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Interior Design Business Plans: The Ultimate Guide

As an interior designer, you already understand the importance of creating plans. Design plans, project plans, floor plans—they’re the foundation upon which your creative vision takes shape. But did you know that creating a business plan is also a pivotal step in building a successful design firm? 

An interior design business plan documents your vision, goals, strategy, and blueprint for growing your business. Think of your interior design business plan as a roadmap, guiding you forward, step by step. 

In this post, I’ll dive into exactly why interior design business plans are critical for the growth of your firm, and how you can create one that sets you up for success. 

Table of Contents

Why do you need a business plan as a designer?

You might be asking yourself this question, wondering if it’s really worth the effort. The answer is a resounding yes. It’s not enough to be an excellent designer. You also need to know how to run a business. And trying to run a business without a plan is sort of like driving to an unfamiliar destination without a map or GPS. You might have a general sense of where you’re headed, but without precise directions and landmarks to guide you, the journey becomes fraught with uncertainty and unnecessary detours. 

By creating a business plan, you can hopefully avoid those detours and move forward with conviction and purpose.

A well-crafted business plan, which documents the goals of your business and strategies and timelines for attaining those goals, will provide you with the scaffolding necessary to build the design firm of your dreams. It will also help keep you accountable. By regularly referencing back to your business plan, you can quickly get a snapshot of your progress and what still needs to be done.

A business plan is also a great way to stay aligned with present and/or future team members, ensuring everyone is on the same page and headed in the same direction. And if you decide to seek investors at any point, having a business plan on-hand will be incredibly useful.

How to write an interior design business plan? (11 steps)

Crafting an interior design business plan requires thorough research, strategic thinking, and a clear understanding of your objectives. Here are the essential steps to help you create a comprehensive and actionable plan for your design firm:

1. Define your vision and goals

Start by digging deep and articulating your long-term vision for your interior design business. Establish specific, measurable goals that align with your vision, including financial objectives, timelines, and growth milestones. This process involves envisioning where you see your business in the next 5-10 years and setting tangible targets that reflect both your aspirations and the realities of the market.

Check out our workshop on getting paid what you’re worth with Gail Doby to help you unleash your business vision and goals.

2. Identify your target market

If you haven’t already done so, now is the time to conduct a detailed analysis of your target market—their needs, preferences, and demographics—and get it down on paper. This information will help you tailor your services and messaging to consistently meet the needs of your ideal client, and serve as a North Star, which you can keep referring back to in the future. Understanding your target market is crucial for effective marketing, service development, and client acquisition strategies.

Grab our detailed guide on getting crystal clear on your ideal target client .

3. Outline your services

When defining the range of services your interior design business will offer, you must consider the preferences and requirements of your target market, your own bandwidth, and your financial goals. Once you’ve landed on the services you plan to offer, provide detailed descriptions and breakdowns of each. You also want to ensure that you’ve created a pricing strategy for each service that reflects both the value you provide and the market demand.

Get our ultimate pricing guide to help set accurate prices for your services .

4. Plan your finances

Develop a comprehensive financial plan for your interior design business, including revenue projections, expenses, and profit targets. Determine your startup costs, ongoing expenses, and revenue streams. Set clear financial goals and establish strategies to achieve them, such as pricing strategies, budget allocation, and revenue diversification. You’ll also want to think about your tax strategy and explore potential sources of funding or investment to fuel your growth.

Watch our workshop with Megan Dahle on managing and understanding your finances like a pro .

5. Develop a marketing strategy

While you may want to consider creating a separate marketing plan, you should also factor marketing into your interior design business plan. Outline your strategy for attracting clients, identify the channels you’ll need to reach your target audience, and develop a plan for creating messaging and branding that will communicate your value proposition effectively. This involves leveraging various marketing channels, such as social media, your website, networking events, and partnerships and collaborations, to build brand awareness and generate qualified leads.

Check out our guide with 9 proven ways to get clients (+tutorials!) .

6. Build your team

Assess the team you will need to support your interior design business, considering factors such as expertise, skills, and workload. Determine the roles and responsibilities required to operate your business efficiently, including designers, project managers, assistants, and external contractors. Consider the hours per week required from each team member to meet your business objectives, and consider whether you need to invest in ongoing training and development to optimize your outcomes.

7. Define operational processes

Establish operational processes and workflows to streamline your interior design business operations. Define protocols for client communication, project management, and quality assurance to ensure consistency and efficiency. Determine the hours per week needed to manage various aspects of your business effectively, and leverage technology and automation tools, like the ones you can access with DesignFiles, to optimize your workflow and enhance productivity.

Watch our workshop on advanced project management strategy with Kimberley Seldon .

8. Assess and mitigate risk

Identify potential risks and challenges that may affect your interior design business and develop strategies to mitigate them. Consider factors such as economic fluctuations, market competition, and project delays. Implement contingency plans and risk management strategies to minimize disruptions and ensure the continuity of your business. 

9. Set milestones and timelines

Break down your goals into actionable milestones with specific timelines for achieving them. Establish measurable criteria for success and track your progress regularly. Determine the hours per week required to meet your milestones and allocate resources accordingly to stay on track. Regularly review your timelines, and adjust if needed to reflect changes in market conditions, client feedback, and internal priorities.

Watch our live hotseat coaching sessions with Nancy Ganzekaufer to get inspired on your next goal .

10. Monitor and adapt

Continuously monitor your interior design business’s performance and adapt your strategies as needed to capitalize on opportunities and address challenges. Stay flexible and responsive to changes in the market, client preferences, and industry trends. Regularly review and update your business plan to reflect evolving circumstances and ensure alignment with your goals. 

11. Seek feedback and collaboration

Seek feedback from mentors, peers, coaches, and other industry experts to refine your interior design business plan. Don’t shy away from leveraging external insights to enhance your business strategy and drive growth.

Looking for a pro community? Join the DesignFiles Facebook group with over 10,000 interior designers.

3 sample interior design business plans

Check out these examples to inspire your own business plan.

1. Interior design business plan example by Wix

This sample business plan does a great job of outlining all the key areas of the business in a clear and succinct way. By keeping it concise, this business plan is easy to follow and digest. 

We recommend diving a little deeper into topics such as target market. If you can get more specific in creating your personas—for example, getting clear on the age range and kinds of budgets of your ideal client—that will help you be more targeted in all your strategies. We also recommend going into more detail with your competitive analysis as really digging into what your competitors are doing will help you strengthen your own plan.

Finally, going into more detail about your marketing and financial plans will help give you a clearer direction for moving forward. While you can certainly create separate more detailed documents for each, where you get into the nitty gritty, it’s still helpful to include as much detail as possible in your overall business plan so everything is in one place.

2. Interior design business plan example by OGS Capital

This more substantive business plan example  goes into much greater detail, including graphics and cost breakdowns. While you don’t necessarily need to go into this level of granular detail in your business plan, it’s always helpful to look at different examples and approaches so you can tailor yours. Ultimately your business plan needs to be unique to your own business, needs, and goals. 

3. Business News Daily business plan template

Ready to create your own? This business plan template from Business News Daily is a great resource to help you get started in creating your own interior design business plan. 

As you get started on crafting your interior design business plan, remember it’s more than just a document. By investing the necessary time and reflection now to create a solid plan, you’re laying the foundation from which the rest of your business will grow and evolve. 

In addition to outlining the tangible elements of your business strategy, your business plan also embodies your vision and values, serving as your compass as you move forward.

Ready to grow your design business? Create a strong foundation with the most intuitive software and save dozens of hours each month. Learn more about DesignFiles.

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How to Start a Graphic Design Business in 10 Steps

Preston Lee

Preston Lee is the founder of Millo where he and his team have been helping freelancers thrive for over a decade. His advice has been featured by Entrepreneur, Inc, Forbes, Adobe, and many more. Learn more »

Adam Wright

Adam Wright is the Content Manager at Millo, in addition to running his own graphic and web design business, Adam Wright Design. When he's not working on his business, you can find him watching hockey or just about any type of racing. Learn more »

1. Find your first graphic design clients

2. set your pricing, 3. name your graphic design business, 4. build a basic website, 5. develop a simple business plan, 6. communicate with your clients, 7. deliver high-quality projects on-time, 8. write and send professional invoices, 9. collect payments from your design clients, 10. ask for referrals, repeat steps 5-10 regularly in order to grow.

BIG NEWS! We just released The Freelance Files , a collection of professional done-for-you email scripts, contracts, invoices, and more for smarter freelancing. The first 50 customers, save 50% with this link .

Starting a graphic design business can be an exhilarating and exciting adventure whether you’re hoping to work for yourself full-time or just make a little extra money from an on-the-side design business.

And it’s pretty straightforward too if you’re willing to put in the work.

I’ve coached thousands of graphic designers over the last 10+ years through this blog , our podcast , and our mastermind group . So in this article, I’ll take everything I’ve learned after a decade of coaching to help you know exactly what to do to start a graphic design business . I’ve broken the process into 10 steps, which you’ll find below.

• Always start with finding clients—never anything else.
• Develop a solid business plan that includes your pricing structure, marketing strategy, and financial projections.
• Build a strong online presence and create a professional portfolio that showcases your skills and expertise.
• Establish relationships with other designers, freelancers, and industry professionals to build a strong network and generate referrals.
• Focus on providing exceptional customer service and building positive relationships with clients to ensure repeat business and ongoing success.

You might find it surprising, but my first step is to secure design clients.

What about crafting your portfolio, deciding on a business name, or obtaining a business license, you might ask?

Indeed, these elements are crucial.

However, I’ve observed many designers get lost in these preliminary tasks and burn out before they even engage with potential clients. Initiating a graphic design venture can become daunting if you start with the minutiae of business operations.

Therefore, we’ll kick off your design business on a positive note by securing your initial design clients. Once you have a few clients ready to compensate you for your work, you’ll be amazed at the surge of excitement, energy, and drive within you.

With this newfound momentum, you’ll find yourself well-equipped to address the remaining tasks.

Therefore, goal #1: find graphic design clients .

Where do you find graphic design clients?

If you’re a beginner at small business, you might be asking yourself: Where can I even begin to find my first design clients?

Lucky for you, finding graphic design clients has literally never been easier. There are hundreds of freelance job sites around the web to help you find exactly the kinds of clients you’re looking for.

For example, sites like Fiverr offer a huge marketplace of entry-level clients that can get you started when learning how to start a graphic design business. These most likely aren’t the kinds of clients you want to work with forever (although some may be), but they’re a great way to get some experience, a few portfolio pieces, some cash, and some confidence.

You can also find some nice entry-level work on sites like Upwork . Upwork is one of the most popular freelance marketplaces in the world and you’ll find access to thousands of graphic design jobs there.

To take action: here are 2 of our favorite sites to find design clients fast:

SolidGigs’ team of fellow freelancers combs through thousands of freelance job boards every weekday and posts the very best leads to your custom inbox.

You can learn more about SolidGigs here .

Next up is the largest freelance services marketplace in the world (at least I think it is). It’s called Upwork and lots of freelancers have built their own six-figure businesses on the back of this powerful platform, including this guy .

In the beginning, don’t be too picky

When you’re in the early stages, you might encounter seasoned freelancers and “experts” advising you to be choosy about your clientele.

They can afford such selectiveness, can’t they? After all, they’ve been at the helm of their small businesses for years, with client acquisition now a routine matter for them.

But you? You’re in immediate need of graphic design clients.

In the beginning, it’s wise to accept any reasonable graphic design work at a fair price. The potential of these initial projects is often underestimated.

At the very least, they’ll furnish you with confidence, experience, and valuable additions to your portfolio. In the best-case scenario, they might evolve into enduring, profitable business connections or serve as gateways to additional clientele.

Your client roster can be refined over time. However, for now, avoid being overly selective to the point where your graphic design venture never takes flight. This very trap has led to the downfall of many aspiring designers.

Now, let’s dive into the topic of your pricing structure.

Are you thinking of billing your clients on an hourly basis, per project, or according to the value you provide?

For those just beginning, hourly rates are straightforward and quite prevalent, but you might consider other pricing strategies as you gain more ground.

Figuring out what to charge graphic design clients

Deciding on your rates can be daunting. To assist, we’ve developed a complimentary calculator to help pinpoint your ideal charge.

But let’s be real—if you’re at a complete loss about your rates, just pick a starting point. Should a prospect hesitate at your quote, you might adjust downward slightly. Conversely, if there’s no negotiation from the client’s side, consider increasing your rate for the next project.

You’ll eventually find a sweet spot for your pricing. Make it a habit to reassess your rates regularly. You might be surprised at how much you can command as you progress.

With a few clients under your belt and the confidence for the long journey ahead, it’s time to establish the foundation of your solid small business, beginning with a thoughtfully chosen business name.

Deciding between using your own name or creating a business name

A common initial query for anyone starting in graphic design might be:

“Should I use my own name, or should I craft a unique business name?”

The straightforward answer is: it’s not overly critical. Choose something that resonates with you. Remember, you can always opt for a change down the line.

Delving deeper, the decision warrants some consideration.

While my suggestion is to select a name and forge ahead (bearing in mind that changes are feasible, albeit not ideal, but certainly manageable), the process of choosing your graphic design business’s name might necessitate more deliberation.

The name you settle on can influence various aspects of your design business, such as:

• Your potential to command higher rates for your design work.
• The ease with which people recall your brand.
• The type of design projects you’ll attract, including the industry, quality, and magnitude.
• The likelihood of being recommended by others.
• Your legal ability to operate without violating copyright or trademark laws.
• And much more…

My top advice for naming your graphic design business

To keep the process straightforward, here’s my prime piece of advice for naming:

Prioritize simplicity: ensure it’s easy to pronounce, remember, and spell

It’s tempting to get overly intricate, witty, or inventive with your design business’s name. Instead, aim for simplicity. Your business name should be easily articulated, spelled, and recalled by potential clients.

Make sure it’s available on the web

Before you fall in love with any name too much, you should check its availability around the web. Are the social media channels you hope to use (if any) available? Is there a domain that works well for your design company name?

In order to keep your ideas safe from domain squatters use something like Bluehost or Dreamhost  to check domain availability without risking it being parked or squatted.

Ensure you personally love it & it speaks to the vision of your company

While I really don’t want you to get paralyzed by the task of choosing a domain name (see the next point) it’s also critical that you feel good about your name and it speaks to the vision of your graphic design business.

You’re going to have to say the name of your business a lot. You’ll have to type it. You’ll have to speak it out loud. And if you feel silly about it or have to explain the context or feel the need to pronounce it for people, that’s going to get old really fast.

Don’t get paralyzed by decision

The biggest error I see people make in this regard is getting stuck on all the possible graphic design business names that are available.

The ultimate enemy here is indecision. Because while this is an important decision for your business, getting back to the revenue-driving decisions is far more critical at this stage.

For more help, you can also download my business-naming workbook which will walk you through an easy-to-follow process for naming your design business successfully.

The next step is to build a basic website. I say basic because, just like naming your design business, it’s easy to get stuck or paralyzed by the seemingly overwhelming task of building your website. That’s why you can use an AI website generator to speed up the process of designing a website but if not you can use other tools.

Lucky for you, there are loads of very easy-to-use and affordable website builders to build your first portfolio website .

My top beginner website builder recommendations

Here are my personal top picks. None of them requires you to learn to code and they’re all affordable.

• Wix is an easy-to-use website builder with hundreds of beautifully designed templates to choose from—all with drag-and-drop functionality. They’ve even got quite a few portfolio-centric options to get you started.
• WordPress may require a little bit more technical know-how (still no coding required) but it definitely gives you more flexibility in the long run. And because it continues to be the most-used website builder on the Internet, there are millions of tutorials to help you if you get stuck.
• Pixpa is designed specifically for creatives and includes cool add-ons like a client-proofing area or a simple gallery feature.

The “minimum viable” portfolio site

For years, I have preached the importance of what I call a minimum viable portfolio .

As a designer you care very much about how things look, making it far too easy to overdo things, keep adding more and more, editing, adjusting tweaking.

Which often leads to never publishing your portfolio. Which means no clients. And no graphic design business.

The better path (the one I hope you’ll take) is to aim for a “minimum-viable” portfolio.

The term “minimum-viable” answers the question “what is the least I can do to prove my portfolio can generate sales?”

Then start with that. It doesn’t mean, as you grow your business you can’t revisit your site and optimize it for getting more clients ? You can. And you should.

For now, your mission is to learn how to start a graphic design business and get it off the ground. All the fancy stuff can come later once you have revenue coming in.

Once you’ve got a few clients in the door, you’ve named your business, and you’ve got a minimum-viable portfolio site, you can finally start thinking more strategically about how to start a graphic design business the right way.

In my experience, the best next step is to develop a business plan .

Why isn’t that the first step on the list? Because I didn’t want you to get stuck forever in the “planning” stage only to never actually make it to the executing stage. Far too many design businesses (and businesses of all kinds) get lost in the planning stage and never see the light of day.

But not your design business. No. You are going to be different.

You only need a very basic business plan. In fact, it doesn’t need to be more than one page long. You can follow our freelance business plan template here and fill it out in less than 30 minutes.

For an even shorter business plan, grab a piece of paper or a computer and answer the following questions:

• What services will my design business provide?
• Who is the ideal client for my graphic design business?
• How much will my design business charge for the work I do?
• What are your monthly design business revenue goals?
• How many clients do I need each month to hit my revenue goals?
• Where/how will I find new design clients? Or how will I retain current design clients?

Answering these and similar questions will help you maintain traction and gain momentum when getting started.

One thing you’d find out extremely quickly is you have to wear a lot of different hats. Not only are you a graphic designer, but you’re also the bookkeeper, the marketing manager, and the account manager.

Communicating regularly and effectively with your clients is an absolute must. Luckily, you can interact with them in various ways; some examples are phone calls, emails, direct messaging on social media, and webinars.

Make your lines of communication open to nurture leads and clients. You can set up a toll-free number or a business email to make your graphic design business look more professional to prospects. Remember that addressing client concerns outright with a positive approach is key to good customer service.

If you want to exercise good communication, keep in mind that the clients are the people who keep your business afloat. The freelance designers who I see succeed the fastest are the ones that realize their clients aren’t some burden they have to deal with, but an essential and wonderful part of their graphic design business.

If you find yourself overwhelmed with all the client communication, try using a CRM tool to keep track of all client interactions.

If being unprofessional in your communication methods doesn’t kill your business, then failing to deliver on your promises will.

This is another huge fail-point for many designers because they mistakenly think the hardest work is finding design clients when in reality, it can often be more difficult to manage multiple projects and always deliver on time.

Project management tools can help you manage your projects and tasks, keeping you on track and ensuring you give your design clients a positive experience every time.

This can be especially important in the early days of your graphic design business since a few bad reviews or bad word-of-mouth reports around your local city could signify a real setback for you.

Once you’ve delivered your work to your clients and you’re ready to get paid , you’ll want to create and send a professional invoice.

The most basic option is to just write an invoice in Google Docs, Word, or InDesign and send it over via email. But I recommend eventually using a professional invoice tool —where you can create and send invoices quickly and efficiently.

Plus, using tools like these mean your clients can pay directly from the invoice when they open it on their computer. And, if after a while, your client forgets to pay the invoice, many of these apps will remind them for you automatically.

When you’re first learning how to start a graphic design business, the idea of doing work you love every day can be exhilarating.

In fact, depending on how much you hate your day job , you might be hoping this business can be an escape from your cubicle into work you actually care about. But if you get so caught up in the day-to-day creative work that you forget to manage your business properly, you won’t be in business for long.

Indeed, a business that doesn’t generate income essentially remains a hobby, underlining the paramount importance of securing payments.

Easing the Awkwardness of Payment Collection

Requesting payment can feel uncomfortable, particularly for those new to the business world. To mitigate this discomfort, consider two straightforward strategies:

1. Normalize the Payment

It’s essential to recognize that exchanging money for services rendered is a standard business practice, occurring daily across various industries. Launching a graphic design venture is no exception.

Your clients routinely pay for services, whether it’s shipping costs with FedEx, electrical repairs, or even the weekly office donuts. It’s all part of conducting business. By treating payment collection as a routine aspect of your operations, you’ll help normalize the process for both parties.

2. Simplify the Payment Process for Clients

Difficulty in receiving payments might indicate a cumbersome payment process for your clients. Given that people often juggle busy schedules or may procrastinate, simplifying the payment process can significantly benefit both you and your clients.

Employing an online payment tool that facilitates direct bank transfers can streamline transactions. As your business evolves, you might consider setting up recurring invoices or securely storing client credit card details for seamless future payments.

With more experience, you could even prioritize payment collection by requiring it before delivering the final product. This approach can prevent protracted disputes or the hassle of pursuing overdue payments, though it’s advisable to adopt this practice once your business is more established.

No matter how many times I ask business owners what the most common way of getting new business is, I always get the same response:

Word of mouth .

Asking your graphic design clients for referrals can be a really great way to establish yourself. If you’re not sure where to get started, you can download our referral-generating email template .

But asking for referrals for your graphic design business shouldn’t be awkward or difficult. In fact, with a lot of practice you might even get good enough to ask for referrals throughout your process without ever blatantly begging for them .

Remember, part of the challenge of learning how to start a design business is ensuring you have continuous design work every month (not just this month) and referrals are a fantastic way to keep the client pool full.

This brings me to my last (unofficial) step in this process:

If you want your graphic design business to grow, you’ll need to constantly be making adjustments to your pricing, your client communications processes, your invoicing habits, and lots more.

That’s the fun of building a small business.

It’s like any great design project: it takes a lot of brainstorming, tweaking, adjusting, and refining. It’s a lot of hard work.

But you can do it. I know you can. And we’re here to help. Subscribe to our newsletter and join our FB mastermind group for added support and we’ll help you wherever we can along the way.

Keep the conversation going...

Over 10,000 of us are having daily conversations over in our free Facebook group and we'd love to see you there. Join us!

Freelancing Growth

Written by Preston Lee

Editor at millo.co.

Preston Lee is the founder of Millo where he and his team have been helping freelancers thrive for over a decade. His advice has been featured by Entrepreneur, Inc, Forbes, Adobe, and many more.

Preston's Articles

Reviewed & edited by Adam Wright , Editor at Millo.

At Millo, we strive to publish only the best, most trustworthy and reliable content for freelancers. You can learn more by reviewing our editorial policy .

Comments from the community

This is a very helpful article. It covers all the questions and doubts every beginner has.

Great Guide Greer!

Starting a new business …it’s not an easy task but you have written what exactly required to start a design business.

All these things are matter but the main thing is to know how the successful business owners like to shape the plans. We should check their footprints and follow –up them.

I think the best business plan is your words….

Keep up the awesome work!!!

Great and helpful blog to everyone. Thanks a lot for sharing this amazing article.

I’ve started freelancing a few months ago and a lot of what you wrote resonates with me. Especially the bit about finding good clients that you work well with.

I was also curious about how you get briefs from your clients. Do you have a template you get them to fill out or do you work with what they give you? I have recently found myself doing a lot of extra work which I feel is not on the initial brief but some how my client feels it is. It’s especially around brand ID stuff. Dose anyone find this difficult as well? Do you have any tips how I can ease my pain? Especially when there are multiple stakeholders in place who all feel like they require sign off, on every aspect of things.

Thanks for this, also i really appreciate those tools you recommended

thank you so much ,it helped me!

Very helpful .Thanks for sharing ☺

Hello April, I found this article very helpful! My question for you is what assets if any should I look forward into investing in, for example should I invest in some sort of printing machine, certain computer programs, scanners, etc.

Fantastic resource!

Structuring your business for taxes

When was this article published?

Great article! I really enjoy read each of sections. I only did a few of these aspects for my business, and i think i would add these steps to my business.

This was extremely helpful. Starting your own business is a daunting task and by breaking it down for viewers in such an organized and insightful manner is inspiring and palatable. I feel so inspired and motivated to begin.

i am totally agree with your all point. For me, one of the hard work is finding a reliable client for design business. I am enthusiast to follow your guidelines. Hope it will working for me to find few more client.

this article is very useful and have inspired me. thanks!

I wish everyone read this post before they startup.

How to make a proper portfolio for design and web firm. It would be great if you can send me some samples/

Very useful article thanks

Thank you for this great article, I like it, it’s very practical.

Great article

To tell about Web Design like producing a two Web pages can be skilled by just about anyone, but to build a self-sustaining work one needs the right tools, planning,training and experience. http://goo.gl/fsRNBT

Some great advice here. I have recently started my own Graphic and Design and Illustration business at http://nylelevi.com.com

Please take a look if you are interested in seeing what I do. You may even pick up some tips on how to present yourself online if you are planning to start your own business soon.

5 star on this one. copy/paste to clip board 😉

good ideas when you have enough capital

Great tips.. They can be applied not only to design business but to other kinds of businesses too.

I want to start my own business doing design

me too. Hope its moving forward for you. Reading this article and comments on my 9 to 5 London commute has made me think hard about next steps. I’d love to set my self up, just need to take the plunge i guess with lots of positive affirmations, 🙂

I started http://2cooldesign.co.za in 2005 and have never looked back, I’m always looking for more work. Want to be inspired, come see my awesome portfolio, Recommend me to your friends, please & thank you for taking a look ! All the best Guy Tasker creator of 2cooldesign.co.za Awesome Graphic design company based in South Africa. Online based Business, I work from home 🙂

Excellent article. Starting any business can be difficult, but if your passionate about what you want to achieve, it’s possible. It’s also advisable to participate in forums , you can learn and network with other professionals within the industry.

I fully agree with Mel on the emphasis upon work and letting it speak for itself. Also, as Kristine puts it, referrals are an essential customer-base but winning them requires a happy client network that will spread your word. Alongside putting up a team of incentive-driven, passionate & like-minded people, is something that greatly helps in the long run. They bring ideas, networks, energy and add a lot of support. Five year vision, six monthly targets, professional advisers, masters of business administration, etc. are sure-shot recipe, I feel, to bog down budding entrepreneurs, but become necessary when external opinions (investors, shareholders etc.) are unavoidable.

Hmmm… Great info!

On a side note, as I have learned from several business owners, clients are important, and so is marketing, but if you are good at what you do you really don’t have to spend as much time and cash on advertising as you think. Referrals help, but can and does give your client the impression you are looking to expand or take the focus away from them. It just needs to be tastefully done.

I’m thinking an infographic on the best ways to ask for a referral??

Otherwise this content is good. It seems a little heavy, as far as getting exposure etc, and simply to make money, but in my experience I’d rather focus on the work then what I’m trying to achieve financially (at least this is how it comes across) because if you’re good at what you do money will come 🙂

From my own experience, for a business the most important thing is Clients and Cash. Enough Cash at hand to keep rolling till Clients start filling in Cash and repeat. While most of your points address the Client angle, none of the points actual talk about Cash, for a new startup business keep the Cash register ringing is equally important 🙂

Great post, John! I would add that, along with the business plan, one should write a marketing plan. This plan should outline how the business owner will make the business plan a reality, from strategizing what to sell and when, to networking and proper utilization of social media. Without this supporting document, even the best business plan is just words.

Ah, #10! Can’t say enough about it….

I’m a believer in preframing for referrals. Each time I land a new account, I say to the Client, “I’m going to make you very happy. Your business will shine, you’ll feel like a rock star, and you will thrilled with the result. And when that happens, would you mind if I asked you to refer your colleagues/associates to me?” Of course, the response is always “I’d be happy to refer you – IF you impress me first!” Once the project is complete, I say to the Client “Remember when I asked you if you wouldn’t mind referring your colleagues/associates to me? What do you think, are you confident enough in my ability to send your friends or family my way?”

It’s a lot easier to ask for a referral when you’ve preframed your Client for it from the start. 95% of my work now is by referral/word of mouth, and I believe this is the reason. I rarely get a new client any other way anymore.

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How to Start a Small Design Business from Scratch

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If you’re wondering how to start a small business, maybe you’ve just graduated from design school, or perhaps you’ve worked at other firms and learned what not to do to succeed in the design industry. Or you’ve already paid your dues in another, unrelated field, and are branching into design now. Regardless of how you’ve arrived, you’re here because it’s time to start your own interior design firm. AD PRO’s overview of how to start a small business will help you avoid the pitfalls, prepare for success, and embrace the learning experiences that will come with this exciting journey. Read on to learn how to start a small design firm in 13 steps.

You have a business goal: launching your own design firm. First, you’ll need to collect your thoughts and get organized. Some initial considerations:

• Do some research. Size up the competition. Gauge what other designers who are similar to you—in focus, scope, location, and demographic—are already doing.

• Determine what sets your design firm apart from the plethora of others. What services distinguish you from the rest, and what makes your approach exceptional?

• Consider your degree of commitment to the idea of launching your own design firm. Start your own small business only if you are truly passionate about what you are doing.

• Evaluate your own personal area of expertise, and figure out where you’ll need support. You’ll have the best chance of succeeding as an entrepreneur if you do what you do best and find people you trust to help do the rest.

• Discern your ability to attain clients. Start with at least one client or project confirmed, on the horizon, or in mind.

• Set specific goals. For example, give yourself a set amount of time to get off the ground with a set number of clients. Then establish a plan for attaining your objectives: What’s your revenue goal for the next year? What can you do over the next month, three months, and six months to get there?

You have already loosely outlined your plan of attack—but now it’s time to write a business plan. Having a traditional business plan is a necessity if you plan on seeking financial support, as a bank will need to review it when assessing whether you’re a desirable candidate for a loan. If you do not need financial support, then a simple business plan will suffice. Your plan should spell out what you hope to accomplish with your firm and how you plan to do it.

According to Joel Klein, founder and CEO of Brooklyn-based BizTank : “A business plan is absolutely vital as it navigates your business on the road to success. Only by setting a plan that outlines where you want to go, along with a plan of action on how you are going to get there, will a business owner know if they are heading in the right direction and how far they are from their final destination.”

However, just because you’re an interior design genius with a solid business concept does not mean that you’ll feel ready to write a business plan. And that’s OK. When starting your own business, focus on what you do best and call in support from trusted others to help with the other tasks. Consult with friends, mentors, and advisors who might be able to offer assistance, check out online resources, or consider hiring an expert to write it. For a step-by-step guide to writing a business plan , follow our detailed outline.

Speaking of trusting others, seek out advice and criticism from those in your inner circle on your business concept. Present what you plan to offer—details of the design services provided by your firm—and solicit comments and opinions. Reach out to your network of associates, colleagues, professors, and bosses who can give you solid advice and informed opinions. Be sure to ask specific questions to attain the answers you need: Is there something that isn’t clear about your plan or services? Can they suggest how you might rework your offerings? Negative feedback can be just as constructive as positive reinforcement. Use this opportunity to build a strong foundation that will help you kick-start your small business.

How much money do you need to start a small business? You can launch a business (and even open a business checking account ) without a lot of money, but an initial investment is required, and you’ll need to be able to cover your expenses before you can start actually earning money. What expenses? Start by listing the basics: Office space and all that goes with it (electricity, Internet access, printers, etc.), design-management software, employee headcount, tax software , and web design are all good ones to account for. Now, how do you finance a start-up? There are myriad ways to receive capital to start a small business; you’ll need to evaluate your situation to decide which method works for you. Consider these options:

• Self-finance. Self-financing is the most common way of funding a small business. This means using personal savings, credit cards, bank loans, cashing out retirement accounts, and selling personal assets. Do research and see what financing options are available to you. Designer Lori Weitzner recalls that when she set out to launch her own textile and wall coverings company in 2004, she went to J.P. Morgan and found out the bank was promoting a special financing plan to help women in business. “Overnight, I was able to get a $100,000 revolving credit loan,” she says. “That was incredible to me, and that is how I began Weitzner Limited.” Consult our guide on how to get a loan before you get started on your self-financing journey.

• Call on friends and family. Consider tapping them as investors. While it can be difficult to mix personal relationships and money, it’s smart to make the most of the resources closest to you. Make a formal pitch to friends and family; if they believe in you and are able to help financially, many will. You can download a free template for a promissory note or family loan agreement so that you have a legal document that states the terms of your personal loan, schedule for repayment, and interest rates.

• Get an advance. Convince a strategic partner or customer to help you fund your business by giving you an advance. See how serious the party in question is about working with you. It might end up being just the right opportunity for both of you.

• Request a small-business grant. Visit grants.gov to take advantage of a searchable database of more than 1,000 federal grant programs.

• Crowdfunding. Start a crowdsourcing campaign through a platform like Kickstarter or Fundable .

• Join a startup incubator or accelerator. You’ve probably heard of Y Combinator , which is one of the most popular options, but check out 30 Weeks , which is a program specifically targeted to the design community.

• Apply to angel investor groups. Search gust.com to find local investors who are interested in financing design endeavors.

• Consider soliciting venture capital investors. Keep in mind, VCs are often seeking a big investment (think $1 million or more), so this might not be the right avenue for a small business.

• Barter services. You can trade interior design services for another business’s services. For example, offer to design a client’s office in exchange for free desk space in that office. Or provide renderings for an accountant’s office redesign in exchange for an overview of accounting basics. Think creatively here—what do you have, and what do you need?

Whether you’re starting your small business at home or going with a coworking space, a desk in a client’s place of business, a shared office, or your very own private office, your next step is setting up shop. Stephanie Somogyi Miller says that when she was a twentysomething trying to launch SPREAD PR, her 15-year old New York PR firm that focuses on interior design clientele, she knew one of the first necessities was having an office and phone number. “I took a small office on 33rd Street and Madison Avenue, which wasn’t a glam area at the time, but I knew that people would see the Madison Avenue address and not know where on Madison it was,” she recalls. “And I started making calls and hustled my butt off until I had enough clients to justify my office space.”

As a small-business owner, you have the option of being a sole proprietorship, a partnership, a limited liability company (LLC), or a corporation—and the business type that you choose influences how you file your taxes, among other factors. Typically entrepreneurs with small businesses opt to establish an LLC rather than a corporation because it offers greater flexibility in management, plus fewer structured bookkeeping requirements and reporting obligations for taxes. Not exactly sure how to establish an LLC? Consider outsourcing the operational aspects. It’s wise to consult an attorney or CPA to be sure you’re correctly setting up your business for success.

Choosing a business name creates an identity for your company. You’ll want to carefully think it over, and then do the following:

• Consider its meaning, connotation, and any potentially negative associations with it.

• Confirm that the name is not already taken by checking to see if it’s been trademarked.

• Register your small-business name .

• Register your domain name for your website.

Once your name is established and registered, you’ll have to consider the legal requirements for starting a small business. You’ll also have to apply for a federal tax ID number and a state ID numbers. You can apply via the IRS online or by calling the IRS small-business helpline at 1-800-829-4933; you’ll receive your tax ID number by the end of the call. You’ll also need to obtain a license in the city where you plan on doing business. The U.S. Small Business Administration can be a great resource to help you obtain the proper licenses and permits for your design firm. Dealing with this legal paperwork is likely another aspect of starting your own small business that might not fall under your area of expertise, so it would behoove you to consult a lawyer to be sure you’re not forgetting anything.

Work with an accountant to set up the accounting system for your company. Want to DIY this part? Research what types of accounting software are available for your type of small business. It’s critical to have a system in place early on so that you can create and manage your budget, set rates, send and pay invoices, and file taxes. Also, let apps be your friend. There are a host of business apps that designers use to help simplify operations, particularly accounting functions. Check out apps like Ivy , a software tool made specifically for designers, or general accounting and project-management tools like Xero and Honeybook that will help streamline business functions and make your life a whole lot easier.

You need to distinguish your brand from the competition. You may already be adept at branding, but if not, get help. Hire an expert who can visually convey the personality and message of your company. Provide a branding designer with a brief synopsis of your company, and distill the essence of your firm down to five specific keywords that reflect the heart of what you do. Work with the expert to create a logo and a visual language that will be used consistently on all forms of communication (email, letterhead, business cards), marketing materials, online outlets, and social media platforms.

It’s no longer a question of if you need a website and social media account for your small business, but of how dynamic your website and presence on social media platforms can be. You may not know how to create a website for your small business, but you can rely on easy-to-use website builders such as WordPress, Squarespace, Yola, SiteBuilder, Wix, or Weebly. Once you’ve established your business name, registered its domain name, and created your logo and branding, you have all the components you need to build your small business website in a few simple steps. Develop your digital portfolio and consider posting that on your site as well; you can also set up a password so that potential clients can log in to access more of your work. Along with your website, you should tackle the tasks of creating a Facebook business page and business Instagram account.

You might not have the funds off the bat to hire support staff. However, you’ll still need to figure out how to outsource certain functions. It makes sense to pay for the services of a legal counsel, an accountant, and a branding designer. Beyond that, you’ll need support for day-to-day functions. You may not be in a position to hire a team of full-time employees, but you can hire as needed on a project basis, rely on a trusted freelancer or interns, or find one hard and reliable worker until your business grows. Make sure anyone who is working with you understands your company culture and the goals for your organization.

A tip that’s often shared by entrepreneurs is to never stop building meaningful relationships. Networking is the key to success in any industry. So reach out to all of your A&D industry contacts and let them know you’re launching your own design firm. As you’re figuring out how to be an entrepreneur, seek out support from the network of associates that you’ve developed through the years.

Chris Abbate, founder and CEO of Novità, a New York–based media relations company that caters to the A&D community, started her small business 22 years ago with part-time employees and some interns. “One thing I would recommend is to start with at least one piece of business or client,” she says. “Things will naturally grow from there.” Success begets success, so having one satisfied client will help your business grow.

Preparation is integral to success, and by this point you’ve established a solid foundation and a plan for your design firm. You’ve followed all the steps for how to set up a small business, and you’re working on how to manage it effectively. The next step is growth. Focus on promoting your design services: Develop a marketing plan or hire a specialist to help you advertise your business , rely on social media, and be sure to satisfy and retain your current client base. Remember that the easiest customer to sell to is the one you already have—satisfied clientele can also help promote your business.

Don’t get discouraged if success doesn’t happen as quickly as you’d like. As Somogyi Miller puts it: “Believe in what you are doing. If you are solving a problem, believe in your solution or method. If you are selling something, make sure it’s the best version it can be and always be improving it. Never fly blindly because you think you know more. Always assume you are missing something and do the reading, research, and work. Trust your advisors. Honoring the people who came before you and using their advice is key to your success.”

After following these steps, you’ll be on the path to creating a sustainable and profitable business. Check out our guide for how to succeed in your small business to keep the momentum going after your launch.

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Here is a free business plan sample for a graphic design services.

If you're passionate about graphic design and are considering turning your creativity into a career, you've landed on the perfect page.

In the content that follows, we will present you with a comprehensive business plan outline tailored for a graphic design venture.

As you might be aware, a strategic business plan is crucial for any aspiring entrepreneur. It serves as a roadmap, guiding you through establishing your brand, setting clear objectives, and outlining your approach to attract clients and grow your business.

To jumpstart your journey, you can utilize our graphic designer business plan template. Our team is also on standby to provide a free review and offer feedback on your completed plan.

How to draft a great business plan for your graphic design services?

A good business plan for a graphic designer must reflect the unique aspects of the creative services industry.

To start, it's important to provide a comprehensive overview of the design market. This includes current statistics and identifying emerging trends within the industry, similar to what we've incorporated in our graphic design business plan template .

Your business plan should articulate your vision clearly. Define your niche (such as logo design, branding, web design, etc.), identify your target market (startups, small businesses, large corporations, individual clients), and establish your unique value proposition (customized solutions, quick turnaround, specific design expertise).

Market analysis is a critical component. This means understanding your competitors, staying abreast of design trends, and knowing your potential clients' needs and preferences.

For a graphic designer, it's essential to showcase your portfolio. Detail the range of services you offer - from print to digital design - and demonstrate how these services can solve the problems or meet the needs of your target audience.

The operational plan should outline your work environment, whether it's a home office or a rented studio space, your hardware and software setup, and your process for managing projects and client communications.

Quality of work is paramount in graphic design. Emphasize your design process, attention to detail, and commitment to delivering high-quality, impactful designs.

Discuss your marketing and sales strategy. How will you build your brand and attract new clients? Consider your promotional tactics, networking strategies, and client retention plans.

Having a digital strategy, including a professional website and an active presence on platforms like Instagram or Behance, is crucial for showcasing your work and reaching potential clients.

The financial section is vital. It should cover your pricing model, sales projections, operational expenses, and the point at which your business will become profitable.

As a graphic designer, your income may vary based on project size and frequency, so it's important to have a clear financial plan. For assistance, you can refer to our financial forecast for graphic designers .

Compared to other business plans, a graphic design plan must focus more on intellectual property rights, portfolio development, and client acquisition strategies.

A well-crafted business plan will not only help you clarify your business strategy but also attract clients or secure financing.

Lenders and investors are interested in a solid market analysis, realistic financial projections, and a clear understanding of how you will manage your design projects and client relationships.

By presenting a detailed and substantiated plan, you show your professionalism and dedication to the success of your graphic design business.

To achieve these goals efficiently, you can fill out our graphic design business plan template .

A free example of business plan for a graphic design services

Here, we will provide a concise and illustrative example of a business plan for a specific project.

This example aims to provide an overview of the essential components of a business plan. It is important to note that this version is only a summary. As it stands, this business plan is not sufficiently developed to support a profitability strategy or convince a bank to provide financing.

To be effective, the business plan should be significantly more detailed, including up-to-date market data, more persuasive arguments, a thorough market study, a three-year action plan, as well as detailed financial tables such as a projected income statement, projected balance sheet, cash flow budget, and break-even analysis.

All these elements have been thoroughly included by our experts in the business plan template they have designed for a graphic designer .

Here, we will follow the same structure as in our business plan template.

Market Opportunity

Market data and figures.

The graphic design industry is a dynamic and evolving field with significant impact on various sectors.

Recent estimates value the global graphic design market at over $45 billion, with expectations for continued growth as businesses increasingly rely on visual content to communicate with their audiences.

In the United States alone, there are over 250,000 graphic design businesses, contributing to an annual revenue of approximately $15 billion for the industry.

These figures underscore the critical role of graphic designers in branding, marketing, and multimedia industries, highlighting their economic importance.

The graphic design landscape is shaped by several emerging trends and technological advancements.

Minimalism continues to dominate design preferences, with a focus on simplicity and clean lines. This is complemented by bold typography and vibrant color schemes that capture attention.

There is a growing emphasis on personalized and custom graphics, as businesses seek to stand out in a crowded marketplace with unique visual identities.

Advancements in design software and tools, such as virtual reality and augmented reality, are opening new avenues for immersive and interactive designs.

Additionally, the rise of social media platforms has led to an increased demand for engaging and shareable graphic content.

Environmental consciousness is also influencing design choices, with a push towards sustainable practices and materials in print design.

These trends reflect the graphic design industry's adaptability and its role in shaping how businesses and individuals communicate visually in the digital age.

Success Factors

Several factors contribute to the success of a graphic designer or design firm.

First and foremost, the ability to produce high-quality, innovative designs that effectively communicate a client's message is paramount.

Creativity and a strong understanding of design principles are essential for delivering compelling visual content.

Staying current with the latest design software and technologies can provide a competitive edge and enable designers to offer cutting-edge solutions.

Networking and building strong relationships with clients and other industry professionals can lead to referrals and repeat business.

Excellent customer service and the ability to work within deadlines and budgets are also critical for client satisfaction and retention.

Ultimately, a graphic designer's success hinges on their ability to adapt to industry trends, manage projects efficiently, and consistently deliver designs that resonate with target audiences.

The Project

Project presentation.

Our graphic design venture is tailored to cater to the increasing need for professional and creative visual communication solutions. Situated in a vibrant business district or operating online, this service will offer a comprehensive suite of graphic design services, including branding, logo design, marketing materials, web design, and more, all crafted with a keen eye for detail and contemporary aesthetics.

The emphasis will be on delivering bespoke, impactful, and visually compelling designs that resonate with the target audience and enhance our clients' brand identity.

This graphic design initiative aims to become a go-to resource for businesses and individuals alike, seeking to elevate their visual presence in a competitive market.

Value Proposition

The value proposition of our graphic design service is centered around providing innovative and personalized design solutions that effectively communicate our clients' brand message.

Our dedication to artistic excellence, strategic thinking, and customer satisfaction offers a transformative visual experience, while supporting the marketing goals and brand recognition of our clients.

We are committed to fostering a collaborative environment where clients feel understood and valued, and aim to educate them on the importance of professional design in achieving business success.

Our graphic design service strives to be a cornerstone for clients, delivering not just designs, but a visual language that speaks directly to their audience and distinguishes them from the competition.

Project Owner

The project owner is a seasoned graphic designer with a passion for visual storytelling and a knack for translating ideas into compelling design concepts.

With a background in graphic design and a portfolio that showcases a wide range of successful projects, they are poised to create a graphic design service that is renowned for its creativity, client-focused approach, and ability to deliver results.

Driven by a mission to empower brands through design, they are committed to staying ahead of industry trends and leveraging their expertise to provide clients with cutting-edge visual solutions.

Their dedication to the craft of design and their desire to make a lasting impact on clients' businesses are the driving forces behind this venture, aiming to set a new standard in the graphic design landscape.

The Market Study

Target market.

The target market for a graphic design business can be segmented into various groups.

Firstly, there are small to medium-sized businesses in need of branding, marketing materials, and digital design services to establish and maintain their market presence.

Secondly, individual entrepreneurs and professionals who require personal branding and promotional designs to enhance their visibility and credibility in their respective fields.

Additionally, the market includes larger corporations seeking to outsource creative projects, such as annual reports, corporate identity packages, and advertising campaigns.

Lastly, other potential clients include non-profit organizations, educational institutions, and event planners looking for design services for campaigns, events, and informational materials.

SWOT Analysis

A SWOT analysis for a graphic design business might highlight the following:

Strengths could include a strong portfolio showcasing a wide range of design skills, a well-established network of clients, and a reputation for creativity and timely delivery.

Weaknesses might involve the challenge of staying updated with the latest design software and trends, or the potential for workload fluctuations due to project-based work.

Opportunities could arise from the growing need for digital design with the increase in online businesses, as well as the potential to expand services to include web design and social media management.

Threats may include intense competition from other freelance designers and design agencies, as well as the need to continuously adapt to changing design technologies and client preferences.

Competitor Analysis

Competitor analysis for a graphic design business shows a diverse and competitive landscape.

Direct competitors include other freelance graphic designers and design agencies that offer similar services.

These competitors vie for clients by showcasing their design expertise, client testimonials, and portfolio quality.

Competitive advantages may be found in specialized design services, niche market expertise, strong client relationships, and a unique creative approach.

Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these competitors is crucial for carving out a unique market position and developing client acquisition and retention strategies.

Competitive Advantages

The competitive advantages of a graphic design business may revolve around personalized service and a unique design aesthetic.

Offering tailored design solutions that align with a client's brand identity and business goals can set a designer apart from competitors.

Additionally, staying abreast of design trends and incorporating innovative techniques can enhance the appeal of the services offered.

Building a reputation for reliability, effective communication, and exceeding client expectations can foster long-term relationships and lead to repeat business and referrals.

Transparency in the design process and clear pricing structures also contribute to building trust and satisfaction among clients.

You can also read our articles about: - how to offer graphic design services: a complete guide - the customer segments of a graphic design services - the competition study for a graphic design services

The Strategy

Development plan.

Our three-year development plan for the graphic design business is designed to be dynamic and responsive to the evolving market.

In the first year, we will concentrate on building a robust portfolio and establishing a strong online presence to attract a diverse client base.

The second year will be focused on expanding our services to include branding packages, web design, and digital marketing, thereby offering a comprehensive suite of design solutions to our clients.

In the third year, we aim to collaborate with advertising agencies and corporate clients to secure larger projects and recurring contracts.

Throughout this period, we will prioritize staying ahead of design trends, investing in cutting-edge software, and continuously improving our technical skills to deliver exceptional value to our clients.

Business Model Canvas

The Business Model Canvas for our graphic design business targets entrepreneurs, small businesses, and corporations in need of professional visual content.

Our value proposition is centered on delivering high-quality, custom design work that effectively communicates our clients' brand messages.

We offer our services through various online platforms, utilizing key resources such as our design software, creative expertise, and a network of professional contacts.

Key activities include client consultations, design creation, project management, and ongoing client support.

Our revenue streams are generated from project-based fees, retainer agreements, and design service packages, while our costs are mainly associated with software subscriptions, marketing, and professional development.

Access a detailed and editable real Business Model Canvas in our business plan template .

Marketing Strategy

Our marketing strategy is built on showcasing our design expertise and building relationships with clients.

We plan to create a strong portfolio that demonstrates our range of skills and past successes. This will be complemented by testimonials and case studies to build credibility.

Networking events, social media marketing, and collaborations with influencers in the design community will help us reach a wider audience.

We will also offer free resources, such as design tips and templates, to engage potential clients and position ourselves as thought leaders in the industry.

Risk Policy

The risk policy for our graphic design business focuses on mitigating risks associated with client acquisition, project delivery, and data security.

We will implement clear contracts to define project scopes and deliverables, ensuring client expectations are managed effectively.

Regular data backups and adherence to cybersecurity best practices will protect our work and client information.

Cost management strategies will be in place to maintain financial stability, and professional indemnity insurance will cover any potential legal issues related to our design work.

Our commitment is to provide high-quality design services while safeguarding our business and our clients' interests.

Why Our Project is Viable

We are confident in the viability of our graphic design business due to the ever-increasing demand for professional visual content across all sectors.

With a focus on creativity, client satisfaction, and adaptability, we are well-positioned to capture market share and build a reputable brand.

We are enthusiastic about the opportunity to enhance our clients' visual communication strategies while growing a sustainable and innovative design business.

We remain flexible to industry changes and client needs, and we are excited about the future prospects of our graphic design venture.

You can also read our articles about: - the Business Model Canvas of a graphic design services - the marketing strategy for a graphic design services

The Financial Plan

Of course, the text presented below is far from sufficient to serve as a solid and credible financial analysis for a bank or potential investor. They expect specific numbers, financial statements, and charts demonstrating the profitability of your project.

All these elements are available in our business plan template for a graphic designer and our financial plan for a graphic designer .

Initial expenses for our graphic design business include investing in high-quality design software, powerful computing equipment to handle complex design tasks, setting up a professional website portfolio, acquiring licenses for stock images and fonts, and costs related to brand creation and launching targeted marketing campaigns to reach potential clients.

Our revenue assumptions are based on a thorough analysis of the market demand for graphic design services, considering the importance of strong visual branding for businesses and the increasing need for digital content.

We anticipate a steady growth in client acquisition, starting modestly and expanding as our portfolio and reputation in the graphic design industry strengthen.

The projected income statement indicates expected revenues from our design services, production costs (software subscriptions, design assets), and operating expenses (workspace rent, marketing, salaries for any support staff, etc.).

This results in a forecasted net profit essential for assessing the profitability of our graphic design venture over time.

The projected balance sheet reflects assets specific to our business, such as design software, hardware, and any pre-paid subscriptions, and liabilities including debts and anticipated expenses.

It shows the overall financial health of our graphic design business at the end of each period.

Our projected cash flow budget details incoming and outgoing cash flows, allowing us to anticipate our cash needs at any given time. This will enable us to manage our finances effectively and avoid cash flow problems.

The projected financing plan lists the specific financing sources we plan to use to cover our startup expenses.

The working capital requirement for our graphic design business will be closely monitored to ensure we have the necessary liquidity to finance our daily operations, including software subscription fees, marketing efforts, and any outsourced services or staff salaries.

The break-even point specific to our project is the level of sales needed to cover all our costs, including startup expenses, and start making a profit.

It will indicate when our business will become profitable.

Performance indicators we will track include the profit margin rate on our design services, the liquidity ratio to assess our ability to cover short-term financial obligations, and the return on investment to measure the effectiveness of our capital invested in the business.

These indicators will help us evaluate the financial health and overall success of our graphic design business.

If you want to know more about the financial analysis of this type of activity, please read our article about the financial plan for a graphic design services .

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How to start a design business: 9 tips for success

Top advice on how to start a design business direct from those who have done it.

It can be difficult to know how to start a design business. No matter how much experience you have, it can be hard to know when the time is right and how to take the plunge. Maybe design began as a side hustle that's slowly taken over and you're wondering whether it could become a sustainable career, or maybe you've been working as a freelancer or in-house at an agency and you want to take the plunge to launch a new venture.

You certainly wouldn't be alone. A lot of designers have ambitions to run their own businesses, whether it’s freelancers setting up with friends, or designers moving out of full-time employment to become their own boss. But how to go about it?

A new year is a good time to take stock and decide where you want to go next, and in this article, we'll be speaking to several designers who did just that and who'll be sharing nine top tips on how to start a design business. The good news is that now is perhaps one of the best times for small design businesses to be able to promote themselves (of course, to do that, you'll want a good portfolio, so make sure you see our selection of design portfolios for inspiration. And you might also want to see our piece on how to create the perfect design resumé ).

“I see a lot more small independent studios that are all successfully creating their own little corner in the industry,” observes Tom Muller, founder of independent design studio helloMuller . “The value of good design has also seen a lot of businesses being driven by design — which is a good thing for us independent designers.”

Yes, there's now more appreciation of design than even, and a lot of tools available for designers to promote their business But still, for all those who strike out on their own there are many tales of failure, and being a successful freelancer doesn't necessarily mean you know how to run a fully fledged business. So how can you prepare yourself with the right tools and mindset for success? Read on for our nine tips on how to start a design business.

01. Ask yourself 'why?'

Before you go any further, one of the first things you should do if you're thinking of starting your own design business is to ask yourself why? What do you want to achieve? Is it to make a larger income from design or to have a greater influence on the industry? Or do you simply want more freedom in how you work and who you work with? helloMuller started life as a portfolio and a creative banner under which Muller would collaborate on design projects with artists, publishers and brands. In 2010, he converted the brand into a fully fledged independent studio and continued working with clients in the publishing, film, tech, fashion and arts industries.

“The reason I set up the studio in the first place is because it gives me a space to work independently on projects I can choose.” says Muller. “The freedom to choose my own projects and client relations and build my own body of work is the main drive.” helloMuller has always run as a solo operation, but the nature of the work and clients means Muller often collaborates with other creatives and artists.

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Working predominantly in publishing and entertainment, Muller counts Marvel, DC Comics and Valiant Entertainment, Image Comics, Sony Pictures, and various production companies in the film industry amongst his clients — working on everything from visual identities, publication design to image making.

“I’ve never set out to have a specific philosophy for the studio, but the aim is, and always has been, to create work I’d like to see out in the world.”

02. Make a plan and use your existing experience

Planning is vital, and if you already have several years of working in-house or for an agency, your experience can guide you. While jumping in headfirst may sound exciting, getting a few years of studio experience can make all the difference, not least by equipping you with the people skills you need to succeed in a competitive market.

When Birmingham-based graphic designer and art director Luke Tonge quit his full-time job to pursue his passion for editorial design and brand identity, it was meticulously planned. He made the move after spending 10 years working at large agencies while juggling an impressive side hustle of freelance design work, most notably design and art direction at The Recorder magazine for Monotype. 

“I’ve got a great professional support network, locally and further afield and I had some clients who had promised me work," Tongue said. "Plus the day I actually left my job I was offered a couple of days a week teaching at Birmingham City University, so that was the cherry on the cake in terms of circumstances aligning.”

“I initially worried about going freelance, lacking confidence," he admits, “then I found my freelance career was flourishing but I’d hit a ceiling in my job. It became increasingly clear there was only one sensible way to go — and I figured if it all went pear-shaped I could head back to an agency sharpish.”

Tonge also launched the first Birmingham Design Festival, an experience that helped grow his existing network and establish his reputation within the local creative community. But he stresses that the experience he gained in a decade working for agencies was invaluable for his solo venture.

"Fail on someone else’s dime; learn from the experience that will surround you and start to build a picture of the kind of business you’d want to run,” recommends Tonge. “I’m amazed when kids do it straight from university — if it works for you then more power to you, but for me, 10 years was the amount of experience I needed before I felt ready to stand on my own.”

While there are no hard and fast rules to starting a business, digital and content strategist Sarah Seaton, founder of Riot and Ritual , believes that personal drive and the right mindset goes a long way to setting you on the right path. For better or worse. “Your journey is your journey,” says Seaton. “Freelancing or running your own business really forces you to take a hard look at yourself, your values and how you want to live your life.”

03. Make every job count

Of course, experience is great, but how to start a design business if you don't have it but you're determined to start out on your own from the outset? And if you don't have experience in the industry, chances are you might not know where to start in terms of making a plan for your business. Bristol-based designer Jason Smith saw early on that the direction for him was to start his own business. He had a handful of interviews at uninspiring agencies after finishing university and decided to stop looking for roles and direct his efforts at starting self-initiated projects with like-minded people.

That decision led him to join forces with fellow creative Ben Steers to start their own studio: Fiasco Design in late 2013. With a portfolio demonstrating a flair for digital, their client list since then has included the likes of Channel 4, Penguin Books, Aardman Digital and Orange. How did they get established without experience and without a plan?

“When we started the agency we didn’t start out with any predefined idea of what we wanted to be or how we wanted to grow,” admits creative director Steers. “There was no five-year business plan, no company road map, no grand vision. Any dreams or ideas we did have for the business you could have fit onto a post-it note.”

 “Getting things off the ground and turning the business into something that paid us a full-time wage wasn’t easy and took a good year or so to do. The only way we managed to do this was by saying yes to everything and then worrying about the rest later.”

One of the biggest hurdles for Fiasco as a young agency was getting prospective clients to trust them; they were often seen as a riskier option in comparison to larger agencies. One way to get over that was to commit themselves fully and put all their passion into every job to building a business culture based on trust and honesty.

"The assumption was always that if we did good work, the rest would follow. That’s kind of how it’s worked out," says Steers. “We’ve always had a ‘small agency, big ideas’ mentality and this has really helped us make the transition from working with local companies to national and international brands.”

04. Ask for help when you need it

Smith says it's also a good idea to leave your ego at the door and to surround yourself with good people. “Forget egos; you need to be able to be honest and ask for help when you need it," he says. "Especially from friends and peers that have been in similar situations. It’s just as important to discuss your problems with like-minded friends as it is to share your successes.”

The point of seeking help from others can be vital for anyone setting up their own business – and even more so if you're setting up somewhere new. Swedish designer and photographer Jenny Theolin began her career in London but then relocated back to her native Stockholm. “Find your champions,” she advises. “When I started, I had made many friends who were also business owners. They shared everything from contract templates to new business advice. Moving country, I had to start this all over again. So be prepared for this process being never-ending.”

05. Watch your finances 

Surviving the first few months takes commitment and strict management of your outgoings. Forget expensive equipment and a new office. Until you’ve got your fees figured out and a steady stream of clients, you need to spend as little as possible (although some essentials like one of the most powerful laptops are obviously a must).

As Tonge advises: “Save hard when the money is good – have a rainy day fund bank account that you can tap into when necessary – and keep a good pipeline of work so there’s always an iron or two in the fire.”

Decide how best to bill for your time, too. Whether by the hour, the day, or project-to-project, it has to work for you, says Seaton. “Day rates are a constant point of contention for me,” she admits. “I have set day rates, though they’re flexible depending on the project. If I know it’s a long-term piece of work then I’m happy to lower the day rate, as the stability this gives is added value for me.”

That’s a sentiment shared by Paul Felton, co-founder of Common Curiosity , who prefers to judge the value of a project on more than profit. An independent rebrand may not pay anywhere near what a global brand would pay for a similar job, but the value it offers may outweigh the instant cash reward.

“Perhaps you get a great portfolio piece from it, or you help out someone in need and maybe get a few recommendations,” says Felton. “We try and look at the bigger picture and factor in lots of these aspects. Our approach is to estimate how long we think the project will take in hours and days, then from our day rate assign a cost to that,” he continues. “One of the difficulties we have is we operate in two cities where budgets and expectations of what things cost are quite different.”

Felton and co-founder Alex Woolley , another Birmingham designer met while employed at digital agency Purpose, where they worked together for almost four years, sharing a similar approach and philosophy. Initially striking out on his own as a freelancer, Felton enlisted Woolley to help deliver a couple of larger projects, leading to a conversation about whether it would be sustainable full time.

“We had a lot to iron out – we were in different cities for one,” says Woolley. “But we were keen to align on what we wanted – from clients, size, disciplines… We made sure we took the time to consider it properly, but in the end, it felt like a no-brainer and Common Curiosity officially got going in February 2016. We were fortunate to have Royal Mail as one of our first clients, that we both loved working for at Purpose, so it was a very natural progression for us to start working together again.”

06. Set clear principles and strategies

Theolin advises setting clear principles and models to guide the decision-making in your business. “I use the Friends, Fame, Fortune model (a project has to tick at least two), as well as the Good, Cheap, Fast model (you can only pick two). I also have principles around costing. I have a client screening process and always ask for per cent upfront. I also cost in value, not time, I include challenge framing in the billing, and I never pitch.”

For Theolin, relocating back to Sweden provided her with an opportunity to rediscover her home city, and cement it as part of her overall strategy for fuelling her career.

“When I moved to Sweden, one of my strategies was to become an authority on Sweden. My tactics included immersing myself in the city, culture and industry,” she says. Tweeting on behalf of @Sweden , being elected chairwoman of Design Sweden , launching Glug Sweden, and writing for three Sweden-related creative books helped cement her reputation and credibility.

For ideas on new outlets for your work, you can take a look at our guide to the best places to sell design online . 

07. Nurture your clients

Once you’ve made the decision to start your own business it’s easy to get carried away by all the fun stuff – branding, website, business cards. But one of the most, if not the most, important activities is building and managing a client list. Companies that you work with in the early days often become long-standing clients, and nurturing relationships will stand you in good stead as you grow. We might be living in the digital age, but word of mouth recommendations can still make or break your success.

“The vast majority of our new clients come through recommendations,” says Wooley from Common Curiosity. "So we’ve really piled our efforts into doing great work for our existing clients, which often results in them then recommending us to others. If we get a foot in a new door, there’s no big sales pitch — that’s just not us. We meet for a coffee and find out about them and talk through some relevant case studies.”

Engaging with potential clients on social media can also raise your business profile — and be a surprisingly effective tool for winning work. “We rely pretty heavily on platforms such as Twitter and Instagram to help promote the business.” reveals Steers. “In the early days of the studio, we won a number of milestone projects through Twitter. Platforms and algorithms have changed a bit since then but if you’re starting your own creative business, it’s essential you get your work out there and social media is still one of the best, most cost-effective ways to do this.”

Respecting your clients' time is essential. “Treat everyone as if your business depends on them," recommends Tonge. "Don’t get walked over, but don’t forget that clients and potential clients are your new boss and they don’t owe you anything. It’s easy to think you’re doing the world a favour by taking on their projects, but that kind of hubris usually comes before a fall.”

08. Feel free to say no

One of the hardest lessons to learn when self-employed is how to say no. Feeling the need to jump on work when it presents itself, even if its a little inconvenient or demanding, comes with the territory. But mastering the art of turning work down is always preferable to overcommitting yourself, which can result in problems with deadlines and a bad reputation with early clients.

“I’ve been in situations where I’d taken on too much work, which led to me spending a lot of time managing clients and explaining delays in delivery," Muller says. "That is not something you want to make a habit of. Planning projects properly is vital.”

Dutch illustrator and graphic designer Sue Doeksen agrees, warning that saying yes to everything can be detrimental if you don’t manage your time. “It’s impossible to give your full attention to everything, so try to get clear planning in place with some extra hours to play around with. Creatives have a responsibility to manage client expectations, but we also need to set our own deadlines.”

At the same time, we've mentioned above the importance of being able to commit all your passion to a project. If something comes up that you really don't feel excited about, or you feel goes against where you want to go with your business, you need to know when to reject it.

“It’s easy to just take what you can get because you’re suddenly responsible for your own paycheck," Seaton says. "As long as you prepare yourself for some quiet months you can start to carve out your path. Set your objectives and your mission and go from there!”

Doeksen agrees that taking on work for the sake of it can harm your mindset and performance. “Don’t say yes to assignments you really don’t think fit you,” she says, advising that it can be better to be selective and hold out for assignments that suit better, “otherwise you’ll end up producing work you don’t feel happy with.”

Be mindful too not to fall into the trap of taking on too much repeat business as doing so may cost you more creative opportunities. “Learning to say yes when you mean no, and no when you mean yes, can be hard," warns Theolin. "Sometimes it’s easier to accept repeat business without calculating the opportunity costs.”

09. Be nice to people

Arguably, people matter more than jobs, and in an industry so heavily reliant on relationships, how you make people feel is more important than the money you make from them, Tonge concludes.

“The more independent you become, the more you rely on other people outside of your immediate radius to support and sustain you: the client who pays your wage; the contractors you might bring in to work on a project, and so on," he says. "In an agency, you can act like an ass and maybe get away with it, but when you’re indie that isn’t the case! Work hard and be nice to people. It’s a privilege to make a living doing what we love."

• The best places to sell design online
• 10 steps to the perfect business plan for your creative venture
• NFT marketplaces you should know

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Founder & director of Inkygoodness, Lisa is a published writer and arts journalist, focusing on creative business, graphic art and illustration and design education. Her words have appeared in Computer Arts magazine, Creative Bloq, Digital Arts and IdN.

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Tips for a Simple Interior Design Business Plan to get you Started

So you’ve decided you’re going to start your own interior design business. Congratulations! But have you thought about putting together a business plan for your new venture? 

Writing down what you’re trying to achieve, the services you’ll offer, and other important factors will help you streamline your business strategy, keep you focused on your goals, and (perhaps most importantly) make sure your idea makes sense.

It’s a good idea to create a business plan before investing money in your new business; that way, you’ll have a better understanding of how it’ll make money and whether it’s likely to be profitable.

Throughout this guide, I’m going to explain the importance of having a business plan for your interior design business and take you through what information to include.

Here’s to a well-planned and successful interior design business!

Why do I Need an Interior Design Business Plan?

There are various benefits of putting together an interior design business plan before going ahead with your new venture, but it really boils down to two factors:

• Helping you understand your business
• Helping you explain your business to others

Helping you Understand your Business

Before you do anything, you need to get your thoughts in order to ensure you have a viable business idea. Writing things down usually helps them make sense, and it’s no different with a business plan.

Your interior design business plan will help you:

• Summarise your business idea:  What you’re trying to achieve, what services you’ll offer, how you’ll operate etc.
• Identify goals and potential problems: Set out goals and how you’ll achieve them, and identify any risks and how to overcome them.
• Plan your business operations: From sales and marketing to onboarding staff.
• Get your finances in order: Estimate your revenue, business expenses, and any financing you’ll require to get your business off the ground.
• Pinpoint your priorities and identify any gaps in the business 

Helping you Explain your Business to Other People

A business plan can also help you convince other people to back your business. This includes:

• Financial assistance: If you’re planning on getting financial backing from investors or securing a bank loan for your interior design business, you’ll need to present a well-formed business plan.
• Employees and suppliers: Potential employees and suppliers are unlikely to work with a business if they don’t know what it does. A business plan will help you explain this so you can onboard staff and suppliers before getting started.
• Explaining your business: Writing down a business summary will help you better explain your business to other people, so next time you’re asked what your business does (or will do), you won’t fumble over your words.

Interior Design Business Plan Top Tips

Before writing your business plan, keep the following points in mind:

Write it for an Outsider

Write your business plan as if the person who’s reading it knows nothing about you, your business or the interior design industry. This will likely be the case when it comes to getting investment.

Keep it Concise

Don’t go into too much unnecessary detail. Keep it to the point and focus on the sections listed below. After all, you want people to read it!

Be Realistic

Avoid skimming over potential risks and problems, and be honest and realistic about finances. Being over-optimistic might get you the loan you’re after, but it could lead to problems in the future.

Know your Market

Make sure to include market research, details on competitors, where your business fits into the interior design market and what makes it different to what’s already out there.

What to Include in your Interior Design Business Plan

When it comes to writing your business plan, try to use the following structure: 

Executive summary

Elevator pitch

About the business owner

Products and services

Business structure

The market: Customers, competitors and market overview

Section 7: 

Sales and marketing strategy

Business operations

• Business expenses

Section 10: 

Financial forecasts 

Let’s go into a bit more detail on each section:

1. Executive Summary

An executive summary is essentially a summary of your interior design business plan, so it’s best to write this section last. It should include key points, so if someone were to only read this section, they’d still have an understanding of your business and what you’re trying to achieve.

Your executive summary should include:

• Business name and type of business (e.g. sole trader or LTD company)
• A summary of the services you’ll offer and/or products you intend to sell
• Mission statement: What is the aim of your business? (e.g. become the number one interior design service in your area)
• Goals and objectives: It’s good to include short, mid, and long-term goals. (e.g. generate [amount] of profit in the first year)
• Financial summary: Financial goals and any secured or required funding 
• Keys to success: How will you achieve your objectives? (e.g. provide high-quality services and first-class communication)

2. Elevator Pitch

An elevator pitch is a short summary of your business. It’s what you’ll tell people when they ask what your business does. Writing down an elevator pitch will help ensure you have a clear idea of your business direction and enable you to give a concise, well-formed description when you explain your business to others.

It should include:

• What your business does
• Who your target audience is
• Your unique selling point (USP): What sets you apart from competitors?

3. About the Business Owner

Add a bit about yourself, why you want to start an interior design business, and any experience you have in the industry. Things to cover include:

• Who are you? 
• Why do you want to start this business?
• What experience do you have?
• Relevant qualifications and training
• Relevant hobbies and interests

4. Services you’ll Offer

How is your business going to make its money? Explain the different interior design services your business will offer and whether you’ll also sell any physical products. 

• A list of services you’ll offer as an interior designer
• Any products you’ll sell
• Plans for future products and services

5. Business Structure

Will you work as a sole trader and hire contractors to help, or will you hire employees? Do you have a network of suppliers in place to help you carry out your projects? Include information on your employees, contractors, suppliers, and their roles in this section:

• Whether you’ll hire full-time employees or outsource to contractors
• Job roles and responsibilities
• List of suppliers needed to help fulfil projects

6. Market Summary

The market summary section of your business plan should include information about the current market and market trends, your target audience, and competitors. This section will not only help outsiders understand your target market, but it’ll also help you understand how best to advertise your products and services.

Your market summary can be split into a few sections:

Target customers

• Target customer profile: Who are your target customers?
• Who are you selling to? (e.g. businesses or individuals, residential or commercial)
• Why do they/will they buy from you?
• Any already confirmed orders 

Competitors

• Who are your competitors?
• What’s your USP? What makes your business different? 
• SWOT analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats 

Market research

• Size of market
• Market trends
• Field research (Ask prospective customers what they think about your business idea)

7. Sales and Marketing Strategy

How will you reach your target customers, and what channels will you sell your products through? What price point will you sell your services at? The sales and marketing strategy section should cover:

• Sources of income: How will you sell your products and services? (E.g. online services, products, commercial and residential projects)
• Marketing channels: How will you advertise your products and services?

 (E.g. word of mouth, social media, direct mail, trade shows)

• Pricing strategy: What price point and why?
• Are you likely to get repeat customers or retainer clients?

8. Business Operations

This section covers the day-to-day running of your business, what’s involved in each interior design project or the production of any products you sell, where your business will operate, what equipment and insurance you’ll need, etc.

• Production/projects: How long will it take, how much will it cost you?
• Payment: How will customers pay? (e.g. upfront, deposit, payment plan)
• List of suppliers: Who are your suppliers?
• Business premises: Where will your business operate from?
• Equipment needed: What equipment do you need for your business to operate?
• Licenses and insurance: What licenses and insurance do you need for your business to operate?

There are various expenses involved in running a business, so you’ll need to list these. Your expenses will include things like:

• Business premises
• Employee/contractor wages
• Merchandise production
• Loan repayments
•  Financial Forecasts 

Financial forecasts can be tricky if you’re just starting out, but try to put together a realistic calculation for the next three to five years. Essentially, you need to prove that your business will survive and become profitable. If you’re a small business or startup, speaking to an adviser at your bank may help with forecasting.

Your financial forecasts should include:

• Historical sales figures from the last three to five years (if applicable)
• Sales forecast: How much money you expect the business to take
• Profit forecast:  How much profit you expect the business to make
• Monthly cash flow and business bank balance
• Balance sheet: Your business’ assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity (smaller businesses may not require this

As you can see, a lot goes into starting your own interior design business. And while creating a business plan might seem like a long process, it’ll definitely help you in the long run. 

About The Author

Freddie Chatt

Related posts, transforming spaces: the integration of ai interior design, 7 of the best free interior designer courses online, 5 key seo tips for interior designers: rank your interior design website, 14 tips for your interior design blog: get more clients from your blog.

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Graphic Design Business Plan

If you are planning to start a new graphic design company, the first thing you will need is a business plan. Use our sample graphic design business plan created using Upmetrics business plan software to start writing your business plan in no time.

Before you start writing your business plan for your new graphic design business, spend as much time as you can reading through some examples of  software-related business plans .

Reading sample business plans will give you a good idea of what you’re aiming for, and also it will show you the different sections that different entrepreneurs include and the language they use to write about themselves and their business plans.

We have created this sample graphic design business plan for you to get a good idea about what a perfect graphic design business plan should look like and what details you will need to include in your stunning business plan.

Graphic Design Business Plan Outline

This is the standard graphic design business plan outline which will cover all important sections that you should include in your business plan.

• Business Overview
• Keys to Success
• 3 Year profit forecast
• Company Ownership
• Startup cost
• Funding Required
• Products and services
• Marketing share
• Target Market Segment Strategy
• Competition and Buying Patterns
• Marketing Strategy
• Sales Forecast
• Sales Yearly
• Detailed Sales Forecast
• Competitive Edge
• Website Marketing Strategy
• Development Requirements
• Average Salary of Employees
• Important Assumptions
• Brake-even Analysis
• Profit Yearly
• Gross Margin Yearly
• Projected Cash Flow
• Projected Balance Sheet
• Business Ratios

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After  getting started with upmetrics , you can copy this sample business plan into your business plan and modify the required information and download your graphic design business plan pdf and doc file. It’s the fastest and easiest way to start writing your business plan.

Download a sample graphic design business plan

Need help writing your business plan from scratch? Here you go;  download our free graphic design business plan pdf  to start.

It’s a modern business plan template specifically designed for your graphic design business. Use the example business plan as a guide for writing your own.

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Upmetrics is the #1 business planning software that helps entrepreneurs and business owners create investment-ready business plans using AI. We regularly share business planning insights on our blog. Check out the Upmetrics blog for such interesting reads. Read more

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How to Write a Business Plan for Your Interior Design Business

7 ways to create luxury interior design on a limited budget.

• Margot LaScala July 31 2023 . 7 min read

Starting your own interior design business is a special time filled with firsts. It’s easy to get swept up in the excitement and forget to iron out the finer details. Writing a business plan is the best first step you can take when it comes to starting your interior design business because in doing so, you’ll force yourself to get specific about your dreams, look at the practicals, and carve out a clear course of action. Your business plan is your roadmap for setting up your business processes, spreading the word about your services, and finding new clients. Let’s get started!

Step 1: Determine Your Niche

You have the opportunity to create the interior design business of your dreams. While the project possibilities are endless, it’s important to define your niche. Defining your niche will set you apart from your competition by making you a specialist in a specific design style, a certain type of space, a particular type of client, or even for designing within a certain budgetary range.

According to Carla Aston, there are many ways to find your niche. "I think it’s important after each project or even consultation, if you do those, to reflect back and make notes of what sparked joy within you." Maybe you love the farmhouse look, traditional homes, or a more sleek and modern style. You might also want to ask yourself who you enjoy working with. Maybe you’ve found that certain types of clients, like young families or single millennials, are consistently a delight for you to collaborate with, or perhaps there’s a certain type of space like kitchens or luxury hotels that you genuinely enjoy designing.

Once you’ve found your niche, it’s important to develop a detailed understanding of who your ideal clients are, the pain points they’re likely facing, and what their desires are, so you can develop a design process that delights them at every touchpoint. This will also help you create a marketing strategy that speaks straight to the hearts of those seeking out your services and positions you as the obvious choice.

"Over time, I've developed budget parameters, personality traits of desired clients, style of design, size of projects, locations where I want to work, etc., that spark joy for me and I've designed my business model to accommodate only those jobs. Remember that saying no to a job that doesn't fit into your model is almost more important than saying yes to one that does,” says Aston.

Step 2: Define Your Services

The next step is to define your services. What services bring you the most joy? Some interior designers love managing projects and coordinating with tradespeople, while others would rather delegate these tasks. Decide on which services you’d like to offer and personally tend to and which you’d rather have someone else handle.

There are so many different types of interior design services you can offer . Design consultations, space planning, furniture selection, art curation, custom window treatments, plumbing, flooring, lighting, installation, and re-designs are just a few. Some services, such as construction and window design, even overlap with architecture. It’s also important to specify which types of spaces your services are for so you can attract projects you enjoy. Commercial, institutional, residential, and office spaces are just some of the spaces to consider.

Next, conduct market research by taking a look at the language your competitors are using and interviewing prospective clients about their desires and pain points. Having this information in your back pocket will help you further define your services and communicate them in a way that speaks straight to your ideal clients.

Step 3: Decide on Your Rate.

There are many questions to consider when it comes to determining your rate. For starters, how much money do you need to make at a minimum to cover your current expenses and meet your income goals? How much money will you need in addition to meet your savings goals and also to live comfortably? Next, ask yourself, in a given amount of time, how many projects can you reasonably accomplish? Will you bill hourly or charge a flat rate per project? Once you’ve decided on each of these factors, establish your rates. It all boils down to the number of projects you can do in a certain amount of time and how much money you’ll need to live comfortably.

And don’t underestimate your expertise. Sharing knowledge is a service in itself, implementing it for people will naturally cost even more. If you charge too low, you’ll give people the impression that your services aren’t as high quality as other designers who might charge more for the same services. No matter what, it’s important that you make a profit.

You can also find creative ways to save money. Develop good relationships with vendors and tradespeople and look for vendors who offer discounts for interior designers. You can also consider upcharging for materials by a certain percentage.

Most importantly, when sharing your rate with your clients, it’s important to communicate your process to them and explain the amount of time that’s involved. Your clients will never understand how much work goes into a single project unless you clearly define the scope and lay out all of the details for them.

Step 4: Develop a Marketing Strategy.

Now, it’s time to get started on your marketing strategy. Where do you want to be in 5 years? Dream big. For example, do you need a certain number of projects by a certain time? Do you want your work to be published in a certain magazine or a certain number of magazines to help build brand awareness and showcase your work? Marketing yourself well will get you there.

The best way to spread the word is by word of mouth. Attend networking events and local interior design shows. Build relationships with local vendors, and hand out business cards and other marketing collateral. When people enjoy working with you and love the quality of your work, they’ll naturally want to tell everyone about your services. This is why it’s important to create the best client experience possible where you delight your clients at every stage of the process, which begins with building a beautiful and consistent brand.

Develop a consistent brand that reflects the personality of your business as well as your niche. You’ll need a logo and a beautifully designed website that matches the quality of your work. If you settle for anything less, you’ll be doing yourself a huge disservice, some might even call it self-sabotage.

Squarespace has stunning website templates that you can use to showcase your interior design work. There’s no need to have a lot of pages on your website—the simpler the better. For optimal results, you’ll need a homepage, about, services, portfolio, and a contact us page with testimonials and beautiful images placed throughout your site. Since interior design is largely visual, hiring a professional photographer is key.

To learn more about branding for interior designers, check out our post Identifying Individuality and Building an Authentic Brand .

And don’t forget to ask your clients for reviews about their experience working with you, and keep all of your reviews on your website. You’ll also want to create a social media presence to provide an online community for your dedicated clients and a platform to attract new ones. You can share your client reviews on social media periodically with an accompanying image or blog post. Have fun with Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and PPC ads, and use Canva to easily create stunning social media graphics.

Step 5: Get a Solid Accounting System.

Last but not least, get a solid accounting system to make your life, or your accountant or bookkeeper’s life, easier. Design Manager is an accounting software designed with interior designers in mind. With careful item tracking, in-depth drill downs for each item, interior design specific reporting, and easy anywhere, anytime access, Design Manager can help you save time and money by streamlining your entire interior design business from anywhere in the world.

Once you’ve determined your niche, defined your services, decided on your rate, developed your marketing strategy, and found a solid accounting system, you’re well on your way to starting a successful interior design business. Write everything down so you can periodically refer back to your business plan to keep yourself on track.

Learn more about why Design Manager is the best accounting software for interior designers by checking out our interview with bookkeeper Brad Shark right here .

Angela Sanders, Contributing Author

Topics: Business of Design

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How To Write A Business Plan (2024 Guide)

Updated: Apr 17, 2024, 11:59am

Table of Contents

Brainstorm an executive summary, create a company description, brainstorm your business goals, describe your services or products, conduct market research, create financial plans, bottom line, frequently asked questions.

Every business starts with a vision, which is distilled and communicated through a business plan. In addition to your high-level hopes and dreams, a strong business plan outlines short-term and long-term goals, budget and whatever else you might need to get started. In this guide, we’ll walk you through how to write a business plan that you can stick to and help guide your operations as you get started.

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Drafting the Summary

An executive summary is an extremely important first step in your business. You have to be able to put the basic facts of your business in an elevator pitch-style sentence to grab investors’ attention and keep their interest. This should communicate your business’s name, what the products or services you’re selling are and what marketplace you’re entering.

Ask for Help

When drafting the executive summary, you should have a few different options. Enlist a few thought partners to review your executive summary possibilities to determine which one is best.

After you have the executive summary in place, you can work on the company description, which contains more specific information. In the description, you’ll need to include your business’s registered name , your business address and any key employees involved in the business. 

The business description should also include the structure of your business, such as sole proprietorship , limited liability company (LLC) , partnership or corporation. This is the time to specify how much of an ownership stake everyone has in the company. Finally, include a section that outlines the history of the company and how it has evolved over time.

Wherever you are on the business journey, you return to your goals and assess where you are in meeting your in-progress targets and setting new goals to work toward.

Numbers-based Goals

Goals can cover a variety of sections of your business. Financial and profit goals are a given for when you’re establishing your business, but there are other goals to take into account as well with regard to brand awareness and growth. For example, you might want to hit a certain number of followers across social channels or raise your engagement rates.

Another goal could be to attract new investors or find grants if you’re a nonprofit business. If you’re looking to grow, you’ll want to set revenue targets to make that happen as well.

Intangible Goals

Goals unrelated to traceable numbers are important as well. These can include seeing your business’s advertisement reach the general public or receiving a terrific client review. These goals are important for the direction you take your business and the direction you want it to go in the future.

The business plan should have a section that explains the services or products that you’re offering. This is the part where you can also describe how they fit in the current market or are providing something necessary or entirely new. If you have any patents or trademarks, this is where you can include those too.

If you have any visual aids, they should be included here as well. This would also be a good place to include pricing strategy and explain your materials.

This is the part of the business plan where you can explain your expertise and different approach in greater depth. Show how what you’re offering is vital to the market and fills an important gap.

You can also situate your business in your industry and compare it to other ones and how you have a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Other than financial goals, you want to have a budget and set your planned weekly, monthly and annual spending. There are several different costs to consider, such as operational costs.

Business Operations Costs

Rent for your business is the first big cost to factor into your budget. If your business is remote, the cost that replaces rent will be the software that maintains your virtual operations.

Marketing and sales costs should be next on your list. Devoting money to making sure people know about your business is as important as making sure it functions.

Other Costs

Although you can’t anticipate disasters, there are likely to be unanticipated costs that come up at some point in your business’s existence. It’s important to factor these possible costs into your financial plans so you’re not caught totally unaware.

Business plans are important for businesses of all sizes so that you can define where your business is and where you want it to go. Growing your business requires a vision, and giving yourself a roadmap in the form of a business plan will set you up for success.

How do I write a simple business plan?

When you’re working on a business plan, make sure you have as much information as possible so that you can simplify it to the most relevant information. A simple business plan still needs all of the parts included in this article, but you can be very clear and direct.

What are some common mistakes in a business plan?

The most common mistakes in a business plan are common writing issues like grammar errors or misspellings. It’s important to be clear in your sentence structure and proofread your business plan before sending it to any investors or partners.

What basic items should be included in a business plan?

When writing out a business plan, you want to make sure that you cover everything related to your concept for the business,  an analysis of the industry―including potential customers and an overview of the market for your goods or services―how you plan to execute your vision for the business, how you plan to grow the business if it becomes successful and all financial data around the business, including current cash on hand, potential investors and budget plans for the next few years.

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Example of a Business Plan for a Fashion Designer

Whether you've graduated from Parsons School of Design or a smaller fashion school, you can't begin to create your fashion empire without first creating a business plan. Running a fashion business is challenging and time-consuming, but the results can fulfill your dreams – if you are committed to sticking to your plan. A business plan for opening your own fashion studio must include an executive summary, company vision, market and competitive analysis, and the ways your company will position itself to take advantage of your targeted market.

The Executive Summary

The executive summary of your fashion business plan is the equivalent of an elevator pitch that boils everything down to two paragraphs. It should include the name of your fashion business, the area where you want to operate, the type of clothes and accessories you plan to create, and your target market.

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For example, if you were designing high-end, haute couture dresses, your summary could include, "XYZ Haute Couture will cater to wealthy women from 40 to 55 in San Francisco. Our location in the heart of Union Square will help us attract the wealthiest shoppers in the city who are looking for designer-quality clothing at less-than-market prices."

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This section helps prospective investors understand the type of clothes and accessories you're going to offer in your fashion business and the market that you want to attract. For example, if you're going to make hip-hop street wear, you must explain how that street wear will meet the wants, needs and tastes of your targeted market. More importantly, you must also express a unique selling proposition, which is the thing you believe will set your clothes apart from anyone else in the industry. For instance, if your hip-hop street wear is made using sustainable fabrics, it can help differentiate and brand your fashion business.

Create Your Market Analysis

Defining your target market is essential to helping prospective investors understand how they will get a return on their investment. The biggest mistake fashion designers make is to define their market too broadly. For example, if you're designing comfortable beachwear and you write that your target market is "women between 30 and 45 who love spending time at the beach," you've failed the target market test, because your market is too broad and undefined.

To make it more specific and targeted, you would write that your target market is, "active women between 30 and 45 who earn $50,000 or more per year and spend an average of $2,000 per year on casual clothing and accessories." Your market analysis must also explain how your business will capitalize on existing fashion trends, how your pricing structure compares to that of your main competitors, and how your business will fulfill an untapped niche in the market.

Explain Your Manufacturing Process

Designing fashion is one thing, but manufacturing clothes and accessories for a product line requires a detailed plan. Questions you must answer in this section of your plan include: Where will you manufacture your clothes? Have you obtained estimates with several manufacturing companies? If you're using an overseas manufacturing company, how does the pricing structure change when converted into American dollars?

Explain Your Distribution Process

After you've made plans to design and manufacture your clothes and accessories, you have to explain your distribution plan. You may want to hire a distributor to help you gain access to retail stores in the area as well as big trade shows where you can showcase your designs and secure orders from independent fashion retailers.

Include Your Financial Plan

Your fashion company's financial plan must include financial statements that show the relative health of the business and provide investors and lenders with vital company data. An income statement shows how much revenue the designer expects to generate, as well as the costs the designer expects to encounter as the clothing line develops. The financial plan should also include a break-even analysis that tells investors the threshold of profitability.

For example, you could write, "XYZ Streetwear will adopt a moderate growth plan, with the goal of always having a positive cash balance. Our payment options will include major credit cards, cash and checks. The break-even analysis based on average costs and prices has been completed. With fixed costs of $6,000 and $50 in average sales, and $25 in average variable costs, the business requires $12,500 per month in sales to break even."

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Sampson Quain is an experienced content writer with a wide range of expertise in small business, digital marketing, SEO marketing, SEM marketing, and social media outreach. He has written primarily for the EHow brand of Demand Studios as well as business strategy sites such as Digital Authority.

Table of Contents

How to make a business plan

How to make a good business plan: step-by-step guide.

A business plan is a strategic roadmap used to navigate the challenging journey of entrepreneurship. It's the foundation upon which you build a successful business.

A well-crafted business plan can help you define your vision, clarify your goals, and identify potential problems before they arise.

But where do you start? How do you create a business plan that sets you up for success?

This article will explore the step-by-step process of creating a comprehensive business plan.

What is a business plan?

A business plan is a formal document that outlines a business's objectives, strategies, and operational procedures. It typically includes the following information about a company:

Products or services

Target market

Competitors

Marketing and sales strategies

Financial plan

Management team

A business plan serves as a roadmap for a company's success and provides a blueprint for its growth and development. It helps entrepreneurs and business owners organize their ideas, evaluate the feasibility, and identify potential challenges and opportunities.

As well as serving as a guide for business owners, a business plan can attract investors and secure funding. It demonstrates the company's understanding of the market, its ability to generate revenue and profits, and its strategy for managing risks and achieving success.

Business plan vs. business model canvas

A business plan may seem similar to a business model canvas, but each document serves a different purpose.

A business model canvas is a high-level overview that helps entrepreneurs and business owners quickly test and iterate their ideas. It is often a one-page document that briefly outlines the following:

Key partnerships

Key activities

Key propositions

Customer relationships

Customer segments

Key resources

Cost structure

Revenue streams

On the other hand, a Business Plan Template provides a more in-depth analysis of a company's strategy and operations. It is typically a lengthy document and requires significant time and effort to develop.

A business model shouldn’t replace a business plan, and vice versa. Business owners should lay the foundations and visually capture the most important information with a Business Model Canvas Template . Because this is a fast and efficient way to communicate a business idea, a business model canvas is a good starting point before developing a more comprehensive business plan.

A business plan can aim to secure funding from investors or lenders, while a business model canvas communicates a business idea to potential customers or partners.

Why is a business plan important?

A business plan is crucial for any entrepreneur or business owner wanting to increase their chances of success.

Here are some of the many benefits of having a thorough business plan.

Helps to define the business goals and objectives

A business plan encourages you to think critically about your goals and objectives. Doing so lets you clearly understand what you want to achieve and how you plan to get there.

A well-defined set of goals, objectives, and key results also provides a sense of direction and purpose, which helps keep business owners focused and motivated.

Guides decision-making

A business plan requires you to consider different scenarios and potential problems that may arise in your business. This awareness allows you to devise strategies to deal with these issues and avoid pitfalls.

With a clear plan, entrepreneurs can make informed decisions aligning with their overall business goals and objectives. This helps reduce the risk of making costly mistakes and ensures they make decisions with long-term success in mind.

Attracts investors and secures funding

Investors and lenders often require a business plan before considering investing in your business. A document that outlines the company's goals, objectives, and financial forecasts can help instill confidence in potential investors and lenders.

A well-written business plan demonstrates that you have thoroughly thought through your business idea and have a solid plan for success.

Identifies potential challenges and risks

A business plan requires entrepreneurs to consider potential challenges and risks that could impact their business. For example:

Is there enough demand for my product or service?

Will I have enough capital to start my business?

Is the market oversaturated with too many competitors?

What will happen if my marketing strategy is ineffective?

By identifying these potential challenges, entrepreneurs can develop strategies to mitigate risks and overcome challenges. This can reduce the likelihood of costly mistakes and ensure the business is well-positioned to take on any challenges.

Provides a basis for measuring success

A business plan serves as a framework for measuring success by providing clear goals and financial projections . Entrepreneurs can regularly refer to the original business plan as a benchmark to measure progress. By comparing the current business position to initial forecasts, business owners can answer questions such as:

Are we where we want to be at this point?

Did we achieve our goals?

If not, why not, and what do we need to do?

After assessing whether the business is meeting its objectives or falling short, business owners can adjust their strategies as needed.

How to make a business plan step by step

The steps below will guide you through the process of creating a business plan and what key components you need to include.

1. Create an executive summary

Start with a brief overview of your entire plan. The executive summary should cover your business plan's main points and key takeaways.

Keep your executive summary concise and clear with the Executive Summary Template . The simple design helps readers understand the crux of your business plan without reading the entire document.

2. Write your company description

Provide a detailed explanation of your company. Include information on what your company does, the mission statement, and your vision for the future.

Provide additional background information on the history of your company, the founders, and any notable achievements or milestones.

3. Conduct a market analysis

Conduct an in-depth analysis of your industry, competitors, and target market. This is best done with a SWOT analysis to identify your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Next, identify your target market's needs, demographics, and behaviors.

Use the Competitive Analysis Template to brainstorm answers to simple questions like:

What does the current market look like?

Who are your competitors?

What are they offering?

What will give you a competitive advantage?

Who is your target market?

What are they looking for and why?

How will your product or service satisfy a need?

These questions should give you valuable insights into the current market and where your business stands.

4. Describe your products and services

Provide detailed information about your products and services. This includes pricing information, product features, and any unique selling points.

Use the Product/Market Fit Template to explain how your products meet the needs of your target market. Describe what sets them apart from the competition.

5. Design a marketing and sales strategy

Outline how you plan to promote and sell your products. Your marketing strategy and sales strategy should include information about your:

Pricing strategy

Advertising and promotional tactics

Sales channels

The Go to Market Strategy Template is a great way to visually map how you plan to launch your product or service in a new or existing market.

6. Determine budget and financial projections

Document detailed information on your business’ finances. Describe the current financial position of the company and how you expect the finances to play out.

Some details to include in this section are:

Startup costs

Revenue projections

Profit and loss statement

Funding you have received or plan to receive

Strategy for raising funds

7. Set the organization and management structure

Define how your company is structured and who will be responsible for each aspect of the business. Use the Business Organizational Chart Template to visually map the company’s teams, roles, and hierarchy.

As well as the organization and management structure, discuss the legal structure of your business. Clarify whether your business is a corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, or LLC.

8. Make an action plan

At this point in your business plan, you’ve described what you’re aiming for. But how are you going to get there? The Action Plan Template describes the following steps to move your business plan forward. Outline the next steps you plan to take to bring your business plan to fruition.

Types of business plans

Several types of business plans cater to different purposes and stages of a company's lifecycle. Here are some of the most common types of business plans.

Startup business plan

A startup business plan is typically an entrepreneur's first business plan. This document helps entrepreneurs articulate their business idea when starting a new business.

Not sure how to make a business plan for a startup? It’s pretty similar to a regular business plan, except the primary purpose of a startup business plan is to convince investors to provide funding for the business. A startup business plan also outlines the potential target market, product/service offering, marketing plan, and financial projections.

Strategic business plan

A strategic business plan is a long-term plan that outlines a company's overall strategy, objectives, and tactics. This type of strategic plan focuses on the big picture and helps business owners set goals and priorities and measure progress.

The primary purpose of a strategic business plan is to provide direction and guidance to the company's management team and stakeholders. The plan typically covers a period of three to five years.

Operational business plan

An operational business plan is a detailed document that outlines the day-to-day operations of a business. It focuses on the specific activities and processes required to run the business, such as:

Organizational structure

Staffing plan

Production plan

Quality control

Inventory management

Supply chain

The primary purpose of an operational business plan is to ensure that the business runs efficiently and effectively. It helps business owners manage their resources, track their performance, and identify areas for improvement.

Growth-business plan

A growth-business plan is a strategic plan that outlines how a company plans to expand its business. It helps business owners identify new market opportunities and increase revenue and profitability. The primary purpose of a growth-business plan is to provide a roadmap for the company's expansion and growth.

The 3 Horizons of Growth Template is a great tool to identify new areas of growth. This framework categorizes growth opportunities into three categories: Horizon 1 (core business), Horizon 2 (emerging business), and Horizon 3 (potential business).

One-page business plan

A one-page business plan is a condensed version of a full business plan that focuses on the most critical aspects of a business. It’s a great tool for entrepreneurs who want to quickly communicate their business idea to potential investors, partners, or employees.

A one-page business plan typically includes sections such as business concept, value proposition, revenue streams, and cost structure.

Best practices for how to make a good business plan

Here are some additional tips for creating a business plan:

Use a template

A template can help you organize your thoughts and effectively communicate your business ideas and strategies. Starting with a template can also save you time and effort when formatting your plan.

Miro’s extensive library of customizable templates includes all the necessary sections for a comprehensive business plan. With our templates, you can confidently present your business plans to stakeholders and investors.

Be practical

Avoid overestimating revenue projections or underestimating expenses. Your business plan should be grounded in practical realities like your budget, resources, and capabilities.

Be specific

Provide as much detail as possible in your business plan. A specific plan is easier to execute because it provides clear guidance on what needs to be done and how. Without specific details, your plan may be too broad or vague, making it difficult to know where to start or how to measure success.

Be thorough with your research

Conduct thorough research to fully understand the market, your competitors, and your target audience . By conducting thorough research, you can identify potential risks and challenges your business may face and develop strategies to mitigate them.

Get input from others

It can be easy to become overly focused on your vision and ideas, leading to tunnel vision and a lack of objectivity. By seeking input from others, you can identify potential opportunities you may have overlooked.

Review and revise regularly

A business plan is a living document. You should update it regularly to reflect market, industry, and business changes. Set aside time for regular reviews and revisions to ensure your plan remains relevant and effective.

Create a winning business plan to chart your path to success

Starting or growing a business can be challenging, but it doesn't have to be. Whether you're a seasoned entrepreneur or just starting, a well-written business plan can make or break your business’ success.

The purpose of a business plan is more than just to secure funding and attract investors. It also serves as a roadmap for achieving your business goals and realizing your vision. With the right mindset, tools, and strategies, you can develop a visually appealing, persuasive business plan.

Ready to make an effective business plan that works for you? Check out our library of ready-made strategy and planning templates and chart your path to success.

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How to Write a Business Plan in 9 Steps (+ Template and Examples)

Every successful business has one thing in common, a good and well-executed business plan. A business plan is more than a document, it is a complete guide that outlines the goals your business wants to achieve, including its financial goals . It helps you analyze results, make strategic decisions, show your business operations and growth.

If you want to start a business or already have one and need to pitch it to investors for funding, writing a good business plan improves your chances of attracting financiers. As a startup, if you want to secure loans from financial institutions, part of the requirements involve submitting your business plan.

Writing a business plan does not have to be a complicated or time-consuming process. In this article, you will learn the step-by-step process for writing a successful business plan.

You will also learn what you need a business plan for, tips and strategies for writing a convincing business plan, business plan examples and templates that will save you tons of time, and the alternatives to the traditional business plan.

Let’s get started.

What Do You Need A Business Plan For?

Businesses create business plans for different purposes such as to secure funds, monitor business growth, measure your marketing strategies, and measure your business success.

1. Secure Funds

One of the primary reasons for writing a business plan is to secure funds, either from financial institutions/agencies or investors.

For you to effectively acquire funds, your business plan must contain the key elements of your business plan . For example, your business plan should include your growth plans, goals you want to achieve, and milestones you have recorded.

A business plan can also attract new business partners that are willing to contribute financially and intellectually. If you are writing a business plan to a bank, your project must show your traction , that is, the proof that you can pay back any loan borrowed.

Also, if you are writing to an investor, your plan must contain evidence that you can effectively utilize the funds you want them to invest in your business. Here, you are using your business plan to persuade a group or an individual that your business is a source of a good investment.

2. Monitor Business Growth

A business plan can help you track cash flows in your business. It steers your business to greater heights. A business plan capable of tracking business growth should contain:

• The business goals
• Methods to achieve the goals
• Time-frame for attaining those goals

A good business plan should guide you through every step in achieving your goals. It can also track the allocation of assets to every aspect of the business. You can tell when you are spending more than you should on a project.

You can compare a business plan to a written GPS. It helps you manage your business and hints at the right time to expand your business.

3. Measure Business Success

A business plan can help you measure your business success rate. Some small-scale businesses are thriving better than more prominent companies because of their track record of success.

Right from the onset of your business operation, set goals and work towards them. Write a plan to guide you through your procedures. Use your plan to measure how much you have achieved and how much is left to attain.

You can also weigh your success by monitoring the position of your brand relative to competitors. On the other hand, a business plan can also show you why you have not achieved a goal. It can tell if you have elapsed the time frame you set to attain a goal.

4. Document Your Marketing Strategies

You can use a business plan to document your marketing plans. Every business should have an effective marketing plan.

Competition mandates every business owner to go the extraordinary mile to remain relevant in the market. Your business plan should contain your marketing strategies that work. You can measure the success rate of your marketing plans.

In your business plan, your marketing strategy must answer the questions:

• How do you want to reach your target audience?
• How do you plan to retain your customers?
• What is/are your pricing plans?
• What is your budget for marketing?

How to Write a Business Plan Step-by-Step

1. create your executive summary.

The executive summary is a snapshot of your business or a high-level overview of your business purposes and plans . Although the executive summary is the first section in your business plan, most people write it last. The length of the executive summary is not more than two pages.

Generally, there are nine sections in a business plan, the executive summary should condense essential ideas from the other eight sections.

A good executive summary should do the following:

• A Snapshot of Growth Potential. Briefly inform the reader about your company and why it will be successful)
• Contain your Mission Statement which explains what the main objective or focus of your business is.
• Product Description and Differentiation. Brief description of your products or services and why it is different from other solutions in the market.
• The Team. Basic information about your company’s leadership team and employees
• Business Concept. A solid description of what your business does.
• Target Market. The customers you plan to sell to.
• Marketing Strategy. Your plans on reaching and selling to your customers
• Current Financial State. Brief information about what revenue your business currently generates.
• Projected Financial State. Brief information about what you foresee your business revenue to be in the future.

The executive summary is the make-or-break section of your business plan. If your summary cannot in less than two pages cannot clearly describe how your business will solve a particular problem of your target audience and make a profit, your business plan is set on a faulty foundation.

Avoid using the executive summary to hype your business, instead, focus on helping the reader understand the what and how of your plan.

View the executive summary as an opportunity to introduce your vision for your company. You know your executive summary is powerful when it can answer these key questions:

• Who is your target audience?
• What sector or industry are you in?
• What are your products and services?
• What is the future of your industry?
• Is your company scaleable?
• Who are the owners and leaders of your company? What are their backgrounds and experience levels?
• What is the motivation for starting your company?
• What are the next steps?

Writing the executive summary last although it is the most important section of your business plan is an excellent idea. The reason why is because it is a high-level overview of your business plan. It is the section that determines whether potential investors and lenders will read further or not.

The executive summary can be a stand-alone document that covers everything in your business plan. It is not uncommon for investors to request only the executive summary when evaluating your business. If the information in the executive summary impresses them, they will ask for the complete business plan.

If you are writing your business plan for your planning purposes, you do not need to write the executive summary.

2. Add Your Company Overview

The company overview or description is the next section in your business plan after the executive summary. It describes what your business does.

Adding your company overview can be tricky especially when your business is still in the planning stages. Existing businesses can easily summarize their current operations but may encounter difficulties trying to explain what they plan to become.

Your company overview should contain the following:

• What products and services you will provide
• Geographical markets and locations your company have a presence
• What you need to run your business
• Who your target audience or customers are
• Who will service your customers
• Your company’s purpose, mission, and vision
• Information about your company’s founders
• Who the founders are
• Notable achievements of your company so far

When creating a company overview, you have to focus on three basics: identifying your industry, identifying your customer, and explaining the problem you solve.

If you are stuck when creating your company overview, try to answer some of these questions that pertain to you.

• Who are you targeting? (The answer is not everyone)
• What pain point does your product or service solve for your customers that they will be willing to spend money on resolving?
• How does your product or service overcome that pain point?
• Where is the location of your business?
• What products, equipment, and services do you need to run your business?
• How is your company’s product or service different from your competition in the eyes of your customers?
• How many employees do you need and what skills do you require them to have?

After answering some or all of these questions, you will get more than enough information you need to write your company overview or description section. When writing this section, describe what your company does for your customers.

The company description or overview section contains three elements: mission statement, history, and objectives.

• Mission Statement

The mission statement refers to the reason why your business or company is existing. It goes beyond what you do or sell, it is about the ‘why’. A good mission statement should be emotional and inspirational.

Your mission statement should follow the KISS rule (Keep It Simple, Stupid). For example, Shopify’s mission statement is “Make commerce better for everyone.”

When describing your company’s history, make it simple and avoid the temptation of tying it to a defensive narrative. Write it in the manner you would a profile. Your company’s history should include the following information:

• Founding Date
• Major Milestones
• Location(s)
• Flagship Products or Services
• Number of Employees
• Executive Leadership Roles

When you fill in this information, you use it to write one or two paragraphs about your company’s history.

Business Objectives

Your business objective must be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound.) Failure to clearly identify your business objectives does not inspire confidence and makes it hard for your team members to work towards a common purpose.

3. Perform Market and Competitive Analyses to Proof a Big Enough Business Opportunity

The third step in writing a business plan is the market and competitive analysis section. Every business, no matter the size, needs to perform comprehensive market and competitive analyses before it enters into a market.

Performing market and competitive analyses are critical for the success of your business. It helps you avoid entering the right market with the wrong product, or vice versa. Anyone reading your business plans, especially financiers and financial institutions will want to see proof that there is a big enough business opportunity you are targeting.

This section is where you describe the market and industry you want to operate in and show the big opportunities in the market that your business can leverage to make a profit. If you noticed any unique trends when doing your research, show them in this section.

Market analysis alone is not enough, you have to add competitive analysis to strengthen this section. There are already businesses in the industry or market, how do you plan to take a share of the market from them?

You have to clearly illustrate the competitive landscape in your business plan. Are there areas your competitors are doing well? Are there areas where they are not doing so well? Show it.

Make it clear in this section why you are moving into the industry and what weaknesses are present there that you plan to explain. How are your competitors going to react to your market entry? How do you plan to get customers? Do you plan on taking your competitors' competitors, tap into other sources for customers, or both?

Illustrate the competitive landscape as well. What are your competitors doing well and not so well?

Answering these questions and thoughts will aid your market and competitive analysis of the opportunities in your space. Depending on how sophisticated your industry is, or the expectations of your financiers, you may need to carry out a more comprehensive market and competitive analysis to prove that big business opportunity.

Instead of looking at the market and competitive analyses as one entity, separating them will make the research even more comprehensive.

Market Analysis

Market analysis, boarding speaking, refers to research a business carried out on its industry, market, and competitors. It helps businesses gain a good understanding of their target market and the outlook of their industry. Before starting a company, it is vital to carry out market research to find out if the market is viable.

The market analysis section is a key part of the business plan. It is the section where you identify who your best clients or customers are. You cannot omit this section, without it your business plan is incomplete.

A good market analysis will tell your readers how you fit into the existing market and what makes you stand out. This section requires in-depth research, it will probably be the most time-consuming part of the business plan to write.

• Market Research

To create a compelling market analysis that will win over investors and financial institutions, you have to carry out thorough market research . Your market research should be targeted at your primary target market for your products or services. Here is what you want to find out about your target market.

• Your target market’s needs or pain points
• The existing solutions for their pain points
• Geographic Location
• Demographics

The purpose of carrying out a marketing analysis is to get all the information you need to show that you have a solid and thorough understanding of your target audience.

Only after you have fully understood the people you plan to sell your products or services to, can you evaluate correctly if your target market will be interested in your products or services.

You can easily convince interested parties to invest in your business if you can show them you thoroughly understand the market and show them that there is a market for your products or services.

How to Quantify Your Target Market

One of the goals of your marketing research is to understand who your ideal customers are and their purchasing power. To quantify your target market, you have to determine the following:

• Your Potential Customers: They are the people you plan to target. For example, if you sell accounting software for small businesses , then anyone who runs an enterprise or large business is unlikely to be your customers. Also, individuals who do not have a business will most likely not be interested in your product.
• Total Households: If you are selling household products such as heating and air conditioning systems, determining the number of total households is more important than finding out the total population in the area you want to sell to. The logic is simple, people buy the product but it is the household that uses it.
• Median Income: You need to know the median income of your target market. If you target a market that cannot afford to buy your products and services, your business will not last long.
• Income by Demographics: If your potential customers belong to a certain age group or gender, determining income levels by demographics is necessary. For example, if you sell men's clothes, your target audience is men.

What Does a Good Market Analysis Entail?

Your business does not exist on its own, it can only flourish within an industry and alongside competitors. Market analysis takes into consideration your industry, target market, and competitors. Understanding these three entities will drastically improve your company’s chances of success.

You can view your market analysis as an examination of the market you want to break into and an education on the emerging trends and themes in that market. Good market analyses include the following:

• Industry Description. You find out about the history of your industry, the current and future market size, and who the largest players/companies are in your industry.
• Overview of Target Market. You research your target market and its characteristics. Who are you targeting? Note, it cannot be everyone, it has to be a specific group. You also have to find out all information possible about your customers that can help you understand how and why they make buying decisions.
• Size of Target Market: You need to know the size of your target market, how frequently they buy, and the expected quantity they buy so you do not risk overproducing and having lots of bad inventory. Researching the size of your target market will help you determine if it is big enough for sustained business or not.
• Growth Potential: Before picking a target market, you want to be sure there are lots of potential for future growth. You want to avoid going for an industry that is declining slowly or rapidly with almost zero growth potential.
• Market Share Potential: Does your business stand a good chance of taking a good share of the market?
• Market Pricing and Promotional Strategies: Your market analysis should give you an idea of the price point you can expect to charge for your products and services. Researching your target market will also give you ideas of pricing strategies you can implement to break into the market or to enjoy maximum profits.
• Potential Barriers to Entry: One of the biggest benefits of conducting market analysis is that it shows you every potential barrier to entry your business will likely encounter. It is a good idea to discuss potential barriers to entry such as changing technology. It informs readers of your business plan that you understand the market.
• Research on Competitors: You need to know the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors and how you can exploit them for the benefit of your business. Find patterns and trends among your competitors that make them successful, discover what works and what doesn’t, and see what you can do better.

The market analysis section is not just for talking about your target market, industry, and competitors. You also have to explain how your company can fill the hole you have identified in the market.

Here are some questions you can answer that can help you position your product or service in a positive light to your readers.

• Is your product or service of superior quality?
• What additional features do you offer that your competitors do not offer?
• Are you targeting a ‘new’ market?

Basically, your market analysis should include an analysis of what already exists in the market and an explanation of how your company fits into the market.

Competitive Analysis

In the competitive analysis section, y ou have to understand who your direct and indirect competitions are, and how successful they are in the marketplace. It is the section where you assess the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors, the advantage(s) they possess in the market and show the unique features or qualities that make you different from your competitors.

Many businesses do market analysis and competitive analysis together. However, to fully understand what the competitive analysis entails, it is essential to separate it from the market analysis.

Competitive analysis for your business can also include analysis on how to overcome barriers to entry in your target market.

The primary goal of conducting a competitive analysis is to distinguish your business from your competitors. A strong competitive analysis is essential if you want to convince potential funding sources to invest in your business. You have to show potential investors and lenders that your business has what it takes to compete in the marketplace successfully.

Competitive analysis will s how you what the strengths of your competition are and what they are doing to maintain that advantage.

When doing your competitive research, you first have to identify your competitor and then get all the information you can about them. The idea of spending time to identify your competitor and learn everything about them may seem daunting but it is well worth it.

Find answers to the following questions after you have identified who your competitors are.

• What are your successful competitors doing?
• Why is what they are doing working?
• Can your business do it better?
• What are the weaknesses of your successful competitors?
• What are they not doing well?
• Can your business turn its weaknesses into strengths?
• How good is your competitors’ customer service?
• Where do your competitors invest in advertising?
• What sales and pricing strategies are they using?
• What marketing strategies are they using?
• What kind of press coverage do they get?
• What are their customers saying about your competitors (both the positive and negative)?

If your competitors have a website, it is a good idea to visit their websites for more competitors’ research. Check their “About Us” page for more information.

If you are presenting your business plan to investors, you need to clearly distinguish yourself from your competitors. Investors can easily tell when you have not properly researched your competitors.

Take time to think about what unique qualities or features set you apart from your competitors. If you do not have any direct competition offering your product to the market, it does not mean you leave out the competitor analysis section blank. Instead research on other companies that are providing a similar product, or whose product is solving the problem your product solves.

The next step is to create a table listing the top competitors you want to include in your business plan. Ensure you list your business as the last and on the right. What you just created is known as the competitor analysis table.

Direct vs Indirect Competition

You cannot know if your product or service will be a fit for your target market if you have not understood your business and the competitive landscape.

There is no market you want to target where you will not encounter competition, even if your product is innovative. Including competitive analysis in your business plan is essential.

If you are entering an established market, you need to explain how you plan to differentiate your products from the available options in the market. Also, include a list of few companies that you view as your direct competitors The competition you face in an established market is your direct competition.

In situations where you are entering a market with no direct competition, it does not mean there is no competition there. Consider your indirect competition that offers substitutes for the products or services you offer.

For example, if you sell an innovative SaaS product, let us say a project management software , a company offering time management software is your indirect competition.

There is an easy way to find out who your indirect competitors are in the absence of no direct competitors. You simply have to research how your potential customers are solving the problems that your product or service seeks to solve. That is your direct competition.

Factors that Differentiate Your Business from the Competition

There are three main factors that any business can use to differentiate itself from its competition. They are cost leadership, product differentiation, and market segmentation.

1. Cost Leadership

A strategy you can impose to maximize your profits and gain an edge over your competitors. It involves offering lower prices than what the majority of your competitors are offering.

A common practice among businesses looking to enter into a market where there are dominant players is to use free trials or pricing to attract as many customers as possible to their offer.

2. Product Differentiation

Your product or service should have a unique selling proposition (USP) that your competitors do not have or do not stress in their marketing.

Part of the marketing strategy should involve making your products unique and different from your competitors. It does not have to be different from your competitors, it can be the addition to a feature or benefit that your competitors do not currently have.

3. Market Segmentation

As a new business seeking to break into an industry, you will gain more success from focusing on a specific niche or target market, and not the whole industry.

If your competitors are focused on a general need or target market, you can differentiate yourself from them by having a small and hyper-targeted audience. For example, if your competitors are selling men’s clothes in their online stores , you can sell hoodies for men.

4. Define Your Business and Management Structure

The next step in your business plan is your business and management structure. It is the section where you describe the legal structure of your business and the team running it.

Your business is only as good as the management team that runs it, while the management team can only strive when there is a proper business and management structure in place.

If your company is a sole proprietor or a limited liability company (LLC), a general or limited partnership, or a C or an S corporation, state it clearly in this section.

Use an organizational chart to show the management structure in your business. Clearly show who is in charge of what area in your company. It is where you show how each key manager or team leader’s unique experience can contribute immensely to the success of your company. You can also opt to add the resumes and CVs of the key players in your company.

The business and management structure section should show who the owner is, and other owners of the businesses (if the business has other owners). For businesses or companies with multiple owners, include the percent ownership of the various owners and clearly show the extent of each others’ involvement in the company.

Investors want to know who is behind the company and the team running it to determine if it has the right management to achieve its set goals.

Management Team

The management team section is where you show that you have the right team in place to successfully execute the business operations and ideas. Take time to create the management structure for your business. Think about all the important roles and responsibilities that you need managers for to grow your business.

Include brief bios of each key team member and ensure you highlight only the relevant information that is needed. If your team members have background industry experience or have held top positions for other companies and achieved success while filling that role, highlight it in this section.

A common mistake that many startups make is assigning C-level titles such as (CMO and CEO) to everyone on their team. It is unrealistic for a small business to have those titles. While it may look good on paper for the ego of your team members, it can prevent investors from investing in your business.

Instead of building an unrealistic management structure that does not fit your business reality, it is best to allow business titles to grow as the business grows. Starting everyone at the top leaves no room for future change or growth, which is bad for productivity.

Your management team does not have to be complete before you start writing your business plan. You can have a complete business plan even when there are managerial positions that are empty and need filling.

If you have management gaps in your team, simply show the gaps and indicate you are searching for the right candidates for the role(s). Investors do not expect you to have a full management team when you are just starting your business.

Key Questions to Answer When Structuring Your Management Team

• Who are the key leaders?
• What experiences, skills, and educational backgrounds do you expect your key leaders to have?
• Do your key leaders have industry experience?
• What positions will they fill and what duties will they perform in those positions?
• What level of authority do the key leaders have and what are their responsibilities?
• What is the salary for the various management positions that will attract the ideal candidates?

Additional Tips for Writing the Management Structure Section

1. Avoid Adding ‘Ghost’ Names to Your Management Team

There is always that temptation to include a ‘ghost’ name to your management team to attract and influence investors to invest in your business. Although the presence of these celebrity management team members may attract the attention of investors, it can cause your business to lose any credibility if you get found out.

Seasoned investors will investigate further the members of your management team before committing fully to your business If they find out that the celebrity name used does not play any actual role in your business, they will not invest and may write you off as dishonest.

2. Focus on Credentials But Pay Extra Attention to the Roles

Investors want to know the experience that your key team members have to determine if they can successfully reach the company’s growth and financial goals.

While it is an excellent boost for your key management team to have the right credentials, you also want to pay extra attention to the roles they will play in your company.

Organizational Chart

Adding an organizational chart in this section of your business plan is not necessary, you can do it in your business plan’s appendix.

If you are exploring funding options, it is not uncommon to get asked for your organizational chart. The function of an organizational chart goes beyond raising money, you can also use it as a useful planning tool for your business.

An organizational chart can help you identify how best to structure your management team for maximum productivity and point you towards key roles you need to fill in the future.

You can use the organizational chart to show your company’s internal management structure such as the roles and responsibilities of your management team, and relationships that exist between them.

5. Describe Your Product and Service Offering

In your business plan, you have to describe what you sell or the service you plan to offer. It is the next step after defining your business and management structure. The products and services section is where you sell the benefits of your business.

Here you have to explain how your product or service will benefit your customers and describe your product lifecycle. It is also the section where you write down your plans for intellectual property like patent filings and copyrighting.

The research and development that you are undertaking for your product or service need to be explained in detail in this section. However, do not get too technical, sell the general idea and its benefits.

If you have any diagrams or intricate designs of your product or service, do not include them in the products and services section. Instead, leave them for the addendum page. Also, if you are leaving out diagrams or designs for the addendum, ensure you add this phrase “For more detail, visit the addendum Page #.”

Your product and service section in your business plan should include the following:

• A detailed explanation that clearly shows how your product or service works.
• The pricing model for your product or service.
• Your business’ sales and distribution strategy.
• The ideal customers that want your product or service.
• The benefits of your products and services.
• Reason(s) why your product or service is a better alternative to what your competitors are currently offering in the market.
• Plans for filling the orders you receive
• If you have current or pending patents, copyrights, and trademarks for your product or service, you can also discuss them in this section.

What to Focus On When Describing the Benefits, Lifecycle, and Production Process of Your Products or Services

In the products and services section, you have to distill the benefits, lifecycle, and production process of your products and services.

When describing the benefits of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Unique features
• Translating the unique features into benefits
• The emotional, psychological, and practical payoffs to attract customers
• Intellectual property rights or any patents

When describing the product life cycle of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Upsells, cross-sells, and down-sells
• Time between purchases
• Plans for research and development.

When describing the production process for your products or services, you need to think about the following:

• The creation of new or existing products and services.
• The sources for the raw materials or components you need for production.
• Assembling the products
• Maintaining quality control
• Supply-chain logistics (receiving the raw materials and delivering the finished products)
• The day-to-day management of the production processes, bookkeeping, and inventory.

Tips for Writing the Products or Services Section of Your Business Plan

1. Avoid Technical Descriptions and Industry Buzzwords

The products and services section of your business plan should clearly describe the products and services that your company provides. However, it is not a section to include technical jargons that anyone outside your industry will not understand.

A good practice is to remove highly detailed or technical descriptions in favor of simple terms. Industry buzzwords are not necessary, if there are simpler terms you can use, then use them. If you plan to use your business plan to source funds, making the product or service section so technical will do you no favors.

2. Describe How Your Products or Services Differ from Your Competitors

When potential investors look at your business plan, they want to know how the products and services you are offering differ from that of your competition. Differentiating your products or services from your competition in a way that makes your solution more attractive is critical.

If you are going the innovative path and there is no market currently for your product or service, you need to describe in this section why the market needs your product or service.

For example, overnight delivery was a niche business that only a few companies were participating in. Federal Express (FedEx) had to show in its business plan that there was a large opportunity for that service and they justified why the market needed that service.

3. Long or Short Products or Services Section

Should your products or services section be short? Does the long products or services section attract more investors?

There are no straightforward answers to these questions. Whether your products or services section should be long or relatively short depends on the nature of your business.

If your business is product-focused, then automatically you need to use more space to describe the details of your products. However, if the product your business sells is a commodity item that relies on competitive pricing or other pricing strategies, you do not have to use up so much space to provide significant details about the product.

Likewise, if you are selling a commodity that is available in numerous outlets, then you do not have to spend time on writing a long products or services section.

The key to the success of your business is most likely the effectiveness of your marketing strategies compared to your competitors. Use more space to address that section.

If you are creating a new product or service that the market does not know about, your products or services section can be lengthy. The reason why is because you need to explain everything about the product or service such as the nature of the product, its use case, and values.

A short products or services section for an innovative product or service will not give the readers enough information to properly evaluate your business.

4. Describe Your Relationships with Vendors or Suppliers

Your business will rely on vendors or suppliers to supply raw materials or the components needed to make your products. In your products and services section, describe your relationships with your vendors and suppliers fully.

Avoid the mistake of relying on only one supplier or vendor. If that supplier or vendor fails to supply or goes out of business, you can easily face supply problems and struggle to meet your demands. Plan to set up multiple vendor or supplier relationships for better business stability.

5. Your Primary Goal Is to Convince Your Readers

The primary goal of your business plan is to convince your readers that your business is viable and to create a guide for your business to follow. It applies to the products and services section.

When drafting this section, think like the reader. See your reader as someone who has no idea about your products and services. You are using the products and services section to provide the needed information to help your reader understand your products and services. As a result, you have to be clear and to the point.

While you want to educate your readers about your products or services, you also do not want to bore them with lots of technical details. Show your products and services and not your fancy choice of words.

Your products and services section should provide the answer to the “what” question for your business. You and your management team may run the business, but it is your products and services that are the lifeblood of the business.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing your Products and Services Section

Answering these questions can help you write your products and services section quickly and in a way that will appeal to your readers.

• Are your products existing on the market or are they still in the development stage?
• What is your timeline for adding new products and services to the market?
• What are the positives that make your products and services different from your competitors?
• Do your products and services have any competitive advantage that your competitors’ products and services do not currently have?
• Do your products or services have any competitive disadvantages that you need to overcome to compete with your competitors? If your answer is yes, state how you plan to overcome them,
• How much does it cost to produce your products or services? How much do you plan to sell it for?
• What is the price for your products and services compared to your competitors? Is pricing an issue?
• What are your operating costs and will it be low enough for you to compete with your competitors and still take home a reasonable profit margin?
• What is your plan for acquiring your products? Are you involved in the production of your products or services?
• Are you the manufacturer and produce all the components you need to create your products? Do you assemble your products by using components supplied by other manufacturers? Do you purchase your products directly from suppliers or wholesalers?
• Do you have a steady supply of products that you need to start your business? (If your business is yet to kick-off)
• How do you plan to distribute your products or services to the market?

You can also hint at the marketing or promotion plans you have for your products or services such as how you plan to build awareness or retain customers. The next section is where you can go fully into details about your business’s marketing and sales plan.

6. Show and Explain Your Marketing and Sales Plan

Providing great products and services is wonderful, but it means nothing if you do not have a marketing and sales plan to inform your customers about them. Your marketing and sales plan is critical to the success of your business.

The sales and marketing section is where you show and offer a detailed explanation of your marketing and sales plan and how you plan to execute it. It covers your pricing plan, proposed advertising and promotion activities, activities and partnerships you need to make your business a success, and the benefits of your products and services.

There are several ways you can approach your marketing and sales strategy. Ideally, your marketing and sales strategy has to fit the unique needs of your business.

In this section, you describe how the plans your business has for attracting and retaining customers, and the exact process for making a sale happen. It is essential to thoroughly describe your complete marketing and sales plans because you are still going to reference this section when you are making financial projections for your business.

Outline Your Business’ Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

The sales and marketing section is where you outline your business’s unique selling proposition (USP). When you are developing your unique selling proposition, think about the strongest reasons why people should buy from you over your competition. That reason(s) is most likely a good fit to serve as your unique selling proposition (USP).

Target Market and Target Audience

Plans on how to get your products or services to your target market and how to get your target audience to buy them go into this section. You also highlight the strengths of your business here, particularly what sets them apart from your competition.

Before you start writing your marketing and sales plan, you need to have properly defined your target audience and fleshed out your buyer persona. If you do not first understand the individual you are marketing to, your marketing and sales plan will lack any substance and easily fall.

Creating a Smart Marketing and Sales Plan

Marketing your products and services is an investment that requires you to spend money. Like any other investment, you have to generate a good return on investment (ROI) to justify using that marketing and sales plan. Good marketing and sales plans bring in high sales and profits to your company.

Avoid spending money on unproductive marketing channels. Do your research and find out the best marketing and sales plan that works best for your company.

Your marketing and sales plan can be broken into different parts: your positioning statement, pricing, promotion, packaging, advertising, public relations, content marketing, social media, and strategic alliances.

Your Positioning Statement

Your positioning statement is the first part of your marketing and sales plan. It refers to the way you present your company to your customers.

Are you the premium solution, the low-price solution, or are you the intermediary between the two extremes in the market? What do you offer that your competitors do not that can give you leverage in the market?

Before you start writing your positioning statement, you need to spend some time evaluating the current market conditions. Here are some questions that can help you to evaluate the market

• What are the unique features or benefits that you offer that your competitors lack?
• What are your customers’ primary needs and wants?
• Why should a customer choose you over your competition? How do you plan to differentiate yourself from the competition?
• How does your company’s solution compare with other solutions in the market?

After answering these questions, then you can start writing your positioning statement. Your positioning statement does not have to be in-depth or too long.

All you need to explain with your positioning statement are two focus areas. The first is the position of your company within the competitive landscape. The other focus area is the core value proposition that sets your company apart from other alternatives that your ideal customer might consider.

Here is a simple template you can use to develop a positioning statement.

For [description of target market] who [need of target market], [product or service] [how it meets the need]. Unlike [top competition], it [most essential distinguishing feature].

For example, let’s create the positioning statement for fictional accounting software and QuickBooks alternative , TBooks.

“For small business owners who need accounting services, TBooks is an accounting software that helps small businesses handle their small business bookkeeping basics quickly and easily. Unlike Wave, TBooks gives small businesses access to live sessions with top accountants.”

You can edit this positioning statement sample and fill it with your business details.

After writing your positioning statement, the next step is the pricing of your offerings. The overall positioning strategy you set in your positioning statement will often determine how you price your products or services.

Pricing is a powerful tool that sends a strong message to your customers. Failure to get your pricing strategy right can make or mar your business. If you are targeting a low-income audience, setting a premium price can result in low sales.

You can use pricing to communicate your positioning to your customers. For example, if you are offering a product at a premium price, you are sending a message to your customers that the product belongs to the premium category.

Basic Rules to Follow When Pricing Your Offering

Setting a price for your offering involves more than just putting a price tag on it. Deciding on the right pricing for your offering requires following some basic rules. They include covering your costs, primary and secondary profit center pricing, and matching the market rate.

• Covering Your Costs: The price you set for your products or service should be more than it costs you to produce and deliver them. Every business has the same goal, to make a profit. Depending on the strategy you want to use, there are exceptions to this rule. However, the vast majority of businesses follow this rule.
• Primary and Secondary Profit Center Pricing: When a company sets its price above the cost of production, it is making that product its primary profit center. A company can also decide not to make its initial price its primary profit center by selling below or at even with its production cost. It rather depends on the support product or even maintenance that is associated with the initial purchase to make its profit. The initial price thus became its secondary profit center.
• Matching the Market Rate: A good rule to follow when pricing your products or services is to match your pricing with consumer demand and expectations. If you price your products or services beyond the price your customer perceives as the ideal price range, you may end up with no customers. Pricing your products too low below what your customer perceives as the ideal price range may lead to them undervaluing your offering.

Pricing Strategy

Your pricing strategy influences the price of your offering. There are several pricing strategies available for you to choose from when examining the right pricing strategy for your business. They include cost-plus pricing, market-based pricing, value pricing, and more.

• Cost-plus Pricing: This strategy is one of the simplest and oldest pricing strategies. Here you consider the cost of producing a unit of your product and then add a profit to it to arrive at your market price. It is an effective pricing strategy for manufacturers because it helps them cover their initial costs. Another name for the cost-plus pricing strategy is the markup pricing strategy.
• Market-based Pricing: This pricing strategy analyses the market including competitors’ pricing and then sets a price based on what the market is expecting. With this pricing strategy, you can either set your price at the low-end or high-end of the market.
• Value Pricing: This pricing strategy involves setting a price based on the value you are providing to your customer. When adopting a value-based pricing strategy, you have to set a price that your customers are willing to pay. Service-based businesses such as small business insurance providers , luxury goods sellers, and the fashion industry use this pricing strategy.

After carefully sorting out your positioning statement and pricing, the next item to look at is your promotional strategy. Your promotional strategy explains how you plan on communicating with your customers and prospects.

As a business, you must measure all your costs, including the cost of your promotions. You also want to measure how much sales your promotions bring for your business to determine its usefulness. Promotional strategies or programs that do not lead to profit need to be removed.

There are different types of promotional strategies you can adopt for your business, they include advertising, public relations, and content marketing.

Advertising

Your business plan should include your advertising plan which can be found in the marketing and sales plan section. You need to include an overview of your advertising plans such as the areas you plan to spend money on to advertise your business and offers.

Ensure that you make it clear in this section if your business will be advertising online or using the more traditional offline media, or the combination of both online and offline media. You can also include the advertising medium you want to use to raise awareness about your business and offers.

Some common online advertising mediums you can use include social media ads, landing pages, sales pages, SEO, Pay-Per-Click, emails, Google Ads, and others. Some common traditional and offline advertising mediums include word of mouth, radios, direct mail, televisions, flyers, billboards, posters, and others.

A key component of your advertising strategy is how you plan to measure the effectiveness and success of your advertising campaign. There is no point in sticking with an advertising plan or medium that does not produce results for your business in the long run.

Public Relations

A great way to reach your customers is to get the media to cover your business or product. Publicity, especially good ones, should be a part of your marketing and sales plan. In this section, show your plans for getting prominent reviews of your product from reputable publications and sources.

Your business needs that exposure to grow. If public relations is a crucial part of your promotional strategy, provide details about your public relations plan here.

Content Marketing

Content marketing is a popular promotional strategy used by businesses to inform and attract their customers. It is about teaching and educating your prospects on various topics of interest in your niche, it does not just involve informing them about the benefits and features of the products and services you have,

Businesses publish content usually for free where they provide useful information, tips, and advice so that their target market can be made aware of the importance of their products and services. Content marketing strategies seek to nurture prospects into buyers over time by simply providing value.

Your company can create a blog where it will be publishing content for its target market. You will need to use the best website builder such as Wix and Squarespace and the best web hosting services such as Bluehost, Hostinger, and other Bluehost alternatives to create a functional blog or website.

If content marketing is a crucial part of your promotional strategy (as it should be), detail your plans under promotions.

Including high-quality images of the packaging of your product in your business plan is a lovely idea. You can add the images of the packaging of that product in the marketing and sales plan section. If you are not selling a product, then you do not need to include any worry about the physical packaging of your product.

When organizing the packaging section of your business plan, you can answer the following questions to make maximum use of this section.

• Is your choice of packaging consistent with your positioning strategy?
• What key value proposition does your packaging communicate? (It should reflect the key value proposition of your business)
• How does your packaging compare to that of your competitors?

Social Media

Your 21st-century business needs to have a good social media presence. Not having one is leaving out opportunities for growth and reaching out to your prospect.

You do not have to join the thousands of social media platforms out there. What you need to do is join the ones that your customers are active on and be active there.

Businesses use social media to provide information about their products such as promotions, discounts, the benefits of their products, and content on their blogs.

Social media is also a platform for engaging with your customers and getting feedback about your products or services. Make no mistake, more and more of your prospects are using social media channels to find more information about companies.

You need to consider the social media channels you want to prioritize your business (prioritize the ones your customers are active in) and your branding plans in this section.

Strategic Alliances

If your company plans to work closely with other companies as part of your sales and marketing plan, include it in this section. Prove details about those partnerships in your business plan if you have already established them.

Strategic alliances can be beneficial for all parties involved including your company. Working closely with another company in the form of a partnership can provide access to a different target market segment for your company.

The company you are partnering with may also gain access to your target market or simply offer a new product or service (that of your company) to its customers.

Mutually beneficial partnerships can cover the weaknesses of one company with the strength of another. You should consider strategic alliances with companies that sell complimentary products to yours. For example, if you provide printers, you can partner with a company that produces ink since the customers that buy printers from you will also need inks for printing.

Steps Involved in Creating a Marketing and Sales Plan

1. Focus on Your Target Market

Identify who your customers are, the market you want to target. Then determine the best ways to get your products or services to your potential customers.

2. Evaluate Your Competition

One of the goals of having a marketing plan is to distinguish yourself from your competition. You cannot stand out from them without first knowing them in and out.

You can know your competitors by gathering information about their products, pricing, service, and advertising campaigns.

These questions can help you know your competition.

• What makes your competition successful?
• What are their weaknesses?
• What are customers saying about your competition?

3. Consider Your Brand

Customers' perception of your brand has a strong impact on your sales. Your marketing and sales plan should seek to bolster the image of your brand. Before you start marketing your business, think about the message you want to pass across about your business and your products and services.

4. Focus on Benefits

The majority of your customers do not view your product in terms of features, what they want to know is the benefits and solutions your product offers. Think about the problems your product solves and the benefits it delivers, and use it to create the right sales and marketing message.

Your marketing plan should focus on what you want your customer to get instead of what you provide. Identify those benefits in your marketing and sales plan.

5. Focus on Differentiation

Your marketing and sales plan should look for a unique angle they can take that differentiates your business from the competition, even if the products offered are similar. Some good areas of differentiation you can use are your benefits, pricing, and features.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing Your Marketing and Sales Plan

• What is your company’s budget for sales and marketing campaigns?
• What key metrics will you use to determine if your marketing plans are successful?
• What are your alternatives if your initial marketing efforts do not succeed?
• Who are the sales representatives you need to promote your products or services?
• What are the marketing and sales channels you plan to use? How do you plan to get your products in front of your ideal customers?
• Where will you sell your products?

You may want to include samples of marketing materials you plan to use such as print ads, website descriptions, and social media ads. While it is not compulsory to include these samples, it can help you better communicate your marketing and sales plan and objectives.

The purpose of the marketing and sales section is to answer this question “How will you reach your customers?” If you cannot convincingly provide an answer to this question, you need to rework your marketing and sales section.

7. Clearly Show Your Funding Request

If you are writing your business plan to ask for funding from investors or financial institutions, the funding request section is where you will outline your funding requirements. The funding request section should answer the question ‘How much money will your business need in the near future (3 to 5 years)?’

A good funding request section will clearly outline and explain the amount of funding your business needs over the next five years. You need to know the amount of money your business needs to make an accurate funding request.

Also, when writing your funding request, provide details of how the funds will be used over the period. Specify if you want to use the funds to buy raw materials or machinery, pay salaries, pay for advertisements, and cover specific bills such as rent and electricity.

In addition to explaining what you want to use the funds requested for, you need to clearly state the projected return on investment (ROI) . Investors and creditors want to know if your business can generate profit for them if they put funds into it.

Ensure you do not inflate the figures and stay as realistic as possible. Investors and financial institutions you are seeking funds from will do their research before investing money in your business.

If you are not sure of an exact number to request from, you can use some range of numbers as rough estimates. Add a best-case scenario and a work-case scenario to your funding request. Also, include a description of your strategic future financial plans such as selling your business or paying off debts.

Funding Request: Debt or Equity?

When making your funding request, specify the type of funding you want. Do you want debt or equity? Draw out the terms that will be applicable for the funding, and the length of time the funding request will cover.

Case for Equity

If your new business has not yet started generating profits, you are most likely preparing to sell equity in your business to raise capital at the early stage. Equity here refers to ownership. In this case, you are selling a portion of your company to raise capital.

Although this method of raising capital for your business does not put your business in debt, keep in mind that an equity owner may expect to play a key role in company decisions even if he does not hold a major stake in the company.

Most equity sales for startups are usually private transactions . If you are making a funding request by offering equity in exchange for funding, let the investor know that they will be paid a dividend (a share of the company’s profit). Also, let the investor know the process for selling their equity in your business.

Case for Debt

You may decide not to offer equity in exchange for funds, instead, you make a funding request with the promise to pay back the money borrowed at the agreed time frame.

When making a funding request with an agreement to pay back, note that you will have to repay your creditors both the principal amount borrowed and the interest on it. Financial institutions offer this type of funding for businesses.

Large companies combine both equity and debt in their capital structure. When drafting your business plan, decide if you want to offer both or one over the other.

Before you sell equity in exchange for funding in your business, consider if you are willing to accept not being in total control of your business. Also, before you seek loans in your funding request section, ensure that the terms of repayment are favorable.

You should set a clear timeline in your funding request so that potential investors and creditors can know what you are expecting. Some investors and creditors may agree to your funding request and then delay payment for longer than 30 days, meanwhile, your business needs an immediate cash injection to operate efficiently.

Additional Tips for Writing the Funding Request Section of your Business Plan

The funding request section is not necessary for every business, it is only needed by businesses who plan to use their business plan to secure funding.

If you are adding the funding request section to your business plan, provide an itemized summary of how you plan to use the funds requested. Hiring a lawyer, accountant, or other professionals may be necessary for the proper development of this section.

You should also gather and use financial statements that add credibility and support to your funding requests. Ensure that the financial statements you use should include your projected financial data such as projected cash flows, forecast statements, and expenditure budgets.

If you are an existing business, include all historical financial statements such as cash flow statements, balance sheets and income statements .

Provide monthly and quarterly financial statements for a year. If your business has records that date back beyond the one-year mark, add the yearly statements of those years. These documents are for the appendix section of your business plan.

8. Detail Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projections

If you used the funding request section in your business plan, supplement it with a financial plan, metrics, and projections. This section paints a picture of the past performance of your business and then goes ahead to make an informed projection about its future.

The goal of this section is to convince readers that your business is going to be a financial success. It outlines your business plan to generate enough profit to repay the loan (with interest if applicable) and to generate a decent return on investment for investors.

If you have an existing business already in operation, use this section to demonstrate stability through finance. This section should include your cash flow statements, balance sheets, and income statements covering the last three to five years. If your business has some acceptable collateral that you can use to acquire loans, list it in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

Apart from current financial statements, this section should also contain a prospective financial outlook that spans the next five years. Include forecasted income statements, cash flow statements, balance sheets, and capital expenditure budget.

If your business is new and is not yet generating profit, use clear and realistic projections to show the potentials of your business.

When drafting this section, research industry norms and the performance of comparable businesses. Your financial projections should cover at least five years. State the logic behind your financial projections. Remember you can always make adjustments to this section as the variables change.

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section create a baseline which your business can either exceed or fail to reach. If your business fails to reach your projections in this section, you need to understand why it failed.

Investors and loan managers spend a lot of time going through the financial plan, metrics, and projection section compared to other parts of the business plan. Ensure you spend time creating credible financial analyses for your business in this section.

Many entrepreneurs find this section daunting to write. You do not need a business degree to create a solid financial forecast for your business. Business finances, especially for startups, are not as complicated as they seem. There are several online tools and templates that make writing this section so much easier.

Use Graphs and Charts

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section is a great place to use graphs and charts to tell the financial story of your business. Charts and images make it easier to communicate your finances.

Accuracy in this section is key, ensure you carefully analyze your past financial statements properly before making financial projects.

Address the Risk Factors and Show Realistic Financial Projections

Keep your financial plan, metrics, and projection realistic. It is okay to be optimistic in your financial projection, however, you have to justify it.

You should also address the various risk factors associated with your business in this section. Investors want to know the potential risks involved, show them. You should also show your plans for mitigating those risks.

What You Should In The Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection Section of Your Business Plan

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section of your business plan should have monthly sales and revenue forecasts for the first year. It should also include annual projections that cover 3 to 5 years.

A three-year projection is a basic requirement to have in your business plan. However, some investors may request a five-year forecast.

Your business plan should include the following financial statements: sales forecast, personnel plan, income statement, income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, and an exit strategy.

1. Sales Forecast

Sales forecast refers to your projections about the number of sales your business is going to record over the next few years. It is typically broken into several rows, with each row assigned to a core product or service that your business is offering.

One common mistake people make in their business plan is to break down the sales forecast section into long details. A sales forecast should forecast the high-level details.

For example, if you are forecasting sales for a payroll software provider, you could break down your forecast into target market segments or subscription categories.

Your sales forecast section should also have a corresponding row for each sales row to cover the direct cost or Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). The objective of these rows is to show the expenses that your business incurs in making and delivering your product or service.

Note that your Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) should only cover those direct costs incurred when making your products. Other indirect expenses such as insurance, salaries, payroll tax, and rent should not be included.

For example, the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) for a restaurant is the cost of ingredients while for a consulting company it will be the cost of paper and other presentation materials.

2. Personnel Plan

The personnel plan section is where you provide details about the payment plan for your employees. For a small business, you can easily list every position in your company and how much you plan to pay in the personnel plan.

However, for larger businesses, you have to break the personnel plan into functional groups such as sales and marketing.

The personnel plan will also include the cost of an employee beyond salary, commonly referred to as the employee burden. These costs include insurance, payroll taxes , and other essential costs incurred monthly as a result of having employees on your payroll.

3. Income Statement

The income statement section shows if your business is making a profit or taking a loss. Another name for the income statement is the profit and loss (P&L). It takes data from your sales forecast and personnel plan and adds other ongoing expenses you incur while running your business.

Every business plan should have an income statement. It subtracts your business expenses from its earnings to show if your business is generating profit or incurring losses.

The income statement has the following items: sales, Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), gross margin, operating expenses, total operating expenses, operating income , total expenses, and net profit.

• Sales refer to the revenue your business generates from selling its products or services. Other names for sales are income or revenue.
• Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) refers to the total cost of selling your products. Other names for COGS are direct costs or cost of sales. Manufacturing businesses use the Costs of Goods Manufactured (COGM) .
• Gross Margin is the figure you get when you subtract your COGS from your sales. In your income statement, you can express it as a percentage of total sales (Gross margin / Sales = Gross Margin Percent).
• Operating Expenses refer to all the expenses you incur from running your business. It exempts the COGS because it stands alone as a core part of your income statement. You also have to exclude taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Your operating expenses include salaries, marketing expenses, research and development (R&D) expenses, and other expenses.
• Total Operating Expenses refers to the sum of all your operating expenses including those exemptions named above under operating expenses.
• Operating Income refers to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. It is simply known as the acronym EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization). Calculating your operating income is simple, all you need to do is to subtract your COGS and total operating expenses from your sales.
• Total Expenses refer to the sum of your operating expenses and your business’ interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
• Net profit shows whether your business has made a profit or taken a loss during a given timeframe.

4. Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement tracks the money you have in the bank at any given point. It is often confused with the income statement or the profit and loss statement. They are both different types of financial statements. The income statement calculates your profits and losses while the cash flow statement shows you how much you have in the bank.

5. Balance Sheet

The balance sheet is a financial statement that provides an overview of the financial health of your business. It contains information about the assets and liabilities of your company, and owner’s or shareholders’ equity.

You can get the net worth of your company by subtracting your company’s liabilities from its assets.

6. Exit Strategy

The exit strategy refers to a probable plan for selling your business either to the public in an IPO or to another company. It is the last thing you include in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

You can choose to omit the exit strategy from your business plan if you plan to maintain full ownership of your business and do not plan on seeking angel investment or virtual capitalist (VC) funding.

Investors may want to know what your exit plan is. They invest in your business to get a good return on investment.

Your exit strategy does not have to include long and boring details. Ensure you identify some interested parties who may be interested in buying the company if it becomes a success.

Key Questions to Answer with Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection

Your financial plan, metrics, and projection section helps investors, creditors, or your internal managers to understand what your expenses are, the amount of cash you need, and what it takes to make your company profitable. It also shows what you will be doing with any funding.

You do not need to show actual financial data if you do not have one. Adding forecasts and projections to your financial statements is added proof that your strategy is feasible and shows investors you have planned properly.

Here are some key questions to answer to help you develop this section.

• What is your sales forecast for the next year?
• When will your company achieve a positive cash flow?
• What are the core expenses you need to operate?
• How much money do you need upfront to operate or grow your company?
• How will you use the loans or investments?

9. Add an Appendix to Your Business Plan

Adding an appendix to your business plan is optional. It is a useful place to put any charts, tables, legal notes, definitions, permits, résumés, and other critical information that do not fit into other sections of your business plan.

The appendix section is where you would want to include details of a patent or patent-pending if you have one. You can always add illustrations or images of your products here. It is the last section of your business plan.

When writing your business plan, there are details you cut short or remove to prevent the entire section from becoming too lengthy. There are also details you want to include in the business plan but are not a good fit for any of the previous sections. You can add that additional information to the appendix section.

Businesses also use the appendix section to include supporting documents or other materials specially requested by investors or lenders.

You can include just about any information that supports the assumptions and statements you made in the business plan under the appendix. It is the one place in the business plan where unrelated data and information can coexist amicably.

If your appendix section is lengthy, try organizing it by adding a table of contents at the beginning of the appendix section. It is also advisable to group similar information to make it easier for the reader to access them.

A well-organized appendix section makes it easier to share your information clearly and concisely. Add footnotes throughout the rest of the business plan or make references in the plan to the documents in the appendix.

The appendix section is usually only necessary if you are seeking funding from investors or lenders, or hoping to attract partners.

People reading business plans do not want to spend time going through a heap of backup information, numbers, and charts. Keep these documents or information in the Appendix section in case the reader wants to dig deeper.

Common Items to Include in the Appendix Section of Your Business Plan

The appendix section includes documents that supplement or support the information or claims given in other sections of the business plans. Common items you can include in the appendix section include:

• Additional data about the process of manufacturing or creation
• Additional description of products or services such as product schematics
• Additional financial documents or projections
• Articles of incorporation and status
• Backup for market research or competitive analysis
• Bank statements
• Business registries
• Client testimonials (if your business is already running)
• Copies of insurances
• Credit histories (personal or/and business)
• Deeds and permits
• Equipment leases
• Examples of marketing and advertising collateral
• Industry associations and memberships
• Images of product
• Intellectual property
• Key customer contracts
• Legal documents and other contracts
• Letters of reference
• Links to references
• Market research data
• Organizational charts
• Photographs of potential facilities
• Professional licenses pertaining to your legal structure or type of business
• Purchase orders
• Resumes of the founder(s) and key managers
• State and federal identification numbers or codes
• Trademarks or patents’ registrations

Avoid using the appendix section as a place to dump any document or information you feel like adding. Only add documents or information that you support or increase the credibility of your business plan.

Tips and Strategies for Writing a Convincing Business Plan

To achieve a perfect business plan, you need to consider some key tips and strategies. These tips will raise the efficiency of your business plan above average.

1. Know Your Audience

When writing a business plan, you need to know your audience . Business owners write business plans for different reasons. Your business plan has to be specific. For example, you can write business plans to potential investors, banks, and even fellow board members of the company.

The audience you are writing to determines the structure of the business plan. As a business owner, you have to know your audience. Not everyone will be your audience. Knowing your audience will help you to narrow the scope of your business plan.

Consider what your audience wants to see in your projects, the likely questions they might ask, and what interests them.

• A business plan used to address a company's board members will center on its employment schemes, internal affairs, projects, stakeholders, etc.
• A business plan for financial institutions will talk about the size of your market and the chances for you to pay back any loans you demand.
• A business plan for investors will show proof that you can return the investment capital within a specific time. In addition, it discusses your financial projections, tractions, and market size.

2. Get Inspiration from People

Writing a business plan from scratch as an entrepreneur can be daunting. That is why you need the right inspiration to push you to write one. You can gain inspiration from the successful business plans of other businesses. Look at their business plans, the style they use, the structure of the project, etc.

To make your business plan easier to create, search companies related to your business to get an exact copy of what you need to create an effective business plan. You can also make references while citing examples in your business plans.

When drafting your business plan, get as much help from others as you possibly can. By getting inspiration from people, you can create something better than what they have.

3. Avoid Being Over Optimistic

Many business owners make use of strong adjectives to qualify their content. One of the big mistakes entrepreneurs make when preparing a business plan is promising too much.

The use of superlatives and over-optimistic claims can prepare the audience for more than you can offer. In the end, you disappoint the confidence they have in you.

In most cases, the best option is to be realistic with your claims and statistics. Most of the investors can sense a bit of incompetency from the overuse of superlatives. As a new entrepreneur, do not be tempted to over-promise to get the interests of investors.

The concept of entrepreneurship centers on risks, nothing is certain when you make future analyses. What separates the best is the ability to do careful research and work towards achieving that, not promising more than you can achieve.

To make an excellent first impression as an entrepreneur, replace superlatives with compelling data-driven content. In this way, you are more specific than someone promising a huge ROI from an investment.

4. Keep it Simple and Short

When writing business plans, ensure you keep them simple throughout. Irrespective of the purpose of the business plan, your goal is to convince the audience.

One way to achieve this goal is to make them understand your proposal. Therefore, it would be best if you avoid the use of complex grammar to express yourself. It would be a huge turn-off if the people you want to convince are not familiar with your use of words.

Another thing to note is the length of your business plan. It would be best if you made it as brief as possible.

You hardly see investors or agencies that read through an extremely long document. In that case, if your first few pages can’t convince them, then you have lost it. The more pages you write, the higher the chances of you derailing from the essential contents.

To ensure your business plan has a high conversion rate, you need to dispose of every unnecessary information. For example, if you have a strategy that you are not sure of, it would be best to leave it out of the plan.

5. Make an Outline and Follow Through

A perfect business plan must have touched every part needed to convince the audience. Business owners get easily tempted to concentrate more on their products than on other sections. Doing this can be detrimental to the efficiency of the business plan.

For example, imagine you talking about a product but omitting or providing very little information about the target audience. You will leave your clients confused.

To ensure that your business plan communicates your full business model to readers, you have to input all the necessary information in it. One of the best ways to achieve this is to design a structure and stick to it.

This structure is what guides you throughout the writing. To make your work easier, you can assign an estimated word count or page limit to every section to avoid making it too bulky for easy reading. As a guide, the necessary things your business plan must contain are:

• Table of contents
• Introduction
• Product or service description
• Target audience
• Market size
• Competition analysis
• Financial projections

Some specific businesses can include some other essential sections, but these are the key sections that must be in every business plan.

6. Ask a Professional to Proofread

When writing a business plan, you must tie all loose ends to get a perfect result. When you are done with writing, call a professional to go through the document for you. You are bound to make mistakes, and the way to correct them is to get external help.

You should get a professional in your field who can relate to every section of your business plan. It would be easier for the professional to notice the inner flaws in the document than an editor with no knowledge of your business.

In addition to getting a professional to proofread, get an editor to proofread and edit your document. The editor will help you identify grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inappropriate writing styles.

Writing a business plan can be daunting, but you can surmount that obstacle and get the best out of it with these tips.

Business Plan Examples and Templates That’ll Save You Tons of Time

1. hubspot's one-page business plan.

The one-page business plan template by HubSpot is the perfect guide for businesses of any size, irrespective of their business strategy. Although the template is condensed into a page, your final business plan should not be a page long! The template is designed to ask helpful questions that can help you develop your business plan.

Hubspot’s one-page business plan template is divided into nine fields:

• Business opportunity
• Company description
• Industry analysis
• Target market
• Implementation timeline
• Marketing plan
• Financial summary
• Funding required

2. Bplan’s Free Business Plan Template

Bplans' free business plan template is investor-approved. It is a rich template used by prestigious educational institutions such as Babson College and Princeton University to teach entrepreneurs how to create a business plan.

The template has six sections: the executive summary, opportunity, execution, company, financial plan, and appendix. There is a step-by-step guide for writing every little detail in the business plan. Follow the instructions each step of the way and you will create a business plan that impresses investors or lenders easily.

3. HubSpot's Downloadable Business Plan Template

HubSpot’s downloadable business plan template is a more comprehensive option compared to the one-page business template by HubSpot. This free and downloadable business plan template is designed for entrepreneurs.

The template is a comprehensive guide and checklist for business owners just starting their businesses. It tells you everything you need to fill in each section of the business plan and how to do it.

There are nine sections in this business plan template: an executive summary, company and business description, product and services line, market analysis, marketing plan, sales plan, legal notes, financial considerations, and appendix.

4. Business Plan by My Own Business Institute

My Own Business Institute (MOBI) which is a part of Santa Clara University's Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship offers a free business plan template. You can either copy the free business template from the link provided above or download it as a Word document.

The comprehensive template consists of a whopping 15 sections.

• The Business Profile
• The Vision and the People
• Home-Based Business and Freelance Business Opportunities
• Organization
• Licenses and Permits
• Business Insurance
• Communication Tools
• Acquisitions
• Location and Leasing
• Accounting and Cash Flow
• Opening and Marketing
• Managing Employees
• Expanding and Handling Problems

There are lots of helpful tips on how to fill each section in the free business plan template by MOBI.

5. Score's Business Plan Template for Startups

Score is an American nonprofit organization that helps entrepreneurs build successful companies. This business plan template for startups by Score is available for free download. The business plan template asks a whooping 150 generic questions that help entrepreneurs from different fields to set up the perfect business plan.

The business plan template for startups contains clear instructions and worksheets, all you have to do is answer the questions and fill the worksheets.

There are nine sections in the business plan template: executive summary, company description, products and services, marketing plan, operational plan, management and organization, startup expenses and capitalization, financial plan, and appendices.

The ‘refining the plan’ resource contains instructions that help you modify your business plan to suit your specific needs, industry, and target audience. After you have completed Score’s business plan template, you can work with a SCORE mentor for expert advice in business planning.

6. Minimalist Architecture Business Plan Template by Venngage

The minimalist architecture business plan template is a simple template by Venngage that you can customize to suit your business needs .

There are five sections in the template: an executive summary, statement of problem, approach and methodology, qualifications, and schedule and benchmark. The business plan template has instructions that guide users on what to fill in each section.

7. Small Business Administration Free Business Plan Template

The Small Business Administration (SBA) offers two free business plan templates, filled with practical real-life examples that you can model to create your business plan. Both free business plan templates are written by fictional business owners: Rebecca who owns a consulting firm, and Andrew who owns a toy company.

There are five sections in the two SBA’s free business plan templates.

• Executive Summary
• Company Description
• Service Line
• Marketing and Sales

8. The $100 Startup's One-Page Business Plan

The one-page business plan by the $100 startup is a simple business plan template for entrepreneurs who do not want to create a long and complicated plan . You can include more details in the appendices for funders who want more information beyond what you can put in the one-page business plan.

There are five sections in the one-page business plan such as overview, ka-ching, hustling, success, and obstacles or challenges or open questions. You can answer all the questions using one or two sentences.

9. PandaDoc’s Free Business Plan Template

The free business plan template by PandaDoc is a comprehensive 15-page document that describes the information you should include in every section.

There are 11 sections in PandaDoc’s free business plan template.

• Executive summary
• Business description
• Products and services
• Operations plan
• Management organization
• Financial plan
• Conclusion / Call to action
• Confidentiality statement

You have to sign up for its 14-day free trial to access the template. You will find different business plan templates on PandaDoc once you sign up (including templates for general businesses and specific businesses such as bakeries, startups, restaurants, salons, hotels, and coffee shops)

PandaDoc allows you to customize its business plan templates to fit the needs of your business. After editing the template, you can send it to interested parties and track opens and views through PandaDoc.

10. Invoiceberry Templates for Word, Open Office, Excel, or PPT

InvoiceBerry is a U.K based online invoicing and tracking platform that offers free business plan templates in .docx, .odt, .xlsx, and .pptx formats for freelancers and small businesses.

Before you can download the free business plan template, it will ask you to give it your email address. After you complete the little task, it will send the download link to your inbox for you to download. It also provides a business plan checklist in .xlsx file format that ensures you add the right information to the business plan.

Alternatives to the Traditional Business Plan

A business plan is very important in mapping out how one expects their business to grow over a set number of years, particularly when they need external investment in their business. However, many investors do not have the time to watch you present your business plan. It is a long and boring read.

Luckily, there are three alternatives to the traditional business plan (the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck). These alternatives are less laborious and easier and quicker to present to investors.

Business Model Canvas (BMC)

The business model canvas is a business tool used to present all the important components of setting up a business, such as customers, route to market, value proposition, and finance in a single sheet. It provides a very focused blueprint that defines your business initially which you can later expand on if needed.

The sheet is divided mainly into company, industry, and consumer models that are interconnected in how they find problems and proffer solutions.

Segments of the Business Model Canvas

The business model canvas was developed by founder Alexander Osterwalder to answer important business questions. It contains nine segments.

• Key Partners: Who will be occupying important executive positions in your business? What do they bring to the table? Will there be a third party involved with the company?
• Key Activities: What important activities will production entail? What activities will be carried out to ensure the smooth running of the company?
• The Product’s Value Propositions: What does your product do? How will it be different from other products?
• Customer Segments: What demography of consumers are you targeting? What are the habits of these consumers? Who are the MVPs of your target consumers?
• Customer Relationships: How will the team support and work with its customer base? How do you intend to build and maintain trust with the customer?
• Key Resources: What type of personnel and tools will be needed? What size of the budget will they need access to?
• Channels: How do you plan to create awareness of your products? How do you intend to transport your product to the customer?
• Cost Structure: What is the estimated cost of production? How much will distribution cost?
• Revenue Streams: For what value are customers willing to pay? How do they prefer to pay for the product? Are there any external revenues attached apart from the main source? How do the revenue streams contribute to the overall revenue?

Lean Canvas

The lean canvas is a problem-oriented alternative to the standard business model canvas. It was proposed by Ash Maurya, creator of Lean Stack as a development of the business model generation. It uses a more problem-focused approach and it majorly targets entrepreneurs and startup businesses.

Lean Canvas uses the same 9 blocks concept as the business model canvas, however, they have been modified slightly to suit the needs and purpose of a small startup. The key partners, key activities, customer relationships, and key resources are replaced by new segments which are:

• Problem: Simple and straightforward number of problems you have identified, ideally three.
• Solution: The solutions to each problem.
• Unfair Advantage: Something you possess that can't be easily bought or replicated.
• Key Metrics: Important numbers that will tell how your business is doing.

Startup Pitch Deck

While the business model canvas compresses into a factual sheet, startup pitch decks expand flamboyantly.

Pitch decks, through slides, convey your business plan, often through graphs and images used to emphasize estimations and observations in your presentation. Entrepreneurs often use pitch decks to fully convince their target audience of their plans before discussing funding arrangements.

Considering the likelihood of it being used in a small time frame, a good startup pitch deck should ideally contain 20 slides or less to have enough time to answer questions from the audience.

Unlike the standard and lean business model canvases, a pitch deck doesn't have a set template on how to present your business plan but there are still important components to it. These components often mirror those of the business model canvas except that they are in slide form and contain more details.

Using Airbnb (one of the most successful start-ups in recent history) for reference, the important components of a good slide are listed below.

• Cover/Introduction Slide: Here, you should include your company's name and mission statement. Your mission statement should be a very catchy tagline. Also, include personal information and contact details to provide an easy link for potential investors.
• Problem Slide: This slide requires you to create a connection with the audience or the investor that you are pitching. For example in their pitch, Airbnb summarized the most important problems it would solve in three brief points – pricing of hotels, disconnection from city culture, and connection problems for local bookings.
• Solution Slide: This slide includes your core value proposition. List simple and direct solutions to the problems you have mentioned
• Customer Analysis: Here you will provide information on the customers you will be offering your service to. The identity of your customers plays an important part in fundraising as well as the long-run viability of the business.
• Market Validation: Use competitive analysis to show numbers that prove the presence of a market for your product, industry behavior in the present and the long run, as well as the percentage of the market you aim to attract. It shows that you understand your competitors and customers and convinces investors of the opportunities presented in the market.
• Business Model: Your business model is the hook of your presentation. It may vary in complexity but it should generally include a pricing system informed by your market analysis. The goal of the slide is to confirm your business model is easy to implement.
• Marketing Strategy: This slide should summarize a few customer acquisition methods that you plan to use to grow the business.
• Competitive Advantage: What this slide will do is provide information on what will set you apart and make you a more attractive option to customers. It could be the possession of technology that is not widely known in the market.
• Team Slide: Here you will give a brief description of your team. Include your key management personnel here and their specific roles in the company. Include their educational background, job history, and skillsets. Also, talk about their accomplishments in their careers so far to build investors' confidence in members of your team.
• Traction Slide: This validates the company’s business model by showing growth through early sales and support. The slide aims to reduce any lingering fears in potential investors by showing realistic periodic milestones and profit margins. It can include current sales, growth, valuable customers, pre-orders, or data from surveys outlining current consumer interest.
• Funding Slide: This slide is popularly referred to as ‘the ask'. Here you will include important details like how much is needed to get your business off the ground and how the funding will be spent to help the company reach its goals.
• Appendix Slides: Your pitch deck appendix should always be included alongside a standard pitch presentation. It consists of additional slides you could not show in the pitch deck but you need to complement your presentation.

It is important to support your calculations with pictorial renditions. Infographics, such as pie charts or bar graphs, will be more effective in presenting the information than just listing numbers. For example, a six-month graph that shows rising profit margins will easily look more impressive than merely writing it.

Lastly, since a pitch deck is primarily used to secure meetings and you may be sharing your pitch with several investors, it is advisable to keep a separate public version that doesn't include financials. Only disclose the one with projections once you have secured a link with an investor.

Advantages of the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck over the Traditional Business Plan

• Time-Saving: Writing a detailed traditional business plan could take weeks or months. On the other hand, all three alternatives can be done in a few days or even one night of brainstorming if you have a comprehensive understanding of your business.
• Easier to Understand: Since the information presented is almost entirely factual, it puts focus on what is most important in running the business. They cut away the excess pages of fillers in a traditional business plan and allow investors to see what is driving the business and what is getting in the way.
• Easy to Update: Businesses typically present their business plans to many potential investors before they secure funding. What this means is that you may regularly have to amend your presentation to update statistics or adjust to audience-specific needs. For a traditional business plan, this could mean rewriting a whole section of your plan. For the three alternatives, updating is much easier because they are not voluminous.
• Guide for a More In-depth Business Plan: All three alternatives have the added benefit of being able to double as a sketch of your business plan if the need to create one arises in the future.

Business Plan FAQ

Business plans are important for any entrepreneur who is looking for a framework to run their company over some time or seeking external support. Although they are essential for new businesses, every company should ideally have a business plan to track their growth from time to time.  They can be used by startups seeking investments or loans to convey their business ideas or an employee to convince his boss of the feasibility of starting a new project. They can also be used by companies seeking to recruit high-profile employee targets into key positions or trying to secure partnerships with other firms.

Business plans often vary depending on your target audience, the scope, and the goals for the plan. Startup plans are the most common among the different types of business plans.  A start-up plan is used by a new business to present all the necessary information to help get the business up and running. They are usually used by entrepreneurs who are seeking funding from investors or bank loans. The established company alternative to a start-up plan is a feasibility plan. A feasibility plan is often used by an established company looking for new business opportunities. They are used to show the upsides of creating a new product for a consumer base. Because the audience is usually company people, it requires less company analysis. The third type of business plan is the lean business plan. A lean business plan is a brief, straight-to-the-point breakdown of your ideas and analysis for your business. It does not contain details of your proposal and can be written on one page. Finally, you have the what-if plan. As it implies, a what-if plan is a preparation for the worst-case scenario. You must always be prepared for the possibility of your original plan being rejected. A good what-if plan will serve as a good plan B to the original.

A good business plan has 10 key components. They include an executive plan, product analysis, desired customer base, company analysis, industry analysis, marketing strategy, sales strategy, financial projection, funding, and appendix. Executive Plan Your business should begin with your executive plan. An executive plan will provide early insight into what you are planning to achieve with your business. It should include your mission statement and highlight some of the important points which you will explain later. Product Analysis The next component of your business plan is your product analysis. A key part of this section is explaining the type of item or service you are going to offer as well as the market problems your product will solve. Desired Consumer Base Your product analysis should be supplemented with a detailed breakdown of your desired consumer base. Investors are always interested in knowing the economic power of your market as well as potential MVP customers. Company Analysis The next component of your business plan is your company analysis. Here, you explain how you want to run your business. It will include your operational strategy, an insight into the workforce needed to keep the company running, and important executive positions. It will also provide a calculation of expected operational costs.  Industry Analysis A good business plan should also contain well laid out industry analysis. It is important to convince potential investors you know the companies you will be competing with, as well as your plans to gain an edge on the competition. Marketing Strategy Your business plan should also include your marketing strategy. This is how you intend to spread awareness of your product. It should include a detailed explanation of the company brand as well as your advertising methods. Sales Strategy Your sales strategy comes after the market strategy. Here you give an overview of your company's pricing strategy and how you aim to maximize profits. You can also explain how your prices will adapt to market behaviors. Financial Projection The financial projection is the next component of your business plan. It explains your company's expected running cost and revenue earned during the tenure of the business plan. Financial projection gives a clear idea of how your company will develop in the future. Funding The next component of your business plan is funding. You have to detail how much external investment you need to get your business idea off the ground here. Appendix The last component of your plan is the appendix. This is where you put licenses, graphs, or key information that does not fit in any of the other components.

The business model canvas is a business management tool used to quickly define your business idea and model. It is often used when investors need you to pitch your business idea during a brief window.

A pitch deck is similar to a business model canvas except that it makes use of slides in its presentation. A pitch is not primarily used to secure funding, rather its main purpose is to entice potential investors by selling a very optimistic outlook on the business.

Business plan competitions help you evaluate the strength of your business plan. By participating in business plan competitions, you are improving your experience. The experience provides you with a degree of validation while practicing important skills. The main motivation for entering into the competitions is often to secure funding by finishing in podium positions. There is also the chance that you may catch the eye of a casual observer outside of the competition. These competitions also provide good networking opportunities. You could meet mentors who will take a keen interest in guiding you in your business journey. You also have the opportunity to meet other entrepreneurs whose ideas can complement yours.

Exlore Further

• 12 Key Elements of a Business Plan (Top Components Explained)
• 13 Sources of Business Finance For Companies & Sole Traders
• 5 Common Types of Business Structures (+ Pros & Cons)
• How to Buy a Business in 8 Steps (+ Due Diligence Checklist)

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Martin luenendonk.

Martin loves entrepreneurship and has helped dozens of entrepreneurs by validating the business idea, finding scalable customer acquisition channels, and building a data-driven organization. During his time working in investment banking, tech startups, and industry-leading companies he gained extensive knowledge in using different software tools to optimize business processes.

This insights and his love for researching SaaS products enables him to provide in-depth, fact-based software reviews to enable software buyers make better decisions.

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How to Write a Business Plan: Beginner’s Guide (& Templates)

Written by: Chloe West

Thinking about starting a business? One of the first steps you’ll need to take is to write a business plan. A business plan can help guide you through your financial planning, marketing strategy, unique selling point and more.

Making sure you start your new business off on the right foot is key, and we’re here to help. We’ve put together this guide to help you write your first business plan. Or, you can skip the guide and dive right into a business plan template .

Ready to get started?

Here’s a short selection of 8 easy-to-edit business plan templates you can edit, share and download with Visme. View more templates below:

8-Step Process for Writing a Business Plan

What is a business plan, why is a business plan important, step #1: write your executive summary, step #2: put together your company description, step #3: conduct your market analysis, step #4: research your competition, step #5: outline your products or services, step #6: summarize your financial plan, step #7: determine your marketing strategy, step #8: showcase your organizational chart, 14 business plan templates to help you get started.

A business plan is a document that helps potential new business owners flesh out their business idea and put together a bird’s eye view of their business. Writing a business plan is an essential step in any startup’s ideation process.

Business plans help determine demographics, market analysis, competitive analysis, financial projections, new products or services, and so much more.

Each of these bits of information are important to have on hand when you’re trying to start a business or pitching investors for funds.

Here’s an example of a business plan that you can customize to incorporate your own business information.

We’re going to walk you through some of the most important parts of your business plan as well as how to write your own business plan in 8 easy steps.

If you’re in the beginning stages of starting a business , you might be wondering if it’s really worth your time to write out your business plan. 

We’re here to tell you that it is.

A business plan is important for a number of reasons, but mostly because it helps to set you up for success right from the start.

Here are four reasons to prove to you why you need to start your business off on the right foot with a plan.

Reason #1: Set Realistic Goals and Milestones

Putting together a business plan helps you to set your objectives for growth and make realistic goals while you begin your business. 

By laying out each of the steps you need to take in order to build a successful business, you’re able to be more reasonable about what your timeline is for achieving everything as well as what your financial projections are.

The best way to set goals is using the SMART goals guidelines, outlined below.

Reason #2: Grow Your Business Faster

Having a business plan helps you be more organized and strategic, improving the overall performance of your business as you start out. In fact, one study found that businesses with a plan grow 30% faster than businesses that don’t.

Doesn’t that sound reason enough alone to start out your business venture with a solidified plan? We thought so too, but we’ve still got two more reasons.

Reason #3: Minimize Risk

Starting a new business is uncharted territory. However, when you start with a roadmap for your journey, it makes it easier to see success and minimize the risks that come with startups.

Minimize risk and maximize profitability by documenting the most important parts of your business planning.

Reason #4: Secure Funding

And finally, our last reason that business plans are so important is that if you plan to pitch investors for funding for your new venture, they’re almost always going to want to see a detailed business plan before deciding whether or not to invest.

You can easily create your business plan and investor pitch deck right here with Visme. Just sign up for a free account below to get started. 

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The executive summary is a brief overview of your entire business plan, giving anyone who reads through your document a quick understanding of what they’re going to learn about your business idea.

However, you need to remember that some of the people who are going to read your business plan don’t want to or have time to read the entire thing. So your executive summary needs to incorporate all of the most important aspects of your plan.

Here’s an example of an executive summary from a business plan template you can customize and turn into your own.

Your executive summary should include:

• Key objective(s)
• Market research
• Competitor information
• Products/services
• Value proposition
• Overview of your financial plan
• How you’re going to actually start your business

One thing to note is that you should actually write your executive summary after the rest of your business plan so that you can properly summarize everything you’ve already created.

So at this point, simply leave a page blank for your executive summary so you can come back to it at the end of your business plan.

The next step is to write out a full description of your business and its core offerings. This section of your business plan should include your mission statement and objectives, along with your company history or overview.

In this section, you may also briefly describe your business formation details from a legal perspective.

Mission Statement

Don’t spend too much time trying to craft this. Your mission statement is a simple “why” you started this business. What are you trying to achieve? Or what does your business solve?

This can be anything from one single quote or a paragraph, but it doesn’t need to be much longer than that. In fact, this could be very similar to your value proposition.

What are your goals? What do you plan to achieve in the first 90 days or one year of your business? What kind of impact do you hope to make on the market?

These are all good points to include in your objectives section so anyone reading your business plan knows upfront what you hope to achieve.

History or Overview

If you’re not launching a brand new business or if you’ve previously worked on another iteration of this business, let potential investors know the history of your company.

If not, simply provide an overview of your business, sharing what it does or what it will do.

Your third step is to conduct a market analysis so you know how your business will fit into its target market. This page in your business plan is simply meant to summarize your findings. Most of your time should be spent actually doing the research.

Your market analysis needs to look at things like:

• Market size, and if it’s grown in recent years or shrinking
• The segment of the market you plan to target
• Demographics and behavior of your target audience
• The demand for your product or service
• Your competitive advantage or differentiation strategy
• The average price of your product or service

Put together a summary of your market analysis and industry research in a 1-2 page format, like we see below.

Your next step is to conduct a competitive analysis. While you likely touched on this briefly during your market analysis, now is the time to do a deep dive so that you have a good grasp on what your competitors are doing and how they are generating customers.

Start by creating a profile of all your existing competitors, or at the very least, your closest competitors – the ones who are offering very similar products or services to you, or are in a similar vicinity (if you’re opening a brick and mortar store).

Focus on their strengths and what they’re doing really well so that you can emulate their best qualities in your own way. Then, look at their weaknesses and what your business can do better.

Take note of their current marketing strategy, including the outlets you see a presence, whether it’s on social media, you hear a radio ad, you see a TV ad, etc. You won’t always find all of their marketing channels, but see what you can find online and on their website.

After this, take a minute to identify potential competitors based on markets you might try out in the future, products or services you plan to add to your offerings, and more.

Then put together a page or two in your business plan that highlights your competitive advantage and how you’ll be successful breaking into the market.

Step five is to dedicate a page to the products or services that your business plans to offer.

Put together a quick list and explanation of what each of the initial product or service offerings will be, but steer clear of industry jargon or buzzwords. This should be written in plain language so anyone reading has a full understanding of what your business will do.

You can have a simple list like we see in the sample page above, or you can dive a little deeper. Depending on your type of business, it might be a good idea to provide additional information about what each product or service entails.

The next step is to work on the financial data of your new business. What will your overhead be? How will your business make money? What are your estimated expenses and profits over the first few months to a year? The expenses should cover all the spending whether they are recurring costs or just one-time LLC filing fees .

There is so much that goes into your financial plan for a new business, so this is going to take some time to compile. Especially because this section of your business plan helps potential cofounders or investors understand if the idea is even viable.

Your financial plan should include at least five major sections:

• Sales Forecast: The first thing you want to include is a forecast or financial projection of how much you think your business can sell over the next year or so. Break this down into the different products, services or facets of your business.
• Balance Sheet: This section is essentially a statement of your company’s financial position. It includes existing assets, liabilities and equity to demonstrate the company’s overall financial health.
• Income Statement: Also known as a profit and loss statement (P&L), this covers your projected expenses and revenue, showcasing whether your business will be profitable or not.
• Operating Budget: A detailed outline of your business’s income and expenses. This should showcase that your business is bringing in more than it’s spending.
• Cash Flow Statements: This tracks how much cash your business has at any given point, regardless of whether customers or clients have paid their bills or have 30-60+ days to do so.

While these are the most common financial statements, you may discover that there are other sections that you want to include or that lenders may want to see from you.

You can automate the process of looking through your documents with an OCR API , which will collect the data from all your financial statements and invoices.

The next step is coming up with a successful marketing plan so that you can actually get the word out about your business. 

Throughout your business plan, you’ve already researched your competitors and your target market, both of which are major components of a good marketing strategy. You need to know who you’re marketing to, and you want to do it better than your competition.

On this page or throughout this section of your business plan, you need to focus on your chosen marketing channels and the types of marketing content you plan to create.

Start by taking a look at the channels that your competitors are on and make sure you have a good understanding of the demographics of each channel as well. You don’t want to waste time on a marketing channel that your target audience doesn’t use.

Then, create a list of each of your planned marketing avenues. It might look something like:

• Social media ( Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest)
• Email newsletter
• Digital ads

Depending on the type of business you’re starting, this list could change quite a bit — and that’s okay. There is no one-size-fits-all marketing strategy, and you need to find the one that brings in the highest number of potential customers.

Your last section will be all about your leadership and management team members. Showcasing that you have a solid team right from the start can make potential investors feel better about funding your venture.

You can easily put together an organizational chart like the one below, with the founder/CEO at the top and each of your team leaders underneath alongside the department they’re in charge of.

Simply add an organizational chart like this as a page into your overall business plan and make sure it matches the rest of your design to create a cohesive document.

If you want to create a good business plan that sets your new business up for success and attracts new investors, it’s a good idea to start with a template. 

We’ve got 14 options below from a variety of different industries for you to choose from. You can customize every aspect of each template to fit your business branding and design preferences.

If you're pressed for time, Visme's AI business plan generator can churn out compelling business plans in minutes. Just input a detailed prompt, choose the design, and watch the tool generate your plan in a few seconds.

Template #1: Photography Business Plan Template

This feminine and minimalistic business plan template is perfect for getting started with any kind of creative business. Utilize this template to help outline the step-by-step process of getting your new business idea up and running.

Template #2: Real Estate Business Plan Template

Looking for a more modern business plan design? This template is perfect for plainly laying out each of your business plans in an easy-to-understand format. Adjust the red accents with your business’s colors to personalize this template.

Template #3: Nonprofit Business Plan Template

Creating a business and marketing plan for your nonprofit is still an essential step when you’re just starting out. You need to get the word out to increase donations and awareness for your cause.

Template #4: Restaurant Business Plan Template

If your business plan needs to rely heavily on showcasing photos of your products (like food), this template is perfect for you. Get potential investors salivating at the sight of your business plan, and they’re sure to provide the capital you need.

Template #5: Fashion Business Plan Template

Serifs are in. Utilize this template with stunning serif as all the headers to create a contemporary and trendy business plan design that fits your business. Adjust the colors to match your brand and easily input your own content.

Template #6: Daycare Business Plan Template

Creating a more kid-friendly or playful business? This business plan template has bold colors and design elements that will perfectly represent your business and its mission. 

Use the pages you need, and remove any that you don’t. You can also duplicate pages and move the elements around to add even more content to your business plan.

Template #7: Consulting Business Plan Template

This classic business plan template is perfect for a consulting business that wants to use a stunning visual design to talk about its services.

Template #8: Coffee Shop Business Plan Template

Customize this coffee shop business plan template to match your own business idea. Adjust the colors to fit your brand or industry, replace photos with your own photography or stock photos that represent your business, and insert your own logo, fonts and colors throughout.

Template #9: SaaS Business Plan Template

A SaaS or service-based company also needs a solid business plan that lays out its financials, list of services, target market and more. This template is the perfect starting point.

Template #10: Small Business Plan Template

Every startup or small business needs to start out with a strong business plan in order to start off on the right foot and set yourself up for success. This template is an excellent starting point for any small business.

Template #11: Ecommerce Business Plan Template

An ecommerce business plan is ideal for planning out your pricing strategy of all of your online products, as well as the site you plan to use for setting up your store, whether WordPress, Shopify, Wix or something else.

Template #12: Startup Business Plan Template

Customize this template and make it your own! Edit and Download  

This is another generic business plan template for any type of startup to customize. Switch out the content, fonts and colors to match your startup branding and increase brand equity.

Template #13: One-Page Business Plan Template

Want just a quick business plan to get your idea going before you bite the bullet and map out your entire plan? This one-page template is perfect for those just starting to flesh out a new business idea.

Template #14: Salon Business Plan Template

This salon business plan template is easy on the design and utilizes a light color scheme to put more focus on the actual content. You can use the design as is or keep it as a basis for your own design elements.

Create Your Own Business Plan Today

Ready to write your business plan? Once you’ve created all of the most important sections, get started with a business plan template to really wow your investors and organize your startup plan.

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About the Author

Chloe West is the content marketing manager at Visme. Her experience in digital marketing includes everything from social media, blogging, email marketing to graphic design, strategy creation and implementation, and more. During her spare time, she enjoys exploring her home city of Charleston with her son.

Fashion Designer Business Plan [Sample Template]

By: Author Tony Martins Ajaero

Home » Business Plans » Fashion & Style

Are you about starting a fashion designing business? If YES, here is a complete sample fashion designer business plan template & feasibility report you can use for FREE .

Okay, so we have considered all the requirements for starting a fashion designing business. We also took it further by analyzing and drafting a sample fashion designing business marketing plan template backed up by actionable guerrilla marketing ideas for fashion designers. So let’s proceed to the business planning section .

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Why Start a Fashion Designer Business?

Look around you and you will notice that everything screams fashion. It would therefore not be out of place to start a fashion business.

Starting a fashion designer business is of course one of the many businesses that can be started in any part of the world and the owner of the business can still penetrate the world market once the design is good and it meets a need in the fashion market.

The bottom line is that there is always a ready market for fashion. The basic thing a fashion designer needs to do is to ensure that he or she carves a niche for his business and works hard to build their brand name to be accepted beyond his/her city of operation.

Fashion designing just like most businesses thrives on creativity, branding and good business skills. Any aspiring entrepreneur can start a fashion design business as long as they are creative, can get people to promote their brand and they have good business skills.

In the fashion industry, your signature is your style. Another important factor that counts in this line of business is the brand name and perhaps the logo of the fashion company. If you look at the leaders in the industry, you will realize that they deliberately choose a unique name and logo to match their fashion line.

Below is a sample fashion designer business plan template that can help you to successfully write your own with little or no difficulty.

A Sample Fashion Designer Business Plan Template

1. industry overview.

The fashion designer industry is made up of businesses that provide professional design services for such products and segments as fashion, clothing, shoes, textiles, fur, jewelry, costumes, lighting and floats.

These services occasionally represent the design branch of a large retail chain, but they more often represent smaller design houses that provide fashion products to several different sellers. This industry does not include in-house design services.

In the actual sense, a fashion designer provides professional design services to a variety of clients in the fashion, apparel, shoe, jewelry and costume industries. When it comes to fashion, many consumers desire an optimal balance between value, quality and style. In past decades, it took extended amounts of time before runway styles carried over to department stores.

Fashion-savvy shoppers had to pay high premiums for trendy designer outfits. Even as incomes increased during the economic recovery, consumers still demanded stylish pieces but were intimidated by high prices. Over the past five years, designers and retailers have started closing the gap between style and value to appeal to massive amounts of consumers.

Fashion designers and retailers have started closing the gap between style and value in order to appeal to massive amounts of consumers. As a result, demand for fashion and other specialized design services increased during the period.

Industry revenue will benefit from rising per capita disposable income and increased consumer confidence; it will also be aided by downstream apparel-manufacturing industries. As consumers demand trendier yet reasonably priced items, department stores will continue collaborating with designers to create product lines with mass appeal.

The Fashion Designers industry is indeed a thriving and viable business in most countries of the world. Statistics have it that in the united states of America alone, the Fashion industry generates over $2 billion annually from more than 19,481 registered and licensed big fashion companies scattered all around the United States of America.

The industry is responsible for the employment of over 26,425 people. No single establishment can boast of having a lion share of the available market in this industry.

It is worthy to mention that the fashion industry is growing and there are opportunities for entrepreneurs to launch their own fashion design business from the scratch and still become a globally recognized brand. The advent of computer and computer software brought leverage in the industry.

Designing clothes, shoes, and other fashion accessories can be conveniently done with the aid of software, and a designer can reach out to the world market by putting up his products for sale online; Instagram, YouTube et al are good platforms to promote this type of business.

2. Executive Summary

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is an international fashion designer company that will be located in Westchester County – New York.

We have been able to secure a large warehouse in a strategic part of town that will be converted to our fashion designing factory. We were able to out rightly buy over the facility with the help of our bank and support from family and friends.

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. will be involved in fashion clothing design, footwear design, jewelry and accessory design, textile design and other design services. Our business goal is to become one of the leading fashion designer companies in the United States and we will make sure that every of our designs can favorable compete with the best brands in the industry.

Our workers are going to be selected from a pool of talented fashion designers in and around Westchester County – New York and also from any part of the world as the business grows.

We will make sure that we take all the members of our workforce through the required trainings that will position them to meet the expectation of the company and to compete with leading fashion companies in the United States and throughout the globe.

We have put plans in place to build a state of the art factory in Westchester County – New York, which is why we entered into agreement with some manufacturers of sewing machines to produce customized sewing machines for us that will give us the quality of clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories that we want to be known for. Our factory will be well equipped and we will ensure that we follow the trend in the industry.

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. will design fashion wears for both high – end customers and low income earners; we want to become the people’s choice wherever our designs are put up for sale. Apart from mass production of clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories, we will also be engaged in customized design for customers based on their demands.

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is a private registered business that is owned by Ian Dennis Hatcher and his immediate family members. Dennis Hatcher is an American fashion enthusiast with over two decades of experience in the fashion industry. He will occupy the position of the chief executive officer (CEO)/President of the organization.

Dennis Hatcher has a Degree in Fashion Designing from New York School of Fashion and also an MBA from Harvard. He is a well – respected figure in the fashion industry, and prior to starting Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. he was the creative director in one of the world’s leading fashion label that is based in New York.

3. Our Products and Services

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is in the fashion industry to design a wide range of fashion wears. We are set to service a wide range of clientele not just in the United States of America, but in all parts of the world and of course to make profits, which is why we will ensure we go all the way to give our clients options.

Our product offerings are listed below;

• Clothing design services
• Costume design services
• Fashion design services
• Float design services
• Jewelry design services
• Shoe design services
• Textile design services

4. Our Mission and Vision Statement

• Our vision is to establish a fashion designer company whose designs will not only be accepted in the United States of America, but also in other parts of the world.
• Our mission is to establish a fashion company that will design and produce high quality official and casual clothes, shoes, and other fashion accessories for male, female, young adults and children; a fashion design label that will compete favorably with international fashion designers all across the world.

Our Business Structure

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. intends to start small in Westchester County – New York, but looks to grow big in order to compete favorably with leading fashion designer companies both in the United States and on a global stage.

We are aware of the importance of building a solid business structure that can support the kind of world class fashion business we want to own.

At Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc., we will ensure that we hire people that are qualified, hardworking, customer centric and are ready to work to help us build a prosperous business that will benefit all the stakeholders.

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our senior management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of five years or more as agreed by the board of trustees of the company. In view of the above, we have decided to hire qualified and competent hands to occupy the following positions;

Chief Executive Officer (Owner), General Manager, Human Resources and Admin Manager, Sales and Marketing Executive, Accountant, Fashion Designers, Customer Care Officer and Cleaners

5. Job Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Executive Officer – CEO:

• Upturns management’s effectiveness by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training, coaching, counseling, and disciplining managers; communicating values, strategies, and objectives; assigning accountabilities; planning, monitoring, and appraising job results; developing incentives; developing a climate for offering information and opinions; providing educational opportunities.
• Accountable for fixing prices and signing business deals
• Responsible for providing direction for the business
• Creates, communicates, and implements the organization’s vision, mission, and overall direction – i.e. leading the development and implementation of the overall organization’s strategy.
• In charge of signing checks and documents on behalf of the company
• Appraises the success of the organization

General Manager:

• Develops strategic plan by studying technological and financial opportunities; presenting assumptions; recommending objectives.
• Accomplishes subsidiary objectives by establishing plans, budgets, and results measurements; allocating resources; reviewing progress; making mid-course corrections.
• Coordinates efforts by establishing procurement, production, marketing, field, and technical services policies and practices; coordinating actions with corporate staff.
• Builds company image by collaborating with customers, government, community organizations, and employees; enforcing ethical business practices.
• Responsible for fixing prices and signing business deals
• Responsible for recruitment
• Responsible for payment of salaries
• Maintains quality service by establishing and enforcing organization standards.
• Maintains professional and technical knowledge by attending educational workshops; reviewing professional publications; establishing personal networks; benchmarking state-of-the-art practices; participating in professional societies.
• Contributes to team effort by accomplishing related results as needed.
• Ensures that the organization operates within stipulated budget.

Human Resources and Admin Manager

• Responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the organization
• Maintains office supplies by checking stocks; placing and expediting orders; evaluating new products.
• Defines job positions for recruitment and managing interviewing process.
• Carrying out induction for new team members.
• Responsible for training, evaluation and assessment of employees.
• Responsible for arranging travel, meetings and appointments.
• Oversees the smooth running of the daily office activities.

Sales and Marketing Manager

• Manages external research and coordinate all the internal sources of information to retain the organizations’ best customers and attract new ones
• Models demographic information and analyze the volumes of transactional data generated by customer purchases
• Identifies, prioritizes, and reaches out to new partners, and business opportunities et al
• Identifies development opportunities; follows up on development leads and contacts; participates in the structuring and financing of projects; assures the completion of development projects.
• Responsible for supervising implementation, advocate for the customer’s needs, and communicate with clients
• Develops, executes and evaluates new plans for expanding sales
• Documents all customer contact and information
• Represents the company in strategic meetings
• Helps to increase sales and growth for the company

Accountant/Cashier:

• Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the organization
• Provides managements with financial analyses, development budgets, and accounting reports; analyzes financial feasibility for the most complex proposed projects; conducts market research to forecast trends and business conditions.
• Responsible for financial forecasting and risks analysis.
• Performs cash management, general ledger accounting, and financial reporting
• Responsible for developing and managing financial systems and policies
• Responsible for administering payrolls
• Ensures compliance with taxation legislation
• Handles all financial transactions for the organization
• Serves as internal auditor for the organization

Fashion Designers

• Responsible for designing corporate and casual clothes to meet the latest trend, costume design services, fashion design services, float design services, jewelry design services, shoe design services and textile design services.
• Stays abreast with the dynamics of the fashion industry with key interest in corporate and casual clothes.
• Researches and advises the organization on style, size and other trendy fashion statements.

Client Service Executive

• Ensures that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In center, SMS or phone) provides the client with a personalized customer service experience of the highest level
• Through interaction with customers on the phone, uses every opportunity to build client’s interest in the company’s products and services
• Manages administrative duties assigned by the human resources and admin manager in an effective and timely manner
• Consistently stays abreast of any new information on the organizations’ products, promotional campaigns etc. to ensure accurate and helpful information is supplied to customers when they make enquiries (answer customer queries regarding the store and the merchandise)
• Finds out the customer’s needs, recommend, select and help locate the design, describe a product’s features and benefits.
• Responsible for cleaning the facility at all times
• Ensures that toiletries and supplies don’t run out of stock
• Handles any other duty as assigned by the store manager.

6. SWOT Analysis

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. intends to build a world class fashion designer business that will design both corporate and casual clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories for men, women, young adults and children. We will be based in Westchester County – New York, but we will not restrict our fashion design services to the U.S market alone as we will sell our designs in other parts of the world.

In other to achieve this in a highly competitive industry like the fashion industry, we must ensure that we critically look through our strength, our weaknesses, the opportunities available in the industry and the threats that we will are likely going to face.

Because of the nature of the business we are involved in and the brand we want to build, we were able to hire the services of a Business consultant with bias in fashion and retailing to help us conduct a thorough SWOT analysis and to help us create a Business model that will help us achieve our business goals and objectives.

This is the summary of the SWOT analysis that was conducted for Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc.;

Our strengths are easy adoption of a commercial focus, attractive product presentation, the quality of our employees and the latest machines and equipment that we have in our factory. Our chief executive officer, Mr. Dennis Hatcher will be bringing his vast wealth of experience to the table and that is indeed a huge positive for Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc.

A major weakness that may count against us is the fact that we are a new fashion company and we don’t have the financial capacity to compete with multi – billion dollar fashion designing labels like Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger, Hugo Boss, Gap, Lacoste, Nike, Levi Straus, Adidas, Diesel, Nautical, Puma, Prada, Rebel et al when it comes to controlling the market or detecting the trend.

• Opportunities:

The opportunities available to fashion designers in the United States and all across the globe are massive considering the fact that fashion is dynamic and the trends will continue to change. As a matter of fact, the increasing visibility and accessibility of fashion will bode well for industry participants.

Just like any other business, one of the major threats that we are likely going to face is economic downturn. It is a fact that economic downturn affects purchasing power. Another threat that may likely confront us is the arrival of a new fashion company in same location where our target market exists who may want to adopt same business model like us.

7. MARKET ANALYSIS

• Market Trends

A close study of the fashion industry shows that the industry does not just cater for the demand of younger generations but it is all encompassing, it carters for people of all ages. Fashion designers design clothes for every occasion from wedding to parties, conferences and even funerals.

As a matter of fact, fashion designers do not just look after the interest of their high profile clients like celebrities but they also cover the middle class segment. In recent time, people from middle class follow fashion closely and this has led to the tremendous progress of the fashion industry.

The fashion designer industry is known for its creativity and leaders in the industry are known for their crazy ideas, rapidly changing styles, and cut throat competition. Most industries never experience that kind of volatility.

Fashion designers now leverage on the runway – fashion expos to promote and attract market for their designs. Any fashion designer who is recognized in Paris, Milan, New York City, or London can comfortably become a globally recognized label.

8. Our Target Market

When it comes to fashion designing services, there is indeed a wide range of available customers. In essence, our target market can’t be restricted to just a group of people, but all those who reside in the locations where we intend opening our company.

Despite the fact that Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. will start operation from a single factory in Westchester County – New York, we have a holistic view of the kind of business we want to build; we want to grow to the level where we will build factories in Thailand and China.

Our clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories are going to be specifically designed to penetrate not just the United States market, but also the world’s fashion industry.

We want people of all walks of life across the globe to someday put on our clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories; we want to see our clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories being worn in Paris, London, Tokyo, Lagos, Madrid, Johannesburg, Bueno Aries, Sao Paulo, Port Elizabeth, Dubai and all over the world.

We are in business to retail our designs to the following groups of people;

• Clothe manufacturing factories
• Celebrities
• Security Outfits
• Businesses and Corporate Organizations that make use of uniforms
• Every adult that resides within the locations where our clothes will be retailed

Our Competitive Advantage

A close study of the fashion industry will reveal that the market has become much more intensely competitive over the last decade. As a matter of fact, you have to be highly creative, customer centric and proactive if you must survive in this industry.

We are aware of the stiff competition and we are well prepared to compete favorably with other fashion companies both in the United States of America and other parts of the world.

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is launching a standard fashion designer company that will indeed become the preferred choice for cloth dealers and end users in and around Westchester County – New York and other cities all across the world.

Another competitive advantage for Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is the quality and robust wealth of experience of its management team.

The management team comprises of professionals who have worked with some of the leading international brand in the fashion industry. Our latest machines and equipment also count towards our advantage especially when it comes to competing with other fashion companies within the same category that we operate.

Lastly, our employees will be well taken care of, and their welfare package will be among the best within our category in the industry, meaning that they will be more than willing to build the business with us and help deliver our set goals and achieve all our aims and objectives.

We will also give good working conditions and commissions to freelance sales agents that we will recruit from time to time.

9. SALES AND MARKETING STRATEGY

• Sources of Income

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is in business to retail a wide range of fashion both in the United States and other countries of the world. We are in the fashion industry to maximize profits and we are going to go all the way out to ensure that we achieve or business goals and objectives.

We will generate income by offering the following design services;

10. Sales Forecast

One thing is certain when it comes to the fashion business, if you go into the designing of a wide range of clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories, you will always attract customers cum sales and that will sure translate to increase in revenue generation for the business.

We are well positioned to take on the available market in and around Westchester County – New York and we are quite optimistic that we will meet our set target of generating enough profits from the first six months of operation and grow the business and our clientele base.

We have been able to critically examine the fashion industry, we have analyzed our chances in the industry and we have been able to come up with the following sales forecast. The sales projections are based on information gathered on the field and some assumptions that are peculiar to startups in Westchester County – New York.

Below are the sales projections for Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc., it is based on the location of our business and other factors as it relates to fashion startups in the United States;

• First Fiscal Year: $450,000
• Second Fiscal Year: $750,000
• Third Fiscal Year: $1.5 Million

N.B : This projection was done based on what is obtainable in the industry and with the assumption that there won’t be any major economic meltdown and there won’t be any major competitor offering same services within same location.

• Marketing Strategy and Sales Strategy

Before choosing a location for Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc., we conducted a thorough market survey and feasibility studies in order for us to be able to penetrate the available market in Westchester County – New York. We have detailed information and data that we were able to utilize to structure our business to attract the number of customers we want.

We hired experts who have good understanding of the fashion industry to help us develop marketing strategies that will help us achieve our business goal of winning a larger percentage of the available market in New York. In summary, Ian Rosen™ Clothes, Inc. will adopt the following sales and marketing approach to win customers over;

• Open our fashion designer company in a grand style with a party for all.
• Introduce our fashion designer label by sending introductory letters to fashion designer companies, celebrities and other key stakeholders in and around New York.
• Attend fashion expos in the U.S and other parts of the world
• Organize our own fashion show; in order for us to display our designs
• Advertise our fashion design label in newspapers, TV and radio stations
• Canvass celebrities to wear and help us promote our clothing label, shoes and other fashion accessories
• List our business on yellow pages ads / local directories
• Leverage on the internet to promote our business
• Engage in direct marketing
• Leverage on word of mouth marketing (referrals).

11. Publicity and Advertising Strategy

Publicity and advertising as it relates to the fashion industry involves being in touch with the organization’s target market and being very creative and proactive. Beyond every reasonable doubt, the media plays a very big role when it comes to helping a designer label gain international significance.

The social media also plays an important role in modern day fashion publicity and advertisement; it gives fashion labels the ability to reach out to a wide range of customers all over the world within a short period of time and of course at a very cheaper price when compared to other publicity and advertising platforms.

Any player in the fashion industry that wants to take on the market must be deliberate when it comes to building brand awareness and credibility. Most often than not, big – time labels ensure that they create great hype whenever they are about to release any unique design from their stable.

Social media such as blogs, micro blogs, podcasts, photo and video sharing sites are some of the tools fashion designers leverage on to promote their labels. Here are the platforms we intend leveraging on to promote and advertise Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc.;

• Place adverts on both print (newspapers and fashion magazines) and electronic (radio and TV) media platforms
• Sponsor relevant community programs like school fashion shows et al
• Leverage on the internet and social media platforms like Instagram, Tumblr, WordPress, Facebook, twitter, YouTube and other sharing sites to promote our brand
• Attend local and intentional fashion expos
• Organize our own fashion shows
• Promote our clothing label on our official websites and online fashion community
• Build relationship with celebrities especially in the entertainment and sports industry

12. Our Pricing Strategy

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. will make sure that we design and manufacture corporate and casual clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories that will meet the financial capacity of different classes of people in different parts of the world.

The prices of all our corporate and casual clothes, shoes and other fashion accessories will be affordable and at the same time competitive with what is obtainable in the fashion industry.

• Payment Options

The payment policy adopted by Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is all inclusive because we are quite aware that different customers prefer different payment options as it suits them but at the same time, we will ensure that we abide by the financial rules and regulation of the United States of America.

Here are the payment options that Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. will make available to her clients;

• Payment via bank transfer
• Payment with cash
• Payment via credit cards / Point of Sale Machines (POS Machines)
• Payment via online bank transfer
• Payment via check
• Payment via mobile money transfer
• Payment via bank draft

In view of the above, we have chosen banking platforms that will enable our clients make payment for our designs without any stress on their part. Our bank account numbers will be made available on our website and promotional materials to clients who may want to purchase our products.

13. Startup Expenditure (Budget)

From our market survey and feasibility studies, we have been able to come up with a detailed budget for achieving our aim of establishing a standard and world class fashion designer company and here are the key areas where we will spend our startup capital;

• The total fee for registering the business in the United States of America – $750.
• Legal expenses for obtaining licenses and permits as well as the accounting services (software, P.O.S machines and other software) – $3,300.
• Marketing promotion expenses for the grand opening of Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. in the amount of $3,500 and as well as flyer printing (2,000 flyers at $0.04 per copy) for the total amount of $3,580.
• The total cost for hiring business consultant – $2,500.
• The total cost for the purchase of insurance (general liability, workers’ compensation and property casualty) coverage at a total premium – $2,400.
• The cost for payment of lease for our factory for 24 months – $350,000
• Factory remodeling (construction of racks and shelves) – $20,000
• The amount required for the purchase of industrial sewing machines and clothes making tools – $200,000
• Other start-up expenses including stationery ( $500 ) and phone and utility deposits ( $2,500 ).
• Operational cost for the first 3 months (salaries of employees, payments of bills et al) – $250,000
• The cost for start-up inventory (stocking with a wide range of fabrics (textiles), sewing accessories and other related merchandize) – $100,000
• The cost for store equipment (cash register, security, ventilation, signage) – $13,750
• The cost of purchase and installation of CCTVs – $5,000
• The cost for the purchase of furniture and gadgets (Computers, Printers, Telephone, TVs, Sound System, tables and chairs et al) – $4,000.
• The cost of launching a website – $600
• The cost for our opening party – $5,000
• Miscellaneous – $5,000

We would need an estimate of $1.5 million to successfully set up our fashion designer factory in Westchester County – New York.

Generating Startup Capital for Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc.

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is a family business that is solely owned and financed by Dennis Hatcher and his immediate family members. They do not intend to welcome any external business partners which is why he has decided to restrict the sourcing of the startup capital to 3 major sources.

These are the areas we intend generating our startup capital;

• Generate part of the startup capital from personal savings
• Source for soft loans from family members and friends
• Apply for loan from the Bank

N.B: We have been able to generate about $500,000 ( Personal savings $400,000 and soft loan from family members $100,000 ) and we are at the final stages of obtaining a loan facility of $1 million from our bank. All the papers and documents have been signed and submitted, the loan has been approved and any moment from now our account will be credited with the amount.

14. Sustainability and Expansion Strategy

The future of a business lies in the number of loyal customers that they have, the capacity and competence of their employees, their investment strategy and business structure. If all of these factors are missing from a business, then it won’t be too long before the business closes shop.

One of our major goals of starting Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. is to build a business that will survive off its own cash flow without the need for injecting finance from external sources once the business is officially running.

We know that one of the ways of gaining approval and winning customers over is to retail our wares a little bit cheaper than what is obtainable in the market and we are well prepared to survive on lower profit margin for a while.

Dennis Hatcher™ Fashion Designers, Inc. will make sure that the right foundation, structures and processes are put in place to ensure that our staff welfare are well taken of. Our company’s corporate culture is designed to drive our business to greater heights and training and retraining of our workforce is at the top burner.

As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of three years or more. We know that if that is put in place, we will be able to successfully hire and retain the best hands we can get in the industry; they will be more committed to help us build the business of our dreams.

Check List/Milestone

• Business Name Availability Check: Completed
• Business Registration: Completed
• Opening of Corporate Bank Accounts: Completed
• Securing Point of Sales (POS) Machines: Completed
• Opening Mobile Money Accounts: Completed
• Opening Online Payment Platforms: Completed
• Application and Obtaining Tax Payer’s ID: In Progress
• Application for business license and permit: Completed
• Purchase of Insurance for the Business: Completed
• Leasing of facility and remodeling the facility: In Progress
• Conducting Feasibility Studies: Completed
• Generating capital from family members: Completed
• Application for Loan from the bank: In Progress
• Writing of Business Plan: Completed
• Drafting of Employee’s Handbook: Completed
• Drafting of Contract Documents and other relevant Legal Documents: In Progress
• Design of The Company’s Logo: Completed
• Graphic Designs and Printing of Promotional Materials: In Progress
• Recruitment of employees: In Progress
• Purchase of industrial sewing machines and sewing equipment/tools: In Progress
• Purchase of the needed furniture, racks, shelves, computers, electronic appliances, office appliances and CCTV: In progress
• Creating Official Website for the Company: In Progress
• Creating Awareness for the business both online and around the community: In Progress
• Health and Safety and Fire Safety Arrangement (License): Secured
• Opening party planning: In Progress
• Establishing business relationship with vendors – suppliers of textile (fabrics), sewing accessories and related merchandize, clothes wholesalers and other stake holders: In Progress

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Design Proposals

What are design proposals.

User experience (UX) design proposals are documents that outline a potential design project for prospective clients. They serve as a comprehensive plan and typically include a project’s approach, process, deliverables, timeline and commercial terms. They are platforms for designers to demonstrate their expertise, vision and proposed solutions to clients’ problems.

Much like any other design deliverable, the design proposal also begins with a careful understanding of the user—in this case, the potential client. Designers must understand what the client expects from a proposal and create one that matches their expectations.

Author, speaker and executive leadership coach Todd Zaki Warfel explains how to approach clients with design work.

Why Are Design Proposals Indispensable?

Design proposals are the lifeblood of any UX design project. These proposals  help provide a roadmap for the entire design process. They act as a reference for everyone involved and set clear expectations for the design solution.

A well-constructed UX design proposal can help designers:

Gain clarity and understanding about the project’s purpose and what they need to achieve.

Establish legal and contractual clarity, protecting the interests of both parties involved via clear terms and conditions, deliverables, timelines and budgets.

Accurately estimate costs, letting clients understand the financial aspect of the project.

Showcase creative vision and approaches to brand-relevant fineries. These include an appreciation for real-world user behaviors and compelling visual elements.

Streamline project management via well-defined project timelines and milestones.

Establish credibility and start to build solid and lasting trust with their client.

When Do Designers Create Proposals?

Designers create design proposals both when they are seeking new clients prospectively and when they are working on existing project discussions. In both scenarios, the key is for the designer to communicate clearly , present a compelling case for their design vision , and show an understanding of the client's needs and goals . A well-crafted design proposal can go a long way to winning business and ensuring project success for both clients and designers.

Since understanding the client means understanding users of the client’s brand too, designers should declare the full range of their skill sets in their proposals—and much more. A vital ingredient is to show how they’ll go about understanding users in a new contract. This includes leveraging UX research methods and approaches, such as quantitative research and qualitative research. For example, for prospective contracts, a designer might show how they made the best of card sorting, focus groups, user interviews and user journeys for previous clients in their UX portfolio. A vital point, of course, is to safely do so—that is, without violating non-disclosure agreements (NDAs).

The key point is for a designer to be ready to prove that they can well exceed a client’s expectations with solid experience and a keen, fresh eye for innovative solutions in the marketplace. This is essential in a fickle market, where mobile device users are used to discarding apps after just one use and many clients can’t afford to place their trust unless a convincing, compelling proposal helps them start to believe in the solution provider they have been hoping for. Designers have only seconds—and just one chance—to make a first impression and leap out from a thick pile of proposals. Consequently, they need to ensure they come across as the best UX brand to handle the problem at hand.

Here, Principal and owner of Lebsontech LLC, Cory Lebson explains what goes into branding as a UX professional:

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What Does a Design Proposal Look Like?

Proposals are essential for all kinds of designers. They could be product designers like app or web designers, service designers or other professionals in UX or user interface (UI) design. Proposals can vary in form, with different nomenclature for the introductory part (termed “executive summary”). However, these key parts provide essential information about the project's scope, objectives, requirements and more:

1. Title Page

The title page includes the project's title, the designer's name or company name, the date of submission and possibly a logo or visual representation of the design proposal.

2. Introduction

The introduction provides an overview of the design project, introduces the client's needs and sets the stage for the proposal. This can act as a cover letter.

3. Table of Contents

This is to facilitate fast finding. The proposal is a design and should offer maximum convenience.

4. Client's Needs and Objectives

This section outlines the client’s specific requirements, goals and objectives. It contains a problem statement and helps show an understanding of the client's needs and how the proposed design will fulfill them.

5. Scope of Work

The scope of work defines the specific tasks, deliverables and services that the designer will provide. It outlines what the design project will include and—particularly importantly—any limitations or exclusions.

6. Proposed Design Solution

This section details the designer's approach to addressing the client's needs and objectives. It may include design concepts, sketches or other visual representations to illustrate the proposed design solution.

7. Timeline

The timeline section outlines the proposed schedule for the design project. It includes key milestones and deadlines.

8. Deliverables

Within the timeline, this is the expected delivery of design elements. Designers name UX deliverables associated with the project and where they feature (e.g., user research insights followed by proposed user flows and usability testing of low-fidelity prototypes). Both deliverables and timeline need to reflect how the design process will work for the project.

Watch Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) expert Professor Alan Dix explain the steps involved in a design process.

9. Qualifications and Experience

Here, the designer (or design team) highlights their relevant qualifications, experience and past projects that demonstrate their capability to successfully execute the proposed design project. When they include their UX portfolios, designers can showcase their skills in interaction design and other relevant areas. 

10. Cost Estimate and Payment Terms

This part includes the proposed cost of the design project, broken down into specific elements. It also outlines the payment terms, such as deposit requirements and invoicing details.

11. Terms and Conditions

The terms and conditions section specifies the legal and operational aspects of the design project. This includes ownership of work, revisions, cancellation policy and any other relevant contractual details.

12. Conclusion

The conclusion summarizes the key points of the proposal and reiterates the benefits of the proposed design solution. Most importantly, it should encourage the client to take the next steps and present the designer’s contact information as clearly as a call to action.

Userlytics include 10 essential elements of a design proposal.

© Userlytics, Fair Use

How to Craft an Effective UX Design Proposal

Designers can use a recommended step-by-step guide to frame a persuasive proposal:

Step 1: Understand the Client's Brand

Before a designer starts drafting a proposal, they need to understand the client's brand thoroughly. They also must comprehend the needs, expectations, behavior, pain points, and more about the users the brand serves. For example, is it a niche startup, or a long-established client that has just had a brand makeover to appeal to a wider market? In an external context, it could be a B2B (brand-to-brand) or a B2C (brand-to-consumer) scenario. Or it could be a case where a company is working on an internal project for its employees, such as an intranet. In any case, this understanding ensures that their design proposal aligns with the existing brand identity, values and messaging. If a designer understands the brand well, they can tailor their design proposal to meet these objectives effectively and show great value in design decisions.

Step 2: Write a Stellar Problem Statement

The problem statement is crucial. It should be specific, concise and directly related to the client’s needs and the client's business objectives. The most difficult part is to define the problem accurately and clearly—which many designers often overlook. A well-defined problem statement will guide the designer’s efforts properly. It will also help set the right expectations with the client and stakeholders.

The primary problem is that of the client. Then the designer can move on to examine the specific problems that the client’s users face, the causes of these and perhaps potential consequences of not resolving them. When they clearly articulate the problem, a UX designer demonstrates their understanding of the client's pain points. This sets the stage for proposing effective solutions. It also raises the chances of a successful pitch if the client sees their problem clearly articulated in the proposal. A Point of View (POV) is a meaningful and actionable problem statement that designers can leverage to access many such insights. They can use a Point of View Madlib to pinpoint their focus with the most clarity.

A Point of View Madlib helps designers clearly articulate a problem statement: “(The user) needs to (word or words reflecting the user’s need) because (the insight explaining the need).”

© Interaction Design Foundation, CC BY-SA 4.0

Step 3: Define the Scope in Detail

A designer now outlines the work they will do. This could include website design, user interface and experience design, or other forms of content creation. It’s important to set out the tasks, deliverables, services and anything else that relates to the limitations of the design work.  

Designers must understand the full nature of the proposed work ahead of time—what they must do (e.g., usability testing) and what their services do not include. This helps prevent scope creep and surprises from miscommunication.

Step 4: Comprehensively Outline the Solution

Once a designer has clearly stated the problem, it's time to tie in the solution and explain why it solves the client’s or customer's pain points. A well-articulated solution gives the client a clear, detailed plan for how the design work will address their specific problem. It also ensures they understand the proposed approach and what they can expect from the project.

Designers should outline the specific goals they aim to achieve through their proposed solution. These objectives should be measurable, realistic and directly linked to addressing identified problems. If the designer clearly defines the objectives, the client gains a clear understanding of what the project aims to achieve and how to measure success.

It’s crucial to allow for some fluidity. Design solutions typically evolve as more user insights arise and as the project progresses. Therefore, while the solution should be detailed and well-thought-out, it should also be flexible enough to accommodate changes and improvements. Meanwhile, the client should feel it starting to address their unique situation from the outset. They should sense the designer has empathy both for the users and themselves as the client.

Details are important here because they provide a clear roadmap of how designers plan to achieve the project goals. This includes the tools and techniques they will use, the stages of the design process, and how they will incorporate user feedback. This section should also explain how the design strategy aligns with the business objectives and user needs.

This video explains the need for empathy in design and how it guides decision-making:

Step 5: Establish a Realistic Timeline and Firm Deliverables

The timeline section of the UX design proposal is essential for managing expectations and ensuring a smooth project flow. It outlines the projected timeline for each phase of the project, including key milestones and deliverable dates.

 A designer’s timeline should consider the complexity of the project, the availability of resources, and potential dependencies. It’s crucial to be realistic and allow for flexibility in case of unforeseen circumstances. A well-planned and communicated timeline helps the client understand the project's progress and ensures that everyone is on the same page regarding deadlines and expectations. As delays can have a ripple effect on the entire project, it's essential to factor in some buffer time for unforeseen circumstances or changes in the project scope.

Deliverables

The deliverables section of the UX design proposal specifies the tangible outputs the designer will provide to the client throughout the project. It should include a comprehensive list of deliverables such as user research reports, wireframes, prototypes, usability test results and any other relevant documentation.

 The designer should clearly outline the format, frequency and expected quality of these deliverables. For example, mockups may look like the finished project but can appear far sooner in the project. This section ensures that the client understands what they will receive at each stage of the project and helps manage their expectations.

A proposal should reflect a solid understanding that UX design involves important elements: to iterate to validate ideas and to iterate to design around constraints.

Step 6: Include a Strong Portfolio

In this section  the designer showcases relevant work to account for the “why me?” dimension. They highlight projects that are like the one they’re proposing for the client. This will give a sense of the individual’s design style and capabilities.

To highlight their experience, designers should showcase their past work, case studies and client testimonials that demonstrate their capabilities. Their UX portfolio should corroborate their claims and act as a design with its own superior UX as well. Designers should explain why they are the best choice for the project and how they can add value to the client's business. UX design is a burgeoning industry, and competition can be fierce. So, standing out from the crowd is crucial with a proposal that not only is professional and comprehensive but also uniquely fits the client's specific needs and goals.

Design lead for the AdWords Display & Apps Team at Google, Stephen Gay gives advice on how to craft a UX portfolio.

Step 7: Estimate Costs and Decide on Payment Terms

A designer needs to show a client how much they will charge for the work, how they will calculate fees and what expenses or contingencies are included. It’s important to be transparent and fair about costs, and justify value and quality. It’s also vital to break estimated costs down into specific deliverables or phases. When it’s itemized this way and transparent, clients can understand what they are paying for, foster trust in the designer and make informed decisions.

It's better to overestimate (by a little) than underestimate. Include costs for research, design, testing and implementation, as well as any additional costs that may arise. A designer should be clear about pricing structure, whether it's hourly or project-based, and explain all costs. Designers include their fees, any additional expenses for resources or tools, and potential costs for changes or additions to the project scope. They should also describe acceptable payment options for the client.

Step 8: Set out the Terms and Conditions

It's crucial to specify clear terms and conditions for several reasons:

Clarity: They provide clear guidelines about the rules and requirements for both parties involved in a transaction or agreement.

Legal Protection: Terms and conditions can serve as a legal contract that may protect the rights of all parties.

Dispute Resolution: In case of disagreements, they are references to help resolve disputes.

Limitation of Liability: They can limit the liability of a service provider (the designer), clearly outlining what they are and aren’t responsible for.

Enforceability: Clearly stated terms and conditions are more likely to be enforceable in a court of law.

Disagreements can arise over any number of factors in a contract. A good terms and conditions section can account for contingencies.

© SHVETS production, Pexels License

Step 9: Summarize The Proposal

The final step is to summarize the proposal and restate the value proposition. A designer needs to show the client why they should choose them for their UX project, what benefits and results that designer will deliver, and how they will exceed the client’s expectations.

It’s important to make a compelling last section here. A client needs to feel that urge to engage from a well-written conclusion that encapsulates why a particular designer is the way forward with the right solution and more.

Tips and Best Practice for Creating a Design Proposal

It’s important to consider various factors that will influence both the creation and reception of a proposal. Key considerations are for designers to:

Understand the Client’s Needs, and Prove It

Research Thoroughly : Before drafting a proposal, a designer needs to deeply research the client’s business, industry and competitors—and, of course, the users who make up their market. It’s imperative to prove an understanding of the client's challenges and clearly articulate how the solution will address them.

Be Accessible and Approachable : Designers should show they are eager to start a dialogue and be open to discussions for gathering requirements and insights as they begin the design project.

Appreciate the Technical Aspects

Feasibility : Consider the practicality of the design in terms of budget, resources and time constraints.

Functionality : Ensure the design works well and serves its intended purpose.

Present the Proposal Well

Clearly and concisely articulate ideas and how they align with the client's goals. Avoid jargon and complex language . Ensure the client can easily understand the proposed solution, deliverables and costs. Remember that design is a conversation in itself; the proposal must reflect appreciation for a great user experience. Aim to answer potential questions within the proposal.

Deliver a professional format and tone throughout the proposal. Ensure perfect grammar and spelling, and a clean and clear layout.

Include detailed sketches, mockups or prototypes when possible.

Maximize the Visual Appeal Wisely

Ensure a visually attractive design that aligns with the brand’s image. Use visuals such as images, diagrams and infographics to illustrate points and make the proposal more engaging. A strong proposal also needs to reflect a designer's grasp of great visual design. Balance the text with relevant visuals that effectively communicate ideas.

According to the Stanford University’s research, (published in the Stanford Credibility Project), nearly half of 2500+ participants assessed the credibility of websites based on their visual appeal. Remember the importance of visual appeal, both in design solutions and the proposal itself.

Understand the Client's Budget

Discuss the budget openly with the client. This understanding guides the scope and scale of the project, and gives insights into the company culture behind the product or service.

Anticipate The Economic Factors As Far as Possible

Costing : Provide a clear breakdown of costs including design, production and any other associated fees.

Return on Investment (ROI) : Explain how the design solution will benefit the client financially or in terms of brand value.

Assumptions : Identify and communicate any assumptions, like the availability of resources, access to user groups or the client’s active participation. This will help align expectations with the client and address potential risks or challenges upfront.

 Clearly Define The Offer

Scope of Work : Clearly define what is included to avoid scope creep.

Deliverables : List all deliverables, including file formats and any other specifics.

Sell the Expertise

Portfolio : Include relevant examples of past work that demonstrate competence and style to answer the client’s “Why hire this designer?” in seconds.

Testimonials : Share testimonials from past clients to build trust.

Develop a Compelling Narrative

Storytelling : Use a narrative to connect the client’s problem to the proposed solution.

Benefits : Focus on the benefits of the design, not just the features.

Include User Research

Show commitment to UX Research : Impress the client with an obvious commitment to conduct user research to understand the target audience's needs, behaviors, pain points, expectations, motivations, and more about their world.

Show commitment to User Testing : Plan for user testing as a necessity. This will validate the proposed solution and provide valuable feedback for refinement. When designers test with real users, they can reveal unforeseen issues and gain insights to significantly improve the design.

Consider Proposal-Generating Software

Effective UX design proposal tools and templates are widely available. Use them to help streamline the proposal creation process and enhance the quality and professionalism of proposals. They can also provide a platform for collaborative work. Good programs can save time, provide more insights, and help the client choose a designer or company faster. Designers should find ones that help them customize the look, feel and professionalism they want to cast to clients—for example, as freelance UX or UI designers.

PandaDoc is one of many solutions to generate a design proposal.

© PandaDoc, Fair Use

Follow-Up Plan : Have a plan for following up after sending the proposal.

Be Flexible and Open to Revisions

Design is a collaborative process, and a proposal should reflect this. Be open to feedback from the client and be willing to revise the proposal based on their inputs. Designers who are feedback-oriented and -driven can show this commitment to evidence, flexibility and listening.

UX design agency Zengenti has used usability testing data in their design proposals to win projects. They find that including user testing data in their proposals provides a strong foundation for their design process and helps to reassure clients that their designs are evidence-backed.

© Simon Dumont, Fair Use

Potential Pitfalls around a Design Proposal

Some potential issues that can arise in a project relating to the proposal include:

Lack of Research

Inadequate Market Analysis : This can result in a design that does not resonate with the target audience.

Misunderstanding the Brief : Not asking questions for clarity can cause a proposal to miss the mark.

Communication Issues

Overpromising : Designers who make promises on deliverables or timelines that are unrealistic can damage trust. Also be clear about the job description. Many potential clients might have a vague idea of what’s involved in product design, and expect UI-UX designers to deliver in unrealistic timelines.

Vague Descriptions : Lack of specificity in the scope of work can lead to misunderstandings. For example, a proposal aimed at service design needs to consider every angle of the service design process.

Watch CEO of Experience Dynamics, Frank Spillers explain the service design process.

Financial Missteps

Underquoting : Underestimating the costs can lead to financial loss or a decrease in quality to meet budgets.

Overquoting : Overestimating costs can make a proposal less competitive.

Including Design Ideas without Considering Consequences

Designers do not typically include design ideas in a proposal , unless the client has agreed to sign an NDA, and offers compensation for drafting the proposal. These are usually called RFPs (request for proposal). Also, if the client and designer already know what's to be designed, then a solution overview will make sense. That is, it merely documents what the client has shared or what the client and the designer have mutually discussed before.

Legal and Ethical Concerns

Copyright Infringement : Always ensure that the design does not infringe on any copyrights.

Ethical Design : Be mindful of ethical considerations in a design. Avoid anything that could appear offensive or inappropriate.

Remember, a great design proposal is not just about the aesthetics. It's also about how well it communicates the value of a design solution to the client. It should be clear, concise and compelling. It should also show extensive attention to detail in research, planning, foresight, empathy and vision. Overall, it travels ahead of the designer who relies on it. It’s often the first point of contact with a client, and so needs to portray the ultimate in professionalism, credibility, and much more.

“People hire who they know, who they like, and who they trust."

— Chris Do, CEO and Founder of The Futur

Learn More about Design Proposals

Take our How to Become a Freelance Designer course.

Watch our masterclass Win Clients, Pitches and Approval: Present Your Designs Effectively with Author, speaker and executive leadership coach Todd Zaki Warfel .

Read our piece How to Get Meaningful Design Feedback From Your Clients for more insights.

Read Jami Oetting’s article 15 Proposal Software Tools for Proposal Creation and Management  for an array of proposal software to choose from.

See how prospective clients think in this insightful piece by Karthika G L: 7 Points To Consider When Choosing UI/UX Design Proposals For Your Business .

Find helpful points in this article from Simon Dumont: How to create a winning design proposal with user research .     

Read Job M’s A UX Writer’s Guide To Writing A Content Design Proposal for additional insights.

Questions about Design Proposals

The specific deliverables are different across different fields of design. Also, designers can continue to work on a product after launch and help to constantly improve or iterate on the design from testing and feedback . They can do this in an annual maintenance contract (AMC), for instance.  

Also, UX designers are more service-oriented, despite the point that they may have tangible deliverables. Meanwhile, other types of designers tend to be oriented around one-time deliverables, handing off their designs before moving on.

Lastly, UX design proposals must leave scope for some flexibility, unlike other designers who have a more concrete scope of work. This is especially relevant for UX designers, as they will need to watch for scope creep in particular in some cases.

To ensure design proposals align with the client's budget constraints, designers should adopt a strategic approach:

Prioritize Needs over Wants: Differentiate between the essential features required for functionality and the additional features that are nice to have. Focus on delivering the core requirements within the budget.

Allocate Resources Wisely: Pick cost-effective solutions without compromising the quality of the design. This might include using open-source tools or modular design elements.

Design with Flexibility in Mind: Propose scalable solutions that allow for future expansion or enhancement when more funds become available.

Use Clear Communication: Maintain transparent communication throughout the project. Regularly update the client about the progress and any potential adjustments to stay within budget. Communicate effectively and be open and honest to build trust and simulate a face-to-face business environment virtually.

Use an Iterative Approach and Iterative Design Process : Good design iteration is about testing and refining ideas in stages, like prototype testing and incorporating user feedback. This prevents time-consuming and costly changes later in the project. On that subject, the proposal must clearly communicate this – address the iterative nature of the service, additional costs (if any) and the responsibilities of each party (say sign-offs or testing) for each iteration.

User research plays a critical role in a UX design proposal. It gives valuable insights into user needs, behaviors and preferences. It serves as the foundation for creating user-centered designs in the form of products and services that effectively meet the target audience's requirements.

Also, research helps inform the designer about the scope of work for the proposed solution.

Moreover, by knowing what the competition is, they can propose ideas on how to beat the competition for the design solution.

Watch this video for valuable insights into the timing and importance of user research in the design process.

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Visual design is especially important in a UX design proposal. It's not just about aesthetics in digital products like websites or apps. Visual design plays a crucial role in user experience as it influences usability, user interaction, user perception and the overall effectiveness of the design. The fundamental reason behind this fact is:

First Impressions: Visual design is often the first aspect of a product that users notice. For example, the first few seconds a user spends on a web design sets the tone for the user experience and can greatly impact user engagement. A designer’s UX portfolio should likewise impress clients.

Cultural factors greatly influence how designers create proposals. When designers understand and integrate these factors, they can create more inclusive, accessible, and effective designs for users from all cultural backgrounds.

User Behavior and Preferences: Different cultures have unique behavioral patterns and preferences. For example, color symbolism varies greatly across cultures. It affects how users perceive and interact with designs. Red in China, for instance, generally grabs users in different ways than it does users in the United States.

Language and Communication: Language is not just about translation but also involves understanding cultural nuances, idioms and context. Effective communication and communication styles in UX design consider these aspects to ensure clarity and relevance in visual design and beyond.

Navigation and Layout: Cultural differences in scanning patterns (like left-to-right or right-to-left reading) impact how users navigate and consume content. Designers must consider these variations to create intuitive and user-friendly layouts for different cultural groups.

Values and Norms: Cultural values, such as individualism versus collectivism, influence user expectations and interactions with technology across many groups of people. Designs for products or services that resonate with the target audience’s values will be more effective there.

Accessibility and Inclusion: Recognizing cultural diversity contributes to greater accessibility and inclusivity, long term. It ensures that products are usable and appealing to a broader audience and that they address at a high level the many pain points users face in problem solving.

Finally, with remote collaboration, it is extremely important to understand how people work in different cultures. What's acceptable in one region may be considered rude elsewhere. This will depend on what aspects of a proposal would have such cultural differences, though.

Do Detailed Requirement Analysis: Begin with a thorough analysis of the project requirements. Understanding the scope and complexity helps to make a more accurate estimation for all individual tasks combined.

Review Historical Data: Look at past successful projects with similar scopes. Historical data can provide insights into the time and resources needed for the project life cycle this time.

Break Down the Project: Divide the project into smaller, manageable parts from the early stages onwards. Estimate the cost for each project task and then sum up for the total project cost.

Include Contingency Plans: Always include a contingency budget for unforeseen circumstances or changes in project scope. This will ramp up the total cost but may make the difference between whether the project gets completed comfortably or not.

Consider All Factors: Include all aspects of the project in the cost estimate, such as design, development, testing, and any third-party service costs or time-consuming extras.

Regularly Communicate with Stakeholders: Engage with all stakeholders to ensure that they consider all needs during the project schedule and that the estimate is realistic for long-term project progress.

Use Project Management Tools: Leverage project management and estimation tools to help automate and standardize the estimation process.

Review and Adjust Regularly: Treat the estimate as a living document that’s adjustable as more information becomes available.

Designers can communicate complex design concepts to potential clients and clients effectively by using a few key strategies when they write a design proposal:

Simplify the Language: Use simple, jargon-free language. Avoid technical terms that may not be familiar to the client. This makes the proposal more accessible and easier to understand for a wide range of stakeholders.

Use Visual Aids: Include diagrams, sketches, wireframes, or prototypes for product or service design work. Visual representations can convey complex ideas more effectively than text alone. They help clients visualize the end-product of the design project and understand the design process.

Leverage Storytelling : Frame the design concept within a narrative. Explain how the design solves a problem or improves the user experience. Stories can make abstract concepts more tangible and relatable.

Use Modular Explanation: Break down the concept into smaller, manageable parts. Explain each part individually before showing how they integrate into the whole. This step-by-step approach prevents information overload.

Make Analogies and Metaphors: Analogies and metaphors can bridge the gap between unfamiliar design concepts or abstract ideas and the client’s existing knowledge. They make complex ideas more relatable and easier to grasp.

Involve Clients in the Process: Client involvement is a must. Ask for their input and address their concerns. This can increase their understanding and investment in the project.

Establish regular feedback loops: to ensure the client understands and is on board with the proposed design. This also allows for early detection and correction of any misunderstandings long before pain points turn up in user testing.

To effectively handle scope creep in UX design proposals, designers can employ several strategies:

Clearly Define the Project Scope: Start by establishing a clear, concise project scope. This includes outlining specific deliverables, timelines, and responsibilities. Designers who define the scope in a written document help ensure that all stakeholders have a common understanding of the project's boundaries, and what’s involved to complete the project and keep to the project schedule.

Establish a Change Request Process: Implement a formal process for handling changes or additions to the project. This process should include evaluating the impact of the change on resources, timelines, and costs. It should also require formal approval before any changes get made to any part of the project, regardless of whether they’re key elements or not.

Regularly Communicate with Stakeholders: Maintain open lines of communication with all project stakeholders. Regular updates and meetings help manage expectations and address any concerns early on and prevent surprises in project status reports. 

Set Realistic Expectations: Designers should be realistic about what they can achieve within the given constraints of project timelines, project budget, and resources for project tasks. Overpromising can lead to scope creep as they try to meet unrealistic expectations for project team members and key stakeholders.

Monitor Project Progress and Consider Project Management Software: Keep a close eye on project progress. Regularly review the project status against the initial plan to identify any deviations early. Depending on the nature and type of project, consider using project management tools to aid in the management process.

Be Flexible, Yet Firm: While some flexibility is necessary, it's important to be firm about the project boundaries defined in the scope. Politely, but assertively, push back on requests that fall outside the agreed-upon scope. Clients may well agree not to assign tasks that go beyond agreed-upon terms, and therefore avoid scope creep and keep the project on track.

Designers can address client feedback or revisions in the design proposal process effectively by following these steps:

Actively Listen and Understand: When designers receive feedback, they should listen actively to understand the client's perspective and the reasons behind their suggestions or concerns. They should ask clarifying questions if necessary to fully comprehend the client as they collect feedback.

Maintain a Positive Attitude: Approach revisions and feedback positively. View them as opportunities for improvement rather than criticisms. That can foster a more productive and collaborative environment, and establish a long-term relationship. With the right mindset, designers can turn the opinions of unhappy customers into constructive feedback and develop good ideas. 

Communicate Clearly and Regularly: Keep the lines of communication open. Regular updates on the status of revisions and clear explanations of any changes or challenges are crucial to maintain client trust and satisfaction.

Document Changes: Keep a record of all feedback and the corresponding changes made. This documentation can be useful for future reference and helps to ensure that no important details are overlooked. It also helps ensure more positive feedback when gathering feedback as the proposal manager can cross items off the list.

Set Boundaries and Expectations: Clearly define the scope of revisions and the proposal process. Set boundaries on the number and extent of revisions. It will prevent scope creep and ensure that the project remains on track according to the product roadmap.

Seek Consensus: Designers should work towards finding a solution that aligns with both the client's vision and their own design expertise. Strive for a consensus that satisfies both parties and upholds the quality and integrity of the design.

The following paper is a good resource for design proposal research: Phillips, R., & Maier, A. (2020). How design proposals are evaluated: A pilot study . Proceedings of the Design Society , 1, 2109-2118.

This academic article, authored by Phillips and Maier in 2020, presents the findings of a pilot study on the evaluation process of design proposals. The study aims to understand how professionals in the field assess and decide on design proposals, focusing on the criteria and decision-making processes involved. 

Here are some popular good books on design proposals:

1. Hass, C. (2015). Writing Successful UX Proposals. Morgan Kaufmann. "Writing Successful UX Proposals" by Chris Hass is a pivotal resource for UX professionals and students who aim to master the art of creating effective and persuasive design proposals. This book provides a comprehensive guide on how to write proposals that clearly communicate the value and approach of UX projects. Hass covers critical elements such as understanding client needs, outlining project goals, and detailing methodologies. The book is particularly valuable for its insights into tailoring proposals to different audiences and its focus on winning strategies for securing project approval. This practical guide is essential for anyone looking to elevate their UX proposal writing skills.

2. Greever, T. (2020). Articulating Design Decisions: Communicate with Stakeholders, Keep Your Sanity, and Deliver the Best User Experience . O'Reilly Media.

"Articulating Design Decisions" by Tom Greever is an essential guide for UX designers and professionals involved in design processes. The book delves into the crucial skill of effectively communicating design decisions to stakeholders, colleagues, and clients. Greever addresses common challenges faced by designers, such as defending their decisions, managing feedback, and achieving consensus while ensuring the best user experience. He offers practical advice, strategies, and real-world examples to enhance communication skills in various scenarios. This book is especially valuable for its focus on the often-overlooked soft skills necessary for successful design projects.

Take our Design Thinking: The Ultimate Guide course to get behind the client’s point of view for successful design solutions.

Watch our masterclass How to Build A Successful Portfolio with Chris Clark .

Read Write A UX Proposal: How-To Guide by Steven Douglas for further information.

See Offorte’s  Proposal example: UX design for more insights.

Answer a Short Quiz to Earn a Gift

What is the main purpose of a design proposal?

• To create a visual design
• To develop coding standards for a design
• To outline a potential design project for clients

Which section of a design proposal outlines the specific tasks and deliverables?

• Introduction
• Scope of Work
• Project Timeline

Why is a problem statement important in a design proposal?

• It lists the project’s costs and projected impact on the client's profits.
• It provides a clear understanding of the client's needs.
• It summarizes the designer’s qualifications.

What is the purpose of the timeline section in a design proposal?

• To describe when developers apply code to the design
• To list the budget for the entire project
• To outline the proposed schedule and key milestones

Why should a designer include a portfolio in a design proposal?

• To outline the project’s scope
• To provide a detailed autobiography of their life and work
• To showcase relevant work and demonstrate their capabilities

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Literature on Design Proposals

Here’s the entire UX literature on Design Proposals by the Interaction Design Foundation, collated in one place:

Learn more about Design Proposals

Take a deep dive into Design Proposals with our course How to Create a UX Portfolio .

Did you know the average UX recruiter spends less than 5 minutes skimming through your UX portfolio? If you want to join the growing and well-paid field of UX design, not only do you need a UX portfolio— you’ll need a great UX portfolio that showcases relevant skills and knowledge . Your UX portfolio will help you get your first job interviews and freelance clients, and it will also force you to stay relevant in your UX career. In other words, no matter what point you’re at in your UX career, you’re going to need a UX portfolio that’s in tip-top condition.

So, how do you build an enticing UX portfolio, especially if you’ve got no prior experience in UX design? Well, that’s exactly what you’ll learn in this course! You’ll cover everything so you can start from zero and end up with an incredible UX portfolio . For example, you’ll walk through the various UX job roles, since you can’t begin to create your portfolio without first understanding which job role you want to apply for! You’ll also learn how to create your first case studies for your portfolio even if you have no prior UX design work experience. You’ll even learn how to navigate non-disclosure agreements and create visuals for your UX case studies.

By the end of this practical, how to oriented course, you’ll have the skills needed to create your personal online UX portfolio site and PDF UX portfolio. You’ll receive tips and insights from recruiters and global UX design leads from SAP, Oracle and Google to give you an edge over your fellow candidates. You’ll learn how to craft your UX case studies so they’re compelling and relevant, and you’ll also learn how to engage recruiters through the use of Freytag’s dramatic structure and 8 killer tips to write effectively. What’s more, you’ll get to download and keep more than 10 useful templates and samples that will guide you closely as you craft your UX portfolio. To sum it up, if you want to create a UX portfolio and land your first job in the industry, this is the course for you!

All open-source articles on Design Proposals

4 tips to amplify the potential of your ux/ui design portfolio.

The 10 Most Inspirational UX Design Portfolio Examples in 2024

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Hedge fund turned to a wargame to plan for a Chinese invasion of Taiwan

• A Chinese takeover of Taiwan risks investments there and far beyond.
• A hedge fund turned to a tabletop wargame to see how the crisis could play out.
• It made clear a war would swamp tech stocks and rattle the global economy.

As China's fleets and bombers stalk the narrow strait and threaten Taiwan's seven decades of de facto self-rule, a British hedge fund commissioned a wargame to answer an increasingly pressing question: What is the optimum strategy for investors if China invades?

Taiwan is the world's leading supplier of the semiconductor chips essential to electronics of all kinds, from fighter jets and supercomputers to dishwashers, and a Chinese takeover of Taiwan's industry would immediately buzzcut exposed investors. But the wargame makes clear that would be the first wave in an economic tsunami.

"The conclusion was that most investing entities would take a huge hit and keep being hit for months to follow, with many likely collapsing," Finley Grimble, president of Knightsbridge Strategic Group, the British consultancy that designed and ran the game, told Business Insider. "Opportunities could follow a bit later though for those who survive."

Wargaming is a common technique in government and military circles to explore issues and assess potential responses. But it also is becoming popular in business as a way to prepare for crises like this that would send tremors through the world's economy and short-circuit tech stocks.

In the case of the British hedge fund, which Knightsbridge did not identify, the tabletop game began with China invading Taiwan on May 2, 2025 — two years before a reported Chinese mandate to be ready. The hedge fund players (played by actual officials of the hedge fund in question) responded by "liquidating as many of its investments as possible in all adjacent countries to the South China Sea, and rapidly reducing its exposure to investments reliant on South China Sea freedom of navigation," according to KSG's summary report.

But this still left the fund with substantial exposure to its global investment, including those in the US and Europe. The next step was to shift investments toward US government bonds, buying US dollars, and investing in South America. "The major short- to medium-term decision taken was to pull out of high-tech companies given semiconductor chip shortages were likely on the horizon, which would harm the share price of tech giants," KSG noted.

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In the second phase of the game, soon after the Chinese invasion began , US forces were said to have engaged and stopped the Chinese amphibious assault, though China continued to bombard Taiwan.

In the economic sphere, the EU, as well as the US, Japan, South Korea and Australia imposed sanctions on China.

This caught the hedge fund players by surprise: they had assumed EU sanctions were unlikely because of the depth of China-Europe trade , which reached $815 billion annually in 2023. The hedge fund "agreed that any room for avoiding a total divestment from China and the South China Sea was now completely lost, and market re-entry was probably many years away."

The final phase of the wargame began a month into the war. Global trade was said to be in crisis, the US had imposed a blockade on goods headed toward China, and there was a global rush to buy gold as a safe haven, along with US Treasury bills and high-quality US dollar assets. There was also stress on the global financial systems, including more and larger stock margin calls, more hedging, stiffer demands for collateral, higher credit spreads and deteriorating credit quality.

"Experts in finance assessed that this scenario did not look so dissimilar to the early stages of the 2008 financial crisis, the impact of Covid-19, the First Gulf War, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine," KSG noted. To be sure, China's economy is nearly nine times the size of Russia's as estimated by GDP.

The hedge fund responded by choosing to invest heavily in semiconductors manufactured in regions not affected by the war. The fund also boosted investments in the defense industry and, on the assumption that the war would drive up energy prices, also invested in oil and alternative energy.

A post-game analysis by former British government economists and security experts, as well as a former investment banker, concluded that a Chinese invasion of Taiwan would devastate the world economy far more than even the 2008 meltdown .

Governments would pump liquidity into their economies for years to come, including investing in semiconductor manufacturing. If an invasion of Taiwan resulted in sanctions on China, this might be a boon to Western manufacturers who would no longer have Chinese competition (though consumers might be unhappy as lack of competition drives up prices).

An interesting side effect would be that Chinese investment in the so-called Global South — which includes Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia — would probably be slashed, leaving space for other lenders to step in. "This would provide potential opportunities for new players to emerge in the Global South, particularly if loans can be collateralized," Knightsbridge noted. "A major example of this would be mining in Zimbabwe."

In the end, the value of business wargames is that they give companies and investors a chance to go beyond theory and explore the consequences of making various choices.

"It's easy to think about consequences in your own head, or in a regular meeting," Grimble said. "But a wargame allows for consequences to be examined, and that is vital for entities looking to invest enormous sums of money and compare options, or prepare mitigations and alternatives in a time of urgency."

Michael Peck is a defense writer whose work has appeared in Forbes, Defense News, Foreign Policy magazine, and other publications. He holds an MA in political science from Rutgers Univ. Follow him on Twitter and LinkedIn .

Watch: China shows how it would attack Taiwan as tensions rise

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BLM Yuma Field Office Long-Term Visitor Areas Draft Business Plan

This draft business plan was prepared by the Bureau of Land Management’s Yuma Field Office pursuant to the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act of 2004 (16 U.S.C. 6801-6814) and BLM recreation fee program policies. It establishes future management goals and priorities for the Long-Term Visitor Area Program within the Yuma Field Office .

Public comment period now open

We announced a public comment period on Sept. 6, 2024.

You can provide comment on this draft business plan by emailing  [email protected]  with the subject line "LTVA Fee Proposal Comment" or by delivering/mailing comments to:

BLM Yuma Field Office

7341 E 30th St, Suite A

Yuma, AZ 85365

Comments must be received by Oct. 21, 2024.

To learn more about draft business plans across the state,  read the announcement  and visit our  interactive StoryMap .

Click the link below to read the draft business plan.

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Mexico's plan to make judges stand for election is indeed aimed at foreign firms, president says

Foreign business chambers have been warning for weeks that a proposed, sweeping overhaul of Mexico’s judiciary that would make judges stand for election, would endanger foreign investment in Mexico

MEXICO CITY -- Foreign business chambers have been warning for weeks that a proposed overhaul of Mexico’s judiciary , that would make judges stand for election, will hurt foreign businesses and endanger investment in Mexico.

And President-elect Claudia Sheinbaum has spent weeks trying to calm those fears , saying it’s simply a pro-democracy measure. But on Friday, outgoing President Andrés Manuel López Obrador — who came up with the plan — confirmed that the sweeping changes are indeed aimed directly at foreign firms.

“The corrupt judges, ministers, justices, are they going to continue defending this? Are they going to continue defending foreign companies that come to loot, rob and affect the economy of the Mexican people?” López Obrador said. “Are they going to continue representing these companies?”

Critics say the constitutional changes to replace 7,000 judges nationwide would deal a severe blow to the independence of the judiciary, making them more loyal to their constituents or the ruling party than to the law. They also question how such massive elections could be carried out without having drug cartels and criminals field their own candidates.

It was yet another bucket of cold water for Sheinbaum, who has spent her entire political career as a protégée of López Obrador and has pledged to continue all of his polices. After the Mexican peso plunged in value following her victory in the June 2 elections, she has walked a tightrope.

Sheinbaum, who takes office Oct. 1, has defended the changes, but also went on a campaign to reassure foreign investors, meeting with international lending organizations, business leaders and the heads of major corporations.

Earlier this week, Sheinbaum said “the reforms to the judicial system will not affect our commercial relations, nor private Mexican investments, nor foreign ones. Rather the opposite, there will be a greater and better rule of law and democracy for everyone.”

U.S. business chambers, the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico , banks and financial analysts have all said the overhaul represents risks, largely because elected judges may feel more loyalty to their constituencies — or López Obrador's ruling Morena party — than the law.

For example, López Obrador has continuously and publicly attacked foreign energy companies that built cleaner electrical power plants in Mexico, because their presence weakened the hold of the state-owned power company he championed. López Obrador has accused the foreign firms of charging too much for electricity.

López Obrador tried to pass a law guaranteeing the state-owned power company a majority share of the market and putting the foreign-built plants last in line for electricity, but courts blocked it: not because they favor foreign firms, but because the Mexican constitution forbids creating monopolies.

The outgoing president has frequently made it a question of nationalism, claiming the foreign firms — many of them Spanish — displayed “the attitude of conquistadores” who subjugated and looted Mexico in the 1500s. In fact, the foreign-built plants were allowed in because they are less polluting than Mexico's state-owned facilities.

In his remarks Friday, López Obrador confirmed that the new judicial overhaul — which passed the lower house this week and will go to a vote in the Senate next week — was aimed directly at cases like that of the power companies. He claimed opponents of the changes, including current judges, wanted to protect such companies.

“They want to continue guaranteeing, by any means possible, the continued domination of foreign companies, and do away with the CFE,” the state-owned utility company, López Obrador said.

Foreign investment, mostly from the U.S., is vital to Mexico's economy. López Obrador finishes his term on Sept. 30, leaving Sheinbaum — who will be inaugurated the next day — to pick up the pieces.

Under the current system, judges and court secretaries, who act as judges’ assistants, slowly qualify for higher positions based on their record. But under the proposed changes, virtually anyone with a law degree and a few years of experience “in judicial areas” could become a judge through popular vote.

If too many candidates registered to run, the final contenders would essentially be chosen by putting their names in a hat and drawing lots.

López Obrador ’s Morena party is one seat short of the two-thirds majority it needs in the Senate to get the vote passed, but might be able to pick off an opposition senator. The Centro Pro human rights groups called on the Senate to kill the measure, saying it “affects the life of democracy, endangers human rights and violate Mexico’s international obligations.”

The overhaul has fueled a wave of protests by judges, court employees and students across Mexico in recent weeks.

Mexico’s courts have long been plagued by corruption and opacity, but in the last 15 years they have been subject to reforms to make them more open and accountable, including changing many closed-door, paper-based trials for a more open, oral-argument format.

Follow AP’s coverage of Latin America and the Caribbean at https://apnews.com/hub/latin-america

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• This  contemporary house plan   gives you 4,392 square feet of heated living space, 5 beds, 4 baths and a 807 square foot, 3-car garage.
• French doors open off the 8'-deep front porch giving you a glimpse of the 2-story living room ahead and the vaulted porch in back.
• Formal entertaining is facilitated by the dining room with beamed tray ceiling, while informal meals can be had at the island with comfortable seating for four or on the vaulted rear porch where a covered grilling porch with direct pantry access makes preparing meals a breeze. Note the fireplace outside for added outdoor entertaining enjoyment.
• The master suite occupies the entire right side of the home and enjoys direct laundry access from the super-sized walk-in closet. Across the home, two bedrooms share a bath and a study gives you a great work-from-home space.
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Harris visits New Hampshire to tout her small business tax plan

Vice President Kamala Harris used a New Hampshire campaign stop to propose an expansion of tax incentives for small businesses, a plan that may soften her previous calls for wealthy Americans and large corporations to pay higher taxes.

Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris waves as she steps on stage to address a crowd, Wednesday, Sept. 4, 2024, during a campaign stop, in North Hampton, N.H. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)

Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris speaks during a campaign stop at the Throwback Brewery, in North Hampton, N.H., Wednesday, Sept. 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris walks with co-owners of Port City Pretzels, Eileen Marousek, center, and her mother, Suzanne Foley, as she campaigns in Portsmouth, N.H., Wednesday, Sept. 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris talks with co-owners of Port City Pretzels, Eileen Marousek, left, as her mother, Suzanne Foley watches as she campaigns in Portsmouth, N.H., Wednesday, Sept. 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris speaks during a campaign stop at the Throwback Brewery, in North Hampton, N.H., Wednesday, Sept. 4, 2024. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)

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WASHINGTON (AP) — Vice President Kamala Harris used a campaign stop in New Hampshire on Wednesday to propose an expansion of tax incentives for small businesses , a pro-entrepreneur plan that may soften her previous calls for wealthy Americans and large corporations to pay higher taxes.

Describing small businesses as “an essential foundation to our entire economy,” Harris said she wants to expand from $5,000 to $50,000 tax incentives for startup expenses, with the goal of eventually spurring 25 million new small business applications over four years.

The speech was part of Harris’ effort to strengthen her economic credentials with only two months until the end of the election.

“You’re not only leaders in business. You’re civic leaders,” Harris said. She added, “You are part of the glue and the fabric that holds communities together.”

The vice president spoke at the Throwback Brewery in North Hampton, outside Portsmouth, and met with co-founders Annette Lee and Nicole Carrier. Their brewery got support to open its current location through a small business credit and installed solar panels using federal programs championed by the Biden administration.

After that, Harris visited another women-owned small business, Port City Pretzels, which was founded in 2015 and had expanded out of its original, 500-foot facility into a larger location. One of the co-owners, Suzanne Foley, led Harris around brown boxes bearing the company’s logo, some stacked head-high and waiting to be shipped to customers around the country.

“Thank you for visiting our little company,” said Foley, who beamed and chatted with Harris as the pair walked around the facility. At one point, the vice president asked of the pretzels “Is it a family recipe?” When the answer came back yes, she offered, “Is it a secret family recipe?” Foley responded, “It’s not really, no.”

Meanwhile, the campaign of Donald Trump, the former president and current Republican nominee, dismissed Harris’ plan, noting that the vice president has promised to eliminate a package of tax cuts approved during his administration that are set to expire next year. Trump’s campaign said those cuts “allowed business owners to deduct up to 20% of qualified business income,” reduced taxes on new equipment purchases and took steps to bolster small businesses as compared to larger ones.

Before talking about her small business plan, Harris addressed Wednesday’s school shooting in Georgia.

“It’s just outrageous that every day, in our country, in the United States of America, that parents have to send their children to school worried about whether or not their child will come home alive.”

She added: “We’ve got to stop it. It doesn’t have to be this way.”

Harris’ New Hampshire trip is a rare deviation for a candidate who is spending most of her time in Midwest and Sun Belt states with pivotal roles in November’s election .

Since President Joe Biden dropped his reelection bid and endorsed Harris , the vice president has focused on Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, which have been the centerpiece of successful Democratic campaigns. She also has frequently visited Arizona, Nevada and Georgia, all of which Biden narrowly won in 2020, and North Carolina, which she hopes to flip from Trump .

Wednesday’s stop came after Harris marked Labor Day with rallies in Detroit and Pittsburgh and before she was making her 10th visit to Pennsylvania of the year by heading back to Pittsburgh on Thursday.

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Trump has called for lowering the corporate tax rate to 15% — a break with Biden, who in his budget proposal in March suggested setting the corporate tax rate at 28%. Harris has released relatively few major policy proposals in the roughly six weeks since taking over the top of the Democratic ticket, but has not suggested she’s planning to deviate greatly from Biden on tax policy.

Still, Harris also endorsed during her Wisconsin speech a tax of 28% on long-term capital gains for households with an annual income of $1 million or more. That marks a key difference with Biden — who included a 39.6% rate in his proposed budget, while still calling for a higher rate.

“We will tax capital gains at a rate that rewards investment in America’s innovators,” the vice president said.

The plans Harris presented has lots that the business community would like. But they also contrast with another proposal Harris unveiled last month, where she promised to help fight inflation by working to combat “price gouging” from food producers that she suggests have driven grocery store prices up unnecessarily.

Harris has built her campaign around calls to grow and strengthen the nation’s middle class — and suggested that rich Americans and large corporations should pay higher taxes. She repeated that message Wednesday, saying “billionaires and big corporations must pay their fair share in taxes.”

“It’s just not right that those who can most afford it are often paying a lower tax rate than our teachers and our nurses and our firefighters,” she told the New Hampshire crowd.

Both nominees are using the week before their debate to sharpen their economic messages about who could do more for the middle class. Trump will address the Economic Club of New York on Thursday. They square off on the debate stage next week in Philadelphia.

Biden, who built his campaign around promoting the middle class, won New Hampshire by 7 percentage points in 2020, but Trump came much closer to winning it against Hillary Clinton in 2016. The Harris campaign says it has 17 field offices operating in coordination with the state Democratic party across New Hampshire, compared to one for Trump’s campaign.

Some of the state’s Democrats were angry that Biden directed the Democratic National Committee to make South Carolina the first state to vote in the party’s presidential primary this year — displacing Iowa’s caucus and a first-in-the-nation primary New Hampshire held for more than a century.

Despite that, New Hampshire pressed ahead with an unsanctioned primary. Though Biden didn’t campaign in it, or appear on the ballot, he still easily won via a write-in drive .

Trump has seized on the primary calendar change, posting on his social media account that Harris “sees there are problems for her campaign in New Hampshire because of the fact that they disrespected it in their primary and never showed up.”

“Additionally, the cost of living in New Hampshire is through the roof, their energy bills are some of highest in the country, and their housing market is the most unaffordable in history,” the former president wrote.

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Kamala harris won’t articulate her economic plan – so trump put on a master class.

Funny thing happened on Thursday: Donald Trump articulated the Kamala Harris economic plan better than Kamala Harris.

To borrow the left’s favorite criticism of all things Trump, it was “weird.” Worse, it was a stark reminder of how much is on the line as Americans go to polls to pick their next president. They really need to think hard before allowing someone like “Comrade Kamala,” to borrow Trump’s favorite name for his opponent, near the center of power.

I came to that conclusion while listening to Trump’s wide-ranging and detailed economic speech that day at a luncheon sponsored by The Economic Club of New York. I was struck not just by Trump’s command of economic matters, but also by how much Harris has been leaving it up to her opponent to explain how she wants to run a $28 trillion economy.

It makes me think, she either doesn’t have a plan or isn’t smart enough to explain what her advisers are dreaming up.

Most Americans, of course, aren’t immersed in the nuances of the economic debate like those of us in the chattering class, and those who attended the event. They do understand how inflation has made life difficult, that when Harris touts that she and her largely defenestrated boss Sleepy Joe Biden whipped inflation, that the line rings hollow because the inflation rate is down but prices for basics remain stubbornly high.

Americans may or may not fully appreciate how the Biden-Harris spending spree over the past four years coupled by higher regulations is to blame. Yet they remember the strong growth and low inflation of the Trump years spurred by pro-growth policies of lower taxes and regulations. For all his behavioral warts and the stain of January 6, he’s hands down better on the economy, polls show.

Maybe if Trump can stay on this same economic message long enough, nail it during the upcoming debate, he can win over enough voters and get elected president for a second time.

The people in that room Thursday — financiers, money managers, the legal elite — aren’t those average American voters. They have done well with a stock market juiced by easy money both fiscal and monetary for so long.

But they know the country is hurting outside of Wall Street and too much is on the line to hand the keys over to an economic cipher. The latest economic data are showing signs we have a slowing jobs market. Prices remain elevated for food and housing.

Meanwhile, the Harris campaign still refuses to provide details on how to fix things. She’s running on “vibes” because Harris herself often speaks incoherently, even in non-threatening settings. Her plan, such that there is one, comes from leaks to friendly media sources or social media posts by surrogates like Mark Cuban. They spin Harris as an economic moderate, despite her leftist musings about regulating grocery prices, her refusal to dis­avow a loopy Biden proposed tax on unrealized capital gains (aka stock that hasn’t been sold), which isn’t just rank socialism, but would tank the stock market.

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Cuban has also been spinning to anyone who will listen (including me) that a detailed economic plan is too much to expect from a nominee who didn’t know she was getting the nod until Biden blew up at that June 27 debate. Oh, and it’s Trump who’s really the economic illiterate of the two.

Gaslighting on steroids

I like Cuban because unlike most lefties, he’s a self-made billionaire and willing to engage. But what he’s saying is gaslighting on steroids. The American people deserve more out of a VP who either knew or should have known she would get the call because Sleepy Joe was on his way out. 

Trump literally riffed for an hour Thursday on how he will create jobs, bring down prices of basics for average people, and what’s wrong with Harris’s obtuse plans for the country. 

As Trump put it (and Mark, feel free to fact-check), what’s been leaked “includes the promise to end the Trump tax cuts, which again by itself would be a massive tax increase, would increase taxes over $5 trillion . . . It would result in the largest small-business tax hike in history, massively raising taxes on 25 million small-business people and raising small-business tax rates 43% higher.”

Then he got into his own proposals, keeping in place the tax package he passed in his first term that is set to expire next year if Harris has her way. When he lowered the corporate tax rate to 21%, jobs returned from overseas tax havens, wages spiked, as did employment — all without inflation.

I’ve never been a big fan of the other part of MAGA economics, aka economic nationalism. I suspect people in the audience weren’t, either, when he explained his across-the-board tariffs to make American companies more competitive. Yes, I have my doubts, but I did notice some nodding in agreement as Trump explained how he will lower the corporate tax rate to 15% for those companies that make their goods in the US.

Trump painted a dystopian vision for the country if Harris is elected — a larger open border, higher crime, massive taxes and weakness around the globe. Did he stretch things? Of course, but that’s The Donald. Is a trade war, not just with belligerent enemies like China but with allies, necessary? 

Of course not, but if you’re worried about the country’s economic future, what he’s offering seems so much more preferable to Harris’s vibe.