proposal is to to educate and convince the reader.
Full Proposal Preparation Guide The format for the research proposal shall consist of the following major components. The template can be slightly modified based on the nature of the research project.
Preliminary Literature Review Drafting Research Proposal Extensive Literature Review Develop Interview Schedule Conduct Interviews Transcribe Interviews Identify Data Sources and Obtain Access to Data Data cleaning and validation.
Development Studies Research ( DSR) is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that provides a platform to further debates on development studies and development issues. DSR is intended for both academics and practitioners, including policymakers. It aims to examine issues in all areas of development and across the globe - with a particular ...
Doctorate of Philosophy - Development Studies Research Proposal. 2. Background & Outline of Research Problem In South Africa, historically, water has been managed through supply-side measures. The demand for the resource was estimated and government responded by constructing infrastructure to supply the amount of water required (Lumby et al ...
The 1,500 word research proposal is an important element of your application to doctoral study, whether full-time or part-time. It offers you the opportunity to outline the research you intend to conduct, including how you plan to go about it, and how your research might make a contribution to a theoretical or empirical evidence base.
This is because the completed proposal is the product of a sustained process of planning and designing the research. And both the planning of the research and the proposal for the research are just as important as the phases of research which come after the proposal - those of executing and reporting the research. Indeed, in some types of research, especially those which are tightly ...
A proposal should contain all the key elements involved in designing a completed research study, with sufficient information that allows readers to assess the validity and usefulness of your proposed study. The only elements missing from a research proposal are the findings of the study and your analysis of those findings. Finally, an effective proposal is judged on the quality of your writing ...
Introduction This guide intends to provide practical information for students who have been asked to submit a research proposal as part of their application for admission to a research degree. It is also relevant to students who are applying to external bodies for postgraduate research funding.
The Committee must therefore 4.1 create guidelines for ethically accountable research to which all research in the Faculty involving human subjects/participants must adhere, 4.2 compile and administrate application forms for the approval of ethical aspects of a research proposal, 4.3 consider the ethical implications of proposed research ...
The research proposal is a summary of the plan you are contemplating for carr ying out in the form. of a dissertation - by making you put it down into a standard format and r equiring you to ...
The purpose, structure and format of a proposal will depend on the disciplinary area in which the proposed research is located. Proposals vary considerably in format and length but around 3,000 words would be desirable for proposals in the social sciences and humanities and less so for many of the experimental sciences. While a proposal format is fairly standard for quantitative studies, for ...
We walk you through two successful research proposals (Master's PhD-level), as well as our free research proposal. Download PDF or Word.
The contributions and challenges of civil society in development and governance in context of the post-1991 developmental state of Ethiopia. Zigiji Samuel Beyene (2023-06) The primary objective of this study was to analyse the contributions and challenges of civil society in governance and development and state-civil society relations in the ...
Developing a research proposal involves the following preliminary steps: identifying potential ideas, choosing ideas to explore further, choosing and narrowing a topic, formulating a research question, and developing a working thesis. A good topic for a research paper interests the writer and fulfills the requirements of the assignment.
Research proposal purpose Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application, or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation.
As a research institution, this investment is most often in man-hours spent. developing the initial research proposal. In 2018, the United States government spent $142.9 billion funding research and. development activities.1 This funding makes up only a portion of the overall research.
THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES RESEARCH PROPOSAL COURSE CODE DEV 4154 TOPIC: The Effectiveness of the Introduction of ICTs as part of the Zambian Learning Syllabus in Rural Secondary Schools.
Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.
How to Write a Research Proposal "A well-written proposal will ease the process of obtaining institutional and ethical approval and will increase your chances of obtaining funding for your project." (Verhoef & Hilsden, 2004: pg.2). There is truth in this statement because the proposal is the document through which we must convince other people that there is merit and value in our work, so ...
The increasing use of statistical modelling and lower certainty evidence to expand screening and the aggressive marketing of multicancer early detection tests raises questions about evidence thresholds for updating existing screening recommendations. Since 2018, five of the updated cancer screening recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) have included statistical ...
PDF | On Apr 11, 2021, Abhinav Dutta published PhD Research Proposal | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate