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Managing Air Quality - Control Strategies to Achieve Air Pollution Reduction

A control strategy related to air quality is a set of specific techniques and measures identified and implemented to achieve reductions in air pollution to attain an air quality standard or goal.

On this page:

Considerations in Designing an Effective Air Quality Control Strategy

Controlling sources of pollution.

Need for Controls Applied Regionally or Nationally in Addition to Locally

What are the Steps in Developing a Control Strategy?

Environmental: factors such as ambient air quality conditions, relevant meteorological conditions, location of the emissions source, noise levels, and any ancillary pollution from the control system itself.
Engineering: factors such as pollutant characteristics (such as abrasiveness, reactivity and toxicity), gas stream characteristics, performance characteristics of the control system, and adequate utilities (for example, water for wet scrubbers).
Economic: factors such as capital cost, operating costs, equipment maintenance, equipment lifetime, and administrative, legal, and enforcement costs.
The U.S. Environmental Solutions Toolkit is a user-friendly database that highlights scientific analysis, regulatory structures, and some examples of U.S. companies offering relevant solutions.
Learn more about Export Promotion at EPA .

Pollution prevention approaches to reduce, eliminate, or prevent pollution at its source, should be considered. Examples are to use less toxic raw materials or fuels, use a less-polluting industrial process, and to improve the efficiency of the process.

The Clean Air Technology Center serves as a resource on air pollution prevention and control technologies, including their use, effectiveness and cost. Examples are mechanical collectors, wet scrubbers, fabric filters (baghouses), electrostatic precipitators, combustion systems (thermal oxidizers), condensers, absorbers, adsorbers, and biological degradation.

Controlling emissions related to transportation can include emission controls on vehicles as well as use of cleaner fuels.

Economic incentives , such as emissions trading, banking, and emissions caps can be used. These strategies may be combined with the "command-and-control" type regulations which have traditionally been used by air pollution control agencies.

Need for Controls Applied Regionally or Nationally in Addition to Locally

Air pollution does not recognize geographic boundaries. Some pollutants can travel great distances affecting air quality and public health locally, regionally, nationally, and even internationally in areas that are downwind.

For this reason, control strategies to improve air quality in local areas need to include control measures that are mandated and implemented on a state, region-wide or national basis. In general, regulations established by the national government tend to have the widest application, which can minimize boundary and economic competition issues.

In the United States, the Clean Air Act requires that each state’s implementation plan contain provisions to prevent the emissions from the facilities or sources within its borders from contributing significantly to air quality problems in a downwind state. Learn more about the approach in the United States to address interstate air pollution transport .

Determine priority pollutants. The pollutants of concern for a specific location will be based on the nature of the associated health or environmental effects and the severity of the air quality problem in that area.
Identify measures to control sources of pollution.
Develop a control strategy and plan that incorporates the control measures. The written plan should include implementation dates. The plan will need to reference the requirements that owners or operators of emission sources will need to undertake to reduce pollution contributing to the air quality problems.
Involve the public. Invite input from the regulated community and others, including the general public when developing the control strategy. This early consultation reduces later challenges and can help streamline implementation.
Incl ude compliance and enforcement programs. These programs are very important to include and help owners or operators of sources understand the requirements, as well as the actions that environmental authorities can take if the sources don’t comply.

Governments getting started in managing air quality should focus first on obvious sources of air pollution and the quickest means of controlling air emissions. More sophisticated and comprehensive strategies can be developed over time. The goal for all control strategies is to achieve real and measurable air emission reductions.

In the United States, control strategies to meet and maintain the national ambient air quality standards are developed by state governments. State governments adopt control measures through their legislative process and include them in state implementation plans, which need to be submitted and approved by EPA. The control measures are described and included in the plan. Control measures that are part of an approved state implementation plan can be enforced by either the state or the national government.

Learn more regarding basic information about air quality state implementation plans and about air quality implementation plans .

Learn more about how c ost analysis models and tools for air pollution regulations support the assessment of emission reductions and engineering costs for air pollution control strategies.

Learn more about reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutants and a ddressing stationary sources of air pollution in the United States .

Air Quality Management Process Home
Overview of Air Quality Management
Assessment and Implementation
Tools and Resources

Biology Article

Air Pollution Control

Air pollution & its control, air pollution definition.

“Air Pollution is the release of pollutants such as gases, particles, biological molecules, etc. into the air that is harmful to human health and the environment.”

Air Pollution Diagram

Table of Contents

What is Air Pollution?

Types of air pollutants, primary pollutants, secondary pollutants, causes of air pollution.

Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical or biological change in the air. It is the contamination of air by harmful gases, dust and smoke which affects plants, animals and humans drastically.

There is a certain percentage of gases present in the atmosphere. An increase or decrease in the composition of these gases is harmful to survival. This imbalance in the gaseous composition has resulted in an increase in earth’s temperature, which is known as global warming.

There are two types of air pollutants:

The pollutants that directly cause air pollution are known as primary pollutants. Sulphur-dioxide emitted from factories is a primary pollutant.

The pollutants formed by the intermingling and reaction of primary pollutants are known as secondary pollutants. Smog, formed by the intermingling of smoke and fog, is a secondary pollutant.

Burning of Fossil Fuels

The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large amount of sulphur dioxide. Carbon monoxide released by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels also results in air pollution.

Automobiles

The gases emitted from vehicles such as jeeps, trucks, cars, buses, etc. pollute the environment. These are the major sources of greenhouse gases and also result in diseases among individuals.

Agricultural Activities

Ammonia is one of the most hazardous gases emitted during agricultural activities. The insecticides, pesticides and fertilisers emit harmful chemicals in the atmosphere and contaminate it.

Factories and Industries

Factories and industries are the main source of carbon monoxide, organic compounds, hydrocarbons and chemicals. These are released into the air, degrading its quality.

Mining Activities

In the mining process, the minerals below the earth are extracted using large pieces of equipment. The dust and chemicals released during the process not only pollute the air, but also deteriorate the health of the workers and people living in the nearby areas.

Domestic Sources

The household cleaning products and paints contain toxic chemicals that are released in the air. The smell from the newly painted walls is the smell of the chemicals present in the paints. It not only pollutes the air but also affects breathing.

Effects of Air Pollution

The hazardous effects of air pollution on the environment include:

Air pollution has resulted in several respiratory disorders and heart diseases among humans. The cases of lung cancer have increased in the last few decades. Children living near polluted areas are more prone to pneumonia and asthma. Many people die every year due to the direct or indirect effects of air pollution.

Global Warming

Due to the emission of greenhouse gases, there is an imbalance in the gaseous composition of the air. This has led to an increase in the temperature of the earth. This increase in earth’s temperature is known as global warming . This has resulted in the melting of glaciers and an increase in sea levels. Many areas are submerged underwater.

The burning of fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides in the air. The water droplets combine with these pollutants, become acidic and fall as acid rain which damages human, animal and plant life.

Ozone Layer Depletion

The release of chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is the major cause of depletion of the ozone layer. The depleting ozone layer does not prevent the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from the sun and causes skin diseases and eye problems among individuals. Also Read: Ozone Layer Depletion

Effect on Animals

The air pollutants suspend in the water bodies and affect aquatic life. Pollution also compels the animals to leave their habitat and shift to a new place. This renders them stray and has also led to the extinction of a large number of animal species.

Following are the measures one should adopt, to control air pollution:

Avoid Using Vehicles

People should avoid using vehicles for shorter distances. Rather, they should prefer public modes of transport to travel from one place to another. This not only prevents pollution, but also conserves energy.

Energy Conservation

A large number of fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity. Therefore, do not forget to switch off the electrical appliances when not in use. Thus, you can save the environment at the individual level. Use of energy-efficient devices such as CFLs also controls pollution to a greater level.

Use of Clean Energy Resources

The use of solar, wind and geothermal energies reduce air pollution at a larger level. Various countries, including India, have implemented the use of these resources as a step towards a cleaner environment.

Other air pollution control measures include:

By minimising and reducing the use of fire and fire products.
Since industrial emissions are one of the major causes of air pollution, the pollutants can be controlled or treated at the source itself to reduce its effects. For example, if the reactions of a certain raw material yield a pollutant, then the raw materials can be substituted with other less polluting materials.
Fuel substitution is another way of controlling air pollution. In many parts of India, petrol and diesel are being replaced by CNG – Compressed Natural Gas fueled vehicles. These are mostly adopted by vehicles that aren’t fully operating with ideal emission engines.
Although there are many practices in India, which focus on repairing the quality of air, most of them are either forgotten or not being enforced properly. There are still a lot of vehicles on roads which haven’t been tested for vehicle emissions.
Another way of controlling air pollution caused by industries is to modify and maintain existing pieces of equipment so that the emission of pollutants is minimised.
Sometimes controlling pollutants at the source is not possible. In that case, we can have process control equipment to control the pollution.
A very effective way of controlling air pollution is by diluting the air pollutants.
The last and the best way of reducing the ill effects of air pollution is tree plantation. Plants and trees reduce a large number of pollutants in the air. Ideally, planting trees in areas of high pollution levels will be extremely effective.

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Air pollution.

Air pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of humans, animals, and plants. It also damages buildings.

Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geography

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Air pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of humans, animals, and plants. It also damages buildings. Pollutants in the air take many forms. They can be gases , solid particles, or liquid droplets. Sources of Air Pollution Pollution enters the Earth's atmosphere in many different ways. Most air pollution is created by people, taking the form of emissions from factories, cars, planes, or aerosol cans . Second-hand cigarette smoke is also considered air pollution. These man-made sources of pollution are called anthropogenic sources . Some types of air pollution, such as smoke from wildfires or ash from volcanoes , occur naturally. These are called natural sources . Air pollution is most common in large cities where emissions from many different sources are concentrated . Sometimes, mountains or tall buildings prevent air pollution from spreading out. This air pollution often appears as a cloud making the air murky. It is called smog . The word "smog" comes from combining the words "smoke" and " fog ." Large cities in poor and developing nations tend to have more air pollution than cities in developed nations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , some of the worlds most polluted cities are Karachi, Pakistan; New Delhi, India; Beijing, China; Lima, Peru; and Cairo, Egypt. However, many developed nations also have air pollution problems. Los Angeles, California, is nicknamed Smog City. Indoor Air Pollution Air pollution is usually thought of as smoke from large factories or exhaust from vehicles. But there are many types of indoor air pollution as well. Heating a house by burning substances such as kerosene , wood, and coal can contaminate the air inside the house. Ash and smoke make breathing difficult, and they can stick to walls, food, and clothing. Naturally-occurring radon gas, a cancer -causing material, can also build up in homes. Radon is released through the surface of the Earth. Inexpensive systems installed by professionals can reduce radon levels. Some construction materials, including insulation , are also dangerous to people's health. In addition, ventilation , or air movement, in homes and rooms can lead to the spread of toxic mold . A single colony of mold may exist in a damp, cool place in a house, such as between walls. The mold's spores enter the air and spread throughout the house. People can become sick from breathing in the spores. Effects On Humans People experience a wide range of health effects from being exposed to air pollution. Effects can be broken down into short-term effects and long-term effects . Short-term effects, which are temporary , include illnesses such as pneumonia or bronchitis . They also include discomfort such as irritation to the nose, throat, eyes, or skin. Air pollution can also cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea . Bad smells made by factories, garbage , or sewer systems are considered air pollution, too. These odors are less serious but still unpleasant . Long-term effects of air pollution can last for years or for an entire lifetime. They can even lead to a person's death. Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart disease , lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema . Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people's nerves , brain, kidneys , liver , and other organs. Some scientists suspect air pollutants cause birth defects . Nearly 2.5 million people die worldwide each year from the effects of outdoor or indoor air pollution. People react differently to different types of air pollution. Young children and older adults, whose immune systems tend to be weaker, are often more sensitive to pollution. Conditions such as asthma , heart disease, and lung disease can be made worse by exposure to air pollution. The length of exposure and amount and type of pollutants are also factors. Effects On The Environment Like people, animals, and plants, entire ecosystems can suffer effects from air pollution. Haze , like smog, is a visible type of air pollution that obscures shapes and colors. Hazy air pollution can even muffle sounds. Air pollution particles eventually fall back to Earth. Air pollution can directly contaminate the surface of bodies of water and soil . This can kill crops or reduce their yield . It can kill young trees and other plants. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air, can create acid rain when they mix with water and oxygen in the atmosphere. These air pollutants come mostly from coal-fired power plants and motor vehicles . When acid rain falls to Earth, it damages plants by changing soil composition ; degrades water quality in rivers, lakes and streams; damages crops; and can cause buildings and monuments to decay . Like humans, animals can suffer health effects from exposure to air pollution. Birth defects, diseases, and lower reproductive rates have all been attributed to air pollution. Global Warming Global warming is an environmental phenomenon caused by natural and anthropogenic air pollution. It refers to rising air and ocean temperatures around the world. This temperature rise is at least partially caused by an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap heat energy in the Earths atmosphere. (Usually, more of Earths heat escapes into space.) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that has had the biggest effect on global warming. Carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels (coal, gasoline , and natural gas ). Humans have come to rely on fossil fuels to power cars and planes, heat homes, and run factories. Doing these things pollutes the air with carbon dioxide. Other greenhouse gases emitted by natural and artificial sources also include methane , nitrous oxide , and fluorinated gases. Methane is a major emission from coal plants and agricultural processes. Nitrous oxide is a common emission from industrial factories, agriculture, and the burning of fossil fuels in cars. Fluorinated gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons , are emitted by industry. Fluorinated gases are often used instead of gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs have been outlawed in many places because they deplete the ozone layer . Worldwide, many countries have taken steps to reduce or limit greenhouse gas emissions to combat global warming. The Kyoto Protocol , first adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, is an agreement between 183 countries that they will work to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. The United States has not signed that treaty . Regulation In addition to the international Kyoto Protocol, most developed nations have adopted laws to regulate emissions and reduce air pollution. In the United States, debate is under way about a system called cap and trade to limit emissions. This system would cap, or place a limit, on the amount of pollution a company is allowed. Companies that exceeded their cap would have to pay. Companies that polluted less than their cap could trade or sell their remaining pollution allowance to other companies. Cap and trade would essentially pay companies to limit pollution. In 2006 the World Health Organization issued new Air Quality Guidelines. The WHOs guidelines are tougher than most individual countries existing guidelines. The WHO guidelines aim to reduce air pollution-related deaths by 15 percent a year. Reduction Anybody can take steps to reduce air pollution. Millions of people every day make simple changes in their lives to do this. Taking public transportation instead of driving a car, or riding a bike instead of traveling in carbon dioxide-emitting vehicles are a couple of ways to reduce air pollution. Avoiding aerosol cans, recycling yard trimmings instead of burning them, and not smoking cigarettes are others.

Downwinders The United States conducted tests of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada in the 1950s. These tests sent invisible radioactive particles into the atmosphere. These air pollution particles traveled with wind currents, eventually falling to Earth, sometimes hundreds of miles away in states including Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and Washington. These areas were considered to be "downwind" from the Nevada Test Site. Decades later, people living in those downwind areascalled "downwinders"began developing cancer at above-normal rates. In 1990, the U.S. government passed the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act. This law entitles some downwinders to payments of $50,000.

Greenhouse Gases There are five major greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere.

water vapor
carbon dioxide
nitrous oxide

London Smog What has come to be known as the London Smog of 1952, or the Great Smog of 1952, was a four-day incident that sickened 100,000 people and caused as many as 12,000 deaths. Very cold weather in December 1952 led residents of London, England, to burn more coal to keep warm. Smoke and other pollutants became trapped by a thick fog that settled over the city. The polluted fog became so thick that people could only see a few meters in front of them.

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Control of Air pollution

Published by Juan Poblete Ferreyra Modified over 5 years ago

Presentation on theme: "Control of Air pollution"— Presentation transcript:

Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Control of Sulfur Oxides Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun

Air Pollution Chapter 5.

1 Environment Engineering I Dr. Amal Hudhud Dr. Abdel Fattah Hasan An-Najah National University Civil Engineering Department Air Pollution Chapter Eleven-

Environmental Engineering 343

Chapter 17 Air resources The atmosphere layer is very thin compared to the size of the Earth.

Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Air Quality and Pollution Control.

Vehicle pollution control

Air Cleaning Devices. 2 Is An Air Cleaner Needed ?  Toxicity of materials discharged  Amount of material to be discharged  Value of material to be.

Air Pollution Chapter 4.

The Greenhouse Effect CE 326 Principles of Environmental Engineering Prof. Tim Ellis January 25, 2010.

Air Pollution & Control. Thickness of Atmosphere The atmosphere is a very thin (relatively) layer of gas over the surface of the Earth Earth’s radius.

A little diet advice: A) The Japanese eat very little fat and suffer fewer heart attacks than the British or Americans. (B) On the other hand, the French.

Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 2

Air Emissions Treatment. Because air pollutants vary in size many orders of magnitude, many different types of treatment devices are required for emissions.

Meteorology & Air Quality Lecture-1

Transport & Deposition of Air Pollutants David Gay Coordinator National Atmospheric Deposition Program University of Illinois, Champaign, IL ,

Meteorology & Air Pollution Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun.

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5 Effective Air Pollution Prevention Strategies

Every year, air pollution prematurely kills about seven million people worldwide. It is also one of the biggest threats to human health, increasing the risk of chronic heart and pulmonary diseases, lung cancer, stroke, and respiratory infections. What’s more, air pollution is contributing to the climate crisis and accelerating global warming. Governments urgently need to commit to air pollution prevention in an effort to solve one of the direst environmental problems in the world right now. As we celebrate the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies, which every year falls on September 7, we reflect on some of the most promising solutions to air pollution out there.

Sometime between 1820 and 1840, the world began transitioning to new manufacturing processes that became known as the Industrial Revolution. While this represented a turning point in the history of technological advancement and moulding the world as we know it today, industrialisation came at a huge cost for the environment and affected worldwide air quality, especially in new, developing urban areas. Even today, the highest levels of air pollution are recorded in cities. Six of the world’s 10 most polluted cities in 2021 were in India, with Bhiwadi topping the list, while neighbouring countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh are also some of the worst affected. In China, despite the huge progress made in recent years, where particulate pollution saw a 29% drop globally, 1.25 million people still die prematurely from pollution-related diseases every year.

The world has made remarkable advancements in air pollution reduction technologies and an increasing number of countries around the world have pledged to end all emissions in the coming decades. We explore the main drivers and effects of air pollution on the environment before diving deep into some of the best strategies for air pollution prevention.

Drivers of Air Pollution

Air pollution refers to the release of chemicals and pollutant particles into the air, mainly through human activities. Among the biggest contributors are fossil fuels. Global demand for oil, natural gas, and coal continues to increase despite calls to end our dependence on these energy sources in order to meet net-zero emissions goals. In 2021, global energy-related emissions reached a staggering 36.3 billion tonnes of CO2, their highest-ever level. 40% of which came from coal – soaring to an all-time high of 15.3 billion tonnes – followed by 10.7 billion tonnes from oil, and 7.5 billion tonnes from natural gas.

Another driver is ozone, a toxic gas that turns into smog – an extremely harmful form of air pollution – when it reaches too close to the ground, significantly reducing visibility. Extreme climate events like dust storms as well as changing weather conditions are also responsible for poisoning the atmosphere. For example, high air pressure and heat waves can create stagnant air where pollutants usually concentrate in large quantities. Extreme heat waves also increase the risks of large-scale wildfires, notorious for releasing more carbon emissions, smog, and pollutants into the air.

Effects of Air Pollution on the Environment

Apart from causing millions of premature deaths and illnesses – especially in low-income countries like South and East Asia – there is growing evidence among the scientific community that air pollution can have detrimental impacts on other aspects of human health and wellbeing – such as their cognitive function. Several studies have found that polluted air often impedes or lowers the cognitive ability of those frequently exposed to it.

But air pollution does not only impact humans. Its environmental effects are also vast and worrying. They range from acid rain – which is extremely harmful to the soil and plants – to birth defects, reproductive failure, and diseases among wildlife animals. Highly polluted rain can also compromise agriculture, as it makes crops more vulnerable to diseases from increased UV radiation caused by ozone depletion.

You might also like: History of Air Pollution: Have We Reached A Point of No Return?

Air Pollution Prevention

While we know much about the causes and effects of air pollution, there is still much to be done in terms of prevention. To understand how governments can tackle the problem, it is useful to have a look at the main sectors contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, the only ways to drastically reduce air pollution are to adopt a wide range of policies that regulate all polluting industries – from energy production to transportation and agriculture – as well as to reflect on broader solutions such as carbon tax systems.

Figure 1: World’s Most Polluting Sectors, 2020

1. Cut Down Emissions from Power Plants

One obvious but effective strategy to cut down emissions is to phase out fossil fuels immediately, yet it has proven to be difficult to implement. As the latest IPCC climate report clearly stated, in the race to reach net-zero emissions, there is no room for any fossil fuel developments . Shifting to other energy sources like nuclear and renewables is a long and complicated process that requires global coordination and collaboration. Yet, not all countries are on board and while some are slowly making the transition, others have no intentions of phasing out fossil fuels.

In the meantime, countries like the US are implementing strategies to hold power plants accountable for their pollution. For example, in March 2022, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) unveiled the “Good Neighbor” plan to cut interstate smog pollution from power stations by requiring them to operate their pollution control equipment and keep their daily emissions under a pre-established limit.

2. Decarbonise the Global Transport Sector

Transport accounts for 8 billion tonnes – or approximately one-fifth – of global carbon dioxide emissions. These are expected to grow significantly over the next 30 years as a result of increasing transport demand.

Figure 2: Global CO2 Emissions from Transport, 2018

According to the EPA, there are three methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. The first is to increase the efficiency of vehicle technology. A good start – according to a report by the United Nations – is developing weight reduction and improvements to engines and tires that can make vehicles more fuel-efficient, reduce their reliance on oil, and cut expenses.

One of the most important technologies we have to decarbonise the transport sector is electric vehicles (EV). Significant progress has been made in this industry and costs of batteries have declined by 90% in recent years. Despite EVs being a much better alternative than fossil fuel vehicles, as the latter generate much higher emissions over their lifetime, the electrification of the transportation sector has a dark side. Producing EV batteries requires greater resource extractivism , which has substantial destructive consequences for the environment and local communities, an aspect of this industry that cannot be ignored. Fortunately, EV companies are building a much more sustainable supply chain by improving the efficiency and lifespan of batteries, researching a way to build them using other resources as well as recycling old batteries to reuse raw materials.

But switching to EVs is not the only option we have. We can lower transportation’s carbon footprint by changing how we travel – for example, opting for public transport and car-sharing – as well as how we transport goods around the world. Emissions from the global supply chain have reached historic heights. In 2020, the shipping and return of products within the e-commerce industry alone accounted for 37% of the total GHG emissions , attributing to the unsustainable habits of modern consumers and their appetite for convenience. It is estimated that by 2030, the number of delivery vehicles will increase by 36%, reaching approximately 7.2 million vehicles . This will not only result in an increase of about 6 million tonnes of CO2 emissions, but it will also increase commutes by 21%, as vehicles will take longer to travel due to higher traffic congestion. All things considered, the best way to drastically reduce the impact of the shipping industry is by rethinking the means of transport, for example by prioritising rail and marine vessels over truck drivers.

Emissions can also be reduced by using fuels with a minimal carbon footprint such as biofuels , renewable natural gas, hydrogen as well as sustainable aviation fuel . Lastly, it is the governments’ job to implement tighter fuel and vehicle emission standards. As part of its targets to reduce the net greenhouse gas emissions by 50% in 2030, the US has taken into account many sector-specific reduction pathways . The Biden administration is currently working on incentives for zero-emission personal vehicles, funding for charging infrastructure, and support for research in low carbon, new-generation renewable fuels. Simultaneously, sixteen states including California, New York, and Pennsylvania, are imposing their own pollution limits on cars . Similarly, the European Union is encouraging the production of greener vehicles and it has recently strengthened the CO2 standards for cars and vans as a way to facilitate its phase-out of internal combustion engines.

3. Adopt a More Sustainable Approach to Agriculture

Recent data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) shows that 31% of human-caused GHG emissions originate from the world’s agri-food systems. From the 16.5 tonnes generated in 2019, the largest share – 7.2 billion tonnes – came from within the farm gate, 5.8 billion tonnes from the supply-chain processes, while 3.5 billion tonnes from land use change.

Thus, efforts to address the exploitation of resources like land and water as well as the promotion of sustainable agriculture are among the most crucial steps in air pollution prevention. A big issue related to soil depletion is the excessive use of fertilisers. Switching to nitrate-based solutions can be one of the easiest fixes in reducing farms’ impact on air pollution. Israel has made incredible technological advances and managed to reduce the overconsumption of water through drip irrigation , a system that delivers water and nutrients directly into the plant’s root through pipes. The technology is now being used in some African countries as well, thanks to funding from the World Bank. Lastly, countries like Australia have found ways to reduce agricultural methane emissions from farming by modifying the diets of livestock .

4. Introduce a Carbon Tax System

A carbon tax is an instrument of environmental cost internalisation, imposed on producers of raw fossil fuels based on the relative carbon content of those fuels. Governments usually set a fixed price that emitting companies must pay for each ton of greenhouse gas emissions they emit.

So far, 27 countries have implemented a carbon tax system as a way to incentivise polluters to lower emissions or switch to more efficient processes and cleaner fuels. At the same time, the carbon tax is a great way to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gases generated from the same human activities and it is thus a good way to hit two birds with one stone .

5. Improving Air Quality While Fighting Climate Change

Last but not least, air pollution can be prevented by tackling climate change. These two phenomena are closely intertwined and neither can be seen exclusively as the cause or the effect. While deteriorating air quality is a consequence of climate change, air pollution also contributes to worsening global warming. That is why the climate crisis cannot be left out of the equation. Effective efforts to tackle climate change would significantly reduce deforestation and wildfires, two of the main sources of air pollution. Air quality and climate change are just one example of causes and effects overlapping. Therefore, the best shot for governments around the world to reduce air pollution is to implement broader policies that aim at tackling all aspects of the looming climate crisis.

You might also like: 15 Most Polluted Cities in the US

About the Author

Martina Igini

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Introduction to Air Pollution

Jul 26, 2014

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Introduction to Air Pollution. John Atkinson and Dr. Mark Rood Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL , USA [email protected] and [email protected] Lecture 3 (of 3)

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Introduction to Air Pollution John Atkinson and Dr. Mark Rood Environmental Engineering and Science Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IL, USA [email protected] and [email protected] Lecture 3 (of 3) February 8th, 2013 Disclaimer: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number 10-34470. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Outline Important Air Quality Regulations Clean Air Act and Amendments Others Methods for Quantifying Pollutants Air Pollution Control Field Trip to Bondville Atmospheric Environmental Research Station (BEARS) Summary

Air Pollutant Regulations • Regulations Prior to 1970 (1955, 1963, 1967) • Provided funds to research air pollution monitoring and abatement techniques • Began to develop emission inventories for select pollutants

Air Pollutant Regulations • Clean Air Act (1970) – Created federal regulations on emissions for select contaminants from stationary and mobile sources • National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) • State Implementation Plans (SIP) • New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) • National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) • Contributed to the development of the US EPA • Small amendments made in 1977

Air Pollutant Regulations • Clean Air Act Amendments (1977) – Updates to the previous CAAA that address specific air quality issues • States must submit revised SIPs • Classification of areas with respect to NAAQS • Establish policies for non-attainment areas • New major facilities must apply specific standards • Good Engineering Practice for stack height

Air Pollutant Regulations • Clean Air Act Amendments (1990) – Updates to the initial Clean Air Act that address specific problems and increased ability to control and detect pollutants • Control of Acid Rain • Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants • Control of Ozone Depleting Chemicals • New Requirements for Motor Vehicles • New Permitting Requirements for Sources

National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Standards set for the six criteria air pollutants • Primary Standard – Protection of health • Secondary Standard – Protection of welfare • Pollutant Concentrations • Averaging Times – Average pollutant concentration during a given amount of time (to remove outliers)

National Ambient Air Quality Standards Source: US EPA

Monitoring/Measuring Air Pollutants • What Effects an Air Pollutant’s Concentration? • Location of Source Compared to Receptor (x, y, z) • Type of Source (stationary, mobile, area) • Source Strength • Atmospheric Conditions • Wind Speed/Direction • Precipitation • Atmospheric Stability

Gaussian Dispersion Model Determining contaminant concentrations resulting from a stationary pollutant source… Q = Source Strength (mass / time) ug = Wind Speed (length / time) σy and σz= Parameters Describing the Weather Conditions (length) (x, y, z) = Position of Interest H = Height of Pollutant Source (length)

Atmospheric Conditions Impact Pollutant Dispersion

Radioactive Materials from Fukushima Detected at Sites in the USA Weatherbee, et al., Environmental Science and Technology, 2012

Radiation Dispersion (and decay) from the Chernobyl Disaster Bq/m3 of 137Cs Bq = Becquerel (SI Unit for Radioactivity) Quelo, et al., Atmospheric Environment, 2007

Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Abbott Power Plant µg/m3 • AERMOD model from EPA

Types of Air Pollutant Monitoring Outdoor Ambient Monitoring is the systematic, long-term assessment of pollutant levels by measuring the quantity and types of pollutants in the outdoor air. Emissions Measurement is the process of monitoring particulate and gaseous emissions from specific sources.

National Trends Network Measurement Sites http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/lib/manuals/opman.pdf IL 11 = Bondville, IL – Tour of this site next week!

Ambient Atmospheric Sampling at Bondville Environmental Atmospheric Research Site

Ambient Atmospheric Sampling at Bondville Environmental Atmospheric Research Site • Basic Air Quality • Sulfur dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, organics • Precipitation Chemistry • Major ions, mercury, event based longer term sampling • Long-Term Climate • National Weather Service site • On-Site Meteorology • Wind velocity, air and soil temperatures, dew point temperature, pressure, radiation • Atmospheric Visibility • Solar Physics • Continuous Particulate Monitoring using Chromatographic Methods

Sampling Platforms – Ships NOAA Research Vessel: Ronald H. Brown http://www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/

Sampling Platforms – Aircraft NOAA DHC-6 Twin Otter Aircraft http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/20090112_twinotter.html Satellites Balloon http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/weather-balloon-data http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/earthweek.html

Sampling Platforms – Personal Samplers http://www.munroinstruments.co.uk/Environmental/contents/en-us/d27_Standard_Personal_Air_Samplers.html

Stack Sampling

Air Pollution Control • Major Techniques • Adsorption – Adhesion of a contaminant to the surface of a solid • Volatile Organic Compounds • Mercury • Absorption – Concentration of a contaminant into the bulk of another solid or liquid • Sulfur Dioxide • Carbon Dioxide (?) • Filtration – Removing solids/liquids from a gas stream by imposing an impenetrable barrier • Particulate Matter • Catalytic Destruction – Conversion of a contaminant to an inert compound via catalytic processes • Nitrogen Oxides (Catalytic Reduction to N2)

Next Week… (Thursday) • Tour of Bondville Environmental and Atmospheric Research Site (BEARS)

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Free Air Pollution PPT Template and Google Slides

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Lay your hands on air pollution and educate your audience about how air pollutants harm human health and the environment with this free air pollution ppt template & Google slides .

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Air Pollution PPT | Free Download | 17 Slides

Table of contents.

To live, we need to breathe. To breathe, we need fresh air. Fresh air is one of the basic and essential things we need to live on earth. Fresh air is equally important to every one us as food and water. Even plants need oxygen to convert food into energy. From these things, we can understand the importance of oxygen and fresh air. A place without oxygen will be a dead zone with no humans, animals, and plants. Without oxygen, nobody can survive on earth.

All these facts point the fingers at the importance of keeping air pollution-free. But the truth is, the air is getting polluted at a massive rate every day. There are hundreds of causes. In these, there are some which are very harmful to us. But how can we reduce the rate of air pollution? Well, there are different ways that we could try to stop air pollution. Before that, let us find out what are the utmost causes of air pollution. Here are they.

What Do We Mean By Air Pollution?

It’s simple. Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air like Nitrogen Oxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Carbon Dioxide, Sulphur Oxide, dioxins, and other harmful gases. Once these gases are released, they become a colossal threat to the environment and human health.

How Do We Know the Quality of Air?

The purity of air measured using an AQI thermometer that runs on a scale from 0 to 500. The AQI refers to Air Quality Index. It measures how pure or polluted the surrounding air is. If the numeric value on the scale is between 0-50, the quality of the surrounding air is considered healthy and satisfactory. As the values increase, the quality of the air decreases. If AQI is showing a value of 500, that means you are standing in a hazardous surrounding. Have a look at the AQI chart below for more details.

Major Causes Of Air Pollution

It is well known to everyone how air pollution happens. It happens in many ways. Sometimes careless and reckless human activities lead to the major reasons for air pollution. Even though, here are some of the common causes of air pollution.

Burning of Plastic Wastes.

How do we avoid plastics from our houses? Either we throw them or light them up, right? These careless acts will lead to the worst pollution ever. Burning them releases toxic gases like dioxins, furans, mercury, and polychlorinated. These gases are a threat to the atmosphere, vegetation, humans, and animal health. If we throw them out, they can remain in the soil for 20-500 years before fully decomposing based on the material and structure. Over these years, it pollutes the soil and harms the earth.

So, burning and throwing plastic does not work and leads to air pollution or soil pollution in the long term perspective. Then what will we do? Well, we can recycle and reuse plastic to an extent. But once the plastic is melted and reformed into new products, the quality of plastic gets reduced. In addition, the quality of plastic will keep reducing with every successive recycling. Furthermore, recycling is limited to a number 3 or 4 times because of the quality compromise of plastic.

In fact, we only have a limited number of opportunities in the case of plastic. Either we reduce the use of plastic or recycle and reuse them as much as we can.

Limiting the use of plastic seems more practical and smooth in our day-to-day life. There are many instances where we can reduce the use of plastic. Here are some of the tracts where we can instantly act to limit the usages of plastic

Use cloth bags instead of plastics bags while going to the shops.
Use paper plates and tumblers instead of plastic ones when you arrange a tea party or get-togethers.
Use paper straws in restaurants and coffee shops.
Use paper bottled soft drinks.

There are more and more situations where we can reduce the unnecessary use of plastic covers and materials. It can turn out well when more people come forward with the same mindset of bringing down plastic use.

Are there any alternatives for plastic?

Yes, there are. But literally, there are no materials with the exact matching properties with plastic. For instance, properties like durability, strength, water-resistant, lightweight, and inexpensive are rare to find in materials without polymer as an ingredient. Scientists and researchers are trying to formulate materials with the matching properties as plastic but with less pollution.

As said earlier, there are many instances where we can reduce the use of plastic and always try to avoid it as much as we can. Even if they are baby steps towards reducing plastic, take it and help our environment. Moreover, be a part of keeping the city and your premises clean.

Industrial Emission

Industries play a colossal role in all kinds of pollutions. They contribute almost one-third to the overall when we compare industrial pollution with other causes. Industries will be the 2nd largest cause of air pollution, water pollution, and sound pollution. Pollutants like carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulfur dioxide are released when they operate factories and industries. The volume of pollutants released into the atmosphere is way more than we imagine and the problems they can make are huge.

It is necessary to know where the pollution happens and who pollutes the air the most. Studies say that industries that produce electricity pollute the atmosphere more than any other industry.

A considerable amount of pollutants is kicked from the industries when the continuous burning of fossil fuels happened. These emitted gases make the most of the troubles to the ozone layer and cause ozone layer depletion. We need both electricity and the earth. We can not avoid one or the other for any reason. The only way is to protect both without harming each other. The only solution for this will be the rise of green energy. Only the challenge facing is the continuous supply of energy. Green energy like solar and wind are very cost-effective and pollution-free when comparing to the traditional ones.

Each and every individual can contribute and can be a part of saving the earth from air pollution and global warming. Switch to green energy as much as we can and reduce the consumption of traditional electricity from the government or private companies. Nowadays, everybody has inverters in the home as a standard facility. It will not cost you much to connect 2 or 3 solar panels to the battery and save 60% power usage from the traditional electric supply.

How can we reduce industrial air pollution?

As we said earlier, industries and factories are essential for the growth of the people and nation. We can’t stop factories in the name of air pollution. What we can do is, we can find some ways to reduce the amount of air pollution. For instance, we should try to convert these harmful gases to regular gases with the help of proper techniques and setups.

Most importantly, people living near industrial areas are very likely to have many allergies and lung diseases. Always wear a mask when you are going out or going near industrial and factory areas. If you are working in an industrial area, always wear a mask and other safety gear to ensure maximum safety.

Wildfires can take place at any time. It is an unplanned and uncontrolled fire caused by lightning strikes. As the name says, it occurs largely in forest areas. Mostly, the lighting strikes on the trees, branches, dry grass, and then the fire is generated. Eventually, this fire will spread to other trees, branches, and grasses and becomes wildfires, and causes air pollution.

Wildfires are common forested areas of the United States and Canada. It is one of the causes of air pollution, deforestation, and animal extinction. In a wildfire, many animals lose their lives and shelter. Some get burns and wounds in the running through the wildfire.

All these will continue until fire settles down. Sometimes it takes 2-3 days to settle down completely. But in the end, we lose animals, trees, the environment, and what not?

Also, sometimes the causes of wildfire can be different. Sometimes it happens due to the carelessness of people living around the forest. For instance, even trash burning and campfires can spread fire if not concerned well. So it is always recommended to take precautions while doing wildfire potential activities.

Wildfires get worse when unattended. If you notice any fires or burns that need attention, call the authorities. Sometimes the fire can be controlled before getting worse.

Transportation

Transportation holds a neck-to-neck position with industries in the rate of air pollution. As we all know, the number of vehicles on the road is increasing day by day. Just look around, we could see houses with more than three vehicles even if they don’t need all of them. As the number of vehicles increases, the rate of pollution also tends to be increased. Old model vehicles are more likely to produce more pollution than new ones. Because when the vehicles get older and older, the amount of carbon emission increases. The rate of pollution is still on the rise even after the government and authorities made pollution laws strict.

Every country has its own vehicle emission standards or norms for the safety of the environment and people living in the country. But still, transportation holds the position for the majority of air pollutions happening around the world.

How can we reduce pollution caused by vehicles?

Earlier, it was challenging to find an alternative for fuels like petrol or diesel. Right now, technology has improved – researchers found a better alternative solution for the petrol and diesel engines for automobiles. Yes, they are EV’s. Electric vehicles are completely different from traditional vehicles. They are pollution-free and highly efficient than fuel engines. Electric vehicles can be charged from the house or charging stations in and around the city. EV’s have 5x efficiency more than the regular diesel or petrol-fueled automobiles and 4x lesser reduced pollution.

EV’s are on the rise. By 2025, at least 50% of the new vehicles coming out from the factories will be electric vehicles. It will seriously help to reduce the rate of pollution to some extend. People will switch to EV’s when companies launch better models with luxury and comfort.

It may sound crazy to most of us. But think about walking a little every day and avoid taking cars or bikes for smaller distances. Or, use a bicycle to travel nearby. It will help us to improve both our health and the earth’s health.

What are the health issues due to air pollution?

The quality of the air we breathe is very crucial. Poor quality can cause many health diseases in both adults and kids. Especially to the people living in cities, the chances of getting a disease like heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and acute lower respiratory infections are very high.

Long-term exposure to polluted air in kids can lead to loss of lung capacity, asthma and emphysema. In addition, senior citizens are more likely to get allergies and breathing difficulties since they are less immune to the conditions. As a precaution to all of these, we can wear a mask while going out and traveling. If you are living in a highly polluted area, consider buying an air purifier for your home. An air purifier can help to improve the quality of air by filtering and thereby enabling a healthy environment inside our home for everyone.

How does air pollution affect environmental health?

The toxic gases also affect the environment in the same way. As the amount of harmful gases increases in the earth, the uncertainty of the environment’s health also increases. Changes in climates like temperature hikes, monsoon pattern shifts, and unexpected cyclones are a few examples. In these, ozone layer depletion is being the most complicated one.

We already know what is an ozone layer, and whats does it do? Let’s recall them for a while. The ozone layer is a part of the earth’s atmosphere, and it absorbs almost all of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet light. Guess what will happen when the ozone layer gets holes. All the harmful rays will fall into the animals, plants, and people on earth through the ozone layer holes. Studies say that by 2064 the ozone layer concentration levels may come to zero if the rate of pollution continues invariably. If that happens, the earth will not be a suitable place to live. The fun factor is, we don’t have any space other than earth to live right now. So, we have to protect the planet from being a desert.

Day by day, the rate of pollution is increasing. The hard truth is, nobody is really caring about the future of our planet. Even the government and authorities are keeping their eyes closed on social issues like global warming, air pollution, and soil erosion. If it keeps going like this, the earth will become uninhabitable.

Protecting the earth from pollutions is not deputed on somebody else. Each one of us should take responsibility and behave sensibly to protect the earth from pollution.

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The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1981 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act, 1981

State pollution control boards ... operation or process shall discharge or emit or permit to be discharged or emitted any environmental pollutants in excess of ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

A presentation for the regulators
Miss Charu Gupta
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The presence in air, beyond certain limits, of various pollutants discharged through industrial emission and from certain human activities connected with traffic, heating, use of demestic fuel, refuse incinerations, etc has a detremental effect on the health of the people as also on animal life, vegetation and property.
The Central Government legislated the bill to implement the decisions taken regarding the preservation of the quality of Air and control of air pollution, in Stockholm in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held in June, 1972. (source Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Pt. 11, Sec. 2, dated the 24th November, 1980)
The Act is designed to prevent, control and abatement of air-pollution the provisions relate to preservation of quality of air and control of pollution. Keeping in view these objects the Act has provided for measures, which are preventive in nature, in the cases of indusries to be established and in the case of indusries already established, they are remedial. In the case of estblished industries, it insists on obtaining consent of Board, making the industy amenable to the administrative control of the Board. Once a consent is given, the Board can issue orders, directions etc which are to be complied with by the industry. ( Chaitanya Pulvarising Industry v. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, A.I.R. 1987 Kant. 82 at p. 86.)
air pollutant means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance including noise present in the atmosphere in such concentration as may be or tend to be injurious to human beings or other living creatures or plants or property or environment.
air pollution means the presence in the atmosphere of any pollutant.
approved appliance means any equipment or gadget used for the burning of any combustible material or for generating or consuming any fume, gas or particulate matter and approved by State Board for the purpose of this Act.
approved fuel means any fuel approved by the State Board for the purposes of this Act.
chimney includes any structure with an opening or outlet from or through which any air pollutant may be emitted.
control equipment means any apparatus, device, equipment or system to control the quality and manner of emission of any air pollutant and includes any device used for securing the efficient operation of any industrial plant.
emission means any solid or liquid or gaseous substance coming out of any chimney, duct or flue or any other outlet.
board means the Central Board or a State Board.
Central Pollution Control Board constituted under section 3 of the Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was authorized to exercise the powers and performs the functions for the prevention and control of air pollution.
State Pollution Control Boards constituted under section 4 of the Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was authorized to exercise the powers and performs the functions for the prevention and control of air pollution.
The main functions of the Central Board is to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country
Some functions of the Central Board. In performance of its functions, Central Board may
?Advice the Central Government on any matter concerning the improvement of the quality of air and the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution.
?Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Board, carry out and sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of air pollution and prevention, control or abatement of air pollution.
?Perform such of the functions of any state board as may be specified in an order made under sub-section 2 of section 18
?lay down standards for the quality of air.
?Collect and disseminate information in respect of matters relating to air pollution.
The new National Minimum standards for Air Quality has been notified by the CPCB under sub-section (2)(h) of section 16 of the Act on 18th November 2009, and has been made effective from that date, for whole of India
In the new notification only two categories of area has been created Eco Sensitive Areas (notified by Central Government) and non Eco Sensitive Area.
Some functions of the State Board. In performance of its functions, State Board shall
?Plan a comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution and secure the execution thereof,
?collect and disseminate information relating to air pollution
inspect, at all reasonable times, any control equipment, industrial plant, or manufacturing process and to give, by order, such directions to such persons as it may consider necessary to take steps for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution
?advice the State Government with respect to the suitability of any premises or location for carrying on any industry which is likely to cause air pollution
?to lay down, in consultation with the Central Board and having regard to the standards, for the quality of air laid down by the Central Board, standards for emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere from Industrial plants and automobiles or for the discharge of any air pollutant into the atmosphere from any other source whatsoever not being a ship or an aircraft
?to perform such other functions as may be prescribed or as may, from time to time, be entrusted to it by the Central Board or the State Government.
The Central Board shall be bound by such directions in writing as the Central Government may give to it. (section 18(1)(a)
Every State Board shall be bound by such directions in writing as the Central Board or the State Government may give to it. (section 18(1)(b)
Where the Central Government is of the opinion that any State Board has defaulted in complying with any directions given by the Central Board under sub-section (1) and as a result of such default a grave emergency has arisen and it is necessary or expedient so to do in public interest, it may by order, direct the Central Board to perform any of the functions of the state Board in relation to such area, for such period and for such purposes, as may be specified in the order. section 18 (2)
Though the section 18(1)(b) of the Act gives power to the State Government to give directions to a State Board but the directions do not have binding effect if those are inconsistent with the provisions of the Act.
There is no provision under which the Parliament has vested any discretion with the State Government to grant exemption to any particular industrial plant or class of plant. The state board of Karnatka exempted 115 industrial plants in its resolution purportedly on the directions of the state government. The high court of Karnatka quashed the resolution. (K. Muniswamy Gowda v. State of Karnatka, 1998 (3) Kant. L.J, 594 at P. 608)
With a view to ensuring that the standards for emission of air pollutants from automobiles laid down by the State Board under Cl. (g) of sub section (1) of Section 17 are complied with, the State Government shall, in consultation with the State Board, give such instructions as may be deemed necessary to the concerned authority in charge of registration of motor vehicles under the Motor Vehicles Act, (4 of 1939) and such authority shall, notwithstanding anything contained in that Act or the rules made thereunder be bound to comply with such instructions.
Honble Supreme Court of India with a view to tackle problems arising out of chaotic traffic conditions and vehicular pollution and not being satisfied with the steps taken by the concerned authorities in addressing themselves to those problems, issued certain directions accepting the report of Bhure Lal Committee, as it was felt by the court that any further delay in the performance of its duty by the Administration could not be remitted. ( M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (1998) 3 B.L.J.R. 2194 at p. 2195(SC)
Subject to the provisions of the section 21 of the Act, no person shall, without the previous consent of the state Board, establish or operate any Industrial Plant in an air pollution control area.
The person who wants to establish or operate any Industrial Plant has to move an application for consent of the Board accompanied by prescribed fees in a prescribed form and with the particular of the Industrial plant and other particulars as may be prescribed.
Applicability of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
Section 7 of the Act envisaged No person carrying on any industry, operation or process shall discharge or emit or permit to be discharged or emitted any environmental pollutants in excess of such standards as may be prescribed.
The State Board has to dispose off the application received by any person for consent for establishing or to operate within a period of four months.
The State Board can grant the consent subject to conditions and for some certain period by recording in the order.
The State Board can refuse a further consent after the expiry of the granted consent or cancel an already granted consent before the expiry of the period if the conditions imposed in the order have not been fulfilled after according an opportunity of hearing to the person.
It is the responsibility of the state board that it should not permit to be discharged any environmental pollutants in excess of the standards specified in sechedule 1to schedule VI of The EP Rules, 1986.
Every person to whom consent has been granted by the State Board shall comply with the following conditions, namely-
The control equipment of such specifications as the state board may approve in this behalf shall be installed and operated in the premises where the industry is carried on or proposed to be carried on
The existing control equipment, if any, shall be altered or replaced in accordance with the directions of the State Board
The control equipment referred to in Cl. (i) or (ii) shall be kept at all times in good running conditions
Chimney, wherever necessary, of such specifications as the state board may approve in this behalf shall be erected or re-erected in such premises.
Such other conditions as the State Board, may specify in this behalf and
The conditions referred to in Cls. (i), (ii) and (iv) shall be complied with within such period as the State Board may specify in this behalf.
Has to submit Environmental statement as has been made mandatory under section 14 of The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
Till The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was legislated by the Parliament of India, the State Boards were having powers to lay down the standards for air pollutants to be discharged in the atmosphere, under clause (g) of sub-section (1) of Section 17.
Since 1986, Central Government has been issuing Standards for Emissions under the provisions of Environment protection Act and its Rules. These standards has been specified in schedule 1 to VI of the Environment (Protection) Rules 1986.
Central Board or State Boards may specify more stringent standards than those specified in schedule 1 to VI of the EP Rules.
The officers of the Board have been empowered to take samples of air or emission by the Act.
For analyzing the samples the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette establish one or more State Air Laboratories.
The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint persons having the prescribed qualifications to be Government analysts for the purpose of analysis of samples of air or emission.
State Board may, by notification in the official Gazette, and with the approval of the State Government, appoint persons having prescribed qualifications to be Board analyst for the purpose of analysis of samples of air or emissions.
Under section 31-A of the Air Act, the Board may, in the exercise of its power and performance of its functions under the Act, issue any directions in writing to any person, officer or authority, and such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions and it is also empowered under sub-section(a) and (b) of Section 31-A to direct the closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process or the stoppage or regulation of supply of electricity, water or any other services.
Whoever fails to comply with the provisions of Section 21 or Section 22 or directions issued under Section 31-A, shall, in respect of such failure, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year and six months but which may extend to six years and with fine, and in case the failure continues, with an additional fine which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such filure continues after the conviction for the firest such failure.
If the failure referred above continues beyond a period of one year after the date of conviction, the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than two years but which may extend to seven years and with fine.
Whoever contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or any order or direction issued thereunder, for which no penalty has been elsewhere provided in this Act, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both, and in the case of continuing contravention, with an additional fine which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention continues after conviction for the first such contravention. (Section 39)
The officials of the State Board and even the State Board who have been given/delegated powers for the execution of this act can be penalized for contravention of those provisions which have to be enforced by them,.
Those also can be penalized for contravening the directions issued by the Central Board for the performance of this Act
Allowing the Industries without a Consent to Establish
Allowing the Industries to operate without granting a legal valid consent
Not taking any decision on the applications of the industries within prescribed statutory period of four months.
Allowing the industries to operate after the expiry of already granted consent.
Issuing Consent to operate for the period which has already been expired.
Non Notifying the Analyst for analyzing the samples as required under section 29(2) of This Act.
Issuing consent to operate without monitoring the Industries, required as per the directions issued by the Central Board.
Consent can neither be withheld nor granted without proper examination.
The Air Act is a beneficial legislation which is enacted for the purpose of proper maintenance of nature and health of public at large. Hence, even if it is possible to have two opinions on the construction of the provisions of the Act, the one which advances the object of the Act and is in favour of the people at large for whose benefit the Act is Passed, has to be accepted. (AIR 2005 S.C. 3136)
It is not the intent of law that the community as a whole or a large number of complainants come forward to lodge their complaint or protest against the nuisance, that does not require any particular number of complaints. (Krishan Gopal v. State of Madhya Pradesh, 1986 Cr. L.J. 396 at pp. 399,400,401 (MP)
I do expect that now-on-wards the Board and its officers would adhere to the provisions of the Act and follow the directions issued by the Central Board to execute the Act in letter and spirit and in the benefits of the common people for whose health and for providing clean air this Act has been legislated by the Parliament of India.

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Guidelines and Guidance Library
Core Practices
Isolation Precautions Guideline
Disinfection and Sterilization Guideline
Environmental Infection Control Guidelines
Hand Hygiene Guidelines
Multidrug-resistant Organisms (MDRO) Management Guidelines
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) Prevention Guideline
Tools and resources
Evaluating Environmental Cleaning

CDC's Core Infection Prevention and Control Practices for Safe Healthcare Delivery in All Settings

At a glance.

Core Infection Prevention and Control Practices for Healthcare

Introduction

Adherence to infection prevention and control practices is essential to providing safe and high quality patient care across all settings where healthcare is delivered

This document concisely describes a core set of infection prevention and control practices that are required in all healthcare settings, regardless of the type of healthcare provided. The practices were selected from among existing CDC recommendations and are the subset that represent fundamental standards of care that are not expected to change based on emerging evidence or to be regularly altered by changes in technology or practices, and are applicable across the continuum of healthcare settings. The practices outlined in this document are intended to serve as a standard reference and reduce the need to repeatedly evaluate practices that are considered basic and accepted as standards of medical care. Readers should consult the full texts of CDC healthcare infection control guidelines for background, rationale, and related infection prevention recommendations for more comprehensive information.

The core practices in this document should be implemented in all settings where healthcare is delivered. These venues include both inpatient settings (e.g., acute, long-term care) and outpatient settings (e.g., clinics, urgent care, ambulatory surgical centers, imaging centers, dialysis centers, physical therapy and rehabilitation centers, alternative medicine clinics). In addition, these practices apply to healthcare delivered in settings other than traditional healthcare facilities, such as homes, assisted living communities, pharmacies, and health fairs.

Healthcare personnel (HCP) referred to in this document include all paid and unpaid persons serving in healthcare settings who have the potential for direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious materials, including body substances, contaminated medical supplies, devices, and equipment; contaminated environmental surfaces; or contaminated air.

CDC healthcare infection control guidelines 1-17 were reviewed, and recommendations included in more than one guideline were grouped into core infection prevention practice domains (e.g., education and training of HCP on infection prevention, injection and medication safety). Additional CDC materials aimed at providing general infection prevention guidance outside of the acute care setting 18-20 were also reviewed. HICPAC formed a workgroup led by HICPAC members and including representatives of professional organizations (see Contributors in archives for full list). The workgroup reviewed and discussed all of the practices, further refined the selection and description of the core practices and presented drafts to HICPAC at public meeting and recommendations were approved by the full Committee in July 2014. In October 2022, the Core Practices were reviewed and updated by subject matter experts within the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion at CDC. The addition of new practices followed the same methodology employed by the Core Practices Workgroup but also included review of pathogen-specific guidance documents 21-22 that were created or updated after July 2014. These additions were presented to HICPAC at the November 3, 2022 meeting. Future updates to the Core Practices will be guided by the publication of new or updated CDC infection prevention and control guidelines.

Core Practices Table

Infection control.

CDC provides information on infection control and clinical safety to help reduce the risk of infections among healthcare workers, patients, and visitors.

For Everyone

Health care providers, public health.

San Diego’s unusual deal to settle asbestos violations? Planting thousands of trees

A group of men and women in uniforms run in a line along a street past a training facility.

The city’s deal with the Air Pollution Control District over violations at a firefighter training facility and other city workplaces calls for $4.7 million for a tree-planting program

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Last month, when San Diego Mayor Todd Gloria appeared at a Logan Heights park to celebrate Arbor Day and announce a new urban forestry initiative, he spoke effusively about the many benefits of trees.

“They improve mental health. They provide shade and cooling. They help mitigate harmful carbon emissions,” the mayor said. “These are all really good things, in addition to being cool. Trees are awesome.”

What Gloria did not say at the Trees for Communities kickoff was that the program was being funded with millions of dollars in spending imposed by the county Air Pollution Control District.

San Diego city officials quietly agreed to pay almost $5 million to settle a series of asbestos-related violations related to the former Sempra Energy headquarters at 101 Ash St. and the San Diego Fire-Rescue training facility near Liberty Station.

The agreement called for the city to pay a $250,000 fine to the air-quality regulators, and to pay $4.7 million to launch a tree-planting program across its neediest neighborhoods to help mitigate the release of asbestos in and around the two city properties.

“Settlement of this matter shall not constitute an admission of liability of any kind in any administrative or judicial proceeding, nor shall evidence of the settlement be admissible in any such proceeding,” the six-page agreement states.

The deal was approved by San Diego officials in late December 2022.

Even though all but $250,000 was earmarked for new trees, the penalty far exceeds the average fines meted out by the Air Pollution Control District.

Regulators said the district typically collects about $1 million a year in fines.

According to the settlement, the city acknowledges that it was cited five times for asbestos violations — once at the training facility in early 2019, and four times at 101 Ash St. in 2019 and 2020.

But San Diego did not concede the merits of the violations. Under terms of the settlement, the alleged violations can only be evaluated if or when the city receives new, unrelated asbestos violations.

“If the district considers any of the NOVs subject to this agreement to determine an appropriate penalty for a newly alleged Notice of Violation, the city shall have the right to present any defenses or contrary proof concerning the facts of the alleged violations,” the pact states.

A sign warns of asbestos in the old Sempra Energy headquarters at 101 Ash St., pictured here on May 13, 2020.

Air Pollution Control District records show that the city was issued an asbestos violation at the San Diego Fire-Rescue training center in 2019, weeks after NBC 7 disclosed what appeared to be major safety lapses at the Harbor Drive facility.

“We heard firefighters were being exposed to potentially deadly asbestos at the San Diego Fire Academy,” NBC 7 reported in February 2019. “Public documents we obtained confirmed those fears and even worse suggest the department waited more than 15 years to fix the problem. Even now, thousands of current and former firefighters remain at risk for serious and sometimes fatal lung disease.”

The day after the NBC 7 report, air-quality regulators inspected the San Diego Fire-Rescue facility and found numerous places where training had disturbed tiles and sealing bonds over nearly two decades, exposing cadets and others to the cancer-causing agent.

“Although the training was identified in the (news) reports to be causing damage to asbestos-containing materials, no recommendations or actions were ever taken by the city to proactively remove asbestos-containing floor tiles prior to being damaged,” the Air Pollution Control District said.

‘Protecting our members’

The property between San Diego International Airport’s Terminal 2 and NTC Park across an inlet of San Diego Bay still operates as a training ground for city fire recruits and other law enforcement agencies. But cadets no longer crash through doors of the site’s abandoned buildings or scramble across floors as part of their training.

The asbestos settlement did not require San Diego to fully abate the longtime training facility, which includes numerous buildings scattered across several acres. But it did require the city to comply with all legal requirements that apply to the “removal, containment, shipping, transport and disposal” of asbestos-containing material.

Over the years, city officials conducted spot abatements in places across the facility where asbestos was exposed. But they never removed all of the tiles and other material that had presented a health hazard to fire recruits and others.

Use of the facility today is restricted to classroom instruction in rooms where asbestos threats have been formally remediated.

George Duordo, president of the San Diego city firefighters union, is satisfied that his members are no longer being exposed to hazardous materials while training at the facility, now known as the Regional Public Safety Training Institute. But the IAFF Local 145 leader wishes the Air Pollution Control District had required the city to hire an industrial hygienist to monitor the site.

“We were asking for it because that’s a proactive way of protecting our members,” Duardo said. “Firefighters are very good at responding to emergencies, but they are not always trained to avoid those long-term threats that are not immediately apparent.”

Recruits put out a simulated car fire after passing their final tests at the department training facility in 2019.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death for firefighters generally, due largely to their repeated exposure to hundreds of dangerous chemicals, vapors and other materials, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“Some of these hazardous substances are byproducts of combustion or burning, such as benzene and formaldehyde,” the CDC reported . “Others come from the materials burning or in the fire debris, such as asbestos from older structures.”

Former San Diego firefighter Kurtis Bennett, who first reported the asbestos exposures at the Harbor Drive training facility to his supervisors in 2018, said the violations took place over many administrations. Some current department leaders were exposed at the site earlier in their careers, he said.

But instead of confronting the danger head-on when they learned about the health threat, the department‘s then-leaders prevented meaningful intervention, Bennett said.

“After I reported the issue, leadership sought at every turn to minimize, misdirect, and downplay the significance of the asbestos issue at NTC,” the now-retired firefighter said by email.

“Publicly available SDAPCD documents do not support their position, instead finding that the City of SD and SDFD knew about the asbestos hazard at NTC since 2001 and that no recommendations or actions were ever taken to address the issue proactively,” he added.

Additional fines

Like it was at the San Diego Fire-Rescue training facility, asbestos was known to be inside the city’s leased office spaces at 101 Ash St. and the nearby high-rise at 1010 Second Ave. known as the Executive Complex.

But separate lawsuits filed against San Diego accused city officials of having overlooked complaints from workers that they were wrongly exposed to the known carcinogen.

Earlier this month, a Superior Court judge dismissed the Executive Complex case just before it was scheduled to go to trial, finding the claims were better adjudicated through the state workers’ compensation system. Lawyers who represented city workers pledged to appeal.

The city is also in the process of mediating legal complaints filed by workers who say they were exposed to asbestos inside the 101 Ash St. building, which remains unsafe to occupy due to it.

The Air Pollution Control District reached a settlement with the owners of the 1010 Second Ave. property in late 2020, records show. The deal imposed a $500,000 fine but stayed $350,000 of that, meaning the violators only had to pay $150,000 to resolve the 11 separate claims.

The landlord, Tower 180 Owner LLC, and its contractors also were ordered to pay a $70,000 fine and $5,000 for investigative costs to the county Department of Environmental Health.

Last year, the Air Pollution Control District also settled asbestos violations it had issued against contractors that did work inside the 101 Ash St. office tower.

West Coast General Corp. agreed to pay $130,000 without admitting any liability, and Argus Contracting agreed to pay a $125,000 penalty under a separate settlement.

San Diego’s settlement with air-quality officials calls for the city to spend nearly $4.7 million planting trees in underserved neighborhoods over a five-year period beginning in 2023.

The agreement does not specify how many trees are to be planted.

Kevin Garcia, of Urban Corps, helps plant one of 20 trees that were planted in Cesar Chavez Park.

Under the agreement, the Trees for Communities program is to focus primarily on the portside communities of Barrio Logan, Logan Heights, Sherman Heights, Grant Hill and Stockton. San Ysidro and neighborhoods in southeastern San Diego are designated as secondary and tertiary priorities.

Terms of the settlement also call on the city to file semi-annual updates with the Air Pollution Control District describing its progress on the planting program.

So far, the city’s only report — dated March 1 — indicates that just over $8,000 of the nearly $5 million designated for the project has been spent. It said three people were hired to manage the effort, but no trees had yet been planted.

A city spokesperson said the March report covered the six-month period ending Jan. 31. It did not include some 800 trees that have been planted since February and as part of the Arbor Day celebration, the spokesperson said.

The Air Pollution Control District operated as a county office for decades, but it became independent under a bill authored by Gloria when he served in the California Assembly.

As San Diego mayor, Gloria now serves on the APCD governing board .

Settlements are approved by staff, not the agency’s governing board, an agency spokesperson said. Gloria had no role in approving the resolutions with the city, the agency said.

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Disclosure statement

Nolwenn Hurel a reçu des financements par le Cerema Sud-Ouest pour cette étude, lui-même financé par le projet Européen 3SqAIR.

Gaelle Guyot a reçu des subventions de l'Ademe, l'ANR et la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Cerema provides funding as a member of The Conversation FR.

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Nous passons en moyenne 85 % de notre temps à l’intérieur de locaux . En France, on estime à environ 20 000 le nombre de décès annuels prématurés du fait de l’exposition à des polluants de l’air intérieur. La pollution de l’air intérieur représente également un coût économique de 19 milliards d’euros par an . Pourtant, malgré ces constats et les enseignements de la pandémie du Covid-19, elle fait l’objet d’un véritable déni.

Aux États-Unis, les gains directs de l’amélioration de la qualité de l’air intérieur sur la performance des travailleurs ont été chiffrés entre 20 et 200 milliards de dollars par an . Jusqu’à présent, le lien entre pollution de l’air intérieure et performances a surtout été étudié sur des adultes dans des bureaux.

Mais la situation des enfants dans les bâtiments scolaires mérite une attention particulière du fait de leur vulnérabilité aux polluants de l’ air intérieur et des spécificités des salles de classe.

Des cas d’asthme chez les élèves qui pourraient être évités

Les enfants sont beaucoup plus vulnérables à la pollution de l’air car ils se développent encore physiquement. Ils présentent des besoins métaboliques plus élevés et inhalent une plus grande quantité d’air que les adultes .

D’après des résultats récents de l’Agence Santé Publique France , ce sont plusieurs dizaines de milliers de cas d’asthme qui pourraient être évités chaque année chez les enfants de 6 à 11 ans, en réduisant leur exposition à certains polluants de l’air intérieur et aux moisissures dans les salles de classe.

Mais on sait encore peu de choses sur la manière dont cette pollution de l’air intérieur, notamment à l’école où les enfants passent 30 à 45 % de leur temps, va impacter leurs facultés et potentiels d’apprentissage. Pourtant les résultats scolaires ont des conséquences à vie pour l’élève et pour la société !

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Densité et renouvellement de l’air insuffisant en classe

Les salles de classe sont des lieux spécifiques. La densité de personnes dans les salles de classe est 4 à 5 fois plus élevée que dans les bureaux. Résultat : la production de polluants et de virus (virus saisonniers, Covid…) y est plus élevée.

Par ailleurs, la plupart des écoles sont anciennes et les moyens pour entretenir ces bâtiments sont limités. Il est établi qu’en France, le renouvellement de l’air est insuffisant dans les écoles. Ainsi, 85 % des écoles ne disposent pas de ventilation mécanique contrôlée ou VMC , contrairement à tous les logements construits depuis les années 80. L’air n’y est donc renouvelé que par l’ouverture des fenêtres, une pratique pourtant peu ancrée .

Un lien entre qualité de l’air intérieur et performances des élèves

La qualité de l’air intérieur dans les écoles peut principalement impacter les élèves à trois niveaux : leur confort, leur santé et leurs performances cognitives . Ces performances cognitives incluent : l’attention, la perception, la mémoire, la fonction langagière et les compétences cognitives d’ordre supérieur comme les fonctions exécutives, de raisonnement, de résolution de problèmes, de prise de décision… Ces trois impacts sont interdépendants, puisque les performances cognitives peuvent également être affectées par des problèmes de santé et d’inconfort.

Nos travaux de recherche ( AIVC Technical Note : Impact of indoor air quality on pupils’ cognitive performance – a literature review , à paraitre sur le site de l’Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre ou AIVC ) se sont focalisés sur les impacts directs de la qualité de l’air sur les performances cognitives, en laissant de côté les impacts indirects bien documentés, notamment sur les maladies et l’ assiduité scolaire des élèves .

Ils ont permis d’identifier et d’analyser 24 études scientifiques provenant de 12 pays occidentaux de 1990 aux années 2000, mettant en évidence le fait qu’il s’agit d’un sujet de recherche relativement nouveau et en pleine expansion.

Notre analyse permet de conclure que la qualité de l’air intérieur a un impact significatif sur les performances des élèves. Diverses fonctions cognitives sont affectées, en particulier les résultats des tests psychologiques, avec des effets sur la précision, l’attention et la vitesse d’exécution.

Même si la plupart des études n’ont mesuré que les concentrations de CO 2 pour caractériser la qualité de l’air, un lien étroit a été observé entre cette mesure et les performances des élèves, tout comme pour les concentrations de particules fines.

Améliorer l’air intérieur : un levier efficace et rentable à l’école

Comparés à d’autres stratégies visant à augmenter les performances des élèves, les avantages de l’amélioration de la qualité de l’air intérieur sont édifiants : ils sont du même ordre de grandeur que la mise en place d’incitations financières significatives pour les enseignants et les élèves, la réduction de la taille des classes de 31 à 25 élèves , le fait de ne pas sauter le petit-déjeuner ou encore de faire des siestes pendant la journée .

Il ressort de ces études que l’amélioration de la qualité de l’air peut être un moyen efficace et rentable d’améliorer les performances cognitives des élèves par rapport à d’autres stratégies.

Bon sens, sobriété chimique et ventilation efficace

Les solutions pour améliorer la qualité de l’air dans les bâtiments scolaires sont diverses et complémentaires. Nous confirmons qu’il est nécessaire d’éviter de chercher des « baguettes magiques technologiques » et de penser plutôt bon sens, sobriété chimique et ventilation efficace . Sachant qu’un système de ventilation adéquat représente un coût estimé à moins de 0,1 % des dépenses publiques courantes pour l’enseignement primaire et secondaire ].

À noter que des outils ont été développés pour aider les acteurs, comme le guide ECOL’AIR pour une meilleure qualité de l’air dans les crèches et les écoles ou encore le « cartable sain » pour aider les parents.

En pratique, des solutions pour limiter les polluants dans les bâtiments scolaires

- Faire la chasse aux sources intérieures de pollution

À l’école, pour choisir des matériaux pour le bâtiment, de l’ameublement, des appareils électriques, des produits de nettoyage, etc., il est indispensable de privilégier des produits peu polluants en se référant aux labels et étiquetages .

Évitez les tapis, la moquette ainsi que les matériaux souples et laissez aérer les meubles neufs avant de les mettre dans les salles de classe sont des pratiques qui aident également à limiter les émissions de polluants .

Enfin, dans des zones telles que les cuisines, salles de chimie et salles de stockage de produits chimiques (produits ménagers, peintures, etc.), il convient d’utiliser des systèmes de ventilation locale par extraction . À l’intérieur, il faudra aussi éviter la combustion à flamme nue.

- Anticiper pour limiter l’entrée de la pollution extérieure

Dans l’idéal, les écoles devraient être installées dans des lieux où l’air extérieur est le moins pollué possible. En pratique, en cas de pollution extérieure, il est indispensable d’installer des systèmes de ventilation avec filtres et entretien régulier.

Il convient par ailleurs d’anticiper les changements climatiques et environnementaux . Par exemple, l’ouverture des fenêtres peut être remise en cause par l’augmentation des vagues de chaleur qui nécessitent de maintenir les fenêtres fermées lorsque les élèves sont dans les salles de classe.

- Ventiler efficacement pour diluer les polluants restants

Il est important d’assurer des niveaux de ventilation suffisants et adaptés à l’occupation des salles. En France, ce sont les débits de ventilation précisés dans le Règlement sanitaire départemental type (pour les enfants) et le Code du travail (pour les personnels) qui s’appliquent dans les écoles.

Il est indispensable d’installer des systèmes de ventilation efficaces et de les entretenir régulièrement. Une odeur forte (renfermé, transpiration, etc.) peut alerter sur un dysfonctionnement.

Il est également fortement recommandé d’installer des dispositifs d’alerte « Qualité de l’air intérieur » (comme les capteurs CO 2 ) et de recourir à des kits pédagogiques. Ce sont des outils efficaces, qui ne se substituent pas à une ventilation adéquate et à des conseils de ventilation spécifiques à la classe.

Sensibiliser les enfants, les enseignants, les personnels d’entretien, etc.

Enfin, il faut sensibiliser les enfants et les différents acteurs : enseignants, personnels d’encadrement et d’entretien, concepteurs et gestionnaires des écoles et des crèches… Cette étape souvent oubliée est pourtant indispensable pour que toutes les précédentes soient réellement efficaces.

En conclusion, il est important de soulever que les efforts volontaires au niveau local ne sont pas suffisants sans politique ambitieuse et moyens associés en matière de qualité environnementale dans les écoles.

Depuis 2018 et encore plus fortement depuis 2023 , la surveillance de la qualité de l’air est obligatoire dans les écoles et dans d’autres établissements accueillant des enfants et le Cerema appuie les collectivités dans leurs projets .

Mais la France reste un des pays industrialisés avec les plus faibles investissements publics par habitant en matière de qualité de l’air intérieur ( 1,5 euro par habitant, contre plus de 30 euros par habitant aux USA et Canada ).

Une partie de ces résultats a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet européen 3SqAIR (Sustainable Smart Strategy for Air Quality Assurance in Classrooms) co-financé par le European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) avec le programme the Interreg SUDOE V.

Cet article a été coécrit par Nolwenn Hurel, Gaëlle Guyot, Andrés Litvak, Valérie Leprince et Cécile Caudron, Cerema, Bron, France.

air intérieur
pollution environnementale
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improving environment.

Maseno school installs air quality sensors to curb illness, the air quality sensors gadgets were from stockholm environment institute of africa centre..

Owino said the tools will help them to determine air pollution in the school that results in chest complications among the learners.

“We have learners who have some chest complications in the school. The gadget will help us determine when and how we can handle such cases,” Owino said.

Maseno School Chief Principal Peter Owino addressing learners in the school after the installation ofd Air Quality sensor.

Maseno School Chief Principal Peter Owino has said the installation of air quality sensors in the school will help the institution curb illness among the learners.

The principal was speaking at the school after receiving and installing an air quality sensor from the Stockholm Environment Institute of Africa Centre.

“We had signed an MOU with this Institution over the gadget and we are happy they have brought it and installed it now we can tell at what time our air is polluted or not,” the Principal told the press.

He said with the gadget, they will be able to know at which time the air is polluted for them to take appropriate action.

Maseno School Chief Principal Peter Owino being assisted by one of his staff members to plant a tree after launching the Installation of air Quality Sensor in the school

“A key factor that may lead to pollution in this institution is when we have construction, burning of unwanted materials among other things,” Owino said.

Philip Osano the CEO of the Stockholm Environment Institute of Africa Centre said it is time to engage learning institutions to fight air, water and environment pollution.

He said by engaging learning institutions, Kenya will be able to reach its target of planting one billion trees in the Country.

“With those trees, we are able to curb landslides, and floods and control carbon which largely affects our breathing system,” Osano cited.

He said people and other learning institutions should invest heavily in indigenous trees that are environmentally friendly.

Varsity students’ innovation to fight air pollution bags award

New study shows there are high levels of carbon monoxide in nairobi, most popular, 31 busia mcas sent home as azimio takes control assembly, latest videos, ruto feted with outstanding leaders award in us, gikomba traders stranded after stalls earmarked for demolition, sign up for the free star email newsletter and receive the latest kenya news daily..

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