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Considering a PhD in Education? Here’s What You Need to Know

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: December 17, 2018

For anyone looking to pursue a career in education in academia or research, a Ph.D. in education is the degree to seek. A doctorate degree in education is a terminal degree in the field, which means it is the highest level degree you can get. So the natural next question is, “What can you do with a Ph.D. in education?

Here, we will share Ph.D. in education jobs, as well as answer all your big questions surrounding a doctorate degree in education.

What is a Ph.D. in education?

A doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in education is a graduate degree that is well-suited for anyone who wants to focus their career on academics or research. Just like a Ph.D. in education is a terminal degree, so is a Doctor of Education (EdD) degree.

Although it can be confusing when faced with two terminal degrees in the same field, it helps to clarify when we understand what each of their focus is. An EdD in education is more hands-on and practice-oriented, which means that it’s of use to those who want to work in education, for the government, or in a non-profit organization.

A Ph.D. in education is theoretically-focused and more study-based, in comparison. For this reason, it’s best for anyone looking to work in research or academia at the university level.

There are more differences between the two, including:

• A Ph.D. in education takes four years to complete, while an EdD takes two.
• A Ph.D. requires doing a dissertation, while an EdD doesn’t.
• A Ph.D. focuses on developing new research. EdD students, on the other hand, use existing research to guide decisions about issues within their area of study.
• A Ph.D. requires taking 90 credits, whereas an EdD requires 60.

Why Earn a Ph.D. in Education?

There are many reasons why a Ph.D. in education is valuable and worthy of your effort. Here’s why:

1. It’s one of the most highly respected credentials in education, and as mentioned, it is a terminal degree (which means its the highest level that you can achieve in this field).

2. You’ll use research-based methods to solve problems and identify gaps in your specialization of choice.

Plus, you will have the expertise and credentials to publish in professional journals and/or present your findings at conferences around the world.

3. You’ll be advancing in an area of education in which you’re passionate.

Are you fascinated by childhood development? Or do you have a passion for classroom management? If you have a desire to advance a particular field in education, a Ph.D. is an excellent way to do so.

4. You’ll earn respect in your field and gain personal satisfaction.

Since a Ph.D. in education requires doing a dissertation, that alone is not an easy feat! Accomplishing it will surely give you a rewarding feeling. Plus, being called Doctor isn’t so bad either. Just like any degree, a Ph.D. in education involves a certain skill set . Some learned along the way, and some you may have naturally. These are some skills involved in a Ph.D. in education:

Technical skills:

Analysis and problem-solving, project management and organization, research and information management, and written and oral communication are all important in such a research-based degree.

Soft skills:

Interpersonal and leadership skills, self-management and work habits, concentration, and patience are all important personal skills to have when you’re spending lots of time on one specific topic.

The Doctorate in Education Salaries You Can Expect

Did you know that in America, Ph.D. graduates will earn $1.3 million more than BA holders in their working lifetimes? There are all kinds of career options for Ph.D. education graduates.

Here are some examples of typical careers for Ph.D. in education holders, as well as their average salaries in the US:

• Clinical, Counseling and School Psychologists: $79,820
• Education Teachers, Postsecondary: $80,56 0
• Survey Researchers: $59,870 
• Sociologists: $86,110
• Training and Development Specialists: $62,700

Many PhD in education graduates want to become professors. Here’s what the average annual salaries look like around the globe for professors in the top-paying countries (in their equivalent USD):

Denmark: $109,600

Switzerland: $185,000

UK: $110,000

US: $102,400

Finland: $95,000

Canada: $93,000

Germany:$92,000

France: $82,000

There are other career options as well, such as school administrator, superintendent, curriculum coordinator, and principal.

What are the Requirements?

Considering that a Ph.D. in education is the highest level you can achieve in education, it means that you will already have a bachelor’s under your belt, and in most cases, a master’s degree, as well. In other words, you probably like being a student. There are lots of years of studying that get dedicated to earning a Ph.D. If you plan on doing a doctorate in education, earning a master’s degree in education can be the right first step.

Another important thing to know is that almost all Ph.D. candidates have background experience in research. So if education is your field of interest, getting a Ph.D. will mean coming to the table with previous research experience from your undergraduate (and potentially graduate) degrees.

Every institution may differ on their prerequisites for enrolling in their Ph.D. in education program. Be sure to consult directly with your school of choice to find out what they are.

Where Can I Earn My Ph.D. in Education?

There are many schools that offer Ph.D. in education programs. Just like most subjects, there are going to be online /on-campus options as well as throughout the world. Some are even fully funded.

Online programs

University of the People has a Master’s in Education (M.Ed) degree. This could be a great choice for those of you who may be aiming for a Ph.D. in education but only have a BA. The next step is getting that MA. So, why not choose a tuition-free program ?

Liberty University, Walden University, University of Colorado, and the University of Nebraska are just a few popular universities that offer a Ph.D. in Education. Here’s a look at some of the most affordable online Ph.D. programs.

Studying in Europe

Studying in Europe can be both exciting and low-cost . Germany, Sweden, Norway, and Finland offer free doctorate tuition for university students, regardless of their nationality! France offers low-cost Ph.D. tuition fees. If you want to see some specific schools in these countries, look at this list.

Fully-funded Programs

Fully-funded sounds wonderful, and it is! But, it doesn’t mean there are no costs associated. Fully-funded actually means that your tuition is covered, but you’ll still have to cover costs for textbooks and supplies, living expenses, and other fees.  no cost. That said, it’s still an awesome option. One condition: it has to be on campus. Why? Because you need to pay with your time — by teaching and performing research.

University of Michigan School of Education, Vanderbilt Peabody College, and Steinhardt School at NYU all offer tuition-free on-campus Ph.D. in education programs.

Online vs On-campus

You might be wondering what it’s like to get your Ph.D. online, as compared to on-campus institutions. Like all degrees, there are advantages and disadvantages to earning your degree entirely online. In regards to a Ph.D. in education, you will need to consider a few things.

Online Ph.D. programs are best suited to students who work better solo. They are also great for those who have worked in the field for some time and want to advance in their area of study. And, of course, it’s the best option for those who work and are raising families. On the other hand, you aren’t in the presence of peers and professors that can be a valuable resource in the research-driven program of a Ph.D.

Earning a Ph.D. on-campus has its pros and cons, too.. While they’re generally more expensive than online programs, on-campus Ph.D. programs allow you to communicate face-to-face with your professors, supervisors, and other students.

What You Can Expect to Study in a Ph.D. in Education

Completing a Ph.D. means doing your dissertation, or research thesis. Naturally, it is going to be based on the field of study that you are most interested in. You can specialize in a certain area. Some common specialization options for a Ph.D. in education are:

• Early Childhood Education
• Special Education
• Adult Education
• Teacher Leadership
• Curriculum and Pedagogy
• Educational Psychology

Aside from the research involved in planning and executing your thesis, you will also have professional development activities and coursework relevant to your area of study. They’re designed to help give you the skills needed to succeed in your research and your future career in education.

While the curriculum is going to vary according to your specialization, there are some general core courses that most PhDs in education involve. You will likely take the following: group psychology, leadership, learning models, ethics, education and globalization, and analytics courses as part of your curriculum.

Is a Ph.D. in Education for Me?

If you choose to study for a Ph.D. in education, chances are you’re passionate about teaching and learning, and everything in between. Even if you’re not looking to stand in front of a lecture hall and teach, you may wish to improve upon the field of education as a whole through research and other means. With a Ph.D. in Education, you open the door to that possibility and many more.

How you choose to earn your degree is up to you. Whether you conclude upon enrolling online or on-campus, prepare yourself for lots of reading, writing, researching, and communicating. Whatever you chose, we’re sure you’ll give it your best shot. Here’s to reaching the top in the field of education!

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EdD vs. PhD in Education: What’s the Difference?

Career Advice & Advancement Industry Advice Education

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in education, one of the first questions you’ll face is: Should I apply for a Doctor of Education (EdD) or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Education?

The decision between these two culminating degrees can be career-defining as each serves a very different purpose despite being equivalent in level. In order to ensure you choose the path that best aligns with your future goals and career path, it’s important to take the time to first understand the differences in program curriculum and future career opportunities that relate to each degree.

Read on to learn about the defining qualities and key differences of an EdD and a PhD in Education to determine which program is the right fit for you.

EdD vs. PhD in Education

A Doctor of Education  is a professional degree designed for practitioners pursuing educational leadership roles. A Doctor of Philosophy in Education , on the other hand, is designed to prepare graduates for research and teaching roles.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis,” says Joseph McNabb , a professor of practice in Northeastern’s Graduate School of Education . “Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.”

What is an EdD degree?

An EdD, or Doctor of Education , is a professional doctorate best suited for experienced educators and mid- to senior-level working professionals who want to lead and implement change within their organization.

EdD candidates work in a broad range of fields ranging from K-12 and higher education to nonprofits, government, healthcare, and the military. What each share is a desire to transform their everyday environment and apply the lessons learned through their doctorate to a complex, critical issue facing their workplace. 

The EdD is practice-based. Students in an EdD program don’t want to just research their area of interest, but leverage that research in ways that could positively influence their community or organization’s decision-making process.

Learn More: 5 Tips for Choosing Your EdD Concentration

Those who pursue an EdD focus on qualitative, exploratory research. Students collect data and conduct individual interviews, observations, or focus groups to construct hypotheses and develop strategies that can help solve or clarify a specific problem of practice, such as how to support student veterans transitioning to civilian life or how to foster more female leaders in higher education—two dissertation topics recently explored through Northeastern’s EdD program .

What can you do with an EdD Degree?

While an EdD can be applied to a variety of industries and career options—such as K-12, higher education, the nonprofit sector, or civic service—there are several job titles you’ll likely come across within your cohort of classmates. They include:

• Postsecondary education administrators: Postsecondary education administrators work in colleges or universities, and typically oversee faculty research, academics, admissions, or student affairs. Some job titles that fall under this category include president, vice president, provost, and dean. The average annual salary for a postsecondary education administrator rings in at $102,610 .
• Elementary and secondary school education administrators: Superintendents, who are the top executives of a school district, fall under this category. They manage academic programs, spending, and the staffing of all educational facilities within their district, and typically earn an average of $111,020 per year .
• Top executives : In education, a top executive could be a “chief learning officer” or “chief academic officer”—senior-level professionals who drive and develop strategies that help their organization meet critical business goals. Top executives make an average of $103,840 per year .
• Instructional coordinators : Instructional coordinators create and manage school curricula and other educational materials. They help teachers implement effective classroom learning strategies and measure the effectiveness of what’s being taught and how. The average annual salary for instructional coordinators is $74,620 .

These are just a few of the many career opportunities available to EdD graduates.

Learn More: 8 Careers You Can Pursue with a Doctorate in Education

What is a PhD in Education?

A PhD in Education is a terminal degree best suited for individuals who want to pursue a career in academia or research at the university level.

Students in PhD or doctoral programs take a more theoretical, study-based approach to learning. In most cases, their goal is to master a specific subject or add their unique findings to a body of existing literature. PhD candidates conduct original research in the hopes of driving change in their field or inspiring others to make change based on their work.

A PhD is the degree most popular amongst those who aspire to become a professor or obtain a tenure position. Through these programs, students tend to focus on getting published in well-respected journals, presenting at national conferences, and learning how to teach future educators.

What can you do with a PhD in Education?

While some of the above roles can also be earned through a PhD program, the most common job titles for PhD-holders include:

• Postsecondary teachers: Postsecondary teachers instruct students at a college or university. When they’re not in the classroom, they’re often focused on conducting research, attending conferences, and publishing scholarly papers and books. Postsecondary teachers earn an average $84,380 per year .
• Academic researcher : Researchers often have the opportunity to create their own centers or institutes, hire staff to help carry out their work, and secure funding for that work. Salaries often vary by subject area, but a general academic researcher typically earns an average of $85,234 per year .

EdD or PhD: Which is better for you?

Once you’ve explored the differences between an EdD and PhD in Education, the most relevant question to consider will be: What’s the next step I want to take in my career, and which degree can help me achieve my professional goals? The answer to this question will determine which degree program you ultimately pursue.

Earning your doctorate can pay off no matter which path you choose. Professionals with a doctoral degree earn an average of $109,668 a year —far more than master’s degree holders. Similarly, doctoral degree holders see an unemployment rate of only 1.6% compared to the national unemployment rate of 2%.

Regardless of which degree you ultimately pursue, there is enormous potential for you to advance your career in the field of education. Evaluating your needs and values will help you understand whether an EdD or PhD in Education is best suited to your personal and professional goals.

Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in July 2017. It has since been updated for accuracy and relevance.

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About scott w. o'connor, related articles, 5 tips for choosing your edd concentration.

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Did you know.

The median annual salary for professional degree holders is $97,000. (BLS, 2020)

Doctor of Education

The degree that connects advanced research to real-world problem solving.

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Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.: What’s the Difference?

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Sorting out the differences between post-graduate programs in education can be confusing. For starters, there are three types: Ed.D., Ed.S., and Ph.D.

But each tends to have a specific purpose:

• An Ed.D. is a doctorate in education . It prepares students for leadership positions, such as district superintendent or college president.
• An Ed.S., or education specialist, can lead to leadership or specialized educational roles. These roles include curriculum or instructional design.
• A Ph.D. degree helps students become researchers and college professors .

Of course, it’s a little more complicated than that, especially once you start comparing an Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. or a Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.

But that’s where we come in. We’re here to help you understand the differences between the three degrees. You can then decide which one is right for you.

Popular Online Education Doctorate Programs

Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below

What Are the Differences Between an Ed.D., Ph.D., and Ed.S.?

An Ed.D., Ph.D., and Ed.S. have some overlap. They are all post-master’s programs, requiring a master’s degree to enroll. They also all lead to education-related careers. But there are several distinct differences between them.

As Mark J. Drozdowski, Ed.D., succinctly puts it, “You might earn an Ed.S. on your way toward an Ed.D. or a Ph.D. If you want to become a faculty member, senior college administrator, or top policy analyst, you probably need a doctorate and not just an Ed.S.”

Ph.D. vs. Ed.D.

A Ph.D. and Ed.D. are both doctorates in education. But the coursework, focus, and length differ depending on the type of doctoral program.

In an Ed.D. program, doctoral students prepare for leadership education careers . Students study organizational theory, managing money in schools, and evaluating programs. These classes provide career-focused training.

A Ph.D. program, in contrast, emphasizes research over practice. These programs incorporate more theory, research, and policy-focused courses. Students might take classes in educational research, educational psychology, and learning theory.

• Focus: An Ed.D. focuses on education practice, while a Ph.D. focuses on research.
• Length: An Ed.D. usually takes three years, while a Ph.D. often requires 4-6 years.
• Degree Requirements: Both an Ed.D. and Ph.D. usually require a dissertation. The Ed.D. dissertation generally focuses on applied research topics.

Ed.S. vs. Ed.D.

The Ed.S. differs from the Ed.D. because it does not require a dissertation and is possible to finish in 1-2 years. For this reason, it is not considered a doctoral degree. Ed.D. programs require three years.

Students in Ed.S. and Ed.D. programs can take similar courses and specialize in similar areas. But, an Ed.D. usually requires a doctoral dissertation , while the Ed.S. does not.

• Focus: Both an Ed.D. and an Ed.S. emphasize practice, with many specialization options.
• Length: While an Ed.D. takes three years, Ed.S. programs often take 1-2 years.
• Degree Requirements: Ed.D. students typically write and defend a dissertation. In an Ed.S. program, graduate students may complete a capstone project or thesis.

9 Differences Between Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.

In addition to the differences in focus, length, and coursework, post-master’s education degrees prepare graduate students for different career paths.

What’s the Best Doctorate in Education?

Is an Ed.D. considered a “better” doctorate than a Ph.D.? Is a Ph.D. “more advanced” than an Ed.D.? Which should you choose? The answer depends on your interests and goals.

Educators who want to become principals or superintendents should consider getting an Ed.D. degree. An Ed.D. focuses on practical skills and is more relevant in these roles. With the research-focus of a Ph.D., you can become a professor, researcher, or academic administrator.

How to Choose Between an Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. vs. Ed.S.

Choosing a doctorate in education program can be tricky, but these steps can help you find the best fit for your needs.

Drozdowski offers, “Think about your long-term goals. Ph.D. programs tend to produce scholars, while Ed.D. programs produce practitioners. If you know your career plans, you can make choices based on this distinction, not that initially choosing one path eliminates the other. Also, consider the particular strengths of the program. Does it offer the academic and career focus you seek (e.g., educational administration, curriculum and instruction, education policy)?”

“Earning a doctorate in education is a marathon, not a sprint, so choose the right program you’re comfortable seeing yourself in for many years to come,” says Drozdowski.

Step 1: Start by determining your professional objectives.

• Are you interested in administrative roles at the K-12 level? An Ed.D. or Ed.S. can help you reach those goals.
• To work in higher education , a Ph.D. is usually required for academic jobs and an Ed.D. is good for administrative roles.

Step 2: Next, look for programs that align with your budget, schedule, and interests.

• Start by researching specialization options at different programs.
• Many universities offer specializations for school superintendents or higher education administrators, for example.

Step 3: Then, research delivery options, cost, and length.

• You can find online Ed.D. programs with flexible schedules designed for working students.
• These programs can be more affordable because doctoral students can work while pursuing their degree.

Step 4: Finally, reach out to programs to learn about graduate placements.

• Ask about the job titles of recent graduates to get an idea of career paths with the degree. And learn about the industries and settings where graduates work.

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PhD vs Doctorate: Key Differences

Although "PhD" and "Doctorate" are often used interchangeably, understanding the distinctions between a PhD is crucial for anyone considering this level of education.

• ⏳ 3-5 min read
• Getting Started

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✨ 5-second summary, what is a phd.

A PhD is one of the highest academic degrees you can earn, and it’s all about contributing something new to your area of study. Imagine delving deep into the intricacies of quantum mechanics to uncover new theories or exploring uncharted territories in social psychology to better understand human behavior.

With a PhD, you’ll spend up to 3-5 years immersing yourself in research, publishing articles, writing a thesis, and eventually defending your work before experts in the field. This degree is not just about learning what others have discovered—it’s about making your own discoveries and publish it. 

What is a doctorate degree?

Doctorate is a postgraduate academic degree. It comes in various forms such as Doctor of Education (EdD), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), Doctor of Medicine (MD), Doctor of Arts (DA) and the most common Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). These degrees are for people who want to take their expertise to the highest level in their professional fields.

For example, if you’re driven to reform educational systems, an EdD could empower you to implement effective changes. If you’re aiming for a leadership role in a business, a DBA might provide the strategic insight and research skills you need.

PhD vs. Doctorate: academic and research focus

If you’re pursuing a PhD, be prepared to focus intensely on research. This degree demands that you contribute something entirely new to your field, whether through a groundbreaking thesis or experiments. You’ll likely spend 4 years conducting research, gathering data, and analyzing results, all with the goal of advancing human knowledge. 

On the other hand, if you’re enrolled in a professional doctorate program, your studies will be more about applying existing knowledge to solve specific problems. Instead of a traditional dissertation, you might work on a capstone project directly addressing issues in your professional area. Whether it’s improving healthcare delivery or enhancing business practices, the emphasis is on real-world application.

PhD vs Doctorate: duration and structure of programs

A PhD isn’t a quick journey—it typically takes anywhere from 3.5 to 5 years to complete. You’ll start with research work and comprehensive examsbefore moving on to years of focused research and writing your dissertation. The journey is long, but the reward is a deep expertise and the potential to make significant contributions to your field.

Based on yourfield, finishing the program might take even longer time. During my years of PhD studies, I met students who were on program 8-10 years. It wasa unique situation, and you shouldn’t be afraid of starting the program, fearing that it will take so much time. Nowadays most of the universities have regulations of 4 years programs, and Principal Investigator (PI) usually can’t pay a salary longer than that.

Professional doctorates, by contrast, are often completed in 3 to 4 years. Duration varies based on the field (e.g., 4-5 years for M.D. programs, 3 years for J.D. programs). These programs blend coursework with applied research projects or practical experiences. The structure is designed to fit the busy lives of working professionals, allowing you to advance your career without stepping away from your job for too long.

PhD vs Doctorate: career opportunities

Many PhD graduates see their future in academia, taking on roles as PI with a future potential professorship, a position of researcher or a teacher. But a PhD can also open doors in industries that value deep expertise and advanced research skills, such as pharmaceuticals, tech, or consultancy.

With a professional doctorate, you’re poised for leadership roles within your industry. Whether it’s leading a school district, heading up a corporate division, or becoming a top consultant, these degrees prepare you for high-level positions where you can apply your advanced knowledge and skills.

PhD vs Doctorate: admission requirements

Getting into a PhD program usually requires anacademic background, often with prior research experience. You’ll need to demonstrate your potential for original research, which sometimes means having a research proposal. Based on a country, programs may require GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and a clear statement of purpose.

For a professional doctorate, your work experience can be just as important as your academic achievements. Admissions committees look for candidates with a proven track record in their field, who are ready to take on leadership roles. Practical experience, relevant qualifications, and demonstrated leadership skills are key components of a successful application.

PhD vs Doctorate: financial considerations

PhD programs often come with various funding opportunities, including scholarships, fellowships, and assistantships that provide a stipend. Many students receive financial support in exchange for teaching or research duties, which can make pursuing a PhD more financially feasible. In the EU PhD positions are usually fully funded, meaning that you will get a salary and there will be no tuition fee. All students from different countries who I met at conferences have been receiving a salary.

Otherdoctorate programs may have higher tuition costs, and while some funding options are available, they are often less extensive than for PhD programs. However, many students in these programs also receive sponsorship or reimbursement from their employers, recognizing the degree’s value in advancing their professional careers.

PhD vs Doctorate: academic vs. professional orientation

Depending on the field,PhD can be fully theoretical or done with experimental parts, like in Life Science or Engineering. No matter what topic you choose to study, you’ll be trained to think critically, conduct research, and contribute to the academic discourse in your field. PhD studies prepare you to become an independent researcher and it’s valuable in all professions.

In contrast, professional doctorates are geared towards solving real-world problems. The focus is on applying theory to practice, improving systems, and leading change in your field. If you’re passionate about making a tangible difference in your professional domain, a professional doctorate offers the tools and credentials to do just that.

In summary, both PhDs and other doctorate degrees represent the pinnacle of academic and professional achievement, but they serve different purposes. A PhD is ideal for those who wish to contribute to academic knowledge and pursue careers in research and academia, while professional doctorates are tailored for individuals looking to apply advanced knowledge in leadership roles within their industries. Understanding these differences is crucial in choosing the path that aligns best with your goals and aspirations.

All PhDs are doctorates, but not all doctorates are PhDs.

Natalia Akkuratova Author

Natalia holds a PhD in Medical Science from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and has 13 years of academic experience, including teaching and student mentorship. After defending her PhD, she worked as a digital marketing specialist at Keystone Education Group.

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